Conditions: Tuberculosis
Keywords: Imatinib Rifabutin Isoniazid
Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: SEQUENTIAL
Enrollment: 24
Healthy volunteers: yes

Brief summary:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and effects of imatinib on myelopoiesis in adults when given with and without isoniazid and rifabutin. The results of this trial will determine the imatinib dose to be studied in a subsequent Phase IIB treatment trial of imatinib as an adjunctive therapy with an antimicrobial regimen (rifabutin, pyrazinamide (PZA), isoniazid (INH) and ethambutol) for drug-sensitive TB.

Detailed description:
With existing anti-tubercular drug therapies, treatment of drug-susceptible TB takes at least 6 months and success rates for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug resistant TB (XDR-TB) are a dismal 50 and 20%, respectively, highlighting the urgent need for new TB drugs. The cancer drug imatinib limits mycobacterial infections in culture and animal models by reducing both entry into macrophages and augmenting phagolysosomal fusion (autophagy), which may facilitate antigen presentation and pathogen killing. Additionally, imatinib induces increases in myeloid cells (myelopoiesis), and an innate immune response to infection that mimics so-called "emergency hematopoiesis," a response that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) appears to suppress. Importantly, these mechanisms can be induced in animal models by oral doses substantially lower than those used in people to combat cancer. The dose-dependence has important implications for TB clinical studies in humans, as it suggests that imatinib could improve TB treatment using doses that impart minimal, if any, toxicity.

This study will evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and effects of imatinib on myelopoiesis in adults when given with and without isoniazid and rifabutin (antibiotics to treat mycobacterial infections).

Participants will be enrolled into one of two cohorts. In Cohort 1, participants will be enrolled in a dose-escalating fashion to receive one of four doses of imatinib alone for 14 days, followed by imatinib in combination with rifabutin and isoniazid for another 14 days.

In Cohort 2, participants will receive rifabutin and isoniazid for 14 days, followed by 14 days of rifabutin and isoniazid in combination with one of the two selected doses of imatinib. The exact doses of imatinib administered in Cohort 2 will be determined after analyzing data from Cohort 1.

After safety evaluations of participants enrolled into the first two dose levels of Cohort 1, the intervention of imatinib followed by imatinib in combination with rifabutin and isoniazid was discontinued. The study protocol was amended to evaluate the effects of imatinib alone, at 3 escalating doses.

Total study duration for participants will be 50 days, during which time participants will attend several study visits. Study visits may include a physical exam, electrocardiogram, blood and urine collection, and pharmacokinetic assessments.

Arms:
arm 1: Participants will receive 50 mg imatinib for 14 days, followed by 14 days of imatinib together with rifabutin and isoniazid. arm 2: Participants will receive 100 mg imatinib for 14 days, followed by 14 days of imatinib together with rifabutin and isoniazid. arm 3: Participants will receive 200 mg imatinib for 14 days, followed by 14 days of imatinib together with rifabutin and isoniazid. arm 4: Participants will receive 400 mg imatinib for 14 days, followed by 14 days of imatinib together with rifabutin and isoniazid. arm 5: Participants will receive isoniazid and rifabutin for 14 days, followed by 14 days of combination isoniazid, rifabutin, and imatinib. Imatinib dose will be determined after analyzing data from Cohort 1. arm 6: Participants will receive isoniazid and rifabutin for 14 days, followed by 14 days of combination isoniazid, rifabutin, and imatinib. Imatinib dose will be determined after analyzing data from Cohort 1. arm 7: Participants will receive 100 mg imatinib daily for 28 days. arm 8: Participants will receive 200 mg imatinib daily for 28 days. arm 9: Participants will receive 400 mg imatinib daily for 28 days.

Interventions: intervention 1: Imatinib intervention 2: Isoniazid intervention 3: Rifabutin
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Tablets, administered orally intervention 2: 300 mg tablets, administered orally intervention 3: 300 mg capsules, administered orally

Protocol document:
Prot_SAP_000.pdf: 
Protocol 
 
Title: IMPACT-TB*: A phase II clinical trial of the safety, 
pharmacokinetics and hematologic effects of imatinib on myelopoiesis 
in adults when given with and without isoniazid and rifabutin  
*Imatinib mesylate per oral as a clinical therapeutic for TB 
 
 
NCT Number: NCT03891901 
 
 
 
Participants were enrolled under two different protocols: 
Version 3.0 with addendums 1, 2, and 3, dated February 16, 2021 
Version 5.0, dated June 22, 2022 
 


IMPACT-TB*: A phase II clinical trial of the safety, 
pharmacokinetics and hematologic effects of imatinib on 
myelopoiesis in adults when given with and without isoniazid 
and rifabutin 
*Imatinib mesylate per oral as a clinical therapeutic for TB
Principal Investigator (1)
Edmund K. Waller, MD PhD, FACP
Professor
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology,       
Division of Stem Cell Transplant and Immunotherapy
Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute
1365B Clifton Road, Suite B5119
Atlanta, GA 30322
Phone: (404) 727-4995
Email: ewaller@emory.edu 
Emory 
Co-Investigators (2)
R. Donald Harvey III, Pharm D.
Associate Professor
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology
Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute
1365C Clifton Road, CPL017B
Atlanta, GA 30322
Phone: (404) 778-4381
Email: rdharve@emory.edu
Daniel Kalman, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Emory University, Whitehead Research Building #144
615 Michael St.
Atlanta, GA 30322
Phone: 404-712-2326
Email: dkalman@emory.edu
Cynthia R. Giver, PhD
Associate Professor, Hematology/Oncology
Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute
1365B Clifton Road, Room B3223
Atlanta, GA 30322
Phone: (404) 778-5806
Email: cgiver@emory.edu
Colleen S. Kraft, MD
Associate Professor, Pathology
Emory University School of Medicine
Phone: 404-712-8889


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Email: colleen.kraft@emory.edu
Aneesh K. Mehta, MD
Associate Professor, Infectious Diseases
Emory University School of Medicine
Phone: 404-727-8435
Email: aneesh.mehta@emory.edu
Emory Investigational Drug 
Service Pharmacist
Susan Rogers, RPh
Director 
Investigational Drug Service
Emory University Clinic
Building A, Suite 1200
1365 Clifton Road, NE
Atlanta, GA  30322
(404) 712-7485
Email: sroger2@emory.edu
Non- Emory Scientific 
Collaborators 
Gregory P. Bisson, MD MSCE
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Pamela Shaw, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Robert Wallis, MD
Professor
The Aurum Institute
Johannesburg, South Africa
Tawanda Gumbo, MD
SW Professional Bldg.Dallas, TX
5920 Forrest Park Road, 7th Floor
Dallas, TX   75235
Charles Peloquin, Pharm D
Professor
Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL
Lynette Purdue, Pharm D
NIH/NIAID/Division of AIDS/Pharmaceutical Affairs Branch
5601 Fishers Lane. Rm 9E28
Rockville, MD 20852
240-627-3061
Email: lynette.purdue@nih.gov


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Neha Shah, MD
5601 Fishers Ln. Rm 9E39
Rockville, MD 20852
240-292-0384
Email: neha.shah@nih.gov
Richard Hafner, MD
Senior Scientific Officer, Tuberculosis Clinical Research 
Branch Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, DHHS
5601 Fishers Lane Room 9E30, MSC 9830
Rockville, MD 20852
Phone: 301 435 3766
E-mail: rhafner@nih.gov


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SIGNATURE PAGE
Protocol Title: IMPACT-TB*: A phase II clinical trial of the safety, pharmacokinetics and 
hematologic effects of imatinib on myelopoiesis in adults when given with and without isoniazid 
and rifabutin 
*Imatinib mesylate per oral as a clinical therapeutic for TB
DAIDS Protocol Number: 
Aim 1
DAIDS-ES ID 38518
DAIDS Protocol Version History: 
Protocol Aim 1, Version 3.0 with addendum changes for LoA #3, Feb 16, 2021
Protocol Aim 1, Version 3.0 with addendum changes for LoA #2, July 30, 2020
Protocol Aim 1, Version 3.0 with addendum changes for LoA #1, November 22, 2019
Protocol Aim 1, Version 3.0, July 12, 2019
Protocol Aim 1, Version 2.0, March11, 2019
I will conduct this study in accordance with the provisions of this protocol and all applicable 
protocol-related documents. I agree to conduct this study in compliance with United States (US) 
Health and Human Service regulations (45 CFR 46); applicable U.S. Food and Drug 
Administration regulations; standards of the International Conference on Harmonization 
Guideline for Good Clinical Practice (E6); Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee 
determinations; all applicable in-country, state, and local laws and regulations; and other 
applicable requirements (e.g., US National Institutes of Health, Division of AIDS) and 
institutional policies.
Investigator name
Signature
Date signed


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NIH Grant Number                   NIH4UH3AI122320 - 03
Investigational Product:
Imatinib
Protocol Number:
IRB Number:
DAIDS-ES ID 38518
IRB00103001
IND/ IDE Number:
IND 143386
IND Sponsor
DAIDS
ClinicalTrials.gov Number       NCT03891901


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Protocol Registration
Prior to implementation of this protocol, and any subsequent full version amendments, 
the site must have the protocol and the protocol informed consent form(s) approved, as 
appropriate, by their local institutional review board (IRB)/ethics committee (EC) and any 
other applicable regulatory entity (RE). Upon receiving final approval, sites will submit all 
required protocol registration documents to the DAIDS Protocol Registration Office 
(DAIDS PRO) at the Regulatory Support Center (RSC).  The DAIDS PRO will review the 
submitted protocol registration packet to ensure that all of the required documents have 
been received.  
Initial Registration 
Site-specific informed consent forms (ICFs) will be reviewed and approved by the DAIDS 
PRO and sites will receive an Initial Registration Notification from the DAIDS PRO that 
indicates successful completion of the protocol registration process. A copy of the Initial 
Registration Notification will be retained in the site's regulatory files.
Amendment Registration Language 
Upon receiving final IRB/EC and any other applicable RE approval(s) for a study 
amendment, sites should implement the amendment immediately.  Sites are required to 
submit an amendment registration packet to the DAIDS PRO at the RSC.  Site-specific 
ICF(s) will not be reviewed and approved by the DAIDS PRO and sites will receive an 
Amendment Registration Notification from the DAIDS PRO that approves the site specific 
ICFs and indicates successful completion of the amendment protocol registration 
process. A copy of the final amendment Registration Notification issued by the DAIDS 
PRO should be retained in the site's regulatory files.


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Table of Contents
Protocol Registration ..........................................................................................................................6
Initial Registration ...............................................................................................................................6
Amendment Registration Language...............................................................................................6
List of Abbreviations .........................................................................................................................10
Study Summary ...................................................................................................................................11
1.  Background and Study Rationale ............................................................................................17
1.1
Background and Relevant Literature........................................................................................17
1.2
Imatinib mesylate............................................................................................................................18
1.2.1
Preclinical Data on the effect of imatinib on Mtb infection...........................................................19
1.2.2
Clinical Data on the effect of imatinib on Mtb infection to Date.................................................21
1.3
Dose Rationale..................................................................................................................................21
1.4
Possible Drug-Drug Interactions with TB Therapy.............................................................23
1.5
Conduct of Study: Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Clinical Trials Office ..................23
1.6
Conduct of Study: Georgia Clinical & Translational Science Alliance (CTSA).............23
1.7
Conduct of Study: Emory University Investigational Drug Service................................24
1.8
Conduct of Study: Emory Medical Laboratory (EML)..........................................................24
1.9
Protocol Review, Finalization, and Approval Processes....................................................24
2
Study Objectives.........................................................................................................................24
2.1
Primary Objective...........................................................................................................................25
2.2
Secondary Objectives ....................................................................................................................25
3
Investigational Plan..................................................................................................................26
3.1
General Design.................................................................................................................................26
3.1.1
Screening Phase..............................................................................................................................................26
3.1.2
Study Intervention Phase............................................................................................................................27
3.1.3
Follow Up Phase .............................................................................................................................................29
3.1.4
Allocation to Interventional Group.........................................................................................................29
3.2
Study Endpoints ..............................................................................................................................30
3.2.1
Primary Study Endpoints............................................................................................................................30
3.2.2
Secondary Study Endpoints........................................................................................................................30
4
Study Population and Duration of Participation.............................................................31
4.1
Inclusion Criteria............................................................................................................................31
4.2
Exclusion Criteria ...........................................................................................................................31
4.3
Participant Recruitment...............................................................................................................33
4.4
Duration of Study Participation.................................................................................................34
4.5
Total Number of Participants ....................................................................................................34
4.6
Vulnerable Populations................................................................................................................34
5
Study drugs ..................................................................................................................................34
5.1
Description........................................................................................................................................34
5.2
Intervention Regimen ...................................................................................................................36
5.3
Study Product Acquisition/Distribution.................................................................................36


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5.4
Study Product Accountability.....................................................................................................37
5.5
Storage................................................................................................................................................37
5.6
Preparation and Packaging.........................................................................................................37
5.7
Blinding..............................................................................................................................................37
5.8
Administration and Accountability ..........................................................................................37
5.9
Participant Compliance Monitoring.........................................................................................37
5.9.1
Return or Destruction of Investigational Product..........................................................................38
6
Study Procedures.......................................................................................................................38
6.1
Screening ...........................................................................................................................................38
Table 1: Schedule of Study Procedures .................................................................................................39
6.2
Study Interventions........................................................................................................................40
6.2.1
Visit 1 (Baseline, Day 1) .............................................................................................................................40
6.2.2
Visit 2 (Day 3).................................................................................................................................................40
6.2.3
Visit 3 (Day 7).................................................................................................................................................40
6.2.4
Visit 4 (Day 14)..............................................................................................................................................41
6.2.5
Visit 5 (Day 15)..............................................................................................................................................42
6.2.6
Visit 6 (Day 17)..............................................................................................................................................42
6.2.7
Visit 7 (Day 21)..............................................................................................................................................42
6.2.8
Visit 8 (Day 28)..............................................................................................................................................43
6.2.9
Visit 9 (Day 29)..............................................................................................................................................43
6.2.10
Visit 10 (Day 42)......................................................................................................................................44
6.3
Unscheduled Visits .........................................................................................................................44
6.4
Participant Withdrawal and Discontinuation.......................................................................44
6.4.1
Data Collection and Follow-up for Withdrawn Participants......................................................45
6.5
Early Termination Visits ..............................................................................................................45
7
Study Evaluations and Measurements................................................................................46
7.1
Medical Record Review.................................................................................................................46
7.2
History and Physical Examination and ECG...........................................................................46
7.3
Vital Signs ..........................................................................................................................................46
7.4
Laboratory Evaluations ................................................................................................................46
7.5
Pregnancy Testing..........................................................................................................................47
7.6
Efficacy Evaluations .......................................................................................................................47
7.6.1 Change from baseline in the absolute numbers of circulating myeloid blood cells and 
other immune parameters........................................................................................................................................47
7.6.2 RNA sequencing .................................................................................................................................................48
7.7
Safety Evaluations...........................................................................................................................48
8
Sample Size Justification and Analysis Methods .............................................................49
8.1
Sample Size Justification and Statistical Analysis .................................................................49
8.1.1
Pharmacokinetic Analysis.........................................................................................................................53
8.1.2
Interim Analysis ............................................................................................................................................56
8.1.3
Safety Analysis ...............................................................................................................................................56
8.2
Participant Population(s) for Analysis....................................................................................56
9
Safety and Adverse Events......................................................................................................57
9.1
Definitions.........................................................................................................................................57
9.1.1
Adverse Event.................................................................................................................................................57
9.1.2
Serious Adverse Event ..................................................................................................................................57
9.2
Recording and Grading of Adverse Events.............................................................................58
9.3
Relationship of AE to Study .........................................................................................................58


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9.4
Reporting of Serious Adverse Events, and Unanticipated Problems ............................59
9.4.1
Follow-up report ............................................................................................................................................61
9.5
Medical Monitoring and Toxicity Management....................................................................61
9.5.1
Study Progress and Safety Monitoring Plan......................................................................................63
9.6
Critical Event Identification and Reporting...........................................................................64
10
Study Administration, Data Handling and Record Keeping....................................65
10.1
Confidentiality .................................................................................................................................65
10.2
Data Collection and Management..............................................................................................65
10.3
Records Retention............................................................................................................................65
11
Study Monitoring, Auditing, and Inspecting.................................................................66
11.1
Study Monitoring Plan...................................................................................................................66
12
Ethical Considerations.........................................................................................................66
12.1
Risks....................................................................................................................................................66
12.2
Benefits...............................................................................................................................................67
12.3
Risk Benefit Assessment...............................................................................................................68
12.4
Informed Consent Process / HIPAA Authorization .............................................................68
13
Study Finances........................................................................................................................68
13.1
Funding Source................................................................................................................................68
13.2
Conflict of Interest..........................................................................................................................68
13.3
Participant Stipends or Payments.............................................................................................68
14
Publication Plan.....................................................................................................................68
15
References ...............................................................................................................................68
16
Attachment ..............................................................................................................................71
17
Appendix ..................................................................................................................................71
17.1
Source Documents..........................................................................................................................71
17.2
Case Report Forms (CRFs) ...........................................................................................................71
17.3
GEORGIA CTSA CLINICAL RESEARCH CENTER FACILITY AT EMORY UNIVERSITY..........71
17.4
Emory University Investigational Drug Service .....................................................................73


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List of Abbreviations
AE..........................................adverse event
ART .......................................antiretroviral therapy
CI...........................................confidence interval
Cmax .....................................maximum concentration
CRF .......................................case report form
DAIDS....................................Division of AIDS of NIAID
DDI ........................................drug-drug interactions
FBPU ………………………….Fluorogenic BioParticles uptake
FDA .......................................US Food and Drug Administration
GCP.......................................good clinical practice
HDT .......................................host-directed therapy
INH……………………………..isoniazid
IIV………………………………interindividual variability
MDR ......................................multidrug-resistant
Mm …………………………… Mycobacterium marinum
MN.........................................monocytes
Mtb……………………………..Mycobacterium tuberculosis
OHRP………………………….Office for Human Research Protections
PD..........................................pharmacodynamics
PK..........................................pharmacokinetics
PMN.......................................polymorphonuclear cells
qD……………………………...once daily
RBT……………………………rifabutin
SAE .......................................serious adverse event
SUSAR ..................................suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction
T½ .........................................elimination half life
TB..........................................tuberculosis
Tmax......................................time to maximum concentration
XDR…………………………...extensively drug-resistant


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Version 3.1
Study Summary
Title
IMPACT-TB*: A phase II clinical trial of the safety, pharmacokinetics 
and hematologic effects of imatinib on myelopoiesis in adults when 
given with and without isoniazid and rifabutin
 *Imatinib mesylate per oral as a clinical therapeutic for TB
Short Title
Imatinib Dosing Trial
IRB Number
IRB00103001
Protocol Number
DAIDS-ES ID 38518
Phase
Phase 2 evaluating safety, immunologic efficacy and pharmacokinetics 
(PK) 
Methodology
Open label, sequential dose escalation design for Cohort 1, and 
randomized allocation to two imatinib doses for Cohort 2.
Study Duration
For Cohort 1 participants receiving imatinib followed by imatinib + 
rifabutin + isoniazid: Up to 50 days, including up to 8 days of screening, 
14 days of imatinib alone, 14 days imatinib combined with isoniazid and 
rifabutin, and 14 days of post-drug follow-up. 
For Cohort 2 participants receiving rifabutin + isoniazid followed by 
imatinib + rifabutin + isoniazid: Up to 50 days, including 8 days of 
screening, 14 days of rifabutin + isoniazid, 14 days imatinib combined 
with isoniazid and rifabutin, and 14 days of post-drug follow-up. 


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Study Center
Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University 
And Georgia Clinical & Translational Science Alliance (Georgia CTSA)
Georgia CTSA Clinical Research Center
Emory University Hospital 
1364 Clifton Rd.
Atlanta, Georgia 30322
United States
Objectives
Primary:

Cohort 1: To determine the effects of different doses of imatinib 
on myelopoiesis in adults when given alone

Cohort 2: To determine the effects of different doses of imatinib 
on myelopoiesis in adults when given in combination with 
rifabutin and isoniazid

Primary Safety Objective: To determine the safety of different 
doses of imatinib in combination with isoniazid and rifabutin in 
adults 
Secondary:

To assess the impact of imatinib on isoniazid and rifabutin PK 
and the impact of isoniazid and rifabutin on the PK and PD of 
imatinib 

To determine the effects of imatinib on cellular immune function 
and on circulating biomarkers of immune activation and on T 
cells and monocytes 

To assess proteomic and transcriptomic changes associated 
with imatinib administration


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Number of 
Participants
72 participants total; 48 will receive 14 days of imatinib alone at one of 
4 doses, followed by 14 days of imatinib together with rifabutin and 
isoniazid (Cohort 1); 24 will receive 14 days of rifabutin and isoniazid, 
followed by 14 days of rifabutin and isoniazid together with imatinib at 
one of 2 doses (Cohort 2)
Main Inclusion and 
Exclusion Criteria
The study will enroll healthy adult volunteers as defined in the protocol.
Investigational 
Product 
Participants will receive imatinib mesylate. Volunteers in Cohort 1 will 
receive one of 4 doses orally - 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg per day. 
Volunteers in Cohort 2 will receive one of two doses, determined by 
analysis of results obtained from the first cohort.
Duration of 
administration 
Volunteers in Cohort 1 will receive imatinib for a total of 28 days (14 
days imatinib alone at one of 4 doses listed above, followed by 14 days 
of imatinib and isoniazid 300 mg per day and rifabutin 300 mg per day). 
Volunteers in Cohort 2 will first receive isoniazid 300 mg per day and 
rifabutin 300 mg per day for 14 days followed by 14 days of 
combination isoniazid 300 mg per day, rifabutin 300 mg per day, and 
imatinib at one of 2 selected doses based on results from Cohort 1.
Reference therapy
None


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Statistical 
Methodology
Immunologic effects
There is a primary outcome for each cohort: For Cohort 1 the primary 
outcome is the change in the numbers of myelomonocytic cells in the 
blood between baseline and day 14 of the study; for Cohort 2 the 
primary outcome is the change in the numbers of myelomonocytic cells 
in the blood between day 14 and day 28 of the study. The change in 
these cells will be estimated with cohort-specific mixed models, 
combining all dose groups, with fixed effects for the two time points 
(Day 14, Day 28) and interactions between dose and each time point. 
Secondary efficacy analyses will also use mixed models to determine 
1) the difference between the change in the numbers of 
myelomonocytic cells from baseline to day 14 in Cohort 1 and the 
change in the numbers of myelomonocytic cells from day 14 to day 28 
in Cohort 2; 2) the change in the numbers of myelomonocytic cells from 
baseline to day 28 in Cohort 1; 3) the change in the numbers of 
myelomonocytic cells from baseline to day 28 in Cohort 2; 4) the pooled 
change in both cohorts in the numbers of myelomonocytic cells in the 
blood between baseline and day 28; 5) the relationship between 
imatinib exposures and change in the numbers of myelomonocytic cells 
during the imatinib-exposed periods in each cohort separately and in 
the pooled cohorts. The pooled comparisons will be estimated using the 
regression coefficients from the cohort-specific mixed models.
Safety
The incidence of all adverse events and in particular grade 3 or 4 
adverse events and SAEs during all follow-up time and during imatinib-
exposure time separately will be determined using point estimates and 
95% CIs. 


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Pharmacokinetic analysis
Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, including absorption, distribution, 
and metabolism, will be determined using S-ADAPT software utilizing a 
compartmental PK analysis approach and summarized by treatment 
regimen. The rifabutin and isoniazid PK will be examined as covariates 
of imatinib PK parameters both in S-ADAPT and well as using machine 
learning method of multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), to 
identify the drug-drug interactions. 
Study design 
Dose-escalation trial with PK/DDI components
Power and Sample Size Analysis 
48 participants with evaluable data in the first 14 days (imatinib only) of 
the first cohort will provide 90% power to detect a 0.48 SD in the 
change in the number of myelomonocytic cells on imatinib. Within each 
dose stratum, we will have 90% power to detect a 1.03 SD change. 
24 participants with evaluable data in the 14 - 28 days (imatinib+TB 
drugs) in the second cohort will provide 90% power to detect a 0.69 SD 
in the change in the number of myelomonocytic cells from day 14 to 
day 28 (imatinib added to isoniazid and rifabutin). 
 
Safety Evaluations 
Clinical and laboratory adverse events including ECG changes and 
symptoms and signs of drug-drug interactions (e.g., high rifabutin 
levels) will be monitored prospectively while on study drugs and at 14 
days after completion of imatinib and the TB drugs. 


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Study Progress and 
Safety Monitoring 
Plan 
The Independent Safety Monitor, PI and study team, Data Safety 
Monitoring Board (DSMB), and Sponsor will be responsible for 
monitoring the data quality and the ongoing safety of participants. 
Twelve subjects will be enrolled into each dosage arm in an ascending 
manner, starting with the 50 mg imatinib dose. In Cohort 1, a formal 
safety analysis will be performed by the team and the DSMB after 
complete safety and PK data are available from 6 participants within a 
stratum. If safe, and after a total of 12 participants are enrolled for the 
first stratum, then the next higher dose will begin enrolling participants. 
Enrollment will proceed in this manner until the sample size for Cohort 
1 has been reached. Formal safety analysis will then occur using the 
data from all dose groups in Cohort 1, and 2 doses will be chosen to 
evaluate in Cohort 2.    


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1.  BACKGROUND AND STUDY RATIONALE
This document is a clinical research protocol and the described study will be conducted in 
compliance with the protocol, Good Clinical Practice standards, Good Clinical Laboratory 
Practice standards, associated federal regulations, NIAID/DAIDS funding agency requirements, 
and all applicable University research requirements. The study is being performed in the United 
States, at Emory University in Atlanta, and will therefore also comply with all US federal 
research requirements. All episodes of noncompliance will be documented.
Introduction
Therapeutic agents capable of improving treatment of all forms of TB are urgently needed. The 
cancer drug imatinib limits mycobacterial infections in culture and animal models by reducing 
both entry into macrophages and augmenting phagolysosomal fusion (autophagy), which may 
facilitate antigen presentation and pathogen killing (1). Additionally, imatinib induces increases 
in myeloid cells (myelopoiesis), and an innate immune response to infection that mimics so-
called “emergency hematopoiesis,” a response that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) appears 
to suppress (2). Importantly, these mechanisms can be induced in animal models by oral doses 
substantially lower than those used in people to combat cancer. The dose-dependence has 
important implications for TB clinical studies in humans, as it suggests that imatinib could 
improve TB treatment using doses that impart minimal if any toxicity. 
This trial will evaluate the safety, immunologic effects and PK properties of several doses of 
imatinib when given alone and in combination with key anti-tubercular drugs in order to inform a 
subsequent phase 2 study evaluating the microbiologic effects of adjunctive imatinib at an 
optimized dose in patients with pulmonary TB. A full consideration of exposure-efficacy data and 
exposure-safety data from this study in healthy volunteers will be undertaken in collaboration 
with the DSMB and DAIDS prior to making recommentations for an appropriate treatment dose 
regimen of imatinib with isoniazid and rifabutin.
1.1
Background and Relevant Literature 
With existing anti-tubercular drug therapies, treatment of drug-susceptible TB takes at least 6 
months and success rates for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug 
resistant TB (XDR-TB) are a dismal 50 and 20%, respectively, highlighting the urgent need for 
new TB drugs (3). We have identified imatinib mesylate, a cancer drug used to treat humans 
with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) or gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), as a 


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potential “host- directed therapeutic (HDT)” for drug resistant TB infections and TB/HIV co-
infections. Imatinib inhibits c-Abl tyrosine kinase (TK), which is dysregulated in CML, as well as 
related TKs (e.g. c-Kit). Data from tens of thousands of human patients indicate that imatinib is 
generally well tolerated, with few severe adverse events and little toxicity, especially at low 
doses (4-7). In animal models, imatinib facilitates clearance of Mtb by disrupting the cellular 
mechanisms that Mtb uses for entry and survival in host cells (1). Also, at doses substantially 
lower than those used for CML, imatinib stimulates “emergency hematopoiesis,” a host immune 
response to infection that mobilizes myeloid cell populations, but which is suppressed by Mtb 
(2). As an HDT, imatinib acts synergistically with antibiotics, is effective against antibiotic-
resistant mycobacteria, and may be less likely to engender resistance compared to traditional 
anti-bacterial agents. Our proposal seeks to: determine the safety profile, immunologic effects, 
and PK properties of imatinib when given alone and with isoniazid and rifabutin. These studies 
will directly inform dosing for a subsequent phase 2 randomized clinical trial that will determine 
the safety and microbiologic efficacy of imatinib when used as an adjunctive therapy in 
pulmonary TB. We will conduct this initial study in Atlanta at Emory University in order to 
facilitate timely completion of the study, which will aid in the rapid evaluation of imatinib 
in a subsequent phase 2 study that will explore efficacy in patients with TB. 
1.2
Imatinib mesylate 
Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is approved by multiple regulatory agencies 
for the treatment of several malignancies, including Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic 
myelogenous leukemia (Ph+ CML), at adult doses of 400 - 800 mg/d (4, 5). The drug has a well-
defined safety profile. It is well absorbed after oral administration, with a t½ of 15 hr, supporting 
once daily dosing (8). Doses of 400 mg/d produce mean plasma concentrations of 
approximately 1.1 mg/L (average male, 1.8 m2) (9). Imatinib is both a substrate for and an 
inhibitor of CYP3A4. In CML its primary target is Bcr-Abl, a strongly expressed fusion protein 
with tyrosine kinase activity that results from the 9:22 chromosomal translocation. Inhibition of 
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Figures 1a and 1b. Effect of low dose imatinib on blood PMNs and MNs in mice and relationship between 
myelopoesis and mycobacterial growth. From (2). 
Two distinct mechanisms of action of imatinib pertain to its potential role in TB. The first 
is a direct, pharmacologic effect on macrophage function. In normal individuals, therapeutic 
concentrations of imatinib inhibit c-Abl1, c-Kit and related tyrosine kinases. Mtb uses one or 
more of these enzymes to inhibit phagolysosome fusion, thereby evading innate host defenses. 
Treatment of Mtb-infected macrophages with imatinib blocks this pathogenic mechanism by 
altering intracellular trafficking, promoting vesicle acidification and restricting Mtb growth 1, 10. In 
addition, low imatinib concentrations induce differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and 
progenitors in the bone marrow, augmenting myelopoiesis but not lymphopoiesis, and 
increasing numbers of myeloid cells in blood and spleen of mice (Figure 1a) (2). Whereas 
progenitor differentiation relies on partial inhibition of c-Kit by imatinib, myeloid lineage 
commitment depends upon inhibition of other PTKs. Myelopoiesis in turn is associated with 
improved control of mycobacterial growth (Figure 1b). Thus, imatinib at low doses mimics 
“emergency myelopoiesis”, a physiological innate immune response to systemic infection. At 
higher doses, effects on myelopoiesis are still evident but exodus of mature myeloid cells from 
the bone marrow into the periphery does not occur. 
1.2.1
Preclinical Data on the effect of imatinib on Mtb infection
In one representative experiment, C57Bl/6 mice treated with low dose imatinib by continuous 
infusion were infected with a large inoculum of Mtb. Treatment continued for 28 days, after 


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which animals were sacrificed. Mtb-CFU counts were significantly lower in imatinib treated 
animals, of whom approximately one third had completely cleared the infection, a reduction of 
more than 7 logs (Figure 2a) (10). In a recent, ongoing experiment, macaques were infected 
with Mtb by the aerosol route. After 6 weeks, 2 cohorts began treatment with either 3 
antimicrobial drugs used for MDR-TB treatment (moxifloxacin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide), or 
the 3 drugs plus imatinib 30 mg/kg/d. A 3rd cohort received no treatment. Animals underwent 
bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and immunologic evaluation after 3 additional weeks. Those 
treated with antimicrobials alone had a mean of 2x104 CFU in BAL fluid, whereas those also 
treated with imatinib had no detectable bacilli (Figure 2b). In addition, serum concentrations of 
C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, had normalized in imatinib-treated animals, 
whereas they had remained markedly abnormal in the other cohorts  (Figure 2c). This suggests 
that contrary to what one would expect in increasing autophagy and myelopoiesis, there was 
actually decreased inflammation. Indeed, lung pathology was also reduced with imatinib 
treatment when the drug was administered alone following reactivation with SIV, or when 
administered together with antibiotics (Figure 2d).
Figure 2. Effects of imatinib of TB 
infection in mice and non human primates 
(NHPs). A. CFUs from lung following 
aerosol Mtb infection in mice. Control 
animals were administered placebo or 
imatinib at 66 or 100 mg/kg/d for 28d. 
Note that 80% of animals showed 
reductions of at least 2 orders of 
magnitude and in some animals Mtb was 
below detectable levels (from Napier et al., 
2011). B. BAL CFUs in NHPs infected with 
high inoculum of Mtb (200CFU) for ~6 
weeks, and then treated for three weeks 
with either antibiotic regimen (ethambutol 
(15mg/kg), pyrazinamide (20mg/kg) and 
moxifloxacin (40mg/kg)), or antibioitcs 
plus imatinib (30mg/kg/d). C.  Serum CRP 
from animals infected with low inoculum of 
Mtb to induce a latent TB infction (LTBI), 
and then infected with SIV, which causes 
TB reactivation. Imatinib treatment 
commenced when animals showed signs of 
active disease; imatinib-treated animals 
were sacrificed pairwise when a control 
animal succumbed. D. Lung histology 
(H&E) and pathology scores from the 
antibiotic experiment (B) or the SIV 
reactivation experiment (C).


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1.2.2
Clinical Data on the effect of imatinib on Mtb infection to Date
There currently is limited clinical data on the effects of imatinib on TB treatment outcomes in 
humans. No trials have been performed, but individuals on imatinib for treatment of CML who 
developed TB anecdotally had successful treatment outcomes (11, 12). 
1.2.2.1
Human Pharmacokinetics
Human population PK of imatinib have been identified by Scmidli et al in 371 patients and are 
also a one compartment model: clearance of 14 L/hr with an inter-individual variability (IIV) of 
32% and a volume of 252 L (13). These data are also consistent with population PK data from 
Widmer et al using data from 59 patients with CML or GIST (8).  
1.2.2.2
Clinical Studies in Adults and Children
There have been no clinical studies of adjunctive imatinib for TB treatment in adults or children. 
1.3
Dose Rationale 
The optimal dose for adjunctive imatinib therapy in TB is unknown, necessitating a trial 
evaluating the safety, PK and PD relationships of multiple doses. We have used data from our 
NHP experiments to inform dosing for the proposed study. Specifically, we will aim to replicate 
drug concentrations associated with myeloid responses and Mtb killing in the NHP model. 
Based on the myeloid respone data, macaques treated with 10 mg/kg had no increase in 
myelomonocytic cell percentages by day 7, while in 2 animals treated with 30 mg/kg, one had 
an increase in the percentage of myelomonocytic cells and the other did not. In the macaque 
treated with 60 mg/kg there was a myelomonocytic cell response. The drug concentrations 
achieved by 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg in NHP were thus used to model the dosing target for 
human TB patients.
We utilized S-ADAPT for identifying PK parameters. The macaque concentrations with 
treatment of 30 mg/kg were best explained by a one-compartment model based on both Akaike 
Information criteria (score of 0.45 versus 6.51) and Bayesian Information criteria (score of 2.58 
versus 9.54) when compared to a two-compartment model. The final clearance estimate was 
23.95 L/hr, volume of 110.1 L, and absorption constant (Ka) of 0.22 per hour. This translates to 
a half-life of 3.19 hours in the macaques. The peak concentration was 1.35 mg/L at 4 hours and 
a trough of 0.05 mg/L at 24 hours (just prior to next dose). From this, we can calculate that the 
macaques treated with 30 mg/kg achieved a 0-24 hours area under the concentration-time 
curve (AUC0-24) of 9.19 mg*hr/L. By scaling, doses of 60 mg/kg would achieve an AUC0-24 of 


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18.37 mg*hr/L, peak of 2.70 mg/L and trough of 0.1 mg/L.  These sets of concentrations give us 
the target floor and ceiling concentrations to aim for in patients.
We performed Monte Carlo Experiments (MCE) of 5,000 patients each to identify the 
concentrations achieved by imatinib doses of 50 mg, 100, 150 mg, and 200 mg administered 
daily. The domain input were the PK parameter estimates and covariance matrix from Scmidli et 
al in 371 patients; these were entered into subroutine PRIOR of ADAPT. Results are shown in 
Figure 3, which also shows where concentrations for each would fall in relationship to the 
concentrations of 0.05-0.49 mg/L (pink lines) that have been associated with myelopoiesis, and 
0.5-1.97 mg/L (grey lines) that have been associated with autophagy. In addition, the doses of 
150 mg/day and 200 mg/day would also be able to fulfill the range on peak of 2.70 mg/L and a 
trough of 0.05 mg/L identified in the macaques that achieved both myelopoiesis and anti-TB 
effect. To begin our dose testing, we will use this range of 50 - 200 mg/day, as well as a higher 
dose of 400 mg/day to account for possible under-estimation of the effects in humans. Thus, we 
propose doses of 50 mg/day, 100 mg/day, 200 mg/day, and 400 mg/day to be tested in the first 
cohort (Cohort 1) of human volunteers. The trial design will allow for adjustment of the imatinib 
dosing for the second cohort (Cohort 2), based on the results of first cohort testing.
Figure 3. Model of PK/PD 
of imatinib in humans 
based on responses in non-
human primates.


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1.4
Possible Drug-Drug Interactions with TB Therapy
Standard treatment of drug-susceptible TB involves two months of isoniazid, a rifamycin such as 
rifampin or rifabutin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol, followed by four months of isoniazid and a 
rifamycin. Isoniazid inhibits CYP3A4, which could increase the concentrations of imatinib when 
given together(14). Both rifampin and rifabutin are inducers of cytochrome P450 enzymes, 
including CYP3A4. Although rifampin is the most commonly used rifamycin in TB treatment 
globally, in a single-dose PK study of 14 healthy human subjects rifampin reduced the mean 
imatinib Cmax, AUC0–24 and AUC0–∞ by 54% (90% CI: 48–60%), 68% (64–70%) and 74% (71–
76%), respectively. Rifabutin is substantially less potent in terms of inducing CYP3A and other 
drug-metabolizing enzymes compared to rifampin(15). Thus, in this study and in the subsequent 
phase 2 efficacy trial we have planned that rifabutin will be evaluated as the rifamycin of choice. 
The combined effects on imatinib PK on use of both isoniazid and rifabutin are unknown and 
may be offsetting. Thus, before we can give imatinib to patients who are taking these standard 
anti-tubercular therapies, we must understand how imatinib PK is affected by the combination of 
isoniazid and rifabutin. To address this, we will include a PK evaluation of this drug combination 
in the study.  
1.5
Conduct of Study: Emory University, Winship Cancer Institute, Clinical Trials Office
As Principal Investigator, Dr. Waller conducts clinical trials through his primary association with 
the Winship Cancer Institute. The Clinical Trials Office of the Winship Cancer Institute (Winship 
CTO) is staffed by highly-trained professional research personnel specializing in areas of clinical 
coordination, data management, specimen processing and regulatory management. Dr. Waller 
and co-investigators will work with the Winship CTO to ensure compliance with Winship clinical 
trials standard operating procedures, Good Clinical Practice (GCP), Emory University 
Institutional Review Board (IRB), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and other regulatory 
agencies (e.g., the OHRP) and NIAID/DAIDS (the Sponsor). Further information about the 
Winship CTO is found at: https://winshipcancer.emory.edu/research/clinical-trials-office/
1.6
Conduct of Study: Georgia Clinical & Translational Science Alliance (CTSA), 
Georgia CTSA Clinical Research Center (GCRC)
The study will be carried out using facilities of the Georgia CTSA GCRC located within the 
Emory University Hospital Clinical Research Site, with personnel based in the GCRC Nursing 
Staff and Core Laboratory. 
http://georgiactsa.org/discovery/clinical-sites/emory-university.html


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http://georgiactsa.org/discovery/nursing.html
Please see protocol Appendix Section 17.3 for further details. 
1.7
Conduct of Study: Emory University Investigational Drug Service
The pharmacy that will serve the study is the Emory University Investigational Drug Service 
(IDS) -  http://www.ocr.emory.edu/ids/index.html
The IDS is currently involved in a number of NIAID/DAIDS studies, demonstrating the capacity 
of IDS to initiate, conduct, participate in, and support NIAID/DAIDS funded research.  Please 
see Protocol Section 17.4 for required IDS information.  
1.8
Conduct of Study: Emory Medical Laboratory (EML)
Standard medical laboratory tests will be conducted by the Emory Medical Laboratory (EML). 
The EML is a fully accredited and licensed clinical laboratory.  EML participates in the College of 
American Pathologists (CAP) Laboratory Accreditation Program and has CLIA (Clinical 
Laboratory Improvement Amendments) certification through CMS (Centers of Medicare and 
Medicaid Services). Emory Medical Laboratory also is licensed by the state of Georgia.  
EML Lab Reference Ranges and CLIA certificate are found at the website. 
http://www.emoryhealthcare.org/centers-programs/medical-laboratory/index.html
1.9
Protocol Review, Finalization, and Approval Processes
The protocol will undergo a review, approval and set-up phase with the Georgia CTSA GCRC 
during the first 2 months of funding, as well as the Protocol Registration process with 
NIAID/DAIDS. A protocol-specific Manual of Operational Procedures in accordance with 
NIAID/DAIDS requirements will also be prepared and approved during this timeframe, 
incorporating procedures needed for this study and existing SOPs from the Winship CTO, 
Georgia CTSA GCRC and Core Lab, IDS Pharmacy, and Emory University Medical Laboratory. 
2
Study Objectives
The overall objective of the study is to determine safe and immunologically effective doses of 
imatinib that will subsequently be advanced to a phase 2 randomized clinical trial in adults with 
drug-susceptible pulmonary TB. Because of possible drug-drug interactions with isoniazid and 
rifabutin, we also aim to evaluate safety issues with eventual use in patients with TB taking TB 
drugs. These issues concern both effects of imatinib on TB drug levels as well as effects of TB 
drugs on imatinib levels. For example, imatinib’s tendency to inhibit CYP3A4 could increase 
rifabutin levels and the risk of dose-dependent rifabutin toxicity. Rifabutin induction of CYP3A4 


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could in turn decrease imatinib exposure, as explained above. In addition, the time courses of 
CYP enzyme inhibition or induction in humans taking imatinib and in those taking rifabutin and 
isoniazid are uncertain. 
Thus, the dosing schedules and rationale are as follows: in Cohort 1, we will give imatinib alone 
for 14 days – which is required to observe an effect of imatinib on myelopoiesis (the primary 
endpoint), followed by imatinib in combination with rifabutin and isoniazid for an additional 14 
days. This should give imatinib sufficient time to inhibit CYP3A4, which could lead to high 
rifabutin levels, during the 28-day course of drug dosing in Cohort 1. However, in the clinical trial 
that will occur subsequent to this study, patients will be diagnosed with TB in the community, 
where they may be promptly started on TB drugs, and then if enrolled they will subsequently 
have imatinib added to these drugs. Thus, in Cohort 2 we will give TB drugs first for 14 days in 
order to reach steady state, followed by imatinib in combination with rifabutin and isoniazid for 
an additional 14 days. This should provide for sufficient time to examine how rifabutin’s 
induction of CYP3A4 affects imatinib levels. 
Although the imatinib doses we propose to study are at or below approved doses for CML and 
GIST, possible drug-drug interactions will be addressed by enrolling patients using a dose-
escalation design as explained below. 
2.1
Primary Objective

Cohort 1: To determine the effects of different doses of imatinib on myelopoiesis in 
adults when given alone

Cohort 2: To determine the effects of different doses of imatinib on myelopoiesis in 
adults when given in combination with rifabutin and isoniazid 

Primary Safety Objective: To determine the safety of different doses of imatinib in 
combination with isoniazid and rifabutin in adults 
2.2
Secondary Objectives 

To assess the impact of imatinib on isoniazid and rifabutin PK and the impact of 
isoniazid and rifabutin on the PK and PD of imatinib 

To determine the effects of imatinib on cellular immune function and on circulating 
biomarkers of immune activation and on T cells and monocytes 

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3
Investigational Plan 
3.1
General Design
This is an open label trial evaluating the safety and immunologic effects of different doses of 
imatinib in healthy adult volunteers as well as the PK, PD, and DDIs of imatinib, isoniazid, and 
rifabutin when given in combination. In Cohort 1, 48 participants will be enrolled in a dose-
escalting fashion to receive one of four imatinib doses alone for 14 days, followed by imatinib in 
combination with rifabutin 300 mg and isoniazid 300 mg orally per day for another 14 days (for a 
total of 48 participants). Twelve participants will be enrolled to dose 1 (50 mg/daily). After a 
successful safety evaluation to day 42 follow-up and PK/PD assessment from the first 6 
participants, and enrollment of all 12 in the stratum, we will begin enrolling 12 participants in the 
2nd dose stratum (100 mg/daily). Enrollment will proceed in this fashion, with a formal safety 
evaluation and PK/PD assessment after the first 6 participants at each dose. In this manner, 12 
participants will be allocated to each imatinib dose.  
Using the dataset from Cohort 1, the investigators, working with the Independent Safety 
Monitor, the DSMB, and the Sponsor, will then choose two imatinib doses that have the optimal 
safety, PK and PD profiles for advancement into Cohort 2. In Cohort 2, 12 participants will take 
rifabutin 300 mg per day and isoniazid 300 mg per day orally for 14 days, followed by 14 days of 
rifabutin and isoniazid in combination with one of the two selected doses of imatinib (i.e., 24 
participants total will be enrolled into Cohort 2 to fulfill 12 participants for each of 2 doses). 
It is anticipated that the two doses to be tested in Cohort 2 will be among those tested in Cohort 
1 (50-400 mg/day). If we find that one of the optimal imatinib doses in the first cohort is 50 mg 
per day, we may choose to include a lower dose in Cohort 2 (e.g. 25 mg per day). The 
maximum dose we would test in Cohort 2 is 400 mg/day. The exact doses to be evaluated in 
Cohort 2 will be determined after analyzing data from Cohort 1.   
3.1.1
Screening Phase
Advertisements will be developed to recruit healthy participants from the Emory community of 
staff and students, and from primary care clinics at Emory Healthcare locations. A preliminary 
informational and pre-screening phone call will take place before scheduling an in-person 
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of potential COVID-19 symptoms and any known or suspected exposures during the pre-
screening phone call. 
These questions are: 
During the past 2 weeks, have you been in close contact with anyone known to have COVID-19 
disease or who tested positive for the virus? 
Do you have any of the following that started in the last 2 weeks, or have you had a COVID test 
within the last 14 days due to COVID-related symptoms?
- Fever greater than 100 F
- Shaking/chills
- Loss of taste/smell
- Cough
- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Sore throat
- Body/muscle aches
- Headache
- Diarrhea
- Rash
If the potential subject answers Yes to any of the questions, the individual will be encouraged to 
seek virus testing, and will not be invited to participate in the study.
The in-person screening evaluations will occur on days -7 to 0. Within 24 hours before the in-
person screening visit, another phone call will take place and the same questions about 
potential COVID-19 disease and any known or suspected exposures will be asked again 
(exception - this additional call is not needed if the in-person screening visit is scheduled the 
day after the pre-screening phone call above). If the potential subject answers Yes to any of the 
questions, the individual will be encouraged to seek virus testing, and will not be invited to 
participate in the study. Upon arrival at the GCRC for the in-person screening visit, the 
participant’s temperature will be taken and participants will be asked to provide written informed 
consent. If consent is provided, demographic and medical history and medical record review will 
be conducted and an HIV test will be performed. Testing for HBV and HCV will also be 
performed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be examined. For women of reproductive 


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potential, a pregnancy test will be performed. Physical exam with vital signs, medication review, 
lab safety tests, urinalysis, and a 12-lead ECG will be performed. These activities may be 
spread over multiple visits within the indicated time window. Participants who consent and who 
meet all of the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria will be enrolled. 
3.1.2
Study Intervention Phase 
Cohort 1: We will enroll Cohort 1 using a sequential dose-escalation design. Specifically, we 
will enroll 12 participants (e.g., 3 per week) in the imatinib 50 mg qD arm, with a formal review of 
safety data and PK/PD data from the first 6 participants enrolled in this arm. Enrollment of the 
second 6 participants in the dose group will continue while formal safety review of the first 6 
participants is conducted by the DSMB. If after all 6 of these participants complete the 42-day 
study follow-up there are no treatment emergent grade 3 or 4 adverse events considered to be 
related to the study treatment, and there are no serious adverse events or other safety concerns 
in the opinion of the investigators, the Independent Safety Monitor, the DSMB, and the Sponsor 
that would prevent dose escalation, we will complete enrollment of the first dose group and then 
commence enrollment of the 12 participants in the next dose group (100 mg qD arm). After 6 
participants complete day 42 followup in the 100 mg qD arm, we will review safety data and 
PK/PD data while enrollment in the 100 mg/day group continues. If the safety criteria above are 
met, we will complete enrollment of remaining participants in the 100 mg qD arm and then begin 
enrolling 12 participants in the 200 mg qD arm. This approach will proceed until there are 12 
participants with evaluable myelopoiesis data in each dose arm and the sample size for Cohort 
1 (48 participants) is fulfilled. All enrolled participants will be evaluable for safety and toxicity 
assessments if they have taken at least one dose of a study drug. Note that 42-day followup is 
required for a participant that “counts” toward the 6 needed for formal safety analysis. 
Therefore, if any of the first 6 participants in a dose group do not complete the study to day 42, 
we will need to include other participants who complete the day 42 visit to fulfill the requirement. 
Similarly, because study endpoints require data collection up to day 28, if a participant drops out 
prior to day 28, we will enroll another participant to complete the required complement of 12 
participants with protocol-compliant evaluable data (has taken >85% of all doses of study drugs 
and completed visits to day 28, including the 2 PK studies) per dose group (see Section 8.1 and 
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After assignment to a group, each participant will be assessed for baseline data according to 
Table 1 prior to their first imatinib dose. They will then take their first imatinib dose. Participants 
will then come back at various times during the 14-day period of imatinib-only dosing (see 
Section 6 on Study Procedures). During this time, safety assessments will be performed and 
blood will be collected for lab assays. Participants will be given imatinib in pre-filled pill 
containers at study visits indicated in the schedule of events. There will also be an intensive PK 
study performed on day 14. On this day, participants will have an IV placed to minimize 
discomfort related to phlebotomy at repeated time-points after dosing. Participants will return to 
complete the last PK blood draw on day 15 and will then continue taking imatinib at the same 
dose with addition of isoniazid 300 mg and rifabutin 300 mg orally per day for the subsequent 14 
days. Study visits will include safety and efficacy assessments. In addition, we will conduct a PK 
study on day 28, with the final PK blood draw on day 29. Volunteers will then discontinue all 
study drugs and will complete one additional follow-up visit at day 42, 14 days after receiving 
their last dose, for safety. This will conclude data collection for Cohort 1. 
Cohort 2: Enrollment in Cohort 2 will occur after the PK, PD, and safety data from Cohort 1 has 
been reviewed and two imatinib doses have been selected for further evaluation. The screening 
and intervention phase for Cohort 1 is the same as for Cohort 2 in terms of data collection. 
However, participants in Cohort 2 will begin taking rifabutin 300 mg per day and isoniazid 300 
mg per day for 14 days followed by these drugs in combination with one of two selected doses 
of imatinib for an additional 14 days. Volunteers will be randomized to one of the two different 
imatinib dose levels. PK studies and the final study visit at day 42 will be completed as for 
Cohort 1. The primary and secondary objectives for Cohort 2 requires evaluable myelopoiesis 
and PK study data through day 28 from 12 participants in both of the imatinib dose groups (total 
24 participants in Cohort 2, see Section 8.1 and Section 8.2). 
Meal Timing for all participants in Cohorts 1 and 2: We will instruct participants to take drugs 
on an empty stomach in order to avoid the attenuation of INH absorption and potential for 
masking toxicity associated with higher drug levels when INH is taken with food. While taking 
imatinib without food may reduce drug levels, we want to describe a drug administration 
program that can be transferred to TB-infected patients in Africa, who are commonly instructed 
to take their anti-TB drugs after fasting. Our hypothesis is that low levels of imatinib will be 
associated with the optimal myelopoietic effect. If fasting reduces imatinib absorption and 


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imatinib drug levels, the recommended imatinib dose (from participants instructed to take all 
drugs while fasting) that is associated with the optimal myelopoietic effect may be higher than if 
imatinib were taken with a meal (i.e., 200 mg in fasting participants rather than 100 mg in 
participants who take the drug with a meal). In contrast, taking INH with a meal during this dose-
finding study may reduce INH levels and could lead to an erroneous conclusion that the 
recommended dose of 600 mg INH in combination with imatinib is safe, when “real-world” 
consumption of the same INH dose in combination with imatinib while fasting could lead to INH 
toxicity.  Thus we prefer to design a drug administration schedule in which participant safety is 
paramount.  For the purposes of this study, all 3 drugs should be taken upon waking, within a 5-
minute timeframe. Imatinib, then INH, then rifabutin. Breakfast may be eaten 1 hour after taking 
the study drugs. On study visit days, participants may eat a small breakfast at home at least 2 
hours before the scheduled time of study drug administration (e.g. 7am), anticipating that the 
study drugs will be administered at the GCRC at 9am. On the PK study days (visits 4 and 8), a 
meal or snack will be provided 1 hour after study drug administration at the GCRC.
3.1.3
Follow Up Phase
Participants will be followed for an additional 14 days after study drug administration. All 
participation in the study should be complete by day 50 after enrollment. 
3.1.4
Allocation to Interventional Group 
Imatinib dose allocation in Cohort 1 will occur in an ascending manner, with safety evaluations 
before proceeding to the next higher dose as described in Section 3.1.2. Dose allocation for 
Cohort 2 will be randomized. The study statistician will generate the randomization allocation 
list. The list will be used for assignment of pill containers, prepared by the Emory IDS, 
corresponding to drug dose. The master list of pill container assignments will be kept by the 
data coordinating center in a password protected and encrypted computer. 
3.2
 Study Endpoints 
3.2.1
Primary Study Endpoints

The primary endpoint for Cohort 1 is the change in the number of myelomonocytic 
cells in the blood between baseline and day 14 of imatinib (imatinib alone).


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
The primary endpoint for Cohort 2 is the change in the number of myelomonocytic 
cells in the blood between day 14 and day 28 of imatinib (imatinib given to participants 
already taking isoniazid and rifabutin).

The primary safety endpoint will be grade 3 or 4 events and SAEs. All AEs 
regardeless of grade will be recorded and monitored. Safety will be primarily 
determined by the percent of participants on study who experience a grade 3 or 4 AE 
or a serious adverse event (SAE) that are considered related to the study drug. An 
SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that meets any of the following 
criteria: 

Results in death, or is life-threatening

Results in participant hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization

Results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity

Is a congenital anomaly/birth defect
Other medically important conditions will also be assessed. These conditions include 
important medical events that may not be immediately life-threatening or result in 
death or hospitalization but may jeopardize the participant or may require intervention 
to prevent one of the outcomes listed in the definition above.
3.2.2
Secondary Study Endpoints

Evaluation of the PK parameters and drug-drug interactions of imatinib, rifabutin and 
isoniazid.

Additional research endpoints related to immunologic effects will include measures of 
cellular immune function and biomarkers of immune activation circulating in blood and 
expressed on the surface of T cells and monocytes. 

Secondary efficacy analyses will determine 1) the difference between the change in the 
numbers of myelomonocytic cells from baseline to day 14 in Cohort 1 and the change in 
the numbers of myelomonocytic cells from day 14 to day 28 in Cohort 2 (to evaluate the 
effect of TB drugs on imatinib-induced myelopoesis); 2) the change in the numbers of 
myelomonocytic cells from baseline to day 28 in Cohort 1; 3) the change in the numbers 
of myelomonocytic cells from baseline to day 28 in Cohort 2; 4) the pooled change in 
both cohorts in the numbers of myelomonocytic cells in the blood between baseline and 
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of myelomonocytic cells during the imatinib-exposed periods in each cohort separately 
and in the pooled cohorts. 

Finally, as exploratory analyses, we will evaluate the proteomic and transcriptomic 
changes associated with imatinib.
4
Study Population and Duration of Participation 
4.1
Inclusion Criteria

Adult age > 18 years & < 55 years

Body mass index (BMI) >18.5 kg/m2

At least 8 years formal education, with appropriate reading and comprehension skills

Able and willing to provide written informed consent 

Males must agree to using contraception during the study and for 2 weeks after the 
last dose of study drug.

If a female participant is of reproductive potential, the participant (and her partner) must 
agree to use of one of the following combinations of birth control during the study and 
for 2 weeks after the last dose of study drug (or tubal ligation as a single method): 
1) Use of a double-barrier method of contraception: condoms (male or female) and a 
diaphragm or cervical cap with spermicide; 
2) Use of an IUD and a barrier method: condoms (male or female, with or without 
spermicide) or a diaphragm or cervical cap with spermicide; 
3) Tubal ligation. 
Important Note: Due to documented effects of rifabutin on effectiveness of homonal 
contraceptives (16-18), these are not included as options here with the exception of an 
IUD. Women who are post-menopausal, defined as age greater than 45 and no 
menses for at least 1 year, or who have had a hysterectomy, are considered not of 
reproductive potential.  
  
4.2
Exclusion Criteria

Current or imminent treatment for significant infection

Pregnant or breastfeeding

HIV positive status as determined by an FDA-approved HIV assay


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
Hepatitis B infection, as determined by an FDA-approved hepatitis B surface antigen 
assay

Hepatitis C infection, as determined by an FDA-approved positive Hepatitis C 
antibody assay

Known infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)

History of allergy or hypersensitivity to imatinib, isoniazid or rifabutin.

History of enrollment in other clinical trials with investigational agents within 8 weeks

Cardiac arrhythmia requiring medication, or any clinically significant ECG abnormality

Exam consistent with congestive heart failure (e.g., edema)

Random blood glucose >140 mg/dL or history of unstable diabetes mellitus requiring 
hospitalization for hyper or hypoglycemia within the past year prior to start of 
screening

Use of systemic corticosteroids within the past 28 days

Any of the following readings from a complete blood count that fall outside the normal 
ranges as listed here:
White blood cell count: 3.4 10E3/mclL – 11 10E3/mcL
Hemoglobin: Female- 11.1 – 16.7 gm/dL, Male- 12.5 – 16.5 gm/dL
Platelet count: 150-400 10E3/mcL
Absolute neutrophil count: Female- 0.91-5.53 10E3/mcL, Male- 0.67-6.4110E3/mcL
Absolute lympyocyte count: Female- 0.65-3.05 10E3/mcL, Male- 0.72-3.29 10E3/mcL

Any of the following chemistry panel and liver function test readings that fall outside 
the normal ranges as listed here:
Serum potassium: 3.5-5.4 mmol/L
ALP: 34 – 104 unit/L
ALT: 4 - 52 unit/L
AST: 13 - 39 unit/L
Total Bilirubin: 0.2 - 1.0 mg/dL
Creatinine: Female- 0.60-1.32 mg/dL, Male- 0.7-1.3 mg/dL

Cirrhosis of the liver, or any known active or chronic liver disease 

Current or past alcohol or elicit/recreational drug use, which in the expert judgment of 
the Investigator, will interfere with the participant’s ability to comply with the protocol 
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
Any experimental medications for < 8 weeks prior to screening or anticipated use 
during the trial

Current (within 30 days prior to the first dose of study drug) or anticipated use of 
antimetabolites; alkylating agents; or other drugs or herbal preparations (including St. 
John’s wort), known to affect activity of the CYP3A4 enzyme pathway

Consumption of grapefruit, grapefruit juice, or grapefruit-related citrus fruits (e.g., 
pomelos) within 7 days before assessment for eligibility

Unwilling to avoid grapefruit or grapefruit-related citrus fruits/pomelo during the 
course of the study

Unwilling to avoid alcohol for the duration of the study

Unwilling to abstain from taking acetaminophen-containing medications during the 28-
day study drug dosing period, due to increased risk of liver toxicity

History of major medical disorders including metabolic, endocrine, hypothyroid, 
hepatic, renal, hematologic, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, autoimmune or 
cardiovascular disorders

Uncontrolled hypertension (persistent measurements at or above 150/100)

Participants who are, in the opinion of the Investigator, unable to comply with the 
dosing schedule and protocol evaluations

Diarrhea defined as > 4 stools per day

Active involvement (by the participant or the participant’s partner) in In Vitro 
Fertilization or another assisted reproductive technology procedure

Emory students currently enrolled in a course taught by the PI or a Co-Investigator

Emory employees currently working under supervision of the PI or a Co-Investigator
4.3
Participant Recruitment 
Advertisements will be developed with basic information and a phone contact for interested 
persons. These will be posted with appropriate permissions on the Emory University campus 
and at Emory Healthcare primary care facilities. For potential volunteers who pass basic 
screening questions during the phone call (age, major comorbidities, COVID-19 screening 
questions), a formal screening visit at the GCRC unit will be arranged.


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4.4
Duration of Study Participation
The duration of study participation will be up to 50 days, to account for up to 8 days of screening 
and 42 days of follow-up. 
4.5
Total Number of Participants
Recruitment will end when 72 evaluable participants are enrolled. It is expected that 
approximately 80-85 participants may need to be enrolled in order to result in 72 evaluable 
participants. 
4.6
Vulnerable Populations 
Children, pregnant women, fetuses, neonates, or prisoners are not included in this research 
study.
5
Study drugs
5.1
Description
Imatinib: Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is approved by multiple regulatory 
agencies for the treatment of several malignancies, including Philadelphia chromosome positive 
chronic myelogenous leukemia (Ph+ CML), at adult doses of 400-800 mg/day. The drug has a 
well-defined safety profile. It is well absorbed after oral administration, with a t½ of 15 hr in 
normal participants, supporting once daily dosing. Doses of 400 mg/d produce mean plasma 
concentrations of approximately 1.1 mg/ml (9). The doses that we will study achieve 
concentrations shown in Figure 3. Imatinib is both a substrate for and an inhibitor of CYP3A4; it 
is however unclear if this is dose-dependent. In CML its primary target is BCR-Abl, a strongly 
expressed fusion protein with tyrosine kinase activity that results from the 9:22 chromosomal 
translocation. Inhibition of BCR-Abl in CML by imatinib arrests myeloid cell proliferation and 
restores normal apoptosis. In this study we will use imatinib mesylate at 50, 100, 200, and 400 
mg orally daily. Imatinib is supplied as 100 mg and 400 mg tablets that are scored. Tablets will 
be split by a licensed research pharmacist for dosing. 
Isoniazid: Isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazine) is a potent antimycobacterial drug that is on 
the World Health Organization’s (WHO) List of Essential Medicines. Isoniazid has been in use 
since 1954 to treat TB and since 1963 for the prevention of TB in latently infected individuals. 
Oral doses of isoniazid are rapidly and nearly completely absorbed and distributed throughout 
the body, resulting in a time to peak concentration of 1-2 hours and a bioavailability of 90-95%. 


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After absorption, the first step in isoniazid clearance is hepatic metabolism by acetylation and 
dehydrazination. Generic isoniazid is available as 100 and 300 mg tablets. The recommended 
dose is 300 mg (approximately 5 mg/kg) daily alone (for TB prevention and for drug susceptible 
TB) and 600 mg for MDR-TB treatment in the 9 months regimen in combination with other anti-
tubercular therapies. Common side effects include gastrointestinal upset, rash, and occasionally 
fever. A rare but serious side effect is hepatotoxicity. Approximately 10 to 20% of patients 
experience transient serum aminotransferase elevations during TB treatment and approximately 
5% have levels that rise 5 times or more above the upper limit of normal. Mild abnormalities 
typically resolve without dose adjustment or discontinuation. In less than 1% of those taking the 
drug, isoniazid can cause severe acute liver injury. Onset is usually characterized as a gradual 
worsening of nausea, anorexia, and abdominal discomfort, followed by dark urine and jaundice. 
The time to onset ranges from 2 weeks to 6 months or more and thus severe hepatic injury is 
very unlikely in those taking isoniazid for 14 days only. Monitoring patient symptoms and hepatic 
enzymes and prompt discontinuation if worrisome symptoms or signs develop are regularly 
employed to reduce hepatotoxicity risk. Importantly, isoniazid is an inhibitor of CYP3A4, the 
exact enzyme for which imatinib is both a substrate and an inhibitor. Polymorphisms at the N-
acetyltransferase 2 gene (Nat2) affect the initial isoniazid acetylation rate – and represent an 
important factor for interpreting any AEs associated with isoniazid, as well as interpreting the 
potential for drug interaction between imatinib and isoniazid. In this study, the Nat2 acetylator 
status should be evident at the phenotypic level through the PK results for isoniazid. We will 
confirm this by batch analysis of Nat2 genetic polymorphisms at the end of the study, using 
buffy coat WBC samples collected from each participant.
Rifabutin: Rifabutin was approved for use to prevent disseminated Mycobacterium avium 
complex (MAC) disease in patients with HIV in the US in 1992 and is also on the WHO’s List of 
Essential Medicines. Although rifampin is more commonly used because of cheaper cost, 
rifampin can be replaced with rifabutin in the case of concerns for drug-drug interactions from 
rifampin. Rifabutin comes as 150 mg capsules. Rifabutin has been associated with rash (4%), 
gastrointestinal intolerance (3%), and neutropenia (2%). Less than 1% of patients experience 
flu-like syndrome, hepatitis, hemolysis, arthralgia, myositis, and skin discoloration. Most of these 
adverse events have occurred in patients taking rifabutin for extended durations and tolerability 
of 14 days of the drug is expected to be very high. Uveitis may occur with elevated levels of 
rifabutin, which is a potential risk in this study when rifibutin is taken concurrently with imatinib.  


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Importantly, rifabutin is a mild inducer of CYP3A4, the exact enzyme for which imatinib is both a 
substrate and an inhibitor.
Please refer to the Package Inserts for additional information on the study medications listed 
above. The following sources will be used for the three drugs: 
Imatinib – Apotex
https://www1.apotex.com/products/us/downloads/pil/imat_fctb_ins.pdf
Isoniazid - Teva
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=9499f1cf-2f46-4047-8b71-
90aee7dee854&type=display
Rifabutin - Greenstone
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=c2026b67-4755-4236-96b6-
a6b5e7399707&type=display
5.2
Intervention Regimen
See description of the study design in Section 3.1 above.  
5.3
Study Product Acquisition/Distribution 
Imatinib (Apotex), isoniazid (Teva), and rifabutin (Greenstone) will be supplied through the study 
and will be made available through the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 
(NIAID) Clinical Research Products Management Center (CRPMC). The site pharmacist can 
obtain the study products for this protocol by following the instructions in the manual Pharmacy 
Guidelines and Instructions for DAIDS Clinical Trials Networks in the section Study Product 
Management Responsibilities. Upon receipt of the drug the quantity and expiration dates will be 
verified to assure quantity and quality.
5.4
Study Product Accountability
The site pharmacist is required to maintain complete records of all study products received from 
the NIAID CRPMC and subsequently dispensed. All unused study products must be returned to 
the NIAID CRPMC (or as otherwise directed) after the study is completed or terminated. The 


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procedures to be followed are provided in the manual Pharmacy Guidelines and Instructions for 
DAIDS Clinical Trials Networks in the section Study Product Management Responsibilities.
5.5
Storage
We will store imatinib tablets at 25°C (77°F) at currently available research pharmacies in 
Emory; excursions will be permitted to 15°C-30°C (59°F-86°F) as per the package insert. We 
will protect tablets from moisture. 
5.6
Preparation and Packaging
The clinical trials pharmacist will prepare treatment courses using pill containers after scoring 
tablets as necessary to achieve the desired doses.  
5.7
Blinding
This study is not blinded in terms of participant assignment to study arms. However, research 
samples will be coded in a blinded fashion so that personnel reading assays will be blinded to 
treatment arm wherever practical/possible.
5.8
Administration and Accountability   
A study nurse will watch participants take their assigned medication doses on days when they 
attend a study visit. Pill containers will be filled by the research pharmacists to provide 
participants with easy dosing on non-study days. Product reconciliation will be conducted on a 
regular basis and will include information on product administration, such as: date administered, 
amount administered and to which participants, product remaining, product damaged/destroyed 
and date of damage/destruction, product returned and date of return, etc. A standard form will 
be utilized to document this information throughout the study period. 
5.9
Participant Compliance Monitoring
Participant compliance will be assessed by observing therapy on study visit days and by 
participant self-report and pill count during intervals between visits. Adherence will be tracked by 
noting whether the participant received/took the correct dose of the product using the above 
methods. The protocol adherence for each participant can be quantified for the 28-day dosing 
period using pill counts, using the formula #doses taken divided by number of prescribed days 
for an interval, x 100 (to get a percent adherence). Acceptable protocol-compliance is defined 
as taking >85% of all doses of study drugs and completed visits to day 28. All participants taking 
at least one dose of the study drug and who do not withdraw consent will be followed for the full 
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5.9.1
Return or Destruction of Investigational Product
The clinical trials pharmacists will complete a final reconciliation of the study drug after the last 
participant completes their last study visit.  The trials pharmacist will investigate any 
discrepancies in drug supply. Drug remaining at the end of the study period will be disposed.
6
Study Procedures
6.1
Screening 
Screening will include:

Informed Consent 

Medical History and Medical Record Review

Review of Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

HIV testing for those who do not report being HIV-infected

HBV and HCV testing

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

ECG

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Height

Urinalysis

Urine collection for evaluation of drug metabolites (control reading for comparisons to 
visits 4 and 8)

Pregnancy Test

Review of Medications

Clinical Laboratory Assessment (blood sample) for complete blood count with 
differential, manual differential, serum chemistries including liver function tests and 
serum creatinine

Randomization after Consent (for Cohort 2 only)
 
Table 1: Schedule of Study Procedures 
Study Phase
Screening
Dosing Interval 1
Cohort 1: imatinib 
Cohort 2: RBT+INH
Dosing Interval 2
Cohort 1: imatinib+RBT+INH
Cohort 2: imatinib+RBT+INH
Post-
Treatment 
Follow-Up
Visit Number
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10


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6.2
Study Interventions 
Each study visit 1 – 10 will be preceded by a phone call, within 24 hours before the visit, for 
COVID-19 potential exposure and symptom screening. 
These questions are: 
During the past 2 weeks, have you been in close contact with anyone known to have COVID-19 
disease or who tested positive for the virus? 
Do you have any of the following that started in the last 2 weeks, or have you had a COVID test 
within the last 14 days due to COVID-related symptoms?
- Fever greater than 100 F
- Shaking/chills
- Loss of taste/smell
- Cough
Study Days
-8 to 0
1
3
7
14
15*
17
21
28
29*
42
Informed Consent
X
Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
X
Enrollment (all participants)
Randomization (Cohort 2)
X
HIV, HCV, HBV testing
X
Medical History and Record 
Review
X
X
X
X
X
Physical Assessment, 
Weight & Symptoms
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Vital Signs: BP, HR, RR, 
Temperature
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Height 
X
Pregnancy Test
X
X
X
X
X
Medication Review
X
X
X
X
X
ECG
X
X
X
X
X
Clinical Laboratory 
Evaluation **
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dispense study drugs
X
X
PK study
X
X
X
X
Nat2 Screening
X
Research Blood for immune 
cell subset analysis
X
X
X
X
X
X
Research Blood for RNA 
isolation
X
X
X
Urinalysis and urine storage
X
X
X
Adverse Event Review / 
Unanticipated Problems 
Assessment
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Total blood draw volume
20ml
45ml
30ml
70ml
5ml
30ml
60ml
5ml
30ml
*Brief day 15 and day 29 visits are required to collect 24-hour post dose blood required for the day 14 and day 28 PK 
studies, respectively. 
** Complete blood count with differential, manual differential, serum chemistries including liver function tests and serum 
creatinine.
INH=isoniazid; RBT=rifabutin; BP=Blood pressure; HR=heart rate; RR=respiratory rate; ECG=echocardiogram; 
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- Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
- Sore throat
- Body/muscle aches
- Headache
- Diarrhea
- Rash
If the subject answers Yes to any of these questions the day before the Baseline visit (Visit 1), 
then the individual will be encouraged to seek virus testing, and study participation will be 
discontinued. 
For visits 2-10, if a participant reports any body/muscle aches, headache, diarrhea, or rash, 
WITHOUT other symptoms that could indicate COVID-19 or likely exposure events, they will 
continue with the scheduled study visit since these symptoms could be due to side effects of the 
study drugs.  The study team will arrange for such participants to be tested for SARS-CoV-2 
through Emory Healthcare as soon as possible (but will not delay study visits while awaiting 
results). When the results are available (3-5 days after testing), if the virus test is negative, 
study visits will continue. If the virus test is positive, study participation will be discontinued.
For visits 2-10, if a participant answers Yes to the potential exposure questions, or Yes for the 
other symptoms (fever, shaking/chills, loss of taste/smell, couth, shortness of breath or difficulty 
breathing, sore throat), then the individual will be encouraged to seek virus testing, and study 
participation will be discontinued. 
6.2.1
Visit 1 (Baseline, Day 1) 
The baseline visit will occur within 8 days of screening. Procedures to be completed at the 
baseline visit include: 

Medical History and Medical Record Review

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Pregnancy Test

Review of Medications

Clinical Laboratory Assessment (blood sample) for complete blood count with 
differential, manual differential, serum chemistries including liver function tests and 
serum creatinine

Research Blood Collection including blood collection directly into RNA protection tubes 
for RNA sequencing. An aliquot of buffy coat white blood cells will be stored for batch 
analysis of Nat2 genetic polymorphisms at the end of the study as described in Section 
5.1 - Isoniazid.

Study Medication Dispensation

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review


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6.2.2
Visit 2 (Day 3)
This is a brief study visit for symptom check and vital signs. There is a 1-day visit window after 
day 3 for this visit (Day 3 or 4). 

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review
6.2.3
Visit 3 (Day 7)
This is a full study visit. There is a 3-day window for this visit (Day 6, 7, or 8). 

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Clinical Laboratory Assessment (blood sample) for complete blood count with 
differential, manual differential, serum chemistries including liver function tests and 
serum creatinine

Research Blood Collection 

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review
6.2.4
Visit 4 (Day 14)
This is a full study visit including PK. This is the last day of imatinib only (Cohort 1) or isoniazid 
+ rifabutin only (Cohort 2) administration. There is no study visit window for this visit as it must 
occur on the last day of drug administration. 

Medical History and Medical Record Review

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Pregnancy Test

Review of Medications

ECG


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
Clinical Laboratory Assessment (blood sample) for complete blood count with 
differential, manual differential, serum chemistries including liver function tests and 
serum creatinine

Research Blood Collection including blood collection directly into RNA protection tubes 
for RNA sequencing

PK study comprising blood samples taken at 6 time points over approximately 24 hours. 
Samples will be collected at 0h (pre-dose), 0.5 hrs (+/- 5 min), 2 hrs (+/- 10 min), 4.0 hrs 
(+/- 10 min), 8.0 hrs (+/- 10 min), and 24 hrs (+/- 10 min). These sampling times were 
identified based on optimal sampling theory, using the SAMPLE program of ADAPT, and 
also taking into account collection on a realistic schedule for healthy volunteer 
participants. Of note, participants will go home after the 8 hour time-point and will return 
the next day (day 15) for a 24 hour blood draw that is required to determine trough drug 
levels.

Urine collection for evaluation of drug metabolites

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review
6.2.5
Visit 5 (Day 15)
This is a brief visit required for collection of the 24-hour blood sample for the PK study. There is 
no study visit window for this visit as it must occur the day after Visit 4. This is also the first day 
of imatinib combined with isoniazid + rifabutin administration.  

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review

PK assessment (one blood draw) at 24 hours after the previous day’s study medication 
doses.

Study Medication Dispensation
6.2.6
Visit 6 (Day 17)
This is a brief study visit for symptom check and vital signs. There is a 1-day window after day 
17 for this visit (Day 17 or 18). 

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation


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
Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review
6.2.7
Visit 7 (Day 21)
This is a full study visit. There is a 3-day window for this visit (Day 20, 21, or 22). 

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

ECG

Clinical Laboratory Assessment (blood sample) for complete blood count with 
differential, manual differential, serum chemistries including liver function tests and 
serum creatinine

Research Blood Collection 

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review
6.2.8
Visit 8 (Day 28)
This is a full study visit including PK. This is the last day of medication administration. There is 
no study visit window for this visit as it must occur on the last day of drug administration. 

Medical History and Medical Record Review

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Pregnancy Test

Review of Medications

ECG

Clinical Laboratory Assessment (blood sample) for complete blood count with 
differential, manual differential, serum chemistries including liver function tests and 
serum creatinine

Research Blood Collection including blood collection directly into RNA protection tubes 
for RNA sequencing

Urine collection for evaluation of drug metabolites

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review


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
PK study comprising blood samples taken at 6 time points over approximately 24 hours. 
Samples will be collected at 0h (pre-dose), 0.5 hrs (+/- 5 min), 2 hrs (+/- 10 min), 4.0 hrs 
(+/- 10 min), 8.0 hrs (+/- 10 min), and 24 hrs (+/- 10 min). Participants will go home after 
the 6 hour time-point and will return the next day (day 29) for a 24 hour blood draw that 
is required to determine trough drug levels.
6.2.9
Visit 9 (Day 29)
This is a brief visit required for collection of the 24-hour blood sample for the PK study. There is 
no study visit window for this visit as it must occur the day after Visit 8. 

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review

PK assessment (one blood draw) at 24 hours after the previous day’s study medication 
doses.
6.2.10 Visit 10 (Day 42)
This is a post-drug follow-up visit and the final study visit. There is a 5 day window for this visit 
(Day 40, 41, 42, 43 or 44). Participants will be debriefed at this visit and will be told when they 
can obtain results of the study from the investigators. 

Medical History and Medical Record Review

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Pregnancy Test

Review of Medications

ECG

Clinical Laboratory Assessment (blood sample) for complete blood count with 
differential, manual differential, serum chemistries including liver function tests and 
serum creatinine

Research Blood Collection 

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review


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6.3
Unscheduled Visits
Visits occurring outside the visit windows will be considered unscheduled visits. At a minimum 
vital signs and medical history will be reviewed at these visits, in addition to recording, grading 
and reporting (as necessary) any adverse events. Any necessary clinical monitoring including 
physical exam and laboratory evaluation will also be done as necessary. 
6.4
Participant Withdrawal and Discontinuation
Participants may withdraw from the study at any time without impact to their care.  They may 
also be discontinued from the study at the discretion of the Investigator. Specific criteria for 
Permanent and Premature Treatment Discontinuation include the following:  

Failure by the participant to attend 3 consecutive study visits and/or failure to comply with 
4 or more doses of study drugs

Protocol-defined drug-related toxicity of grade 3 or higher

Requirement for prohibited concomitant medications

Pregnancy or breast-feeding

Request by participant to terminate treatment

Clinical reasons believed life threatening by the physician, even if not addressed in the 
toxicity section of the protocol
It will be documented whether or not each participant completes the clinical study. Participants 
who withdraw early, if willing, will have one final visit to collect investigational product and to 
follow up regarding adverse events. Participants may also be discontinued from the study for 
the following reasons: 

Request by the participant to withdraw

Request of the primary care provider if she or he thinks the study is no longer in the best 
interest of the participant

Participant judged by the investigator to be at significant risk of failing to comply with the 
provisions of the protocol as to cause harm to self or seriously interfere with the validity 
of the study results

At the discretion of the study supporter (NIH/NIAID/DAIDS), the IRB/Ethics Committee, 
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP), 
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6.4.1
Data Collection and Follow-up for Withdrawn Participants
Participants who withdraw consent to participate in the study will be seen for one final visit if 
willing. During this visit they will be asked for permission to assess any possible AEs and will 
have a chance to debrief with study personnel.   
6.5
Early Termination Visits  
If a participant decides to leave the study early or is asked to leave by the investigator, a final 
close out visit will be performed if the participant is willing and the participant will be given a 
chance to debrief with the study team. The following will be done at the time of the early 
termination visits if the participant allows:

Medical History and Medical Record Review

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Pregnancy Test

Review of Medications

ECG

Clinical Laboratory Assessment (blood sample) for complete blood count with manual 
differential, serum chemistries including liver function tests and serum creatinine

Research Blood Collection including blood collection directly into RNA protection tubes 
for RNA sequencing

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review
7
Study Evaluations and Measurements 
Standard, validated tests and test instruments are not described. 
7.1
Medical Record Review
The following variables will be abstracted from the medical chart (paper or electronic) or from 
the screening history and physical. 

Date of birth

Sociodemographics

Height

Weight

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
Current or previous medication use
7.2
History and Physical Examination and ECG
Age, gender and race will be recorded. Participants will be screened for any signs of active 
infections or disease. A brief physical exam and a 12 lead ECG will be performed. 
7.3
Vital Signs
Vital signs including BP, HR, RR, and temp will be determined in the sitting position using a 
Welch Allyn portable vital sign monitor (or equivalent device).  
7.4
Laboratory Evaluations
Clinical blood sampling will be performed for the following laboratory evaluations:

Hematology (hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, white blood cell count with manual 
differential)

Liver Function 

Creatinine and electrolytes
7.5
Pregnancy Testing
A urine pregnancy test will be performed at the specified time points for all female participants of 
reproductive potential. 
7.6
Efficacy Evaluations
7.6.1 Change from baseline in the absolute numbers of circulating myeloid blood cells 
and other immune parameters
Previous pre-clinical studies have shown that imatinib maximally reduces mycobacterial load in 
mice when administered at 66mg/kg/d, whereas both higher and lower doses proved much less 
effective (10). At this dose, imatinib causes sustained increases in the numbers of circulating 
PMNs and MNs (Figure 1) (2). Myelopoietic and antimycobacterial effects were directly 
correlated over a wide range of imatinib doses. Change from baseline in numbers of blood PMN 
and MN will serve as an efficacy endpoint to inform dose selection in a phase 2 trial. Additional 
immune parameters, such as cellular immune function, markers of immune activation, and 
function of circulating myeloid cells will be evaluated. 
The peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count and manual differential report on the number and 
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thinly spread over a glass slide, air dried, and stained with a Romanofsky stain, most commonly 
using the May-Grunewald-Giemsa technique. Two hundred cells are then counted and 
classified. Machines have been developed to perform automated differential counts, but they 
are still inferior to manual techniques as far as reliability. The following subsets of leukocytes, 
as reported in the manual differential, would constitute the myeloid cells in blood; the absolute 
number of each subset can be determined by multiplying the percentage by the total leukocyte 
count (in the WBC count):

SEGS (POLY) %

BANDS %

METAS %

MYELOS %

PROMYELOS %
The percentage and absolute numbers of Monocytes, Eosinsophils, Basophils, and Lymphcytes 
will be separately enumerated and recorded.
7.6.2 RNA sequencing
RNA sequencing will be performed using protocols described in our prior publications (19, 20), 
which we have also used for RNA sequencing of human and macaque TB lungs, as well as 
blood, at Emory.  This test will be correlated with myelopoiesis, autophagy, adverse events, and 
drug concentrations, using such machine learning methods such as Random Forests, LASSO 
and MARS, described in our prior work (21, 22). This will be used to identify biomarkers and 
RNA signatures that can predict (i) response, (ii) adverse events, and (iii) drug-drug interactions 
in later clinical trials. 
7.7
Safety Evaluations
CBCs, serum chemistries, symptoms, signs, and ECGs will be monitored for all participants 
during the study as described in the schedule of events. 


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8
Sample Size Justification and Analysis Methods
8.1
Sample Size Justification and Statistical Analysis
The primary objectives are to determine the effect of imatinib on the numbers of 
myelomonocytic cells in the blood, assessed as the change between baseline and day 14 of 
imatinib only administration in Cohort 1 and between day 14 and day 28 in Cohort 2, and the 
safety of imatinib. Secondary objectives include analysis of DDIs of imatinib with rifabutin and 
isoniazid with repeated PK measurements, bacterial killing, proteomic evaluations, and immune 
function evaluations. We will enroll 72 evaluable participants total, 12 across 4 study arms in 
Cohort 1 and 12 across 2 study arms in Cohort 2. 
With 12 participants per dosage arm in the first cohort (N=48), we will have 80% power to reject 
the null hypothesis of no change versus the alternative hypothesis that imatinib induces an 
increase in the absolute numbers of myelomonocytic cells per uL of blood that is at least 0.41 of 
the standard deviation (SD) of the change for the cohort overall and 90% power to detect a 0.48 
SD. The 24 participants with evaluable data in the 14 - 28 days (imatinib+TB drugs) in the 
second cohort will provide 80% power to detect a 0.60 SD in the change in the number of 
myelomonocytic cells on imatinib pooling the arms, and 90% power to detect a 0.69 SD. Our 
primary analysis of each Cohort will use a (separate) linear mixed model that pools data from all 
time points, thus we anticipate having more power by leveraging the within-person correlation 
between indivduals.
There is a chance that participants will not be enrolled on all doses. Given what is known about 
the safety profile of imatinib, we anticipate that at least one dose will be fully enrolled. By the 
same rationale above, we will have 80% (90%) power to detect an increase of at least 0.89 
(1.03) of a SD of the mean number of myelomonocytic cells in a specific dosage strata (using 12 
per stratum). We will also have sufficient power to detect differences in effects induced by 
different doses. For example, comparing dose groups with a two-sample t-test, with 12 
participants per dosage stratum, we would have 80% power to detect a 2.3 x10^3 cells/uL 
difference between two arms in the change from baseline in the myelomoncytic cell count 
assuming a SD similar to that seen in a recent macaque study. In a preclinical study of imatinib 
in Mtb-infected antibiotic-treated treated macaques, the mean number of myelomonocytic cells 
increased from 1.47±0.96 in controls to 3.78±1.89 in imatinib treated animals, with a mean 
difference of 2.31 (all values indicate thousands of cells/uL). Thus we are adequately powered 


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to detect dose-specific differences on the order of what was seen in the macaques. Further, in a 
supportive analysis, we will also pool the arms in order to borrow strength across the doses to fit 
a dose-response curve. 
Myelopoiesis will be determined by estimating the absolute number of myelomonocytic cells per 
uL of blood using the WBC and a manual differential, as noted above. We hypothesize that, on 
average, increases in myelopoiesis will occur (and the 95% CI for the change in myelopoiesis 
over time will exclude 0), with the maximum change being observed at day 14 of imatinib 
administration.
Cohort 1 Analysis
The same mixed model can be used for the analyses of all primary and secondary endpoints 
involving Cohort 1 comparisons, where data from all arms and time points are put into one 
model for the myelopoiesis count outcome. This approach should generally be a more powerful 
approach than the paired t-test for the change from baseline, as it is leveraging the within 
person correlation at all time points. Note that the screening value which occurred prior to Day 0 
can be considered a duplicate observation for the baseline (Day 0) when fitting the model 
below. 
Notation:
Let Yij represent the cell count for individual I at time j, where j=day 0,14,28.
Thus, Yi0= count at baseline, Yi14 = count at day 14, Yi28= count at day 28 for individual i. 
Similarly, let t14ij = day14 indicator and t28ij=day28 indicator, and dosekij  = dose  k indicator for 
individual i, time j, where k=2,3,4. Let ri be the random intercept term for person i and let errorij 
be the mean 0 independent error term for person i at time j.
Cohort 1 model:  
Yij = b0 + b1 t14ij+ b2 t14ij*dose2ij + b3 t14ij*dose3ij + b4 t14ij*dose4ij + b5 t28ij + b6 t28ij*dose2ij 
+ b7 t28ij*dose3ij + b8 t28ij*dose4ij +ri + errorij


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b0 = baseline myeolopoeis
b1 = day14 change from baseline for dose 1
b2 = difference between dose 2 and dose1 day14 change from baseline 
b3 = difference between dose 3 and dose1 day14 change from baseline 
b4 = difference between dose 4 and dose1 day14 change from baseline
(4 b1+b2+b3+b4)/4 is the average Day 14 change from baseline pooled across the 4 doses in, 
i.e. the primary endpoint for Cohort 1
b5 = day28 change from baseline for dose 1
b6 = difference between dose 2 and dose1 day28 change from baseline 
b7 = difference between dose 3 and dose1 day28 change from baseline 
b8 = difference between dose 4 and dose1 day28 change from baseline 
b2 – b3 is the between dose difference in the day14 change from baseline for dose 2 and 3; 
similar comparisons can be for each distinct pair of doses for day14 change from baseline.  
b8 – b7 is the between dose difference in the day28 change from baseline for dose 3 and 4.
b5 – b1 is the difference between day 28 and day 14 for dose 1. 
b6 – b2 is the between dose difference for change between days 28 and 14 for doses 1 and 2.
Other comparisons of interest for Cohort 1 follow similarly.
Cohort 2 Analysis
Similar mixed model analyses can be done for Cohort 2; however, now only two doses are 
compared and the interpretation of the coefficients will change, as only TB drugs are given 
between Days 0-14, and imatinib is added starting on Day 15. The change from baseline at Day 
14 can be interpreted as the effect of TB drugs on myelopoiesis. The difference between Day 28 
and Day 14 can be interpreted as the effect of 14 days of imatinib on myelopoiesis in the 
presence of TB drugs. Dose 1 and Dose 2 denote the two selected doses from Cohort 1. Note 
that the screening value that occurred prior to Day 0 can again be a considered duplicate 


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observation for the baseline (Day 0) when fitting the model below. Assuming a similar notation  
as for the Cohort 1 model one has the
Cohort 2 model:  
Yij = a0 + a1 t14ij+ a2 t14ij*Dose2ij + a3 t28ij + a4 t28ij*Dose2ij + ri + errorij
a0 = average Day0 myeolopoeis
a1 = Day14 change from baseline for Dose 1 
a2 = difference between Dose 2 and Dose1 Day14 change from baseline 
a3 = day 28 change from baseline for Dose 1
a4 = difference between Dose 2 and Dose1 Day28 change from baseline 
Some comparisons of interest
(a3-a1 +a4 +a3 –(a2+a1))/2  is the average change between Day 28 and Day 14 (imatinib 
baseline) pooled across the 2 doses, i.e. the primary endpoint for Cohort 2
a3 – a1 = change in myelopoiesis between Day 28 and Day 14 on Dose 1
a4 + a3 – (a2+a1)  = change in myelopoiesis between Day 28 and Day 14 on Dose 2
a4 – a2 between dose difference in the change between Day 28 and Day 14
Pooled Cohort Analysis 
We can use the estimates from the separately fitted Cohort 1 and Cohort 2 models provided 
above to compare the effect of 14 days of imatinib in the presence versus absence of TB drugs. 
This would be comparing the change from Day 0 to Day 14 for Cohort 1 to the change from Day 
14 to Day 28 in Cohort 2. We consider this comparison for the selected doses, Dose 1 and 
Dose 2.  Suppose Dose1=dose 3 and Dose 2= dose 4 then:
D1=(2b1+b2)/2 = the change from baseline to Day 14 averaged over Dose 1 and Dose 2 in 
Cohort 1.
D2=(a3-a1 +a4 +a3 –(a2+a1))/2 = the change from Day 28 to Day 14 averaged over Dose 1 
and Dose 2 in Cohort 2.


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D1-D2 = the between-Cohort difference in the change in myelopoiesis induced by 14 days of 
imatinib, i.e. the effect of TB drugs on the effect of 14 days of imatinib.
AE analysis
We will estimate proportion of clinical and laboratory adverse events, along with 95% exact 
Clopper-Pearson CI. AE rates will be summarized separately by dose and cohort, as well as 
combined across the cohorts for each dose, and then overall. All participants who take at least 1 
dose will be included in assessments of safety. 
8.1.1
Pharmacokinetic Analysis
Frozen plasma samples will be shipped on dry ice in batches to the laboratory of Dr. Charles 
Peloquin at the University of Florida in Gainesville for PK analyses 
The main PK objective is:
To assess the impact of imatinib on isoniazid and rifabutin PK and the impact of 
isoniazid and rifabutin on the PK and PD of imatinib. 
Within this main PK objective, specific PK analyses will aim to:
1.
Identify pharmacokinetic parameter estimates, and concentration-time profiles of imatinib 
doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg in healthy volunteers.
2.
Identify if rifabutin and isoniazid standard doses are covariates of imatinib clearance, 
and if imatinib concentrations are covariates of rifabutin and isoniazid clearance and 
volume, using compartmental pharmacokinetic modeling.
3.
Identify the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic exposure-effect relationship between 
imatinib AUC or peak or trough and the change in the numbers of myelomonocytic cells 
in the blood between baseline and days 14 and 28 of therapy.  
We will first evaluate the robustness of our sampling strategy. The percentage of imatinib 
concentrations measured that are below the limits of quantification in any of the participants at 
any of the time points identified by D-optimality will be calculated. A result of 0% indicates that 


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the optimal sampling strategy derived from sampling theory was likely to be optimal. Next, we 
will analyze all imatinib concentrations using ADAPT software of D’Argenio et al utilizing a 
compartmental PK analysis approach (23, 24). ADAPT software was developed using NIH 
funding, is open source, and has validated performance metrics, ensuring accuracy and 
robustness of findings from this software. We do not assume a priori how many compartments 
the imatinib PK model has; indeed some studies have described it as a one compartment model 
drug while others have found it is a two compartment model drug (8, 13, 25). We will examine 
one-, two-, and three-compartment models with first-order input and elimination. Estimation of 
PK parameters will be based on the MLEM algorithm in ADAPT, as described above. The best 
number of compartments will then be chosen by comparing Akaike's information criteria, 
Bayesian information criteria, and −2 negative log likelihood scores for each model; we also 
apply the rules of parsimony. Goodness of fit is evaluated by examining the predicted/observed 
plots prior to- and after- the Bayesian step. Potential problems by concentration are sought by 
examining run-of-sine plots. Measures of Bias (mean error and weighted mean error) will be 
examined, as well as measures of Precision (mean squared error, weighted mean squared 
error, Bias-adjusted mean squared error and Bias-adjusted mean weighted squared error). The 
mean pharmacokinetic parameters, mainly volume of central compartment and clearance will be 
calculated for each participant, and utilized to calculate the half-life, peak concentration, the 0-
24h area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-24/MIC) and the percentage of time that 
concentration persists in either the concentration zone associated with autophagy or 
myelopoiesis for each participant. Urine will be collected, frozen and stored for possible 
assessment of drug metabolites at the time of the PK studies. 
The precision in identifying both clearance and volume with PK sampling times we have chosen 
will be >95%, which means very little bias and error. The differences in clearance and volume 
(hence AUC and peak concentration) will therefore be driven by the interindividual variability 
(IIV) and doses given. There will be 12 participants for each imatinib dose group in Cohort 1 
who complete the PK studies (evaluable for PK data). With a population of 12 per group, for 4 
dose groups, the power in detecting a 25% difference in clearance (which drives the AUC), 
given the IIV, is 90% for the first cohort study. In Cohort 2, which has 2 dose groups of 12 
participants each (total=24), given the IIV% of clearances (rifabutin, isoniazid and imatinib), the 
power would be greater than 90% to detect a 25% change in TB drug clearance (hence AUC) 
for the 24 patients comparing results before and after addition of imatinib. 


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8.1.1.2. Drug-drug pharmacokinetic interactions
We have recently introduced machine learning or artificial intelligence (AI) based algorithms to 
pharmacometrics to identify PK covariates, including genotypic, demographic, clinical, 
laboratory features, and concomitant medications chosen model was designated the base 
model (26, 27). We will examine the effect of rifabutin and isoniazid PK parameters, 
demographic features, laboratory values, and RNA-seq signatures, in each participant, on 
imatinib PK parameters and variability, and hence identify the DDIs if present. We will compare 
baseline pre-treatment blood samples with those taken after imatinib alone or after imatinib plus 
isoniazid and rifabutin. This will be performed using Salford Miner software. Moreover, 
algorithms such as MARS give a final output equation of the covariates which can be directly 
used to identify the optimal dose for use in the case that DDI are identified.   
8.1.1.3. PK-PD interactions: myelopoiesis and immunologic response
We have also extensively used AI methods these methods to identify drug threshold 
concentrations associated with adverse events, and drug concentration thresholds associated 
with good microbial and clinical outcomes (28), (20, 21, 29), (30, 31), (32), (22). These methods 
are more accurate than mixed effects modeling, require smaller sample sizes, and are designed 
to handle both deep and wide data. We will examine the effect imatinib, and the effect of 
rifabutin and isoniazid PK parameters on imatinib immunological response. We will identify the 
imatinib concentration threshold associated with optimal hematopoiesis alone and in the 
presence of the anti-TB drugs rifabutin and isoniazid, using the MARS algorithm in Salford 
Miner software. Similarly, we will use the same approach to identifier predictors and imatinib 
concentrations associated with any adverse events. 
8.1.1.4.  PK-PD interactions: adverse events
The AI algorithm MARS will be used to identify predictors of imatinib, rifabutin, and isoniazid 
concentrations associated with any of these adverse events, following our methods in Modongo 
et al (32). Outcomes examined in relation to imatinib, isoniazid, or rifabutin concentrations will 
be any participant-reported adverse events, including diarrhea, ECG changes, changes in liver 
function tests, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, changes in other serum chemistries, as 
well as other symptoms and signs. 


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8.1.2
Interim Analysis 
Given imatinib is an FDA-approved drug with a known safety profile, we expect the doses used 
in this study to be well tolerated. After the first 6 participants in a dose group have completed 
the day 42 follow-up visit, the study team, the Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB), the 
Independent Safety Monitor, and the Sponsor will evaluate the safety data and determine 
whether it is safe to proceed to enrolling in the next dose group after the previous group is fully 
enrolled. Note that since 42-day follow-up is required for a participant that “counts” toward the 6 
needed for formal safety analysis, if any of the first 6 participants in a dose group do not 
complete the study to day 42, we will need to include other participants who complete the day 
42 visit in order to fulfill the requirement.
After Cohort 1 enrollment and data collection and analysis are complete, we will chose the 
doses with the most acceptable safety and efficacy profiles for study in Cohort 2. DSMB open 
meeting minutes and recommendations will be shared with the FDA.
8.1.3
Safety Analysis 
All participants entered into the study who take at least one dose of imatinib and/or rifabutin + 
isoniazid will have detailed information collected on AEs for the overall study safety analysis. An 
Independent Safety Monitor (ISM) will review individual and summary reports of AEs in real time 
as they occur, as well as scheduled formal review of AEs and clinical laboratory results on a 
weekly basis during the study. SAEs will be reported to the Investigator within 24 hours of 
awareness of occurrence and the Investigator will then assess the events and report them to the 
Sponsor (DAIDS), the FDA and to the Emory IRB as described in Section 9.4. All SAEs will be 
reported to DAIDS in an expedited fashion, within 3 days of occurrence, in accordance with 
DAIDS requirements.
8.2
Participant Population(s) for Analysis
All-treated population:  Any participants enrolled into the study who receive at least one dose of 
investigational product will be analyzed for myelopoiesis, safety, and other immune parameters. 
Protocol-compliant population: Effects of imatinib on myelopoiesis and other immunologic 
parameters will also be assessed specifically in those with acceptable protocol-compliance for 
evaluable data – participants who have taken >85% of all doses of study drugs and completed 
visits to day 28. 


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9
Safety and Adverse Events
9.1
Definitions
9.1.1
Adverse Event
An adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence associated with the use of a drug in 
humans whether or not considered drug related.
9.1.2
Serious Adverse Event
Serious Adverse Event
Adverse events are classified as serious or non-serious.  A serious adverse event is any AE 
that: 

Is fatal

Is life-threatening

Requires or prolongs an inpatient hospital stay

Results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity

Is a congenital anomaly or birth defect

Is an important medical event
Important medical events are those that may not be immediately life threatening, but are clearly 
of major clinical significance. They may jeopardize the participant, and may require intervention 
to prevent one of the other serious outcomes noted above.  For example, drug overdose or 
abuse, a seizure that did not result in in-patient hospitalization, or intensive treatment of 
bronchospasm in an emergency department would typically be considered serious. 
All adverse events that do not meet any of the criteria for serious should be regarded as non-
serious adverse events. 
9.2
Recording and Grading of Adverse Events
At each contact with the participant during the study period, which includes every visit up to day 
42, the investigator will seek information on adverse events by specific questioning and, as 
appropriate, by examination.  Information on all adverse events will be recorded immediately in 
the source document, and also in the appropriate adverse event module of the case report form 
(CRF).  All clearly related signs, symptoms, and abnormal diagnostic procedures results will be 
recorded in the source document, and grouped under one diagnosis.


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AEs will be graded using the FDA Guidance Document, “Toxicity Grading Scale for Healthy 
Adult and Adolescent Volunteers Enrolled in Preventive Vaccine Clinical Trials Guidance for 
Industry,” September 2007, except when the specific AEs are not represented in this document. 
In these cases, we will also use the DAIDS table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric 
Adverse Events, Corrected Version 2.1, July 2017, or the Common Terminology Criteria for 
Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 5.0, November 2017, as applicable. The clinical course of 
each event will be followed until resolution, stabilization, or until it has been determined that the 
study intervention or participation is not the cause.  Serious adverse events that are still ongoing 
at the end of the study period will be followed up to determine the final outcome.  Any serious 
adverse event which we become aware of through a passive basis (participant reporting back to 
the study team, or through publicly available information), which occurs after the study period 
(after day 42) and is considered to be possibly related to the study intervention (suspected, 
unexpected serious adverse reactions, or SUSARs) or study participation will be recorded and 
reported immediately.
9.3
Relationship of AE to Study 
The relationship of each adverse event to the study procedures will be characterized. The PI will 
make this determination and will classify adverse events as related or unrelated. “Related” will 
mean that there is a reasonable possibility that the AE may be related to the study agent(s). 
“Not Related” will mean that there is not a reasonable possibility that the AE is related to the 
study agent(s). When a SAE is assessed as “not related” to study agent(s), an alternative 
etiology, diagnosis, or explanation for the SAE should be provided. If new information becomes 
available, the relationship assessment of any AE should be reviewed again and updated, as 
required. Any of the study drugs which a participant has taken (imatinib, rifabutin, isoniazid) will 
be assessed for relationship with the AE. 
9.4
Reporting of Serious Adverse Events, and Unanticipated Problems
Requirements, definitions and methods for expedited reporting of adverse events are outlined in 
Version 2.0 of the DAIDS EAE Manual, which is available on the DAIDS RSC website at 
https://rsc.niaid.nih.gov/clinical-research-sites/manual-expedited-reporting-adverse-events-
daids. This study will use the SAE form of expedited adverse event reporting, as defined in 
Version 2.0 of the DAIDS EAE Manual. The study products for which expedited reporting are 
required are imatinib, rifabutin, and isoniazid. The EAE reporting period for this study will be 42 


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days, which is the day of the final study visit. During these 42 days, all SAEs will be reported to 
DAIDS in an expedited fashion, within 3 days of occurrence, in accordance with DAIDS EAE 
Manual. Any of the study drugs which a participant has taken (imatinib, rifabutin, isoniazid) will 
be assessed for relationship with the SAE. In addition to the SAE Reporting Category identified 
above, other AEs that must be reported to DAIDS in an expedited manner are: 

Any gastrointestinal or liver toxicity of grade 3 or higher 

Any uveitis of grade 2 or higher 

Episodes of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, syncope, and seizure

Grade 3 or higher QTcF prolongation

Any Grade 4 event, including laboratory values

Heart failure of grade 3 or higher
After the protocol-defined EAE reporting period, unless otherwise noted, only SUSARs as 
defined in Version 2.0 of the DAIDS EAE Manual will be reported to DAIDS if the study staff 
become aware of the events on a passive basis (from publicly available information). Of note, 
although pregnancy is not an AE, all pregnancies that occur during the study will be reported to 
DAIDS given the teratogenic potential of imatinib. Any pregnancy occurring during the study will 
be followed to assess any negative outcomes resulting from exposure to the study drugs. 
Reporting of pregnancies will not use the EAE system, but will be include a written clinical 
summary of the pregnancy including but not limited to the date discovered, any study or other 
medications taken during the pregnancy period, the expected due date, and eventual outcome. 
Pregnancies will be reported to DAIDS first within 7 business days after discovery, and monthly 
reports will follow until the end of the pregnancy period. 
The DAIDS Adverse Experience Reporting System (DAERS), an internet-based reporting 
system, must be used for EAE reporting to DAIDS. At least two staff members at the Emory site 
will have a combination of Reporter and Submitter rights to DAERS.  In the event of system 
outages or technical difficulties, EAEs may be submitted using the DAIDS EAE Form. This form 
is available on the DAIDS RSC website at 
https://rsc.niaid.nih.gov/clinical-research-sites/paper-eae-reporting.
For questions about DAERS, please contact NIAID CRMS Support at 
CRMSSupport@niaid.nih.gov. Please note that site queries may also be sent from within the 


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DAERS application itself. For questions about expedited reporting, please contact the DAIDS 
RSC Safety Office at (DAIDSRSCSafetyOffice@tech-res.com).
Written Investigational New Drug (IND) safety reports will be submitted to the FDA using FDA 
Form 3500A by DAIDS, for SUSARs within 15 calendar days of DAIDS determining that the 
information requires reporting. If the event is fatal or is deemed to be life threatening, the report 
will be made within 7 calendar days.  The Investigator will also make an assessment of whether 
the event constitutes an unanticipated problem posing risks to participants or others (UP). This 
assessment will be provided to the Emory University IRB and DAIDS, which, in turn, will make a 
final determination.  If the Emory IRB determines an event is a UP it will notify the appropriate 
regulatory agencies and institutional officials. 
The Investigator is responsible for reviewing all IND Action Letters, Safety Reports and any 
other safety related Investigator Notifications and determining the action to be taken (i.e. prompt 
reporting to the IRB, consent change/modification, routine reporting, etc).
Co-investigators and the Investigator must conform to the adverse event reporting timelines, 
formats and requirements of the various entities to which they are responsible. In narrative 
reports, the minimum necessary information to be provided at the time of the initial report 
includes:

Study identifier

Participant number

A description of the event

Date of onset

Current status

Whether study intervention was 
discontinued

The reason why the event is classified as 
serious

Investigator assessment of the association 
between the event and study intervention
9.4.1
Follow-up report
If an AE has not resolved at the time of the initial report and new information arises that 
changes the Investigator’s assessment of the event, a follow-up report including all relevant new 
or reassessed information (e.g., concomitant medication, medical history) will be submitted to 
the IRB. The Investigator is responsible for ensuring that all AE are followed until either resolved 
or stable.   


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9.5
Medical Monitoring and Toxicity Management
Martha Arellano, MD is a Professor of Hematology and Oncology with extensive experience 
administering imatinib to CML patients at Emory University Hospital.  She is certified by the 
American Board of Internal Medicine in Hematology. She will serve as the Independent Safety 
Monitor (ISM) for this study. Dr. Arellano’s role will be to help monitor the safety of participants 
and adjudicate adverse events that may be related to imatinib, rifabutin or INH. She has 9 years 
of experience as principal and co-investigator on multi-institutional clinical trials including trials 
evaluating transplantation for adults with acute leukemia. These collaborations have led to peer 
reviewed publications in high impact journals, such as The Journal of Clinical Oncology, Cancer, 
and Lancet Oncology. Her strong background in clinical investigation and experience as 
member, and now as vice chair of the Winship Data and Safety Monitoring Committee, make 
her exceptionally qualified to serve as the Independent Safety Monitor for the trial. The monitor 
will attest to the absence of relevant conflicts of interest as defined by NIAID and will be 
approved by all relevant regulatory bodies prior to beginning the study. 
The ISM and the PI/co-PI will review safety data as enrollment progresses, assessing AE 
summaries in real-time and formally on a weekly basis for clinical significance and facilitating 
attribution to study medications (protocol Section 9.2 and Section 9.3). The ISM will provide 
information to the DSMB on frequency and severity of AEs.
For individual toxicity management, the PI will review all toxicity reports of grade 2 or higher in 
real time in order to decide on possible need for intervention or drug discontinuation. In general, 
a grade 2 AE thought to be related to a study drug that does not respond to non-pharmacologic 
intervention (e.g., salt restriction and elevation of legs for pedal edema) will lead to 
consideration for drug discontinuation, and any grade 3 or higher AE will cause discontinuation 
of study drugs. Participants taken off study drugs will be followed for safety if willing but will not 
participate in PK studies. 
Plans for treatment of common side effects of imatinib are listed below, including symptom 
grading that warrants drug discontinuation. 
The following 4 side effects / AEs will be graded using the FDA Guidance Document, “Toxicity 
Grading Scale for Healthy Adult and Adolescent Volunteers Enrolled in Preventive Vaccine 
Clinical Trials Guidance for Industry,” September 2007.


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Low blood counts: Monitor blood counts more frequently for grade 1-2 leukopenia, 
anemia or thrombocytopenia. Discontinue study drugs if grade 3 or higher.
Nausea and vomiting: Treat symptomatically with OTC medications for grade 1-2. 
Discontinue study drugs if grade 3 or higher.
Diarrhea. Treat symptomatically with OTC medications for grade 1-2. Discontinue study 
drugs if grade 3 or higher.
Fever: Treat symptomatically with OTC medications for grade 1-2. Discontinue study 
drugs if grade 3 or higher.
The following 3 side effects will be graded using the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Table for Grading 
the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events - Corrected Version 2.1, July 2017
Skin rash (skin reactions): Treat symptomatically with OTC medications for grade 1. 
Discontinue study drugs if grade 2 or higher. 
Muscle cramps and bone pain. Treat symptomatically with OTC medications for grade 1. 
Discontinue study drugs if grade 2 or higher. See “Pain (not associated with study agent 
injections and not specified elsewhere),” Page 21 of the DAIDS AE Grading Table.
Hemorrhage (bleeding problems): Grade 1, N/A. Discontinue study drugs if grade 2 
symptoms or higher, or decrease in Hgb > 1.5 g. 
Edema is not listed in the FDA Guidance document or the DAIDS table, and will be graded 
using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 5.0, Nov 2017.
Edema (swelling of the face, feet, hands): Treat symptomatically with salt restriction and 
limb elevation if possible for grade 1-2. Discontinue study drugs if grade 2 edema does 
not respond to non-pharmacologic treatment, or for higher grade edema. 
9.5.1
Study Progress and Safety Monitoring Plan 
The Division of AIDS guidance on study monitoring have been implemented to develop a 
protocol-specific Study Progress and Safety Monitoring Plan (SPSMP), which will be approved 
in writing by the assigned DAIDS Medical Monitor/Medical Officer before trial initiation. Briefly, 
the ISM, DAIDS representative, the DSMB, and the PI/study team will review all reports at 
least monthly, with AE reports generated every 2 weeks. The following reports will be 
generated: 1) Accrual update, 2) Progress report, 3) Delinquency report, 4) Periodic summary 
adverse event report, 5) Baseline characteristics report, 6) Data completeness report, 
7)  Outcomes summary report (completed, withdrew, etc), 8) Efficacy report (myelopoesis). The 
contents of the report will be as outlined in the DAIDS SPSMP protocol template, which can be 


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found at: (https://www.niaid.nih.gov/sites/default/files/studydatamonitor_plan.pdf) and 
which has been used to create a study-specific SPSMP. The reports created for this process will 
be provided to DAIDS at the frequency of each review as specified in the SPSMP. 
A DAIDS-appointed DSMB will provide oversight and monitoring for the conduct of this study.  
The DSMB will conduct study-monitoring functions to ensure that the research produces high-
quality scientific data in a manner consistent with good clinical practice (GCP) and appropriate 
regulations that govern clinical research. We expect that this trial will be risk classified by the 
scientific review committees as Moderate Risk, based on the history of use in healthy volunteers 
and the known adverse event profile and doses of the agents used. For studies deemed 
Moderate Risk, initial monitoring occurs within 1 year from the date of the first participant 
accrued, with 2 of the first 5 participants being reviewed. For this trial, this approach will apply to 
each imatinib dose cohort. The DSMB will review all aspects of the study, with a primary goal of 
assessment of participant safety, as well as compliance with the protocol, data collection, and 
risk-benefit ratio. Specifically, the monitor(s) assigned to the DSMB may verify informed 
consent, eligibility, data entry, accuracy and availability of source documents, AEs/SAEs, and 
essential regulatory documents. The monitor(s) will then prepare a final monitoring summary 
report. 
Dr. Waller and the investigators, the ISM, the clinical research coordinator and the regulatory 
affairs coordinator will meet at least monthly to review and discuss study data to ensure 
participant safety. During the meetings the PI or co-I will review the eligibility criteria for each 
new participant. In addition, during these meetings the group will review all adverse events, 
random checks of case report form completion and a roadmap for each participant on the trial. 
All study personnel will be trained on the protocol by the PI or co-I. Study personnel will sign the 
training log prior to being included on delegation of authority log. All adverse events will be 
handled according to Section 9.4, which provides detailed instructions on reporting 
requirements.
The PI and the ISM will formally review clinical toxicity assessments with the DAIDS medical 
monitor every two weeks and after 6 participants have completed follow-up in a dose stratum. 
The PI and/or medical monitor will halt further enrollment at that dose level for formal review by 
the DSMB if any participant develops any emergent grade 3 or higher dose-limiting toxicity that 


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is definite, possible or probable in causal relationship to the study drug, in the opinion of the PI. 
If no such toxicity is observed after the first 6 participants in a dose stratum have completed 
follow-up, and a total of 12 participants are enrolled in the first stratum, then the next dose 
stratum will be opened for enrollment. 
The safety rationale for opening accrual to a higher dose level, based upon findings from the 
first 6 participants at the previous lower dose level, is as follows: Rather than use a standard 3 + 
3 dose escalation design, we will utilize a more conservative threshold for halting accrual. In this 
study, enrolling healthy volunteers, a frequency of >33% grade 3 or higher dose-limiting toxicity 
attributed to a study drug would warrant formal review by the DSMB. We propose to protect 
participant safety by performing a safety analysis after 6 participants have completed the day 42 
follow-up visit, a sample size that gives us greater than 90% power to identify a safety signal 
and halt accrual at that dose level, based upon a true rate of grade 3 or higher toxicity of 33% 
(or greater).
 
9.6
Critical Event Identification and Reporting
In addition, we will report critical events (CEs) to DAIDS and other entities to which we are 
responsible, including IRBs. Critical events include the following classes of events: 
unanticipated problems involving risks to participants or others, serious noncompliance, 
continuing noncompliance, suspension or termination of EC/IRB approval, and suspected 
research misconduct. The time period for reporting CEs to DAIDS is from the date of study start 
up to the publication of all related manuscripts resulting from the study. 
10
Study Administration, Data Handling and Record Keeping
10.1 Confidentiality
Information about study participants will be kept confidential and managed according to the 
principles of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). 
10.2 Data Collection and Management 
All clinical and laboratory information required by this protocol is to be present in the source 
documents. All protocol-required visits are to be recorded on the CRFs and keyed into the 
database unless otherwise specified.


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We will use Clinical Research IO, CRIO, as the study clinical data management system. The 
site data managers and clerks will be responsible for manually entering quantitative data, not 
already being collected routinely and required for the evaluation, into a study database. Site 
databases and the merged analytical datasets will be stored on password-protected, encrypted 
servers. Scheduled backups will be performed on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis. Personal 
identifiers will be suppressed from the analytic dataset prior to the data analysis phase of the 
study. Any paper registers, forms, or records that are reviewed in order to abstract data or 
cross-check missing data will not be removed from the secure, programmatic area where they 
are stored.
Data will be validated on entry, using range and consistency checks. Quality control procedures 
will include review of CRFs for completion and correctness. Logical data checks will also be 
performed on the data. Incomplete and incorrect data queries will be sent back to sites 
electronically for error resolution. Errors will be reviewed and corrected on a weekly basis. The 
study will be monitored by internal data monitors.
10.3 Records Retention 
Study records (source documents, signed informed consent forms, IRB correspondence and 
approval letters, and screening logs) will be kept in a secure location accessible only to 
authorized study staff, investigators, and monitors. All records will be archived in a secure 
storage facility for at least ten years after the completion of the study. 
11
Study Monitoring, Auditing, and Inspecting
11.1 Study Monitoring Plan
This study will be conducted under ICH E6 with good clinical practice compliance. Audits of the 
Emory site and study will be performed by the DAIDS-appointed Data and Safety Monitoring 
Board as described in Section 9.5.1. The Investigator will permit study-related monitoring, 
audits, and inspections by the EC/IRB, the sponsor, site monitors, Office of Human Research 
Protections (OHRP), and other local, US, or international regulatory entities (e.g, FDA, EMA, 
and other regulatory agencies), and University compliance and quality assurance groups of all 
study related documents (e.g. source documents, regulatory documents, data collection 
instruments, study data etc.).  The Investigator will ensure the capability for inspections of 
applicable study-related facilities (e.g. pharmacy, diagnostic laboratory, etc.).


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Participation as an investigator in this study implies acceptance of potential inspection by local, 
US, or international regulatory entities (e.g, EMA) and applicable University compliance and 
quality assurance offices.
12
Ethical Considerations
This study is to be conducted in accordance with applicable US government regulations and 
international standards of Good Clinical Practice, and applicable institutional research policies 
and procedures.
This protocol and any amendments will be submitted to a properly constituted independent 
Ethics Committee (EC) or Institutional Review Board (IRB), in agreement with local legal 
prescriptions, for formal approval of the study conduct.  The decision of the EC/IRB concerning 
the conduct of the study will be made in writing to the Investigator before commencement of this 
study. 
12.1 Risks
The rationale for the dosing schedule is as follows: In Cohort 1, 14 days of imatinib exposure 
without TB drugs is required to observe an effect on myelopoiesis (the primary end-point). An 
additional 14 days of imatinib plus anti-TB drugs is proposed to allow imatinib levels to reach 
steady state after modulation of liver microsomal enzymes by rifabutin and isoniazid. In Cohort 
2, 14 days of anti-TB drugs is sufficient to reach steady state, and an additional 14 days of anti-
TB drugs with imatinib will allow us to observe imatinib effects on myelopoiesis with prior 
exposure to the anti-TB drugs.
The safety rationale for administration of imatinib for 28 days at the proposed doses in healthy 
volunteers is as follows: We do not expect that imatinib will cause significant AEs in healthy 
normal volunteers when given for this duration. While asymptomatic elevations in 
aminotransferase levels are often seen in patients within 2-8 weeks after starting imatinib, 
marked increases in ALT are usually only observed after 6 months of imatinib therapy. 
Importantly, the toxicity of imatinib is dose-related. We will minimize risk by starting with a very 
low dose (50 mg/day) and escalate carefully only after safety data on the lower dose has been 
reviewed for acceptability. The DSMB must recommend proceeding to the next dose level 
before it will be initiated. Volunteers will be very closely monitored for adverse events at a US 
cancer center setting highly experienced with imatinib therapy. Visits with a safety evaluation 
are at study days 1, 3, 7, 14, 15, 17, 21, 28, 29, and 42.


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Imatinib is well tolerated in CML patients, and a maximal tolerated dose has not been defined, 
but >800mg/day is rarely used. Most adverse effects, even at the highest doses, are grade 1 
(mild) or grade 2 (moderate). Most patients have a reduction in the Hgb level of 1 to 2 mg/dL; 
the hemoglobin level typically increased to base-line values or higher with continued therapy. 
Drug induced anemia during long-term administration has been rarely seen. Neutropenia occurs 
in chronic phase CML patients treated with imatinib at the onset of blast crisis, but is unlikely to 
occur in patients receiving low doses in the absence of hematological disease.  Inhibition of 
normal hematopoiesis does not occur in Philadelphia chromosome negative patients, although 
further clinical assessment will be required to ensure this. Imatinib is an inhibitor of CYP2C9, 
CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Thus, drugs metabolized through these enzymes, including rifabutin, in 
some patients could require alterations in dosing and/or dose interval.  In the PK studies 
proposed, being on these drugs with major CYP enzyme interactions will serve as exclusion 
criteria. We will also monitor QT intervals with ECGs for all study participants. In summary, we 
expect these doses of imatinib to be very safe. Isoniazid and rifabutin are also medications with 
a well-known safety profiles. Toxicity may be idiosyncratic or dose-dependent. Because we are 
administering these drugs over only 14 to 28 days in healthy participants, we expect tolerability 
to be high. 
12.2 Benefits
There are no direct benefits to the participants. Participants may however feel they experience 
the indirect benefit of participating in a research study aiming to identify a new treatment for TB.
12.3 Risk Benefit Assessment
Given the public health problem of TB, and the known safety profile of imatinib and the anti-TB 
drugs under study, we feel that the study has a favorable risk benefit ratio to society. 
12.4 Informed Consent Process / HIPAA Authorization 
Study nurses will obtain written informed consent in English from all potential participants. The 
consenting process will take place in a private space in the clinics where participants are 
recruited, to ensure confidentiality. Participants will be allowed to provide consent at the time of 
the consent discussion. Participants will be given time during the consent discussion to ask and 
have answered any questions. Informed consent will be documented in accordance with GCP 
standards.     


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13
Study Finances
13.1 Funding Source
This study is funded by a UH3 grant awarded to Dr. Daniel Kalman at Emory University, by the 
National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases / Division of AIDS. 
13.2 Conflict of Interest
Emory investigators will for the Emory University Policy on Conflicts of Interest Related to 
Research. All University of Pennsylvania Investigators will follow the University of Pennsylvania 
Policy on Conflicts of Interest Related to Research. 
13.3 Participant Stipends or Payments
Emory participants will be reimbursed at a rate of $175 for the Day 1 visit, $75 for each brief visit 
(7 visits), plus $300 for each PK study visit (2 visits) for a total of $1300 for the entire study. 
14
Publication Plan 
Dr. Shaw will perform the primary statistical data analyses. Drs. Bisson, Wallis, Waller, Kalman, 
Giver, Harvey, Gumbo and Shaw and other investigators who meet authorship requirements will 
all contribute to timely publication of the results. The primary draft manuscript will be done by 
Drs. Bisson and Waller and will be reviewed by all authors within 3 months after the analysis is 
completed.
15
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15.
Reinach B, de Sousa G, Dostert P, Ings R, Gugenheim J, Rahmani R. Comparative effects of 
rifabutin and rifampicin on cytochromes P450 and UDP-glucuronosyl-transferases expression in fresh and 
cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Chem Biol Interact. 1999;121(1):37-48. Epub 1999/07/27. PubMed 
PMID: 10418969.
16.
Barditch-Crovo P, Trapnell CB, Ette E, Zacur HA, Coresh J, Rocco LE, Hendrix CW, Flexner C. 
The effects of rifampin and rifabutin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a combination oral 
contraceptive. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999;65(4):428-38. Epub 1999/05/01. doi: 10.1016/S0009-
9236(99)70138-4. PubMed PMID: 10223781.
17.
LeBel M, Masson E, Guilbert E, Colborn D, Paquet F, Allard S, Vallee F, Narang PK. Effects of 
rifabutin and rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of ethinylestradiol and norethindrone. J Clin Pharmacol. 
1998;38(11):1042-50. Epub 1998/11/24. PubMed PMID: 9824786.
18.
Simmons KB, Haddad LB, Nanda K, Curtis KM. Drug interactions between rifamycin antibiotics and 
hormonal contraception: a systematic review. BJOG. 2018;125(7):804-11. Epub 2017/11/14. doi: 
10.1111/1471-0528.15027. PubMed PMID: 29130574.
19.
Deshpande D, Srivastava S, Pasipanodya JG, Bush SJ, Nuermberger E, Swaminathan S, Gumbo 
T. Linezolid for Infants and Toddlers With Disseminated Tuberculosis: First Steps. Clin Infect Dis. 
2016;63(suppl 3):S80-S7. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw482. PubMed PMID: 27742638; PMCID: PMC5064157.
20.
Srivastava S, Pasipanodya JG, Ramachandran G, Deshpande D, Shuford S, Crosswell HE, 
Cirrincione KN, Sherman CM, Swaminathan S, Gumbo T. A Long-term Co-perfused Disseminated 
Tuberculosis-3D Liver Hollow Fiber Model for Both Drug Efficacy and Hepatotoxicity in Babies. 
EBioMedicine. 2016;6:126-38. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.02.040. PubMed PMID: 27211555; PMCID: 
PMC4856747.
21.
Swaminathan S, Pasipanodya JG, Ramachandran G, Hemanth Kumar AK, Srivastava S, 
Deshpande D, Nuermberger E, Gumbo T. Drug Concentration Thresholds Predictive of Therapy Failure 
and Death in Children With Tuberculosis: Bread Crumb Trails in Random Forests. Clin Infect Dis. 
2016;63(suppl 3):S63-S74. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw471. PubMed PMID: 27742636; PMCID: PMC5064152.
22.
Chigutsa E, Pasipanodya JG, Visser ME, van Helden PD, Smith PJ, Sirgel FA, Gumbo T, McIlleron 
H. Impact of nonlinear interactions of pharmacokinetics and MICs on sputum bacillary kill rates as a marker 
of 
sterilizing 
effect 
in 
tuberculosis. 
Antimicrob 
Agents 
Chemother. 
2015;59(1):38-45. 
doi: 
10.1128/AAC.03931-14. PubMed PMID: 25313213; PMCID: PMC4291375.


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23.
D'Argenio DZ, Schumitzky A. ADAPT II. A program for simulation, identification, and optimal 
experimental design. User manual. Biomedical Simulations Resource. University of Southern California, 
Los Angeles, California, USA1997.
24.
D'Argenio DZ, Schumitzky A, Wang X. ADAPT 5 user's guide: Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic 
systems analysis software. Los Angeles: Biomedical Simulations Resource; 2009.
25.
Eechoute K, Fransson MN, Reyners AK, de Jong FA, Sparreboom A, van der Graaf WT, Friberg 
LE, Schiavon G, Wiemer EA, Verweij J, Loos WJ, Mathijssen RH, De Giorgi U. A long-term prospective 
population pharmacokinetic study on imatinib plasma concentrations in GIST patients. Clin Cancer Res. 
2012;18(20):5780-7. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-0490. PubMed PMID: 22850565.
26.
Hall RGN, Pasipanodya JG, Meek C, Leff RD, Swancutt M, Gumbo T. Fractal Geometry-Based 
Decrease in Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Concentrations in Overweight and Obese People. CPT 
Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2016;5(12):674-81. doi: 10.1002/psp4.12146. PubMed PMID: 
27869362; PMCID: PMC5193002.
27.
Gumbo T, Hiemenz J, Ma L, Keirns JJ, Buell DN, Drusano GL. Population pharmacokinetics of 
micafungin 
in 
adult 
patients. 
Diagn 
Microbiol 
Infect 
Dis. 
2008;60(3):329-31. 
doi: 
10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.09.018. PubMed PMID: 18024052.
28.
Modongo C, Pasipanodya JG, Magazi BT, Srivastava S, Zetola NM, Williams SM, Sirugo G, Gumbo 
T. Artificial Intelligence and Amikacin Exposures Predictive of Outcomes in Multidrug-Resistant 
Tuberculosis Patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60(10):5928-32. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00962-16. 
PubMed PMID: 27458224; PMCID: PMC5038293.
29.
Srivastava S, Modongo C, Siyambalapitiyage Dona CW, Pasipanodya JG, Deshpande D, Gumbo 
T. Amikacin Optimal Exposure Targets in the Hollow-Fiber System Model of Tuberculosis. Antimicrob 
Agents Chemother. 2016;60(10):5922-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00961-16. PubMed PMID: 27458215; PMCID: 
PMC5038304.
30.
Pasipanodya JG, McIlleron H, Burger A, Wash PA, Smith P, Gumbo T. Serum drug concentrations 
predictive 
of 
pulmonary 
tuberculosis 
outcomes. 
J 
Infect 
Dis. 
2013;208(9):1464-73. 
doi: 
10.1093/infdis/jit352. PubMed PMID: 23901086; PMCID: 3789573.
31.
Pasipanodya JG, Mubanga M, Ntsekhe M, Pandie S, Magazi BT, Gumedze F, Myer L, Gumbo T, 
Mayosi BM. Tuberculous Pericarditis is Multibacillary and Bacterial Burden Drives High Mortality. 
EBioMedicine. 2015;2(11):1634-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.09.034. PubMed PMID: 26870789; PMCID: 
PMC4740299.
32.
Modongo C, Pasipanodya JG, Zetola NM, Williams SM, Sirugo G, Gumbo T. Amikacin 
Concentrations Predictive of Ototoxicity in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients. Antimicrob Agents 
Chemother. 2015;59(10):6337-43. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01050-15. PubMed PMID: 26248372; PMCID: 
PMC4576092.
16
Attachment
Study Informed Consent Form
 
17
Appendix 
17.1 Source Documents
Source data is all information, original records of clinical findings, observations, or other 
activities in a clinical trial necessary for the reconstruction and evaluation of the trial.  Source 
data are contained in source documents.  Examples of these original documents, and data 
records include: hospital records, clinical and office charts, laboratory notes, memoranda, 
participants’ diaries or evaluation checklists, pharmacy dispensing records, recorded data from 


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automated instruments, copies or transcriptions certified after verification as being accurate and 
complete, microfiches, photographic negatives, microfilm or magnetic media, x-rays, participant 
files, and records kept at the pharmacy, at the laboratories, and at medico-technical 
departments involved in the clinical trial.
17.2 Case Report Forms (CRFs)
The study case report form (CRF) is the primary data collection instrument for the study.  All 
data requested on the CRF must be recorded.  All missing data must be explained.  If a space 
on the CRF is left blank because the procedure was not done or the question was not asked, 
write “N/D”.  If the item is not applicable to the individual case, write “N/A”.  All entries should be 
printed legibly in black ink.  If any entry error has been made, to correct such an error, draw a 
single straight line through the incorrect entry and enter the correct data above it.  All such 
changes must be initialed and dated.  DO NOT ERASE OR WHITE OUT ERRORS.  For 
clarification of illegible or uncertain entries, print the clarification above the item, then initial and 
date it. 
17.3 GEORGIA CTSA CLINICAL RESEARCH CENTER FACILITY AT EMORY UNIVERSITY
GEORGIA CTSA - GCRC site at Emory University Hospital (EUH): The EUH GCRC site houses 
inpatient and outpatient areas, administrative offices, participant waiting area and laboratories.  
The two areas combined encompass a total of 11,893 square feet. The Inpatient Research Unit 
includes fully equipped private rooms and a nursing station. At the far end of the GCRC 
inpatient unit, the Serious Communicable Disease Unit (SCDU) has three rooms that are 
capable of providing appropriate isolation and intensive care for patients with highly contagious, 
serious infectious diseases.  Each room has an anteroom that has net negative air pressure in 
relation to the hallway. The patient rooms have net negative air pressure in relation to the 
anteroom. Each patient room has over 20 air changes per hour with laminar airflow over the 
patient beds. All air from the rooms is HEPA filtered and directly exhausted to the outside after 
being filtered.  The rooms were successfully used to treat 4 Ebola patients during the 2014-2015 
epidemic. Currently they are used to conduct research on various communicable diseases 
through Georgia CTSA.  In addition to the 3 ICU level isolation rooms, the 8 additional rooms in 
the unit can be used to care for patients with a lesser degree of illness.  Participants check in 
with the staff at the nursing stations. The participant waiting area seats 9 people. The outpatient 
research unit is immediately adjacent to the inpatient unit and houses a nursing station, 6 
private research bays for study participants and several procedure rooms. GCRC research 


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nurses and technicians are available on a daytime 8-hr shift to perform research activities such 
as IV placement, timed urine and blood collection, study drug administration, etc. 
The Human Performance Unit includes three private outpatient rooms separate from the above 
described outpatient care area with (1) a treadmill equipped for VO2Max testing, EKG for 
exercise stress testing,  (2) and ultrasound system for the assessment of flow mediated 
dilatation and carotid artery intimal medial thickness, and (3) an infusion room.
GCRC Administrative Unit: The administrative suite is adjacent to the EUH-GCRC research 
nursing units and houses the offices of the GCRC Program Director and site specific Co-
Director, Research Nursing Director, Administrative Director, the GCRC scheduling coordinator 
and Program Coordinators.
GCRC Core Laboratory:  The main GCRC Core Laboratory is located adjacent to the EUH 
GCRC unit and staff includes research technicians with long-standing experience in processing 
and storage of timed blood, urine and tissue samples. The unit employs the Georgia CTSA-wide 
state-of-the art Nautilus Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) for de-identified 
sample tracking, storage and management. Lab resources include a main Laboratory office, a 
large sample bench processing and aliquoting area for use by GCRC and investigator staff, 
general and refrigerated centrifuges and microcentrifuges and 11 [-80oC], 3 [-20oC] and 2 [4oC] 
freezers for sample storage. All freezers/refrigerators are equipped with CO2 back-up system. 
All three core laboratories hold CLIA waivers.
17.4 Emory University Investigational Drug Service
The pharmacy that will serve the study is the Emory University Investigational Drug Service 
(IDS) -  http://www.ocr.emory.edu/ids/index.html
The IDS is currently involved in a number of NIAID/DAIDS studies, demonstrating the capacity 
of the IDS to initiate, conduct, participate in, and support NIAID/DAIDS funded research.  
Staffing:
Esther Park, Pharm.D.,  esther.sue.park@emory.edu, 404 727-0028
Jianguo Xu,Ph.D.,  jxu5@emory.edu, 404 727-0036


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Rebecca Gonzalez, Pharm.D.,  rebecca.feng@emory.edu, 404 778-0672
Susan Rogers, Director, B.S., RPH,  sroger2@emory.edu, 404 712-7485
 
Access:
Access to IDS is limited to IDS employees only.  All have keys to the area.
 
Continual access to electrical power:
IDS is located in Emory Clinic Building A which has a backup generator that provides continual 
power in case of power outages
 
Controlled room temperature:
Room temperature is controlled and monitored continually via an electronic monitoring system, 
Tempalert.
 
Study product preparation:
Study products are prepared in the pharmacy which is a clean, safe and secure setting. All 
study product is properly labeled by name and protocol # and is stored according to the labeling 
requirements.
 
Equipment:
IDS is equipped with appropriate space and equipment for proper handling and preparation of 
study product.
 
Clean water:
IDS has a sink for water supply in the dose preparation area of the Pharmacy.
 
Equipment maintenance:
IDS maintains equipment for storage, temperature monitoring and preparation of study product 
and doses.  IV hoods are inspected every six months. Temperature monitoring equipment is 
calibrated annually.
 
Emergency plan:
IDS maintains backup refrigerators and freezers in case of power equipment failure
 
Importation:
IDS complies with all international regulations for shipping
 
Destruction:
IDS can destroy locally through the University’s Environmental Health and Safety Office.  All 
study product is destroyed via incineration.
Pharmacy Accountability Records:
IDS uses Vestigo software for all aspects of drug inventory, billing, and accountability 
http://www.mccreadiegroup.com/vestigo/ 


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Study Product Acquisition Plan:
Imatinib, isoniazid and rifabutin will be purchased from the manufacturers and dispensed 
through the IDS pharmacy using standard procedures.
 


IMPACT-TB*: A phase II clinical trial of the safety, 
pharmacokinetics and hematologic effects of imatinib on 
myelopoiesis in adults when given with and without isoniazid 
and rifabutin 
*Imatinib mesylate per oral as a clinical therapeutic for TB
Principal Investigator (1)
Edmund K. Waller, MD PhD, FACP
Professor
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology,       
Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute
1365C Clifton Road, Suite C5004
Atlanta, GA 30322
Phone: (404) 727-4995
Email: ewaller@emory.edu 
Emory 
Co-Investigators (2)
R. Donald Harvey III, Pharm D.
Associate Professor
Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology
Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute
1365C Clifton Road, CPL017B
Atlanta, GA 30322
Phone: (404) 778-4381
Email: rdharve@emory.edu
Daniel Kalman, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Emory University, Whitehead Research Building #144
615 Michael St.
Atlanta, GA 30322
Phone: 404-712-2326
Email: dkalman@emory.edu
Cynthia R. Giver, PhD
Associate Professor, Hematology/Oncology
Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute
1365C Clifton Road, Room C4080 
Atlanta, GA 30322
Phone: (404) 778-5806
Email: cgiver@emory.edu
Colleen S. Kraft, MD
Associate Professor, Pathology
Emory University School of Medicine
Phone: 404-712-8889
Email: colleen.kraft@emory.edu


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Aneesh K. Mehta, MD
Associate Professor, Infectious Diseases
Emory University School of Medicine
Phone: 404-727-8435
Email: aneesh.mehta@emory.edu
Emory Investigational Drug 
Service Pharmacist
Susan Rogers, RPh
Director 
Investigational Drug Service
Emory University Clinic
Building A, Suite AT111
1365 Clifton Road, NE
Atlanta, GA  30322
(404) 712-7485
Email: sroger2@emory.edu
Non- Emory Scientific 
Collaborators 
Gregory P. Bisson, MD MSCE
Associate Professor
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Pamela Shaw, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Robert Wallis, MD
Professor
The Aurum Institute
Johannesburg, South Africa
Tawanda Gumbo, MD
SW Professional Bldg.Dallas, TX
5920 Forrest Park Road, 7th Floor
Dallas, TX   75235
Charles Peloquin, Pharm D
Professor
Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL
Oladapo Alli, Pharm D
NIH/NIAID/Division of AIDS/Pharmaceutical Affairs Branch
5601 Fishers Lane. Rm 9E16
Rockville, MD 20852
240-627-3593
Email: oladapo.alli@nih.gov


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Sudha Srinivasan, Ph.D., MPH 
Program Office
Tuberculosis Clinical Research Branch
Therapeutics Research Program
DAIDS/NIAID/NIH
5601 Fishers Lane, Rm 9E38
Rockville, MD. 20852
240-627-3062
Email: sudha.srinivasan@nih.gov
Melanie Goth, MD, FAAP
Medical Officer; TCRB-DAIDS, NIAID
5601 Fishers Lane, Room 9E36
Rockville, MD 20852
 (301) 761-7490
Email: melanie.goth@NIH.gov
Richard Hafner, MD
Senior Scientific Officer, Tuberculosis Clinical Research 
Branch Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH, DHHS
5601 Fishers Lane Room 9E30, MSC 9830
Rockville, MD 20852
Phone: 240-747-7425
E-mail: rhafner@nih.gov


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PREFACE TO THIS AMENDED PROTOCOL:
In a previous version of this protocol that included imatinib dosing for 2 weeks, followed by 
imatinib together with rifabutin and isoniazid for another 2 weeks, we found 50mg imatinib to be 
the maximum tolerated dose when given with these drugs, and an unacceptably high rate of 
toxicity at imatinib 100mg when given as combination therapy. These data suggest further 
imatinib dosing with rifabutin and isoniazid should not be conducted at 100mg or higher. 
However, these data do not negate the potential of imatinib as a host-directed therapy for TB, 
as dosing at 100mg imatinib was safe when given alone during days 1-14. Our current goal is to 
determine if imatinib dosed alone has beneficial effects. If so, additional studies evaluating drug-
drug interactions with agents other than isoniazid and rifabutin will be pursued. Hence, the 
amended protocol here is specific for volunteer studies using imatinib alone. 


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SIGNATURE PAGE
Protocol Title: IMPACT-TB*: A phase II clinical trial of the safety, pharmacokinetics and 
hematologic effects of imatinib on myelopoiesis in adults when given with and without isoniazid 
and rifabutin 
*Imatinib mesylate per oral as a clinical therapeutic for TB
DAIDS Protocol Number: 
Aim 1
DAIDS-ES ID 38518
DAIDS Protocol Version History: 
Protocol Aim 1, Version 5.0, June 22, 2022
Protocol Aim 1, Version 4.0, September 13, 2021
Protocol Aim 1, Version 3.0, July 12, 2019
Protocol Aim 1, Version 2.0, March11, 2019
I will conduct this study in accordance with the provisions of this protocol and all applicable 
protocol-related documents. I agree to conduct this study in compliance with United States (US) 
Health and Human Service regulations (45 CFR 46); applicable U.S. Food and Drug 
Administration regulations; standards of the International Conference on Harmonization 
Guideline for Good Clinical Practice (E6); Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee 
determinations; all applicable in-country, state, and local laws and regulations; and other 
applicable requirements (e.g., US National Institutes of Health, Division of AIDS) and 
institutional policies.
Investigator name
Signature
Date signed


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NIH Grant Number                   NIH4UH3AI122320 - 03
Investigational Product:
Imatinib
Protocol Number:
IRB Number:
DAIDS-ES ID 38518
IRB00103001
IND/ IDE Number:
IND 143386
IND Sponsor
DAIDS
ClinicalTrials.gov Number       NCT03891901


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Protocol Registration
Prior to implementation of this protocol, and any subsequent full version amendments, 
the site must have the protocol and the protocol informed consent form(s) approved, as 
appropriate, by their local institutional review board (IRB)/ethics committee (EC) and any 
other applicable regulatory entity (RE). Upon receiving final approval, sites will submit all 
required protocol registration documents to the DAIDS Protocol Registration Office 
(DAIDS PRO) at the Regulatory Support Center (RSC).  The DAIDS PRO will review the 
submitted protocol registration packet to ensure that all of the required documents have 
been received.  
Initial Registration 
Site-specific informed consent forms (ICFs) will be reviewed and approved by the DAIDS 
PRO and sites will receive an Initial Registration Notification from the DAIDS PRO that 
indicates successful completion of the protocol registration process. A copy of the Initial 
Registration Notification will be retained in the site's regulatory files.
Amendment Registration Language 
Upon receiving final IRB/EC and any other applicable RE approval(s) for a study 
amendment, sites should implement the amendment immediately.  Sites are required to 
submit an amendment registration packet to the DAIDS PRO at the RSC.  Site-specific 
ICF(s) will not be reviewed and approved by the DAIDS PRO and sites will receive an 
Amendment Registration Notification from the DAIDS PRO that approves the site specific 
ICFs and indicates successful completion of the amendment protocol registration 
process. A copy of the final amendment Registration Notification issued by the DAIDS 
PRO should be retained in the site's regulatory files.


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Table of Contents
Protocol Registration ..........................................................................................................................7
Initial Registration ...............................................................................................................................7
Amendment Registration Language...............................................................................................7
List of Abbreviations .........................................................................................................................11
Study Summary ...................................................................................................................................12
1.  Background and Study Rationale ............................................................................................16
1.1 Background and Relevant Literature ...........................................................................................16
1.2 Imatinib mesylate................................................................................................................................17
1.2.1
Preclinical Data on the effect of imatinib on Mtb infection ........................................................18
1.2.2
Clinical Data on the effect of imatinib on Mtb infection to Date...............................................20
1.3 Dose Rationale......................................................................................................................................20
1.4 Possible Drug-Drug Interactions with TB Therapy..................................................................21
1.5 Conduct of Study: Emory University, Office of Clinical Research ........................................22
1.6 Conduct of Study: Georgia Clinical & Translational Science Alliance (CTSA), Georgia 
CTSA Clinical Research Center (GCRC)...................................................................................................23
1.7 Conduct of Study: Emory University Investigational Drug Service.....................................23
1.8 Conduct of Study: Emory Medical Laboratory (EML) ..............................................................23
1.9 Protocol Review, Finalization, and Approval Processes ........................................................23
2
Study Objectives.........................................................................................................................24
2.1 Primary Objective................................................................................................................................24
2.2 Secondary Objectives .........................................................................................................................24
3
Investigational Plan..................................................................................................................24
3.1 General Design .....................................................................................................................................24
3.1.1
Screening Phase.............................................................................................................................................25
3.1.2
Study Intervention Phase..........................................................................................................................25
3.1.3
Follow Up Phase............................................................................................................................................27
3.1.4
Allocation to Interventional Group .......................................................................................................27
3.2 Study Endpoints ...................................................................................................................................27
3.2.1
Primary Study Endpoints ..........................................................................................................................27
3.2.2
Secondary Study Endpoints .....................................................................................................................28
4
Study Population and Duration of Participation.............................................................28
4.1 Inclusion Criteria.................................................................................................................................28
4.2 Exclusion Criteria ................................................................................................................................29
4.3 Participant Recruitment ...................................................................................................................30
4.4 Duration of Study Participation......................................................................................................31
4.5 Total Number of Participants..........................................................................................................31
4.6 Vulnerable Populations.....................................................................................................................31
5
Study Drug....................................................................................................................................31
5.1 Description ............................................................................................................................................31
5.2 Intervention Regimen........................................................................................................................31


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5.3 Study Product Acquisition/Distribution .....................................................................................32
5.4 Study Product Accountability..........................................................................................................32
5.5 Storage ....................................................................................................................................................32
5.6 Preparation and Packaging..............................................................................................................32
5.7 Blinding...................................................................................................................................................32
5.8 Administration and Accountability...............................................................................................32
5.9 Participant Compliance Monitoring..............................................................................................33
5.9.1
Return or Destruction of Investigational Product..........................................................................33
6
Study Procedures.......................................................................................................................33
6.1 Screening................................................................................................................................................33
6.2 Study Interventions ............................................................................................................................35
6.2.1
Visit 1 (Baseline, Day 1) .............................................................................................................................35
6.2.2
Visit 2 (Day 3).................................................................................................................................................35
6.2.3
Visit 3 (Day 7).................................................................................................................................................35
6.2.4
Visit 4 (Day 14)..............................................................................................................................................36
6.2.5
Visit 5 (Day 15)..............................................................................................................................................37
6.2.6
Visit 6 (Day 21)..............................................................................................................................................37
6.2.7
Visit 7 (Day 28)..............................................................................................................................................37
6.2.8
Visit 8 (Day 42)..............................................................................................................................................38
6.3 Unscheduled Visits and Tele-Medicine Visits ............................................................................38
6.4 Participant Withdrawal and Discontinuation ...........................................................................39
6.4.1
Data Collection and Follow-up for Withdrawn Participants......................................................40
6.5 Early Termination Visits...................................................................................................................40
7
Study Evaluations and Measurements................................................................................40
7.1 Medical Record Review .....................................................................................................................40
7.2 History and Physical Examination and ECG................................................................................41
7.3 Vital Signs...............................................................................................................................................41
7.4 Laboratory Evaluations.....................................................................................................................41
7.5 Pregnancy Testing...............................................................................................................................41
7.6 Efficacy Evaluations............................................................................................................................41
7.6.1
Change from baseline in the absolute numbers of circulating myeloid blood cells and 
other immune parameters........................................................................................................................................41
7.6.2      Whole blood bactericidal activity (WBA) ..........................................................................................42
7.6.3      RNA sequencing............................................................................................................................................43
7.7 Safety Evaluations ...............................................................................................................................43
8
Sample Size Justification and Analysis Methods .............................................................43
8.1 Sample Size Justification and Statistical Analysis.....................................................................43
8.1.1
Pharmacokinetic Analysis.........................................................................................................................46
8.1.2
Interim Analysis ............................................................................................................................................48
8.1.3
Safety Analysis ...............................................................................................................................................49
8.2 Participant Population(s) for Analysis.........................................................................................49
9
Safety and Adverse Events......................................................................................................49
9.1 Definitions..............................................................................................................................................49
9.1.1
Adverse Event.................................................................................................................................................49
9.1.2
Serious Adverse Event................................................................................................................................49
9.2 Recording and Grading of Adverse Events..................................................................................50
9.3 Relationship of AE to Study..............................................................................................................51
9.4 Reporting of Serious Adverse Events, and Unanticipated Problems .................................51


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9.4.1
Follow-up report...........................................................................................................................................53
9.5 Medical Monitoring and Toxicity Management.........................................................................54
9.5.1
Study Progress and Safety Monitoring Plan......................................................................................55
9.6 Critical Event Identification and Reporting................................................................................57
10
Study Administration, Data Handling and Record Keeping........................................58
10.1 Confidentiality......................................................................................................................................58
10.2 Data Collection and Management ..................................................................................................58
10.3 Records Retention...............................................................................................................................58
11
Study Monitoring, Auditing, and Inspecting.....................................................................59
11.1 Study Monitoring Plan .......................................................................................................................59
12
Ethical Considerations .............................................................................................................59
12.1 Risks.........................................................................................................................................................60
12.2 Benefits ...................................................................................................................................................60
12.3 Risk Benefit Assessment ...................................................................................................................60
12.4 Informed Consent Process / HIPAA Authorization..................................................................61
13
Study Finances............................................................................................................................61
13.1 Funding Source.....................................................................................................................................61
13.2 Conflict of Interest...............................................................................................................................61
13.3 Participant Stipends or Payments .................................................................................................61
14
Publication Plan.........................................................................................................................61
15
References....................................................................................................................................61
16
Attachment...................................................................................................................................65
17
Appendix.......................................................................................................................................65
17.1 Source Documents...............................................................................................................................65
17.2 Case Report Forms (CRFs)................................................................................................................65
17.3 GEORGIA CTSA CLINICAL RESEARCH CENTER AT EMORY UNIVERSITY............................65
17.4 Emory University Investigational Drug Service........................................................................67


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List of Abbreviations
AE..........................................adverse event
ART .......................................antiretroviral therapy
CI...........................................confidence interval
Cmax .....................................maximum concentration
CML……………………………chronic myelogenous leukemia
CRF .......................................case report form
DAIDS....................................Division of AIDS of NIAID
DDI ........................................drug-drug interactions
FDA .......................................US Food and Drug Administration
GCP.......................................good clinical practice
HDT .......................................host-directed therapy
INH……………………………..isoniazid
IIV………………………………interindividual variability
LTBI……………………………latent TB infection
MDR ......................................multidrug-resistant
MGIT…………………………..Mycobacteria growth indicator tube
Mm …………………………… Mycobacterium marinum
MN.........................................monocytes
Mtb……………………………..Mycobacterium tuberculosis
OCR………………………….  Office of Clinical Research
OHRP………………………….Office for Human Research Protections
PD..........................................pharmacodynamics
PK..........................................pharmacokinetics
PMN.......................................polymorphonuclear cells
qD……………………………...once daily
RBT……………………………rifabutin
SAE .......................................serious adverse event
SUSAR ..................................suspected unexpected serious adverse reaction
T½ .........................................elimination half life
TB..........................................tuberculosis
Tmax......................................time to maximum concentration
WBA…………………………...whole blood bactericidal assay
XDR…………………………...extensively drug-resistant


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Version 5
Study Summary
Title
IMPACT-TB*: A phase II clinical trial of the safety, pharmacokinetics 
and hematologic effects of imatinib on myelopoiesis in adults 
when given with and without isoniazid and rifabutin
 *Imatinib mesylate per oral as a clinical therapeutic for TB
Short Title
Imatinib Dosing Trial
IRB Number
IRB00103001
Protocol Number
DAIDS-ES ID 38518
Phase
Phase 2 evaluating safety, immunologic and microbiologic efficacy and 
pharmacokinetics (PK) 
Methodology
Open label, sequential dose escalation design 
Study Duration
Up to 50 days, including up to 8 days of screening, 28 days of imatinib 
alone, and 14 days of post-drug follow-up. 
Study Center
Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University 
And Georgia Clinical & Translational Science Alliance (Georgia CTSA)
Georgia CTSA Clinical Research Center
Emory University Hospital 
1364 Clifton Rd.
Atlanta, Georgia 30322
United States


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Objectives
Primary:

To determine the effects of different doses of imatinib on 
myelopoiesis in adults when given alone

Primary Safety Objective: To determine the safety of different 
doses of imatinib 
Secondary:

To determine the effects of different doses of imatinib on ex vivo 
bacillary killing in adults when given alone

To assess the PK and PD of imatinib in relation to myelopoesis 
and ex vivo bacillary killing

To determine the effects of imatinib on cellular immune function 
and on circulating biomarkers of immune activation and on T 
cells and monocytes 

To assess proteomic and transcriptomic changes associated 
with imatinib administration
Number of 
Participants
48 participants total, including 16 enrolled in a previous protocol version 
and 32 to be enrolled in this amended protocol. The additional 32 
participants will receive 28 days of imatinib alone at one of 3 doses
Main Inclusion and 
Exclusion Criteria
The study will enroll healthy adult volunteers as defined in the protocol.
Investigational 
Product 
Participants will receive imatinib mesylate at 100, 200, or 400 mg per 
day. 
Duration of 
administration 
Volunteers will receive imatinib for a total of 28 days.
Reference therapy
None


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Statistical 
Methodology
Immunologic effects
The primary outcome is the change in the numbers of myelomonocytic 
cells in the blood between baseline and day 14 of the study. The 
change in these cells will be estimated with mixed models, combining 
all dose groups, with interactions between dose and each time point. 
Secondary efficacy analyses will also use mixed models to determine 
the relationship between imatinib exposures and change in the 
numbers of myelomonocytic cells at each dose separately and in the 
pooled dose strata. Similar analyses will be used to assess bacillary 
killing, as determined by the Whole Blood Bactericidal Assay (WBA), 
using bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), at day 14.
Safety
The incidence of all adverse events and in particular grade 3 or 4 
adverse events and SAEs during all follow-up time will be determined 
using point estimates and 95% CIs. 


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Pharmacokinetic analysis
Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, including absorption, distribution, 
and metabolism, will be determined using S-ADAPT software utilizing a 
compartmental PK analysis approach and summarized by treatment 
regimen. 
Study design 
Dose-escalation trial with PK components
Power and Sample Size Analysis 
At completion of the study, 48 participants with evaluable data will 
provide 90% power to detect a 0.48 SD in the change in the number of 
myelomonocytic cells on imatinib. Within each dose stratum, we will 
have 90% power to detect a 1.03 SD change. 
 
Safety Evaluations 
Clinical and laboratory adverse events including ECG changes will be 
monitored prospectively while on study drug and at 14 days after 
completion of imatinib. 
Study Progress and 
Safety Monitoring 
Plan 
The Independent Safety Monitor, PI and study team, Data Safety 
Monitoring Board (DSMB), and Sponsor will be responsible for 
monitoring the data quality and the ongoing safety of participants. 
Twelve participants will be enrolled into each dosage arm in an 
ascending manner, starting with the 100 mg imatinib dose. A safety 
analysis will be performed by the team and the DSMB after complete 
safety data are available from 6 participants within a stratum. If safe, 
and after a total of 12 participants are enrolled for the first stratum, then 
the next higher dose will begin enrolling participants. Enrollment will 
proceed in this manner until the sample size has been reached. Formal 
safety analysis will then occur using the data from all dose groups.    


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1.  BACKGROUND AND STUDY RATIONALE
This document is a clinical research protocol and the described study will be conducted in 
compliance with the protocol, Good Clinical Practice standards, Good Clinical Laboratory 
Practice standards, associated federal regulations, NIAID/DAIDS funding agency requirements, 
and all applicable University research requirements. The study is being performed in the United 
States, at Emory University in Atlanta, and will therefore also comply with all US federal 
research requirements. All episodes of noncompliance will be documented.
Introduction
Therapeutic agents capable of improving treatment of all forms of TB are urgently needed. The 
cancer drug imatinib limits mycobacterial infections in culture and animal models by reducing 
both entry into macrophages and augmenting phagolysosomal fusion (autophagy), which may 
facilitate antigen presentation and pathogen killing (1). Additionally, imatinib induces increases 
in myeloid cells (myelopoiesis), and an innate immune response to infection that mimics so-
called “emergency hematopoiesis,” a response that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) appears 
to suppress (2). Importantly, these mechanisms can be induced in animal models by oral doses 
substantially lower than those used in people to combat cancer. The dose-dependence has 
important implications for TB clinical studies in humans, as it suggests that imatinib could 
improve TB treatment using doses that impart minimal if any toxicity. 
This trial will evaluate the safety, immunologic effects and PK properties of several doses of 
imatinib when given alone in order to inform subsequent phase 2 studies evaluating the 
microbiologic effects of adjunctive imatinib at an optimized dose in patients with pulmonary TB 
or latent TB infection (LTBI). A full consideration of exposure-efficacy data and exposure-safety 
data from this study in healthy volunteers will be undertaken in collaboration with the DSMB and 
DAIDS prior to making recommentations for subsequent studies.
1.1
Background and Relevant Literature 
With existing anti-tubercular drug therapies, treatment of drug-susceptible TB takes at least 6 
months and success rates for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug 
resistant TB (XDR-TB) are a dismal 50 and 20%, respectively, highlighting the urgent need for 
new TB drugs (3). We have identified imatinib mesylate, a cancer drug used to treat humans 
with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) or gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), as a 


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potential “host- directed therapeutic (HDT)” for drug resistant TB infections and TB/HIV co-
infections. Imatinib inhibits c-Abl tyrosine kinase (TK), which is dysregulated in CML, as well as 
related TKs (e.g. c-Kit). Data from tens of thousands of human patients indicate that imatinib is 
generally well tolerated, with few severe adverse events and little toxicity, especially at low 
doses (4-7). In animal models, imatinib facilitates clearance of Mtb by disrupting the cellular 
mechanisms that Mtb uses for entry and survival in host cells (1). Also, at doses substantially 
lower than those used for CML, imatinib stimulates “emergency hematopoiesis,” a host immune 
response to infection that mobilizes myeloid cell populations, but which is suppressed by Mtb 
(2). As an HDT, imatinib acts synergistically with antibiotics, is effective against antibiotic-
resistant mycobacteria, and may be less likely to engender resistance compared to traditional 
anti-bacterial agents. Our proposal seeks to: determine the safety profile, immunologic effects, 
and PK properties of imatinib when given to volunteers. These studies will directly inform dosing 
for subsequent studies that will determine PK interactions with relevant TB treatments and the 
safety and microbiologic efficacy of imatinib when used as an adjunctive therapy in TB infection 
and disease. We will conduct this initial study in Atlanta at Emory University in order to 
facilitate timely completion of the study, which will aid in the rapid evaluation of imatinib 
in future studies. 
1.2
Imatinib mesylate 
Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is approved by multiple regulatory agencies 
for the treatment of several malignancies, including Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic 
myelogenous leukemia (Ph+ CML), at adult doses of 400 - 800 mg/d (4, 5). The drug has a well-
defined safety profile. It is well absorbed after oral administration, with a t½ of 15 hr, supporting 
once daily dosing (8). Doses of 400 mg/d produce mean plasma concentrations of 
approximately 1.1 mg/L (average male, 1.8 m2) (9). Imatinib is both a substrate for and an 
inhibitor of CYP3A4. In CML its primary target is Bcr-Abl, a strongly expressed fusion protein 
with tyrosine kinase activity that results from the 9:22 chromosomal translocation. Inhibition of 
Bcr-Abl in CML by imatinib arrests myeloid cell proliferation and restores normal apoptosis.


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Figures 1a and 1b. Effect of low dose imatinib on blood PMNs and MNs in mice and relationship between 
myelopoesis and mycobacterial growth. From (2). 
Two distinct mechanisms of action of imatinib pertain to its potential role in TB. The first 
is a direct, pharmacologic effect on macrophage function. In normal individuals, therapeutic 
concentrations of imatinib inhibit c-Abl1, c-Kit and related tyrosine kinases. Mtb uses one or 
more of these enzymes to inhibit phagolysosome fusion, thereby evading innate host defenses. 
Treatment of Mtb-infected macrophages with imatinib blocks this pathogenic mechanism by 
altering intracellular trafficking, promoting vesicle acidification and restricting Mtb growth 1, 10. In 
addition, low imatinib concentrations induce differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and 
progenitors in the bone marrow, augmenting myelopoiesis but not lymphopoiesis, and 
increasing numbers of myeloid cells in blood and spleen of mice (Figure 1a) (2). Whereas 
progenitor differentiation relies on partial inhibition of c-Kit by imatinib, myeloid lineage 
commitment depends upon inhibition of other PTKs. Myelopoiesis in turn is associated with 
improved control of mycobacterial growth (Figure 1b). Thus, imatinib at low doses mimics 
“emergency myelopoiesis”, a physiological innate immune response to systemic infection. At 
higher doses, effects on myelopoiesis are still evident but exodus of mature myeloid cells from 
the bone marrow into the periphery does not occur. 
1.2.1
Preclinical Data on the effect of imatinib on Mtb infection
In one representative experiment, C57Bl/6 mice treated with low dose imatinib by continuous 
infusion were infected with a large inoculum of Mtb. Treatment continued for 28 days, after 


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which animals were sacrificed. Mtb-CFU counts were significantly lower in imatinib treated 
animals, of whom approximately one third had completely cleared the infection, a reduction of 
more than 7 logs (Figure 2a) (10). In a recent, ongoing experiment, macaques were infected 
with Mtb by the aerosol route. After 6 weeks, 2 cohorts began treatment with either 3 
antimicrobial drugs used for MDR-TB treatment (moxifloxacin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide), or 
the 3 drugs plus imatinib 30 mg/kg/d. A 3rd cohort received no treatment. Animals underwent 
bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and immunologic evaluation after 3 additional weeks. Those 
treated with antimicrobials alone had a mean of 2x104 CFU in BAL fluid, whereas those also 
treated with imatinib had no detectable bacilli (Figure 2b). In addition, serum concentrations of 
C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation, had normalized in imatinib-treated animals, 
whereas they had remained markedly abnormal in the other cohorts  (Figure 2c). This suggests 
that contrary to what one would expect in increasing autophagy and myelopoiesis, there was 
actually decreased inflammation. Indeed, lung pathology was also reduced with imatinib 
treatment when the drug was administered alone following reactivation with SIV, or when 
administered together with antibiotics (Figure 2d).
Figure 2. Effects of imatinib of TB 
infection in mice and non human 
primates (NHPs). A. CFUs from lung 
following aerosol Mtb infection in mice. 
Control animals were administered 
placebo or imatinib at 66 or 100 
mg/kg/d for 28d. Note that 80% of 
animals showed reductions of at least 
2 orders of magnitude and in some 
animals Mtb was below detectable 
levels (from Napier et al., 2011). B. 
BAL CFUs in NHPs infected with high 
inoculum of Mtb (200CFU) for ~6 
weeks, and then treated for three 
weeks with either antibiotic regimen 
(ethambutol (15mg/kg), pyrazinamide 
(20mg/kg) and moxifloxacin 
(40mg/kg)), or antibioitcs plus imatinib 
(30mg/kg/d). C.  Serum CRP from 
animals infected with low inoculum of 
Mtb to induce a latent TB infction 
(LTBI), and then infected with SIV, 
which causes TB reactivation. Imatinib 
treatment commenced when animals 
showed signs of active disease; 
imatinib-treated animals were 
sacrificed pairwise when a control 
animal succumbed. D. Lung histology 
(H&E) and pathology scores from the 
antibiotic experiment (B) or the SIV 
reactivation experiment (C).


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1.2.2
Clinical Data on the effect of imatinib on Mtb infection to Date
There currently is limited clinical data on the effects of imatinib on TB treatment outcomes in 
humans. No trials have been performed, but individuals on imatinib for treatment of CML who 
developed TB anecdotally had successful treatment outcomes (11, 12). 
1.2.2.1
Human Pharmacokinetics
Human population PK of imatinib have been identified by Scmidli et al in 371 patients and are 
also a one compartment model: clearance of 14 L/hr with an inter-individual variability (IIV) of 
32% and a volume of 252 L (13). These data are also consistent with population PK data from 
Widmer et al using data from 59 patients with CML or GIST (8).  
1.2.2.2
Clinical Studies in Adults and Children
There have been no clinical studies of adjunctive imatinib for TB treatment in adults or children. 
1.3
Dose Rationale 
The optimal dose for adjunctive imatinib therapy in TB is unknown, necessitating a trial 
evaluating the safety, PK and PD relationships of multiple doses. We have used data from our 
NHP experiments to inform dosing for the proposed study. Specifically, we will aim to replicate 
drug concentrations associated with myeloid responses and Mtb killing in the NHP model. 
Based on the myeloid respone data, macaques treated with 10 mg/kg had no increase in 
myelomonocytic cell percentages by day 7, while in 2 animals treated with 30 mg/kg, one had 
an increase in the percentage of myelomonocytic cells and the other did not. In the macaque 
treated with 60 mg/kg there was a myelomonocytic cell response. The drug concentrations 
achieved by 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg in NHP were thus used to model the dosing target for 
human TB patients.
We utilized S-ADAPT for identifying PK parameters. The macaque concentrations with 
treatment of 30 mg/kg were best explained by a one-compartment model based on both Akaike 
Information criteria (score of 0.45 versus 6.51) and Bayesian Information criteria (score of 2.58 
versus 9.54) when compared to a two-compartment model. The final clearance estimate was 
23.95 L/hr, volume of 110.1 L, and absorption constant (Ka) of 0.22 per hour. This translates to 
a half-life of 3.19 hours in the macaques. The peak concentration was 1.35 mg/L at 4 hours and 
a trough of 0.05 mg/L at 24 hours (just prior to next dose). From this, we can calculate that the 
macaques treated with 30 mg/kg achieved a 0-24 hours area under the concentration-time 
curve (AUC0-24) of 9.19 mg*hr/L. By scaling, doses of 60 mg/kg would achieve an AUC0-24 of 


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18.37 mg*hr/L, peak of 2.70 mg/L and trough of 0.1 mg/L.  These sets of concentrations give us 
the target floor and ceiling concentrations to aim for in patients.
We performed Monte Carlo Experiments (MCE) of 5,000 patients each to identify the 
concentrations achieved by imatinib doses of 50 mg, 100, 150 mg, and 200 mg administered 
daily. The domain input were the PK parameter estimates and covariance matrix from Scmidli et 
al in 371 patients; these were entered into subroutine PRIOR of ADAPT. Results are shown in 
Figure 3, which also shows where concentrations for each would fall in relationship to the 
concentrations of 0.05-0.49 mg/L (pink lines) that have been associated with myelopoiesis, and 
0.5-1.97 mg/L (grey lines) that have been associated with autophagy. In addition, the doses of 
150 mg/day and 200 mg/day would also be able to fulfill the range on peak of 2.70 mg/L and a 
trough of 0.05 mg/L identified in the macaques that achieved both myelopoiesis and anti-TB 
effect. We have completed dosing with 50 mg imatinib. Hence, we will continue with 100 - 200 
mg/day, as well as a higher dose of 400 mg/day to account for possible under-estimation of the 
effects in humans. Thus, we propose doses of 100 mg/day, 200 mg/day, and 400 mg/day to be 
tested in human volunteers. 
1.4
Possible Drug-Drug Interactions with TB Therapy
Standard treatment of drug-susceptible TB involves two months of isoniazid, a rifamycin such as 
rifampin or rifabutin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol, followed by four months of isoniazid and a 
Figure 3. Model of 
PK/PD of imatinib in 
humans based on 
responses in non-
human primates.


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rifamycin. Isoniazid inhibits CYP3A4, which could increase the concentrations of imatinib when 
given together (14). Both rifampin and rifabutin are inducers of cytochrome P450 enzymes, 
including CYP3A4. Although rifampin is the most commonly used rifamycin in TB treatment 
globally, in a single-dose PK study of 14 healthy human subjects rifampin reduced the mean 
imatinib Cmax, AUC0–24 and AUC0–∞ by 54% (90% CI: 48–60%), 68% (64–70%) and 74% (71–
76%), respectively. Rifabutin is substantially less potent in terms of inducing CYP3A and other 
drug-metabolizing enzymes compared to rifampin (15). In the first 16 volunteers enrolled in a 
previous version of this protocol that included imatinib dosing between day 14 and day 28 
together with rifabutin and isoniazid, we found 50mg to be the maximum tolerated dose when 
given with these drugs, and an unacceptably high rate of toxicity at imatinib 100mg when given 
as combination therapy. These data suggest further imatinib dosing with rifabutin and isoniazid 
should not be conducted at 100mg or higher. However, these data do not negate the potential of 
imatinib as a host-directed therapy for TB, as dosing at 100mg imatinib was safe when given 
alone during days 1-14. New drug regimens for drug-resistant TB involve medications other 
than rifabutin and isoniazid, and imatinib may have benefits when given with these agents, 
which include oxazolidinones, nitroimidazoles, fluoroquinolones, and bedaquiline. Drug-drug 
interactions with these agents could occur, and studies examining these interactions would be 
justified if imatinib demonstrates beneficial effects at safe doses in humans, including 
myelopoesis and bacillary killing using the WBA assay. Therefore, our current goal is to 
determine if imatinib dosed alone has beneficial effects. If so, additional studies evaluating drug-
drug interactions with agents other than isoniazid and rifabutin will be pursued.   
1.5
Conduct of Study: Emory University, Office of Clinical Research
The protocol team at Emory receives guidance from the Emory Office of Clinical Research 
(OCR) in the design of protocol-related documents including Standard Operating Procedures, 
Data Management Plan, and Clinical Quality Management Plan.  The OCR also provides 
guidance for clinical coordination and regulatory management, helping to ensure compliance 
with Good Clinical Practice (GCP), Emory University Institutional Review Board (IRB), US Food 
and Drug Administration (FDA), and other regulatory agencies (e.g., the OHRP) and 
NIAID/DAIDS (the Sponsor). Further information about the Emory OCR is found at: 
https://www.ocr.emory.edu/


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1.6
Conduct of Study: Georgia Clinical & Translational Science Alliance (CTSA), 
Georgia CTSA Clinical Research Center (GCRC)
The study will be carried out using facilities of the Georgia CTSA GCRC located within the 
Emory University Hospital Clinical Research Site, with personnel based in the GCRC Nursing 
Staff and Core Laboratory. 
http://georgiactsa.org/discovery/clinical-sites/emory-university.html
http://georgiactsa.org/discovery/nursing.html
Please see protocol Appendix Section 17.3 for further details. 
1.7
Conduct of Study: Emory University Investigational Drug Service
The pharmacy that will serve the study is the Emory University Investigational Drug Service 
(IDS) -  http://www.ocr.emory.edu/ids/index.html
The IDS is currently involved in a number of NIAID/DAIDS studies, demonstrating the capacity 
of IDS to initiate, conduct, participate in, and support NIAID/DAIDS funded research.  Please 
see Protocol Section 17.4 for required IDS information.  
1.8
Conduct of Study: Emory Medical Laboratory (EML)
Standard medical laboratory tests will be conducted by the Emory Medical Laboratory (EML). 
The EML is a fully accredited and licensed clinical laboratory.  EML participates in the College of 
American Pathologists (CAP) Laboratory Accreditation Program and has CLIA (Clinical 
Laboratory Improvement Amendments) certification through CMS (Centers of Medicare and 
Medicaid Services). Emory Medical Laboratory also is licensed by the state of Georgia.  
EML Lab Reference Ranges and CLIA certificate are found at the website. 
http://www.emoryhealthcare.org/centers-programs/medical-laboratory/index.html
1.9
Protocol Review, Finalization, and Approval Processes
The protocol will undergo a review, approval and set-up phase with the Georgia CTSA GCRC 
during the first 2 months of funding, as well as the Protocol Registration process with 
NIAID/DAIDS. A protocol-specific Manual of Operational Procedures in accordance with 
NIAID/DAIDS requirements will also be prepared and approved during this timeframe, 
incorporating procedures needed for this study and existing SOPs from the Winship CTO, 
Georgia CTSA GCRC and Core Lab, IDS Pharmacy, and Emory University Medical Laboratory. 


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2
Study Objectives
The overall objective of the study is to determine safe and immunologically effective doses of 
imatinib that will subsequently be advanced to future studies. Given toxicity of imatinib when 
given at 100mg with rifabutin and isoniazid, the objectives are amended to focus on evaluating 
potential beneficial effects of imatinib when given alone. If beneficial effects are seen, drug-drug 
interactions with relevant anti-tubercular therapies will be evaluated in future trials. 
2.1
Primary Objective

To determine the effects of different doses of imatinib on myelopoiesis in adults when 
given alone

Primary Safety Objective: To determine the safety of different doses of imatinib in adults 
2.2
Secondary Objectives 

To determine the effects of different doses of imatinib on ex vivo bacillary killing in adults 
when given alone 

To assess the PK and PD of imatinib in relation to myelopoesis and ex vivo bacillary 
killing

To determine the effects of imatinib on cellular immune function and on circulating 
biomarkers of immune activation and on T cells and monocytes 

To assess proteomic and transcriptomic changes associated with imatinib administration
3
Investigational Plan 
3.1
General Design
This is an open label trial evaluating the safety, PK and immunologic effects (PD) of different 
doses of imatinib in healthy adult volunteers. In this revised protocol, 32 participants will be 
enrolled in a dose-escalting fashion to receive one of three imatinib doses alone for 28 days. 
Because 4 participants received imatinib at 100mg in a previous protocol, 8 participants will 
receive 100mg daily under this revised protocol, to complete dosing of 12 participants at 100mg 
imatinib daily. Safety evaluation to day 42 follow-up will be conducted for the first 6 participants 
in the 100mg stratum (4 previous participants, plus 2 more enrolled through this amended 
protocol) while the remaining 6 participants are continuing to accrue to the study. Once the 
safety evaluation for the first 6 participants is finalized, and enrollment of a total of 12 
participants in the 100mg stratum is complete, we will begin enrolling 12 participants in the next 


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dose stratum (200 mg/daily). Enrollment will proceed in this fashion, with safety evaluation after 
the first 6 participants at each dose. In this manner, 12 participants will be allocated to each 
imatinib dose, proceeding from 100mg to 200mg and finally from 200mg to 400mg daily. 
3.1.1
Screening Phase
The in-person screening evaluations will occur on days -8 to 0. Upon arrival at the GCRC for the 
in-person screening visit, the participant’s temperature will be taken and participants will be 
asked to provide written informed consent. If consent is provided, demographic and medical 
history and medical record review will be conducted and an HIV test will be performed. Testing 
for HBV and HCV will also be performed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be examined. For 
women of reproductive potential, a pregnancy test will be performed. Physical exam with vital 
signs, medication review, lab safety tests, urinalysis, and a 12-lead ECG will be performed. 
These activities may be spread over multiple visits within the indicated time window. 
Participants who consent and who meet all of the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion 
criteria will be enrolled. 
3.1.2
Study Intervention Phase 
The doses of imatinib used here are the same or lower than those used routinely and safely in 
CML patients, and we do not expect any Grade 3 or Grade 4 adverse events (AEs). Hence, 
safety evaluations for this imatinib-only amended protocol will consist of e-mailed adverse event 
reports to DAIDS, followed by communication from DAIDS to the DSMB. Any Grade 3 or Grade 
4 adverse events will be reported to DAIDS in real time.
We will enroll using a sequential dose-escalation design. Specifically, we will enroll 2 more 
participants in the imatinib 100 mg qD arm, which brings brings enrollment in this group to 6 
participants. We will conduct a safety review of adverse events after these 6 participants given 
imatinib 100mg complete day 42 follow-up. Enrollment of the second 6 participants in the 
100mg dose group will continue while safety review of the first 6 participants is conducted by the 
DSMB via e-mail. The plan to continue enrollment during this review period is based on the 
known safety profile of imatinib in CML patients who take 400 to 800mg daily. If after the first 6 
participants at 100mg complete the 42-day study follow-up there are no treatment emergent 
grade 3 or 4 adverse events considered to be related to imatinib treatment, and there are no 
serious adverse events or other safety concerns among these first six volunteers as well as 
volunteers 7 - 12  in the opinion of the investigators, the Independent Safety Monitor, the DSMB, 


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and the Sponsor that would prevent dose escalation (also documented through e-mail 
communication), we will commence enrollment of the 12 participants in the next dose group 
(200mg qD arm). We will again conduct a safety review of adverse events via e-mail after the 
first 6 participants in the group complete day 42 followup while continuing with the next 6 
participants in the group as above, following the same procedures before starting the 400mg 
imatinib group. After 6 participants complete day 42 followup in the 400 mg qD arm, we will 
review safety data and PK/PD data while enrollment in the 400 mg/day group continues. If the 
safety criteria above are met, we will complete enrollment of remaining participants in the 400 
mg qD arm. This approach will proceed until there are 12 participants with evaluable 
myelopoiesis data in each dose arm and the sample size of 48 participants (16 in the previous 
protocol version plus 32 in this version) is fulfilled. All enrolled participants will be evaluable for 
safety and toxicity assessments if they have taken at least one dose of a study drug. Note that 
in this protocol version, given imatinib dosing only occurs for 28 days, 42-day followup is 
required for a participant to “count” toward the 6 needed for followup assessment. Therefore, if 
any of the first 6 participants in a dose group do not complete the study to day 42, we will need 
to include other participants who complete the day 42 visit to fulfill the requirement. Similarly, 
because study endpoints require data collection up to day 14, if a participant drops out prior to 
day 14, we will enroll another participant to complete the required complement of 12 participants 
with protocol-compliant evaluable data (has taken >85% of all doses of study drugs and 
completed visits to day 14) per dose group (see Section 8.1 and Section 8.2).
After assignment to a group, each participant will be assessed for baseline data according to 
Table 1 prior to their first imatinib dose. They will then take their first imatinib dose. Participants 
will then come back at various times during the 28-day period of imatinib-only dosing (see 
Section 6 on Study Procedures). During this time, safety assessments will be performed and 
blood will be collected for lab assays. Participants will be given imatinib in pre-filled pill 
containers at visit 1 (day 1) as indicated on the schedule of events. There will also be an 
intensive PK study performed on day 14. On this day, participants will have an IV placed to 
minimize discomfort related to phlebotomy at repeated time-points after dosing. Participants will 
return to complete the last PK blood draw on day 15. Additional visits at days 21 and 28 will 
include safety and efficacy assessments. Volunteers will then discontinue all study drug and will 
complete one additional follow-up visit at day 42, 14 days after receiving their last dose, for 
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Meal Timing for all participants: We will instruct participants to take drugs on an empty 
stomach. Our data on the first 16 participants dosed at 50 and 100mg of imatinib indicate that 
this results in expected PK exposures and is consistent with care of TB-infected patients, who 
are commonly instructed to take their anti-TB drugs after fasting. Breakfast may be eaten 1 hour 
after taking the study drugs. On study visit days, participants may eat a small breakfast at home 
at least 2 hours before the scheduled time of study drug administration (e.g. 7am), anticipating 
that the study drugs will be administered at the GCRC at 9am. On the PK study day (visit 4), a 
meal or snack will be provided 1 hour after study drug administration at the GCRC.
3.1.3
Follow Up Phase
Participants will be followed for an additional 14 days after study drug administration. All 
participation in the study should be complete by day 50 after enrollment. 
3.1.4
Allocation to Interventional Group 
Imatinib dose allocation will occur in an ascending manner, with safety evaluations before 
proceeding to the next higher dose as described in Section 3.1.2. 
3.2
 Study Endpoints 
3.2.1
Primary Study Endpoints

The primary endpoint is the change in the number of myelomonocytic cells in the 
blood between baseline and day 14 of imatinib (imatinib alone).

The primary safety endpoint will be grade 3 or 4 events and SAEs. All AEs 
regardeless of grade will be recorded and monitored. Safety will be primarily 
determined by the percent of participants on study who experience a grade 3 or 4 AE 
or a serious adverse event (SAE) that are considered related to the study drug. An 
SAE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence that meets any of the following 
criteria: 

Results in death, or is life-threatening

Results in participant hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization

Results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity

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Other medically important conditions will also be assessed. These conditions include 
important medical events that may not be immediately life-threatening or result in 
death or hospitalization but may jeopardize the participant or may require intervention 
to prevent one of the outcomes listed in the definition above.
3.2.2
Secondary Study Endpoints

Evaluation of the PK parameters.

Additional research endpoints related to immunologic effects will include measures of 
cellular immune function and biomarkers of immune activation circulating in blood and 
expressed on the surface of T cells and monocytes. 

Secondary efficacy analyses will determine 1) the difference between the change in the 
numbers of myelomonocytic cells from baseline to day 14; 2) the relationship between 
imatinib exposures and change in the numbers of myelomonocytic cells during the 
imatinib-exposed periods; and 3) the relationship between imatinib dose and blood 
levels and the BCG-killing activity of day 14 leukocytes in the WBA . 

Finally, as exploratory analyses, we will evaluate the proteomic and transcriptomic 
changes associated with imatinib.
4
Study Population and Duration of Participation 
4.1
Inclusion Criteria

Adult age > 18 years & < 55 years

Body mass index (BMI) >18.5 kg/m2

At least 8 years formal education, with appropriate reading and comprehension skills

Able and willing to provide written informed consent 

Males must agree to using contraception during the study and for 2 weeks after the 
last dose of study drug.

If a female participant is of reproductive potential, the participant (and her partner) must 
agree to use of one of the following combinations of birth control during the study and 
for 2 weeks after the last dose of study drug (or tubal ligation as a single method): 
1) Use of a double-barrier method of contraception: condoms (male or female) and a 
diaphragm or cervical cap with spermicide; 
2) Use of an IUD (hormonal or non-hormonal) and a barrier method: condoms (male or 
female, with or without spermicide) or a diaphragm or cervical cap with spermicide; 


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3) Use of hormone-based contraceptives (pill, patch, implant, ring, or injectable) and a 
barrier method: condoms (male or female, with or without spermicide) or a diaphragm 
or cervical cap with spermicide;
4) Tubal ligation. 
Women who are post-menopausal, defined as age greater than 45 and no menses for 
at least 1 year, or who have had a hysterectomy, are considered not of reproductive 
potential.  
4.2
Exclusion Criteria

Current or imminent treatment for significant infection

Pregnant or breastfeeding

HIV positive status as determined by an FDA-approved HIV assay

Hepatitis B infection, as determined by an FDA-approved hepatitis B surface antigen 
assay

Hepatitis C infection, as determined by an FDA-approved positive Hepatitis C 
antibody assay

Known infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)

History of allergy or hypersensitivity to imatinib.

History of enrollment in other clinical trials with investigational agents within 8 weeks

Cardiac arrhythmia requiring medication, or any clinically significant ECG abnormality

Exam consistent with congestive heart failure (e.g., edema)

Random blood glucose >140 mg/dL or history of unstable diabetes mellitus requiring 
hospitalization for hyper or hypoglycemia within the past year prior to start of 
screening

Use of systemic corticosteroids within the past 28 days

Any of the following readings from a complete blood count that fall outside the normal 
ranges as listed here:
White blood cell count: 3.4 10E3/mclL – 11 10E3/mcL
Hemoglobin: Female- 11.1 – 16.7 gm/dL, Male- 12.5 – 16.5 gm/dL
Platelet count: 150-400 10E3/mcL
Absolute neutrophil count: Female- 0.91-5.53 10E3/mcL, Male- 0.67-6.4110E3/mcL
Absolute lympyocyte count: Female- 0.65-3.05 10E3/mcL, Male- 0.72-3.29 10E3/mcL

Any of the following chemistry panel and liver function test readings that fall outside 
the normal ranges as listed here:
Serum potassium: 3.5-5.4 mmol/L
ALP: 34 – 104 unit/L
ALT: 4 - 52 unit/L


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AST: 13 - 39 unit/L
Total Bilirubin: 0.2 - 1.0 mg/dL
Creatinine: Female- 0.60-1.32 mg/dL, Male- 0.7-1.3 mg/dL

Cirrhosis of the liver, or any known active or chronic liver disease 

Current or past alcohol or elicit/recreational drug use, which in the expert judgment of 
the Investigator, will interfere with the participant’s ability to comply with the protocol 
requirements. 

Any experimental medications for < 8 weeks prior to screening or anticipated use 
during the trial

Current (within 30 days prior to the first dose of study drug) or anticipated use of 
antimetabolites; alkylating agents; or other drugs or herbal preparations (including St. 
John’s wort), known to affect activity of the CYP3A4 enzyme pathway

Consumption of grapefruit, grapefruit juice, or grapefruit-related citrus fruits (e.g., 
pomelos) within 7 days before assessment for eligibility

Unwilling to avoid grapefruit or grapefruit-related citrus fruits/pomelo during the 
course of the study

Unwilling to avoid alcohol for the duration of the study

Unwilling to abstain from taking acetaminophen-containing medications during the 28-
day study drug dosing period, due to increased risk of liver toxicity

History of major medical disorders including metabolic, endocrine, hypothyroid, 
hepatic, renal, hematologic, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, autoimmune or 
cardiovascular disorders

Uncontrolled hypertension (persistent measurements at or above 150/100)

Participants who are, in the opinion of the Investigator, unable to comply with the 
dosing schedule and protocol evaluations

Diarrhea defined as > 4 stools per day

Active involvement (by the participant or the participant’s partner) in In Vitro 
Fertilization or another assisted reproductive technology procedure

Emory students currently enrolled in a course taught by the PI or a Co-Investigator

Emory employees currently working under supervision of the PI or a Co-Investigator
4.3
Participant Recruitment 
Advertisements will be developed with basic information and a phone contact for interested 
persons. These will be posted with appropriate permissions on the Emory University campus 
and at Emory Healthcare primary care facilities. For potential volunteers who pass basic 
screening questions during the phone call (age, major comorbidities), a formal screening visit at 
the GCRC unit will be arranged.


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4.4
Duration of Study Participation
The duration of study participation will be up to 50 days, to account for up to 8 days of screening 
and 42 days of follow-up. 
4.5
Total Number of Participants
Recruitment will end when 48 evaluable participants are enrolled, including 16 enrolled in the 
last version of the protocol and 32 enrolled in this version. It is expected that approximately 52-
60 participants may need to be enrolled in order to result in 48 evaluable participants. 
4.6
Vulnerable Populations 
Children, pregnant women, fetuses, neonates, or prisoners are not included in this research 
study.
5
Study Drug
5.1
Description
Imatinib: Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is approved by multiple regulatory 
agencies for the treatment of several malignancies, including Philadelphia chromosome positive 
chronic myelogenous leukemia (Ph+ CML), at adult doses of 400-800 mg/day. The drug has a 
well-defined safety profile. It is well absorbed after oral administration, with a t½ of 15 hr in 
normal participants, supporting once daily dosing. Doses of 400 mg/d produce mean plasma 
concentrations of approximately 1.1 mg/ml (9). The doses that we will study achieve 
concentrations shown in Figure 3. Imatinib is both a substrate for and an inhibitor of CYP3A4; it 
is however unclear if this is dose-dependent. In CML its primary target is BCR-Abl, a strongly 
expressed fusion protein with tyrosine kinase activity that results from the 9:22 chromosomal 
translocation. Inhibition of BCR-Abl in CML by imatinib arrests myeloid cell proliferation and 
restores normal apoptosis. In this amended protocol we will use imatinib mesylate at 100, 200, 
and 400 mg orally daily. Imatinib is supplied as 100 mg tablets. 
Please refer to the Package Insert for additional information on the study medication. Imatinib 
will be obtained from Apotex.  
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=0291eca5-7a1d-4a79-30be-
252224d96509&type=display
5.2
Intervention Regimen
See description of the study design in Section 3.1 above.  


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5.3
Study Product Acquisition/Distribution 
Imatinib (Apotex) will be supplied through the study and will be made available through the 
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Clinical Research Products 
Management Center (CRPMC). The site pharmacist can obtain the study products for this 
protocol by following the instructions in the manual Pharmacy Guidelines and Instructions for 
DAIDS Clinical Trials Networks in the section Study Product Management Responsibilities. 
Upon receipt of the drug the quantity and expiration dates will be verified to assure quantity and 
quality.
5.4
Study Product Accountability
The site pharmacist is required to maintain complete records of all study products received from 
the NIAID CRPMC and subsequently dispensed. All unused study products must be returned to 
the NIAID CRPMC (or as otherwise directed) after the study is completed or terminated. The 
procedures to be followed are provided in the manual Pharmacy Guidelines and Instructions for 
DAIDS Clinical Trials Networks in the section Study Product Management Responsibilities.
5.5
Storage
We will store imatinib tablets at 25°C (77°F) at currently available research pharmacies in 
Emory; excursions will be permitted to 15°C-30°C (59°F-86°F) as per the package insert. We 
will protect tablets from moisture. 
5.6
Preparation and Packaging
The clinical trials pharmacist will prepare treatment courses using pill containers and 
instructions necessary to achieve the desired doses.  
5.7
Blinding
This is an open-label study, and is not blinded in terms of participant assignment to study arms. 
5.8
Administration and Accountability   
A study nurse will watch participants take their assigned medication doses on days when they 
attend a study visit. Pill containers will be filled by the research pharmacists to provide 
participants with easy dosing on non-study days. Product reconciliation will be conducted on a 
regular basis and will include information on product administration, such as: date administered, 
amount administered and to which participants, product remaining, product damaged/destroyed 
and date of damage/destruction, product returned and date of return, etc. A standard form will 
be utilized to document this information throughout the study period. 


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5.9
Participant Compliance Monitoring
Participant compliance will be assessed by observing therapy on study visit days and by 
participant self-report and pill count during intervals between visits. Adherence will be tracked by 
noting whether the participant received/took the correct dose of the product using the above 
methods. The protocol adherence for each participant can be quantified for the 28-day dosing 
period using pill counts, using the formula #doses taken divided by number of prescribed days 
for an interval, x 100 (to get a percent adherence). Acceptable protocol-compliance is defined 
as taking >85% of all doses of study drugs and completed visits to day 28. All participants taking 
at least one dose of the study drug and who do not withdraw consent will be followed for the full 
42-day period.
5.9.1
Return or Destruction of Investigational Product
The clinical trials pharmacists will complete a final reconciliation of the study drug after the last 
participant completes their last study visit.  The trials pharmacist will investigate any 
discrepancies in drug supply. Drug remaining at the end of the study period will be disposed.
6
Study Procedures
6.1
Screening 
Screening will include:

Informed Consent 

Medical History and Medical Record Review

Review of Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

HIV testing for those who do not report being HIV-infected

HBV and HCV testing

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

ECG

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Height

Visual acuity test using Snellen chart

Urinalysis

Urine collection for evaluation of drug metabolites 

Pregnancy Test

Review of Medications

Clinical Laboratory Assessment (blood sample) for complete blood count, manual 
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Table 1: Schedule of Study Procedures 
Study Phase
Screening
Imatinib dosing
Post-Treatment 
Follow-Up
Visit Number
1
2
3
4
5*
6
7
8
Study Days
-8 to 0
1
3
7
14
15
21
28
42
Informed Consent
X
Inclusion/Exclusion 
Criteria
X
Enrollment (all 
participants)
X
HIV, HCV, HBV testing
X
Medical History and 
Record Review
X
X
X
X
X
Physical Assessment, 
Weight & Symptoms
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Visual Acuity/Snellen 
Chart
X
X
X
X
Vital Signs: BP, HR, 
RR, Temperature
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Height 
X
Pregnancy Test
X
X
X
X
X
Medication Review
X
X
X
X
X
ECG
X
X
X
X
X
Clinical Laboratory 
Evaluation **
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dispense study drug
X
PK study
X
X
Research Blood for 
immune cell subset 
analysis
X
X
X
X
X
X
Research Blood for 
RNA isolation
X
X
X
WBA
X
X
Urinalysis and urine 
storage
X
X
X
Adverse Event Review / 
Unanticipated Problems 
Assessment
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Total blood draw 
volume
20ml
30ml
25ml
55ml
5ml
25ml
28ml
25ml
*A brief day 15 visit is required to collect 24-hour post dose blood required for the day 14 PK study. 
** Complete blood count, manual differential, serum chemistries including liver function tests and serum creatinine.
BP=Blood pressure; HR=heart rate; RR=respiratory rate; ECG=echocardiogram; PK=pharmacokinetic


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6.2
Study Interventions 
At the time of this protocol amendment, Emory University Hospital and the GCRC are no longer 
requiring clinical trials to screen participants for COVID-19 symptoms. Therefore, we have 
removed sections pertaining to these screening procedures. However, development of COVID-
19 will result in study discontinuation as in Section 6.4. If routine COVID-19 screening becomes 
necessary again in the future, we will comply with EUH and GCRC requirements. 
6.2.1
Visit 1 (Baseline, Day 1) 
The baseline visit will occur within 8 days of screening. Procedures to be completed at the 
baseline visit include: 

Medical History and Medical Record Review

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Pregnancy Test

Review of Medications

Clinical Laboratory Assessment (blood sample) for complete blood count, manual 
differential, serum chemistries including liver function tests and serum creatinine

Research Blood Collection including blood collection directly into RNA protection tubes 
for RNA sequencing. 

Study Medication Dispensation

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review

WBA
6.2.2
Visit 2 (Day 3)
This is a brief study visit for symptom check and vital signs. There is a 1-day visit window after 
day 3 for this visit (Day 3 or 4). 

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review
6.2.3
Visit 3 (Day 7)
This is a full study visit. There is a 3-day window for this visit (Day 6, 7, or 8). 

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation


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
Visual acuity test using Snellen chart

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Clinical Laboratory Assessment (blood sample) for complete blood count, manual 
differential, serum chemistries including liver function tests and serum creatinine

Research Blood Collection 

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review
6.2.4
Visit 4 (Day 14)
This is a full study visit including PK. There is no study visit window for this visit. 

Medical History and Medical Record Review

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Pregnancy Test

Review of Medications

ECG

Clinical Laboratory Assessment (blood sample) for complete blood count, manual 
differential, serum chemistries including liver function tests and serum creatinine

Research Blood Collection including blood collection directly into RNA protection tubes 
for RNA sequencing

PK study comprising blood samples taken at 6 time points over approximately 24 hours. 
Samples will be collected at 0h (pre-dose), 0.5 hrs (+/- 5 min), 2 hrs (+/- 10 min), 4.0 hrs 
(+/- 10 min), 8.0 hrs (+/- 10 min), and 24 hrs (+/- 10 min). These sampling times were 
identified based on optimal sampling theory, using the SAMPLE program of ADAPT, and 
also taking into account collection on a realistic schedule for healthy volunteer 
participants. Of note, participants will go home after the 8 hour time-point and will return 
the next day (day 15) for a 24 hour blood draw that is required to determine trough drug 
levels.

Urine collection for evaluation of drug metabolites

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review

WBA sample collection at 0h (pre-dose), 0.5 hrs (+/- 5 min), 2 hrs (+/- 10 min), 4.0 hrs 
(+/- 10 min).


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6.2.5
Visit 5 (Day 15)
This is a brief visit required for collection of the 24-hour blood sample for the PK study. There is 
no study visit window for this visit as it must occur the day after Visit 4.  

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review

PK assessment (one blood draw) at 24 hours after the previous day’s study medication 
doses.
6.2.6
Visit 6 (Day 21)
This is a full study visit. There is a 3-day window for this visit (Day 20, 21, or 22). 

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Visual acuity test using Snellen chart

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

ECG

Clinical Laboratory Assessment (blood sample) for complete blood count, manual 
differential, serum chemistries including liver function tests and serum creatinine

Research Blood Collection 

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review
6.2.7
Visit 7 (Day 28)
This is a full study visit. This is the last day of medication administration. There is no study visit 
window for this visit as it must occur on the last day of drug administration. 

Medical History and Medical Record Review

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Pregnancy Test

Review of Medications

ECG


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
Clinical Laboratory Assessment (blood sample) for complete blood count, manual 
differential, serum chemistries including liver function tests and serum creatinine

Research Blood Collection including blood collection directly into RNA protection tubes 
for RNA sequencing

Urine collection for evaluation of drug metabolites

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review
6.2.8
Visit 8 (Day 42)
This is a post-drug follow-up visit and the final study visit. There is a 5-day window for this visit 
(Day 40, 41, 42, 43, 44). Participants will be debriefed at this visit and will be told when they can 
obtain results of the study from the investigators. 

Medical History and Medical Record Review

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Visual acuity test using Snellen chart

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Pregnancy Test

Review of Medications

ECG

Clinical Laboratory Assessment (blood sample) for complete blood count, manual 
differential, serum chemistries including liver function tests and serum creatinine

Research Blood Collection 

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review
6.3
Unscheduled Visits and Tele-Medicine Visits
Visits occurring outside the visit windows will be considered unscheduled visits. At a minimum 
vital signs and medical history will be reviewed at these visits, in addition to recording, grading 
and reporting (as necessary) any adverse events. Any necessary clinical monitoring including 
physical exam and laboratory evaluation will also be done as necessary. 
Some study visits may be conducted by tele-medicine, in place of in-person visits, if the visits 
are amenable to this format.


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6.4
Participant Withdrawal and Discontinuation
Participants may withdraw from the study at any time without impact to their care.  They may 
also be discontinued from the study at the discretion of the Investigator. Specific criteria for 
Permanent and Premature Treatment Discontinuation include the following:  

Positive SARS-CoV-2 antigen or PCR test

Any 
documented 
serious 
viral 
or 
bacterial 
infection 
(COVID-19, 
influenza, 
cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, strep throat, etc.)

Any infection that requires treatment or is associated with significant symptons (fever, 
shortness of breath, muscle aches, headache) 

Failure by the participant to attend 3 consecutive study visits and/or failure to comply with 
2 or more doses of study drugs

Protocol-defined drug-related toxicity of grade 3 or higher

Requirement for prohibited concomitant medications

Pregnancy or breast-feeding

Request by participant to terminate treatment

Clinical reasons believed life threatening by the physician, even if not addressed in the 
toxicity section of the protocol
It will be documented whether or not each participant completes the clinical study. Participants 
who withdraw early, if willing, will have one final visit to collect investigational product and to 
follow up regarding adverse events. Participants may also be discontinued from the study for 
the following reasons: 

Request by the participant to withdraw

Request of the primary care provider if she or he thinks the study is no longer in the best 
interest of the participant

Participant judged by the investigator to be at significant risk of failing to comply with the 
provisions of the protocol as to cause harm to self or seriously interfere with the validity 
of the study results

At the discretion of the study supporter (NIH/NIAID/DAIDS), the IRB/Ethics Committee, 
Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP), 
or other government agencies.


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6.4.1
Data Collection and Follow-up for Withdrawn Participants
Participants who withdraw consent to participate in the study will be seen for one final visit if 
willing. During this visit they will be asked for permission to assess any possible AEs and will 
have a chance to debrief with study personnel.   
6.5
Early Termination Visits  
If a participant decides to leave the study early or is asked to leave by the investigator, a final 
close out visit will be performed if the participant is willing and the participant will be given a 
chance to debrief with the study team. The following will be done at the time of the early 
termination visits if the participant allows:

Medical History and Medical Record Review

Physical Exam, Weight, and Symptoms evaluation

Vital Signs (HR, RR, BP, Temp)

Pregnancy Test

Review of Medications

ECG

Clinical Laboratory Assessment (blood sample) for complete blood count with manual 
differential, serum chemistries including liver function tests and serum creatinine

Research Blood Collection including blood collection directly into RNA protection tubes 
for RNA sequencing

Assessment for Adverse Effects/Unanticipated Problem Review
7
Study Evaluations and Measurements 
Standard, validated tests and test instruments are not described. 
7.1
Medical Record Review
The following variables will be abstracted from the medical chart (paper or electronic) or from 
the screening history and physical. 

Date of birth

Sociodemographics

Height

Weight

Any history of disease and dates of diagnosis and treatment

Current or previous medication use


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7.2
History and Physical Examination and ECG
Age, gender and race will be recorded. Participants will be screened for any signs of active 
infections or disease. A brief physical exam and a 12 lead ECG will be performed. 
7.3
Vital Signs
Vital signs including BP, HR, RR, and temp will be determined in the sitting position using a 
Welch Allyn portable vital sign monitor (or equivalent device).  
7.4
Laboratory Evaluations
Clinical blood sampling will be performed for the following laboratory evaluations:

Hematology (hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, white blood cell count with manual 
differential)

Liver Function 

Creatinine and electrolytes
7.5
Pregnancy Testing
A urine pregnancy test will be performed at the specified time points for all female participants of 
reproductive potential. 
7.6
Efficacy Evaluations
7.6.1
Change from baseline in the absolute numbers of circulating myeloid blood 
cells and other immune parameters
Previous pre-clinical studies have shown that imatinib maximally reduces mycobacterial load in 
mice when administered at 66mg/kg/d, whereas both higher and lower doses proved much less 
effective (10). At this dose, imatinib causes sustained increases in the numbers of circulating 
PMNs and MNs (Figure 1) (2). Myelopoietic and antimycobacterial effects were directly 
correlated over a wide range of imatinib doses. Change from baseline in numbers of blood PMN 
and MN will potentially serve as an efficacy endpoint in future phase 2 trials. Additional immune 
parameters, such as cellular immune function, markers of immune activation, and function of 
circulating myeloid cells will be evaluated. 
The peripheral white blood cell (WBC) count and manual differential report on the number and 
percentages of different cell types in blood. To determine the differential, a drop of blood is 
thinly spread over a glass slide, air dried, and stained with a Romanofsky stain, most commonly 


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using the May-Grunewald-Giemsa technique. Two hundred cells are then counted and 
classified. Machines have been developed to perform automated differential counts, but they 
are still inferior to manual techniques as far as reliability. The following subsets of leukocytes, 
as reported in the manual differential, would constitute the myeloid cells in blood; the absolute 
number of each subset can be determined by multiplying the percentage by the total leukocyte 
count (in the WBC count):

SEGS (POLY) %

BANDS %

METAS %

MYELOS %

PROMYELOS %
The percentage and absolute numbers of Monocytes, Eosinsophils, Basophils, and Lymphcytes 
will be separately enumerated and recorded.
7.6.2      Whole blood bactericidal activity (WBA)
The protocol will use the WBA assay to confirm the infection-clearing potential of white blood 
cells before and after imatinib dosing. WBA is a candidate biomarker for assessment of 
protective antimycobacterial immunity and chemotherapy. Cultures consist of equal 300 µL 
volumes of heparinized blood and tissue culture medium, to which BCG is added. Of note this 
test can be used in participants, such as those enrolled here, who do not have TB disease. 
Essentially all bacilli are quickly ingested by PMN and mononuclear cells. After 4 days 
incubation, bacilli are recovered, and the extent of growth or killing determined by inoculation 
into the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) system and monitoring time to positivity. 
Cell numbers and drug concentrations in whole blood cultures reflect those in vivo at the time of 
phlebotomy. Immune control of intracellular mycobacterial growth in whole blood culture is 
inferior in TST-negative persons and in young children, is enhanced by vitamin D and by 
primary but not secondary BCG vaccination, is impaired by chemokine receptor or TNF 
blockade, T cell depletion or HIV infection, and is restored by antiretroviral therapy (16-27). 
WBA during TB treatment is superior in the intensive vs continuation phase, is superior for 
standard vs MDR regimens, and correlates with 2 month culture status (28-31). WBA will be 
measured prior to imatinib dosing (day 1, baseline) and at day 14 of imatinib dosing. 
Measurement of WBA has accelerated the development of new TB drugs and vaccines (Figure 


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4) (32-35). The WBA experiments will help us understand the relationships between increases 
in myeloid cell numbers and Mtb killing capacity and will help inform dose selection in a 
subsequent Phase 2 trial in participants with TB. 
hours
0
6
12
18
24
log
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.0
600 BID 
1200 QD 
HREZ 
day
0
60
120
180
log/d
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
BCG Tice
rBCG 422
*
*
*P<.02 vs. baseline
Wilcoxon matched pairs
shading indicates SEM
Figure 4.  WBA of novel TB drugs (sutezolid, left) (36) and vaccines (rBCG 422, right) (35). 
7.6.3      RNA sequencing
RNA sequencing will be performed using protocols described in our prior publications (37, 38), 
which we have also used for RNA sequencing of human and macaque TB lungs, as well as 
blood, at Emory.  This test will be correlated with myelopoiesis, autophagy, adverse events, and 
drug concentrations, using such machine learning methods such as Random Forests, LASSO 
and MARS, described in our prior work (39, 40). This will be used to identify biomarkers and 
RNA signatures that can predict (i) response, (ii) adverse events, and (iii) drug-drug interactions 
in later clinical trials. 
7.7
Safety Evaluations
CBCs, serum chemistries, symptoms, signs, and ECGs will be monitored for all participants 
during the study as described in the schedule of events. 
8
Sample Size Justification and Analysis Methods
8.1
Sample Size Justification and Statistical Analysis
The primary objectives are to determine the effect of imatinib on the numbers of 
myelomonocytic cells in the blood, assessed as the change between baseline and day 14 of 


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imatinib only administration. Secondary objectives include analysis of PK measurements, 
bacterial killing, proteomic evaluations, and immune function evaluations. We will enroll a total 
of 48 evaluable participants total, 12 across 4 doses of imatinib (50, 100, 200 and 400mg). 12 
participants were already enrolled at the 50 mg dose, and 4 at the 100mg dose in the previous 
version of the protocol. 
With 12 participants per dosage arm (N=48), we will have 80% power to reject the null 
hypothesis of no change versus the alternative hypothesis that imatinib induces an increase in 
the absolute numbers of myelomonocytic cells per uL of blood that is at least 0.41 of the 
standard deviation (SD) of the change for the cohort overall and 90% power to detect a 0.48 
SD. Our primary analysis will use a linear mixed model that pools data from all time points, thus 
we anticipate having more power by leveraging the within-person correlation between 
indivduals.
There is a chance that participants will not be enrolled on all doses. Given what is known about 
the safety profile of imatinib, we anticipate that at least one dose will be fully enrolled. By the 
same rationale above, we will have 80% (90%) power to detect an increase of at least 0.89 
(1.03) of a SD of the mean number of myelomonocytic cells in a specific dosage strata (using 12 
per stratum). We will also have sufficient power to detect differences in effects induced by 
different doses. For example, comparing dose groups with a two-sample t-test, with 12 
participants per dosage stratum, we would have 80% power to detect a 2.3 x10^3 cells/uL 
difference between two arms in the change from baseline in the myelomoncytic cell count 
assuming a SD similar to that seen in a recent macaque study. In a preclinical study of imatinib 
in Mtb-infected antibiotic-treated treated macaques, the mean number of myelomonocytic cells 
increased from 1.47±0.96 in controls to 3.78±1.89 in imatinib treated animals, with a mean 
difference of 2.31 (all values indicate thousands of cells/uL). Thus we are adequately powered 
to detect dose-specific differences on the order of what was seen in the macaques. Further, in a 
supportive analysis, we will also pool the arms in order to borrow strength across the doses to fit 
a dose-response curve. 
Myelopoiesis will be determined by estimating the absolute number of myelomonocytic cells per 
uL of blood using the WBC and a manual differential, as noted above. We hypothesize that, on 


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average, increases in myelopoiesis will occur (and the 95% CI for the change in myelopoiesis 
over time will exclude 0).
The same mixed model can be used for the analyses of all primary and secondary endpoints 
where data from all arms and time points are put into one model for the myelopoiesis count 
outcome. This approach should generally be a more powerful approach than the paired t-test for 
the change from baseline, as it is leveraging the within person correlation at all time points. 
Notation: Note that day 28 terms, not shown here, can also be included similarly for those with 
28-day imatinib only dosing.
Let Yij represent the cell count for individual I at time j, where j=day 0,14.
Thus, Yi0= count at baseline, Yi14 = count at day 14 for individual i. 
Similarly, let t14ij = day14 indicator and dosekij  = dose  k indicator for individual i, time j, where 
k=2,3,4. Let ri be the random intercept term for person i and let errorij be the mean 0 
independent error term for person i at time j.
Yij = b0 + b1 t14ij+ b2 t14ij*dose2ij + b3 t14ij*dose3ij + b4 t14ij*dose4ij +ri + errorij
b0 = baseline myeolopoeis
b1 = day14 change from baseline for dose 1
b2 = difference between dose 2 and dose1 day14 change from baseline 
b3 = difference between dose 3 and dose1 day14 change from baseline 
b4 = difference between dose 4 and dose1 day14 change from baseline
(4 b1+b2+b3+b4)/4 is the average Day 14 change from baseline pooled across the 4 doses in, 
i.e. the primary endpoint 
 b2 – b3 is the between dose difference in the day14 change from baseline for dose 2 and 3; 
similar comparisons can be for each distinct pair of doses for day14 change from baseline.  
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We will estimate proportion of clinical and laboratory adverse events, along with 95% exact 
Clopper-Pearson CI. AE rates will be summarized separately by dose and then overall. All 
participants who take at least 1 dose will be included in assessments of safety. 
8.1.1
Pharmacokinetic Analysis
Frozen plasma samples will be shipped on dry ice in batches to the laboratory of Dr. Charles 
Peloquin at the University of Florida in Gainesville for PK analyses 
The main PK objective is:
To assess imatinib PK and the relationship between PK and PD effects (immunologic 
and bacillary killing in WBA). 
Within this main PK objective, specific PK analyses will aim to:
1.
Identify pharmacokinetic parameter estimates, and concentration-time profiles of imatinib 
doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg in healthy volunteers. Imatinib PK data was already 
obtained for 12 participants at the 50mg dose, and 4 at the 100mg dose in the previous 
version of the protocol.
2.
Identify the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic exposure-effect relationship between 
imatinib AUC or peak or trough and i) the change in the numbers of myelomonocytic 
cells in the blood between baseline and days 14 of therapy and ii) WBA.  
We will first evaluate the robustness of our sampling strategy. The percentage of imatinib 
concentrations measured that are below the limits of quantification in any of the participants at 
any of the time points identified by D-optimality will be calculated. A result of 0% indicates that 
the optimal sampling strategy derived from sampling theory was likely to be optimal. Next, we 
will analyze all imatinib concentrations using ADAPT software of D’Argenio et al utilizing a 
compartmental PK analysis approach (41, 42). ADAPT software was developed using NIH 
funding, is open source, and has validated performance metrics, ensuring accuracy and 
robustness of findings from this software. We do not assume a priori how many compartments 
the imatinib PK model has; indeed some studies have described it as a one compartment model 
drug while others have found it is a two compartment model drug (8, 13, 43). We will examine 
one-, two-, and three-compartment models with first-order input and elimination. Estimation of 


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PK parameters will be based on the MLEM algorithm in ADAPT, as described above. The best 
number of compartments will then be chosen by comparing Akaike's information criteria, 
Bayesian information criteria, and −2 negative log likelihood scores for each model; we also 
apply the rules of parsimony. Goodness of fit is evaluated by examining the predicted/observed 
plots prior to- and after- the Bayesian step. Potential problems by concentration are sought by 
examining run-of-sine plots. Measures of Bias (mean error and weighted mean error) will be 
examined, as well as measures of Precision (mean squared error, weighted mean squared 
error, Bias-adjusted mean squared error and Bias-adjusted mean weighted squared error). The 
mean pharmacokinetic parameters, mainly volume of central compartment and clearance will be 
calculated for each participant, and utilized to calculate the half-life, peak concentration, the 0-
24h area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-24/MIC) and the percentage of time that 
concentration persists in either the concentration zone associated with autophagy or 
myelopoiesis for each participant. Urine will be collected, frozen and stored for possible 
assessment of drug metabolites at the time of the PK studies. 
The differences in clearance and volume (hence AUC and peak concentration) will be driven by 
the interindividual variability (IIV) and doses given. There will be 12 participants for each 
imatinib dose group who complete the PK studies (evaluable for PK data). With a population of 
12 per group, for 4 dose groups, the power in detecting a 25% difference in clearance (which 
drives the AUC), given the IIV, is 90%. 
8.1.1.1. Drug-drug pharmacokinetic interactions
* While DDIs between imatinib, isoniazid, and rifabutin are no longer a focus of the study, the 
following language has been left in the protocol as these associations may be analyzed in 
participants enrolled in the previous protocol in the 50 and 100mg arms. We have recently 
introduced machine learning or artificial intelligence (AI) based algorithms to pharmacometrics 
to identify PK covariates, including genotypic, demographic, clinical, laboratory features, and 
concomitant medications (44, 45). We will examine the effect of rifabutin and isoniazid PK 
parameters, demographic features, laboratory values, and RNA-seq signatures, in each 
participant, on imatinib PK parameters and variability, and hence identify the DDIs if present. 
We will compare baseline pre-treatment blood samples with those taken after imatinib alone or 
after imatinib plus isoniazid and rifabutin. This will be performed using Salford Miner software. 


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Moreover, algorithms such as MARS give a final output equation of the covariates which can be 
directly used to identify the optimal dose for use in the case that DDI are identified.   
8.1.1.2. PK-PD interactions: myelopoiesis and immunologic response
* While DDIs between imatinib, isoniazid, and rifabutin are no longer a focus of the study, the 
following language has been left in the protocol as these associations may be analyzed in 
participants enrolled in the previous protocol in the 50 and 100mg arms. We have also 
extensively used AI methods these methods to identify drug threshold concentrations 
associated with adverse events, and drug concentration thresholds associated with good 
microbial and clinical outcomes (46), (38, 39, 47), (48, 49), (50), (40). These methods are more 
accurate than mixed effects modeling, require smaller sample sizes, and are designed to handle 
both deep and wide data. We will examine the effect imatinib, and the effect of rifabutin and 
isoniazid PK parameters on imatinib immunological response. We will identify the imatinib 
concentration threshold associated with optimal hematopoiesis alone and in the presence of the 
anti-TB drugs rifabutin and isoniazid, using the MARS algorithm in Salford Miner software. 
Similarly, we will use the same approach to identifier predictors and imatinib concentrations 
associated with any adverse events. 
8.1.1.3.  PK-PD interactions: adverse events
* While DDIs between imatinib, isoniazid, and rifabutin are no longer a focus of the study, the 
following language has been left in the protocol as these associations may be analyzed in 
participants enrolled in the previous protocol in the 50 and 100mg arms. The AI algorithm MARS 
will be used to identify predictors of imatinib, rifabutin, and isoniazid concentrations associated 
with any of these adverse events, following our methods in Modongo et al (50). Outcomes 
examined in relation to imatinib, isoniazid, or rifabutin concentrations will be any participant-
reported adverse events, including diarrhea, ECG changes, changes in liver function tests, 
neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, changes in other serum chemistries, as well as other 
symptoms and signs. 
8.1.2
Interim Analysis 
Given imatinib is an FDA-approved drug with a known safety profile, we expect the doses used 
in this study to be well tolerated. After the first 6 participants in the 200mg dose group have 
completed the day 28 follow-up visit, the study team, the Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB), 


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the Independent Safety Monitor, and the Sponsor will evaluate the safety data and determine 
via email whether it is safe to proceed to enrolling in the 400mg dose group after the previous 
group is fully enrolled. Note that since 42-day follow-up is required for a participant that “counts” 
toward the 6 needed for follow-up safety analysis, if any of the first 6 participants in a dose 
group do not complete the study to day 42, we will need to include other participants who 
complete the day 42 visit in order to fulfill the requirement. 
8.1.3
Safety Analysis 
All participants entered into the study who take at least one dose of imatinib will have detailed 
information collected on AEs for the overall study safety analysis. An Independent Safety 
Monitor (ISM) will review individual and summary reports of AEs in real time as they occur, as 
well as scheduled formal review of AEs and clinical laboratory results on a weekly basis during 
the study. SAEs will be reported to the Investigator within 24 hours of awareness of occurrence 
and the Investigator will then assess the events and report them to the Sponsor (DAIDS), the 
FDA and to the Emory IRB as described in Section 9.4. All SAEs will be reported to DAIDS in an 
expedited fashion, within 3 days of occurrence, in accordance with DAIDS requirements.
8.2
Participant Population(s) for Analysis
All-treated population:  Any participants enrolled into the study who receive at least one dose of 
investigational product will be analyzed for myelopoiesis, safety, and other immune parameters. 
Protocol-compliant population: Effects of imatinib on myelopoiesis and other immunologic 
parameters will also be assessed specifically in those with acceptable protocol-compliance for 
evaluable data – participants who have taken >85% of all doses of study drug and completed 
visits to day 14. 
9
Safety and Adverse Events
9.1
Definitions
9.1.1
Adverse Event
An adverse event is any untoward medical occurrence associated with the use of a drug in 
humans whether or not considered drug related.
9.1.2
Serious Adverse Event
Serious Adverse Event


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Adverse events are classified as serious or non-serious.  A serious adverse event is any AE 
that: 

Is fatal

Is life-threatening

Requires or prolongs an inpatient hospital stay

Results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity

Is a congenital anomaly or birth defect

Is an important medical event
Important medical events are those that may not be immediately life threatening, but are clearly 
of major clinical significance. They may jeopardize the participant, and may require intervention 
to prevent one of the other serious outcomes noted above.  For example, drug overdose or 
abuse, a seizure that did not result in in-patient hospitalization, or intensive treatment of 
bronchospasm in an emergency department would typically be considered serious. 
All adverse events that do not meet any of the criteria for serious should be regarded as non-
serious adverse events. 
9.2
Recording and Grading of Adverse Events
At each contact with the participant during the study period, which includes every visit up to day 
42, the investigator will seek information on adverse events by specific questioning and, as 
appropriate, by examination.  Information on all adverse events will be recorded immediately in 
the source document, and also in the appropriate adverse event module of the case report form 
(CRF).  All clearly related signs, symptoms, and abnormal diagnostic procedures results will be 
recorded in the source document, and grouped under one diagnosis.
AEs will be graded using the FDA Guidance Document, “Toxicity Grading Scale for Healthy 
Adult and Adolescent Volunteers Enrolled in Preventive Vaccine Clinical Trials Guidance for 
Industry,” September 2007, except when the specific AEs are not represented in this document. 
In these cases, we will also use the DAIDS table for Grading the Severity of Adult and Pediatric 
Adverse Events, Corrected Version 2.1, July 2017, or the Common Terminology Criteria for 
Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 5.0, November 2017, as applicable. The clinical course of 
each event will be followed until resolution, stabilization, or until it has been determined that the 


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study intervention or participation is not the cause.  Serious adverse events that are still ongoing 
at the end of the study period will be followed up to determine the final outcome.  Any serious 
adverse event which we become aware of through a passive basis (participant reporting back to 
the study team, or through publicly available information), which occurs after the study period 
(after day 42) and is considered to be possibly related to the study intervention (suspected, 
unexpected serious adverse reactions, or SUSARs) or study participation will be recorded and 
reported immediately.
Note: Page 9 of the 2007 FDA Guidance Document describes two methods of AE grading for 
low hemoglobin. The first method is based on lab value ranges. The second is based on 
decreased readings compared to the subject’s baseline reading, with Grade 1 AE assigned for 
“Any decrease – 1.5” gm/dL change from baseline value. For purposes of this study, 
hemoglobin readings in this category will not be recorded as Grade 1 AEs. All other criteria for 
low hemoglobin AE, as described in the FDA document, remain in effect. If a hemoglobin 
reading is classified as AE using both methods of grading, only one AE will be reported (as the 
higher grade if different grades are obtained using the two methods). 
9.3
Relationship of AE to Study 
The relationship of each adverse event to the study procedures will be characterized. The PI will 
make this determination and will classify adverse events as related or unrelated. “Related” will 
mean that there is a reasonable possibility that the AE may be related to the study agent(s). 
“Not Related” will mean that there is not a reasonable possibility that the AE is related to the 
study agent(s). When a SAE is assessed as “not related” to study agent, an alternative etiology, 
diagnosis, or explanation for the SAE should be provided. If new information becomes available, 
the relationship assessment of any AE should be reviewed again and updated, as required. The 
study drug which a participant has taken will be assessed for relationship with the AE. 
9.4
Reporting of Serious Adverse Events, and Unanticipated Problems
The DAIDS-assigned Medical Monitors will be alerted to any new Grade 3 or Grade 4 AEs in 
real time via email. This is in addition to the formal AE reporting requirements below. 
Requirements, definitions and methods for expedited reporting of adverse events are outlined in 
Version 2.0 of the DAIDS EAE Manual, which is available on the DAIDS RSC website at 


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https://rsc.niaid.nih.gov/clinical-research-sites/manual-expedited-reporting-adverse-events-
daids. This study will use the SAE form of expedited adverse event reporting, as defined in 
Version 2.0 of the DAIDS EAE Manual. The study product for which expedited reporting is 
required is imatinib. The EAE reporting period for this study will be 42 days, which is the day of 
the final study visit. During these 42 days, all SAEs will be reported to DAIDS in an expedited 
fashion, within 3 days of occurrence, in accordance with DAIDS EAE Manual. The study drug a 
participant has taken (imatinib) will be assessed for relationship with the SAE. In addition to the 
SAE Reporting Category identified above, other AEs that must be reported to DAIDS in an 
expedited manner are: 

Any gastrointestinal or liver toxicity of grade 3 or higher 

Any uveitis of grade 2 or higher 

Episodes of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, syncope, and seizure

Grade 3 or higher QTcF prolongation

Any Grade 4 event, including laboratory values

Heart failure of grade 3 or higher
After the protocol-defined EAE reporting period, unless otherwise noted, only SUSARs as 
defined in Version 2.0 of the DAIDS EAE Manual will be reported to DAIDS if the study staff 
become aware of the events on a passive basis (from publicly available information). Of note, 
although pregnancy is not an AE, all pregnancies that occur during the study will be reported to 
DAIDS given the teratogenic potential of imatinib. Any pregnancy occurring during the study will 
be followed to assess any negative outcomes resulting from exposure to the study drug. 
Reporting of pregnancies will not use the EAE system, but will be include a written clinical 
summary of the pregnancy including but not limited to the date discovered, any study or other 
medications taken during the pregnancy period, the expected due date, and eventual outcome. 
Pregnancies will be reported to DAIDS first within 7 business days after discovery, and monthly 
reports will follow until the end of the pregnancy period. 
The DAIDS Adverse Experience Reporting System (DAERS), an internet-based reporting 
system, must be used for EAE reporting to DAIDS. At least two staff members at the Emory site 
will have a combination of Reporter and Submitter rights to DAERS.  In the event of system 
outages or technical difficulties, EAEs may be submitted using the DAIDS EAE Form. This form 
is available on the DAIDS RSC website at 


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https://rsc.niaid.nih.gov/clinical-research-sites/paper-eae-reporting.
For questions about DAERS, please contact NIAID CRMS Support at 
CRMSSupport@niaid.nih.gov. Please note that site queries may also be sent from within the 
DAERS application itself. For questions about expedited reporting, please contact the DAIDS 
RSC Safety Office at (DAIDSRSCSafetyOffice@tech-res.com).
Written Investigational New Drug (IND) safety reports will be submitted to the FDA using FDA 
Form 3500A by DAIDS, for SUSARs within 15 calendar days of DAIDS determining that the 
information requires reporting. If the event is fatal or is deemed to be life threatening, the report 
will be made within 7 calendar days.  The Investigator will also make an assessment of whether 
the event constitutes an unanticipated problem posing risks to participants or others (UP). This 
assessment will be provided to the Emory University IRB and DAIDS, which, in turn, will make a 
final determination.  If the Emory IRB determines an event is a UP it will notify the appropriate 
regulatory agencies and institutional officials. 
The Investigator is responsible for reviewing all IND Action Letters, Safety Reports and any 
other safety related Investigator Notifications and determining the action to be taken (i.e. prompt 
reporting to the IRB, consent change/modification, routine reporting, etc).
Co-investigators and the Investigator must conform to the adverse event reporting timelines, 
formats and requirements of the various entities to which they are responsible. In narrative 
reports, the minimum necessary information to be provided at the time of the initial report 
includes:

Study identifier

Participant number

A description of the event

Date of onset

Current status

Whether study intervention was 
discontinued

The reason why the event is classified as 
serious

Investigator assessment of the association 
between the event and study intervention
9.4.1
Follow-up report
If an AE has not resolved at the time of the initial report and new information arises that 
changes the Investigator’s assessment of the event, a follow-up report including all relevant new 


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or reassessed information (e.g., concomitant medication, medical history) will be submitted to 
the IRB. The Investigator is responsible for ensuring that all AE are followed until either resolved 
or stable.   
9.5
Medical Monitoring and Toxicity Management
Martha Arellano, MD is a Professor of Hematology and Oncology with extensive experience 
administering imatinib to CML patients at Emory University Hospital.  She is certified by the 
American Board of Internal Medicine in Hematology. She will serve as the Independent Safety 
Monitor (ISM) for this study. Dr. Arellano’s role will be to help monitor the safety of participants 
and adjudicate adverse events that may be related to imatinib. She has 9 years of experience 
as principal and co-investigator on multi-institutional clinical trials including trials evaluating 
transplantation for adults with acute leukemia. These collaborations have led to peer reviewed 
publications in high impact journals, such as The Journal of Clinical Oncology, Cancer, and 
Lancet Oncology. Her strong background in clinical investigation and experience as member, 
and now as vice chair of the Winship Data and Safety Monitoring Committee, make her 
exceptionally qualified to serve as the Independent Safety Monitor for the trial. The monitor will 
attest to the absence of relevant conflicts of interest as defined by NIAID and will be approved 
by all relevant regulatory bodies prior to beginning the study. 
The ISM and the PI/co-PI will review safety data as enrollment progresses, assessing AE 
summaries in real-time and formally on a weekly basis for clinical significance and facilitating 
attribution to study medication (protocol Section 9.2 and Section 9.3). The ISM will provide 
information to the DSMB on frequency and severity of AEs.
For individual toxicity management, the PI will review all toxicity reports of grade 2 or higher in 
real time in order to decide on possible need for intervention or drug discontinuation. In general, 
a grade 2 AE thought to be related to a study drug that does not respond to non-pharmacologic 
intervention (e.g., salt restriction and elevation of legs for pedal edema) will lead to 
consideration for drug discontinuation, and any grade 3 or higher AE will cause discontinuation 
of study drug. Participants taken off study drug will be followed for safety if willing but will not 
participate in PK studies. 
For manual differential ALC and ANC lab values classified as Grade 3 - Grade 4 AEs, the study 
team will request that the Emory Medical Lab re-check the counts using the same specimen. 


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This will provide the needed confirmation of the low count, or indication that the first count was a 
lab error, allowing the team to make better informed action decisions. 
Plans for treatment of common side effects of imatinib are listed below, including symptom 
grading that warrants drug discontinuation. 
The following 4 side effects / AEs will be graded using the FDA Guidance Document, “Toxicity 
Grading Scale for Healthy Adult and Adolescent Volunteers Enrolled in Preventive Vaccine 
Clinical Trials Guidance for Industry,” September 2007.
Low blood counts: Monitor blood counts more frequently for grade 1-2 leukopenia, 
anemia or thrombocytopenia. Discontinue study drugs if grade 3 or higher.
Nausea and vomiting: Treat symptomatically with OTC medications for grade 1-2. 
Discontinue study drugs if grade 3 or higher.
Diarrhea. Treat symptomatically with OTC medications for grade 1-2. Discontinue study 
drugs if grade 3 or higher.
Fever: Treat symptomatically with OTC medications for grade 1-2. Discontinue study 
drugs if grade 3 or higher.
The following 3 side effects will be graded using the Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Table for Grading 
the Severity of Adult and Pediatric Adverse Events - Corrected Version 2.1, July 2017
Skin rash (skin reactions): Treat symptomatically with OTC medications for grade 1. 
Discontinue study drug if grade 2 or higher. 
Muscle cramps and bone pain. Treat symptomatically with OTC medications for grade 1. 
Discontinue study drug if grade 2 or higher. See “Pain (not associated with study agent 
injections and not specified elsewhere),” Page 21 of the DAIDS AE Grading Table.
Hemorrhage (bleeding problems): Grade 1, N/A. Discontinue study drug if grade 2 
symptoms or higher, or decrease in Hgb > 1.5 g. 
Edema is not listed in the FDA Guidance document or the DAIDS table, and will be graded 
using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 5.0, Nov 2017.
Edema (swelling of the face, feet, hands): Treat symptomatically with salt restriction and 
limb elevation if possible for grade 1-2. Discontinue study drug if grade 2 edema does 
not respond to non-pharmacologic treatment, or for higher grade edema. 
9.5.1
Study Progress and Safety Monitoring Plan 
The Division of AIDS guidance on study monitoring have been implemented to develop a 
protocol-specific Study Progress and Safety Monitoring Plan (SPSMP), which will be approved 


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in writing by the assigned DAIDS Medical Monitor/Medical Officer before trial initiation. Briefly, 
the ISM, DAIDS representative, and the PI/study team will review all reports at least monthly, 
with AE reports generated every 2 weeks. The following reports will be generated: 1) Accrual 
update, 2) Progress report, 3) Delinquency report, 4) Periodic summary adverse event report, 5) 
Baseline characteristics report, 6) Data completeness report, 7)  Outcomes summary report 
(completed, withdrew, etc), 8) Efficacy report (myelopoesis). The contents of the report will be 
as outlined in the DAIDS SPSMP protocol template, which can be found at: 
(https://www.niaid.nih.gov/sites/default/files/studydatamonitor_plan.pdf) and which has 
been used to create a study-specific SPSMP. The reports created for this process will be 
provided to DAIDS at the frequency of each review as specified in the SPSMP. The DSMB will 
receive these reports at the planned imatinib dose group 6- and 12- participant completion 
points as described in Section 3.1.2.
A DAIDS-appointed study monitoring team will provide oversight and monitoring for the conduct 
of this study.  This DAIDS-appointed team will conduct study-monitoring functions to ensure that 
the research produces high-quality scientific data in a manner consistent with good clinical 
practice (GCP) and appropriate regulations that govern clinical research. We expect that this 
trial will be risk classified by the scientific review committees as Moderate Risk, based on the 
history of use in healthy volunteers and the known adverse event profile and doses of the 
agents used. For studies deemed Moderate Risk, initial monitoring occurs within 1 year from the 
date of the first participant accrued, with 2 of the first 5 participants being reviewed. For this trial, 
this approach will apply to each imatinib dose cohort. The monitor(s) will review all aspects of 
the study, with a primary goal of assessment of participant safety, as well as compliance with 
the protocol, data collection, and risk-benefit ratio. Specifically, the monitor(s) assigned by 
DAIDS may verify informed consent, eligibility, data entry, accuracy and availability of source 
documents, AEs/SAEs, and essential regulatory documents. The monitor(s) will then prepare a 
final monitoring summary report. 
Dr. Waller and the investigators, the ISM, the clinical research coordinator and the regulatory 
affairs coordinator will meet at least monthly to review and discuss study data to ensure 
participant safety. During the meetings the PI or co-I will review the eligibility criteria for each 
new participant. In addition, during these meetings the group will review all adverse events, 
random checks of case report form completion and a roadmap for each participant on the trial. 


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All study personnel will be trained on the protocol by the PI or co-I. Study personnel will sign the 
training log prior to being included on delegation of authority log. All adverse events will be 
handled according to Section 9.4, which provides detailed instructions on reporting 
requirements.
The PI and the ISM will formally review clinical toxicity assessments with the DAIDS medical 
monitor every two weeks and after 6 participants have completed follow-up in a dose stratum. 
The PI and/or medical monitor will halt further enrollment at that dose level for formal review by 
the DSMB if any participant develops any emergent grade 3 or higher dose-limiting toxicity that 
is definite, possible or probable in causal relationship to the study drug, in the opinion of the PI. 
If no such toxicity is observed after the first 6 participants in a dose stratum have completed 
follow-up, and a total of 12 participants are enrolled in the first stratum, then the next dose 
stratum will be opened for enrollment. 
The safety rationale for opening accrual to a higher dose level, based upon findings from the 
first 6 participants at the previous lower dose level, is as follows: Rather than use a standard 3 + 
3 dose escalation design, we will utilize a more conservative threshold for halting accrual. In this 
study, enrolling healthy volunteers, a frequency of >33% grade 3 or higher dose-limiting toxicity 
attributed to a study drug would warrant formal review by the DSMB. We propose to protect 
participant safety by performing a safety analysis after 6 participants have completed the day 42 
follow-up visit, a sample size that gives us greater than 90% power to identify a safety signal 
and halt accrual at that dose level, based upon a true rate of grade 3 or higher toxicity of 33% 
(or greater).
 
9.6
Critical Event Identification and Reporting
In addition, we will report critical events (CEs) to DAIDS and other entities to which we are 
responsible, including IRBs. Critical events include the following classes of events: 
unanticipated problems involving risks to participants or others, serious noncompliance, 
continuing noncompliance, suspension or termination of EC/IRB approval, and suspected 
research misconduct. The time period for reporting CEs to DAIDS is from the date of study start 
up to the publication of all related manuscripts resulting from the study. 


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10
Study Administration, Data Handling and Record Keeping
10.1 Confidentiality
Information about study participants will be kept confidential and managed according to the 
principles of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). 
10.2 Data Collection and Management 
All clinical and laboratory information required by this protocol is to be present in the source 
documents. All protocol-required visits are to be recorded on the CRFs and keyed into the 
database unless otherwise specified.
We will use Clinical Research IO, CRIO, as the study clinical data management system. The 
site data managers and clerks will be responsible for manually entering quantitative data, not 
already being collected routinely and required for the evaluation, into a study database. Site 
databases and the merged analytical datasets will be stored on password-protected, encrypted 
servers. Scheduled backups will be performed on a daily, weekly, and monthly basis. Personal 
identifiers will be suppressed from the analytic dataset prior to the data analysis phase of the 
study. Any paper registers, forms, or records that are reviewed in order to abstract data or 
cross-check missing data will not be removed from the secure, programmatic area where they 
are stored.
Data will be validated on entry, using range and consistency checks. Quality control procedures 
will include review of CRFs for completion and correctness. Logical data checks will also be 
performed on the data. Incomplete and incorrect data queries will be sent back to sites 
electronically for error resolution. Errors will be reviewed and corrected on a weekly basis. The 
study will be monitored by internal data monitors.
10.3 Records Retention 
Study records (source documents, signed informed consent forms, IRB correspondence and 
approval letters, and screening logs) will be kept in a secure location accessible only to 
authorized study staff, investigators, and monitors. All records will be archived in a secure 
storage facility for at least ten years after the completion of the study. 


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11
Study Monitoring, Auditing, and Inspecting
11.1 Study Monitoring Plan
This study will be conducted under ICH E6 with good clinical practice compliance. Audits of the 
Emory site and study will be performed by the DAIDS-appointed study-monitoring team as 
described in Section 9.5.1. The Investigator will permit study-related monitoring, audits, and 
inspections by the EC/IRB, the sponsor, site monitors, Office of Human Research Protections 
(OHRP), and other local, US, or international regulatory entities (e.g, FDA, EMA, and other 
regulatory agencies), and University compliance and quality assurance groups of all study 
related documents (e.g. source documents, regulatory documents, data collection instruments, 
study data etc.).  The Investigator will ensure the capability for inspections of applicable study-
related facilities (e.g. pharmacy, diagnostic laboratory, etc.).
Participation as an investigator in this study implies acceptance of potential inspection by local, 
US, or international regulatory entities (e.g, EMA) and applicable University compliance and 
quality assurance offices.
Monitoring visits may be conducted on-site or remotely. Remote visits may include remote 
source document verification using methods specified for this purpose by NIAID. Remote 
monitoring visits may be performed in place of, or in addition to onsite visits to ensure the safety 
of study participants and data integrity (51). The site will make available study documents for 
site monitors to review utilizing a secure platform that is HIPAA and 21 CFR Part 11 compliant. 
Potential platform options include: Veeva SiteVault, site-controlled SharePoint or cloud-based 
portal, direct access to Electronic Medical Record (EMR), and Medidata Rave Imaging Solution. 
Other secure platforms that are 21 CFR Part 11 compliant may be utilized, as allowed by the 
DAIDS Office of Clinical Site Oversight (OCSO).
12
Ethical Considerations
This study is to be conducted in accordance with applicable US government regulations and 
international standards of Good Clinical Practice, and applicable institutional research policies 
and procedures.
This protocol and any amendments will be submitted to a properly constituted independent 
Ethics Committee (EC) or Institutional Review Board (IRB), in agreement with local legal 
prescriptions, for formal approval of the study conduct.  The decision of the EC/IRB concerning 


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the conduct of the study will be made in writing to the Investigator before commencement of this 
study. 
12.1 Risks
The rationale for the dosing schedule is as follows: 14 days of imatinib exposure is required to 
observe an effect on myelopoiesis (the primary end-point), and 28 days will provide additional 
information on safety. We do not expect that imatinib will cause significant AEs in healthy 
normal volunteers when given for this duration. While asymptomatic elevations in 
aminotransferase levels are often seen in patients within 2-8 weeks after starting imatinib, 
marked increases in ALT are usually only observed after 6 months of imatinib therapy. 
Importantly, the toxicity of imatinib is dose-related. We will minimize risk by starting with a very 
low dose (50 mg/day) and escalate carefully only after safety data on the lower dose has been 
reviewed for acceptability. The DSMB must recommend proceeding to the next dose level 
before it will be initiated. Volunteers will be very closely monitored for adverse events at a US 
cancer center setting highly experienced with imatinib therapy. Visits with a safety evaluation 
are at study days 1, 3, 7, 14, 15, 21, 28 and 42.
Imatinib is well tolerated in CML patients, and a maximal tolerated dose has not been defined, 
but >800mg/day is rarely used. Most adverse effects, even at the highest doses, are grade 1 
(mild) or grade 2 (moderate). Most patients have a reduction in the Hgb level of 1 to 2 mg/dL; 
the hemoglobin level typically increased to base-line values or higher with continued therapy. 
Drug induced anemia during long-term administration has been rarely seen. Neutropenia occurs 
in chronic phase CML patients treated with imatinib at the onset of blast crisis, but is unlikely to 
occur in patients receiving low doses in the absence of hematological disease.  Inhibition of 
normal hematopoiesis does not occur in Philadelphia chromosome negative patients, although 
further clinical assessment will be required to ensure this.  In summary, we expect these doses 
of imatinib to be very safe. 
12.2 Benefits
There are no direct benefits to the participants. Participants may however feel they experience 
the indirect benefit of participating in a research study aiming to identify a new treatment for TB.
12.3 Risk Benefit Assessment
Given the public health problem of TB, and the known safety profile of imatinib and the anti-TB 
drugs under study, we feel that the study has a favorable risk benefit ratio to society. 


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12.4 Informed Consent Process / HIPAA Authorization 
The Principal Investigator or an authorized clinical Co-Investigator will obtain written informed 
consent in English from all potential participants. The consenting process will take place in a 
private space in the clinics where participants are recruited, to ensure confidentiality. 
Participants will be allowed to provide consent at the time of the consent discussion. 
Participants will be given time during the consent discussion to ask and have answered any 
questions. Informed consent will be documented in accordance with GCP standards.     
13
Study Finances
13.1 Funding Source
This study is funded by a UH3 grant awarded to Dr. Daniel Kalman at Emory University, by the 
National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases / Division of AIDS. 
13.2 Conflict of Interest
Emory investigators will for the Emory University Policy on Conflicts of Interest Related to 
Research. All University of Pennsylvania Investigators will follow the University of Pennsylvania 
Policy on Conflicts of Interest Related to Research. 
13.3 Participant Stipends or Payments
Emory participants will be reimbursed at a rate of $50 for the screening visit, $125 for visit 1, 
$75 for each brief visit (6 visits), plus $300 for the PK study visit, for a total of $925 for the entire 
study. 
14
Publication Plan 
Dr. Shaw will perform the primary statistical data analyses. Drs. Bisson, Wallis, Waller, Kalman, 
Giver, Harvey, Gumbo and Shaw and other investigators who meet authorship requirements will 
all contribute to timely publication of the results. The primary draft manuscript will be done by 
Drs. Bisson and Waller and will be reviewed by all authors within 3 months after the analysis is 
completed.
15
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D'Argenio DZ, Schumitzky A. ADAPT II. A program for simulation, identification, and optimal 
experimental design. User manual. Biomedical Simulations Resource. University of Southern California, 
Los Angeles, California, USA1997.
42.
D'Argenio DZ, Schumitzky A, Wang X. ADAPT 5 user's guide: Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic 
systems analysis software. Los Angeles: Biomedical Simulations Resource; 2009.
43.
Eechoute K, Fransson MN, Reyners AK, de Jong FA, Sparreboom A, van der Graaf WT, Friberg 
LE, Schiavon G, Wiemer EA, Verweij J, Loos WJ, Mathijssen RH, De Giorgi U. A long-term prospective 
population pharmacokinetic study on imatinib plasma concentrations in GIST patients. Clin Cancer Res. 
2012;18(20):5780-7. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-12-0490. PubMed PMID: 22850565.
44.
Hall RGN, Pasipanodya JG, Meek C, Leff RD, Swancutt M, Gumbo T. Fractal Geometry-Based 
Decrease in Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Concentrations in Overweight and Obese People. CPT 
Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2016;5(12):674-81. doi: 10.1002/psp4.12146. PubMed PMID: 
27869362; PMCID: PMC5193002.
45.
Gumbo T, Hiemenz J, Ma L, Keirns JJ, Buell DN, Drusano GL. Population pharmacokinetics of 
micafungin 
in 
adult 
patients. 
Diagn 
Microbiol 
Infect 
Dis. 
2008;60(3):329-31. 
doi: 
10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2007.09.018. PubMed PMID: 18024052.
46.
Modongo C, Pasipanodya JG, Magazi BT, Srivastava S, Zetola NM, Williams SM, Sirugo G, Gumbo 
T. Artificial Intelligence and Amikacin Exposures Predictive of Outcomes in Multidrug-Resistant 
Tuberculosis Patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60(10):5928-32. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00962-16. 
PubMed PMID: 27458224; PMCID: PMC5038293.
47.
Srivastava S, Modongo C, Siyambalapitiyage Dona CW, Pasipanodya JG, Deshpande D, Gumbo 
T. Amikacin Optimal Exposure Targets in the Hollow-Fiber System Model of Tuberculosis. Antimicrob 
Agents Chemother. 2016;60(10):5922-7. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00961-16. PubMed PMID: 27458215; PMCID: 
PMC5038304.
48.
Pasipanodya JG, McIlleron H, Burger A, Wash PA, Smith P, Gumbo T. Serum drug concentrations 
predictive 
of 
pulmonary 
tuberculosis 
outcomes. 
J 
Infect 
Dis. 
2013;208(9):1464-73. 
doi: 
10.1093/infdis/jit352. PubMed PMID: 23901086; PMCID: 3789573.
49.
Pasipanodya JG, Mubanga M, Ntsekhe M, Pandie S, Magazi BT, Gumedze F, Myer L, Gumbo T, 
Mayosi BM. Tuberculous Pericarditis is Multibacillary and Bacterial Burden Drives High Mortality. 
EBioMedicine. 2015;2(11):1634-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.09.034. PubMed PMID: 26870789; PMCID: 
PMC4740299.
50.
Modongo C, Pasipanodya JG, Zetola NM, Williams SM, Sirugo G, Gumbo T. Amikacin 
Concentrations Predictive of Ototoxicity in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients. Antimicrob Agents 
Chemother. 2015;59(10):6337-43. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01050-15. PubMed PMID: 26248372; PMCID: 
PMC4576092.


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51.  
FDA Guidance on Conduct of Clinical Trials of Medical Products During the COVID-19 Public 
Health Emergency: Guidance for Industry, Investigators, and Institutional Review Boards, March 2020, 
Updated on January 27, 2021. Accessed at: https://www.fda.gov/media/136238/download
16
Attachment
Study Informed Consent Form
 
17
Appendix 
17.1 Source Documents
Source data is all information, original records of clinical findings, observations, or other 
activities in a clinical trial necessary for the reconstruction and evaluation of the trial.  Source 
data are contained in source documents.  Examples of these original documents, and data 
records include: hospital records, clinical and office charts, laboratory notes, memoranda, 
participants’ diaries or evaluation checklists, pharmacy dispensing records, recorded data from 
automated instruments, copies or transcriptions certified after verification as being accurate and 
complete, microfiches, photographic negatives, microfilm or magnetic media, x-rays, participant 
files, and records kept at the pharmacy, at the laboratories, and at medico-technical 
departments involved in the clinical trial.
17.2 Case Report Forms (CRFs)
The study case report form (CRF) is the primary data collection instrument for the study.  All 
data requested on the CRF must be recorded.  All missing data must be explained.  If a space 
on the CRF is left blank because the procedure was not done or the question was not asked, 
write “N/D”.  If the item is not applicable to the individual case, write “N/A”.  All entries should be 
printed legibly in black ink.  If any entry error has been made, to correct such an error, draw a 
single straight line through the incorrect entry and enter the correct data above it.  All such 
changes must be initialed and dated.  DO NOT ERASE OR WHITE OUT ERRORS.  For 
clarification of illegible or uncertain entries, print the clarification above the item, then initial and 
date it. 
17.3 GEORGIA CTSA CLINICAL RESEARCH CENTER AT EMORY UNIVERSITY
GEORGIA CTSA - GCRC site at Emory University Hospital (EUH): The EUH GCRC site houses 
inpatient and outpatient areas, administrative offices, participant waiting area and laboratories.  
The two areas combined encompass a total of 11,893 square feet. The Inpatient Research Unit 
includes fully equipped private rooms and a nursing station. At the far end of the GCRC 


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inpatient unit, the Serious Communicable Disease Unit (SCDU) has three rooms that are 
capable of providing appropriate isolation and intensive care for patients with highly contagious, 
serious infectious diseases.  Each room has an anteroom that has net negative air pressure in 
relation to the hallway. The patient rooms have net negative air pressure in relation to the 
anteroom. Each patient room has over 20 air changes per hour with laminar airflow over the 
patient beds. All air from the rooms is HEPA filtered and directly exhausted to the outside after 
being filtered.  The rooms were successfully used to treat 4 Ebola patients during the 2014-2015 
epidemic. Currently they are used to conduct research on various communicable diseases 
through Georgia CTSA.  In addition to the 3 ICU level isolation rooms, the 8 additional rooms in 
the unit can be used to care for patients with a lesser degree of illness.  Participants check in 
with the staff at the nursing stations. The participant waiting area seats 9 people. The outpatient 
research unit is immediately adjacent to the inpatient unit and houses a nursing station, 6 
private research bays for study participants and several procedure rooms. GCRC research 
nurses and technicians are available on a daytime 8-hr shift to perform research activities such 
as IV placement, timed urine and blood collection, study drug administration, etc. 
The Human Performance Unit includes three private outpatient rooms separate from the above 
described outpatient care area with (1) a treadmill equipped for VO2Max testing, EKG for 
exercise stress testing,  (2) and ultrasound system for the assessment of flow mediated 
dilatation and carotid artery intimal medial thickness, and (3) an infusion room.
GCRC Administrative Unit: The administrative suite is adjacent to the EUH-GCRC research 
nursing units and houses the offices of the GCRC Program Director and site specific Co-
Director, Research Nursing Director, Administrative Director, the GCRC scheduling coordinator 
and Program Coordinators.
GCRC Core Laboratory:  The main GCRC Core Laboratory is located adjacent to the EUH 
GCRC unit and staff includes research technicians with long-standing experience in processing 
and storage of timed blood, urine and tissue samples. The unit employs the Georgia CTSA-wide 
state-of-the art Nautilus Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) for de-identified 
sample tracking, storage and management. Lab resources include a main Laboratory office, a 
large sample bench processing and aliquoting area for use by GCRC and investigator staff, 
general and refrigerated centrifuges and microcentrifuges and 11 [-80oC], 3 [-20oC] and 2 [4oC] 


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freezers for sample storage. All freezers/refrigerators are equipped with CO2 back-up system. 
All three core laboratories hold CLIA waivers.
17.4 Emory University Investigational Drug Service
The pharmacy that will serve the study is the Emory University Investigational Drug Service 
(IDS) -  http://www.ocr.emory.edu/ids/index.html
The IDS is currently involved in a number of NIAID/DAIDS studies, demonstrating the capacity 
of the IDS to initiate, conduct, participate in, and support NIAID/DAIDS funded research.  
Staffing:
Esther Park, Pharm.D.,  esther.sue.park@emory.edu, 404 727-0028
Jianguo Xu,Ph.D.,  jxu5@emory.edu, 404 727-0036
Rebecca Gonzalez, Pharm.D.,  rebecca.feng@emory.edu, 404 778-0672
Susan Rogers, Director, B.S., RPH,  sroger2@emory.edu, 404 712-7485
 
Access:
Access to IDS is limited to IDS employees only.  All have keys to the area.
 
Continual access to electrical power:
IDS is located in Emory Clinic Building A which has a backup generator that provides continual 
power in case of power outages
 
Controlled room temperature:
Room temperature is controlled and monitored continually via an electronic monitoring system, 
Tempalert.
 
Study product preparation:
Study products are prepared in the pharmacy which is a clean, safe and secure setting. All 
study product is properly labeled by name and protocol # and is stored according to the labeling 
requirements.
 
Equipment:
IDS is equipped with appropriate space and equipment for proper handling and preparation of 
study product.
 
Clean water:
IDS has a sink for water supply in the dose preparation area of the Pharmacy.


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Equipment maintenance:
IDS maintains equipment for storage, temperature monitoring and preparation of study product 
and doses.  IV hoods are inspected every six months. Temperature monitoring equipment is 
calibrated annually.
 
Emergency plan:
IDS maintains backup refrigerators and freezers in case of power equipment failure
 
Importation:
IDS complies with all international regulations for shipping
 
Destruction:
IDS can destroy locally through the University’s Environmental Health and Safety Office.  All 
study product is destroyed via incineration.
Pharmacy Accountability Records:
IDS uses Vestigo software for all aspects of drug inventory, billing, and accountability 
http://www.mccreadiegroup.com/vestigo/ 
Study Product Acquisition Plan:
Imatinib will be acquired through the CRPMC and dispensed through the IDS pharmacy using 
standard procedures.

ICF_001.pdf: 
Informed Consent Form 
 
Title: IMPACT-TB*: A Phase II Clinical Trial of the Safety, 
Pharmacokinetics and Hematologic Effects of Imatinib on Myelopoiesis 
in Adults when Given With and Without Isoniazid and Rifabutin 
*Imatinib mesylate per oral as a clinical therapeutic for TB 
 
 
NCT Number: NCT03891901 
 
 
IRB Approval Date: May 4, 2023 
 


Study No.: «ID»
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Document Approved On: «ApproveDate»
PI: Edmund Waller, MD                                              Page 1 of 14                                                    Version Date: 06/22/2022
Protocol: Imatinib Protocol                                                                                                                   IRB Form 12142018
You Are Being Asked to Be in a Research Study
Concise presentation of key concepts
You are being asked to be in a research study. A research study is designed to answer 
a scientific question. If you agree to be in the study you will be one of 48 volunteers 
who are being studied at Emory. 
Why is this study being done? 
This study is being done to answer the question: can a drug called imatinib (which is 
approved for use in certain types of leukemia) be used to increase cells in the blood 
that fight bacterial infection? This is part of a larger research plan to test whether 
imatinib can be used in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). An important purpose of the 
research is to determine the safety of different doses of imatinib in adults.
Do I  have to be in the study? 
It is your decision to be part of this research study. You do not have to be in it. Your 
choice will not affect your access to medical care. Before you make your decision, you 
should take time to learn about the study.
What do I have to do if I choose to participate in this study?
If you are eligible and want to be part of the study, you will participate for about 50 
days (9 study visits). The researchers will ask you to do the following: answer 
questions about your health, complete brief physical exams, take heart rhythm tests 
(ECGs), provide small amounts of blood and urine for laboratory tests, and take 
imatinib tablets as instructed. On day 14 of the study, we will ask you to provide 
several small blood samples during the course of the day, so it will be necessary to 
remain at the clinical site on that day. All of these procedures will be paid for by the 
study.   
How is this study going to help me? 
This study is not designed to benefit you directly. If you are in the study, you will be 
helping the researchers answer the study question. 
What are the risks or discomforts I should know about before making a 
decision?  
The study will take time. The drug that is being tested may cause side effects. All 
studies have some risks. Some risks are relatively small, like being bored or losing 
time.  Some are more serious – for this study, these include possible side effects of 
imatinib, some of which include low blood cell counts, anemia, nausea and vomiting, 
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PI: Edmund Waller, MD                                              Page 2 of 14                                                    Version Date: 06/22/2022
Protocol: Imatinib Protocol                                                                                                                   IRB Form 12142018
fluid retention, diarrhea, fever, headache, blurred vision, and liver and kidney 
problems. Other serious risks are possible, such as loss of privacy, and breach of 
confidentiality. A full list of expected risks, their frequency and severity are in the “What 
are the possible risks and discomforts?” section of this document.
Alternatives to Joining This Study
Since this is not a treatment study, the alternative is not to participate.
Costs
You WILL NOT have to pay for any of the study procedures.
What Should I Do Next?
Read this form, or have it read to you. Make sure the study doctor or study staff 
explains the study to you. Ask questions (e.g., about exact time commitment, about 
unfamiliar words, more details on specific procedures, etc.) This is a volunteer study, 
and it is your decision whether to participate. Take time to consider this, and talk about 
it with your family and friends.
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Study No.: «ID»
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Document Approved On: «ApproveDate»
PI: Edmund Waller, MD                                              Page 3 of 14                                                    Version Date: 06/22/2022
Protocol: Imatinib Protocol                                                                                                                   IRB Form 12142018
Emory University
Consent to be a Research Subject / HIPAA Authorization
Title: IMPACT-TB*: A Phase II Clinical Trial of the Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Hematologic Effects 
of Imatinib on Myelopoiesis in Adults when Given With and Without Isoniazid and Rifabutin
*Imatinib mesylate per oral as a clinical therapeutic for TB
Study Arm: Imatinib dosing only
Principal Investigator: Edmund K. Waller, MD, PhD
Co-Investigators: Daniel Kalman, PhD; Cynthia Giver, PhD; R. Donald Harvey, III, PharmD; Colleen 
Kraft, MD; Aneesh Mehta, MD
Study Sponsor: National Institutes of Health (NIH) / National Institute of Allergy and Infectious 
Diseases (NIAID) / Division of AIDS (DAIDS)
Introduction: 
You are being asked to be in a medical research study. This form is designed to tell you everything 
you need to think about before you decide if you want to be a part of the study.  It is entirely your 
choice.  If you decide to take part, you can change your mind later on and withdraw from the 
research study. The decision to join or not join the research study will not cause you to lose any 
medical benefits.  
Before making your decision:
•
Please carefully read this form or have it read to you
•
Please listen to the study doctor or study staff explain the study to you 
•
Please ask questions about anything that is not clear
You can take a copy of this consent form, to keep. Feel free to take your time thinking about whether 
you would like to participate. You may wish to discuss your decision with family or friends. Do not sign 
this consent form unless you have had a chance to ask questions and get answers that make sense 
to you.  By signing this form you will not give up any legal rights.
A description of this clinical trial will be available on http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, as required by U.S. 
law. This Web site will not include information that can identify you. At most the Web site will include 
a summary of the results. You can search this Web site at any time.
Please note that any student currently enrolled in an Emory course taught by the Principal 
Investigator or a Co-Investigator on this study is exempt from enrolling in this study. Similarly, any 
Emory employee currently working under the supervision of any investigator on this study is exempt 
from enrolling.
What is the purpose of this study?
The purpose of this volunteer research study is to test whether a drug called imatinib (which is 
approved for use in certain types of leukemia) can also be used to increase cells in the blood that 
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PI: Edmund Waller, MD                                              Page 4 of 14                                                    Version Date: 06/22/2022
Protocol: Imatinib Protocol                                                                                                                   IRB Form 12142018
fight bacterial infection. The results may help us develop improved methods for treating tuberculosis 
(TB). The duration of this study is 43 - 50 days, including 9 visits to the study site. Participants will 
take imatinib. During the study visits, we will examine your medical history, collect and review your 
vital signs, perform a physical exam, take an electrocardiogram (ECG) of your heartbeat, collect 
blood and urine samples, test your eyesight, and assess any possible signs and symptom from the 
study drug. Common side effects of the study drug include edema (swelling affecting the face, hands, 
lower legs and feet), rash, fever, upset stomach, low blood cell counts, muscle cramps and bone 
pain. Some less common side effects are, headaches, tiredness, and blurred vision. Rare but serious 
risks include liver problems and kidney damage. The study is not designed to directly benefit you, but 
your participation may help improve TB treatment for people around the world. The alternative to 
participating in this study is simply not to participate – it is your choice whether or not to participate. 
We are interested in using the drug imatinib in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Imatinib is already 
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and commonly used to treat patients with several 
malignancies, including leukemia, at doses of 400 – 800 mg/day. Studies have been done in animals 
that show that this drug can also help treat TB. Imatinib has been taken by thousands of patients. We 
think that imatinib, at doses lower than or equal to the doses used in cancer, might help patients with 
TB. However, we must first test the safety and effects of imatinib in healthy people to find the doses 
that can be used in patients to treat TB. In this arm of the study, we will test the effects of imatinib 
when it is given alone (not in combination with antibiotics). We will determine the effects of imatinib on 
white blood cell formation (known as myelopoiesis) in adults. We will also use your blood samples in 
research tests to determine the effects of imatinib on the ability of immune cells to kill bacteria. Each 
subject will be assigned to receive one of three different dose levels (100mg, 200mg or 400mg per 
day for 28 days). In every case, the dose of imatinib is equal to or below doses approved for use in 
patients with leukemia. Once we know how imatinib works on the immune system in healthy people, 
we can plan new studies combining imatinib with antibiotics, and later test its effects in people who 
are sick with drug-resistant TB. 
What will I be asked to do?
At the screening visit, we will ask you questions about your health, review your medical records, 
complete a brief physical exam, perform a test of your heart rhythm, and take a small amount of blood 
and urine for laboratory tests to see if you qualify for the study. These will include tests for infection 
with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). If you 
do qualify and you consent to be in the study, you will be assigned to one of three different doses of 
imatinib. The doses of imatinib that we will test are lower than or equal to those used in leukemia 
patients, who typically take 400 mg imatinib per day long-term. Volunteer subjects will take 100, 200, 
or 400 mg imatinib per day. We will begin enrolling volunteers at the lower doses and assign 
volunteers to the higher doses as we continue the study. We will ask you to take 28 days of imatinib.
If you qualify to participate in the study after the screening visit, we will ask you to complete 8 more 
study visits over 42 days, at the Georgia Clinical & Translational Science Alliance (Georgia CTSA) 
Clinical Research Center site in Emory University Hospital (GCRC). You will receive a container of 
study drug at Visit 1, within a week of the screening visit. Visit 1 (Day 1) will require a blood sample 
before you take the first dose of study drug in the presence of the study nurse or staff. The total 
length of your involvement will be 43-50 days, depending on how many days are between your 
screening visit and Visit 1. Most of the visits will take approximately 30 minutes, but Visit 4 (on Day 
14) will require you to stay at (or close by) the study clinic for about 8 hours (see below). It may be 
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PI: Edmund Waller, MD                                              Page 5 of 14                                                    Version Date: 06/22/2022
Protocol: Imatinib Protocol                                                                                                                   IRB Form 12142018
possible to substitute tele-medicine visits for some of the shorter appointments if there are 
unforeseen difficulties with scheduling. Any such arrangements must be made with the study team in 
advance.
The types of things we will do during the study visits include: 
•
Ask about symptoms, review your medical history and medical records if you have them, and 
ask about possible adverse effects of the medications
•
Perform a brief physical exam, including vital signs
•
Collect a sample of your urine
•
Perform a heart rhythm test, called an ECG
•
Test your eyesight using a wall chart
•
Draw blood for blood counts, electrolytes, measures of kidney and liver function, and research 
tests. 
•
Blood volumes will range from 1 teaspoon to 3 tablespoons depending on the visit, except for 
visit 4 will require more blood as described below:
•
At visit 4, we will insert a small plastic tube (catheter) into a vein in your hand or arm and 
monitor your blood drug levels by 6 blood draws done over a time period of 8 hours. The 
catheter is left in the vein during this period of time in order to avoid having to repeatedly stick 
a needle into your vein. The total blood volume that will be removed for this intensive study 
visit will be about 5 Tablespoons. During this time you will be given food and refreshments.
All of these procedures are experimental parts of the research project and none are needed for your 
medical care. 
Human Biological Samples 
While you are in this study, you will have blood (serum/plasma) samples collected to be used for the 
current study analysis, including re-running study tests, if necessary, and storing samples for future 
research. The purpose of storing these samples is to make them available to scientists who are trying 
to develop new tests, treatments, and ways to prevent diseases. We hope that these samples will 
provide information that will help researchers in the future.The samples will be labeled with an 
identification code. Your samples will never be labeled with your name and will remain separate from 
the files linked to your name. These de-identified samples, as well as your de-identified information 
and records relevant to the study, may be used by other investigators in future studies without 
obtaining additional informed consent from you. This research study will not include whole genome 
sequencing (WGS).
Successful research using the samples or other parts of the samples could result in a commercial or 
therapeutic product with significant value, such as a product for the medical treatment or diagnosis of 
tuberculosis or other diseases. You will not share in any financial benefits of these uses. 
Your samples will only be used for research and will not be sold. These samples may be utilized by 
Emory for further or additional analyses to answer scientific or medical questions, but if your samples 
are given to other researchers (other than Emory) your de-identified samples and study information 
would only be given to researchers who have had their research reviewed by an Institutional Review 
Board (IRB), which is a committee that protects the rights and privacy of study subjects.
IRB00103001
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PI: Edmund Waller, MD                                              Page 6 of 14                                                    Version Date: 06/22/2022
Protocol: Imatinib Protocol                                                                                                                   IRB Form 12142018
How will the study drug be provided?
The imatinib that you will take come in tablet form. The medication will be ordered by the study 
doctor, dispensed by the pharmacy and picked up by a study team member. The study team member 
or a GCRC research nurse will provide the study drug to you. If you have questions about the study 
drug, you should ask the principal investigator, study team member, or study nurse. You may also call 
the pharmacy at (404) 712-4718 if you have questions about the medication. The number for the 
pharmacy is included on your study drug package. We will provide you with a pill diary to keep track 
of your imatinib, which you will review with the GCRC staff at each visit.
Who owns my study information and samples? 
If you join this study, you will be donating your samples and study information. You will not receive 
any compensation if your samples or information are used to make a new product. If you withdraw 
from the study, data and samples that were already collected may be still be used for this study.  
What are the possible risks and discomforts? 
Side effects and risks associated with study drug:
>>> Please report any symptoms or side effects that you experience to the study team.
Imatinib Risks
The most common side effects while taking imatinib are: 
•
Low blood counts. Your white and red blood cells and platelets may temporarily decrease.            
This can put you at increased risk for infection, anemia and/or bleeding. 
•
Nausea and vomiting
•
Edema (fluid retention: swelling of the face, hands, lower legs, feet) 
•
Muscle cramps and bone pain
•
Diarrhea 
•
Hemorrhage (bleeding problems)
•
Skin rash 
•
Fever
Less common side effects while taking imatinib are:
•
Headache 
•
Tiredness 
•
Joint pain 
•
Indigestion (heartburn) 
•
Belly pain 
•
Cough 
•
Shortness of breath 
•
Poor appetite 
•
Constipation 
•
Night sweats 
•
Nose bleeds
•
Weakness
•
Blurred vision
IRB00103001
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Study No.: «ID»
Emory University IRB
IRB use only
Document Approved On: «ApproveDate»
PI: Edmund Waller, MD                                              Page 7 of 14                                                    Version Date: 06/22/2022
Protocol: Imatinib Protocol                                                                                                                   IRB Form 12142018
Rare, but possible serious risks with taking imatinib include:
•
Liver problems
•
Kidney damage
Please note: In subjects who took imatinib for 2 weeks, followed by another 2 weeks taking imatinib 
plus the antibiotics isoniazid and rifabutin, many subjects had low white blood cell counts after 
starting the antibiotics. While these counts recovered quickly when study drugs were stopped, and no 
treatment was required, this was a safety concern. We now no longer give imatinib plus antibiotics – 
we give imatinib alone. We do not expect low blood cell counts to occur in subjects taking imatinib 
alone, but you will be closely monitored and we will alert you if you have low blood cell counts or any 
other lab readings that would warrant early drug discontinuation. 
Blood tests and catheter placement: A small blood clot may form at the site of the intravenous 
needle or catheter tube used for blood sample collections, or there may be swelling in the area.  This 
will resolve in a few days. There is a small risk of a minor infection at the place that the needle is 
inserted.  Lightheadedness and fainting can also occur. There are no long-term side effects from 
blood draw procedures.
ECG (electrocardiogram): This test is done to see how well your heart is working and beating.  The 
risks from an ECG can include skin irritation and a rash from the gel that is used or from wearing or 
removing the patches.
There may be side effects from the study drug or procedures that are not known at this time.  Results 
from routine blood and urine tests performed at the GCRC and the Emory Medical Laboratory will be 
placed in your Emory medical record. Results from other research tests will not be recorded as part of 
your medical record. However, if we find out something in the routine clinical and laboratory tests that 
is important to your health, we will inform you or refer you to a doctor if you wish.
Keep all study drug out of the reach of children or anyone else who may not be able to read or 
understand the labels. Do not let anyone else take the study drug besides you.
It is possible that the researchers will learn something new during the study about the risks of being in 
it.  If this happens, they will tell you about it. Then you can decide if you want to continue to be in this 
study or not.  You may be asked to sign a new consent form that includes the new information if you 
decide to stay in the study.
If you are a woman: to protect against possible side effects of the study drug, women who are 
pregnant or nursing (breast feeding) a child may not take part in this study. If you become pregnant, 
there may be risks to you, the embryo, or fetus. These risks are not yet known. If you are a woman of 
childbearing ability, you and the study doctor must agree on a combination of birth control methods to 
use during the study and for 2 weeks after the last dose of study drug. A woman is considered to be 
of childbearing ability unless she is postmenopausal (over 45 years old with no menses for at least 1 
year) or has undergone a hysterectomy. A female participant of childbearing ability (and her partner) 
must agree to use one of the following combinations of birth control during the study and for 2 weeks 
after the last dose of study drug (or tubal ligation as a single method): 
1) Use of a double-barrier method of contraception: condoms (male or female) and a diaphragm 
or cervical cap with spermicide; 
IRB00103001
IRB Approved
5/4/2023


Study No.: «ID»
Emory University IRB
IRB use only
Document Approved On: «ApproveDate»
PI: Edmund Waller, MD                                              Page 8 of 14                                                    Version Date: 06/22/2022
Protocol: Imatinib Protocol                                                                                                                   IRB Form 12142018
2) Use of an intrauterine device (IUD, hormonal or non-hormonal) and a barrier method: 
condoms (male or female, with or without spermicide) or a diaphragm or cervical cap with 
spermicide; 
3) Use of hormone-based contraceptives (pill, patch, implant, ring, or injectable) and a barrier 
method: condoms (male or female, with or without spermicide) or a diaphragm or cervical cap 
with spermicide; 
4) Tubal ligation. 
You should not be in the study if you are undergoing any type of assisted reproduction treatment. If 
you think that you have gotten pregnant during the study, you must tell the study doctor immediately. 
Pregnant women will be taken out of the study. If you become pregnant during the study, you will be 
followed to assess any bad outcomes to your pregnancy that may have resulted from your 
participation in this study. Urine pregnancy tests will be conducted at screening, and at visits 1, 4,  
and 7 and 8. Results will be kept in study records, but not in your medical record. 
If you are a man: the effect of the study drug on sperm is not known. To protect against possible side 
effects, if you are a man you should not get a sexual partner pregnant while taking the study drug and 
for 2 weeks after the last dose. You and the study doctor should agree on a method of birth control to 
use during the study and for 2 weeks after the last dose of study drug. You should not be in the study 
if you are collecting/donating sperm for any assisted reproduction purpose.
Will I benefit directly from the study? 
This study is not designed to benefit you directly, nor to treat any medical condition you may have. If 
you have a medical condition, it might improve while you are on the study, or it may not improve, and 
it may even get worse. This study is designed to learn more about the safety of taking imatinib, and 
the effects of imatinib on circulating white blood cell counts. This knowledge will be important as we 
try to use imatinib to help tuberculosis patients. Hence, the study results may be used to help others 
in the future.
Will I be compensated for my time and effort?
To compensate you for your time and effort, you will receive $50 for the screening visit, $125 for visit 1, 
$75 for each visit 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 (6 visits), and $300 for the PK study visit 4, for a total of $925 for the entire 
study. If you do not finish the study, we will compensate you for the visits you have completed. 
You will be asked to fill out a tax form, including your Social Security or Taxpayer Identification 
Number, in order to be reimbursed, depending on the amount and method of payment. Some 
payment methods involve mail coming to your house, which may be seen by others in your 
household. You can decline payment if you are concerned about confidentiality, or you can talk to the 
study team to see if there are other payment options. 
What are my other options?
This study is not designed to prevent or treat any disease or medical condition. The alternative to 
participating in this study is to not participate. You are free to choose not to take part in it.
Taking part in this study, however, may make you unable to participate in some other research 
studies, if they exclude people who have taken certain treatments.  You should discuss this with the 
researchers if you have concerns. You may wish to research other study options at websites like 
clinicaltrials.gov and ResearchMatch.org.
IRB00103001
IRB Approved
5/4/2023


Study No.: «ID»
Emory University IRB
IRB use only
Document Approved On: «ApproveDate»
PI: Edmund Waller, MD                                              Page 9 of 14                                                    Version Date: 06/22/2022
Protocol: Imatinib Protocol                                                                                                                   IRB Form 12142018
Are there any special instructions to follow while participating in this study? 
During this study, it is important that:
You do not consume grapefruit, grapefruit juice, or grapefruit-related citrus fruits (e.g., pomelos) 
during this study (7 days before and while taking any study drug). These may interfere with drug 
metabolism.
You do not use Tylenol or other acetaminophen-containing medications during the 28-day drug 
dosing period since such medications may increase the risk of liver toxicity
You do not consume any alcoholic beverages while participating in this study.
You must follow instructions for timing of meals around the daily morning drug doses. On non-study 
visit days, the study drug(s) should be taken upon waking. Breakfast may be eaten 1 hour later. On 
study visit days, you may eat a small breakfast 2 hours before your scheduled study appointment. 
You will take the study drug at the visit (at least 2 hours after eating). A meal or snack will be provided 
1 hour later at the study center for visits 4 and 8.
There may be certain medication and herbal supplements that you should not take while participating 
in this study.  Your study doctor will review what medications you are currently taking.  Please notify 
your study doctor if you begin taking anything new while you are participating in this study and also 
inform your doctor / specialist that you are participating in a drug trial for the study drug (you can ask 
your physician to contact the Principal Investigator for any further details)
Tell a study doctor immediately if you have any symptom, complaint, or injury. If you seek emergency 
care or if hospitalization is required at any time during the study, please tell the treating doctor that 
you are enrolled in this research study and that study personnel must be informed promptly.
How will you protect my private information that you collect in this study?
Whenever possible, a study number, rather than your name, will be used on study records.  Your 
name and other identifying information will not appear when we present or publish the study results.
Certificate of Confidentiality
There is a Certificate of Confidentiality from the National Institutes of Health for this Study.  The 
Certificate of Confidentiality helps us to keep others from learning that you participated in this study.  
Emory will rely on the Certificate of Confidentiality to refuse to give out study information that 
identifies you.  For example, if Emory received a subpoena for study records, it would not give out 
information that identifies you.
The Certificate of Confidentiality does not stop you or someone else, like a member of your family, 
from giving out information about your participation in this study.  For example, if you let your 
insurance company know that you are in this study, and you agree to give the insurance company 
research information, then the investigator cannot use the Certificate to withhold this information. This 
means you and your family also need to protect your own privacy.
The Certificate does not stop Emory from making the following disclosures about you:
•
Giving state public health officials information about certain infectious diseases,
•
Giving law officials information about abuse of a child, elderly person or disabled person.
IRB00103001
IRB Approved
5/4/2023


Study No.: «ID»
Emory University IRB
IRB use only
Document Approved On: «ApproveDate»
PI: Edmund Waller, MD                                              Page 10 of 14                                                    Version Date: 06/22/2022
Protocol: Imatinib Protocol                                                                                                                   IRB Form 12142018
•
Giving out information to prevent harm to you or others.
Giving the study sponsor or funders information about the study, including information for an audit or 
evaluation.
Storing and Sharing your Information
De-identified data from this study (data that has been stripped of all information that can identify you), 
may be placed into public databases where, in addition to having no direct identifiers, researchers will 
need to sign data use agreements before accessing the data. We will remove or code any personal 
information that could identify you before your information is shared. This will ensure that, by current 
scientific standards and known methods, it is extremely unlikely that anyone would be able to identify 
you from the information we share. Despite these measures, we cannot guarantee anonymity of your 
personal data.
Your data and specimens from this study may be useful for other research being done by 
investigators at Emory or elsewhere. To help further science, we may provide your deidentified data 
and/or specimens to other researchers. If we do, we will not include any information that could identify 
you. If your data or specimens are labeled with your study ID, we will not allow the other investigators 
to link that ID to your identifiable information.
Medical Record
If you have been an Emory Healthcare patient before, then you already have an Emory Healthcare 
medical record.  If you have never been an Emory Healthcare patient, you do not have one.  An 
Emory Healthcare medical record will be made for you if an Emory provider or facility performs any 
services or procedures for this study.  
Copies of the consent form/HIPAA authorization that you sign will be put in any Emory Healthcare 
medical record you have now or any time during the study.  
Emory Healthcare may create study information about you that can help with your care.  For example, 
the results of study tests or procedures.  These study results will be put in your Emory Healthcare 
medical record. Anyone who has access to your medical records will be able to have access to all the 
study information placed there.  The confidentiality of the study information in your medical record will 
be protected by laws like the HIPAA privacy rule.  State and federal laws may not protect the 
research information from disclosure. 
Tests and procedures done at non-Emory places may not become part of your Emory medical record. 
Also, if you decide to be in this study, it is up to you to let your other health providers know. 
In Case of Injury 
If you believe you have become ill or injured from this research, you should contact Dr. Waller at 
telephone number 404-778-1900. You should also let any health care provider who treats you know 
that you are in a research study. 
IRB00103001
IRB Approved
5/4/2023


Study No.: «ID»
Emory University IRB
IRB use only
Document Approved On: «ApproveDate»
PI: Edmund Waller, MD                                              Page 11 of 14                                                    Version Date: 06/22/2022
Protocol: Imatinib Protocol                                                                                                                   IRB Form 12142018
If you get ill or injured from being in the study, Emory will help you get medical treatment.  Neither 
Emory nor the sponsor will pay for your medical treatment. Your insurer will be billed for your 
treatment costs.  If you do not have insurance, or if your insurer does not pay, then you will have to 
pay these costs.  
Emory and the sponsor have not set aside any money to pay you if you are injured as a result of 
being in this study or to pay for this medical treatment. For Emory, the only exception is if it is proven 
that your injury or illness is directly caused by the negligence of an Emory employee.  “Negligence” is 
the failure to follow a standard duty of care. You do not give up any legal rights you may have by 
being in this study, including any right to bring a claim for negligence. 
Costs
There will be no costs to you for participating in this study, other than basic expenses like 
transportation. You will not be charged for any of the research activities. If the study procedures result 
in any medical complications that would not fall under “injury” as discussed above, the cost of 
treatment for those complications may be charged to you or your insurance.  
Withdrawal from the Study
You have the right to leave a study at any time without penalty. For your safety, however, if you leave 
the study before the final planned study visit, the researchers may ask you to have a final medical 
evaluation.  
If you become sick due to infection such as COVID-19, influenza, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, strep 
throat, etc., or test positive for any such active infection, you will be discontinued from the study.
The researchers also have the right to stop your participation in this study without your consent for any 
reason, especially if they believe it is in your best interest, if you are judged by the investigator to be at 
significant risk of failing to comply with the provisions of the protocol, or if you were to object to any future 
changes that may be made in the study plan. The study principal investigator, Dr. Waller, the study 
sponsor (National Institutes of Health NIH/NIAID/DAIDS), the Food and Drug Administration, and the 
Institutional Review Board of Emory University may stop the study or withdraw you from further 
participation if any one of these listed people or regulatory agencies feels that it is in your best interests 
to stop your participation. You could also be withdrawn from the study at the request of your primary 
care provider, or at the discretion of the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) or other 
government agencies.
Authorization to Use and Disclose Protected Health Information
The privacy of your health information is important to us.  We call your health information that 
identifies you, your “protected health information” or “PHI.”  To protect your PHI, we will follow federal 
and state privacy laws, including the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and 
regulations (HIPAA).  We refer to all of these laws as the “Privacy Rules.”  Here we let you know how 
we will use and disclose your PHI for the study in which you may choose to participate.
PHI that Will be Used/Disclosed:  
The PHI that we will use or share for the main research study includes:
IRB Approved
5/4/2023


Study No.: «ID»
Emory University IRB
IRB use only
Document Approved On: «ApproveDate»
PI: Edmund Waller, MD                                              Page 12 of 14                                                    Version Date: 06/22/2022
Protocol: Imatinib Protocol                                                                                                                   IRB Form 12142018
•
Medical information about you including your medical history and present/past medications.
•
Results of exams, procedures and tests you have before and during the study.
•
Laboratory test results.
Purposes for Which Your PHI Will be Used/Disclosed:
We will use and share your PHI for the conduct and oversight of the research study.  We will use and 
share your PHI to provide you with study related treatment and for payment for such treatment.  We 
will also use and share your PHI to conduct normal business operations.  We may share your PHI 
with other people and places that help us conduct or carry out the study, such as laboratories, data 
management centers, data monitors, contract research organizations, Institutional Review Boards 
(IRBs) and other study sites. If you leave the study, we may use your PHI to determine your health, 
vital status or contact information. 
Use and Disclosure of Your Information That is Required by Law:  
We will use and disclose your PHI when we are required to do so by law. This includes laws that 
require us to report child abuse or abuse of elderly or disabled adults. 
Authorization to Use PHI is Required to Participate:
By signing this form, you give us permission to use and share your PHI as described in this 
document. You do not have to sign this form. If you do not sign this form, then you may not participate 
in the research study.
People Who will Use/Disclose Your PHI:
The following people and groups will use and disclose your PHI in connection with the research 
study:
• The Principal Investigator and the research staff will use and disclose your PHI to conduct the 
study.
• Emory may use and disclose your PHI to run normal business operations.
• The Principal Investigator and research staff will share your PHI with other people and groups 
to help conduct the study or to provide oversight for the study.
• The National Institutes of Health is the Sponsor of the study.  The Sponsor may use and 
disclose your PHI to make sure the research is done correctly and to collect and analyze the 
results of the research.  The Sponsor may disclose your PHI to other people and groups like 
study monitors to help conduct the study or to provide oversight for the study.  
• Other local, US, and international regulatory entities may review participant records.
• The following people and groups will use your PHI to make sure the research is done correctly 
and safely:
o
Emory offices that are part of the Human Research Participant Protection Program and 
those that are involved in study administration and billing.  These include the Emory 
IRB, the Emory Research and Healthcare Compliance Offices, and the Emory Office for 
Clinical Research. 
o
Government agencies that regulate the research including: Office for Human Research 
Protections; Food and Drug Administration.
o
Public health agencies.
o
Research monitors and reviewer.
o
Accreditation agencies.
IRB00103001
IRB Approved
5/4/2023


Study No.: «ID»
Emory University IRB
IRB use only
Document Approved On: «ApproveDate»
PI: Edmund Waller, MD                                              Page 13 of 14                                                    Version Date: 06/22/2022
Protocol: Imatinib Protocol                                                                                                                   IRB Form 12142018
• Sometimes a Principal Investigator or other researcher moves to a different institution. If this 
happens, your PHI may be shared with that new institution and their oversight offices. PHI will 
be shared securely and under a legal agreement to ensure it continues to be used under the 
terms of this consent and HIPAA authorization.
Expiration of Your Authorization
Your PHI will be used until this research study ends.
Revoking Your Authorization
If you sign this form, at any time later you may revoke (take back) your permission to use your 
information.  If you want to do this, you must contact the study team at:
Edmund Waller, MD
Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University
1365-C Clifton Road NE
Atlanta, GA 30322
At that point, the researchers would not collect any more of your PHI.  But they may use or disclose 
the information you already gave them so they can follow the law, protect your safety, or make sure 
that the study was done properly and the data is correct.  If you revoke your authorization you will not 
be able to stay in the study. 
Other Items You Should Know about Your Privacy
Not all people and entities are covered by the Privacy Rules.  HIPAA only applies to health care 
providers, health care payers, and health care clearinghouses.  If we disclose your information to 
people who are not covered by the Privacy Rules, including HIPAA, then your information won’t be 
protected by the Privacy Rules.  People who do not have to follow the Privacy rules can use or 
disclose your information with others without your permission if they are allowed to do so by the laws 
that cover them. 
To maintain the integrity of this research study, you generally will not have access to your PHI related 
to this research until the study is complete.  When the study ends, and at your request, you generally 
will have access to your PHI that we maintain in a designated record set.  A designated record set is 
data that includes medical information or billing records that your health care providers use to make 
decisions about you. If it is necessary for your health care, your health information will be provided to 
your doctor. 
We may remove identifying information from your PHI.  Once we do this, the remaining information 
will not be subject to the Privacy Rules.  Information without identifiers may be used or disclosed with 
other people or organizations for purposes besides this study.  
Contact Information
Contact Dr. Waller at 
•
if you have any questions about this study or your part in it,  
•
if you feel you have had a research-related injury or a bad reaction to the study drug, or
•
if you have questions, concerns or complaints about the research
IRB00103001
IRB Approved
5/4/2023


Study No.: «ID»
Emory University IRB
IRB use only
Document Approved On: «ApproveDate»
PI: Edmund Waller, MD                                              Page 14 of 14                                                    Version Date: 06/22/2022
Protocol: Imatinib Protocol                                                                                                                   IRB Form 12142018
Contact the Emory Institutional Review Board at 404-712-0720 or 877-503-9797 or irb@emory.edu:
•
if you have questions about your rights as a research participant.
•
if you have questions, concerns or complaints about the research.
•
You may also let the IRB know about your experience as a research participant through our 
Research Participant Survey at http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/6ZDMW75.
Consent and Authorization
TO BE FILLED OUT BY SUBJECT ONLY
Please print your name, sign, and date below if you agree to be in this research study, and any 
optional studies you initialed above. By signing this consent and authorization form, you will not give up 
any of your legal rights. We will give you a copy of the signed form to keep.
Name of Subject 
Signature of Subject (18 or older and able to consent)
Date              Time
Month-Date-Year    AM / PM
TO BE FILLED OUT BY STUDY TEAM ONLY
__________________________________________________________
Name of Person Conducting Informed Consent Discussion
Signature of Person Conducting Informed Consent Discussion Date              Time
Month-Date-Year    AM / PM
IRB00103001
IRB Approved
5/4/2023