Conditions: HIV/AIDS HIV Prevention
Keywords: Tenofovir Tenofovir Douche
Allocation: NA | Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Enrollment: 8
Healthy volunteers: yes

Brief summary:
ATN DREAM is an early phase-1, open label study to examine the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and acceptability of a one-dose tenofovir (TFV) medicated douche. The overall goal is to inform the design of an extended safety study of an on-demand and behaviorally congruent TFV douche to confer protection from HIV acquisition in an outpatient pre-RAI context

Detailed description:
On demand and behaviorally-congruent forms of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have long been demanded by communities at great risk of HIV, especially men who have sex with men (MSM). The DREAM Program is developing a tenofovir (TFV) douche for on demand PrEP use prior to receptive anal intercourse (RAI), given that the vast majority of MSM very commonly douche prior to RAI (behaviorally-congruent). This ATN protocol seeks to ensure the inclusion of adolescent and young adults' (age 15-24 years) perspectives as next generation biomedical prevention, specifically a rectal douche, is being developed for efficacy.

ATN DREAM is an early phase 1, open label study to compare the safety, PK, PD, and acceptability of a TFV-medicated douche. Each participant will undergo a Screening Visit to evaluate eligibility. Baseline Visit will assess pre-dose safety, PK, PD, and behavioral points of reference. Safety, PK, PD, and behavioral readouts are assessed at specified times after the single dose. The TFV douche to be used consists of TFV 660 mg in 125 mL half-normal saline (TFV 5.28 mg/mL). Study objectives including safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and acceptability of a single TFV douche, are essential to inform the design of an extended safety study of a TFV douche in outpatient pre-RAI contexts. The necessity of extending the testing of new HIV prevention modalities to this proposed adolescent population is motivated by anticipated behavioral differences, not biological ones.

Participant accrual will take approximately 9 months and each participant will be on study for approximately 3 months. Total study duration is about 1 year.

Arms:
arm 1: Once enrolled, participants will complete a baseline sampling session and then a single dose of study product administration. Post-dose observations and data collection will follow at 1, 6, 24, and 72 hours, using a sparse PK sampling design in which plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are collected at each designated time. Between sampling windows, YMSM will complete a web-survey examining their perceived reactions and comfort using the study douche, factors influencing product use in the future, and comfort with the trial procedures. The survey will be administered after dosing but scheduled not to interfere with other study assessments. Sampling for safety, PK, PD, and acceptability assessments will be collected according to the schedule of events. Phase I Trial participants will complete an in-depth interview as part of their Termination visit.

Interventions: intervention 1: Tenofovir Douche
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: 660 mg TFV in 125 mL hypo-osmolar solution

Protocol document:
Prot_SAP_000.pdf: 
ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 1 of 94
 
Version 1.0 
 
 
ATN 163 
 
Safety, PK/PD, Acceptability, and Desirability of a Novel HIV Prevention Douche among 
Adolescent Men (DREAM) 
 
 
 
 
Sponsored by: 
The Eunice Kennedy Shriver 
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) 
 
 
with co-funding from: 
 
The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) 
 
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Protocol Chair: 
José Bauermeister, MPH, PhD 
Protocol Co-Chair: 
Craig Hendrix, MD 
NICHD Medical Officer:  
Bill Kapogiannis, MD 
 
 
IND Holder: Peter A. Anton 
 
 
This protocol will be performed under the following IND#: 126136 
 
 
 
 
 


































ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 18 of 94
After completing the screening evaluation, we will enroll 16 YMSM as participants if they 
are consented, eligible and able to complete the study visits. At the dosing visit, they will 
receive a single dose of a tenofovir (TFV) rectal microbicide douche (600mg TFV in 125mL 
0.45% NaCl [half-normal saline]) at the Hopkins study site. Prior to using the TFV douche, 
baseline samples (see Appendix 1) will be collected to establish pre-dose conditions for 
safety assessments at the Enrollment Visit. 
At the Dosing Visit, YMSM will then receive a single dose of TFV douche at the research 
unit, and, asked to retain the douche without defecation for up to 5 minutes, if possible. 
Subsequently, participants will be instructed on how to expel the douche contents. The 
amount of time that the douche was retained and the volume of expelled effluent will be 
measured. Post-dose observations and data collection will follow at 1, 6, 24, and 72 hours, 
using a sparse PK sampling design in which plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells 
(PBMC) are collected at each designated time. Participants are randomized to only one 
time point for flexible sigmoidoscopy with rectal biopsies at either 1, 6, 24, or 72 hours 
after dosing (thus, providing 4 subjects at each time point). Anoscopy, with rectal fluid 
collection will occur pre-dose and at either 1, 6, 24, or 72 hours after dosing to coincide with 
the time of each participant’s flexible sigmoidoscopy. Microbiome specimens will be 
collected via anoscopy pre-dose and at 24 hrs post-dose.  
Between sampling windows, YMSM will complete a web-survey examining their perceived 
reactions and comfort using the study douche, factors influencing product use in the future, 
and comfort with the trial procedures. The survey will be administered after dosing but 
scheduled not to interfere with other study assessments. Sampling for safety, PK, PD, and 
acceptability assessments will be collected according to the schedule of events. Phase I Trial 
participants will complete an IDI as part of their Termination visit. 
 
 


 
Page 19 of 94 
 
KEY ROLES 
Protocol Identification 
 
Protocol Title:  
Safety, PK/PD, Acceptability, and Desirability of a Novel HIV Prevention Douche 
among Adolescent Men (DREAM) 
 
Short Title: 
 
ATN DREAM 
 
Date:  
 
December 10, 2022 
 
Funding Agency, Sponsor, and Monitor Identification 
 
Funding Agency: 
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 
National Institutes of Health 
Department of Health and Human Services 
6710B Rockledge Dr. 
Bethesda, MD 20892 
 
 
IND Holder: 
Peter A. Anton, MD 
E-cubed Consulting, LLC  
7777 Hollywood Blvd, #309 
Los Angeles, CA 90046 
 
 
 
Monitor: 
UNC/Emory Center for Innovative Technology (iTech)  
University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill 
130 Mason Farm Road 
Chapel Hill, NC 27599 
 
 
Medical Officer 
Bill Kapogiannis, MD 
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 
National Institutes of Health 
Department of Health and Human Services 
6710B Rockledge Dr., Room 2150, MSC 7002 
Bethesda, MD 20892 
 
Study Site Investigators 
 
University of Pennsylvania: José Bauermeister, MPH, PhD 
Department of Family and Community Health 
School of Nursing 
418 Curie Blvd, Suite 222L 
Philadelphia, PA 19104 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 20 of 94 
 
Johns Hopkins University: 
 
 
Edward Fuchs, PA-C, MBA 
Division of Clinical Pharmacology 
The Johns Hopkins Hospital 
600 North Wolfe Street, Blalock 569 
Baltimore, MD 21287 
 
Renata Arrington-Sanders, MD, MPH, ScM 
Division of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 
Director, PrEPisforYouth Program  
The Johns Hopkins University 
200 North Wolfe Street, Rubenstein 2063 
Baltimore, MD 21287 
 
Allison L. Agwu, MD, ScM 
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases 
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases 
Director, Pediatric and Adolescent HIV/AIDS Program 
Medical Director, Accessing Care Early (ACE) Clinic 
Johns Hopkins School of medicine 
200 North Wolfe Street, Rm 3145 
Baltimore, MD 21287 
 
University of North Carolina: Kate Muessig, PhD 
Gillings School of Global Public Health 
135 Dauer Drive 
Rosenau Hall, Office 306 
Chapel Hill NC, 27599 
 
Emory University: 
 
Travis Sanchez, DVM, MPH 
Research Associate Professor 
Department of Epidemiology 
Emory Rollins School of Public Health 
1581 Clifton Road NE 
Atlanta, GA 30322 
 
Clinical Laboratories 
 
JHU Laboratories: 
 
Johns Hopkins Medical Laboratories 
401 North Broadway, Weinberg Bldg. Rm 2335 
Baltimore, MD 21231 USA 
 
Johns Hopkins Medical Laboratories 
600 North Wolfe Street, Carnegie 417 
Baltimore, MD 21287 USA 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 21 of 94 
 
Research Laboratories and Analytical Units 
 
JHU Laboratories: 
 
Clinical Pharmacology Analytical Laboratory/Marzinke Laboratory 
Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Campus (JHBMC) 
5200 Eastern Ave. 
MFL Center Tower Suite 6000 Rm. 621 
Baltimore, MD 21224 
 
Data Center:  
 
Analytic Core Coordinator/iTech  
Emory Rollins School of Public Health  
1581 Clifton Road NE 
Atlanta, GA 30322 
 
Study Operations 
UNC/Emory Center for Innovative Technology (iTech)  
University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill 
130 Mason Farm Road 
Chapel Hill, NC 27599 
 
ATN Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center 
Department of Biostatistics 
Gillings School of Global Public Health 
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 
123 W.Franklin St., Suite 450 
Chapel Hill, NC 27516 
 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 22 of 94 
1. 
INTRODUCTION 
1.1 
Rationale 
HIV prevention scientists are actively developing and testing the efficacy of next generation PrEP 
formulations1-4. Diverse drug delivery mechanisms could offer choice based on YMSM’s sociocultural 
context, and, facilitate uptake and adherence of products that are behaviorally congruent with their sexual 
practices. For example, rectal douches5 may be congruent with routine cleansing practices and behaviors 
regarded as normative prior to participating in activities where the probability of engaging in RAI is high.6,7 
Thus, it is crucial that next generation biomedical prevention be designed so that they can be delivered via 
mechanisms that not only deliver enough drug to block HIV transmission, but are also a good behavioral fit 
with the drug’s intended end-users8. Achieving consistent and correct use among the product’s consumers will 
require researchers to develop products that are desirable and acceptable, both within the context of clinical 
trials and in the real world.9-11  However, YMSM’s recruitment in these next generation PrEP studies has been 
limited, particularly among those under the age of 25. Thus, the absence of data focused on product safety, 
pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD), and acceptability specific to YMSM may delay their uptake 
once they become available as a new HIV prevention modality.  
 
This ATN protocol seeks to ensure the inclusion of adolescent and young adults’ (age 15-24 years) 
perspectives as next generation biomedical prevention, specifically a rectal douche, is being developed for 
efficacy. The necessity of extending the testing of new HIV prevention modalities to this proposed adolescent 
population is motivated by anticipated behavioral differences, not biological ones. The biological differences 
in existing safety cohort (DREAM-01 with -02 and -03 ongoing) are anticipated to be trivial given the 
maturation of the GI tract in proposed study participants. We have no expectation of differences in safety or 
PK readouts in the proposed trial, though capturing these endpoints is essential, nonetheless.   
 
1.2 
Background 
A safe and effective rectal microbicide used consistently would make an important impact on the HIV 
pandemic domestically and internationally. Per UNAIDS, there were an estimated 1.7 million new HIV 
infections globally in 2018 12. MSM are a high-risk group for the acquisition of HIV through unprotected 
receptive anal intercourse (URAI), and serve as an important source of HIV infection for other risk groups. 
MSM remain the majority of the U.S. epidemic, comprising 63% of incident HIV infections overall and 78% 
among men 13. In Baltimore, 46.6% of MSM have HIV, and the seroincidence rate is 11% in young (ages 15-
29) African-American MSM 14.  
 
Condom use has had highly variable uptake, with high prevalence of URAI among young MSM, 38-65% of 
whom report not using condoms 15. As Unprotected RAI (URAI) is a common mode of transmission of HIV 
which carries a 20-fold higher risk of transmission than vaginal intercourse, there has consequently been little 
or no decline in the rates of new HIV infections, particularly in MSM 16. The relative risk of various sexual 
practices in transmission of HIV is outlined below in Table 1, with URAI ranking significantly higher than 
other practices. For these reasons, rectal microbicides are considered an important HIV prevention technology 
for all practitioners of RAI, not just for MSM. 
 
 
 
 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 23 of 94 
Table 1: Relative Risk of Unprotected Sexual Practice in HIV Transmission (per sex act) 
Behavior 
Risk of HIV Infection 
Reference 
Oral Sex 
0.0% (95% CI: 0,1.5) 
Page-Shafer K. et al. 2002 17 
Vaginal Sex 
0.001 – 0.02% (95% CI: NA) 
Kalichman S. et al. 2002 18 
Anal Sex 
0.25% (95% CI: 0.06,0.49) 
Vittinghoff E. et al. 199919 
 
In May 2018, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC) dosing was approved by the Food and 
Drug Administration for use as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for adolescents.20 More recently, 
emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) has been licensed for those at risk for sexual transmission 
of HIV, excluding those individuals at risk from receptive vaginal sex 21An essential tool in ending the HIV 
epidemic, daily oral PrEP is more than 90% effective in preventing HIV infection among men who have sex 
with men (MSM) with high adherence.22,23 However, while YMSM are disproportionally infected with HIV, 
PrEP uptake has been low.24-27 Moreover, adherence to PrEP among YMSM has been suboptimal as 
evidenced in ATN 110 and ATN 113 24,25. Currently, researchers are exploring whether adherence challenges 
to daily oral PrEP could be overcome through a rectal douche given its popularity among MSM prior to 
engaging in receptive anal intercourse (RAI) 28.  
 
The Developing Rectal Enema as Microbicide (DREAM) Program (U19 AI113048) is part of the DAIDS 
Integrated Pre-Clinical/Clinical HIV Topical Microbicide development program and seeks to advance an on- 
demand, behaviorally-congruent8 tenofovir rectal douche for HIV prevention in persons at risk of HIV 
acquisition due to RAI. Behavioral data with adult MSM5,8, pre-clinical macaque SHIV challenge studies, and 
Clinical Phase I PK studies with adults have been completed and encourage further clinical development. We 
summarize these data below: 
 
Douching Prevalence. DREAM completed a Grindr survey of 5,000 racially/ethnically diverse adult MSM in 
the US to assess current douche practices and interest in a douche-delivered rectal microbicide, and to inform 
clinical product development. 80% of MSM frequently/always douched prior to RAI. Interest in a PrEP-
delivered douche was high among receptive partners who currently douche (98%) and those who do not 
douche (94%). 95% of insertive partners were supportive of their receptive partners using such a microbicide 
douche. At present, however, limited data exist on the rectal douching practices of YMSM. Prior MSM 
samples reporting their rectal douching (RD) practices had mean ages in the mid-thirties (e.g., 33.9 years 29; 
36.6 years 30). In a recent study conducted by our team with a sample of high-risk HIV-negative YMSM 
(N=180; ages 18-24), the mean age of douching onset was 19 years (SD=2.05). Racial/ethnic minority YMSM 
(50% of our sample) were also more likely to report douching (AOR= 2.24; 95% CI: 1.17, 4.29, p=.015) and 
to douche more frequently (β=.20, p=.009) than non-Hispanic White counterparts. Given the potential for 
YMSM to benefit greatly from a rectal PrEP douche in the future, and, recognizing the developmental 
differences that may be present for this group relative to adults, it is vital that we ensure YMSM’s inclusion in 
these trials. These findings have recently been replicated in a Latin American and African Grindr survey 31.  
 
Developing a behaviorally congruent PrEP douche: Since rectal douching is commonly practiced prior to 
RAI, this prevention strategy requires only minimal behavior change, as compared to oral or other topical 
strategies which require adherence, possibly daily, to dose-taking which is not normally part of their sexual 
practices. Furthermore, in contrast to condoms, enemas are commonly perceived to enhance the sexual 
experience, rather than detracting from it. Reasons cited for peri-coital enema use included pre-coital hygiene, 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 24 of 94 
partner encouragement, and a belief that a deeply penetrating enema would confer greater protection against 
HIV than a gel 32. Patterns of use of enemas underline the importance of the rapid achievement of sustained 
drug levels in the relevant tissues. Modeling studies by our group indicate oral tenofovir PrEP regimens 
require one week to achieve protective concentrations of the active drug form, TFV diphosphate (TFV-DP), in 
tissue. These concentrations can be achieved within 30 minutes after TFV 1% rectal gel dosing 33. Finally, 
another marked advantage of topical strategies is the limited systemic absorption of drug, which minimizes 
adverse long- and short-term systemic side effects.  
 
The rectal columnar epithelium is fragile and extremely vulnerable to HIV-1 infection, in  
part due to the proximity of sub-epithelial stromal tissues that are densely populated with cells receptive to 
incident HIV-1 infection, such as dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages and T-cells that express both CD4 and 
both HIV-1 co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 34,35.  Although the mechanisms of viral uptake and infection 
across rectal mucosa are not fully established, such physiological and anatomical differences may explain why 
HIV is more readily transmitted across rectal than across the cervicovaginal genital epithelium (Figure 1). In 
conjunction with this higher transmission risk of rectal versus vaginal exposure to HIV, there is a higher 
concentration of TFV achievable in colonic tissue than in vaginal tissue 36,37. The plasma concentration of 
TFV associated with 90% protection (EC90) in PK/PD models, 107 ng/mL, was not achieved by the most 
highly adherent heterosexual subpopulations; achievement of concentrations above 107 ng/mL requires 
fastidious adherence and daily dosing 38-40. This is in contrast to the protective effect for MSM which is 
achieved with only 2 to 4 doses of oral TDF per week 41. 
 
TFV-based HIV PrEP, when taken, provides a high degree of protection against HIV when used as a single 
daily oral dose in men and women or as a pre- and post-coital vaginal gel dose. Seven randomized controlled 
trials have tested TFV-based PrEP regimens, and it is now clear that plasma concentration correlates with HIV 
protection response across these trials 38. Though heterogeneous estimates of HIV protection with daily 
TDF/FTC have ranged from 0 to 100%, the variance in results can mostly be explained best by wide-ranging 
adherence. There is evidence in MSM that protection appears to require less frequent dosing. For example, in 
iPrEx, the only study focusing on MSM and transgender women, daily oral TDF/FTC provided only 44% 
protection in the overall study, but 96% protection with evidence of only 4 doses taken per week, on average, 
as measured by plasma TFV levels 42. This is in contrast to studies in heterosexuals whose primary route of 
infection is not rectal, which demonstrated equivalent (>90%) protection requires 6-7 doses per week 38-40. For 
heterosexual women, in contrast to MSM, this difference is likely due to the >100-fold higher concentrations 
of the active drug moiety, TFV-DP, in colon tissue than in vaginal tissue 36,37.  
 
While no efficacy studies to date have evaluated rectal dosing, RMP-02/MTN-006 showed that, compared to a 
single oral 300mg TDF dose, a single 44 mg TFV rectal gel achieved 90-times higher colon tissue TFV-DP 
concentrations more rapidly, and with greater protection in ex vivo HIV challenge of colon tissue explants 33,43,44. 
Figure 1: Histological Sections of 
Healthy Rectosigmoid Biopsies from
Routine Colonoscopy 
 
Panel A is uninjured with attached 
epithelia and prominent goblet cells 
(arrows).  Panel B shows mild injury 
from colonoscope with epithelial 
sloughing and mucin depletion. Panel 
C is a high power view identifying a 
RBC (box) to emphasize the easy 
access of an HIV-sized particle. 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 25 of 94 
When compared directly in Partners PrEP, no statistically significant difference emerged with TDF compared 
to TDF/FTC 39,45.  Given (i) the very high HIV prevention efficacy of TDF-based PrEP taken consistently orally, 
(ii) more efficient delivery of active drug to the colon with rectal compared to oral dosing, (iii) the large 
influence of poor adherence on PrEP trial outcomes, (iv) the frequency of unprotected RAI in men and women, 
(v) pre-existing common behaviors of enema use before and after RAI by many MSM, and (vi) the potential 
organ toxicity of ongoing systemic oral therapy, we reason that an enhanced TFV enema is a necessary and 
viable PrEP candidate capable of both high degrees of adherence and efficacy. This protocol is the first step in 
the DREAM IPCP Program to advance an enema formulation toward full clinical development as a rectal 
microbicide for adolescent sexual and gender minority youth. 
 
1.3 
Description of TFV Rectal Douche Study Product 
 
We propose a phase I clinical study of a dose of a tenofovir (TFV) enema in YMSM. The douche formulation 
is selected to provide a more behaviorally congruent pre-exposure prophylaxis alternative to both oral daily 
dosing and rectal gel dosing using pharmacokinetic and behavioral rationale described above. Unique among 
rectal microbicide studies and in biomedical HIV prevention trials with youth, we propose this initial single 
dose study of the TFV douche in order to have sufficient evidence to ensure the inclusion of YMSM if 
subsequent trials demonstrate HIV prevention efficacy and we are successful in demonstrating PK congruence 
between adults and YMSM in the colon tissue cell concentrations.  
 
The study product active ingredient is TFV (PMPA,9-[(R)-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl] adenine 
monohydrate), an acyclic nucleotide analogue of adenosine monophosphate.  Once inside the cell, TFV is 
phosphorylated by cellular enzymes to form TFV-DP.  TFV-DP is a competitive inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse 
transcriptase (RT) that terminates the growing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) chain.  TFV-DP is a weak 
inhibitor of mammalian DNA polymerases α, β, and mitochondrial DNA polymerase. TFV is licensed only as 
the prodrug form, TFV disoproxil fumarate (TDF) which is available in a 300 mg dosage form as well as in 
fixed dose combination with emtricitabine (200 mg), also an HIV nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor 
(NRTI), marketed as TruvadaTM and indicated for prevention of HIV infection in persons at risk of HIV 
infection as well as for treatment in combination with another NRTI and a more potent antiretroviral drug. 
TFV Powder will be supplied by CONRAD. 
 
The TFV douche product is a clear, colorless fluid with pH 7.0. It contains 660 mg TFV in 125 mL, and has a 
hypotonic osmolality (~ 145 mOsm/kg).  Characteristics of the formulation of the TFV douche which will be 
tested clinically are specified below in Table 2. 
 
Table 2: Characteristics of Tenofovir Hypotonic, High Dose Douche 
Product C 
Dosing 
660 mg per 125 mL 
Concentration 
5.28 mg/mL 
Ingredients 
  
TFV 
0.66 g 
NaOH 18%w/v (18g NaOH in 100 ml water) 
0.75 mL 
NaCl, NF 
0.412 g 
Purified water 
124.25 g or mL 
Target Osmolality 
145sm/kg 
1.3.1  Formulation Testing  
 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
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Table 3 compares the various unit dose formulations of TFV gel that have been studied, compared with the 
product currently under study. 
 
Table 3: Comparison of 3 TFV 1% Gel Formulations Studied Clinically  
Descriptive name 
Vaginal formulation 
Reduced glycerin 
vaginal formulation 
Rectal 
formulation 
DREAM-03 
Acronym 
VF 
RGVF 
RF 
- 
TFV  dose 
1% w/v;  
40 mg/3.5 mL 
1% w/v;  
40 mg/3.5 mL 
1% w/v;  
40 mg/3.5 mL 
5.28 mg/mL  
(660 mg/125 mL) 
Osmolality (mOsmol/kg) 
3111 
846 
479 
145  
Prior Vaginal Dose Study 
CAPRISA 004, VOICE,  
FACTS 001 
 
 
 
Prior Rectal Dose Study 
RMP-02/MTN-006, 
CHARM-01, CHARM-02 
MTN-007, CHARM-01, 
CHARM-02, MTN-017 
CHARM-01, 
CHARM-02 
DREAM-01 
 
1.3.2  Anti-HIV-1 Activity, Resistance, and Cross-resistance 
 
The in vitro antiviral activity of unformulated TFV against laboratory and clinical isolates of HIV-1 was 
assessed in lymphoblastoid cell lines, primary monocyte/macrophage cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes 
46. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) values for TFV were in the range of 0.04 µM - 8.5 µM.  TFV 
displayed antiviral activity in vitro against HIV-1 clades A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and O (EC50 values 0.5 µM - 2.2 
µM) and showed strain specific activity against HIV-2 (EC50 values ranged from 1.6 µM to 5.5 µM). HIV-1 
isolates with reduced susceptibility to unformulated TFV have been selected in vitro 47. Cross-resistance 
among certain NRTIs has also been recognized in vitro 48. Somewhat reassuringly, in clinical trials of TFV-
based PrEP and the subsequent rollout of PrEP in at risk populations, less than a handful of cases of acquired 
TFV-resistance have been reported 42,45,49-53.  
 
1.4 
Animal Studies 
 
At least 7 different TFV-containing gel formulations were evaluated in animal toxicology studies prior to 
conduct of DREAM-01 that also support conduct of DREAM-03. The details of these studies are summarized 
in three GLP toxicokinetic study reports including the following products: 
(1) Fourteen Day Repeat Dose Toxicology Study of Tenofovir Vaginal Gel in New Zealand White Rabbits 
following Rectal Administration, Pacific BioLabs (West Chester, PA), Report Number X8F130G, IND 
126,136, Section 6, Attachment 1; Cross-referenced from IND 73,382), which evaluated TFV 1%, 3%, 
and 10% Vaginal Formulation (High Osmolality)  
(2) 14-Day Rectal Irritation Study of Rectal Specific Formulation (RF) of TFV Gel in Rabbits. MPI 
Research, (Mattawan, MI), Study Number 1901-001 (IND 126,136, Section 6, Attachment 2; Cross-
referenced from IND 113,620), which evaluated TFV 1%, 3%, and 10% Rectal Specific Formulation 
(Rectal Specific Formulation is referred to elsewhere in this protocol as “RF”) 
(3) Rectal Gel (TFV/GRFT) and RGVF of TFV Gel: 28-Day Rectal Dose Toxicity Study in Male and 
Female Rabbits, MPI Research (Mattawan, MI), Study Number 1901-002, September 13, 2012 (IND 
126,136, Section 6, Attachment 3; Cross-referenced from IND 73,382) which evaluated “RGVF of 
TFV 1% Gel (referred to elsewhere in this protocol as “RGVF”) and “Rectal Gel (1% TFV)” (referred 
to elsewhere in this protocol as “RF”). 
 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 27 of 94 
The results of these studies are summarized in Section 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3 of the Tenofovir Douche Formulation 
Investigator Brochure (4th edition, August 5, 2019). Summarizing these three studies, no toxicity signals were 
identified and the (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) NOAEL was determined to be greater than the highest 
dose used in each of the studies, namely, 10% of vaginal formulation (VF), and 10% rectal formulation (RF), 
and 1% reduced glycerin vaginal formulation (RGVF). For the multiple dose level studies of VF and RF, there 
was an increase in local and systemic TFV concentration, though this was not strictly dose proportional. The 
FDA found the above TFV gel studies sufficient to allow the DREAM-01 clinical study of 3 TFV douche 
formulations without specific TFV douche pre-clinical studies.  
 
TFV Enema Administration – Toxicology. The potential toxicity and toxicokinetics of TFV enema 
formulations are assumed to be comparable to that seen in the studies of TFV gel. Therefore, in accordance 
with FDA guidance provided in response to our pre-IND submission, Rabbit Rectal Irritation studies were not 
repeated using the TFV enema formulation. The IND for the first-in-human study of the TFV douche, 
DREAM-01, referenced these TFV gel studies.  
 
Macaque PK and SHIV Challenge Studies.  The TFV douche proposed for this study was evaluated for PK 
and PD (SHIV rectal challenge) in macaques. 54 
 
Macaque PK Comparison. The TFV rectal douche was administered as a single dose and compared to 
human equivalent dosing (22 mg/kg) of oral daily F/TDF PrEP to compare the uptake of TFV into the tissue 
and systemic circulation. Single TFV HOsm high (5.28 mg/ml) dose douches achieved peak plasma TFV 
levels similar to daily oral PrEP. Tissues TFV-DP concentrations at the rectal tissue portal of virus entry, 
however, were markedly higher at 1-24 hours post HOsm douching than continued daily oral PrEP. 
Importantly, no such oral-rectal dosing difference was noted in distal lymphoid tissues including colonic 
lymph nodes.55 
 
Macaque SHIV Challenge Comparison. Macaques received the same steady-state oral F/TDF and 
rectal TFV douche dosing in the PK studies as for the SHIV challenge studies. Macaques received a weekly 
SHIV rectal challenge within one hour of the sham, steady-state oral F/TDF, and rectal TFV douche dosing. 
The weekly rectal douche one hour before weekly SHIV challenge protected 5 of 6 macaques, while all 6 
sham controls were infected and 3 of 6 macaques in the steady-state oral F/TDF daily dosing group were 
infected by 8 weeks. Our results demonstrate the ability to rapidly deliver protective doses of TFV via the 
rectal route at portal of virus entry as a potential low cost and safe alternative to oral PrEP.56 
 
1.5 
Condom Integrity 
 
The RF TFV was shown to be compatible with lubricated and non-lubricated latex condoms using the Magee 
condom compatibility test based on the Texture Analyzer.  A second condom compatibility study with the RF 
TFV was performed by FHI using the ASTM standard testing protocol (ASTM D7661-10). In this testing, 6 
styles of condoms were evaluated: 3 non-lubricated latex (Durex®, Lifestyles®, and Trojan®), 2 polyisoprene 
(Avanti Bare® and Lifestyles SKYN®), and 1 polyurethane (Trojan Supra®).  The condoms were treated 
with the RF TFV gel and tested for tensile (break force and elongation) and airburst (pressure and volume) 
properties. Untreated condoms subjected to testing procedures served as a control; condoms treated with a 
known degradant served as a positive control.   
 
The condom testing data for the RF TFV gel was evaluated for statistical significance using Tukey’s multiple 
range test.   Overall, in 20 of the 24 sets of results (4 tests and 6 condoms) there were either no significant 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 28 of 94 
differences between the treated and control groups or the treated group performed significantly better than the 
control. In the four sets of results in which the treated condoms performed significantly worse than the 
controls, which were observed for two of the non-lubricated latex condoms and for the polyurethane condom, 
the differences were much smaller (at least 74% smaller) than those observed after condom exposure to the 
known degradant. There were no significant differences between the treated and control groups for the 
polyisoprene condoms. 
 
For DREAM-01 and this exploratory trial in YMSM, the TFV douche will not be used in the context of RAI, 
condom compatibility studies will be deferred until an appropriate enema formulation candidate has been 
identified for further product development. For the ½ normal saline (½ NS) solutions to be used as enemas in 
the context of RAI, the FDA has identified these formulations as consistent with normal medical practice to 
meet product quality standards (FDA written responses to Pre-IND 126136 meeting request, dated 5/22/15).    
 
1.6 
Rectal Microbicide Development in the DREAM Program 
 
DREAM ATN has been developed to dovetail with the on-going DREAM clinical development program of a 
rectal TFV douche described below. The goal of DREAM ATN is to define the safety, PK, PD, and 
acceptability of a rectal TFV douche administered to adolescent and young adult MSM. Establishing, as we 
expect, the PK equivalence of the TFV douche in adolescent, young adult, and adult study participants is 
designed to accelerate inclusion of YMSM in future TFV douche studies and to provide a PK bridge to 
YMSM once efficacy of the TFV douche is demonstrated in adults, as is anticipated to be the first population 
studied in pivotal randomized clinical seroconversion studies leading to market approval by FDA. The 
necessity of extending the testing of new HIV prevention modalities to this proposed adolescent population is 
motivated by anticipated behavioral differences, not biological ones. The biological differences in existing 
safety cohort (DREAM-01 with -02 and -03 ongoing) are anticipated to be trivial given the maturation of the 
GI tract in proposed study participants. We have no expectation of differences in safety or PK readouts in the 
proposed trial, though capturing these endpoints is essential, nonetheless.  The product to be studied in 
DREAM ATN is the same as that studied in DREAM-01 (completed), DREAM-02 (recruiting), and 
DREAM-03 (recruiting). For context, these studies are summarized here.   
 
DREAM-01 (completed) is the initial clinical study in the DREAM Program and designed as a single 
ascending dose study to demonstrate safety, acceptability, and feasibility of exceeding pre-established colon 
tissue cell TFV-DP concentration targets (associated with full protection in iPrEx) for one week. Preliminary 
results of DREAM-01 indicate that objectives were met or exceeded (details below). 
DREAM-01 compared three different douche formulations including iso-osmolar Product A (220 mg TFV in 
125 mL normal saline [0.9% NaCl]), iso-osmolar Product B (660 mg TFV in 125 mL normal saline), and 
Product C (660 mg TFV in 125 mL half-normal saline [0.45% NaCl], a hypo-osmolar formulation. Each 
participant received each of the 3 formulations to allow paired comparisons for safety and PK. We enrolled 18 
healthy HIV-uninfected adult MSM, to identify the dose and osmolarity that achieves target colonic tissue cell 
TFV-DP concentrations to exceed iPrEX tissue EC90, based on levels from 4 PO TDF doses/ week. Semi-
intensive sampling of plasma and PBMCs and sparse sampling of rectal fluid and colon tissue was performed. 
Ex vivo explant susceptibility to HIV infection was assessed via colon biopsies, and acceptability was 
assessed via questionnaires and in-depth interviews. A within-subject comparison of safety, PK, PD, 
distribution, & acceptability of 3 TFV douche formulations was conducted. 57 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 29 of 94 
The douche was demonstrated to be safe and well tolerated, with high acceptability to participants. All three 
products were generally well-tolerated. There were three Grade 3 Adverse Events (AE), one in each study 
phase, none of them deemed to be product related. There were a total of two AE’s that were deemed product-
related (rectal dryness and blood-tinged enema effluent, in a participant with history of internal hemorrhoids), 
and both were Grade 1 (See Table 4). Adverse events were also not dose related. 
 
Table 4. Aggregate adverse events and histology results from DREAM-01 (n=18)  
 
  
While on Study 
During Baseline 
During Phase 1 
During Phase 2 
During Phase 3 
No Study Product 
Study Product A 
Study Product B 
Study Product C 
(Visit 2) 
(Visits 3-7) 
(Visit 8-11) 
(Visit 12-16) 
Participants who experienced an AE [3] 
Grade 1 
29 
0 
13 
8 
8 
Grade 2 
14 
1 
8 
2 
3 
Grade 3 
3 
0 
1 
1 
1 
Grade 4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grade 5 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Total 
46 
1 
22 
11 
12 
Total # of AEs reported [8] 
Grade 1 
60 
0 
29 
10 
21 
Grade 2 
20 
1 
10 
2 
7 
Grade 3 
3 
0 
1 
1 
1 
Grade 4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Grade 5 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Total 
83 
1 
40 
13 
29 
 
Histology. Rectal biopsies from baseline (pre-dose) and post-dose at times associated with PK and PD 
sampling (1, 3, 6, 24, 72, and 162 hours) and displayed in Table 5. AE refers to a scale established for 
evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease.  
 
Table 5. Rectal biopsies from baseline (pre-dose) and post-dose at times associated with PK and PD 
sampling (1, 3, 6, 24, 72, and 162 hours) 
Product  
Post-
Dose 
Hours 
N 
Grade 
Epithelial Denudation 
Lamina Propria 
Hemorrhage 
  
  
  
Median (IQR) 
p value* 
Median (IQR) 
p value 
Median (IQR) 
p value 
Baseline 
pre-dose 
21 
0.0 (0.0, 1.0) 
- 
0.0 (0.0, 1.0) 
- 
1.0 (0.0, 1.0) 
- 
A 
1-6 
21 
1.0 (0.0, 1.0) 
0.79 
0.0 (0.0, 1.0) 
1.00 
1.0 (0.0, 1.0) 
1.00 
  
24 
6 
0.5 (0.0, 1.3) 
1.00 
0.0 (0.0, 2.0) 
0.31 
1.0 (1.0, 1.0) 
0.50 
  
72 
8 
0.5 (0.0, 1.0) 
1.00 
0.0 (0.0, 0.0) 
0.63 
0.0 (0.5, 1.0) 
1.00 
  
168 
6 
0.0 (0.0, 0.3) 
1.00 
0.0 (0.0, 0.3) 
1.00 
1.0 (0.0, 1.0) 
1.00 
B 
1-6 
19 
1.0 (0.0, 1.0) 
0.31 
0.0 (0.0, 0.0) 
0.79 
1.0 (0.0, 1.0) 
0.51 
  
24 
6 
1.0 (0.8, 1.0) 
0.75 
1.0 (0.0, 1.0) 
0.50 
1.0 (0.0, 1.0) 
0.63 
  
72 
8 
0.5 (0.0, 1.0) 
1.00 
0.0 (0.0, 0.0) 
1.00 
1.0 (0.0, 1.0) 
1.00 
  
168 
5 
1.0 (0.0, 1.0) 
1.00 
0.0 (0.0, 0.5) 
0.63 
1.0 (1.0, 1.0) 
1.00 
C 
1-6 
16 
0.0 (0.0, 1.0) 
0.69 
0.0 (0.0, 0.8) 
0.59 
1.0 (1.0, 1.0) 
0.22 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 30 of 94 
 
 
Acceptability. All three DREAM Products were found acceptable to participants, including Product C, the 
hypo-osmolar, high dose formulation to be used in this trial. Participants indicated high baseline anticipated 
likelihood of using the products before receptive anal intercourse for HIV prevention, with 15/17 participants 
indicating at baseline that they would be likely or very likely to use such products. 
 
PK-PD. Plasma concentration vs. time course indicates median TFV concentration at all times after the TFV 
douche fall below the median steady-state plasma TFV trough concentrations associated with 4 doses per 
week (HPTN 066 as reference population) (Figure 2). TFV-DP in colon tissue cells extracted from colon 
biopsies vs. time. TFV 660 mg dose, half-normal saline (HNS) achieves similar peak TFV-DP concentrations 
as TFV 660 mg in normal saline (NS) formulation, but the rate of rise is faster based on data one hour after 
dosing. All products provide concentrations within 1 hour after dosing that exceeds the target concentration, 
sustained across the first 24 hours before falling to levels at (TFV 220 mg NS) or several fold above (TFV 
660 mg, NS or HNS) target concentrations by 3 days post-dose. This decline is faster than the TFV-DP decay 
previously observed in PBMCs. Viral p24 antigen (accumulated over 14 days in the tissue supernatant) from 
explants collected after in vivo TFV douche dosing and ex vivo biopsy HIV challenge in tissue culture. The 
median p24 antigen declines to very near lower limit of assay quantitation by 1 hour after dosing where it 
remains until increasing back nearly to baseline values by 72 hours, generally mirroring the TFV-DP colon 
tissue cell TFV-DP pattern. Compared to baseline, the group of all biopsies collected 1-24 hours after dosing 
reduced HIV viral replication in ex vivo colon tissue explants by median (IQR) 0.77 log10 (0.20, 0.81) 
(p<0.01). 
  
 
Figure 2. PK and PD readouts from the DREAM-01 clinical study. All values are median and interquartile range. Upper Left 
Panel. Plasma concentration vs. time course with 4 oral F/TDF doses per week as reference (HPTN 066 as reference population). 
Upper Right Panel. TFV-DP in colon tissue cells extracted from colon biopsies vs. time. Same TFV-DP 4 dose per week 
  
24 
6 
1.0 (1.0, 1.3) 
0.63 
0.5 (0.0, 1.3) 
1.00 
1.0 (0.8, 1.0) 
0.25 
  
72 
6 
0.5 (0.0, 1.0) 
1.00 
0.0 (0.0, 1.0) 
1.00 
0.5 (0.0, 1.0) 
1.00 
  
168 
5 
0.0 (0.0, 0.5) 
1.00 
0.0 (0.0, 0.0) 
1.00 
1.0 (1.0, 1.0) 
1.00 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
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reference for oral F/TDF dosing reference as for plasma. Lower Right Panel. Viral p24 antigen (accumulated over 14 days in the 
tissue supernatant) from explants collected after in vivo TFV douche dosing and ex vivo biopsy HIV challenge in tissue culture. 
 
Summarizing, DREAM-01 provided supportive evidence that a rectal TFV douche provides potential for a 
novel, behaviorally-congruent delivery method for condomless RAI PrEP which is safe, acceptable, and well-
tolerated. In addition, a single dose results in minimal systemic concentrations rapidly (1-3 hrs) reduced HIV 
replication ex vivo in explants. Colon cell TFV-DP concentrations exceeded the steady-state colon tissue cell 
concentrations associated with >90% efficacy (based on modeling iPrEx and smaller pharmacokinetic studies) 
by >10-fold and were higher with each escalation step in a dose-dependent manner (A<B<C). Findings 
support further clinical development of Product C (the formulation planned for DREAM ATN) as on demand, 
behaviorally congruent TFV douche for PrEP. 
DREAM-02 (recruiting, open to enrollment) assesses (objective 1) the effect of a TFV douche before and 
after simulated sex on drug and ejaculate distribution in the GI tract as well as (objective 2) the effect of a 
second non-medicated douche on an initial TFV-medicated douche (given high frequency of multiple 
sequential douches in practice58). Regarding douche-sex sequencing (objective 1), we hypothesize that 
douching after sex will increase the distribution of HIV surrogates within the lower GI tract and may lead to a 
mismatch of drug and HIV surrogate distribution, possibly, reducing rectal douche effectiveness. This 
information will be essential to the design of phase 2 extended safety studies of our TFV douche, especially 
with regard to providing guidance for research participants and study counselors. Regarding the effect of a 
second non-medicated douche (objective 2), we hypothesize that a non-medicated douche will modestly 
reduce the tissue TFV-DP concentrations following a single medicated douche due to luminal displacement 
and colorectal tissue dilution of the prior TFV-medicated dose, similar to observations of the impact of sex on 
TFV-DP in cervicovaginal tissues in MTN-011 59. As such, DREAM-02 will provide data complementary to 
the 3 dose sequences planned for DREAM-03. DREAM-02 is open for enrollment at Johns Hopkins.   
 
DREAM-03 (recruiting, open to enrollment) is the logical multiple dose safety and PK study which follows 
the DREAM-01 single ascending dose study and will be done simultaneously with the DREAM-02 study on 
coital timing. DREAM-03 is currently partially enrolled at Johns Hopkins and will soon be open for 
enrollment at University of Pittsburgh. Behavioral data from the DREAM Project indicates that MSM 
commonly use several sequential douches precoitally, prior to RAI. The effects of several sequential TFV 
douches on tissue integrity, tissue TFV-DP concentrations, plasma concentrations, and other rectal safety 
outcomes are unknown. Furthermore, it is unknown whether douching first with non-medicated douches 
followed by TFV-containing douches (or vice versa) has any impact on safety or tissue concentrations 
achieved. Therefore, DREAM-03 is designed to understand the effects of multiple sequential douche doses on 
safety and PK/PD endpoints. Together DREAM-01, DREAM-02, DREAM-03, and data from other DREAM 
Projects will inform the design and labeling of an optimal TFV douche for further clinical testing. 
 
1.7 
DREAM ATN Design Rationale 
 
According to our working target product profile and our clinical niche as an on demand PrEP product, the 
TFV douche is being developed to provide protective concentrations in colon tissue cells for a similar 
duration as that achieved using the on demand oral F/TDF 2+1+1 regimen demonstrated equally effective 
with daily F/TDF in Ipergay.60  Therefore, sampling for PK and safety will occur over 72 hours based on our 
model-based PK estimates. In addition, we intend to establish the congruence of PK between adult in the 
DREAM studies and the YMSM population to be recruited in this DREAM ATN protocol. Accordingly, we 
propose a slightly shorter total PK sampling duration (3 days) when compared to DREAM-01 (7 days). This 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
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will enable documentation of concentrations throughout the first day when DREAM-01 indicated sustained 
concentrations well above target concentrations in colon tissue cells as well as the initial decay in 
concentration that occurs between 24 and 72 hours when colon tissue TFV-DP median concentration falls 
nearer to the 4 dose per day target concentration.   
 
To achieve these goals, blood (plasma and cells), colon tissue (tissue homogenate and cells), and rectal fluid 
will be collected using a relatively sparse sampling scheme that balances a desire for rich PK data collection 
and feasibility. Altogether, each participant will have 5 pharmacokinetic blood samples, 2 rectal fluid 
samples, and 2 biopsy sessions (up to eight pinch biopsies at baseline and 20 pinch biopsies at one time point 
following dosing) for the enema product studied. The total number of pinch biopsies collected following 
enema formulation dosing (n=20) in adolescents is well below the number collected in adult participants 
(n=120) in DREAM-01.   
 
Pre-dose baseline visit tissue biopsies, plasma and blood will be collected to provide comparisons for pre and 
post dosing in challenge studies and to establish that no oral PrEP is being taken, respectively. After a single 
dose of the TFV douche (previously referred to as Product C in DREAM-01) we will collect samples at pre-
dose, 1, 6, 24, and 72 hours to establish the early rate of increase, peak concentrations, and initial decay of 
TFV and TFV-DP in all matrices. Plasma and PBMC will be collected from each participant at all of these 
timepoints. Rectal fluid sampling is partially destructive of local matrix, so, we are planning only two rectal 
fluid samples per participant in the first 72 hours, with each participant contributing two samples among the 
four blood sampling times (1, 6, 24, and 72 hours). Colon tissue biopsies will be collected at each of these 
times, but each participant will be assigned to only one of these post-dose biopsy times, using a sparse 
sampling approach and population PK analysis.  Aggregate estimates for PK parameters will be used. Non-
linear mixed effect modeling will be attempted, but the total sample size may be insufficient to generate 
robust PK parameter estimates. 
 
Note:  Gastrointestinal (GI) sampling procedures for PK/PD assessment (e.g. anoscopy, flexible 
sigmoidoscopy with biopsy) will not be conducted in participants less than age 18.  Participants older than age 
18 will be prioritized to undergo GI assessment, but if this adversely impacts accrual feasibility, sample 
collection may be limited to plasma/PBMC only. 
  
2. 
STUDY OBJECTIVES 
The global objective of this study is to identify the safety, PK, PD, and acceptability of a single dose of the 
Product C douche. Study objectives and endpoints are summarized in Table 6. 
 
Table 6: Study Objectives and Endpoints 
Objectives 
Endpoints 
Primary 
• To describe YMSM’s acceptability of a novel HIV prevention 
douche, prior to and after using a one-time dose of the TFV 
douche. 
• Questionnaires/CASI 
• In-depth interviews (IDIs) 
• To quantify the colonic tissue cell TFV-DP concentration 
following TFV douche administration among YMSM  
• Colonic tissue cell TFV-DP concentrations at 10-20  cm 
from the anal verge 
• To assess safety of the TFV douche and quantify any 
association with clinical toxicity or adverse events 
• Adverse Events (clinical or laboratory) Grade 2 or 
higher 
Secondary 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 33 of 94 
• To compare systemic, tissue, and luminal PK of TFV and TFV-
DP. 
• Descriptive statistics of analyte-matrix concentration:  
o Plasma TFV  
o PBMC TFV-DP 
o Colon tissue homogenate TFV and TFV-DP  
o Colon tissue total cell (MMC) TFV-DP 
o Rectal fluid TFV concentration 
Exploratory 
• To examine the association of YMSM’s behavioral practices 
on DREAM TFV douche acceptability. 
• Questionnaires/CASI 
• In-depth interviews (IDIs) 
• To explore the impact of the TFV douche on colonic tissue 
infectability with HIV  
• Ex vivo explant challenge with evaluation of p24 antigen 
production in infected biopsies. 
• To explore the impact of the TFV douche on various tissue-
level outcomes including histology and the regional microbial 
community of the colon 
• Colon biopsy histology 
• 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing 
• Changes in relative abundance of microbiota before 
and after dosing  
 
2.1 Primary Objectives 
Acceptability 
To describe YMSM’s acceptability of a novel HIV prevention douche, prior to and after using a one-time 
dose of the Product C douche. 
 
Pharmacokinetics 
To quantify the colonic tissue cell TFV-DP concentration following TFV douche administration among 
YMSM 
 
Safety 
To assess safety of the TFV douche product and quantify any association with clinical toxicity or adverse 
events 
 
2.2 Primary Endpoints 
 
Acceptability 
Participant self-report of product acceptability, liking the product, and likelihood of use in the context of 
receptive anal intercourse 
 
Pharmacokinetics 
Colon tissue MMC TFV-DP concentrations from 1 hr to 72 hours post-dose 
 
Safety 
Adverse Events Grade 2 or higher clinical and laboratory adverse events as defined by the Division of AIDS 
Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events, Version 2.1 dated Jul 2017 and 
Addendum 3, Rectal Grading Table for Use in Microbicide Studies.  
 
2.3 Secondary Objectives 
Systemic, tissue, and luminal PK of TFV and TFV-DP 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 34 of 94 
To compare systemic, tissue, and luminal PK of TFV and TFV-DP in multiple matrices, including plasma, 
PBMC’s, colon tissue, and rectal fluid. 
 
2.4 Secondary Endpoints 
Descriptive statistics of analyte-matrix concentration:  
o 
Plasma TFV  
o 
PBMC TFV-DP 
o 
Colon tissue homogenate TFV and TFV-DP  
o 
Colon tissue total cell (MMC) TFV-DP 
o 
Rectal fluid TFV concentration 
 
2.5 Exploratory Objectives 
Behavioral 
To examine the association of YMSM’s behavioral practices on TFV douche acceptability. 
 
Ex Vivo 
To explore the impact of the TFV douche on colonic tissue infectability with HIV 
 
Histology 
To explore the impact of the TFV douche on various tissue-level outcomes including histology and the 
regional microbial community of the colon 
 
2.6 Exploratory Endpoints 
Behavioral 
Participants’ self-reported prior experiences and comfort using rectal products, as well as douching or other 
rectal hygiene practices.  
 
Participants’ self-reported reactions to the study product and administration method, including perceptions of 
their partners’ reactions and future intentions to use product with partners before sex.  
 
ExVivo 
Ex vivo colon tissue explant HIV challenge 
 
Histology 
Colon tissue histology semi-quantitative scoring system reflecting extent of columnar epithelium loss 
 
Microbiome 
Colon microbiota will be characterized using 16 S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Changes in relative 
abundance of microbiota before and after product dosing. 
 
 
 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 35 of 94 
3. 
STUDY DESIGN 
The purpose of the overall study is to ensure the inclusion of adolescent and young adults’ perspectives as 
next generation biomedical prevention, specifically a rectal douche (TFV microbicide; 660mg TFV in 125mL 
half-normal saline), during its clinical testing and development for safety and efficacy.  
 
We will recruit YMSM who have expressed interest in being contacted to screen for eligibility into a Phase I 
HIV prevention biomedical trial. We expect to initially consent and screen 48 YMSM living in the greater 
Baltimore Metropolitan Area to enroll 16 evaluable participants. YMSM who are willing and cleared to 
participate in the Trial visit will be asked to use a single dose of the TFV douche at the Hopkins study site. 
Prior to using the douche, baseline samples (see Appendix 1) will be collected to establish pre-dose conditions 
for safety assessments as well as sample collection for TFV analyte concentration in multiple matrices for 
participants taking oral TDF/FTC PrEP. These concentrations will be used to adjust post-dose PK and PD 
assessments. Participants will also complete a post-dose survey and an in-depth interview (IDI) regarding 
product acceptability and experiences participating in the study at their termination visit. 
 
As a second aim of this protocol, we will also conduct in-depth interviews with individuals who choose not to 
participate in the Phase I Safety Trial or who were not eligible after medical screening (N=32) in order to 
examine perceived barriers and facilitators to their willingness to participate in biomedical trials, and examine 
their suggestions to maximize YMSM’s engagement in future biomedical trials. 
 
Note:  Gastrointestinal (GI) sampling procedures for PK/PD assessment (e.g. anoscopy, flexible 
sigmoidoscopy with biopsy) will not be conducted in participants less than age 18. Participants older than 
age 18 will be prioritized to undergo GI assessment, but if this adversely impacts accrual feasibility, sample 
collection may be limited to plasma/PBMC only.  
  
 
3.1 
Study Population & Recruitment 
Participants will be between 15-24 years old HIV-negative YMSM living in the Baltimore area. We expect 
that, at a minimum, a third of the sample screened will identify as a racial/ethnic minority. We will use both 
face-to-face recruitment through ongoing events and clinic referrals, as well as online advertisements through 
social media recruitment. The combined recruitment strategy has yielded great success in prior behavioral and 
biomedical trials, and is considered the standard for recruiting diverse samples of YMSM. 
 
3.2 
Sample Size 
 
We will recruit 48 YMSM who gave permission to be contacted and expressed initial interest in an in-person 
Screening Visit. These 48 YMSM come from a larger online survey (n=500) focused on YMSM’s willingness 
to participate in biomedical trials. We will then aim to screen and consent approximately 48 YMSM in-person 
to enroll 16 YMSM for the Phase I Safety Trial.  
 
3.3 
Time to Complete Accrual 
Accrual is expected to be complete within approximately 9 months. 
 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
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3.4 
Expected Duration of Participation 
Each participant will be on study for approximately 2-3 months. The total duration of the study will be 
approximately 1 year. (Note: This is contingent upon meeting stated Product target concentrations.) 
3.5 
Study Randomization, Stratification, or Description of Non-Random Assignment Procedures 
This is an open-label, unblinded study. In order to assure that sparse sampling for tissue drug concentrations is 
evenly distributed among the study population, each research participant will be randomized and assigned a 
specific sampling schedule.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 37 of 94 
4. 
STUDY POPULATION 
The inclusion and exclusion criteria in Sections 4.1 and 4.2 will be used to ensure the appropriate selection of 
study participants. 
 
4.1 
Inclusion Criteria 
• 
Between the ages of 15-24 at Screening  
• 
Cisgender male who has sex with other men  
• 
Willing and able to communicate in English  
• 
Willing and able to provide informed consent to take part in the study  
• 
Participant demonstrates capacity to comprehend, evaluate, reason, and express a choice about their 
participation in study  
• 
For youth ages 15-17, have parent or caregiver consent to take part in the study 
• 
Willing and able to provide adequate locator information  
• 
Express initial interest in participating in a douching study  
• 
Understand and agree to local HIV/STI reporting requirements  
• 
HIV-1 uninfected at screening as documented by HIV-1 antigen/antibody 4th generation testing 
• 
Willingness and availability to attend all study visits, barring unforeseen circumstances  
• 
Per participant report at screening, consensual RAI in prior 6 months  
• 
Live in or around the Baltimore area.  
• 
Willing to abstain from insertion of anything (drug/medication, digits, penis, object, sex toy, or 
douche) into the anorectum for 72 hours before and after each study visit and 7 days after the biopsy 
collection.  
• 
Willing to refrain from aspirin, vitamins and herbal supplements, and NSAID use for one week before 
and after each study biopsy visit  
• 
Agrees not to participate in other research studies involving drugs and/ or medical devices for the 
study’s duration  
 
4.2 
Exclusion Criteria 
• 
Participation in research studies involving drugs, medical devices, genital products, or vaccines within 
30 days of the Enrollment Visit. 
• 
History of Hepatitis B infection, as documented by positive HBsAg at screening  
• 
≥ Grade 2 laboratory abnormality at baseline as defined by Division of AIDS Table for Grading the 
Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events, Corrected Version 2.1 - July 2017, and Addendum 3 
(Rectal Grading Tables for Use in Microbicide Studies)  
• 
Self-report of having used TDF 300 mg/FTC 200 mg (Truvada
®) or TAF 25 mg/FTC 200 mg 
(Descovy
®) as HIV PrEP or Truvada as PEP within three weeks of dosing visit. Note: Plasma 
TFV/FTC concentrations will be measured at the Enrollment Visit (Visit 2). Participants with 
quantifiable plasma tenofovir/emtricitabine concentrations will not proceed to the tenofovir douche 
administration and pharmacokinetic sampling portion of the protocol.  These participants may 
continue to participate in the In-Depth Interview portion of the protocol. 
• 
 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 38 of 94 
• 
Significant colorectal symptom(s) as determined by medical history or by participant self-report 
(including but not limited to presence of any unresolved injury, infectious or inflammatory condition 
of the local mucosa, history of inflammatory bowel disease, presence of symptomatic hemorrhoids, 
and presence of any painful anorectal conditions that would be tender to manipulation)  
• 
At screening: participant- reported symptoms and/or clinical or laboratory diagnosis of active rectal 
infection requiring treatment per current CDC guidelines. Infections requiring treatment include 
Chlamydia (CT), gonorrhea (GC), syphilis, active HSV lesions, chancroid, genital sores or ulcers, and, 
if clinically indicated, genital warts. HSV seropositivity with no active genital lesions is not an 
exclusion criterion. (Note: Allow one re-screening after documented treatment (30 days) in cases 
where urethral and/or rectal GC/CT identified at screening. Individuals with newly diagnosed syphilis 
may re-screen with documented evidence of adequate treatment).  
• 
History of an underlying clinically significant cardiac arrhythmia or renal disease (including creatinine 
clearance <60 mL/min using Cockcroft-Gault equation)  
• 
Serum phosphate < 2.3 mg/dL  
• 
History of significant gastrointestinal bleeding  
• 
Current use of warfarin or heparin or other anticoagulant medications associated with increased risk 
for bleeding following mucosal biopsy (Daily high dose aspirin [>81 mg], or NSAIDs may be allowed if 
in the judgement of the investigator the medications may be safely withheld prior to flexible sigmoidoscopy)  
• 
Use of systemic or anorectal immunomodulatory medications within 4 weeks of enrollment or planned 
use at any time during study participation  
• 
Per participant report, use of any rectally administered products containing N-9 (including condoms) 
or investigational products within 4 weeks of enrollment, or planned use of either at any time during 
study participation  
• 
Known allergic reaction to TFV or other components of the test articles  
• 
Current known HIV-positive partner(s)  
• 
History of recurrent urticaria  
• 
Symptoms suggestive of acute HIV seroconversion at screening and enrollment  
• 
Any other condition or prior therapy that, in the opinion of the investigator, would preclude informed 
consent, make study participation unsafe, make the individual unsuitable for the study or unable to 
comply with the study requirements.  
4.3 
Recruitment  
Potential study participants will be recruited from an ATN online survey focused on YMSM’s willingness to 
participate in biomedical trials. Briefly, this online survey is recruiting 500 cisgender men ages 15 to 24 who 
report same-sex attractions and behaviors and who live in the greater Baltimore Metropolitan Area. Once 
consented online, participants complete a series of domains including demographics (such as race/ethnicity, 
income, and education level), general mood, overall health, and sexual health behaviors. After completing the 
survey, participants are asked whether they would like to be contacted to learn more about future HIV 
prevention trials. Only those who agree to be recontacted will be screened for eligibility into a Phase I HIV 
prevention biomedical trial. The Hopkins site staff will contact potential participants and invite them to an in-
person screening visit. We foresee needing to screen about 48 YMSM to yield an enrollment of 16 YMSM 
who have consented, are eligible and able to complete the study visits of our Phase I clinical trial. 
 
We will make every effort to ensure that we carryover the diversity of our sample for the biomedical trial. For 
example, site staff will prioritize the outreach to racial/ethnic minority YMSM when they call to schedule the 
initial in-person visit. We expect that, at a minimum, a third of the sample screening in-person at the initial 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
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site visit will identify as a racial/ethnic minority. By prioritizing the scheduling for racial/ethnic minority 
YMSM, we will be able to medical screen a larger proportion of racial/ethnic minority YMSM. Addressing 
structural challenges keeping YMSM from participating in a biomedical trial. We also recognize that 
racial/ethnic minority YMSM in Baltimore may also be more likely to experience greater socioeconomical 
barriers to study participation. To facilitate YMSM’s ability to circumvent challenges to participating in the 
biomedical trial, we also have created financial support systems to offset structural barriers (e.g., paying for 
transportation, meals and an overnight stay). This is crucial as we recognize that racial/ethnic YMSM may 
require more time to successfully enroll in the DREAM Phase I trial (e.g., require time to re-screen if treated 
for STIs given the greater HIV/STI incidence in the community).   
 
4.4 
Retention 
Once participants enroll in this study, the study site will make every effort to retain them for the duration of 
follow-up in order to minimize possible bias associated with loss-to-follow-up. A retention rate of 90% will 
be targeted. The study staff is responsible for developing and implementing local standard operating 
procedures to target this goal.  Components of such procedures include: 
 
• 
Thorough explanation of the study visit schedule and procedural requirements during the informed 
consent process, and re-emphasis at each study visit 
• 
Thorough explanation of the importance and inter-relatedness of all the product dose and sampling 
phases to the overall success of the study 
• 
Use of appropriate and timely visit reminder mechanisms (via email and/or telephone/text) 
• 
Immediate and multifaceted follow-up (i.e. phone/text, email, and/or any other communication 
methods available at the disposal of site’s study staff) on missed visits 
• 
The protocol principal investigator in consultation with the site investigator will determine if research 
participants who fail to complete all biopsy collection sessions should be replaced. Replacement 
subjects would be assigned the same sampling schedule as the subject they are replacing. 
• 
Any participant with quantifiable plasma TFV/FTC or peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) TFV-
DP/FTC-TP concentrations at the Enrollment Visit (Visit 2) will be replaced.   Participants with 
quantifiable plasma tenofovir/emtricitabine concentrations at Visit 2 will not proceed to the tenofovir 
douche administration and pharmacokinetic sampling portion of the protocol. PBMC TFV-DP/FTC-
TP concentrations will be measured periodically.  Participants with quantifiable TFV/DP/FTC-TP 
concentrations may continue to the TFV douche administration and pharmacokinectic sampling 
portion of the protocol, but may be replaced once the PBMC TFV-DP/FTC-TP results are available. 
 


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4.5 
Co-enrollment guidelines 
As indicated in Section 4.2, participants must not take part in other research studies involving drugs, medical 
devices, genital or rectal products, or vaccines after the Screening Visit and while taking part in ATN DREAM 
unless approved by the Safety and Monitoring Committee (SMC). Should any participant report concurrent 
participation in contraindicated studies after enrolling in ATN DREAM, the IoR/designee will consult the SMC 
regarding potential safety considerations associated with co-enrollment. 
 
 


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5. 
STUDY PRODUCT 
Tenofovir Enemas in JHU Research Unit 
 
The tenofovir douche will contain TFV 660 mg in 125 mL hypo-osmolar solution at half the osmolarity of 
iso-osmolar solution. The compounded formulations will be placed in commercially available 125 mL enema 
bottles. The enema bottles to be used are intended for single-use only and are disposable. 
 
5.1 Administration 
 
Each research unit dose of the study product will be administered by a study site investigator or a designated 
sub-investigator. After douche dosing, research participants will be instructed to retain the fluid without 
defecation for five minutes, if possible. Five minutes following douche administration by study staff, research 
participants will be instructed to expel the douche contents. The time of the douche expulsion will be 
recorded.  The douche effluent will be collected and volume measured so that a single 1 mL sample of this 
effluent may be assessed for TFV concentration. The results will be volume and dose-corrected (based on 
administered dose) to establish the % retention of the enema volume post-expulsion.  Any deviations or 
occurrences of note during product administration will be noted in the participant study record.   
 
5.2 Study Product 
 
Tenofovir (PMPA,9-[(R)-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl] adenine monohydrate) is a nucleotide analogue 
belonging to the class of acyclic phosphonomethylether nucleotides with potent activity against retroviruses. 
Study product should be stored at room temperature 25ºC (77°F). After the pharmacist has prepared 150 mL 
of the enema solution, 20-25 mL of the solution will be placed in a container and sent to the University of 
Pittsburgh/Magee Women’s Research Institute for tenofovir identity/assay, osmolality and pH testing. 
 
The ATN Dream Product contains TFV 660 mg in 125 mL hypo-osmolar solution at half the osmolarity of iso-
osmolar solution. This study product will be administered in the research unit at Visit 3. 
 
5.3 Study Product Supply and Accountability 
5.3.1  Product supply 
 
The tenofovir douches will be compounded at the study site pharmacy (JHU). The Pharmacy Procedures 
Manual will specify the detailed compounding instructions. A designated Pharmacist of Record (PoR) will be 
available at the study site.  At JHU, the PoR will also be the compounding pharmacist in the designated 
compounding areas. The enemas may be prepared in advance within the established guidelines based on 
available stability data. The API will be provided by CONRAD and sent directly to the site PoR or the 
compounding pharmacist.   
 
Where possible, all raw materials will be provided from the same manufactured lot. The raw materials will be 
provided in bulk and will require measurement at each enema preparation. The raw materials (Table 7) that 
will be provided to each site for preparation of research unit enemas include: 
Table 7. Study drug supply raw materials 
Material 
Raw Material Appearance 
Tenofovir 
White powder 
Sodium chloride, NF                        
Pellets 


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Sodium hydroxide, 18% (w/v)         
White granular powder 
0.1N HCl                                          
Colorless clear solution 
0.1N NaOH                                      
Colorless clear solution 
 
5.3.2  Product accountability 
 
All study products will be available to the study staff through the designated site pharmacy or compounding 
pharmacy, once they have been labeled appropriately by the PoR. The PoR is required to maintain complete 
records of all study products received and dispensed.  
 
5.4 Study Product Dispensing 
 
Study products will be dispensed from the pharmacy to the designated study staff for an enrolled participant 
only upon receipt of a written prescription from an authorized prescriber as noted on the FDA 1572 form.  
Pre-procedural cleansing enemas will be administered by study participants. Study product enemas will be 
administered to subjects by study staff, in order to ensure maximal retention of study product in the desired 
anatomic compartment, and maximum comparability.  
 
5.5 Adherence to Administration Guidelines 
 
Research unit doses of study product will be administered either by the study site investigator or a designated 
co-investigator, with time of administration recorded in the study chart and on the CRF.  Anything of note 
during this process will be recorded in the source documents.  
 
5.6 Concomitant Medications and Procedures 
 
With the exception of medications listed as prohibited, enrolled study participants may use concomitant 
medications during study participation.  All concomitant medications, over-the-counter preparations, vitamins 
and nutritional supplements, and herbal preparations reported throughout the course of the study will be 
recorded in the source documents and on case report forms designated for that purpose. 
 
5.7 Prohibited Medications and Procedures 
 
Participants will be advised to refrain from RAI or any practices which include rectal insertion of any product, 
including those used during sexual intercourse (drug/medication, penis, other objects, sex toy, or enema) for 
72 hours before and after the research unit study product dose and 7 days after each flexible sigmoidoscopy 
with biopsy collection. 
 
Study participants will be prohibited from using the following medications throughout the study period: 
heparin (including Lovenox®), warfarin, Plavix® (clopidogrel bisulfate), immunomodulary medications, 
rectally administered products containing N-9 (including over-the-counter products), or investigational 
products. Other drugs, such as aspirin or NSAIDS that are associated with increased likelihood of bleeding 
following mucosal biopsy, should be restricted for use prior to flexible sigmoidoscopy as required by clinical 
guidelines. 
 


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Based on the tenofovir U.S. prescribing information, concomitant use of tenofovir with medications that 
decrease renal function or compete for active tubular secretion may increase concentrations of tenofovir or 
other renally eliminated medications. Therefore, oral PrEP in the prior 21 days (based on self-report) will not 
be allowed. 
 
If participants report using any of these medications or products while on study or within the specified time 
frame noted, their study participation will be put on hold, pending discussions with study site investigator, 
DREAM Program Chair who is the IND Sponsor, and/or the study medical officer. Study staff will actively 
review medication use with each research participant during screening and throughout study participation. 
Participants will also be queried as to their adherence regarding insertion of rectal products 72 hours before 
and after study product exposure and 7 days after each biopsy collection visit. 
 
5.8 Recommended Procedures 
 
Condoms are recommended for use by all participants enrolled in this study.  The study site will provide male 
condoms to participants in quantities expected to be sufficient for the study period.  These condoms will not 
be coated with any type of spermicide. Using condoms provided by the study will be recommended for all 
sexual encounters during the study period.  In the event that a participant needs additional supply of condoms 
between visits, he may request these from study sites at any time. If, after completing the study, the study 
participant wishes to receive prescribed oral HIV PrEP, the study team will assist with making a referral to an 
appropriate clinical provider.  
 
 


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6. 
STUDY PROCEDURES 
6.1 Study overview 
 
This section includes information on visit-specific study procedures. An overview of the study visits and 
evaluations is available in protocol Appendix I:  Schedule of Events. Unless otherwise specified, the 
laboratory procedures listed in this section are performed at the local study site laboratories. 
 
As needed per institutional policy, participants may be required to undergo COVID-19 symptom screening 
prior to all visits.  If a participant screening is positive, the participant will be tested for COVID-19.  
Additionally, participants may be required to undergo pre-procedure COVID-19 testing within 72hrs of any 
biopsy visit.  If the screening or pre-procedure results indicate COVID infection, the study visit (including the 
procedure visit) will be canceled. If negative, the participant will be allowed to move forward. Positives will 
be able to move forward once cleared.  
 
 
Figure 3. ATN Dream Study Visit Schedule 
 
6.2 
Recruitment: Pre-Screening 
 
We will recruit YMSM who have expressed interest in being contacted to screen for eligibility into a Phase I 
HIV prevention biomedical trial. As part of participant outreach and recruitment strategies, study staff can 
pre-screen potential study participants at either on-site or off-site locations. During these interactions, study 
staff may explain the study to potential participants and ascertain elements of presumptive eligibility (e.g., 
willingness to use the study products, willingness to adhere to the study requirements, etc.), to be confirmed at 
an on-site screening visit. Process information (e.g., number of potential participants contacted, number 
presumptively eligible) may be recorded and stored at the study site. Procedures and documentation will 
comply with local IRB requirements. Participants will be asked to share their contact information and 
preferred mode of communication so that study team members can schedule an in-person Screening visit at 
Johns Hopkins University. Eligible YMSM will be contacted by site staff to schedule an in-person visit at the 
ATN site. To be accommodating to the needs of young participants, multiple visits may be scheduled to 
complete all required screening procedures, if necessary. 
 
6.3   
Visit 1: Screening Visit 
 
A Screening Visit will take place up to 45 days prior to the Enrollment Visit. The study team will explain the 
procedures for the Phase I Safety and Acceptability Trial, and answer questions from prospective participants.  


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
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At this visit, YMSM (n≈48) will be consented to participate in Screening Procedures, which includes HIV/STI 
testing, and a brief, online survey regarding their sexual behaviors, prior experiences and comfort using rectal 
products, and douching or other rectal hygiene practices. Only participants who consent to participating in the 
Phase I trial will then undergo a medical exam. It is important to underscore that participants receive risk 
reduction counseling as part of both screening and enrollment procedures, including condoms and lube and 
discussion with site staff about daily oral PrEP.    
 
YMSM who are <18 years old must be accompanied by a parent/guardian at this visit. Written informed 
consent will be obtained at the screening before any procedures are initiated.  For participants who do not 
meet the eligibility criteria, screening will be discontinued once ineligibility is determined. Participants not 
meeting the eligibility criteria may be rescreened later, if appropriate, as in the case of a concomitant 
medication washout period. In such cases, the length of the washout period will be determined by the PI based 
on safety considerations and the elimination half-life of the concomitant medication. Screening labs may be 
repeated to determine eligibility.  
• YMSM consenting and found to be evaluable for participation in the Phase I Trial (n≈16) will be 
scheduled for their Dosing visit once all HIV/STI labs have been confirmed, leaving no more than 45 days 
between the Screening and Baseline visits.  
• YMSM not interested in enrolling or not eligible for enrollment in the Clinical Trial (n≈32) will be invited to 
participate in an online-facilitated in-depth interview (IDI) as part of the Screening visit (though not 
required to be completed on the same day as screening procedures). This interview will examine concerns, 
perceived barriers and challenges when invited to participate in a biomedical clinical trial to inform efforts 
focused on their engagement in future trials. The IDI will be conducted by a trained interviewer located at 
UPenn using video-conferencing.  
• YMSM whose HIV tests are reactive will not be interviewed or be able to participate in the Phase I trial. 
The site staff will focus on linking these individuals to HIV-related care.  
 
The following activities (Table 8) will take place at the in-person screening visit: 
Table 8: Visit 1 – Screening Visit 
Component 
Procedure/Analysis 
Administrative 
 
• 
Obtain written informed consent 
• 
Assess eligibility 
• 
Obtain demographic and locator information 
• 
Provide counseling and condoms: 
o 
HIV/STI risk reduction counseling 
o 
HIV pre- and post- test counseling 
o 
Provide a copy of pre- and post- visit reminders 
o 
Participant education: flexible sigmoidoscopy procedure with biopsy & rectal 
fluid collections 
Clinical 
• 
Obtain complete medical history, documenting pre-existing conditions 
• 
Review and record concomitant medications 
• 
Perform general physical exam  
• 
Obtain vital signs – blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), temperature (temp), height, 
and weight 
Safety Labs and STI Screening*: 
blood 
• 
Collect blood specimens for: 
o 
Complete Blood Count (CBC) with differential 
o 
Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP), PO4 
o 
HBsAg  
o 
HIV-1antigen/antibody 4th generation testing (confirmatory tests as needed) 
o 
Syphilis testing (confirmatory test as needed) 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
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*Screening laboratory values are valid up to 45 days.   
6.4 
Visit 2 - Enrollment Visit (Day 0) 
Visit 2 must take place ≤45 days after Visit 1. If more than 45 days pass before Visit 2, participants will need 
to be re-screened and re-consented. If deemed eligible based on the results from the screening procedures, 
participants will be contacted to schedule an Enrollment visit and asked to refrain from RAI and the insertion 
of anything in their anorectum for 72 hours prior to the visit. YMSM will complete a baseline web-survey 
examining questions on participants’ prior experiences and comfort using rectal products, as well as douching 
or other rectal hygiene practices.  
 
Baseline samples (see Appendix 1) will be collected to establish pre-dose conditions for safety assessments as 
well as sample collection for TFV analyte concentration in multiple matrices for participants taking oral 
TDF/FTC PrEP. Prior to proceeding to Visit 3 (Dosing Visit), the participant’s plasma will be analyzed for 
tenofovir/emtricitabine. Individuals with quantifiable tenofovir/emtricitabine concentrations will be excluded 
from participation in the tenofovir douche administration and pharmacokinetic sampling. 
These concentrations will be used to adjust post-dose PK and PD assessments. The following activities (Table 
9) will take place at the Enrollment visit:   
 
Safety Labs and STI Screening*: 
urine and rectal 
• 
Collect urine for toxicology screen 
• 
Collect urine sample for GC/CT (NAAT) 
• 
Collect rectal swab for GC/CT (NAAT) 
• 
Collect swab for HSV, if ulcerations are present on exam 
Behavioral 
• 
YMSM not interested in or not eligible for enrollment, In-depth interview regarding 
future participation in HIV biomedical trials 


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Table 9: Visit 2 – Enrollment Visit  
Component 
Procedure/Analysis 
Administrative 
 
• 
Confirm participant understood and signed informed consent 
• 
Review/update locator information 
• 
Confirm eligibility 
• 
Ensure participant complied with pre-visit instructions  
• 
Provide counseling and condoms: 
o 
HIV/STI risk reduction counseling 
o 
Provide a copy of pre- and post- visit reminders 
o 
Participant education: flexible sigmoidoscopy procedure with biopsy & rectal fluid 
collections 
Clinical 
• 
Review/update medical history 
• 
Review/update concomitant medications 
• 
Complete AE assessment 
• 
Review any available test results 
• 
Perform symptom-directed physical exam, including rectal exam, as needed 
• 
Collect vital signs (HR, BP, temp) 
Safety Labs: blood 
• 
HIV-1 antigen/antibody 4th generation testing (confirmatory tests as needed) 
Cleansing Enema 
• 
Cleansing enema will be administered, in preparation for flexible sigmoidoscopy 
Blood for PK, 
Plasma and PBMC 
• 
Plasma and PBMC’s collected to measure baseline TFV/FTC concentrations 
Rectal specimens for 
PD and Histology 
(Not conducted in 
participants < age 18; 
Prioritized for 
participants age 18 
and above) 
• 
COVID-19 sigmoidoscopy pre-screening per institutional policy 
• 
Perform flexible sigmoidoscopy with biopsy collection for explant evaluation/histology/banking  
Behavioral 
• 
Participant will complete Baseline Behavioral Survey  
Note: The Baseline Behavioral Survey may be completed at any time from the enrollment visit 
(Visit 2) until just prior to TFV douche dosing om Day 1 (Visit 3). 
 
 
 
 


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6.5 
Visit 3 - Dosing Visit (Day 1) 
Visit 3 must take place > 7 days and ≤21 days after Visit 2 (the Enrollment Visit) and ≤45 days from the 
Screening Visit 1. Prior to using the TFV douche, baseline samples (see Appendix 1) will be collected to 
establish pre-dose conditions for safety assessments as well as sample collection for TFV analyte 
concentration in multiple matrices for participants taking oral TDF/FTC PrEP. These concentrations will be 
used to adjust post-dose PK and PD assessments. 
 
YMSM will then receive a dose of the TFV douche at the research unit, and, asked to retain the douche 
without defecation for 5 minutes, if possible. Subsequently, participants will be instructed on how to expel the 
douche contents. The amount of time that the douche was retained and the volume of expelled effluent will be 
measured. Post-dose observations and data collection will follow at 1, 6, 24 and 72 hours, using a sparse 
sampling design in which paired plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are collected at all 
PK sampling times.  
 
Participants are assigned to a single time point for flexible sigmoidoscopy with rectal biopsies at either 1,6, 
24, or 72 hours after dosing (thus, providing 4 subjects at each time point). Anoscopy, with rectal fluid 
collection will occur pre-dose and at either 1, 6, 24, or 72 hours after dosing, coinciding with each 
participant’s flexible sigmoidoscopy.  Microbiome specimens will be collected via anoscopy pre-dose and at 
24 hrs post-dose.  
 
Between sampling windows, YMSM will complete a web-survey examining their perceived reactions and 
comfort using the study douche, factors influencing product use in the future, and comfort with the trial 
procedures. The survey will be administered after dosing, but scheduled not to interfere with other study 
assessments. Sampling for safety, PK, PD, and acceptability assessments will be collected according to a 
schedule of events (see Appendix 1). A summary of the proposed activities to take place at this visit is noted 
below:   
 
 
 


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Table 10: Visit 3 –Dosing Visit (Day 1)  
Component 
Procedure/Analysis 
Administrative 
 
• 
Confirm participant understood and signed informed consent 
• 
Review/update locator information 
• 
Confirm eligibility 
• 
Ensure participant complied with pre-visit instructions  
• 
Provide counseling and condoms: 
o 
HIV/STI risk reduction counseling 
o 
Provide a copy of pre- and post- visit reminders 
o 
Participant education: flexible sigmoidoscopy procedure with biopsy (for participants assigned 
to 24 hr sampling) & rectal fluid collections  
Clinical 
• 
Review/update medical history 
• 
Review/update concomitant medications 
• 
Review any available test results 
• 
Perform symptom-directed physical exam, including rectal exam, as needed 
• 
Complete AE assessment 
• 
Collect vital signs (HR, BP, temp) 
Safety Labs: blood 
• Collect blood specimens for 
o 
CBC with differential  
o 
CMP 
o 
HIV-1 antigen/antibody 4th generation testing (confirmatory tests as needed) 
• 
If indicated, syphilis (confirmatory tests as needed) 
Safety Labs1: urine 
and rectal  
• 
Collect urine sample for GC/CT (NAAT), if indicated 
• 
Collect rectal swab for GC/CT (NAAT), if indicated 
• Collect swab for HSV, if indicated 
Study Product 
Administration  
• 
Investigator or designated sub-investigator will administer study product to participants 
Blood for PK, 
plasma, and PBMC  
• 
Pre-Dose (within 30 min prior to dosing) 
• 
Post-Dose:** 
o 
1 hr ± 15 min 
o 
6 hr ± 60 min 
Rectal Specimens: 
Douche effluent 
• 
Collected to measure volume and TFV/FTC concentration 
Rectal Specimens: 
Biopsies for PK/PD, 
histology 
(age 18 and above 
only) 
• 
COVID-19 sigmoidoscopy pre-screening per institutional policy 
• 
Perform flexible sigmoidoscopy with biopsy collection at 1 hr ± 40 min, or 6 hr ± 40 min post-dose 
per each participant’s designated specimen collection schedule **  
Rectal Specimens: 
Rectal Fluid for PK 
(Not conducted in 
participants < age 18; 
Prioritized for 
participants age 18 
and above) 
and Microbiome 
(collected in all 
participants)***  
• 
Collect rectal swab for microbiome assessment 
• 
Collect rectal fluid pre-dose for all participants and at 1 hr (± 15 min) or 6 hr (± 60 min) post-
dose per each participant’s designated specimen collection schedule**  
Behavioral 
• 
Participant will complete Research Unit Dose Acceptability Questionnaire 
1 Safety labs will be drawn prior to dosing and initiation of any specimen collections.  


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* Post-dose PK collection time points are approximate. Every effort will be made to adhere to the timeline, however, due to 
logistics, timing will not be exact and specimen collections may be missed (i.e. during biopsy collection). **Biopsies taken 
depend on participant’s individual sampling schedule 
** Biopsies and post-dose rectal fluid collection taken depend on participant’s individual sampling schedule 
*** Microbiome and rectal fluid collection should be done prior to dosing or enema administration and microbiome collection should 
precede rectal fluid collection. 
  
 6.6 
Visit 4 – 24 hour Sampling Visit (Day 2) and Visit 5 - 72 hour Sampling Visit (Day 4) 
Visit 4 takes place the day after dosing study product (Day 2) and Visit 5 takes place on third day after the 
dosing of study product (Day 4). Visit 4 and 5 takes place in the research unit.  The following activities will 
be completed at these visits: 


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Table 11: Visit 4 (Day 2) and Visit 5 (Day 4)– Sampling Visit  
Component 
Procedure/Analysis (Day 2) 
Procedure/Analysis (Day 4) 
Administrative 
 
• 
Review/update locator information 
• 
Ensure participants complied with pre-visit 
instructions  
• 
Provide counseling and condoms: 
o 
HIV/STI risk reduction counseling 
o 
Provide a copy of pre- and post- visit 
reminders 
o 
Participant education: flexible 
sigmoidoscopy procedure with biopsy 
& rectal fluid collections  
• 
Review/update locator information 
• 
Ensure participants complied with pre-visit 
instructions  
• 
Provide counseling and condoms: 
o 
HIV/STI risk reduction counseling 
o 
Provide a copy of pre- and post- visit 
reminders 
• 
Participant education: flexible 
sigmoidoscopy procedure with biopsy & 
rectal fluid collections  
Clinical 
• 
Review/update medical history 
• 
Review/update concomitant medications 
• 
Review any available test results 
• 
Complete AE assessment 
• 
Perform symptom-directed physical exam, 
including rectal exam, as needed 
• 
 
• 
Review/update medical history 
• 
Review/update concomitant medications 
• 
Review any available test results 
• 
Complete AE assessment 
• 
Perform symptom-directed physical exam, 
including rectal exam, as needed 
• 
 
Blood for PK, plasma, and 
PBMC  
• 
24 ± 2 hr post-dose blood draw 
• 
72 ± 4 hr post-dose blood draw 
Cleansing Enema (Not 
conducted in participants < 
age 18; Prioritized to 
participants age 18 and above) 
N/A 
Cleansing enema will be administered, in 
preparation for flexible sigmoidoscopy 
Rectal Specimens: Biopsies 
for PK/PD 
(Not conducted in participants 
< age 18; Prioritized for 
participants age 18 and above) 
• 
Perform flexible sigmoidoscopy with 
biopsy collection at 24 ± 2 hrs post-dose 
per each participant’s designated specimen 
collection schedule (moderate sedation 
may be used for pediatric participants less 
than 18 years) 
• 
Perform flexible sigmoidoscopy with 
biopsy collection at 72 ± 4 hrs post-dose 
per each participant’s designated specimen 
collection schedule (moderate sedation 
may be used for pediatric participants less 
than 18 years) 
Rectal Specimens: Rectal 
Fluid for PK measurement 
(Not conducted in participants 
< age 18; Prioritized for 
participants age 18 and above) 
and microbiomeassessment* 
(collected in all participants) 
• 
Collect rectal fluid at 24 ± 2 hr  
• 
Collect rectal swab for microbiome 
assessment* 
• 
Collect rectal fluid at 72 ± 4 hr post-dose 
per each participant’s designated specimen 
collection schedule  
* Microbiome and rectal fluid collection will be collected prior to dosing or enema administration and microbiome collection should precede rectal 
fluid collection.  
 
 
 
 


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6.7 
Visit 6- Termination Visit- 96 hour (Day 5 + 3 days) 
 
The Termination Visit ideally should occur at 96 hours (+3 day window) for all participants. The term visit 
should be at least 24 hours after the last scheduled biopsy. This visit will serve as the participant’s study 
termination. 
 
During their Termination Visit, participants will complete an exit in-depth interview (IDI) that will explore 
their experiences participating in the study, user-centered suggestions for product design and delivery, factors 
influencing product use in the future, and suggestions to maximize YMSM’s engagement in future biomedical 
trials, including how to overcome perceived barriers and challenges based on their experiences. The IDI will 
be conducted using video-conferencing by a trained interviewer located at the University of Pennsylvania. 
 
If a participant withdraws from study participation early or is withdrawn early from study participation by the 
study team, they will be asked to come in for an Early Termination Visit and the all the activities conducted at 
the Termination Visit will also be conducted for the Early Termination Visit.  
 
Activities to take place at the Termination Visit include:  
Table 12: Termination Visit 
Component 
Procedure/Analysis 
Administrative 
• 
Review/update demographic and locator information 
• 
Review STI risk reduction counseling and provide condoms 
Clinical 
• 
Review/update medical history 
• 
Review/update concomitant medications 
• 
Review any available test results 
• 
Complete AE assessment 
• 
Symptom-directed physical exam as needed 
• 
Obtain vital signs (HR, BP, Temp) 
Safety Labs and STI Screening: 
blood 
• 
Collect blood specimens for: 
o 
CBC with differential 
o 
CMP 
o 
HIV-1 antigen/antibody 4th generation testing (confirmatory tests as 
needed) * 
o 
Syphilis Testing (confirmatory test as needed) * 
o 
 
Safety Labs and STI Screening: 
urine and rectal 
• 
Collect urine sample for GC/CT (NAAT) * 
• 
Collect rectal swab for GC/CT (NAAT) * 
• 
Collect swab for HSV, if indicated * 
Other Specimens (rectal fluid, etc.) 
• 
Collect specimens as appropriate/indicated (if the participant is willing) * 
Behavioral 
• 
Completion of exit in-depth interview 
*If indicated and/or per local standard of care. 
 
6.8 Exit Follow-up Phone Call 
 
After the final study visit, follow-up call or early termination visit, a final contact may be required to provide 
laboratory test results (e.g. GC/CT) and post-test counseling.  Anyone testing positive for HIV or an STI will 
be linked to appropriate care. All contacts will be documented in participant study records. 


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6.9 Interim Visits 
 
Interim visits may be performed at any time during the study.  All interim contacts and visits will be 
documented in the source documentation and on applicable case report forms.  Some Interim Visits may occur 
for administrative reasons.  For example, the participant may have questions for study staff.  Other interim 
contacts and visits may occur in response to AEs experienced by study participants.  When interim contacts or 
visits are completed in response to participant reports of AEs, study staff will assess the reported event 
clinically and provide or refer the participant to appropriate medical care (see Table 13).   
 
Table 13: Interim Visit 
Component 
Procedure/Analysis 
Administrative 
• 
Review/update locator information 
• 
Review STI risk reduction counseling and provide condoms 
Clinical 
• 
Review/update medical history 
• 
Review/update concomitant medications 
• 
Review any available test results 
• 
Complete AE assessment 
• 
Symptom-directed physical exam as needed 
• 
Obtain vital signs (HR, BP, Temp) 
Specimens 
• 
Collect specimens as appropriate/indicated 
 
6.10 
Participants Who Withdraw or Are Withdrawn from the Study 
 
If the participant withdraws or is withdrawn from the study after receiving study product, an Early 
Termination Visit will be conducted, if possible. The protocol principal investigator in consultation with the 
site investigator will determine if research participants who fail to complete all biopsy collection sessions 
should be replaced. Replacement subjects would be assigned the same sampling schedule as the subject they 
are replacing. 
 
Any participant with quantifiable plasma TFV/FTC or PBMC TFV-DP/FTC-TP concentrations at the 
Enrollment Visit (Visit 2) will be replaced. 
 
Participants with quantifiable plasma tenofovir/emtricitabine concentrations at Visit 2 will not proceed to the 
tenofovir douche administration and pharmacokinetic sampling portion of the protocol.  These participants 
may continue to participate in the In-Depth Interview portion of the protocol. 
 
PBMC TFV-DP/FTC-TP concentrations will be measured periodically. Participants with quantifiable 
TFV/DP/FTC-TP concentrations may continue to the TFV douche administration and pharmacokinetic 
sampling portion of the protocol, but may be replaced once the PBMC TFV-DP/FTC-TP results are available. 
 
 
6.11 
Participants Who HIV Seroconvert 
 
Participants will be tested for HIV exposure and queried for high-risk behaviors. If there is a concern of 
possible HIV exposure, HIV and STI screening may be offered at any study visit. If a participant self-reports 


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seroconversion while on study, or if one of the HIV tests performed during the study protocol is confirmed 
positive, study staff will provide counseling and direct the participant to the appropriate HIV care.   
 
Study staff will also request documentation of lab results or, failing availability of test results, will perform 
HIV Testing, with confirmatory testing as needed. These results will be kept in the subject’s study chart and 
recorded on study case report forms (CRFs).   
 
Participants will be withdrawn from the study if they test positive for HIV antibody or RNA. Any participant 
who tests positive for HIV while enrolled in the study will be immediately removed from the study and 
referred to the appropriate care provider for additional counseling and treatment as necessary. HIV 4th 
generation EIA and RNA test results will be available prior to any subsequent study intervention. No 
additional doses of study product or take-home enemas will be dispensed. Participants will be compensated 
for their study participation up until the time of removal. 
 
6.12 
Behavioral and Acceptability Evaluations and Procedures 
 
The following behavioral assessments will be conducted at select visits. 
 
6.12.1 Phase I Behavioral Questionnaire (Enrollment Visit) 
 
Note: The Baseline Behavioral survey may be completed at any time from the enrollment visit (Visit 2) until 
just prior to TFV douche dosing on Day 1 (Visit 3). 
 
The baseline behavioral data will be primarily descriptive of demographic variables (age, gender-identity, 
sexual orientation, racial background, education, and income), HIV test history and status, sexual behaviors 
and PrEP awareness, technology use, substance use, psychological distress and well-being, and rectal douche 
practices.  It will assess participants’ risk perception for HIV or STI transmission, and willingness to 
participate in biomedical trials. Baseline behavioral data will be collected via a web-based self-interview, also 
known as a web-based computer self-interview (WCSI), to be completed by the participant at Visit 1.  
 
Baseline evaluations/measures 
• 
Demographic Information 
• 
Socioeconomic 
• 
Housing 
• 
General Health and Well-Being 
• 
Relationships 
• 
HIV and STI Testing  
• 
Sexual Behaviors & Condom Use 
• 
PrEP Use, Awareness, and Willingness 
• 
Technology Use and Social Media 
• 
Substance Use 
• 
Psychological Distress 
• 
Willingness to participate in biomedical trials 
• 
Rectal Douching Practices  
• 
Motivation for Clinical Trial Participation 
 


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6.12.2 Research Unit Dose Acceptability Questionnaire (Dosing Visit)   
 
The Research Unit Dose Acceptability Questionnaire will be administered following study product use in-
clinic. It will assess participants’ psychosocial well-being, attitudes about the enema, how acceptable it is to 
them and their anticipated likelihood of using it in the future if it provided protection against HIV 
transmission, and product recommendations. It will be collected via WCSI using a computer connected to the 
Internet. 
 
Research Unit Dose Acceptability evaluations/measures 
• 
Psychosocial  
• 
Product Acceptability 
• 
Attitudes towards Enema Bottle 
• 
Volume Issues 
• 
Likelihood of Future Product Use 
• 
Recommendations 
 
6.12.3 In-Depth Interview (Screening Visit or Termination Visit)  
 
Interviews with individuals who do participate in the Safety Trial will explore their experiences participating 
in the study, experiences using a rectal douche, user-centered suggestions for product design and delivery, 
factors influencing product use in the future, and suggestions to maximize YMSM’s engagement in future 
biomedical trials, including how to overcome perceived barriers and challenges based on their experiences. 
 
• Benefits and barriers to participating in a clinical trial 
• Challenges and opportunities to ensure inclusion of YMSM in biomedical trials 
• Strategies to optimize participation in future biomedical trials  
• Experiences participating in a rectal microbicide clinical trial  
• Acceptability of study product  
• Discussion of clinical trial participation with social/sexual networks 
• Product Recommendations  
 
Interviews with individuals who do not participate in the Safety Trial will explore their experiences 
participating in the study, experiences using a rectal douche, factors influencing product use in the future, and 
suggestions to maximize YMSM’s engagement in future biomedical trials, including how to overcome 
perceived barriers and challenges based on their experiences. 
 
• Benefits and barriers to participating in a clinical trial 
• Challenges and opportunities to ensure inclusion of YMSM in biomedical trials 
• Strategies to optimize participation in future biomedical trials  
• Discussion of clinical trial participation with social/sexual networks 
We will use semi-structured guides in the videoconferencing interviews to examine YMSM’s perceived 
benefits and barriers to participating in a clinical trial, identify challenges and opportunities to ensure 


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inclusion of YMSM in biomedical trials, and explore youth-driven perspectives on what strategies could 
optimize participation in future biomedical trials. Research assistants at the University of Pennsylvania will 
transcribe all interviews and import them into Dedoose, a platform commonly used to organize and manage 
qualitative data.  
 
We will approach the data from a phenomenological framework given our interest in understanding the lived 
experiences of YMSM in their communities. Initial reading and open coding of the transcripts will be done by 
the primary analysis team at the University of Pennsylvania, and brought to meetings for review, comparison, 
and refinement. As thematic codes are identified in the data, they will be included in the codebook. This 
systematic process will lead to the creation of a coding structure that will involve a hierarchical set of 
constructs that account for the patterns seen in the data.  
 
After creating a codebook, we will code several transcripts jointly as a team to ensure that the meaning, 
interpretation, and analytic approach are uniform across coders. We will discuss themes, resolve difficulties or 
concerns that may arise while coding, and make changes accordingly. Comparative analyses will be 
conducted to clarify differences among subgroups of YMSM (e.g., YMSM under age 21 vs those who are 21 
or over). The use of negative case analysis and testing of rival hypotheses are methodological strengths that 
ensure the credibility and trustworthiness of the data.  
 
6.13 
Clinical Evaluations and Procedures 
 
The following history and physical exam components will be conducted at select visits. 
 
Medical History: 
• Each participant will have a complete review of their medical history at screening and will be asked about 
any changes to their medical history at each visit. 
• Concomitant medications will be reviewed and recorded at screening and updated as needed at every 
study visit. 
 
Physical Exam: 
• A complete review of systems will be completed at screening and a targeted physical exam will be done 
during study participation as needed. 
• Height and Weight (at screening only) 
• Vital signs 
o Heart Rate/Pulse 
o Blood Pressure 
o Temperature 
 
Rectal Exam, Cleansing Enema, and Rectal Specimen Collection: 
The participant will be positioned in the left lateral decubitus position for the following procedures:  
• Rectal exam: The examiner will conduct a visual examination of the anus and surrounding area and note 
any abnormality.  The examiner will then insert a lubricated (Good Clean Love, Good Clean Love, Inc. 
Eugene, OR) gloved finger into the anal canal and sweep around the internal anal circumference. 
• Rectal specimen collection: Swabs for GC/CT will be inserted into the rectum and placed in contact with 
the rectal wall, turned 360 degrees and then removed.  
• Rectal fluid will be collected by using a swab/sponge inserted through the anoscope to come into contact 
with the rectal wall for 2 minutes to absorb rectal fluid. 


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• A pre-procedural cleansing enema will be self-administered prior to flexible sigmoidoscopy for baseline 
and 72 hour post-dosing assessment. 
• Rectal biopsies collection via flexible sigmoidoscopy: Up to 20 biopsies will be taken via a flexible 
sigmoidoscope at approximately 10-20 cm from the anal verge using large-cup biopsy forceps. The 
number of biopsies to be collected will vary depending on individual subject schedule and study site. 
Biopsies will be performed at different times in order to limit the number of total biopsies for each 
participant, but still achieve a rich post-dose sampling picture overall given the 6 different biopsy 
sampling times across all participants. 
 
6.14 
Laboratory Evaluations 
 
6.14.1 Clinical Laboratory Testing 
 
The local clinical laboratory or designee will run the following, as indicated: 
• Blood specimens: 
o CBC with differential 
o CMP, which includes blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), aspartate aminotransferase 
(AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase test (ALP), sodium (Na), potassium 
(K), calcium (Ca), carbon dioxide (CO2), chloride (Cl), glucose, albumin, total bilirubin, and total 
protein 
o PO4 
o HBsAg 
o HIV-1 antigen/antibody 4th generation testing 
o Syphilis Testing 
• Urine specimens: 
o Urine GC/CT (NAAT) 
o Urine immunoassay screen for: Amphetamine/Ecstasy, Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Cocaine 
Metabolite, Codeine/Morphine, THC, Oxycodone/Oxymorphone, Fentanyl 
• Rectal swabs: 
o Rectal GC/CT (NAAT) 
• Suspicious lesions or ulceration swab 
o HSV PCR/NAAT 
 
6.14.2 Research Laboratory Testing 
 
The JHU research laboratories will run the following, as indicated: 
• Blood specimens: 
o  Plasma PK 
o PBMC PK 
• Douche effluent 
o TFV/FTC concentration 
• Rectal fluid  
o PK 
• Colonic tissue PK 
o PK (total tissue and isolated MMC) 
o Ex vivo HIV challenge of colon tissue explants 


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o Histology 
 
University of Maryland research laboratory will run the following as indicated 
• Rectal fluid  
o Microbiome 
 
 
6.15 
Specimen Collection, Handling, and Processing 
 
Due of the congruency of ATN’s mission with that of HIV/AIDS Networks supported by the NIAID Division 
of AIDS (DAIDS), NICHD has adapted and implemented several DAIDS policies and requirements for the 
ATN. Study sites will adhere to the standards of DAIDS Laboratory Requirements and site standard operating 
procedures for proper collection, processing, labeling, transport, and storage of specimens at the local 
laboratories.   
(http://www.niaid.nih.gov/LabsAndResources/resources/DAIDSClinRsrch/Documents/gclp.pdf)  
 
Specimen collection, testing, and storage at the site laboratories will be documented per standard site practice. 
In cases where laboratory results are not available due to administrative or laboratory error, sites are permitted 
to re-draw specimens that are intended for use in the screening as well as ongoing safety assessments process. 
Specimens will be handled in accordance with Requirements for DAIDS Sponsored and/or Funded Laboratories 
in Clinical Trials.   
 
6.16 
Storage of Specimens for Future Use 
 
Study staff will store all specimens collected according to site SOPs. Specimens will not be labeled with any 
personal identifiers.  Storage of all study samples will follow local standard operating procedure to ensure the 
anonymity and confidentiality of the trial research participants. Specimens remaining at the end of the study 
will be transferred to a designated central bio-repository after all protocol-required and quality assurance 
testing has been completed. Study participants’ permission to do so will have been documented by signing 
informed consent which will include appropriate IRB-approved language. All screening samples for 
individuals who do not eventually enroll in the study will be destroyed. 
 
6.17 
Biohazard Containment 
 
As the transmission of blood-borne pathogens can occur through contact with contaminated needles, blood, and 
blood products, appropriate blood and secretion precautions will be employed by all personnel in the drawing 
of blood and shipping and handling of all specimens for this study, as currently recommended by the United 
States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All infectious specimens will be transported in accordance 
with US regulations 42 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 72. 
 
6.18  Laboratory Sample Management 
 
During sample processing, all laboratory samples are handled according in accordance with good clinical 
laboratory practices.  
 
 
 


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7.   
CLINICAL MANAGEMENT & ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY  
 
Guidelines for clinical management and product hold/discontinuation are outlined in this section.  In general, 
the study site investigator has the discretion to hold study product at any time if he or she feels that continued 
product use would be harmful to the participant, or interfere with participant’s acute medical condition (such 
as e.g. viral gastroenteritis) or with treatment deemed clinically necessary according to the judgment of the 
investigator. This section serves as a protocol overview; please see Data Safety and Management Plan for 
additional details. 
 
7.1 Safety Monitoring 
 
The study site investigator is responsible for continuous close safety monitoring of all study participants and 
for promptly alerting the DREAM Protocol Chairs and the protocol team if unexpected concerns arise.  A panel 
of experts, the ATN Medical Officer (MO), amongst others may serve as the Safety Monitoring Committee 
(SMC).   
 
Study status reports will be submitted to the study leadership every month for review.  These reports will include 
all adverse events reported for the study, regardless of their relationship to the study products. The study team 
will meet, as needed, throughout the period of study implementation to review the safety data, discuss product 
use management, and address any potential safety concerns. 
 
The SMC will receive standard data reports on a quarterly basis. The chair of the SMC will lead biannual calls 
to discuss study progress, and convene additional SMC meetings as needed based on interim reporting. The 
SMC will monitor several other factors, including HIV seroconversion, changes in kidney function, behavioral 
disinhibition, medication adherence, persistence in PrEP care, and differential loss to follow-up. 
 
7.2 Clinical Data Safety Review 
 
A multi-tiered safety review process will be followed for the duration of this study.  The study site 
investigators are the first layer and are responsible for the initial evaluation and reporting of safety 
information at the participant level, and for promptly alerting the MO and ATN DREAM PSRT if unexpected 
concerns arise.  In the event of any study participant experiencing an AE ≥ Grade 3, the study site investigator 
will review and discuss the appropriate study management with the PSRT, the IND Sponsor, and ATN MO.   
 
During the trial, the PSRT will review status reports described above and conduct calls to clarify the data as 
appropriate.  The content, format and frequency of the safety reports will be agreed upon in advance of study 
implementation.  If necessary, external experts representing expertise in the fields of microbicides, 
biostatistics, HIV transmission, and medical ethics may be invited to review the events.  
 
If the protocol team has serious safety concerns, they can request additional (ad hoc) reviews of 
data by the independent ATN Study Monitoring Committee (SMC), comprised of specialists in 
gastroenterology, infectious diseases, and adolescent medicine. Otherwise, the SMC will review participant 
safety data as part of its regular reviews. The SMC may recommend that the study proceed as designed, 
proceed with design modifications, or be discontinued. Members of the SMC will be independent 
investigators with no interest (financial or otherwise) in the outcomes of this study. If at any time a decision is 
made to discontinue enrollment and/or study product use in all participants, the Site IoR will notify the 
responsible IRB(s)/IEC(s) expeditiously. The IND holder, Dr. Anton, will assume responsibility for the 


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reporting of Serious Adverse Events to the FDA and regulatory agencies outside the U.S., as appropriate per 
21 CFR 312.32 and 21 CFR 312.33. 
 
 
7.3 Criteria for Early Termination of Study Participation 
 
Participants may voluntarily withdraw from the study for any reason at any time.  The site investigator also may 
withdraw participants from the study to protect their safety and/or if they are unwilling or unable to comply 
with required study procedures. Participants also may be withdrawn if the study sponsor, government or 
regulatory authorities (including the Office of Human Research Protections), NICHD or site IRBs terminate the 
study prior to its planned end date.  Every reasonable effort is made to complete a final evaluation of participants 
who withdraw or are withdrawn from the study prior to completing follow-up.  Study staff members will record 
the reason(s) for all withdrawals in participants’ study records.   
 
7.4 Grading System 
 
Due of the congruency of ATN’s mission with that of HIV/AIDS Networks supported by the NIAID Division 
of AIDS (DAIDS), NICHD has adapted and implemented several DAIDS policies and requirements for the 
ATN. The Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events, Corrected 
Version 2.1 dated July 2017 and Addendum 3 (Rectal Grading Tables for Use in Microbicide Studies) will be 
the primary tools for grading adverse events for this protocol.  Adverse events not included in those tables will 
be graded by the DAIDS AE Grading Table, Version 2.1 dated July 2017.  In cases where an AE is covered in 
multiple tables, Addendum 3 (Rectal Grading Table for Use in Microbicide Studies) will be the grading scale 
utilized.   
 
The DAIDS AE Grading Tables are available on the RSC website at https://rsc.niaid.nih.gov/clinical-research-
sites/daids-adverse-event-grading-tables 
 
EAE Reporting Period 
• The expedited AE reporting period for this study is defined as the entire study duration for an individual 
participant (from enrollment until the participant’s final study contact).   
• After the protocol-defined AE reporting period, unless otherwise noted, only Serious Adverse Events (SAE) 
will be reported to NICHD if the study staff becomes aware of the events on a passive basis (from publicly 
available information). 
 
7.5 Adverse Events Definitions and Reporting Requirements 
 
7.5.1 Adverse Events 
 
An adverse event is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical research participant 
administered an investigational product and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with the 
investigational product.  As such, an AE can be an unfavorable or unintended sign (including an abnormal 
laboratory finding, for example), symptom or disease temporally associated with the use of an investigational 
product, whether considered related to the product.  This definition is applied to all the study groups, and is 
applied to all groups beginning from the time of enrollment. The term “investigational product” for this study 
refers to all study products listed in Section 5.  
 


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Study participants will be instructed to contact the study site staff to report any AEs they may experience at 
any time between enrollment and completion of their participation.  In the case of a life-threatening event, 
they will be instructed to seek immediate emergency care. Where feasible and medically appropriate, 
participants will be encouraged to seek evaluation where the study clinician is based, and to request that the 
clinician be contacted upon their arrival. Study site will obtain written permission from the participant to 
obtain and use records from non-study medical providers to complete any missing data element on a CRF 
related to an adverse event.  All participants reporting an untoward medical occurrence will be followed 
clinically, until the occurrence resolves (returns to baseline) or stabilizes.  
 
The study site investigators will determine AE resolution or stabilization in their best clinical judgment, but 
may seek medical consultation regarding follow-up or additional evaluations of an AE from the ATN MO 
and/or PSRT.  Study site staff will document in source documents and case report forms all AEs reported by 
or observed in enrolled study participants regardless of severity and presumed relationship to study product. 
The Addendum 3 (Rectal Grading Tables for Use in Microbicide Studies) to DAIDS AE Grading Table 
Version 2.0 will be the primary tool for grading adverse events for this protocol. Adverse events not included 
in that table will be graded by the standard DAIDS AE Grading Table, Version 2.0 dated November 2014.  In 
cases where an AE is covered in multiple tables, Addendum 3 (Rectal Grading Table for Use in Microbicide 
Studies) will be the grading scale utilized.  Please see Data Safety and Management Plan for additional 
details. 
 
7.5.2 Serious Adverse Events 
 The OHRP guidance, “Guidance on Reviewing and Reporting Unanticipated Problems Involving Risks to 
Subjects or Others and Adverse Events,” (OHRP, Appendix 10-09) defines a serious adverse event (SAE) as 
any adverse event that:  
• 
Results in death,  
• 
Is life-threatening, 
• 
Requires impatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization, 
• 
Results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, 
• 
Results in a congenital anomaly/birth defect, or 
• 
Is an important medical event that may not be immediately life-threatening or result in death or 
hospitalization but may jeopardize the patient or may require intervention to prevent one of the other 
outcomes listed in the definition above. 
All serious adverse events will be reported to NICHD, as per the ATN Manual of Policies and Procedures, as 
well as the IRB of record. Please see Data Safety and Management Plan for additional details. 
 
7.5.3 Adverse Event Relationship to Study Product 
 
The ATN Manual of Procedures and Policies (MOPP) notes in Section 10 that ATN investigators must 
determine how to assess AEs. Consistent with other HIV biomedical prevention trials, the relationship of all 
AEs to study product will be assessed per the Manual for Expedited Reporting of Adverse Events to DAIDS 
(Version 2.0, dated January 2010), the Investigator’s Brochures, and clinical judgment.  Per the Manual for 
Expedited Reporting of Adverse Events to DAIDS (Version 2.0, dated January 2010), the relationship 
categories that will be used for this study are: 
 


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• Related:  There is a reasonable possibility that the AE may be related to the study agent(s) 
• Not related: There is not a reasonable possibility that the AE is related to the study agent(s) 
 
When an AE is assessed as “not related” to study participation, an alternative etiology, diagnosis, or 
explanation for the AE should be provided. If new information becomes available, the relationship assessment 
of any AE will be reviewed again and updated, as required.  
 
7.6 Expedited Adverse Event (EAE) Definitions and Reporting Requirements  
 
7.6.1 Expedited Adverse Event Reporting 
 
Per ATN policies, SAEs of any severity grade, AEs of severity grade 3 or higher that are determined to be 
related to study participation or intervention, and UEs that are severity grade 3 or higher will be reported 
immediately.  
 
7.6.2 EAE reporting procedures specific to this protocol  
Events that meet SAE criteria and are unexpected (not previously reported to the agency or included in the IB) 
must be reported in an expedited manner. The IND Sponsor will assume responsibility for the reporting of 
Serious Adverse Events to the FDA and regulatory agencies outside the U.S., as appropriate per 21 CFR 
312.32 and 21 CFR 312.33.  Copies of this final report will be filed with the DREAM Regulatory Core. 
 
If the event is assessed as reportable to the FDA in an expedited manner, the DREAM Regulatory Core will 
draft the report in narrative format and will distribute to the ATN MO and the IND Sponsor for review and 
approval. Once the review is complete, the DREAM Regulatory Core will generate a final version of the 
expedited safety report and will provide it to the IND Sponsor with a cc to the ATN MO via secure e-mail 
submission at the following address: 
Peter A. Anton, MD.  
E-cubed Consulting, LLC  
7777 Hollywood Blvd, #309 
Los Angeles, CA 90046 
 
 
 
In case of a fatal or life-threatening suspected adverse reaction, the IND Sponsor will notify the responsible 
review division of the FDA by telephone or facsimile transmission as soon as possible but in no event later 
than 7 calendar days after the receipt of the respective adverse event information and determination that it 
meets the respective criteria for reporting. Any additional information received must be sent to the agency as 
soon as possible, but no more than 15 days after receipt of the information. 
 
7.6.3 Expedited Adverse Event (EAE) Reporting Requirements for this Study 
The study agent, for which expedited reporting is required, is:  
• 
Rectal TFV douche – 5.28 mg/mL (*660 mg in 125 mL) in hypo-osmolar solution  
 
7.7 Dose Modification 
 
This is a single dose administration protocol. Adverse event assessments will be made in collaboration with 
the Protocol Safety Review Team (PSRT), who will review all study AEs, with special attention to the events 


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and toxicities assessed to be greater than Grade 2. The determination as to whether dose administration in 
additional participants is justifiable and compatible with the mandate for participant safety will be based on 
this assessment. Please see detailed Data Safety and Management Plan for additional information. 
 
7.8 Discontinuation of Study Product(s) in the Presence of Toxicity 
 
Each participant will receive one dose of the study product, administered in clinic. If study site investigator 
has an acute concern about the safety of any product administration, may withdraw the participant from the 
study. Please see Data Safety and Management Plan for additional details. 
 
7.9 Reporting of Adverse Reactions to the Responsible IRBs 
 
The study site investigator will report adverse reactions to the responsible IRBs in accordance with respective 
IRB policies and procedures. 
 
Follow-up information to a reported adverse event will be submitted to the IRB as soon as the relevant 
information is available.  If the results of the study site investigator’s follow-up investigation show that an 
adverse event that was initially determined to not require reporting to the IRB does, in fact, meet the 
requirements for reporting, the study site investigator will report it as soon as possible in accordance with 
respective IRB policies and procedures. Please see Data Safety and Management Plan for additional details. 
 
7.11 Withdrawal of Subjects Due to Adverse Events 
 
If a participant has a Grade 2 or higher AE associated with the study, he has met a study end point and will be 
referred to local care and treatment services. He may return to the research clinic for additional counseling 
and other support services, as needed. Continued study participation would be of no added benefit; thus 
follow-up visits will be discontinued and the participant will be considered terminated from the study. An 
Early Termination Visit will be conducted, if the participant is willing. Please see Data Safety and 
Management Plan for additional details. 
 
7.12 Social Harms Reporting 
 
Although study sites make every effort to protect participant privacy and confidentiality, it is possible that 
participants' involvement in the study could become known to others, and that social harms may result (i.e., 
because participants could become known as HIV-infected or at "high risk" for HIV infection or participants 
could potentially disclose their sexual orientation). For example, participants could be treated unfairly or 
discriminated against, or could have problems being accepted by their families and/or communities and/or 
employer. 
 
Social harms that are judged by the study site investigator to be serious or unexpected will be reported to 
responsible site IRB at least annually or according to their individual requirements.  In the event that a 
participant reports social harm, every effort will be made by study staff to provide appropriate care and 
counseling to the participant, and/or referral to appropriate resources for the safety of the participant as 
needed. 
 
7.13 Monitoring untoward effects associated with or resulting from study 
 


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Site staff must first follow their own IRB’s procedure for reporting and managing untoward effects.  
 
There are three types of untoward effects to be identified:  (1) those related to the participant, (2) those related 
to the study staff and (3) those related to the neighborhood or community where the study is being implemented. 
  
First, the study will catalogue any untoward effect related to the participant. Reporting is required for 
occurrences including social harms, psychological distress and serious life threatening events such as suicide 
attempts.  These may be immediately apparent to the study staff, such as the participant’s emotional upset 
requiring referral for counseling; or they may be delayed and reported later to study staff, such as physical harm 
to an individual for having participated in the study. Study staff will notify the team of these untoward effects 
using the iTech QNS accessible through the iTech website (https://itechnetwork.org). Study staff will be briefed 
during the training on the scope of possible untoward effects and instructed to report events. 
 
Second, study staff may encounter untoward events during sessions that personally affect them. Training and 
guidance will seek to minimize this risk. Nonetheless, an assessment of the cost of conducting this study must 
include cataloguing these events as well. The protocol chairs should be notified of these events so that they may 
be immediately addressed, evaluated, and guidance modified or expanded to minimize similar risk to other staff. 
 
All untoward events related to the participant or study staff will be graded for severity by site study staff 
according to the definitions outlined in Table 10-1 (Appendix VI), as per ATN procedures. Reporting of all UEs 
graded 3 or higher will be expedited. Please see Data Safety and Management Plan for additional details. 
 
 
 


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8. 
DATA COLLECTION AND SITE MONITORING 
 
8.1  
Development of Protocol and Case Report Forms 
The Protocol Team, in collaboration with the ATN iTech Management Core and the iTech Analytic Core, is 
responsible for the development of this protocol as well as the Case Report Forms (CRFs) needed to collect 
the information required to implement this protocol.  
 
8.2 
Data Records  
Participant-related study information will be identified through a study ID number (SID) and participant code 
on all participant CRFs, audio files, transcripts, and Computer Assisted Self Interviewing (CASI) files. 
Participant code consists of the participant’s first initial and two-digit date of birth. Participant names or other 
personal identifying information will not be used on any study documents and will be redacted from any 
qualitative transcripts. Participants enrolled in the Phase I will also receive a Trial ID number (TID) to 
identify their assigned PK sampling schedule. Participant names and their SID/TID will be stored separately 
from other study information, accessible only to designated study staff, iTech site monitors, and 
representatives from the NICHD. Original source documents for individual participants will be accessible 
only to the study staff. Data from original source documents will be transcribed on CRFs as applicable. 
 
8.3 
Research Staff Training 
All proposed study staff have participated in the required trainings in participation and conduct of studies that 
involve human subjects, and any future study staff will do so upon hiring. Training for all research staff 
includes (but is not limited to) an overview of the study, study procedures and human subjects issues 
(informed consent process, confidentiality), a demonstration of all technology components, methods for 
establishing comfort with the sensitive issues, including discussion of sexual behaviors, that will likely arise 
in the course of the assessments, review of the study instruments, their required elements and the inherent 
flexibility built into them, Human Subjects Protection, Good Clinical Practice, Child Abuse History 
Clearance, FBI Criminal History Background Check,  informed consent, quality management, confidentiality, 
and reporting of adverse events.  
 
8.4  
Data Collection  
8.4.1 CRFs 
Study monitoring data, including information about eligibility, demographic data and monitoring untoward 
effects, will be collected on CRFs.  All CRFs for this study will be available for download from the iTech Box 
account, a secure content management platform. 
 
 
 
8.4.2 Web-Survey Data  
Data collected using a web-based computer-assisted survey method will be on a portable computer, tablet, or 
mobile phone via an internet-based application. All survey data will be collected using SurveyGizmo. Data 


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will remain confidential; no personal identifying information will be collected during the computer session. 
The participant’s unique study ID will be used in order to link the interview responses to the participant’s 
CRF data. We use SSL encryption for transfers of information online and data will be stored in the secure, 
HIPAA-compliant servers of Qualtrics. The Emory team maintains a business partner HIPAA agreement with 
SurveyGizmo. 
 
8.4.2.1 Data Security 
To ensure data privacy, as soon as data is entered (in real-time), it will be encrypted during transmission using 
Secure Socket Layer (SSL) technology. The data will then be immediately stored in a secure database on an 
server within the Emory data center. 
 
We clean, manage, and download the survey data directly from the SurveyGizmo application interface. The 
survey data collected through SurveyGizmo is encrypted while in transfer using SSL certificates, encrypted at 
the disk level in the database servers, and encrypted at the row level. Access to the SurveyGizmo account 
where the data can be downloaded is password-protected with a dual authentication password. The data 
collected through our web application is encrypted while in transfer using SSL certificates and access to the 
administrative web application where the data can be downloaded is password-protected using sufficiently 
complex passwords for each approved user. 
 
8.4.3 BlueJeans Platform Description  
For the in-depth interviews that occur over video chat, the BlueJeans platform – or a comparably secure 
videoconferencing platform - will be used. BlueJeans is compatible with PCs, Macs, and any device with a 
web browser, including tablets and smartphones. Unlike other video-chat platforms (e.g. Skype), BlueJeans is 
HIPAA-compliant. BlueJeans includes the following functions to protect users: 
 
Media handling and encryption. In WebEx, Vidyo, Tandberg, and Polycom architectures, media is sent to a 
server (also called a video relay or MCU). Although encryption is applied from the user’s computer to these 
servers, the servers still have full access to the user’s media. In contrast, Blue Jeans does not record or store 
your information; they simply encrypt and transmit it. Blue Jeans Network does not store any video 
conference content, in any format. This security infrastructure means Blue Jeans has no control over the 
content shared via video conference. BlueJeans supports standards-based encryption (AES-128) for video 
conferencing. 
 
Infrastructure and network security. BlueJeans employs a wide range of security management. This includes 
network firewalls throughout the infrastructure to create security zones for different applications and services. 
BlueJeans also deploys proxy servers that terminate all third party/customer traffic at a proxy layer. All web 
traffic passes through industry-leading load balancers to protect against a suite of application attack vectors. 
Beyond the firewall, proxy servers, and load balancers, BlueJeans also periodically scans for network, port, 
and application-level vulnerabilities. Vulnerability scans are conducted by a leading third-party SaaS 
provider, in addition to some special-purpose, in-house scanning tools. Furthermore, all of the third-party 
applications and operating system software is checked for security advisories and is patched periodically. 
Routers, firewalls, load balancers, and proxy application servers are all configured to mitigate numerous types 
of DOS attacks. BlueJeans also engages with third party consultants to perform penetration testing of the 
service. 
 


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No-install client. Video conferencing software clients tend to be large and to leave a big footprint on the 
user’s system. Almost all of them require administrator permissions to install. 
Once the client software gains administrator permissions, they can severely compromise computer security. 
BlueJeans offers a browser-based conferencing system that does not require administrator permissions or 
installation. 
 
BlueJeans offers the HIPAA-required Business Associate Agreement (BAA) where BlueJeans agrees to be 
responsible for keeping all patient information secure and to immediately report any breach of personal health 
information. In this study, University of Pennsylvania will maintain a BAA with BlueJeans, and this will be 
extended to cover the proposed activities. The BlueJeans sessions will include identifying information (e.g., 
images of the participant, voice recordings). All identifying information will be stripped from the data 
transcripts before they are sent to the analysis team for content analysis.  
8.4 
Data Submission 
8.4.1 CRFs 
 During study conduct, the SRVs will maintain the CRFs in secured locations, and transmit CRF data to the 
AC either electronically using DFexplore or by submitting scanned paper forms using DFSend. DFexplore 
and its DFdiscover platform is a leading multi-site database environment for HIV RCT that can receive and 
transcribe CRF data via scanned PDFs, or allow for direct electronic data entry. It provides for monitoring 
form completion and data quality, and a system for data querying and resolution with SRVs, while 
maintaining an audit trail. The AC uses DFexplore for MSM studies and RCTs and data is maintained by the 
parent company DF/net on a cloud-based server with Microsoft Azure. 
 
8.4.2 Audio Data  
In-depth interviews will be audio-recorded to allow for verbatim transcription of the interview and checked 
for accuracy and completion. We will format all transcripts and import them into qualitative data analysis 
software, Dedoose. Data analysis will be primarily conducted by Dr. Bauermeister and other DREAM study 
team members at the University of Pennsylvania when appropriate. One year after study completion, audio 
recordings will be destroyed. 
 
8.4.3 Survey Data Transmission 
Only authorized users will be able to access and open the survey through SurveyGizmo. To ensure data 
privacy, as soon as data is entered (in real-time), it will be encrypted during transmission using Secure Socket 
Layer (SSL) technology. The data will routinely be downloaded and stored in a secure database on an Emory 
server within the AC data center. 
 
8.4.4 Retention data  
N/A 
 
8.5 
Data Quality Assurance 
Investigators receiving federal funding must adhere to the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) to protect 
research participants and produce reliable study information.  Sites participating in research sponsored by the 


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NICHD need to have an internal quality assurance (QA) plan that will identify problems and correct errors in 
research study records.  
 
Behavioral data will be collected via Qualtrics. Qualtrics is a HIPAA-compliant, web-based electronic data 
collection tool that ensures data quality through the standardization of data collection procedures. The PIs and 
study staff will be responsible for data monitoring and quality assurance. There will be ongoing 
communication within study team to monitor data collection, participant safety, and compliance with the 
study protocol.  
 
8.6 
Role of Data Management 
The iTech AC will provide instructions concerning the recording of study data on the CRFs and entry of the 
data into the AC data management systems.  Behavioral components of the application (e.g., recruitment, 
video interviews, transcription and analysis) will be overseen by the UPENN team. Clinical components of 
the application will be overseen by the JHU team. The iTECH AC will also offer data monitoring support for 
the online screeners, data management, and statistical support for trial analyses.   
 
8.7 
Study Site Monitoring and Record Availability 
Site monitors from the MC and AC may visit participating study sites to review a selected portion of the 
individual participant records, including assent/consent forms, CRFs and supporting source documentation to 
ensure the protection of study subjects, compliance with the protocol, and accuracy and completeness of 
records.  Regulatory files, as required, will also be inspected to ensure that regulatory requirements are being 
followed. 
 
The site investigator will make study documents (e.g., consent forms, case report forms) and pertinent 
hospital or clinic records readily available for inspection by the local IRB, the site monitors, the NICHD, the 
Office of Human Research Protection (OHRP), or the sponsor’s designee for confirmation of the study data. 
 
 
 


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9. 
STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS 
 
9.1 
Overview and Summary of Design 
 
This is an exploratory, open label study to compare the safety, PK, PD, and acceptability of the formulation of 
a TFV microbicide enema.  The goal of the study is to describe the pharmacokinetic parameters in a 
population of a TFV douche currently under development in a population of young men who have sex with 
men (YMSM).  
 
Eligible YMSM will be contacted by site staff to schedule an in-person Screening Visit at the ATN site. A 
Screening Visit will take place up to 45 days prior to the Baseline enrollment Visit. At this visit, YMSM 
(n≈48) will learn about the Phase I trial and be invited to participate in the study. All participants will be 
consented and those who agree to participate in the Phase 1 portion the study will complete Screening 
Procedures, which includes a medical exam, HIV/STI testing, and a brief, online survey regarding their sexual 
behaviors, prior experiences and comfort using rectal products, experiences and willingness to participate in 
biomedical trials, and douching or other rectal hygiene practices. YMSM will be considered enrolled in the 
trial and scheduled for their PK/PD visit once all HIV/STI labs have been confirmed. YMSM who choose not 
to participate in the Phase I trial or who are ineligible to participate due to labs results (n≈32) will be invited 
to participate in an online-facilitated in-depth interview (IDI). The screening, enrollment, dosing, and 
termination visits will take place at Johns Hopkins University.  
After completing the screening evaluation, we will enroll 16 evaluable participants. YMSM who are willing 
and cleared to participate in the Trial visit will be asked to use a single dose of a tenofovir (TFV) rectal 
microbicide douche (600mg TFV in 125mL 0.45% NaCl [half-normal saline]) at the Hopkins study site. Prior 
to using the TFV douche, baseline samples (see Appendix 1) will be collected to establish pre-dose conditions 
for safety assessments. 
YMSM will then receive a single dose of TFV douche at the research unit, and, asked to retain the douche 
without defecation for 5 minutes, if possible. Subsequently, participants will be instructed on how to expel the 
douche contents. The amount of time that the douche was retained and the volume of expelled effluent will be 
measured. Post-dose observations and data collection will follow at 1, 6, 24, and 72 hours, using a sparse PK 
sampling design in which plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) are collected at each 
designated time. Participants are randomized to only one time point for flexible sigmoidoscopy with rectal 
biopsies at either 1, 6, 24, or 72 hours after dosing (thus, providing 4 subjects at each time point). Anoscopy, 
with rectal fluid collection will occur pre-dose, 1, 6, 24 or 72 hours after dosing to coincide with the time of 
each participant’s flexible sigmoidoscopy. Microbiome specimens will be collected via anoscopy pre-dose 
and at 24 hrs post-dose.  
Between sampling windows, YMSM will complete a web-survey examining their perceived reactions and 
comfort using the study douche, factors influencing product use in the future, and comfort with the trial 
procedures. The survey will be administered after dosing but scheduled not to interfere with other study 
assessments. Sampling for safety, PK, PD, and acceptability assessments will be collected according to the 
schedule of events. Phase I Trial participants will complete in an IDI as part of their termination visit. 
 
 
 


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9.2 Study Endpoints 
 
Study endpoints to be assessed are each paired with specific objectives as listed in Section 3 Objectives & 
Endpoints.  
 
9.3 Study Hypotheses 
 
This protocol and derived data will provide information that will address, even if not completely answer, the 
following study hypotheses: 
 
• YMSM will find the product to be acceptable and behaviorally congruent with their rectal hygiene 
practices 
• The TFV douche will be safe and acceptable when applied rectally 
• The TFV douche will exceed target colon MMC concentrations for a period of 1 hour to 72 hours post-
dose 
• Concentrations in various compartments after enema will provide an important parallel to concentrations 
seen after TFV gel (historic control from previous study) and will provide correlating data to a prior study 
carried out in adult MSM. 
 
9.4 Accrual and Sample Size 
 
We expect to screen 48 YMSM willing to participate in the in-person Screening Visit. We derive this estimate 
based on prior experiences in rectal microbicide trials through the Microbicide Trials Network (MTN). We 
will need to screen and consent approximately 48 YMSM in-person. Assuming a 1:3 ratio of willingness to 
enroll in a biomedical clinical trial, we will enroll 16 YMSM (n=8 between the ages of 15-19; n=8 between 
the ages of 20-24) for the Phase I Safety Trial.  
 
A sample of 16 YMSM enrolled in the DREAM ATN trial will allow for maximal comparability with 
DREAM-01, which included the same product in 18 adults. Comparing 8 participants of DREAM ATN to 
counterparts in each arm of DREAM-01 provides 80% power, with 2-sided type I error of 5% to detect a 
difference of 1.0 standard deviations. 
 
9.5 Randomization and Blinding 
 
Enrolled participants will not be randomized, as this is by necessity an open-label study.  This will be an 
unblinded study.  
 
9.6 Data Analysis 
 
For primary endpoints, sensitivity analyses will be performed by age group (15 to 19-year-old YMSM; 20 to 
24-year-old YMSM). PK estimates will be reported overall and per group, given need to examine whether 
there are significantly different TFV-DP rectal tissue levels across these two age groups. Safety data will be 
reported in the aggregate for the overall population, as safety is not expected to differ significantly by age 
group. As noted above, sample size is conditioned to a great degree on having a comparable, complete, and 
relevant cohort for comparison to DREAM-01. Descriptive statistics and graphics will be used to summarize 
the characteristics of endpoints across each step of the study. Continuous measures will be summarized by 


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means and standard deviations or median and interquartile range depending on data distribution.  For binomial 
endpoints, 95% exact confidence intervals will be calculated.  Given the small sample size and possible non-
normality of the data, non-parametric tests will be used to test for differences among (Kruskal-Wallis) and 
between (Wilcoxon rank sum test) test formulations. 
 
Willingness to engage in biomedical clinical trials: We will examine YMSM’s willingness to engage in 
biomedical clinical trials through several data sources, including: IDIs from YMSM who screen in-person yet 
refuse to enroll in the Phase I Trial (n=32), as well as trial participants’ experiences in the trial and future 
willingness to participate in future biomedical trials (n=16). We will use semi-structured guides in the 
videoconferencing interviews to examine YMSM’s perceived benefits and barriers to participating in a 
clinical trial, identify challenges and opportunities to ensure inclusion of YMSM in biomedical trials, and 
explore youth-driven perspectives on what strategies could optimize participation in future biomedical trials. 
Research assistants at the University of Pennsylvania will format all transcripts and import them into 
Dedoose, a platform commonly used to organize and manage qualitative data. We will approach the data from 
a phenomenological framework given our interest in understanding the lived experiences of YMSM in their 
communities. Initial reading and open coding of the transcripts will be done by the primary analysis team at 
the University of Pennsylvania, and brought to meetings for review, comparison, and refinement. As thematic 
codes are identified in the data, they will be included in the codebook. This systematic process will lead to the 
creation of a coding structure that will involve a hierarchical set of constructs that account for the patterns 
seen in the data. After creating a codebook, we will code several transcripts jointly as a team to ensure that the 
meaning, interpretation, and analytic approach are uniform across coders. We will discuss themes, resolve 
difficulties or concerns that may arise while coding, and make changes accordingly. Comparative analyses 
will be conducted to clarify differences among subgroups of YMSM (e.g., YMSM under age 20 vs those who 
are 20 or over). The use of negative case analysis and testing of rival hypotheses are methodological strengths 
that ensure the credibility and trustworthiness of the data.  
 
Acceptability: To examine the YMSM’s overall product acceptability of the TFV douche formulation after 
rectal administration, as determined by participants’ self-report of likelihood of product use if shown to be 
effective, we will examine the outcome in both continuous and dichotomous forms. We define the 
acceptability as a mean score of 3 or higher on 4-point continuous acceptability measures (1= completely 
unacceptable; 2= somewhat unacceptable; 3= somewhat acceptable; 4= highly acceptable) that we argue is the 
minimal clinically meaningful threshold for acceptability. Under such design, we will test the null hypothesis 
that the testing product has a true mean acceptability score greater than or equal to 3. If the null hypothesis is 
rejected, we will conclude that the product under consideration does not have good acceptability in the current 
format among YMSM. Conversely, if the null hypothesis is not rejected, we cannot rule out the possibility of 
a truly acceptable product and further confirmatory testing would be of interest. In such case, the Type I error 
is the probability that we mistakenly declare the testing product is not acceptable when in reality it is 
acceptable. We will conduct a one-sample, one-sided t-test to test above null hypothesis. We will also conduct 
a paired-sample t-test to determine whether YMSM’s acceptability of a TFV douche changed between before 
and after using it.  As is conventional in early phase trials, we set the type I error at 0.10 and will not adjust 
for multiple comparisons.  Trial participants will complete an IDI (~45 minutes) at the Termination Visit. This 
IDI will include questions exploring user-centered suggestions for product design and delivery, acceptability 
and influence to use the study product in the future, douching history and education, and experiences 
participating in the study, among other topics. Suggestions for product improvement will also be collected. 
Major components of both survey and IDI assessments have been used successfully and validated in prior 
ATN and rectal microbicide trials (e.g., MTN-006, MTN-007, MTN-017, MTN-026, MTN-033) by Dr. 
Bauermeister, and are currently being used in MTN-035. 


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Safety: To evaluate the safety of a single dose of a TFV douche when applied rectally, as measured by the 
number of ≥Grade 2 adverse events (AEs) as defined by the Division of AIDS Table for Grading the Severity 
of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events. For the safety analysis, the number and the frequency of all adverse 
events (AEs) will be tabulated.  A single summary outcome of this type (yes/no) can be reasonably assumed 
to follow a Bernoulli distribution.  Assuming a true underlying rate of one or more participants experiencing 
AEs is between 0.01 and 0.20 in a sample of 16 YMSM, there would be a 81% chance that one or more 
participants might experience an AE when the true rate is at least 10% and a probability less than 15% when 
the true rate is no more than 1%. Unless the true rate is at least 3%, the probability of two or more subjects 
experiencing AEs will be quite small – less than 5%. Additional safety analyses will also tabulate the number 
and type of AEs observed overall, and by severity, site, and study product.  AEs that lead to discontinuation of 
study participation will be tabulated separately. 
 
Pharmacokinetics: To characterize the systemic and compartmental pharmacokinetics of a TFV douche 
following rectal application, as measured by TFV concentrations in plasma, rectal fluid and rectal mucosal 
tissue homogenates and cells. Pharmacokinetic parameters will be compared to data from studies using rectal 
dosing of TFV in DREAM-01 and other oral TFV dosing studies in adults, which also included colorectal 
biopsies. Pharmacokinetics in blood plasma and PBMCs, colon tissue homogenate and cells, and rectal fluid 
for the TFV-based douche will be evaluated after rectal administration. The primary analysis will use non-
compartmental methods to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters, including peak concentration (Cmax, time to 
peak concentration (Tmax), area under the matrix concentration-time curve from 0 to infinity (0→∞), and 
terminal elimination half-life. For sparsely sampled matrices (colon tissue homogenate, colon tissue cells, and 
rectal fluid), we will use population PK methods to build PK models describing individual PK parameter 
estimates and typical values for the population along with significant covariates (possibly weight, age, 
pharmacogenetics, creatinine clearance). Tenfovir and TFV-DP assays will be performed by the Clinical 
Pharmacology Analytical Laboratory (CPAL) at Hopkins and are validated following FDA bioanalytical 
guidance and approved by an NIH-cross network Clinical Pharmacology Quality Assurance (CPQA) program 
before used in clinical studies. Primary PK analyses will be testing for (1) differences in PK measures 
between the two age groups (Kruskal-Wallis) and (2) comparison with DREAM-01 PK results.  
 
Secondary/Exploratory Endpoints: 
 
Acceptability correlates. We will also examine previously identified correlates of product acceptability, 
including participants’ prior experiences and comfort using rectal products, as well as douching or other rectal 
hygiene practices. We will also explore reactions to the study product and administration method, including 
participants’ perceptions of their partners’ reactions and future intention to use product if found to be 
effective. These assessments will allow investigators to identify product attributes likely to challenge and/or 
facilitate future sustained use when applied rectally by participants.  
 
Explant studies. Cumulative p24 produced per biopsy from tissue culture supernatants collected 4, 7, 10, and 
14 days after ex vivo HIV challenge will be the dependent variable in pharmacodynamic modeling. Each post-
dose result will be compared to the pre-dose baseline. Concentration-response PK-PD analyses will be 
explored to estimate baseline cumulative p24 concentration (E0), maximum inhibition of cumulative p24 
suppression (Imax) and concentration associated with half-maximal inhibitory effect (IC50).  
 
Histology and Microbiome. The association of mucosal parameters with study products will be examined. 
Changes between time points and the baseline visit will be calculated and used as the outcome for the 
analysis. Additional exploratory analysis will be largely dependent on tissue models of pharmacokinetic and 


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pharmacodynamic parameters. These are currently in development as an overall objective of the DREAM 
Program and will be largely dependent upon findings related to the primary objectives; they will be fully 
developed only subsequent to achieving the primary objectives.  
 
9.7  
Missing Data 
All reasonable efforts will be made to obtain complete data for all participants; however, missing observations 
will occur due to missed visits, participants lost to follow-up, or noncompliance. Research participants who 
fail to complete dosing and evaluations relevant to all study product doses for any reason may be replaced at 
discretion of the study site investigator after consultation with the Sponsor.  Data for PK and distribution will 
be required of all periods of the study or the research participant will be replaced.  
 
Several procedures will be used to conduct data analysis when data for either outcomes or covariates are 
missing. The first step will be to assess the extent and pattern of missing data. If data are missing for only a 
few cases, then data analysis will be conducted only on study participants with complete data. However, when 
such a strategy would result in loss of data from a substantial proportion of participants, or if this approach 
would lead to biased or inaccurate results, then some form of imputation will be performed. The form of 
imputation used will depend on the nature of the data that are missing. For example, data that are collected 
repeatedly might be imputed using the “last value carried forward” method; and in some instances, 
interpolation between neighboring points might also be used. When the primary endpoint is missing, one data 
analysis will be conducted using only cases with the endpoint. Subsequent analysis will be done where 
missing endpoints are imputed. Hot-deck imputation or regression imputation may also be used in this 
context. 
 
As previously noted, all available data will be used for safety purposes. All available data will also be used for 
descriptive purposes. Formal statistical comparisons between study products, however, must necessarily be 
limited to subjects who complete use of study products. The between-product comparisons are critical to 
allow the use of the data in this study to guide future rectal microbicide development. Accordingly, the 
protocol principal investigators in consultation with the site investigators will determine if research 
participants who fail to complete all PK collection sessions should be replaced. Replacement subjects would 
be assigned the same sampling schedule as the subject they are replacing. 
 
The familywise error rate corrections will be used to adjust for multiple comparisons. 
 
Missing data adjustment methods will be investigated using multiple imputation and sensitivity analyses in 
the event of possible informative missingness. 
 
 


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10. 
DATA HANDLING AND RECORDKEEPING 
 
10.1 Data Management Responsibilities 
 
Due to the congruency of ATN’s mission with that of HIV/AIDS Networks supported by the NIAID Division 
of AIDS (DAIDS), NICHD has adapted and implemented several DAIDS policies and requirements for the 
ATN. Study case report forms will be developed by the study team and the Emory Analytic Core.  Quality 
control reports and queries routinely will be generated and distributed to the study sites for verification and 
resolution prior to reporting data to NICHD. 
 
10.2   Source Documents and Access to Source Data/Documents 
 
All study sites will maintain source documents and data in accordance with Requirements for Source 
Documentation in DAIDS Funded and/or Sponsored Clinical Trials: 
(http://www.niaid.nih.gov/LabsAndResources/resources/DAIDSClinRsrch/Documents/sourcedocpolicy.pdf). 
 
Each investigator will maintain and securely store complete, accurate, and current study records throughout 
the study.  Per US regulations, for all investigational products tested, the investigators will retain all study 
records on site for at least two years following the date of marketing approval for the study product for the 
indication in which it was studied.  If no marketing application is to be filed or if the application is not 
approved, the records must be retained until two years after the investigation is discontinued and the US FDA 
is notified. 
 
Study records must be maintained on site for the entire period of study implementation.  Thereafter, 
instructions for record storage will be provided by Sponsor.  No study records may be moved to an off-site 
location or destroyed prior to receiving approval from both NICHD and Sponsor. 
 
10.3   Quality Control and Quality Assurance 
 
Quality control and quality assurance procedures will be performed by all study sites as specified in 
Requirements for Clinical Quality Management Plans at DAIDS Funded and/or Supported Clinical Research 
Sites: https://www.niaid.nih.gov/sites/default/files/qmppolicy.pdf 
 
10.4    Study Coordination 
 
Study implementation will follow this protocol, which may not be amended without prior written approval 
from the DREAM Program Chair, who is also the IND Sponsor, and Dr. Bill Kapogiannis - ATN Medical 
Officer. Study implementation will also be guided by a common study-specific procedures manual that 
provides further instructions and operational guidance on conducting study visits; data and forms processing; 
specimen collection, processing, and shipping; AE assessment, management and reporting; dispensing study 
products and documenting product accountability; and other study operations. 
 
Close coordination between protocol team members is necessary to track study progress, respond to queries 
about proper study implementation, and address other issues in a timely manner. Rates of accrual, retention, 
follow-up, and AE incidence will be monitored closely by the team. 
 
 
 


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11. 
CLINICAL SITE MONITORING 
 
Due of the congruency of ATN’s mission with that of HIV/AIDS Networks supported by the NIAID Division 
of AIDS (DAIDS), NICHD has adapted and implemented several DAIDS policies and requirements for the 
ATN. Study monitoring will be carried out by representatives from the ATN iTech Management and Analytic 
Core.  Site monitoring visits will be conducted to assess overall study compliance, as required per 
Requirements for On-Site Monitoring of DAIDS Funded and/or Sponsored Clinical Trials, GCP, and FDA 
regulations 21 CFR Part 312: 
 
https://www.niaid.nih.gov/sites/default/files/onsitemonitor_reqs.pdf 
 
Study monitors will visit the site to complete the following: 
• 
Assess compliance with the study protocol, Good Clinical Practices (GCP) guidelines, and applicable 
regulatory requirements, including US CFR Title 45 Part 46 and Title 21 Parts 50, 56, and 312 
• 
Review informed consent forms, procedures, and documentation 
• 
Perform source document verification to ensure the accuracy and completeness of study data 
• 
Verify proper collection and storage of biological specimens 
• 
Verify proper storage, dispensing, and accountability of investigational study products 
• 
Assess implementation and documentation of internal site quality management procedures 
• 
Assess site staff training needs 
 
Site investigators will allow study monitors to inspect study facilities and documentation (e.g., informed 
consent forms, clinic and laboratory records, other source documents, case report forms), as well as observe 
the performance of study procedures.  Investigators also will allow inspection of all study-related 
documentation by authorized representatives of NICHD, the IND Sponsor, and US regulatory authorities.  A 
site visit log will be maintained at the study site to document all visits.  The outcomes of the monitoring visits 
and the subsequent reports of resolutions of any identified problems will be provided to the Sponsor of the 
IND application. 
 
 
 


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12. 
HUMAN SUBJECTS 
This study will be conducted in compliance with the protocol, ICH Good Clinical Practice guidelines, and 45 
CFR Part 46. 
 
The investigators will make efforts to minimize risks to participants.  Volunteers and study staff members will 
take part in a thorough informed consent process.  Before beginning the study, the investigators will have 
obtained IRB approval, and the protocol will have been submitted to the appropriate regulatory agencies 
involved in this trial.  The investigators will permit audits by the NIH, Sponsor, Office for Human Research 
Protections (OHRP), the FDA or any of their appointed agents and other local, US, and international 
regulatory entities. 
 
12.1   Institutional Review Boards 
 
The Johns Hopkins University Institutional Review Board (JHM IRB) will serve as the single IRB of record, 
and will be responsible for assuring that this protocol, the associated site-specific informed consent 
documents, and study-related materials meet regulatory standards. Any amendments to the protocol, informed 
consent documents, and other study-related materials must be approved by the single IRB of record. 
 
Subsequent to the initial review and approval, the JHM IRB must review the study at least annually. The 
study team will submit safety and progress reports to the IRB at least annually and within three months after 
study termination or completion. These reports will include the total number of participants enrolled in the 
study, the number of participants who completed the study, all changes in the research activity, and all 
unanticipated problems involving risks to human subjects or others.  
 
12.2   Protocol Registration 
 
Prior to implementation of this protocol, and any subsequent full version amendments, the study site must 
have the protocol and the protocol consent form(s) approved, as appropriate, by their local institutional review 
board (IRB)/ethics committee (EC) and any other applicable regulatory entity (RE). Upon receiving final 
approval, the site will submit all required protocol registration documents to the ATN Analytic Core (iTech) .  
The ATN Analytic Core (iTech) will review the submitted protocol registration packet to ensure that all of the 
required documents have been received. 
 
Site-specific informed consent forms (ICFs) WILL NOT be reviewed or approved by the ATN Analytic Core 
(iTech), and sites will receive an Initial Registration Notification when the ATN Analytic Core (iTech) 
receives a complete registration packet. Receipt of an Initial Registration Notification indicates successful 
completion of the protocol registration process. The site will not receive any additional notifications from the 
ATN Analytic Core (iTech) for the initial protocol registration. A copy of the Initial Registration Notification 
should be retained in the site's regulatory files. 
 
Upon receiving final IRB/EC and any other applicable RE approval(s) for an amendment, the study site 
should implement the amendment immediately. The site is required to submit an amendment registration 
packet to the ATN Analytic Core (iTech). The ATN Analytic Core (iTech) will review the submitted protocol 
registration packet to ensure that all the required documents have been received. Site-specific ICF(s) WILL 
NOT be reviewed and approved by the ATN Analytic Core (iTech) and sites will receive an Amendment 
Registration Notification when the ATN Analytic Core (iTech)  receives a complete registration packet. A 
copy of the Amendment Registration Notification should be retained in the site's regulatory files. 


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12.3   Study Coordination 
 
Study implementation will be directed by this protocol, which may not be amended without prior written 
approval from the Protocol Chairs and ATN Medical Officer. Study implementation will also be guided by a 
common Study-Specific Procedures (SSP) Manual that provides further instructions and operational guidance 
on conducting study visits; data and forms processing; specimen collection, processing, and shipping; AE 
assessment, management and reporting; dispensing study products and documenting product accountability; 
and other study operations. Standardized study-specific training will be provided by JHU investigators to the 
site by the SDMC, LC and other designated members of the Protocol Team.  
 
Close coordination between protocol team members is necessary to track study progress, respond to queries 
about proper study implementation, and address other issues in a timely manner. The PSRT and SMC will 
address issues related to study eligibility and AE management and reporting as needed to assure consistent case 
management and documentation. Rates of accrual, adherence, follow-up, and AE incidence will be monitored 
closely by the protocol team, PSRT, and the SMC. 
 
12.3 
Risk-Benefit Statement 
12.3.1 Risks 
It is not expected that this trial will expose human subjects to unreasonable risk. 
 
Breach of Confidentiality 
A potential risk to participants is violation of confidentiality. We will take the utmost caution to protect the 
confidentiality of all responses. We will minimize this risk by maintaining confidentiality and discretion 
throughout all iTech research procedures and data management and analysis.  We will develop procedures to 
minimize indirect disclosure that a participant is participating in an HIV- related research study, or a study 
that enrolls MSM. For each mode of contact information, we will ask specifically whether anyone else 
potentially has access to that mode of communication, and if it is acceptable to leave a non-specific message 
about participation in a health study. No study-related messages will ever mention HIV prevention or the 
nature of the research study. Additionally, all scripts for email, text message, and telephone contact with 
participants will be reviewed and approved by the Johns Hopkins IRB before being used for contact with 
participants.  
Data Security 
Participants may be concerned about the security of their data, particularly since it is collected and stored 
electronically. The iTECH Analytic Core has significant experience developing security protocols for 
Internet-based studies, and we will take a variety of steps to ensure participant security, including using a 
dedicated server behind a firewall, encryption of data, separation of identifiers from responses, and password-
protected access to data. Therefore, we believe that this risk will be minimal.  
We will secure study data with all appropriate physical, electronic and operational protections. Data will be 
stored in a physically secure environment. All data files will have encryption and strong password protection. 
Any identifiable data will either be stored on secure servers or will be on fully encrypted laptops. Access to 
data will be on a role-based standard; only those study staff who require access to each type of data to 
complete their study-related roles will be allowed access. All study staff will be trained in security and 
confidentiality procedures, and will sign a confidentiality agreement before receiving access to any participant 
data.  


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General 
Phlebotomy and insertion of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVs) may lead to discomfort, feelings of 
dizziness or faintness, and/or bruising, swelling and/or infection, and vein irritation.  Less common risks from 
PIVs include local site infiltration or clotting.  Very rarely, PIV’s can be associated with a venous air 
embolism. Disclosure of STI status may cause sadness or depression in volunteers.  Participation in clinical 
research includes the risks of loss of confidentiality and discomfort with the personal nature of questions. 
 
Although all efforts will be made to protect participant privacy and confidentiality, it is possible that 
participant's involvement in the study could become known to others, and that social harms may result (i.e. 
become known as HIV-infected or at "high risk" for HIV infection).  For example, participants could be 
treated unfairly or discriminated against, or could have problems being accepted by their families, employer, 
and/or communities. 
 
Participants in sites requiring partner notification in response to diagnosed STIs or HIV infection could have 
problems in their relationships with their sexual partners.  Participants also could have problems in their 
partner relationships associated with use or attempted use of study products. In addition, participants could 
misunderstand the current experimental status of the study gels (i.e., their unknown safety and unproven 
efficacy) and as a result increase their HIV risk behaviors while in the study. 
 
Rectal Swabs 
There is the risk of mild discomfort from this procedure, in addition to a slight risk of bleeding.  
 
General Risks of Douches 
The main risk from having an enema is temporary discomfort.  A hollow plastic tube about the thickness of a 
pencil will be used to administer approximately 120-125 mL of enema fluid into the rectum. This may cause a 
“bloated” or “cramping” feeling.  Some air may be pumped into the rectum as well, causing flatulence.  The 
tube is small, but it might cause some anal or rectal discomfort if the subject has any hemorrhoids or other 
painful conditions. There is a remote possibility that the enema tip could cause perforation. 
 
Tenofovir Formulation Enemas 
TFV has been administered as a rectal topical agent in several prior studies as summarized in the introduction. 
The very high osmolality of the VF gel was associated with some GI side effects in RMP-02/MTN-006. In 
subsequent studies (CHARM-01, CHARM-02, MTN-017) lower osmolality formulations (RGVF and RF) 
have not been associated with these earlier VF symptoms. These lower osmolality formulations have been 
associated with excellent safety profiles with no clear association of AEs with study product.    
 
To date, the TFV douche has been well tolerated. In the DREAM-01 study, two of 85 reported adverse events, 
blood spotting in effluent immediately after douching, and rectal dryness were deemed related to the study 
product. Both were graded as mild.  
 
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy with Biopsies 
Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a commonly practiced medical procedure and the endoscopic procedures done in this 
trial will not involve any unusual risks or discomforts. The risks associated with these procedures include mild 
discomfort and the feeling of having a “bloated stomach”.  Endoscopic biopsies are painless and heal quickly 
within 3 days. On extremely rare occasions, the endoscopic procedure or biopsies may lead to pain, infection 
(sepsis), bleeding or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. Perforation occurs approximately once out of every 


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1 in 1,000 to 10,000 procedures. If this extremely rare complication occurs, antibiotics and surgery to repair the 
tear may be necessary.  
 
Risks of Moderate Sedation (if required) 
Risks include amnesia during the period of sedation, and occasionally shivering, mild nausea or over-sedation 
can occur. It is extremely rare for any other complications to occur, but over-sedation may also cause respiratory 
depression and changes in blood pressure that, if not monitored correctly, could become life-threatening. 
Participants are continuously monitored during sedation and an anesthesiologist is available to optimize 
participant safety. A period of sleepiness may persist for several hours after the procedure. 
  
Anoscopy and Luminal Fluid Collection 
It is possible that the participant may experience mild discomfort, embarrassment or, rarely, pain (should they 
have another condition that is already causing pain in the area) during this procedure.  If there is any pain 
experienced during the procedures, the study clinician will adapt or stop the procedure. 
 
Risks of Computer-Assisted Questionnaire 
There may be discomfort or embarrassment related to questions dealing with sexual behaviors and personal 
habits. If some of the questions upset or make the research participant uncomfortable, they may choose not to 
answer them. Participants will also be able to refuse to answer any question that makes them uncomfortable. 
 
12.3.2 Benefits 
 
Participants in this study will experience no direct benefit. Participants and others may benefit in the future 
from information learned from this study. Specifically, information learned in this study may lead to the 
development of safe and effective interventions to prevent HIV acquisition and transmission. Participants also 
may appreciate the opportunity to contribute to the field of HIV prevention research.  
 
Participants will receive HIV/STI risk reduction counseling, HIV and STI testing, and physical and rectal 
examinations. Participants may be provided or referred for STI treatment free of charge. In addition, STI 
testing and treatment may be offered and/or referrals may be provided for their partners. For other medical 
conditions identified as part of the study screening and/or follow-up procedures, participants will be referred 
to other sources of care available in their community. Some participants may have the opportunity to access 
expedited treatment and benefit from decreased morbidity due to early diagnosis and treatment of 
abnormalities identified during tests, examinations, and referrals 
 
12.4     Informed Consent Process 
 
It is the responsibility of the study site investigator to ensure that the Elements of Informed Consent (21 CFR 
50.25 and ICH GCP 4.8.10) and Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act (HIPAA) guidelines are 
followed and documented in the source document file.  The process for obtaining informed consent from 
potential research participants should be clearly documented and appropriately filed within the site’s standard 
operating procedures. 
 
Written informed consent will be obtained from each study participant prior to initiation of any study 
procedures.  Consent forms will explain the purpose of the study, the procedures to be followed, and the risks 
and benefits of participation, in accordance with all applicable regulations. The informed consent process will 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
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cover all elements of informed consent required by research regulations, inclusive of the following topics of 
importance to this study:  
 
• The unknown safety and unproven efficacy of the study products 
• The need to practice safer sex behaviors regardless of study treatment group 
• The importance of adherence to the study visit and procedures schedule 
• The potential medical risks of study participation (and what to do if such risks are experienced) 
• The potential social harms associated with study participation (and what to do if such harms are 
experienced) 
• The limited benefits of study participation 
• The distinction between research and clinical care 
• The right to withdraw from the study at any time 
 
The consent/assent form describes all study procedures, including confidentiality and privacy, information 
about potential risks, discomforts, benefits of participation, and information regarding who they can contact 
with further questions. It also states that participation is voluntary, that participants may decide not to take 
part or to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty or loss of any benefit to which they might 
otherwise be entitled, and that study participation is in no way related to being able to access or continue 
getting care or services at any participating study site. Participants can refuse to answer any question, and can 
withdraw from the study at any time. The PIs, Co-PIs, or designee at each site will review all informed 
consents and assents.   
 
If during the trial, a consent revision is being presented, including new information that might affect the research 
participant’s willingness to participate, participants will be informed of the revisions. If a research participant 
terminates the study and consent form revision occurs after their participation has ended, they do not need to 
sign the revised consent form. 
 
Written informed consent also will be obtained for long-term specimen storage and possible future testing. In 
obtaining and documenting informed consent, the investigators and their sub-investigators will comply with 
applicable local and US regulatory requirements and will adhere to GCP and to the ethical principles that have 
their origin in the Declaration of Helsinki.  Study staff must document the informed consent process in 
accordance with the Requirements for Source Documentation in ATN Funded and/or Sponsored Clinical 
Trials available in Chapter 8 of ATN MOPP (https://sites.cscc.unc.edu/atn/system/files/private-
docs/MOPP08_Data%20Management.pdf), NIAID policy (https://www.niaid.nih.gov/sites/default/files/daids-
sourcedocpolicy.pdf), and NIAID requirements: 
(https://www.niaid.nih.gov/sites/default/files/sourcedocappndx.pdf).  
 
Participants will be provided with copies of the informed consent forms if they are willing to receive them.  
The study site is responsible for developing study informed consent forms for local use, based on the 
templates in the Appendices that describe the purpose of the study, the procedures to be followed, and the 
risks and benefits of participation, in accordance with all applicable regulations. 
 
12.4.1 Parental consent and inclusion of minors 
 
This research will involve adolescent MSM between 15-17 years old. The age range is critical for this 
research because rates of HIV-related risk behaviors being in adolescence and peak as youth transition into 
adulthood, and interventions delivered during this time can have the potential to prevent future escalation and 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
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consequences associated with HIV. Given the limited inclusion of youth in HIV biomedical prevention trials, 
this study has the potential for significant gains for this age group. For participants between the ages of 15 and 
17 years, we will request that they are accompanied by a parent and/or legal guardian. These participants will 
also be asked to assent to participate in study activities.  
 
Similar to prior PrEP trials with youth at the Site, a licensed social worker will serve as the Participant 
Advocate (JHSPH IRB00007369) and will be present for all study-related procedures if the parent/legal 
guardian is unable to attend. We will ascertain the extent to which parental permission influences YMSM’s 
willingness to participate in biomedical trials among the subsample who is eligible yet decides not to enroll in 
the study using in-depth interviews (n=32), as well as those who enroll in the trial (n=16).  
 
12.4.2 Assessing for decisional capacity 
The informed consent process will include an assessment of each potential participant’s understanding of 
concepts identified by the protocol team as essential to the informed consent decision. For all participants, the 
research assistant (RA) reviews the informed consent/assent to assess the youth’s decisional capacity and 
ability to provide consent/assent prior to signing, using a 2-step process. First, the RA determines if the person 
understands the study goals by asking “Can you tell me what this study is about?” In step 2, potential 
participants will be asked questions designed to assess their capacity to understand, appreciate, reason with, 
and express a choice about participation in our specific protocol. Participants will be asked to: name things 
they will be expected to do during the study; explain what they would do if they no longer wished to 
participate in the study; explain what they would do if they experienced distress during the study; and identify 
potential risks for participating in the study. For youth who cannot answer these questions, the RA will go 
back and review the relevant elements of consent with the participant again and repeat the process. Youth who 
appear not to understand after repeated review will not be enrolled in the study. 
 
12.5    Participant Confidentiality 
 
All study procedures will be conducted in private and every effort will be made to protect participant privacy 
and confidentiality to the extent possible. The study site will implement confidentiality protections that reflect 
the local study implementation plan and the input of study staff and community representatives to identify 
potential confidentiality issues and strategies to address them.  In addition to local considerations, the 
protections described below will be implemented at all sites. 
 
All laboratory specimens, questionnaires, evaluation forms, reports, and other records will be identified by a 
coded number and initials only, to maintain participant confidentiality. All records with personally-identifying 
information will be kept in a locked, limited access area (such as a locked file cabinet).  All computer entry 
and networking programs will be done with coded numbers and initials only.  Clinical information will not be 
released without written permission of the participant (and parent or legal guardian, when applicable), except 
as necessary for monitoring by the iTECH MC or NICHD. 
 
All study-related information will be stored securely at the study site.  All participant information will be 
stored in locked file cabinets in areas with access limited to study staff.  Data collection, process, and 
administrative forms, laboratory specimens and other reports will be identified by a coded number only, to 
maintain participant confidentiality. Forms, lists, logbooks, appointment books and any other listings that link 
participant ID numbers to other identifying information will be stored in a separate, locked file in an area with 
limited access. All local databases will be secured with password-protected access systems.  Participants’ 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
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study information will not be released without their written permission, except as necessary for review, 
monitoring, and/or auditing by: 
• Representatives of the US Federal Government, including the US Food and Drug Administration 
(FDA), the US Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP), NIH, and/or contractors of the NIH 
• Representatives of the Sponsor 
• DREAM IND Regulatory Program  
• Site IRB 
• JHU legal representatives and other JHU staff 
 
12.5.1 
Certificate of Confidentiality 
This research specifically targets a vulnerable population, children (YMSM ages 15-17). We will take every 
available step to minimize the risk of identifying/linking data being subpoenaed, stolen, or inadvertently 
released. First, the iTech has obtained a Certificate of Confidentiality from the NIH. Second, all research staff 
members are required to complete ethical clearance certification regarding protection of human’s subjects 
through their relevant IRBs. Third, all studies will have documented procedures to safeguard against the risk 
of the linking information being stolen by keeping such information in a locked spaces to which only essential 
study personnel who have completed CITI certification for human subjects research ethics training 
(http://citiprogram.org) will have access.  
Per Section 2012 of the 21st Century Cures Act as implemented in the 2017 NIH Certificates of 
Confidentiality Policy, all ongoing or new research funded by NIH as of December 13, 2016 that is collecting 
or using identifiable, sensitive information is automatically issued a CoC. As noted on the NIH website 
(http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/COC/faqs.htm#187), a Certificate of Confidentiality will help the research 
team “...avoid compelled ‘involuntary disclosure’ (e.g., subpoenas) of names and other identifying 
information about any individual who participates as a research subject (i.e., about whom the investigator 
maintains identifying information) during any time the Certificate is in effect.”  
12.6     Special Populations 
 
This section outlines considerations made for the inclusion or exclusion of special populations in this study. 
 
12.6.1  Women 
 
Only healthy male volunteers with a history of recent RAI will be included in this study, as the rationale for 
use of the enema as rectal microbicide is based on established behaviors in MSM related to pre-RAI enema 
use. The enema use behaviors in women are far less well studied and, where data do exist, it suggests women 
do not use enemas in the same manner as MSM. This selected MSM population also comprises a large portion 
of the target population for rectal microbicide use in the United States. 
 
12.6.2  Children 
 
The NIH has mandated that children be included in research trials when appropriate.  This study meets 
Justifications for Exclusion criteria for younger children as set forth by the NIH.  Because of the need to 
understand douching as a potential PrEP option for adolescents, this study plans to enroll adolescents defined 
as 15 -24 years old. 
 


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12.7  Compensation 
 
Pending IRB approval, participants will be compensated for their time and effort in this study, and/or be 
reimbursed for travel to study visits, child care, and time away from work according to site’s practice.  
Reimbursement amounts will be specified in the site’s informed consent form. 
 
Participants will also receive a per diem for food and round trip fare to the study site ($110 total), as well as 
having their hotel covered by study.   
Participants who do not complete visit 4 will receive a pro-rated amount for visits completed (at $25 per visit 
completed). All participants who participate in the study will be offered the opportunity to participate in an in-
depth interview. This is regardless of which visit is completed. Participants will be provided food and 
transportation at each study. If participants need to stay overnight for a visit (for example, between visit 3 and 
4), the study will also cover a one night’s hotel stay.  
 
12.8      Communicable Disease Reporting 
 
Study staff will comply with all applicable local requirements to report communicable diseases including HIV 
identified among study participants to local health authorities.  Participants will be made aware of all 
reporting requirements during the study informed consent process. 
 
12.9  Access to HIV-related Care 
 
12.9.1 
HIV Counseling 
 
HIV test-related counseling will be provided to all potential study participants who consent to undergo HIV 
screening to determine their eligibility for this study.  Testing will be performed in accordance with the 
algorithm in Appendix II. Counseling will be provided in accordance with standard HIV counseling policies 
and methods at the participating study site and additionally will emphasize the unknown efficacy of the study 
products in preventing HIV infection.  In accordance with NIH policies, participants must receive their HIV 
test results to take part in this study. Referral for additional counseling related to testing or diagnosis will 
occur if needed or requested by the participant. 
 
12.9.2 
Care for Participants Identified as HIV-infected 
 
Participants will be provided with their HIV test results in the context of post-test counseling. Per site SOPs, 
participants found to be HIV-infected will be referred to available sources of medical and psychosocial care 
and support, and local research studies for HIV-infected adults. 
 
12.10 Study Discontinuation 
 
This study may be discontinued at any time by NICHD, Sponsor, US FDA, the OHRP, or site IRB. 
 
 
 


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13. 
PARTICIPANT MANAGEMENT 
13.1 
Tracking Participants / Follow-up 
Participants will be contacted to schedule their visits and IDIs. Multiple contact methods will be used for 
participants to remind them about their scheduled visits, (e.g., phone calls, alternative email addresses, text 
messages, Facebook/other social media accounts). Participants will be asked whether or not messages can be 
left for any phone numbers they provide. They will be informed that messages will not contain any 
information regarding the nature of the project. 
    
13.2 
Intervening on “Social Harms"  
All sites have specific policies governing the treatment of human subjects.  These policies specify that 
medical and psychological assistance will be available in the immediate environment in the event a participant 
should experience any adverse reactions resulting from study procedures.  
While participants will be informed that they may refuse to answer any question at any time, responses or 
reactions to certain questions may indicate distress on the part of the participants.  If at any time during the 
study, a participant divulges that he or she is at risk for harm, including but not limited to being abused or 
experiencing violence, if harm is suspected or likely, or if the participant states he or she is suicidal/homicidal, 
measures will be taken to ensure his or her safety.  Reporting will be done as appropriate to the situation and 
the legal statutes, including reporting to child protection agencies or other appropriate agencies and referrals 
will be provided to appropriate support, counseling or treatment resources. 
 
13.3 
Criteria for Premature Study Discontinuation 
The principal investigator has the authority to withdraw any participant at any time if it their opinion it would 
be in the best interest of the participant. The participant will be informed of this withdrawal and explained the 
rationale. Withdrawal will be documented in the study tracking system. 
 
Subjects will be prematurely discontinued from the study if any of the following occurs:  
a. 
The subject withdraws consent/assent;  
b. 
The study is cancelled by the NIH (or iTech, or other administrative entity); 
c. 
The study is cancelled for other administrative reasons; or 
d. 
Death of the subject. 
 
Participants may end their participation in the study at any time. No further data collection will occur from the 
date the decision is made to permanently discontinue the subject from the study. Participants who experience 
distress during the survey can access our list of community referrals or contact the research staff using the 
information provided to the participant during the consent/assent process. Any unexpected adverse events that 
meet the New Safety Information reporting criteria will be immediately reported to the UNC-CH IRB and the 
respective sites’ IRBs if applicable. All study activities will halt pending UNC-CH IRB review and 
recommendations if necessary. If a participant withdraws from the research, all data collected will be 
immediately destroyed and will not be used in subsequent analysis. 
 
If a participant withdraws or is removed from the study, the DREAM Study Stop Form will be completed. 
 
 


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14. 
PUBLICATION OF RESEARCH FINDINGS 
NICHD and ATN policies will govern publication of the results of this study. Any presentation, abstract or 
manuscript will be made available for review by the study sponsors prior to submission.   
 
 


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23. 
McCormack S, Dunn DT, Desai M, et al. Pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent the acquisition of HIV-1 infection 
(PROUD): effectiveness results from the pilot phase of a pragmatic open-label randomised trial. Lancet. 
2016;387(10013):53-60. 
24. 
Hosek SG, Landovitz RJ, Kapogiannis B, et al. Safety and Feasibility of Antiretroviral Preexposure Prophylaxis 
for Adolescent Men Who Have Sex With Men Aged 15 to 17 Years in the United States. JAMA Pediatr. 
2017;171(11):1063-1071. 
25. 
Hosek SG, Rudy B, Landovitz R, et al. An HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Demonstration Project and Safety Study 
for Young MSM. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017;74(1):21-29. 
26. 
Mullins TLK, Zimet G, Lally M, Xu J, Thornton S, Kahn JA. HIV Care Providers' Intentions to Prescribe and 
Actual Prescription of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to At-Risk Adolescents and Adults. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 
2017;31(12):504-516. 
27. 
Arrington-Sanders R, Morgan A, Oidtman J, Qian I, Celentano D, Beyrer C. A Medical Care Missed Opportunity: 
Preexposure Prophylaxis and Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men. J Adolesc Health. 2016;59(6):725-
728. 
28. 
Rectal Microbicide Acceptability, Tolerability and Adherence. U.S. National Library of Medicine 
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03671239. Published 2020. Updated 14August2020. Accessed2020. 
29. 
Noor SW, Rosser BRS. Enema Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Behavioral Epidemiologic Study 
with Implications for HIV/STI Prevention. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 2014;43(4):755-769. 
30. 
Carballo-Dieguez A, Giguere R, Lentz C, Dolezal C, Fuchs EJ, Hendrix CW. Rectal Douching Practices 
Associated with Anal Intercourse: Implications for the Development of a Behaviorally Congruent HIV-
Prevention Rectal Microbicide Douche. AIDS and Behavior. 2018. 
31. 
Giguere R, Carballo-Dieguez, A., Lentz, C., Dolezal, C., Fuchs, EJ., Hendrix, CW. The Potential for a Rectal 
Microbicide Douche: Findings from an International Survey. Paper presented at: Conference on Retroviruses and 
Opportunistic Infections 2020; Boston, MA  
32. 
Galea JT, Kinsler JJ, Imrie J, Nurena CR, Sanchez J, Cunningham WE. Rectal douching and implications for 
rectal microbicides among populations vulnerable to HIV in South America: a qualitative study. Sex Transm 
Infect. 2014;90(1):33-35. 
33. 
Yang KH, Hendrix C, Bumpus N, et al. A multi-compartment single and multiple dose pharmacokinetic 
comparison of rectally applied tenofovir 1% gel and oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. PLoS One. 
2014;9(10):e106196. 
34. 
Anton PA, Elliott J, Poles MA, et al. Enhanced levels of functional HIV-1 co-receptors on human mucosal T cells 
demonstrated using intestinal biopsy tissue. AIDS. 2000;14(12):1761-1765. 
35. 
Lapenta C, Boirivant M, Marini M, et al. Human intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes are naturally permissive 
to HIV-1 infection. Eur J Immunol. 1999;29(4):1202-1208. 
36. 
Patterson KB, Prince HA, Kraft E, et al. Penetration of tenofovir and emtricitabine in mucosal tissues: 
implications for prevention of HIV-1 transmission. Sci Transl Med. 2011;3(112):112re114. 
37. 
Louissaint NA, Cao YJ, Skipper PL, et al. Single dose pharmacokinetics of oral tenofovir in plasma, peripheral 
blood mononuclear cells, colonic tissue, and vaginal tissue. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013;29(11):1443-1450. 
38. 
Hendrix CW. Exploring concentration response in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis to optimize clinical care and 
trial design. Cell. 2013;155(3):515-518. 
39. 
Baeten JM, Donnell D, Ndase P, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and 
women. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(5):399-410. 
40. 
Donnell D, Baeten JM, Bumpus NN, et al. HIV protective efficacy and correlates of tenofovir blood 
concentrations in a clinical trial of PrEP for HIV prevention. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;66(3):340-348. 
41. 
Anderson PL, Glidden DV, Liu A, et al. Emtricitabine-tenofovir concentrations and pre-exposure prophylaxis 
efficacy in men who have sex with men. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4(151):151ra125. 
42. 
Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, et al. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have 
sex with men. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(27):2587-2599. 


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43. 
Anton PA, Cranston RD, Kashuba A, et al. RMP-02/MTN-006: A phase 1 rectal safety, acceptability, 
pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic study of tenofovir 1% gel compared with oral tenofovir disoproxil 
fumarate. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2012;28(11):1412-1421. 
44. 
Richardson-Harman N, Hendrix CW, Bumpus NN, et al. Correlation between Compartmental Tenofovir 
Concentrations and an Ex Vivo Rectal Biopsy Model of Tissue Infectibility in the RMP-02/MTN-006 Phase 1 
Study. PLoS One. 2014;9(10):e111507. 
45. 
Thigpen MC, Kebaabetswe PM, Paxton LA, et al. Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis for heterosexual HIV 
transmission in Botswana. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(5):423-434. 
46. 
Truvada [package insert]. In. Foster City, CA: Gilead Sciences, Inc.; 2012. 
47. 
Weber J, Chakraborty B, Weberova J, Miller MD, Quinones-Mateu ME. Diminished replicative fitness of primary 
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates harboring the K65R mutation. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43(3):1395-
1400. 
48. 
Whitcomb JM, Parkin NT, Chappey C, Hellmann NS, Petropoulos CJ. Broad nucleoside reverse-transcriptase 
inhibitor cross-resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clinical isolates. J Infect Dis. 
2003;188(7):992-1000. 
49. 
Knox DC, Anderson PL, Harrigan PR, Tan DH. Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1 Infection despite Preexposure 
Prophylaxis. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(5):501-502. 
50. 
Markowitz M, Grossman H, Anderson PL, et al. Newly Acquired Infection With Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1 in a 
Patient Adherent to Preexposure Prophylaxis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2017;76(4):e104-e106. 
51. 
Marrazzo JM, Ramjee G, Richardson BA, et al. Tenofovir-based preexposure prophylaxis for HIV infection 
among African women. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(6):509-518. 
52. 
Van Damme L, Corneli A, Ahmed K, et al. Preexposure prophylaxis for HIV infection among African women. 
N Engl J Med. 2012;367(5):411-422. 
53. 
Baeten JM, Donnell D, Ndase P, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and 
women. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(5):399-410. 
54. 
Xiao P, Gumber, S., Marzinke, MA., Date, AA., Hoang, T., Hanes, J., Ensign, LM., Wang, L., Rohan, L., Fuchs, 
EJ., Hendrix, C., Villinger, F. . Hypo-osmolar Formulation of Tenofovir (TFV) Enema Promotes Uptake and 
Metabolism of TFV in Tissues, Leading to Prevention of SHIV/SIV Infection. Antimicrobial agents and 
chemotherapy. 2017;62(1):e01644-01617. 
55. 
Xiao P, Gumber, S., Marzinke, MA., Date, A., Hoang, T., Hanes, J., Ensign, L., Wang, L., Rohan, LC., Cone, R., 
Fuchs, EJ., Hendrix, CW., Villinger, F. Hypo-osmolar Rectal Douche Delivered TFV Distributes TFV Differently 
Than Oral PrEP. Paper presented at: Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections2020; Boston, MA 
USA  
56. 
Villinger F. Hypo-osmolar Rectal Douche Delivers Tenofovir to the Rectal Mucosa and Effectively Protects 
Macaques Against Repeated SHIV Challenges. Paper presented at: HIV Research for Prevention2018; Madrid, 
Spain. 
57. 
Weld. E. et a. Tenofovir Douche for PrEP: On-demand, Behaviorally-congruent Douche Rapidly Achieves Colon 
Tissue Concentration Targets (DREAM 01 Study). HIV Research for Prevention; 2018 Madrid, Spain. 
58. 
Carballo-Dieguez A, Giguere R, Lentz C, Dolezal C, Fuchs EJ, Hendrix CW. Rectal douching practices associated 
with anal intercourse: Implications for the development of a behaviorally congruent HIV-prevention rectal 
microbicide douche. In:2018. 
59. 
Herold BC, Chen BA, Salata RA, et al. Impact of Sex on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of 1% 
Tenofovir Gel. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(3):375-382. 
60. 
Molina JM, Capitant C, Spire B, et al. On-Demand Preexposure Prophylaxis in Men at High Risk for HIV-1 
Infection. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(23):2237-2246. 
 
 
 
 
 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 89 of 94 
16. 
APPENDICES 
 
APPENDIX I: SCHEDULE OF STUDY VISITS AND EVALUATIONS 
 
Screening 
Visit 
Enrollment 
Visit 
Dosing & Sampling Visits 
Final/Early 
Termination 
Visit 
Follow-
up 
Visit # 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
Phone 
Call 
Visit Day 
 
< 45 days 
from 
Screening 
 
Day 1 
>7d and 
≤21 Days 
from 
Enrollment 
Day 2 
(24hrs) 
Day 4  
(72hrs) 
Day 5 
(+3 days) 
(96hrs) 
if 
needed 
ADMINISTRATIVE 
Informed consent 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assessment of Eligibility 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
Review Demographics & 
Locator Information 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
Review and update 
Medical History 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
Review Concomitant 
Medications 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
AE Assessment 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
Query for Compliance 
with Pre-Visit 
Instructions 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
Provide Pre/Post Visit 
Reminders 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
Review STI Risk 
Reduction Counseling & 
Provide Condoms 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
Participant education: 
flexible sigmoidoscopy 
procedure with biopsy & 
rectal fluid collections 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
Review lab results 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
CLINICAL 
Physical 
Exam 
Complete 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Symptom-
Directed 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
VS (BP, 
HR, Temp, 
HTC‡, 
Wt‡) 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
Cleansing Enema 
 
X 
 
 
X 
 
 
SAFETY LABS 
Blood 
CBC w/ 
Diff 
X 
 
X 
 
 
X 
 
CMP 
X 
 
X 
 
 
X 
 
PO4 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 90 of 94 
HBsAg 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Urine 
Toxicology 
Screen†† 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Screening 
Visit 
Enrollment 
Visit 
Dosing & Sampling Visits 
Final/Early 
Termination 
Visit 
Follow-
up 
Visit # 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
5 
Phone 
Call 
Visit Day 
 
< 45 days 
from 
Screening 
 
Day 1 
>7d and 
≤21 Days 
from 
Enrollment 
Day 2 
(24hrs) 
Day 4  
(72hrs) 
Day 5 
(96hrs) 
If 
needed 
STI TESTING 
Blood 
HIV 
Testing† 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
X 
 
Syphilis 
Testing† 
X 
X††† 
X††† 
 
 
X††† 
 
Urine 
GC/CT 
NAAT 
X 
X††† 
X††† 
 
 
X††† 
 
Rectal Swab 
GC/CT 
NAAT 
X 
X††† 
X††† 
 
 
X††† 
 
Swab 
HSV 
PCR 
NAAT 
X††† 
X††† 
X††† 
 
 
X††† 
 
DOSING/STUDY PRODUCT 
Study Product  
Administration  
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
STUDY SPECIMEN COLLECTION†††† 
Blood 
PK/PBMC1 
Pre-
dose 
 
X 
X 
 
 
 
 
1hr 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
6hr 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
24hr 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
72hr 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
Rectal  
Biopsies*2 
(Not conducted 
in participants 
< age 18; 
Prioritized for 
participants 
>18 years) 
Pre-
dose 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
1hr 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
6hr 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
24hr 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
72hr 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
Douche 
Effluent  
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
Microbiome3 
Pre-
Dose 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
24hr 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
Rectal Fluid*4 
(Not conducted 
in participants 
Pre-
Dose 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
1hr 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 91 of 94 
< age 18; 
Prioritized for 
participants 
>18 years) 
6hr 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
24hr 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
72hr 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
BEHAVIORAL 
In-Depth Interview 
(Ineligible) 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Baseline Behavioral 
Survey5 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
Dose Acceptability 
Questionnaire 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
Acceptability In-Depth 
Interview 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
• 
Height and Weight only at screening 
†  
Confirmation testing as needed – refer to appendices for HIV and syphilis testing algorithms 
††  
Urine immunoassay screen for: Amphetamine/Ecstasy, Barbiturates, Benzodiazopines, Cocaine Metabolite, 
Codeine/Morphine, THC, Oxycodone/Oxymorphone, Fentanyl 
†††  
If clinically indicated 
†††† 
Collection time points are approximate. Every effort will be made to adhere to the timeline, however, due to logistics, timing 
will not be exact and specimen collections may be missed (i.e. during biopsy collection) – these departures from the timeline 
will not be considered deviations and will not be recorded/reported as such 
* 
According to individual participant sampling schedule 
1  
Sampling includes blood plasma and PBMC 
2  
Biopsies in complete sets (10-20 cm from the anal verge) will be performed, to evaluate the concentration range based on prior 
enema distribution studies. Moieties of sampled drug will include TFV, TFV-DP, and dATP.  Biopsies will be processed for PK 
(tissue homogenate, total MMC (cells), histology, and ex vivo HIV explant challenge 
 
A total of up to 5 biopsies will be collected at the baseline visit, post-dosing, up to 20 biopsies will be collected according to each 
participant’s individual sampling schedule. 
3  
Swab for microbiome should be collected prior to dosing, enema administration or rectal fluid collection 
4  
Rectal fluid will be collected on all participants pre-dose 
5 
The Baseline Behavioral survey may be completed at any time from the enrollment visit (Visit 2) until just prior to TFV douche 
dosing om Day 1 (Visit 3). 
 
 
 
 
*  
  
 
 
 
 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 92 of 94 
APPENDIX II: HIV ALGORITHM 
 
In accordance with CDC guidelines for HIV serology testing, The Johns Hopkins Hospital HIV Laboratory 
has moved to a 4th generation assay which is a more sensitive and specific assay. The 4th generation assay is a 
combined antigen and antibody assay for HIV1 and HIV2 serological detection. All reactive samples will be 
confirmed with a rapid multi-spot assay for HIV-1 and HIV-2. The Western blot confirmatory assay is no 
longer performed. Any discrepant results will go on to HIV RNA viral load testing. As with the previous HIV 
serology, no reactive results will be released prior to confirmatory testing.  
 
 
Combo Ag/AB  
HIV-1/HIV-2 
Antibody 
Immunoassay
Reactive 
Nonreactive
 HIV-1/HIV-2 Multispot 
Ab Confirmation
Testing Stops and 
Report
JHH HIV Lab HIV Screening Testing Algorithm Overview
If Multispot Negative/
Indeterminate
HIV-1 Viral Load 
Testing to resolve 
discrepancy
Testing Stops and 
Report
If Multispot 
Positive


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 93 of 94 
APPENDIX III: TOXICITY TABLES 
 
Due of the congruency of ATN’s mission with that of HIV/AIDS Networks supported by the NIAID Division 
of AIDS (DAIDS), NICHD has adapted and implemented several DAIDS policies and requirements for the 
ATN. The Division of AIDS Rectal Grading Table for Use in Microbicide Studies (DAIDS AE Grading Table 
Addendum 3, Clarification dated May 2012) will be the primary tool for grading adverse events for this 
protocol.   
 
Adverse events not included in the Rectal Grading Table will be graded by the most current Division of AIDS 
(DAIDS) Table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events, Corrected Version 2.1. (July 
2017). In cases where an AE is covered in both tables, DAIDS AE Grading Table Addendum 3 will be the 
grading scale utilized.   
 
All Division of AIDS grading tables are available online at:  
https://rsc.niaid.nih.gov/clinical-research-sites/daids-adverse-event-grading-tables 
  
 
 
 
 


ATN 163 V1.0 
 
 
 
 
Page 94 of 94 
APPENDIX IV: SEVERITY GRADING DEFINITIONS FOR UNTOWARD EVENTS (UES) 
 
SOURCE: ATN MANUAL OF POLICIES AND PROCEDURES ON SAFETY AND ADVERSE EVENT 
REPORTING (MOPP 10) 
 
 
 

ICF_001.pdf: 
 
  Approved April 12, 2022 
Date: April 12, 2022 
Principal Investigator: Sanders, Renata Arrington 
Application No.: IRB00272468 
 
 
Page 1 of 19 
Combined Parental Permission/Informed Consent/Authorization December 2018 Version 16 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMBINED PARENTAL PERMISSION /RESEARCH PARTICIPANT 
INFORMED CONSENT AND PRIVACY AUTHORIZATION FORM 
 
Protocol Title:  
Safety, PK/PD, Acceptability, and Desirability of a Novel HIV 
Prevention Douche among Adolescent Men (DREAM-ATN) 
 
Application No.:   
IRB00272468 
 
Sponsor/Supporter/Funded By: 
The study is being paid for by The Eunice Kennedy 
Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human 
Development (NICHD) with co-funding from The 
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and The 
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) 
 
Principal Investigator: Renata Arrington Sanders, MD, MPH, ScM 
 
200 North Wolfe Street 
 
Baltimore, MD 21287 
 
410-502-8166 
 
513-225-2884 
 
 
You are being asked to join a research study. Participation in this study is voluntary. Even if you decide 
to join now, you can change your mind later. 
 
If you are a parent or legal guardian of a child who may take part in this study, your permission is 
required for your child to participate. The assent (agreement) of your child may also be required. When 
we say “you” in this consent form, we mean you or your child. 
 
1. 
Research Summary (Key Information): 
The information in this section is intended to be an introduction to the study only.  Complete details of 
the study are listed in the sections below. If you are considering participation in the study, the entire 
document should be discussed with you before you make your final decision.  You can ask questions 
about the study now and at any time in the future. 
 
You are being asked to participate in this research because you participated in an online behavioral study 
(ATN Dream Behavioral Study) and indicated you were interested in participating in an HIV prevention 
study comparing a rectal douche containing a mixture of saline (i.e., salt water) and the anti-HIV drug 
If appropriate for this study, a scanned copy of 
the signed consent form should be uploaded to 
the participant’s Epic/EMR record. 
 
 
 
 
Patient I.D. plate 


 
  Approved April 12, 2022 
Date: April 12, 2022 
Principal Investigator: Sanders, Renata Arrington 
Application No.: IRB00272468 
 
 
Page 2 of 19 
Combined Parental Permission/Informed Consent/Authorization December 2018 Version 16 
tenofovir.  The study is being done to evaluate the safety of tenofovir, where the tenofovir goes in the 
body after dosing, and the acceptability of the douching product.  This is part of a longer-term project to 
develop a safe and effective tenofovir douche to be used to prevent Human Immunodeficiency Virus 
(HIV) infection associated with anal sex. 
 
If you join this study you will be asked to attend 6 study visits over 4-5 months and you will receive the 
study rectal douche once. You will have physical exams and rectal swabs. For participants age 18 and 
above, there will be collection of rectal fluid and scope procedures to collect rectal biopsies. There are 
some risks to receiving the study douche and procedures which are described later in this document. 
There is no direct benefit or cost to you from being in this study.  
 
2. 
Why is this research being done? 
The study is being done to evaluate the safety of tenofovir, where the tenofovir goes in the body after 
dosing, and the acceptability of the douching product.   
 
The use of the tenofovir douche in this study is investigational. The word “investigational” means 
the tenofovir douche is not approved for marketing by the US Food and Drug Administration 
(FDA) for HIV prevention. This means we do not know if it works to protect against HIV. However, 
the FDA is allowing the use of the tenofovir douche in this study. In future studies, we would like to see 
if this product could prevent HIV. In order to do this, first we need to make sure that it is safe for use. 
 
We will use a formulation of the douche in this study that will include tenofovir mixed in saline. This 
product will be administered during your study visit in our clinic or research unit. 
 
Who can join this study? 
Healthy, HIV-negative adolescent and young adult individuals who were assigned male sex at birth and 
identify as male will be enrolled at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). We are asking young adolescent 
and young adult men to join this study who: 
1. Tell us that they have had consensual receptive (“bottom”) anal sex in the past. 
2. Are HIV negative (uninfected) and agree to use condoms for receptive anal sex for the duration 
of study 
 
How many people will be in this study?  
 
A total of up to 48 individuals will be enrolled to assure that 16 individuals complete the study. 
 
3. 
What will happen if you join this study? 
If you join the study, you will be asked not to put anything (drug/medication, lube, penis, other object, 
sex toy, or douche) in your rectum for 72 hours before and after using the tenofovir douche study 
product, and for participants age 18 and above, 7 days after each flexible sigmoidoscopy (where a 
flexible tube with a scope is placed in the rectum) with biopsy collection. Participants less than age 18 
will not have a flexible sigmoidoscopy. We will give you specific instructions at each visit. You will 
also be asked to avoid using the following products or medications, which are likely to alter the study 
results as well: 
o 
Any rectally administered medications other than study product (including over-the-counter 
products any product containing N-9; N-9 has been shown to change the rectal lining, which 
could result in injury to you) 
o 
Any other investigational products 
 
There are 6 study visits that you will be asked to attend.  


 
  Approved April 12, 2022 
Date: April 12, 2022 
Principal Investigator: Sanders, Renata Arrington 
Application No.: IRB00272468 
 
 
Page 3 of 19 
Combined Parental Permission/Informed Consent/Authorization December 2018 Version 16 
 
STUDY VISITS 
 
Visit 1 – Screening: 
 
The Screening Visit will take about 2 hours.  You will be asked to complete the following procedures: 
 
• 
Sign this form after you have reviewed it carefully and had the chance to ask questions about the 
study 
• 
Answer questions about yourself, such as your medical history, any medicines that you are taking, 
where you live, and how we can contact you.  We will also ask about any known HIV-infected 
partners and about your drug and alcohol use. 
• 
Have a physical exam, including a rectal exam 
• 
Have your height, weight, blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature measured 
• 
Provide urine sample for drug screen to test for recreational drugs and prescription medications 
• 
Provide urine sample for gonorrhea and chlamydia testing  
• 
Have rectal swab collected by a study clinician to be tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia  
• 
If ulcers are present on examination, a swab for herpes simplex virus (HSV) will be collected and 
tested 
• 
Have a blood sample (about 26 mL or ~5 teaspoons) taken to check the following: 
o 
Health of your blood, liver, and kidneys 
o 
Hepatitis B status 
o 
HIV status  
o 
Syphilis test 
• 
Learn from study staff how to avoid infections passed during sex and proper condom use and 
receive condoms from the study staff. 
 
The HIV test is a test for a protein and antibodies to HIV. An antibody is a substance that blood cells 
make to fight infection. A positive HIV test means that your blood sample tested positive for HIV and 
that repeat testing will be performed to confirm (prove) this finding. If your sample is proved to be 
positive for HIV, it means that you are a carrier of HIV. It also means that you can pass the virus to 
others through sexual intercourse, by sharing needles, and through donating blood and organs. A 
negative HIV test means that at this time, no antibody to HIV was found in your sample based on the 
result of the initial screening test, repeat screening tests, or a confirmatory test.    
 
There can be individuals who have HIV test results that are called “false positive.”  That means that, for 
some reason, the test shows that HIV proteins or antibodies are present in the blood when they are not. 
There can also be “false negative” results. That means that the test is negative when HIV is actually 
already present in the blood.  This happens when the person has been infected with HIV, but that 
person’s body has not yet made antibodies to the virus, or HIV antibody is present in the person’s blood, 
but for some reason the test failed to detect it.  
 
You will also be counseled about the risks for transmitting HIV to others, risks for developing AIDS, 
and the available treatments for HIV infection. You will return to the clinic to receive results from this 
repeat test, but will no longer be tested in the clinic for HIV antibody. If you have HIV, you will learn 
from the study staff where you can get care or treatment. 
 
We will give you the test results when they are available. If you have any infections, you will learn from 
the study staff where you can get care or treatment.  


 
  Approved April 12, 2022 
Date: April 12, 2022 
Principal Investigator: Sanders, Renata Arrington 
Application No.: IRB00272468 
 
 
Page 4 of 19 
Combined Parental Permission/Informed Consent/Authorization December 2018 Version 16 
 
If the results of your screening tests show that you are able to continue your participation in this study, 
the study staff will contact you to schedule Visit 2. 
 
If you are HIV negative and you either: decide you are not interested in participating in this study or if 
after the medical screening you are not eligible to be in this study, you will be asked to participate in an 
online-facilitated in-depth interview (IDI).  This may happen as part of the Screening Visit or you may 
be asked to come back at a later time to complete the interview. This interview will examine concerns, 
perceived barriers and challenges when individuals are invited to participate in a biomedical clinical trial 
such as this study.  The IDI will be conducted by a trained interviewer located at UPenn using video-
conferencing. If your HIV test is positive, you will not be asked to participate in the interview. 
 
Visit 2 – Enrollment: 
The baseline study visit will take about 3 hours, and will take place no more than 45 days after Visit 1. 
We will ask that you not have receptive (bottom) anal sex or put anything (drug/medication, penis, other 
object, sex toy or any enema) in rectum for 72 hours before the visit and for participants age 18 and 
above, 7 days after the flexible sigmoidoscopy procedure. Additionally, you may be required to undergo 
pre-procedure COVID-19 testing within 72hrs of any biopsy visit.  If the pre-procedure results indicate 
COVID infection, the procedure visit will be canceled and may be rescheduled at a later time. The 
following activities will be completed at this visit: 
 
• Confirm that you understood and signed the consent form and want to continue study participation 
• You will receive a copy of your test results, if appropriate  
• Your medical history, medications and contact information will be updated as necessary 
• A physical exam will be performed, as needed 
• Your blood pressure, heart rate and temperature will be measured 
• Blood samples (about 6 mL or a little over 1 teaspoon) will be taken for: 
• 
HIV testing 
• 
Testing for tenofovir medication in your blood 
• 
You will receive a cleansing douche 
• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy and Rectal Biopsy Collection for participants age 18 and above:  
After receiving the cleansing douche in the clinic, you will have a flexible sigmoidoscopy 
procedure with biopsy collection.  
 
 
During the flexible sigmoidoscopy procedure, you will be positioned on your left side on an examination 
table. The doctor inserts a flexible, lighted tube, called a sigmoidoscope or scope, into the anus and 
slowly guides it through the rectum and into the sigmoid colon.  The scope inflates the colon with air to 
give the doctor a better view.  A small camera mounted on the scope transmits a video image from 
inside the colon to a computer screen, allowing the doctor to carefully examine the tissues lining the 
sigmoid colon and rectum. The scope is also equipped with a small instrument that allows the doctor to 
collect tissue samples or biopsies from 10-20 cm (a little less than 8 inches) inside the rectum.  Up to 5 
small biopsies will be collected during the flexible sigmoidoscopy session.  Each biopsy is a small piece 
of tissue about the size of a grain of rice. 
 
• 
You will complete a web-based Baseline Behavioral Questionnaire 
• 
You will learn from study staff how to avoid infections passed during sex and proper condom use 
and receive condoms from the study staff. 
 


 
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Visit 3 Dosing Visit (Day 1):  
 
Visit 3 will take place at least a week after Visit 2.  This visit will take place in the research unit and 
must occur at least 7 days after the last flexible sigmoidoscopy with biopsy collection. Additionally, you 
may be required to undergo pre-procedure COVID-19 testing within 72hrs of any biopsy visit.  If the 
pre-procedure results indicate COVID infection, the procedure visit will be canceled and may be 
rescheduled at a later time.  The following activities will be completed at these visits in the research 
unit: 
 
• You will receive a copy of your test results, if appropriate 
• Your medical history, medications, and contact information will be updated as necessary 
• You will be asked how you are feeling and about any symptoms you might be experiencing 
• Physical exam will be performed, as needed 
• Have your blood pressure, heart rate and temperature measured 
• You may have an IV placed in your arm to help us easily collect blood samples.  It will be removed 
prior to your leaving the unit. 
• Prior to collection of any study specimens or enema administration, have blood samples (about 20 
mL or ~4 teaspoons) taken in order to: 
o 
Check the health of your blood, liver, and kidneys 
o 
HIV-1 testing 
o 
Syphilis testing, if your research care provider believes this is needed 
o 
Check the levels of tenofovir in your blood 
• Provide urine sample for gonorrhea and chlamydia testing, if your research care provider believes 
this is needed 
• Have rectal swab collected by a study clinician to be tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia and/or a 
swab for HSV, if your research care provider believes this is needed 
• Study Product Administration:  You will have the tenofovir douche administered into your 
rectum by a study clinician.   
• Multiple Blood Samples:  You will have multiple blood samples collected from the peripherally 
inserted venous catheter (PIV) in your arm or from multiple blood draws at approximately 1 hr, 
and 6 hr after the douche.  We will test these samples to see how much tenofovir is in your blood.  
Approximately 32 mL or ~2 tablespoons will be collected. 
• Anoscopy and Rectal Fluid Collection for participants age 18 and above and Microbiome 
Collection for all participants including those who are less than age 18:  Just before the flexible 
sigmoidoscopy procedure and at the same time as the biopsy collection, rectal fluid will be 
collected using a swab and a microbiome specimen will be collected using a swab. These swabs 
draw the sample of the rectal fluid and microbiome and are inserted through a short hollow 
lubricated tube called an anoscope, which is placed in the rectum for several minutes while the 
fluid is collected on the swab.    
• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy and Rectal Biopsy Collection for participants age 18 and above:  
After receiving the study douche in the clinic, you will have a flexible sigmoidoscopy procedure 
with biopsy collection. This procedure will be completed at either 1, 6, 24 (on Day 2), or 72 hours 
(on Day 4) after receiving the tenofovir douche and based on a schedule that we will give you.  
 
During this procedure, you will be positioned on your left side on an examination table. The 
doctor inserts a flexible, lighted tube, called a sigmoidoscope or scope, into the anus and slowly 
guides it through the rectum and into the sigmoid colon.  The scope inflates the colon with air to 
give the doctor a better view.  A small camera mounted on the scope transmits a video image 
from inside the colon to a computer screen, allowing the doctor to carefully examine the tissues 


 
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lining the sigmoid colon and rectum. The scope is also equipped with a small instrument that 
allows the doctor to collect tissue samples or biopsies from 10-20 cm (a little less than 8 inches) 
inside the rectum.  Up to 20 small biopsies will be collected during flexible sigmoidoscopy 
session.  Each biopsy is a small piece of tissue about the size of a grain of rice. 
• You will be asked to complete the web-based Research Unit Dose Acceptability Questionnaire 
• Study staff will discuss how to avoid infections passed during sex and proper condom use, and 
you will receive condoms from the study staff. 
• You will be asked not to put anything in your rectum for 72 hours after receiving study enema and 
completing the flexible sigmoidoscopy procedure. 
 
 
Visit 4 (Day 2) and Visit 5 (Day 4) – Sampling Visit:  
 
These visits will take place the day after (24 hours) and two days after (72 hours) receiving the tenofovir 
douche and will also take place in clinic or the research unit.  Additionally, you may be required to 
undergo pre-procedure COVID-19 testing within 72hrs of any biopsy visit.  If the pre-procedure results 
indicate COVID infection, the procedure visit will be canceled and you will be asked to attend one final 
visit at a later time. 
 
The following activities will be completed at these visits: 
 
• You will receive a copy of your lab test results, if appropriate. 
• Your medical history, medications, and contact information will be updated as necessary 
• You will be asked how you are feeling and about any symptoms you might be experiencing 
• Physical exam will be performed, as needed 
• Prior to collection of any other study specimens, have blood samples (about 10 mL or ~2 
teaspoons) taken in order to: 
o 
Check the health of your blood, liver, and kidneys 
o 
Check the levels of tenofovir in your blood 
• Flexible Sigmoidoscopy and Rectal Biopsy Collection for participants age 18 and above:  If, 
based on your assigned schedule, you did not have the flexible sigmoidoscopy on Day 1, you will 
have a flexible sigmoidoscopy with collection of up to 20 rectal biopsies at approximately 24 hours 
or 72 hours after you receive the tenofovir douche. 
• Anoscopy and Rectal Fluid Collection for participants age 18 and above and Microbiome 
Collection for all participants including those less than age 18:  If, based on your assigned 
schedule, you did not have rectal fluid collection Day 1, you will have an anoscopy during which 
rectal fluid will be collected using a swab at 24 hours or 72 hours after you receive the tenofovir 
douche. All individuals will have the microbiome collection again at 24 hours. 
• Study staff will discuss with you how to avoid infections passed during sex and will share 
information about proper condom use, and you will receive condoms from the study staff. 
• You will be asked not to put anything (drug/medication, penis, object, sex toy, or enema including 
take-home enema) in rectum for 72 hours before and after research unit study product exposure 
and 7 days after the flexible sigmoidoscopy with biopsy collection. 
 
Visit 6 – Termination Visit:  
 
This visit will take place the day after your final biopsy and will also take place in clinic or the research 
unit.   


 
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The following activities will be completed at this visit: 
 
• You will receive a copy of your lab test results, if appropriate. 
• Your medical history, medications, and contact information will be updated as necessary 
• You will be asked how you are feeling and about any symptoms you might be experiencing 
• Physical exam will be performed, as needed 
• 
Have your height, weight, blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature measured 
• 
Provide urine sample for gonorrhea and chlamydia testing  
• 
Have rectal swab collected by a study clinician to be tested for gonorrhea and chlamydia  
• 
If ulcers are present on examination, a swab for HSV will be collected and tested 
• Prior to collection of any other study specimens, have blood samples (about 10 mL or ~2 
teaspoons) taken in order to: 
o 
Check the health of your blood, liver, and kidneys 
o 
HIV status  
o 
Syphilis test 
• Study staff will discuss with you how to avoid infections passed during sex and will share 
information about proper condom use, and you will receive condoms from the study staff. 
• You will be asked not to put anything (drug/medication, penis, object, sex toy, or enema including 
take-home enema) in rectum for 72 hours before and after research unit study product exposure 
and 7 days after the flexible sigmoidoscopy with biopsy collection. 
• Complete an in-depth interview (IDI) via the HIPAA-compliant video-chat platform, BlueJeans 
 
Exit Follow-Up Phone Call 
If necessary, a final exit follow-up call will be made by the study staff to you.  This call may be required 
to provide laboratory test results or post-test counseling. 
 
Interim Visits 
In some cases, an extra visit or visits (called an Interim Visit) might be necessary in between your 
scheduled study appointments. The Interim Visit may occur if you experience adverse events that need 
to be evaluated by study staff.  In such cases, study staff may refer you to appropriate medical care.  
 
Communicable diseases: 
The law requires us to report positive tests to the health department.  This reporting will include 
information that identifies you (for example name, date of birth, home address, phone number, etc.) as 
required by Maryland law.  The health department may use this information to contact you for further 
follow up and/or to help conduct health surveillance activities aimed at preventing or controlling 
diseases. 
 
Interview recordings (conducted by BlueJeans): 
As part of this research, we will create and use audio recordings of the interview to help answer the 
research question. The BlueJeans platform will be used to conduct the video sessions, but no video 
recordings will be made. Only the audio portion of the video session will be recorded. Any recordings 
will not be used for advertising or non-study related purposes.  
 
You should know that: 
• It is possible that your identity may be known from your voice recording. 
• You may request that the recordings can be stopped at any time. 


 
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• If you agree to allow the recording and then change your mind, you may ask us to destroy that 
recording. If the recording has had all identifiers removed, we may not be able to do this. 
• We will only use these recordings for the purposes of this research.  
• The audio recording will be transcribed by the study team at UPenn that has agreed to keep all data 
confidential. 
 
Incidental Findings 
As part of this research study, you will undergo a flexible sigmoidoscopy.  A qualified professional will 
review your flexible sigmoidoscopy.  This flexible sigmoidoscopy will not include the full diagnostic 
information that you would get if your primary doctor referred you for this procedure.   
 
There is a possibility that while conducting the flexible sigmoidoscopy we may see an unexpected 
abnormality. This is called an “incidental finding.” 
 
We will let you know if we see such an incidental finding. Depending on the type of incidental finding, 
we may contact you by mail, email, or phone. In the case of a potential serious emergency, someone 
may go to your home. 
 
A qualified person (usually a member of the research team) will talk to you if there is an incidental 
finding. You do not have an option to decline information about an incidental finding from this 
procedure. 
 
If you want, we will give information about this incidental finding to your primary doctor or we will 
refer you to an appropriate doctor for further evaluation. 
 
What could happen if there is an incidental finding? 
• An incidental finding may cause you to feel anxious. 
• Since a report of the incidental finding will be part of your medical record, it will be available to 
those accessing your medical record for your clinical care and may affect your current or future life 
or health insurance coverage. This risk will vary depending on the type of insurance plan involved. 
 
The costs for any care that may come from the incidental finding, such as the need to see a doctor to 
diagnose or treat an incidental finding, will not be paid for by this research study. These costs would be 
your or your insurance company’s responsibility. 
 
Will research test results be shared with you? 
This study involves research tests that may produce information that could be useful for your clinical 
care. We will share this information with you. The following results will be shared with you, if 
appropriate (depending on the visit): 
o 
Health of your blood, liver, and kidneys 
o 
Hepatitis B status 
o 
HIV test  
o 
Syphilis test 
o 
STI screening results 
 
 
How long will you be in the study? 
You will be in this study for up to 4-5 months.  
 


 
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4. 
What happens to data and biospecimens that are collected in the study?  
If you join this study, your data and biospecimens will be used to answer the research question and your 
data will be used to publish the findings of this study.  Biospecimens may include any of the following: 
blood, tissue, saliva, urine, bone marrow, cells, etc.  Most biospecimens contain DNA, which is the 
genetic code for each person. 
 
You will not own the data and/or biospecimens collected from you as part of this research study. If 
researchers use them to create a new product or idea, including those that may have commercial value, 
you will not benefit financially from those efforts. 
 
Johns Hopkins researchers and their collaborators may use the data/biospecimens collected in this study 
for future research purposes and may share some of the data/biospecimens with others.  
 
Because science constantly advances, we do not yet know what future use of research data or 
biospecimens may include.  This future research may be unrelated to the current study and may include 
outside collaborators. 
 
Sharing data and/or biospecimens is part of research and may increase what we can learn from this 
study.  Often, data/biospecimen sharing is required as a condition of funding or for publishing study 
results.  It also is needed to allow other researchers to validate study findings and to come up with new 
ideas. Your data and/or biospecimens may be shared with researchers at Johns Hopkins and other 
institutions, for-profit companies, sponsors, government agencies, and other research partners. Your data 
and/or biospecimens may also be put in government or other databases/repositories.  
 
We (Johns Hopkins) will do our best to protect and maintain your data/biospecimens in a safe way. 
One of the ways we protect data/biospecimens is by limiting the uses of the information and the type of 
information that is shared, especially your personal information.  This may occur through data/specimen 
sharing agreements and review by oversight groups within Johns Hopkins.   
 
If data/biospecimens are used or shared with types of information that may be likely to identify, you 
such as your name, address or medical record number, further institutional review and approval would 
be required. In these cases, Johns Hopkins will review whether additional consent from you is required.  
Generally, if your data/biospecimens are used/shared without any personal identifiers or with 
information that is less likely to identify you (such as the date of a procedure), further review and 
approval is not needed.   
 
Data/biospecimen sharing could change over time, and may continue after the study ends. 
 
The use and sharing of your data and biospecimens is required for participation in this research study. If 
you are not comfortable with the use and sharing of your data/biospecimens in future research without 
further consent, you should not participate in this study. 
 
5. 
What are the risks or discomforts of the study? 
 
POTENTIAL RISKS AND DISCOMFORTS 
 
General Risks of Douching  
The main risk from having enema douche is temporary discomfort.  A hollow plastic tube about the 
thickness of a pencil will be used to administer approximately 120-125 mL of fluid into the rectum. You 


 
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may experience some mild discomfort and a bloated or “crampy” feeling. If you have any hemorrhoids 
or other painful conditions, you might feel anal or rectal discomfort or have anal or rectal bleeding (see 
handout for more information). 
 
Some air may be pumped into the rectum as well, causing gas to pass from your rectum.  The tube is 
small, but it might cause some anal or rectal discomfort if the subject has any hemorrhoids or other 
painful conditions. There is a remote possibility that the enema tip could cause perforation. 
 
Tenofovir Douche 
We do not yet know all the effects of the tenofovir douche, including the ways in which it might affect 
pregnant women or an embryo/fetus. Therefore, it is especially important that you do not father a child 
while on the study. In addition, we do not yet fully know what effects the douche will have on the 
rectum. In previous studies using tenofovir rectally as a gel, the following side effects have been 
reported: 
• Dryness, itching, burning, or pain in the rectal area  
• Mild burning, irritation, and discomfort and pruritus (itch)  
• A temporary increase in rectal leakage or sense of urgency when having a bowel movement 
• When using gel for seven days, more participants experienced gastrointestinal problems  
• In a previous study with male volunteers, a few mild side effects on urinary and genital organs 
occurred; they happened to only a few volunteers and did not need any treatment.  The most common 
symptoms were penile burning, irritation, discomfort, and itching. 
 
Since we do not yet know how the tenofovir douche might influence the HIV virus, it might be possible 
that if you become infected with HIV while the tenofovir is still in your system, the virus could change 
and become resistant to tenofovir, which means that tenofovir may not work as well if you need to take 
it for HIV infection.   
 
Risk of blood draws and insertion of a peripheral venous catheter (PIV) 
You may feel discomfort when your blood is drawn.  You may also feel dizzy, faint, and lightheaded 
and/or may have bruising, swelling, or infection at the site of injection. You may experience vein 
irritation, or leakage of fluid into the surrounding tissue from the PIV. Very rarely, there could be 
clotting of the vein, or a venous air embolism, where air enters the vein and can travel to your heart, 
brain, or lungs, and cause damage. The study team will adhere to infection control guidelines to reduce 
the risk from these procedures. 
 
Risk of rectal exams 
You may feel discomfort or pressure when your rectum is examined.   
 
Risks from the anoscopy 
You may experience some mild discomfort and pressure when the anoscope is inserted into your rectum.   
 
Risks from rectal swabs 
You may experience some mild discomfort and pressure when the swab is placed against the wall of 
your rectum.  In some cases, a small amount of bleeding may occur. 
 
Risks from flexible sigmoidoscopy 
Flexible sigmoidoscopy, the method used to take the rectal samples, is uncomfortable for some people. 
There is a slight risk of puncturing the lining of the rectum, which can cause fever, infection, and pain in 
your belly. If this happens, more medical evaluation and treatment may be needed. There is a very small 


 
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risk of making a tear in the colon and causing bleeding. This bleeding stops on its own. Taking the tissue 
samples will not cause any pain because the lining of the colon does not have any nerves. 
 
Risks from collection of rectal biopsies via flexible sigmoidoscopy 
You may experience some mild discomfort and pressure while the biopsies are being performed.  In 
some cases, bleeding or infection may occur. In very rare cases, the biopsy can puncture all the way 
through the colon. We do not expect this, and if it happens we will mobilize the appropriate medical care 
immediately.  
 
Risks of Computer Assisted Questionnaire 
There may be discomfort or embarrassment related to questions dealing with sexual behaviors and 
personal habits.  If some of the questions upset you or make you uncomfortable, you may choose not to 
answer them.  You may get tired or bored when we are asking you questions, or you are completing the 
questionnaires.  You do not have to answer any question you do not want to answer. 
 
Other possible risks 
You may become embarrassed, worried, or nervous when discussing ways to protect yourself against 
HIV and other infections passed during sex and/or when reviewing your test results.  You may also 
become worried or nervous while waiting for your test results and/or sad or depressed upon disclosure of 
your STI status. If you are diagnosed with an STI and others discover this, it is possible that you may 
face discrimination.  
 
If you have HIV or other infections, knowing this could make you worried or nervous.  A trained 
counselor will help you deal with any feelings or questions you may have.  If a sexually transmitted 
disease has been identified, you will be referred immediately for appropriate treatment to your primary 
care physician.  In the event that you do not have a primary care physician, a list of local STI clinics and 
their phone numbers will be provided. If any sexually transmitted disease, with exception of herpes, is 
identified, we are required to report this to the Baltimore City Health Department.  The reporting of 
sexually transmitted diseases is done confidentially. Someone from the public health department may 
contact you to be sure that you and your partners have been treated. 
 
We will make every effort to protect your privacy while you are having the study exams and tests. Your 
visits here will take place in private. However, it is possible that others may learn that you are taking 
part in the study here. Because of this, they may treat you unfairly or discriminate against you. For 
example, you could have problems getting or keeping a job, or being accepted by your family or 
community.  Finding out your HIV status could also cause problems between you and your partner. You 
may also have problems with your partner associated with use or attempted use of study products. 
 
This research study may involve risks that are currently unforeseeable. 
 
6. 
Are there benefits to being in the study? 
 
ANTICIPATED BENEFITS TO RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS  
 
You will get no direct benefit from being in this study.   
 
 
 
 


 
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ANTICIPATED BENEFITS TO SOCIETY 
 
Information gathered from this study will help doctors determine if the tenofovir douche is safe and best 
suited to advance to the next phase of studies. This knowledge may in the future lead to the development 
of an enema to prevent the spread of HIV associated with anal sex. 
 
7. 
What are your options if you do not want to be in the study? 
You do not have to be in this study.  The decision to not be in this study will not affect your care in any 
way. 
 
If you do not join, your care at Johns Hopkins will not be affected.  
 
8. 
Will it cost you anything to be in this study?   
The tests and procedures in this study will not cost you anything.  The only cost to you is the time you 
must spend and what it costs you to get to the study visits.   
 
Your insurance company is unlikely to pay for medical care for any injury that you sustain as a result of 
being in this study. Emergency care will be provided, but you will be responsible for any costs not 
covered by your insurance. Treatment of a serious injury could be costly.  Check with your insurance 
company before you start this study to find out if your insurance company will pay. 
 
9. 
Will you be paid if you join this study? 
You will be paid for your time and effort for all regularly scheduled study visits.  
 
The reimbursement schedule and amounts are listed below: 
 
Visit  
Reimbursement Amount 
Screening and Enrollment  
$100 each visit 
Completion of Dosing 
$100 
Completion of Visits 4, 5 and 
Termination 
$50 each visit 
Completion of Flexible 
Sigmoidoscopy 
$100 each procedure visit 
In-depth Interview 
$100 
Total Potential Amount for 
Scheduled Visits 
$750 for age 18 and above 
$550 for less than age 18 
 
You will receive $30 for any interim study visits requested by the study staff which may include 
additional assessments or laboratory tests to monitor safety as a result of an adverse event. All 
participants who participate in the study will be offered the opportunity to participate in an in-depth 
interview. This is regardless of which visit is completed. You may be provided food and transportation 
as needed at each study. If you need to stay overnight for a visit (for example, between visit 3 and 4), the 
study will also cover your hotel stay.  
 
You may be required to provide your social security number to be paid for taking part in this study. 
Federal tax law requires that you report your research payments when you file your taxes. If your total 
payments from Johns Hopkins exceed $600 per year, Johns Hopkins will report these payments to the 
Internal Revenue Service and you will receive a 1099-MISC form from us. 


 
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10. 
Can you leave the study early? 
• You can agree to be in the study now and change your mind later. 
• If you wish to stop, please tell us right away. 
• Leaving this study early will not stop you from getting regular medical care.  
 
Your participation in this research is voluntary, and if you choose not to participate, that will not affect 
your relationship with Johns Hopkins Medicine or Hospital or your right to health care or other services 
at this institution. You are free to withdraw your consent and discontinue participation at any time 
without prejudice to your future care at Johns Hopkins Medicine or Hospital. 
 
If you leave the study early, Johns Hopkins may use or share your health information that it has already 
collected if the information is needed for this study or any follow-up activities.  
 
11. 
Why might we take you out of the study early?  
The investigators may need to take you off the study early if: 
• 
The decision is made either to protect your health and safety or because you have developed a 
certain medical condition and according to a research plan people who develop certain conditions 
may not proceed with the study 
• 
You are not able to attend the study visits or follow the procedures required by the study 
• 
If you become infected with HIV 
• 
The study is cancelled by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the National Institutes of 
Health (NIH), Office of Human Research Protection (OHPR), or the Institutional Review Board 
(IRB). 
 
If you are taken out of the study before the study is completed or if you decided to discontinue, you will 
be paid for your participation up to that time.  You may also be asked to complete an Early Termination 
visit which will include the following procedures: 
• 
Let us know if there are any changes in where you live or how we may contact you 
• 
Receive a copy of your test results, if appropriate, and review these results with the study staff 
• 
Tell us about any changes in your medical history 
• 
Tell us if there have been changes to any medicines you are taking now 
• 
May have a physical exam 
• 
Provide urine, blood, and/or rectal samples, if you’re willing and if it is determined that they are 
necessary to assess your health status 
 
If you are taken out of the study early, Johns Hopkins may use or give out your health information that it 
has already collected if the information is needed for this study or any follow-up activities. 
 
12. 
How will your privacy be maintained and how will the confidentiality of your data 
be protected?  
 
HIPAA Authorization for Disclosure of Protected Health Information  
 
What information is being collected, used, or shared? 
To do this research, we will need to collect, use, and share your private health information.  By signing 
this document, you agree that your health care providers (including both Johns Hopkins Medicine and 
others) may release your private health information to us, and that we may use any and all of your 


 
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information that the study team believes it needs to conduct the study.  Your private information may 
include things learned from the procedures described in this consent form, as well as information from 
your medical record (which may include information such as HIV status, drug, alcohol or STD 
treatment, genetic test results, or mental health treatment). 
 
Who will see, use or share the information?  
The people who may request, receive, or use your private health information include the researchers and 
their staff who may be a part of Johns Hopkins Health System, Johns Hopkins University or the Johns 
Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory.  Additionally, we may share your information with other people at 
Johns Hopkins, for example if needed for your clinical care or study oversight.  To improve coordination 
of your research and clinical care, some information about the study you join will be included in your 
electronic medical record.   
 
By signing this form, you give permission to the research team to share your information with others 
outside of Johns Hopkins.  This may include the sponsor of the study and its agents or contractors, 
outside providers, study safety monitors, government agencies, other sites in the study, data managers 
and other agents and contractors used by the study team.   
 
We try to make sure that everyone who sees your information keeps it confidential, but we cannot 
guarantee that your information will not be shared with others.  If your information is disclosed by your 
health care providers or the research team to others, federal and state confidentiality laws may no longer 
protect it.   
 
Do you have to sign this Authorization? 
You do not have to sign this Authorization, but if you do not, you may not join the study. 
 
How long will your information be used or shared?  
Your Authorization for the collection, use, and sharing of your information does not expire. 
Additionally, you agree that your information may be used for similar or related future research studies. 
 
What if you change your mind? 
You may change your mind and cancel this Authorization at any time.  If you cancel, you must contact 
the Principal Investigator in writing to let them know by using the contact information provided in this 
consent form.  Your cancellation will not affect information already collected in the study, or information 
that has already been shared with others before you cancelled your authorization. 
 
How will your information be protected? 
During the study, your study information will be stored on site in locked file cabinets in an area only 
accessible by study staff.  Generally, only people on the research team will know that you are in the 
research study and will see your information. However, there are a few exceptions that are listed below.  
 
The people working on the study will collect information about you.  This includes things learned from 
the procedures described in this consent form.  They may collect other information including your name, 
address, date of birth, and other details. 
 
 
 
 


 
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Date: April 12, 2022 
Principal Investigator: Sanders, Renata Arrington 
Application No.: IRB00272468 
 
 
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Authorized representatives of the Johns Hopkins Institutional Review Board (IRB), Office for Human 
Research Protections (OHRP), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the National Institutes of 
Health, study monitors, DREAM Program Cores, and the organizations that provide the enemas used in 
this study may need to review records of individual subjects.  As a result, they may see your name; 
however, they are bound by rules of confidentiality not to reveal your identity to anyone. 
 
Any publication of this study will not use your name or identify you personally. When the results of the 
research are published or discussed in conferences, no information will be included that would reveal 
your identity.   
 
13. 
What is a Certificate of Confidentiality? 
Your study information is protected by a Certificate of Confidentiality. This Certificate allows us, in 
some cases, to refuse to give out your information even if requested using legal means. 
 
It does not protect information that we have to report by law, such as child abuse or some infectious 
diseases. The Certificate does not prevent us from disclosing your information if we learn of possible 
harm to yourself or others, or if you need medical help. 
 
Disclosures that you consent to in this document are not protected. This includes putting research data in 
the medical record or sharing research data for this study or future research. Disclosures that you make 
yourself are also not protected. 
 
14. 
What does a conflict of interest mean to you as a participant in this study?  
A researcher and Johns Hopkins University have a financial or other interest in this study. 
 
In some situations, the results of this study may lead to a financial gain for the researcher and/or Johns 
Hopkins University.  This financial interest has been reviewed in keeping with Johns Hopkins’ policies.  
It has been approved with certain conditions, which are intended to guard against bias and to protect 
participants 
 
If you have any questions about this financial interest, please talk to Renata Sanders, MD, MPH, ScM at 
410-502-8166 (office) or 513-225-2884 (cell). This person is a member of the study team, but does not 
have a financial interest related to the study. You may also call the Office of Policy Coordination 410-
361-8667 for more information. The Office of Policy Coordination reviews financial interests of 
researchers and/or Johns Hopkins. 
 
15. 
What treatment costs will be paid if you are injured in this study?  
Johns Hopkins and the federal government, including the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), do 
not have programs to pay you if you are hurt or have other bad results from being in the study. However, 
medical care at Johns Hopkins is open to you as it is to all sick or injured people.   
 
The costs for any treatment or hospital care you receive as the result of a study-related injury that are not 
covered by a health insurer will be billed to you. 
 
By signing this form, you will not give up any rights you have to seek compensation for injury.  
 
 
 
 


 
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Date: April 12, 2022 
Principal Investigator: Sanders, Renata Arrington 
Application No.: IRB00272468 
 
 
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16. 
What other things should you know about this research study? 
During the course of the study, you will be informed of any significant new findings (either good or 
bad), such as changes in the risks or benefits resulting from participation in the research or new 
alternatives to participation, that might cause you to change your mind about continuing in the study.  If 
new information is provided to you, your consent to continue participating in this study will be re-
obtained. 
 
A description of this clinical trial will be available on http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, as required by U.S. 
Law.  This Web site will not include information that can identify you. At most, the Web site will 
include a summary of the results. You can search this Web site at any time. If you would like to review 
the information for this study, or a summary of the results, ask the study team doctor for the 
ClinicalTrials.gov study registration number. 
 
What is the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and how does it protect you?  
This study has been reviewed by an Institutional Review Board (IRB), a group of people that reviews 
human research studies. The IRB can help you if you have questions about your rights as a research 
participant or if you have other questions, concerns or complaints about this research study.  You may 
contact the IRB at 410-502-2092 or jhmeirb@jhmi.edu.  
 
For this multi-site study, Johns Hopkins has agreed to serve as the single IRB (sIRB) providing 
oversight for all sites. You may contact the Johns Hopkins IRB at 410-502-2092 or jhmeirb@jhmi.edu 
with your questions or concerns.  
 
What should you do if you have questions about the study, or are injured or ill as a result of being 
in this study?  
Call the research nurse manager, Thuy Anderson, RN at 443-287-8942 (office) or 410-459-8249 (cell) 
or the principal investigator, Renata Arrington Sanders, MD, MPH, ScM at 410-502-8166 (office) or 
513-225-2884 (cell). If you wish, you may contact the principal investigator by letter. The address is on 
page one of this consent form. If you cannot reach the principal investigator or wish to talk to someone 
else, call the IRB office at 410-502-2092.   
 
If you have an urgent medical problem or think you are injured or ill because of this study, call 911 or 
go to your local emergency department.  You should also call Renata Arrington Sanders, MD, MPH, 
ScM at 410-502-8166 during regular office hours and at or 513-225-2884 after hours and on weekends. 
If this doctor is not available, the operator will page the “on call physician.” 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
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Date: April 12, 2022 
Principal Investigator: Sanders, Renata Arrington 
Application No.: IRB00272468 
 
 
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17. 
Optional Study Components: 
This part of the consent form is about optional component(s) of the study that you can choose to take 
part in or not. You can still take part in the main study even if you say “no” to this/these optional 
component(s).  
 
Future Contact 
We would like your permission for our research team to contact you in the future.  Please note that your 
decision below does not prevent other researchers at Johns Hopkins from contacting you about other 
research. 
 
 
Please sign and date your choice below: 
 
 
 
 
YES    ________________________  
 
______________ 
Signature of Participant 
 
 
Date 
 
 
 
 
 
NO     ________________________ 
 
______________ 
Signature of Participant 
 
 
Date 
 
18. 
Assent Statement 
This research study has been explained to my child in my presence in language my child can understand.  
He/she has been encouraged to ask questions about the study now and at any time in the future. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
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Date: April 12, 2022 
Principal Investigator: Sanders, Renata Arrington 
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19. 
What does your signature on this consent form mean?  
Your signature on this form means that you have reviewed the information in this form, you have had a 
chance to ask questions, and you agree to join the study. You will not give up any legal rights by signing 
this consent form.  
 
WE WILL GIVE YOU A COPY OF THIS SIGNED AND DATED CONSENT FORM 
 
 
 
 
 
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 
Signature of Participant  
 
 
 
 
 
(Print Name)  
 
 
 
Date/Time  
 
 
 
 
 
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 
Signature of Person Obtaining Consent  
 
 
 
(Print Name)  
 
 
 
Date/Time 
 
 
 
 
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 
Signature of Parent/Legal Guardian/Court-Appointed Representative  
(Print Name)  
 
 
 
Date/Time 
FOR CHILD PARTICIPANT 
 
 
 
 
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 
Description of relationship to child research participant (for example: parent, legal guardian, court-appointed representative) 
 
 
 
 
 
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 
Signature of Child Participant (optional unless IRB required)  
 
(Print Name)  
 
 
 
Date/Time 
 
 
 
NOTE: A COPY OF THE SIGNED, DATED CONSENT FORM MUST BE KEPT BY THE PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR AND A COPY 
MUST BE GIVEN TO THE PARTICIPANT.  IF APPROPRIATE FOR THIS STUDY, A SCANNED COPY OF THE SIGNED CONSENT 
FORM SHOULD BE UPLOADED TO THE PARTICIPANT’S EPIC/EMR RECORD (UNLESS NO MEDICAL RECORD EXISTS OR 
WILL BE CREATED).  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
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Date: April 12, 2022 
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Application No.: IRB00272468 
 
 
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DOCUMENTATION OF PHYSICIAN/MID-LEVEL PROVIDER CONSENT PROCESS 
 
My signature below indicates that I have discussed the risks, benefits, and alternatives, answered any 
questions, and believe the participant is able to make an informed choice to join the study. 
 
 
 
 
 
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 
Signature of Physician/Mid-Level Provider  
 
 
 
(Print Name)  
 
 
 
Date/Time 
 
 
 
 
 
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 
Signature of Participant   
 
 
 
 
 
(Print Name)  
 
 
 
Date/Time 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 
Signature of Parent/Legal Guardian/Court-Appointed Representative  
(Print Name)  
 
 
 
Date/Time 
FOR CHILD PARTICIPANT 
 
 
 
 
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 
Description of relationship to child research participant (for example: parent, legal guardian, court-appointed representative) 
 
 
 
 
 
__________________________________________________________________________________________ 
Signature of Child Participant (optional unless IRB required)  
 
(Print Name)  
 
 
 
Date/Time 
 
 
NOTE: A COPY OF THE SIGNED, DATED CONSENT FORM MUST BE KEPT BY THE PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR AND A COPY 
MUST BE GIVEN TO THE PARTICIPANT.  IF APPROPRIATE FOR THIS STUDY, A SCANNED COPY OF THE SIGNED CONSENT 
FORM SHOULD BE UPLOADED TO THE PARTICIPANT’S EPIC/EMR RECORD (UNLESS NO MEDICAL RECORD EXISTS OR 
WILL BE CREATED).