Conditions: Rabies Human
Keywords: Rabies Vaccine Antibiotics Biopsy
Allocation: RANDOMIZED | Intervention model: PARALLEL
Enrollment: 37
Healthy volunteers: yes

Brief summary:
The use of antibiotics changes micro-organisms in the intestines which may impact the body's vaccine immune response and alter the effectiveness of the rabies vaccine.

There will be two randomized groups (1:1 randomization). Group A will start taking an antibiotic regimen by mouth 3 days prior to vaccination and continue taking antibiotics the day of rabies vaccination and one day after vaccination for a total of 5 days. Group B will only receive the rabies vaccination and will not take any antibiotics. The dosage of each antibiotic is taken from their respective package inserts and does not exceed the maximum dose allowed for each antibiotic.

The purpose of the study is to look at immune response after rabies vaccination with or without the use of antibiotics from day of vaccination to 28 days post vaccination in both groups.

Detailed description:
Vaccination has been one of the most important and cost-effective public health interventions to provide protection against infectious diseases. Since the introduction of the first vaccine in 1796, there have been countless advances in the field. However, numerous gaps remain to be addressed. An important gap is understanding the mechanisms that lead to suboptimal immune responses to vaccination. It has been shown that the magnitude of the immune response produced by vaccines is highly variable among individuals, with both genetic and environmental factors playing an important role. More recently, emphasis is being placed on the role of the microbiota in vaccine immunogenicity. The microbiome is the collection of all microbial cells in and on the human body, with the majority being in the gastrointestinal tract. The composition of the microbiome has the ability to affect B and T cell development, which are important aspects of the adaptive immune system and major responders to vaccination.

Due to this link between microbiome and the immune system, it is important to further understand the impact of the microbiome on the immune response to vaccination. This can be done using systems vaccinology, which is the application of systems biology in vaccinology to predict vaccine efficacy. The aim is to find molecular signatures, or patterns of gene expression induced after vaccination, which can be used to correlate and predict the development of protective immunity. The goal of this study is to determine whether alteration of microbiota by antibiotic exposure can negatively impact the immunogenicity of rabies vaccine, and to assess the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms responsible for that phenomenon.

Half of the study participants will receive the rabies vaccine alone and half will receive the rabies vaccine along with a 5 day course of antibiotics. The primary objective of this study is to compare antibody titers 28 days after vaccination with the rabies vaccine in adults with or without use of antibiotics.

Arms:
arm 1: Participants in this group will receive the rabies vaccines as well as an antibiotic regimen consisting of metronidazole, vancomycin, and neomycin sulfate. arm 2: Participants in this group will receive the rabies vaccine.

Interventions: intervention 1: Rabies Vaccine intervention 2: Metronidazole intervention 3: Vancomycin intervention 4: Neomycin Sulfate
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: A 1.0 milliliter (mL) dose of Imovax® will be given to participants on Day 0 and Day 28 of the study. intervention 2: The antibiotic regimen will be given for five days beginning 3 days prior to vaccination, on the vaccination day, and one day after vaccination for a total for 5. The regimen will include 500 milligrams (mg) of Flagyl taken by mouth three times a day. intervention 3: The antibiotic regimen will be given for five days beginning 3 days prior to vaccination, on the vaccination day, and one day after vaccination for a total for 5. The regimen will include 125 mg of Vancocin taken by mouth four times a day. intervention 4: The antibiotic regimen will be given for five days beginning 3 days prior to vaccination, on the vaccination day, and one day after vaccination for a total for 5. The regimen will include 500 milligrams (mg) of Neomycin sulfate taken by mouth three times a day.

Protocol document:
Prot_SAP_000.pdf: 
 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
1 
Systems Biology of Inactivated Rabies Vaccine in Healthy Adults With or 
Without Use of Broad Spectrum Antibiotics. 
 
NCT number: NCT03557008 
 
VERSION 5.0 
6.28.2021 
 
 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
2 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 
Nadine Rouphael, MD 
Hope Clinic, 500 Irvin Court, Suite 200 
Decatur, GA 30030 
Office: 404-712-1435 
Cell: 404-822-1411 
Pager: 404-686-5500 (PIC 16509) 
Fax: 404-499-9727 
Email: nroupha@emory.edu 
 
 
CO- PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR 
Mary S Newell, MD 
1701 Uppergate Drive, Suite C1104 
Atlanta, GA 30322 
Office: 404-778-4446 
Email: mnewll@emory.edu 
 
 
 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
3 
 
 
 
 
Confidentiality Statement 
The information contained within this document is not to be disclosed in any way without the prior permission of 
Principal Investigator. 
 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
4 
 
 
INVESTIGATOR SIGNATURE PAGE 
Protocol 
Systems Biology of Inactivated Rabies Vaccine in 
Healthy Adults With or Without Use of Broad 
Spectrum Antibiotics 
Version/Date: 
 5.0/ 06/28/2021 
 
Principal Investigator: 
Nadine Rouphael, MD 
Short Title:   Responses to Rabies Vaccine in Adults with or without Antibiotics. 
INSTRUCTIONS:  The Principal Investigator will print, sign, and date at the indicated location below. A copy 
should be kept in the investigator’s records. 
I confirm that I have read the above protocol in the latest version. I understand it, and I will work according 
to principles of Good Clinical Practice (GCP) as described in the United States Code of Federal Regulations 
(CFR) 45 CFR part 46 and 21 CFR parts 50, 56, and 312 , and the  International Conference on 
Harmonization (ICH) document “Guidance for Industry:  E6 Good Clinical Practice:  Consolidated Guidance” 
dated April 19961  and the spirit of the Declaration of Helsinki,  Further, I will conduct the study in keeping 
with local, legal, and regulatory requirements.  
 
As the Principal Investigator, I agree to conduct “Systems Biology of Inactivated Rabies Vaccine in Healthy 
Adults With or Without Use of Broad Spectrum Antibiotics”. I agree to carry out the study by the criteria 
written in the protocol and understand that no changes can be made to this protocol without written 
permission by the local IRB. 
 
 
 
___NADINE ROUPHAEL, MD_______________ 
Principal Investigator (Print) 
 
 
 
___________________________________________                                             ____________ 
Principal Investigator (Signature)                                                           


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5 
Synopsis 
Title 
Systems Biology of Inactivated Rabies Vaccine in Healthy Adults With or 
Without Use of Broad Spectrum Antibiotics. 
Short Title 
Responses to Rabies Vaccine in Adults with or without 
Antibiotics 
Rationale 
Use of antibiotics can significantly impact the microbiota of patients. The 
status of the intestinal microbiome may impact the immune responses to 
vaccinations and alter functional protective immunity in humans. Here we 
hypothesize that the changes in the fecal microbiome induced by antibiotics 
translates into suboptimal antibody response to rabies vaccine. 
Clinical Phase 
N/A 
Mechanistic Study 
Yes 
Principal Investigator  
Nadine Rouphael, MD 
Participating Site(s) 
The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center 
The Hope Clinic is a community-based vaccine research clinic and is the 
clinical arm of the Emory Vaccine Center at Emory University. 
Address: 
500 Irvin Ct, Suite 200 
Decatur, Georgia 30030 
 
Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University 
Address: 
1365 Clifton Road NE, Bldg. C 
Atlanta, Georgia 30322 
Accrual Objective 
N=5-8 for phase 1 
N=24 for phase 2 
N=22 for phase 3 
Primary Study Objective 
To compare antibody titers after vaccination with Rabies vaccine in adults 
with or without use of antibiotics 
Study Design 
Single center, mechanistic study with 3 phases in which subjects will be 
randomized to receive one dose of Rabies vaccine at day 4 of a 5 day course 
of a specific antibiotic regimen (Group A) or Rabies vaccine alone (Group B) 
followed by a second dose 28 days later for both groups. The immune 
responses in the blood and the lymph node will be analyzed. 
Phase 1 of the study will determine the best strategy for sampling the 
lymph node (either by fine needle aspiration (FNA) or by core needle 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
6 
biopsy); phase 2 of the study will determine if there is a difference in 
antibody response in the blood in subjects receiving rabies vaccine with or 
without antibiotics. Phase 3 will compare the difference in immune 
responses in the blood and lymph node in subjects receiving rabies vaccine 
with or without antibiotics.    
Blood samples for immunologic testing will be collected at screening (from 
D -35 to D -2), on D0 (at vaccination), D1, D3, D7 (+/- 1 day), D10 (-2/+4), 
D14 (+/- 2 day), D28 (+/- 5 days), D29, D35 (+/- 1 day), D38(-2/+4), D56 (+/- 
5 days), D180 (+/- 14 days), D365 (+/-14 days) post vaccination for both 
groups to study innate and/or adaptive immune responses.  
Stool samples will be collected in both groups at screening (from D -35 to D 
-2), on D0 (at vaccination), D1, D3, D7 (+/- 1 day), D10 (-2/+4), D14 (+/- 2 
day), D28 (+/- 5 days), D29, D35 (+/- 1 day), D38(-2/+4), D56 (+/- 5 days), 
D180 (+/- 14 days), D365 (+/-14 days) post vaccination to study the gut 
microbiome. 
Antibiotics received by Group A will be started 3 days prior to vaccination 
(D-3) and continued on day of vaccination (D0) and for one day after 
vaccination (D1) for a total of 5 days. 
• 
Flagyl® 500 mg po tid  
• 
Vancocin® 125 mg po qid 
• 
Neomycin sulfate ® 500mg po tid 
The dosage of each antibiotic is taken from their respective package inserts 
and does not exceed the maximum dose allowed for each antibiotic.  
The antibiotic regimen is a broad spectrum regimen covering all types of 
fecal flora (anaerobes, gram positive, and gram negative bacteria); has a 
good safety record; has poor systemic absorption for part of the regimen 
(Vancocin® and Neomycin sulfate®); and part of the regimen is used to treat 
Clostridium difficile infections (Vancocin® and Flagyl®).  
Subjects in Group A are asked to avoid all ethanol and any ethanol-
containing drugs while taking antibiotics and for 48h before and after taking 
the antibiotics. 
Blood samples for safety laboratory testing (including CBC with differential, 
creatinine, potassium) will be collected at screening (from D-35 to D -2) and 
D 7 (+/- 1 day) for both groups (phases 2 and 3). 
For Group A, stools will be screened for Clostridium difficile carriage by PCR 
at screening (from D-35 to D-2).  
Lymph node sampling will be done once in phase 1. Lymph node sampling 
will be done in phase 3 10 days after first and second vaccinations 
Study Duration 
Approximately 66 months 
Primary Endpoints 
Comparison of antibody titers at D28 post first vaccination in both groups. 
Secondary Endpoints 
Frequency, severity, and causality of all adverse events in Group A subjects 
and all adverse events related to sampling of the lymph node. 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
7 
 
Exploratory Endpoints 
• 
Analyses of microbiome at D0, D1, D3, D7, D10, D14, D28, 
D35, D38, D56, D180, and D365, and comparison to baseline 
screening in both groups. 
• 
Analysis of the repertoire and monoclonal antibodies from 
plasmablasts in a subset of vaccinees at D7 and D35 in both groups. 
• 
Identification of innate immune signatures (traditional immune 
parameters measurements + array-based gene expression) at D1, D3 
and D7 in both groups. 
• 
Correlation of innate immune signatures at days D1, D3 and D7 with 
antibody titers at D28 and D56 in both groups 
• 
Description of immune profiling in the blood and the lymph node at 
different time points. 
Inclusion Criteria (Phase 1) 
1. Healthy individuals aged 18-49 years. 
2. Able to understand and give informed consent. 
Exclusion Criteria (Phase 1) 
1. Receipt of the following:  
• 
Receipt of blood products 3 months prior to procedure. 
• 
Receipt of any vaccine 4 weeks prior to procedure. 
2. Presence of co-morbidities or immunosuppressive states such as:  
• 
Chronic medical problems including (but not limited to) insulin 
dependent diabetes, severe heart disease (including arrhythmias), 
severe lung disease, severe liver disease, severe kidney disease, auto 
immune diseases, and grade 4 hypertension*. 
• 
Chronic neurologic conditions including seizure disorder, Parkinson’s 
disease, myasthenia gravis, neuropathy, or history of encephalopathy, 
meningitis or ototoxicity.  
• 
Alcohol abuse, drug abuse, or psychiatric conditions that in the 
opinion of the investigator would preclude compliance with the trial. 
• 
Any history of lymphoma involving axillary nodes or any history of 
breast cancer. 
• 
Impaired immune function or known chronic infections including, but 
not limited to, known HIV,  tuberculosis, hepatitis B or C; organ 
transplantation (bone marrow, hematopoietic stem cell, or solid 
organ transplant); immunosuppression due to cancer; current and/or 
expected receipt of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, steroids** (i.e., 
more than 20 mg of prednisone given daily or on alternative days for 
2 weeks or more in the past 90 days , or high dose inhaled 
corticosteroids***); and any other immunosuppressive therapies 
(including anti-TNF therapy),  functional or anatomic asplenia, or 
congenital immunodeficiency. 
• 
Pregnancy or breast feeding. 
3. Conditions that could affect the safety of the volunteers, such as: 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
8 
• 
History of bleeding disorders or current use of warfarin, aspirin, 
heparin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or other 
blood thinner/anticoagulant medications in the past week. 
• 
Any allergy to lidocaine. 
4. Volunteers with any acute illness, including any fever (> 100.4 F 
[> 38.0C], regardless of the route) within 3 days prior to 
vaccination****. 
5. Social, occupational, or any other condition that in the opinion of 
the investigator might interfere with compliance with the study 
and vaccine evaluation. 
6. Subjects who believe they cannot tolerate the procedure without 
sedation. 
7. Bilateral inflammatory process of upper arms in the past 2 weeks.  
8. Prior breast or axillary biopsy and/or surgery. 
Note:  
*Grade 4 hypertension per CTCAE criteria is defined as life-threatening 
consequences (e.g., malignant hypertension, transient or permanent 
neurologic deficit, hypertensive). 
**Subjects receiving > 20 mg/day of prednisone or its equivalent daily or 
on alternate days for more than 2 weeks may enter the study after 
therapy has been discontinued for more than 3 months. 
*** Subjects are excluded if on high dose intranasal steroids defined as > 
960 mcg/day of beclomethasone dipropionate or equivalent. 
****An individual who initially is excluded from study participation based 
on one or more of the time-limited exclusion criteria (e.g., acute illness, 
receipt or expected receipt of live or inactivated vaccines) may be 
reconsidered for enrollment once the condition has resolved as long as the 
subject continues to meet all other entry criteria.  
Inclusion Criteria  
(Phases 2 & 3) 
1. Healthy individuals aged 18-49 years. 
2. Able to understand and give informed consent. 
3. Women of child-bearing potential (not surgically sterile via tubal ligation, 
bilateral oophorectomy or hysterectomy or who are not postmenopausal 
for ≥1 year) must agree to practice adequate contraception that may 
include, but is not limited to, abstinence, monogamous relationship with 
vasectomized partner, barrier methods such as condoms, diaphragms, 
spermicides, intrauterine devices, and licensed hormonal methods* for 28 
days before and 28 days after rabies vaccination. 
* Women of child-bearing potential using licensed hormonal methods must 
also use a second form of contraception. 
Exclusion Criteria  
(Phases 2 & 3) 
1. Receipt of the following: 
• 
Receipt of blood products 3 months prior to vaccination or expected 
receipt through 12 months after vaccination. 
• 
Receipt of any live virus vaccines within 28 days prior to vaccination or 
expected receipt within 28 days after vaccination.*  


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
9 
• 
Receipt of any inactivated vaccine within 14 days or expected receipt 
within 14 days after vaccination other than study vaccine.* 
• 
Receipt of any antibiotic 3 months prior to vaccination or expected 
receipt 28 days after vaccination. 
• 
Receipt of probiotics and prebiotics 3 months prior to vaccination or 
expected receipt 28 days after vaccination. 
• 
Receipt of proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor blockers, or antacids 3 
months prior to vaccination or expected receipt 28 days after 
vaccination. 
2. Presence of co-morbidities or immunosuppressive states such as: 
• 
Chronic medical problems including (but not limited to) insulin 
dependent diabetes, severe heart disease (including arrhythmias), 
severe lung disease, auto immune diseases, thrombocytopenia and 
grade 4 hypertension**. 
• 
Chronic neurologic conditions including seizure disorder, Parkinson’s 
disease, myasthenia gravis, neuropathy, or history of encephalopathy, 
meningitis or ototoxicity. 
• 
Any history of gastrointestinal disease including (but not only): 
documented bacterial gastroenteritis or gastroenteritis associated 
with fever or associated with presence of blood/mucus in stools in the 
last 3 months; inflammatory bowel disease, and/or gastrointestinal 
surgery. 
• 
Any history of kidney or liver diseases. 
• 
Alcohol abuse, drug abuse, or psychiatric conditions that in the 
opinion of the investigator would preclude compliance with the trial 
or interpretation of safety or endpoint data. 
• 
Any history of lymphoma involving axillary nodes or any history of 
breast cancer. 
• 
Impaired immune function or known chronic infections including, but 
not limited to, known HIV,  tuberculosis, hepatitis B or C; organ 
transplantation (bone marrow, hematopoietic stem cell, or solid organ 
transplant); immunosuppression due to cancer; current and/or 
expected receipt of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, steroids*** 
(i.e., more than 20 mg of prednisone given daily or on alternative days 
for 2 weeks or more in the past 90 days , or high dose inhaled 
corticosteroids****); and any other immunosuppressive therapies 
(including anti-TNF therapy),  functional or anatomic asplenia, or 
congenital immunodeficiency. 
• 
Pregnancy or breast feeding 
3. Conditions that could affect the safety of the volunteers, such as: 
• 
Severe reactions to prior vaccinations, including anaphylaxis 
• 
History of Guillain-Barré syndrome 
• 
History of bleeding disorders or current use of warfarin, aspirin, 
heparin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or other 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
10 
blood thinner/anticoagulant medications in the past week (for 
subjects undergoing lymph node sampling)  
• 
Use of anticonvulsants 
• 
Use of digoxin or other forms of digitalis 
• 
Any allergy to any component of the vaccine or lidocaine (for subjects 
undergoing lymph node sampling)  
• 
Allergy to vancomycin, metronidazole or neomycin as well as other 
aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, streptomycin) 
4. Volunteers with any acute illness, including any fever (> 100.4 F [> 
38.0C], regardless of the route) within 3 days prior to vaccination *. 
5. Social, occupational, or any other condition that in the opinion of the 
investigator might interfere with compliance with the study and 
vaccine evaluation. 
6. Positive C difficile testing by PCR at screening or history of C difficile 
infection. 
7. Any grade 2 safety lab test results at screening  
8. Previously received any rabies vaccine or immunoglobulin prior to 
study entry. 
9. Are at high risk of exposure to rabies: veterinarians, animal 
handlers, rabies laboratory workers, spelunkers, frequent contact with 
rabies virus or with possibly rabid animals, international travelers who 
are likely to come in contact with animals in parts of the world where 
rabies is common, and rabies biologics production workers. 
10. Bilateral inflammatory process of upper arms in the past 2 weeks. 
11. Prior breast or axillary biopsy and/or surgery. 
Note:  
*An individual who initially is excluded from study participation based on 
one or more of the time-limited exclusion criteria (e.g., acute illness, receipt 
or expected receipt of live or inactivated vaccines) may be reconsidered for 
enrollment once the condition has resolved as long as the subject continues 
to meet all other entry criteria.  
** Grade 4 hypertension per CTCAE criteria is defined as Life-threatening 
consequences (e.g., malignant hypertension, transient or permanent 
neurologic deficit, hypertensive). 
***Subjects receiving > 20 mg/day of prednisone or its equivalent daily or 
on alternate days for more than 2 weeks may enter the study after therapy 
has been discontinued for more than 3 months. 
****Subjects are excluded if on high dose intranasal steroids defined as > 
960 mcg/day of beclomethasone dipropionate or equivalent. 
 
Investigational Product(s)/ 
Intervention(s)  
Licensed inactivated rabies vaccine: 
Imovax® (Sanofi Pasteur, Philadelphia, PA) 
Lidocaine 1% 
Antibiotics:  


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11 
Flagyl® (Pfizer, New York, NY) 
Vancocin® (ViroPharma, Exton, PA) 
Neomycin sulfate® (X-Gen Pharmaceuticals, Big flats, NY) 
Study Procedures 
Antibiotic administration, draining lymph node sampling (either by fine 
needle biopsy or core needle biopsy), rabies vaccination, targeted physical 
examination, urine pregnancy testing, phlebotomy, stool collection, 
signs/symptom assessment (local and systemic) and vaccination site 
evaluation. 
 
 
 
 


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12 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 
Page 
Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... 12 
Glossary of Abbreviations ......................................................................................................... 15 
1 
Background and Rationale ............................................................................................... 17 
1.1 
Background .......................................................................................................... 17 
1.2 
Rationale and Study Population Selection ............................................................ 18 
1.3 
Investigational Product(s)/Intervention (s) ............................................................. 19 
1.4 
Rationale for Selection of Investigational Product(s)/Intervention(s) and 
Regimen ............................................................................................................... 19 
1.5 
Risks ..................................................................................................................... 20 
1.5.1 
Risks of Investigational Product(s)/Intervention(s) ..................................... 20 
1.5.2 
Risk of Study Procedure ............................................................................ 22 
1.5.3 
Risk of Concomitant Medications, Prophylactic Medications and Rescue 
Medications ............................................................................................... 23 
1.6 
Benefits ................................................................................................................ 24 
1.6.1 
Benefits of Investigational Product(s)/Intervention(s) ................................. 24 
1.6.2 
Benefits of Study Procedure(s) .................................................................. 24 
2 
Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 25 
2.1 
Primary Objective(s) ............................................................................................. 25 
2.2 
Secondary Objectives ........................................................................................... 25 
2.3 
Exploratory Objectives .......................................................................................... 25 
3 
Study Design .................................................................................................................... 26 
3.1 
Study Endpoints.................................................................................................... 27 
3.1.1 
Primary Endpoint(s)................................................................................... 27 
3.1.2 
Secondary Endpoint(s) .............................................................................. 27 
3.1.3 
Exploratory Endpoint(s) ............................................................................. 27 
3.2 
Study Completion ................................................................................................. 28 
4 
SeLection of Study Subjects ............................................................................................. 29 
4.1 
Subject Inclusion Criteria (Phase 1) ...................................................................... 29 
4.2 
Subject Exclusion Criteria (Phase 1) ..................................................................... 29 
4.3 
Subject Inclusion Criteria (Phases 2&3) ................................................................ 30 
4.4 
Subject Exclusion Criteria (Phases 2&3) ............................................................... 31 
4.5 
Early Study Termination ........................................................................................ 33 
5 
Investigational Product(s)/intervention material(s), other study products (controls/placebos)
 ......................................................................................................................................... 35 
5.1 
Investigational Product(s)/Intervention(s) .............................................................. 35 
5.1.1 
Preparation, administration and dosage .................................................... 35 
5.2 
Antibiotics administration and dosage ................................................................... 35 
5.3 
Accountability of Investigational Product(s)/Intervention(s) ................................... 36 
5.4 
Assessment of Compliance with Investigational Product(s)/Intervention 
Material(s) ............................................................................................................. 36 


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13 
5.5 
Modification or Discontinuation of Investigational Product(s)/Intervention 
Material(s) ............................................................................................................. 36 
5.5.1 
Modification of Investigational Product(s)/Intervention(s) ........................... 36 
5.5.2 
Premature Discontinuation of Investigational Product(s)/Intervention(s) .... 37 
6 
Other medications ............................................................................................................ 38 
6.1 
Concomitant Medications ...................................................................................... 38 
6.2 
Prophylactic Medications ...................................................................................... 38 
6.3 
Rescue Medications ............................................................................................. 38 
6.4 
Concomitant Study Medications ............................................................................ 38 
7 
Study visits and procedures ............................................................................................. 40 
7.1 
Enrollment and Randomization ............................................................................. 40 
7.2 
Screening Visit(s) (From D-35 until D-2) ............................................................... 41 
7.3 
Procedure (screening period or other time points) ................................................ 42 
7.4 
Vaccination visit (D0 and D28) .............................................................................. 43 
7.5 
In-Person Follow-Up Visits .................................................................................... 45 
7.6 
Telephone Follow-Up Visits .................................................................................. 46 
7.7 
Visit Windows ....................................................................................................... 46 
7.8 
Study Procedures ................................................................................................. 46 
7.9 
Study Arm Assignment Procedures ...................................................................... 47 
7.9.1 
Blinding and Randomization ...................................................................... 47 
7.9.2 
Securing Randomization Information ......................................................... 47 
7.9.3 
Requirements for Unblinding ..................................................................... 47 
7.9.4 
Documentation of Unblinding .................................................................... 47 
8 
Safety Procedures ............................................................................................................ 48 
8.1 
Stopping Rules ..................................................................................................... 48 
8.1.1 
Study Stopping Rules ................................................................................ 48 
8.1.2 
Individual Subject Stopping Rules ............................................................. 49 
8.1.3 
Early Termination From Study Vaccines/ Procedures with Continued 
Study Participation/Follow-up .................................................................... 49 
8.1.4 
Follow-up After Early Study Termination ................................................... 49 
8.1.5 
SUBJECT REPLACEMENT ...................................................................... 49 
8.2 
Adverse Events..................................................................................................... 50 
8.2.1 
Safety Reporting ....................................................................................... 50 
8.2.2 
Collecting and Recording Adverse Events and Pregnancy ........................ 53 
8.2.3 
Grading and Attribution of Adverse Events ................................................ 54 
8.2.4 
Reporting Serious Adverse Events to the Independent Safety Monitor ...... 57 
8.2.5 
Reporting Serious Adverse Events to the FDA .......................................... 57 
8.2.6 
Notifying Institutional Review Board .......................................................... 57 
8.3 
Protocol Deviations ............................................................................................... 57 
9 
Sample size calculations and statistical plan .................................................................... 59 
9.1 
Sample size and power calculations ..................................................................... 59 
9.1.1 
Analyses of Primary Endpoint: Comparison of antibody titers at D28 
post vaccination in both groups ................................................................. 60 


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14 
9.1.2 
Analyses of Secondary Endpoint: Frequency, severity, and causality of 
all adverse events in Group A subjects and all adverse events related to 
sampling of the lymph node. ...................................................................... 60 
9.1.3 
Analysis of Exploratory Endpoints ............................................................. 61 
9.1.4 
Patient Populations ................................................................................... 63 
9.1.5 
Study Subject Baseline Characteristics and Demographics ....................... 63 
9.2 
Interim Analyses ................................................................................................... 63 
9.3 
Deviations from Statistical Plan ............................................................................. 63 
10 
Identification and access to source data ........................................................................... 64 
10.1 
Identifying Source Data ......................................................................................... 64 
10.2 
Updating Source Documentation .......................................................................... 64 
10.3 
Permitting Access to Source Data......................................................................... 64 
11 
Quality Control and Quality Assurance ............................................................................. 65 
12 
Ethical considerations and compliance with good clinical practice .................................... 67 
12.1 
Statement of Compliance ...................................................................................... 67 
12.2 
Informed Consent Process ................................................................................... 67 
13 
Publications ...................................................................................................................... 68 
Literature References................................................................................................................ 69 
AppendiceS .............................................................................................................................. 71 
Appendix A: Schedule of Events ............................................................................................... 71 
PHASE 1: (n=5-8) ..................................................................................................................... 71 
PHASE 2: (n=18, randomized 1:1 and additional 6 for FNA/CB) ............................................... 72 
PHASE 3: (n=22, randomized 1:1) ............................................................................................ 75 
Appendix B. Severity Scale for Local Vaccine Reactions (local reactogenicity events) .............. 79 
Appendix C. Severity Scale for Generalized Vaccine Reactions (systemic reactogenicity events)
 ......................................................................................................................................... 80 
 


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15 
GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 
ACIP 
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices 
AADCRC 
Asthma and Allergic Diseases Cooperative Research Center 
AE 
Adverse Event 
CFR 
Code of Federal Regulations 
CRF 
Case Report Form 
CTCAE 
Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 
DAIT 
Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation 
cGCP 
Current Good Clinical Practice 
GLP 
Good Laboratory Practice 
ICH 
International Conference on Harmonization 
IDE 
Investigational Device Exemption 
IFNg 
Interferon gamma 
IIV 
Inactivated Influenza Vaccine 
IL 
InterLeukin 
IM 
IntraMuscular 
PO 
Per Os (by mouth) 
ISM 
Independent Safety Monitor 
IND 
Investigational New Drug 
IRB 
Institutional Review Board 
NCI 
National Cancer Institute 
NIAID 
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 
NF kB 
Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells 
NSAIDs 
NonSteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 
PI 
Principal Investigator 
QID 
Quater In Die (four times a day) 
SAE 
Serious Adverse Event 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
16 
SAP 
Statistical Analysis Plan 
SOP 
Standard Operating Procedure 
Th17 
T Helper 17 Cells 
TID 
Ter In Die (three times a day) 
QID 
Quarter In Die (four times a day) 
TLR 
Toll-Like Receptor 
TIV 
Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine 
FNA 
Fine Needle Aspiration 
CNB 
Core Needle Biopsy 
PA 
Philadelphia 
NY 
New York 
USA 
United States of America 
CDI 
Clostridium Difficile Infection 
IgG 
Immunoglobulin G 
PBMCs 
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells 
PID 
Participant ID 
REs 
Reactogenicity Events 
CTCAE 
Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events 
PCA 
Principal Component Analysis 
PLSDA 
Partial Lease Square Regression 
OTUs 
Operational Taxonomic Units 
SAM 
Significance Analysis of Microarrays 
FDR 
False Discovery Rate 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
17 
1 
BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE 
1.1 
Background 
Vaccination has been one of the most important and cost-effective public health interventions to 
provide protection against infectious diseases.1 Since the introduction of the first vaccine in 1796, 
there have been countless advances in the field. However, numerous gaps remain to be addressed. 
An important gap is understanding the mechanisms that lead to suboptimal immune responses to 
vaccination. It has been shown that the magnitude of the immune response produced by vaccines is 
highly variable among individuals, with both genetic and environmental factors playing an important 
role. More recently, emphasis is being placed on the role of the microbiota in vaccine 
immunogenicity.2 The microbiome is the collection of all microbial cells in and on the human body, 
with the majority being in the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have shown that germ-free mice, or 
those treated with antibiotics, have a poorer immune response to infections as compared to mice 
with unaltered microbiota.3 It has also been noted that the composition of the microbiome has the 
ability to affect B and T cell development, which are important aspects of the adaptive immune 
system and major responders to vaccination.3  
 
A study on trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) done by Oh et al. (Immunity, 2014) 
demonstrated the possible role of microbiota in enhancing vaccine immunity, supporting that the 
microbiome might be a determinant of vaccine efficacy.4 They show that the immune response to 
TIV is reduced in mice that lack toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), which is not a known sensor of viral stimuli, 
but is usually needed to respond to bacteria’s flagellin. This raised the question of the role of bacteria 
in modulating the immune response against viral vaccines. Therefore, they studied the immune 
response in germ-free mice and those that were treated with antibiotics, and found that the 
concentration of TIV-specific IgG and antigen-specific plasma cells in mice exposed to antibiotics was 
fairly reduced as compared to mice who were not exposed.4 This further supported the idea that 
microbiota-derived factors contributed to TLR5 mediated augmentation of immunogenicity of TIV.4  
 
Due to this link between microbiome and the immune system, it is important to further understand 
the impact of the microbiome on the immune response to vaccination. This can be done using 
systems vaccinology, which is the application of systems biology in vaccinology to predict vaccine 


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18 
efficacy.5 The aim is to find molecular signatures, or patterns of gene expression induced after 
vaccination, which can be used to correlate and predict the development of protective immunity.6 
The goal of our study is to determine whether alteration of microbiota by antibiotic exposure can 
negatively impact the immunogenicity of rabies vaccine, and to assess the innate and adaptive 
immune mechanisms responsible for that phenomenon. Imovax® is an inactivated rabies vaccine 
harvested from infected human diploid cells. The reason behind choosing rabies vaccine in this study 
is using an antigen that people are naïve to, unlike influenza vaccine which was used in our previous 
study. To track the response of the immune system to the vaccine, we will draw blood for peripheral 
blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) isolation and perform a fine needle aspiration (FNA) or core needle 
biopsy (CNB) of the draining lymph node, before and after vaccination. Sampling of the draining 
lymph node has been shown to be a sensitive way to analyze the effector memory T cell repertoire 
from the skin after administering an intradermal antigen.7  
 
In summary, the data from past experiments in mice imply an important role for commensal 
microbiota in enhancing vaccine-elicited immunity. It is crucial to determine if these effects are also 
applicable in humans, with the ultimate goal of optimizing vaccine efficacy. Hence, we would like to 
translate the experimental data on mice to study the impact of antibiotic exposure in humans before 
vaccination on the elicited immune response to vaccines. 
1.2 
Rationale and Study Population Selection 
The human microbiome plays an important role in the immune response to vaccination and can be 
altered by the use of antibiotics. Here, we attempt to better understand the immune responses to 
the inactivated rabies vaccines, with or without use of antibiotics, in subjects who are naïve to 
rabies vaccination or infection. 
Approximately 54 healthy adults with no co-morbidities between the ages of 18-49 years will be 
recruited from the general population of metro Atlanta and enrolled at the Hope Clinic, Decatur. 
The above age range was chosen in order to avoid the effect of immune senescence on vaccine 
efficacy and due to the fact that the rate of Clostridium difficile infection is lowest in the age ranged 
18-44 years, with less than 2.5 cases per 1,000 discharges.8 


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19 
1.3 
Investigational Product(s)/Intervention (s) 
The vaccine used in the study will be the Imovax® rabies vaccine manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur 
(PA, USA).9 Imovax® is an inactivated rabies vaccine harvested from infected human diploid cells. 
Subjects in the study will receive the routine adult dose of 1.0 mL given by the intramuscular (IM) 
route, in the deltoid muscle since vaccination in the gluteal area results in less neutralizing 
antibodies.9 Contrary to pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis, where multiple doses of 
Imovax® rabies vaccine are recommended, only two 1.0 mL dose of Imovax® will be given to 
participants, since seroprotection is often obtained with only one dose and the subjects are at no 
risk for acquiring rabies.9,10 Imovax® will be obtained from the Emory Investigational Drug Service. 
The antibiotic regimen will be given 3 days prior to vaccination, on the vaccination day, and one day 
after vaccination for a total for 5 days.  The regimen will include the following antibiotics: 
Flagyl® (11) (Pfizer, New York, NY) 500 mg po tid. 
Vancocin® (12) (ViroPharma, Exton, PA) 125 mg po qid. 
Neomycin sulfate® (13) (X-Gen Pharmaceuticals, Big flats, NY) 500 mg po tid. 
All antibiotics will be obtained from the Emory Investigational Drug Service. 
1.4 
Rationale for Selection of Investigational Product(s)/Intervention(s) 
and Regimen 
The majority of studies demonstrating that antibiotic-mediated depletion of host microbiota 
influences the development and homeostasis of the immune system employed a specific cocktail of 
antibiotics consisting of Ampicillin (1 g/L), Neomycin (1 g/L), Vancomycin (0.5 g/L), and 
Metronidazole (0.5 g/L).  
The basis for using this particular combination of antibiotics is to enable a wide spectrum of microbial 
communities to be targeted for depletion. Indeed, at the indicated doses, this cocktail has been 
shown to effectively deplete more than 90% of the existing flora in the gut and drastically alter the 
composition of the microbiota.14,15  


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20 
For this study, we will use a broad spectrum antibiotic regimen affecting all bacteria in the gut flora 
based on our mice experiments that includes: Vancocin® (with activity against gram positive 
bacteria), Flagyl® (with activity against anaerobes) and Neomycin sulfate® (with activity against gram 
negative bacteria).  
Additional characteristics of antibiotics selected in the regimen include: 
- 
Poor systemic absorption for Vancocin® and Neomycin sulfate® (3%) when given orally which 
should result in less systemic side effects. 
- 
Good safety profile for all 3 of these antibiotics used for more than half a century (Flagyl® was 
developed in 1960, Vancocin® in 1953 and Neomycin sulfate® in 1949). 
- 
Although any antibiotic can cause Clostridium difficile-associated colitis, the current regimen 
includes Vancocin® and Flagyl®, both used at the same cumulative daily dosage to treat 
Clostridium difficile infection but administered in a shorter course of 5 days. For Neomycin 
sulfate®, the cumulative daily dosages are less than half of the minimum daily dosage used to 
treat adult hepatic encephalopathy and a 5-day course is same as that required for treating 
adult hepatic encephalopathy. 
This antibiotic regimen (Vancocin®, Flagyl® and Neomycin sulfate®) will be administered three days 
before vaccination with rabies vaccine, on the day of vaccination and one day post-vaccination in 
subjects randomized to the antibiotic group. This short course reduces the potential risk of bacterial 
and fungal superinfection, as well as preventing the development of antibiotic resistance. 
1.5 
Risks 
1.5.1 Risks of Investigational Product(s)/Intervention(s) 
Rabies vaccine (Imovax®) 
The potential risks of receiving the rabies vaccine include but are not limited to: local reactions 
such as pain, erythema, soreness, swelling or itching at injection site (25%), systemic reactions such 
as headache, nausea, abdominal pain, muscle aches and dizziness (20%) and anaphylactic 
reactions.9  


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21 
Serum sickness type reactions have been reported in persons receiving booster dose (7%); this 
protocol will  provide 2 instead of 3 doses of the vaccine. Also, rare cases of a transient 
neuroparalytic illness have been reported, which resolved without sequela in 12 weeks, as well a 
focal subacute central nervous system disorder temporally associated with rabies vaccine. All 
systemic neuroparalytic or anaphylactic reactions to a rabies vaccine should be immediately 
reported to VAERS or Sanofi Pasteur Inc.9  
There may be other unknown side effects. 
Antibiotics 
Exposure to antibiotics poses a risk for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), typically resulting in a 
mild illness with diarrhea, fever and abdominal pain. Severe cases of CDI have resulted in hospital 
admissions, colectomy, and deaths, mostly in patients with co-morbidities or the elderly. We 
excluded antibiotics with which CDI has been highly associated with, such as fluoroquinolones. 
Flagyl®: The most serious adverse reactions reported in patients treated with Flagyl® have been 
convulsive seizures, encephalopathy, aseptic meningitis, optic and peripheral neuropathy.11 
Peripheral neuropathy is characterized mainly by numbness or paresthesia of an extremity.11 The 
most common adverse reactions reported have been referable to the gastrointestinal tract, 
particularly nausea, reported by approximately 12% of patients, and can be accompanied by 
headache, anorexia, and occasionally vomiting; diarrhea; epigastric distress; and abdominal 
cramping.11   
Vancocin®: Nephrotoxicity (renal failure, renal impairment, blood creatinine increased) has occurred 
following oral Vancocin® therapy in randomized controlled clinical studies, and can occur either 
during or after completion of therapy. The risk of nephrotoxicity is increased in patients >65 years of 
age.12  
Ototoxicity has occurred in patients receiving vancomycin.12 It may be transient or permanent, but 
has been reported mainly in patients who have been given excessive intravenous doses, who have 
an underlying hearing loss, or who are receiving concomitant therapy with another ototoxic agent, 
such as an aminoglycoside.12  


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22 
The most common (>10%) adverse reactions associated with the use of Vancocin® in clinical trials 
included nausea (17%), abdominal pain (15%) and hypokalemia (13%). Other adverse events (>5%) 
included peripheral edema, fatigue, fever, diarrhea, vomiting, flatulence, urinary tract infection, back 
pain and headache. Also, important/life-threatening side effects are rare (<1%) and include vasculitis, 
thrombocytopenia, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and ototoxicity.12   
Neomycin sulfate®: Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neuromuscular blockage have been reported 
with the use of Neomycin sulfate®.13 Manifestations of neurotoxicity may include numbness, skin 
tingling, muscle twitching, and convulsions. The risk of hearing loss continues after drug withdrawal. 
Subjects concurrently receiving other neurotoxic and/or nephrotoxic drugs may have can have a 
possible enhancement of the nephrotoxicity and/or ototoxicity of neomycin.13 Concurrent or serial 
use of other aminoglycosides and polymyxins may enhance neomycin’s nephrotoxicity and/or 
ototoxicity and potentiate neomycin sulfate’s neuromuscular blocking effects. The most common 
adverse reactions to oral neomycin sulfate are nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.13   
All three antibiotics in this regimen can lead to the overgrowth of non-susceptible bacteria. 
Lidocaine16:  
Complications of lidocaine (1%) injection used for local anesthesia are rare, mostly seen if a major 
vessel is inadvertently injected, the recommended dose is exceeded, or as an idiosyncratic 
response. The immediate side effects are related to the central nervous system (lightheadedness, 
confusion, tinnitus, blurred or double vision, vomiting, numbness, twitching, tremors, convulsions, 
unconsciousness, respiratory depression and arrest) and cardiovascular system (decreased 
myocardial contractility, vasodilation, arrhythmias and cardiac arrest). Allergy to lidocaine either 
immediate (urticaria or anaphylaxis) or delayed (contact dermatitis) has been described.  In adults, 
the recommended dose is 7 mg/kg with a maximum of 500 mg. 
1.5.2 Risk of Study Procedure 
The potential risks to subjects are those associated with intramuscular administration of the rabies 
vaccine, possible reactions to the vaccine, having blood drawn, the risks associated with fine needle 
aspiration cytology or core needle lymph node biopsy, and exposure to antibiotics. 
Blood draws: 


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23 
Blood sample collection involves transient discomfort and may cause fainting, which is managed by 
having the subject lie down prior. The blood draw site may bruise, and this can be ameliorated by 
holding pressure to this site following the blood draw. The sites of blood draw are potential sites of 
infection, but this risk is made very unlikely by the use of sterile technique.  
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) or core needle biopsy (CNB) of the lymph node: 
The potential risks for fine needle aspiration and core needle biopsy are rare. They include, but are 
not limited to: tenderness around aspiration site, bruising, bleeding and hematoma formation, as 
well as much rarer complications: infection, allergic reaction to anesthetic, vagal reaction, 
numbness caused by accidental nerve damage, and pneumothorax.17-19 
1.5.3 Risk of Concomitant Medications, Prophylactic Medications and Rescue 
Medications 
We do not anticipate the use of any other medication; however, should anaphylactic or 
hypersensitivity reactions occur, epinephrine (1:1000) and diphenhydramine injections are readily 
available at the Hope Clinic during vaccine use.  
Epinephrine injection can be associated with high blood pressure, arrhythmia, lightheadedness, 
nervousness, restlessness, tremor, shortness of breath and diaphoresis. The frequency of these side 
effects is not defined. Diphenhydramine injection may be required to treat possible allergic reactions 
and its use can be associated with low blood pressure, arrhythmia, confusion, dizziness, sedation, 
restlessness, diarrhea, nausea and urinary retention. The frequency of these side effects is also not 
defined. 
When facing a medical emergency, the clinic staff will follow the institutional SOP by calling 911 first 
(Hope Clinic) or a code to the hospital on call team (Winship Cancer Institute). If needed, the subject 
will be transferred to Emory University Emergency Department for further care. 
Subjects are allowed to use acetaminophen if they experience a moderate to severe local or systemic 
side effects after vaccine administration. Subjects are allowed to use acetaminophen if they 
experience a moderate to severe local or systemic side effects after lymph node sampling. 


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24 
1.6 
Benefits 
1.6.1 Benefits of Investigational Product(s)/Intervention(s) 
The benefit for the study is predominantly scientific, allowing a better understanding of the role of 
the microbiome in the immune response to vaccination and the immune responses in the blood 
and the draining lymph node. However, individuals who receive this vaccine will have some level of 
protection from potential future rabies exposures.  
1.6.2 Benefits of Study Procedure(s) 
None. 


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25 
2 
OBJECTIVES 
Use of antibiotics can significantly impact the microbiota of patients. The status of the intestinal 
microbiome may impact the immune responses to vaccinations and alter functional protective 
immunity in humans. Here we hypothesize that the changes in the fecal microbiome induced by 
antibiotics translates into suboptimal rabies antibody titers. 
2.1 
Primary Objective(s) 
• 
Compare antibody titers after vaccination with rabies vaccine in adults with or without use 
of antibiotics.  
2.2 
Secondary Objectives 
• 
Evaluate the safety profile of the different antibiotics and the lymph node sampling methods. 
2.3 
Exploratory Objectives 
• 
Analyze the microbiome in both groups. 
• 
Analyze the repertoire and monoclonal antibodies from plasmablasts in a subset of vaccinees 
in both groups.  
• 
Identify innate immune signatures (traditional immune parameters measurements + array-
based gene expression) and correlate signatures with antibody titers at several times points 
in both groups. 
• 
Compare the immune profiling in the blood and the lymph node at different time points after 
vaccination.  


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26 
3 
STUDY DESIGN 
This is a single center, mechanistic study with 3 phases in which subjects will be randomized to 
receive one dose of rabies vaccine at day 4 of a 5 day course of a specific antibiotic regimen (Group 
A) or rabies vaccine alone (Group B); all subject will receive a second dose of rabies vaccine 28 
days later after the first vaccine. The immune responses in the blood and the lymph node will be 
analyzed. 
Phase 1 of the study will determine the best strategy for sampling the lymph node (either by 
FNA or CNB). The best timing of sampling is determined by phase 2 of the study and if there is a 
difference in antibody response in the blood in subjects receiving rabies vaccine with or without 
antibiotics. Phase 3 will compare the difference in immune responses in the blood and lymph 
node in subjects receiving rabies vaccine with or without antibiotics.    
Blood samples for immunologic testing will be collected at screening (from D -35 to D -2), on D0 
(at vaccination), D1, D3, D7 (+/- 1 day), D10 (-2/+4), D14 (+/- 2 day), D28 (+/- 5 days), D29,  D35 
(+/-1 day), D 38(-2; +4) D56 (+/- 5 days), D180 (+/- 14 days), D365 (+/- 14 days) post vaccination 
for both groups to study innate and/or adaptive immune responses.  
Stool samples will be collected in both groups at screening (from D -35 to D -2), on D0 (at 
vaccination), D1, D3, D7 (+/- 1 day), D10 (-2/+4), D14 (+/- 2 day), D28 (+/- 5 days), D29,  D35 (+/-
1 day), D 38(-2; +4); D56 (+/- 5 days), D180 (+/- 14 days), D365 (+/- 14 days) post vaccination to 
study the gut microbiome. 
Antibiotics received by Group A will be started 3 days prior to vaccination (D-3) and continued 
on day of vaccination (D0) and for one day after vaccination (D1) for a total of 5 days. 
o Flagyl® 500 mg po tid  
o Vancocin® 125 mg po qid 
o Neomycin sulfate® 500mg po tid 
The dosage of each antibiotic is taken from their respective package inserts and does not exceed 
the maximum dose allowed for each antibiotic.  
The antibiotic regimen is a broad spectrum regimen covering all types of fecal flora (anaerobes, 
gram positive, and gram negative bacteria); has a good safety record; has poor systemic 
absorption for part of the regimen (Vancocin® and Neomycin sulfate®); and part of the regimen 
is used to treat Clostridium difficile infections (Vancocin® and Flagyl®).  


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
27 
Subjects in Group A are asked to avoid all ethanol and any ethanol-containing drugs while taking 
antibiotics and for 48h before and after taking the antibiotics. 
Blood samples for safety laboratory testing (including CBC with differential, creatinine, potassium) 
will be collected at screening (from D-35 to D -2) and D 7 (+/- 1 day) for both groups (phases 2 and 
3).  
 
For Group A, stools will be screened for Clostridium difficile carriage by PCR at screening (from D-
35 to D-2).  
Lymph node sampling will be done once in phase 1. Lymph node sampling will be done 2 times in 
phase 3 10 days after first and second vaccinations . 
3.1 
Study Endpoints 
3.1.1 Primary Endpoint(s) 
• 
Comparison of antibody titers at D28 post vaccination in both groups. 
3.1.2  Secondary Endpoint(s) 
• 
Frequency, severity, and causality of all adverse events in group A subjects and all adverse 
events related to sampling of the lymph node. 
3.1.3 Exploratory Endpoint(s) 
• 
Analyses of microbiome at D0, D1, D3, D7, D14, D28, D35, D56, D180 and D365, and 
comparison to baseline screening in both groups. 
• 
Analysis of the repertoire and monoclonal antibodies from plasmablasts in a subset of 
vaccinees at D7 and D35 in both groups. 
• 
Identification of innate immune signatures (traditional immune parameters measurements + 
array-based gene expression) at D1, D3 and D7 in both groups.  
• 
Correlation of innate immune signatures at days D1, D3 and D7 with antibody titers at D28 
and D56 in both groups. 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
28 
• 
Description of immune profiling in the blood and the lymph node at different time points. 
3.2 
Study Completion 
This study will be considered “completed” when the primary and secondary objectives have been 
met. 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
29 
4 
SELECTION OF STUDY SUBJECTS 
4.1 
Subject Inclusion Criteria (Phase 1) 
The target sample size will be 5-8 subjects who will be part of this phases of the study. With the 
exception of the inclusion/exclusion criteria, there will be no intentional recruitment of particular 
ethnic or racial groups. Subjects will be screened for eligibility according to the inclusion/exclusion 
criteria by history. Informed consent will be obtained for study participation. 
1. Healthy individuals aged 18-49 years. 
2. Able to understand and give informed consent. 
4.2 
Subject Exclusion Criteria (Phase 1)  
1. Receipt of the following:  
• Receipt of blood products 3 months prior to procedure. 
• Receipt of any vaccine 4 weeks prior to procedure. 
2. Presence of co-morbidities or immunosuppressive states such as:  
• Chronic medical problems including (but not limited to) insulin dependent diabetes, severe 
heart disease (including arrhythmias), severe lung disease, severe liver disease, severe kidney 
disease, auto immune diseases, and grade 4 hypertension*. 
• Chronic neurologic conditions including seizure disorder, Parkinson’s disease, myasthenia gravis, 
neuropathy, or history of encephalopathy, meningitis or ototoxicity.  
• Alcohol abuse, drug abuse, or psychiatric conditions that in the opinion of the investigator 
would preclude compliance with the trial. 
• Any history of lymphoma involving axillary nodes or any history of breast cancer. 
• Impaired immune function or known chronic infections including, but not limited to, known HIV,  
tuberculosis, hepatitis B or C; organ transplantation (bone marrow, hematopoietic stem cell, or 
solid organ transplant); immunosuppression due to cancer; current and/or expected receipt of 
chemotherapy, radiation therapy, steroids** (i.e., more than 20 mg of prednisone given daily or 
on alternative days for 2 weeks or more in the past 90 days, or high dose inhaled 
corticosteroids***); and any other immunosuppressive therapies (including anti-TNF therapy),  
functional or anatomic asplenia, or congenital immunodeficiency. 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
30 
• Pregnancy or breast feeding. 
3. Conditions that could affect the safety of the volunteers, such as: 
• History of bleeding disorders or current use of warfarin, aspirin, heparin, nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or other blood thinner/anticoagulant medications in the past 
week. 
• Any allergy to lidocaine. 
4. Volunteers with any acute illness, including any fever (> 100.4 F [> 38.0C], regardless of the 
route) within 3 days prior to vaccination****. 
5. Social, occupational, or any other condition that in the opinion of the investigator might 
interfere with compliance with the study and vaccine evaluation. 
6. Subjects who believe they cannot tolerate the procedure without sedation. 
7. Bilateral inflammatory process of upper arms in the past 2 weeks.  
8. Prior breast or axillary biopsy and/or surgery. 
Note:  
*Grade 4 hypertension per CTCAE criteria is defined as life-threatening consequences (e.g., 
malignant hypertension, transient or permanent neurologic deficit, hypertensive). 
**Subjects receiving > 20 mg/day of prednisone or its equivalent daily or on alternate days for 
more than 2 weeks may enter the study after therapy has been discontinued for more than 3 
months. 
*** Subjects are excluded if on high dose intranasal steroids defined as > 960 mcg/day of 
beclomethasone dipropionate or equivalent. 
****An individual who initially is excluded from study participation based on one or more of the 
time-limited exclusion criteria (e.g., acute illness, receipt or expected receipt of live or inactivated 
vaccines) may be reconsidered for enrollment once the condition has resolved as long as the 
subject continues to meet all other entry criteria.  
4.3 
Subject Inclusion Criteria (Phases 2&3) 
The target sample size will be approximately 46 subjects who will be part of these phases of the 
study. We will screen 100 subjects to account for screen failures and to reach the enrollment goal. 
With the exception of the inclusion/exclusion criteria, there will be no intentional recruitment of 


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31 
particular ethnic or racial groups. Subjects will be screened for eligibility according to the 
inclusion/exclusion criteria by history. Informed consent will be obtained for study participation. 
Subjects eligible to participate shall meet all of the following inclusion criteria: 
1. Healthy individuals aged 18-49 years. 
2. Able to understand and give informed consent. 
3. Women of child-bearing potential (not surgically sterile via tubal ligation, bilateral 
oophorectomy or hysterectomy or who are not postmenopausal for ≥1 year) must agree to 
practice adequate contraception that may include, but is not limited to, abstinence, 
monogamous relationship with vasectomized partner, barrier methods such as condoms, 
diaphragms, spermicides, intrauterine devices, and licensed hormonal methods* for 28 days 
before and 28 days after Rabies vaccination. 
*Women of child-bearing potential using licensed hormonal methods must also use a second 
form of contraception. 
4.4 
Subject Exclusion Criteria (Phases 2&3) 
Subjects eligible to participate in phases 2 and 3 shall not meet any of the following exclusion 
criteria: 
1. Receipt of the following: 
• Receipt of blood products 3 months prior to vaccination or expected receipt through 12 months 
after vaccination. 
• Receipt of any live virus vaccines within 28 days prior to vaccination or expected receipt within 
28 days after vaccination.*  
• Receipt of any inactivated vaccine within 14 days or expected receipt within 14 days after 
vaccination other than study vaccine.* 
• Receipt of any antibiotic 3 months prior to vaccination or expected receipt 28 days after 
vaccination. 
• Receipt of probiotics and prebiotics 3 months prior to vaccination or expected receipt 28 days 
after vaccination. 
• Receipt of proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor blockers, or antacids 3 months prior to 
vaccination or expected receipt 28 days after vaccination. 
2. Presence of co-morbidities or immunosuppressive states such as: 


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32 
• Chronic medical problems including (but not limited to) insulin dependent diabetes, severe 
heart disease (including arrhythmias), severe lung disease, auto immune diseases, 
thrombocytopenia and grade 4 hypertension**. 
• Chronic neurologic conditions including seizure disorder, Parkinson’s disease, myasthenia gravis, 
neuropathy, or history of encephalopathy, meningitis or ototoxicity. 
• Any history of gastrointestinal disease including (but not only): documented bacterial 
gastroenteritis or gastroenteritis associated with fever or associated with presence of 
blood/mucus in stools in the last 3 months; inflammatory bowel disease, and/or gastrointestinal 
surgery. 
• Any history of kidney or liver diseases. 
• Alcohol abuse, drug abuse, or psychiatric conditions that in the opinion of the investigator 
would preclude compliance with the trial or interpretation of safety or endpoint data. 
• Any history of lymphoma involving axillary nodes or any history of breast cancer. 
• Impaired immune function or known chronic infections including, but not limited to, known HIV,  
tuberculosis, hepatitis B or C; organ transplantation (bone marrow, hematopoietic stem cell, or 
solid organ transplant); immunosuppression due to cancer; current and/or expected receipt of 
chemotherapy, radiation therapy, steroids*** (i.e., more than 20 mg of prednisone given daily 
or on alternative days for 2 weeks or more in the past 90 days , or high dose inhaled 
corticosteroids****); and any other immunosuppressive therapies (including anti-TNF therapy),  
functional or anatomic asplenia, or congenital immunodeficiency. 
• Pregnancy or breast feeding 
3. Conditions that could affect the safety of the volunteers, such as: 
• Severe reactions to prior vaccinations, including anaphylaxis 
• History of Guillain-Barré syndrome 
• History of bleeding disorders or current use of warfarin, aspirin, heparin, nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or other blood thinner/anticoagulant medications in the past week 
(for subjects undergoing lymph node sampling)  
• Use of anticonvulsants 
• Use of digoxin or other forms of digitalis 
• Any allergy to any component of the vaccine or lidocaine (for subjects undergoing lymph node 
sampling)  


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
33 
• Allergy to vancomycin, metronidazole or neomycin as well as other aminoglycosides 
(gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, streptomycin) 
4. Volunteers with any acute illness, including any fever (> 100.4 F [> 38.0C], regardless of the 
route) within 3 days prior to vaccination *. 
5. Social, occupational, or any other condition that in the opinion of the investigator might interfere 
with compliance with the study and vaccine evaluation. 
6. Positive C difficile testing by PCR at screening or history of C difficile infection. 
7. Any grade 2 safety lab test results at screening  
8. Previously received any rabies vaccine or immunoglobulin prior to study entry. 
9. Are at high risk of exposure to rabies: veterinarians, animal handlers, rabies laboratory workers, 
spelunkers, frequent contact with rabies virus or with possibly rabid animals, international 
travelers who are likely to come in contact with animals in parts of the world where rabies is 
common, and rabies biologics production workers. 
10. Bilateral inflammatory process of upper arms in the past 2 weeks. 
11. Prior breast or axillary biopsy and/or surgery. 
Note:  
*An individual who initially is excluded from study participation based on one or more of the time-
limited exclusion criteria (e.g., acute illness, receipt or expected receipt of live or inactivated 
vaccines) may be reconsidered for enrollment once the condition has resolved as long as the subject 
continues to meet all other entry criteria.  
** Grade 4 hypertension per CTCAE criteria is defined as Life-threatening consequences (e.g., 
malignant hypertension, transient or permanent neurologic deficit, hypertensive). 
***Subjects receiving > 20 mg/day of prednisone or its equivalent daily or on alternate days for more 
than 2 weeks may enter the study after therapy has been discontinued for more than 3 months. 
****Subjects are excluded if on high dose intranasal steroids defined as > 960 mcg/day of 
beclomethasone dipropionate or equivalent. 
4.5 
Early Study Termination 
Subjects may be terminated prior to study completion from the study for the following reasons: 
A. The subject elects to withdraw consent from all future study activities, including follow-up. 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
34 
B. The subject is considered by the PI to be “lost to follow-up” (i.e., no further follow-up is possible 
because attempts to reestablish contact with the subject have failed). 
C. The subject dies. 
D. The subject develops a medical condition or is started on new medication(s) not previously 
mentioned in the list of prohibited medications that, in the opinion of the investigator, may pose 
additional risks from participation in the study, may interfere with the subject’s ability to comply 
with study requirements, or may impact the quality of the data obtained from the study. 
E. Blood is not able to be drawn (for technical or other reasons) or the subject does not tolerate 
multiple blood draw attempts. 
F. As deemed necessary by the PI or her designee for noncompliance of any nature.  
G. As deemed necessary by the PI after development of a related AE/SAE. 
H. The subject becomes pregnant. 
Subjects with early termination status are replaced as needed to preserve the statistical power 
needed to substantiate the primary endpoint (Refer to section 9.1). 
Note:  
Up to the discretion of the PI, subjects receiving concomitant medications may still continue with 
scheduled study blood draws. Subjects receiving concomitant medications along with subjects with 
early termination from this study for any reason may be replaced as needed to preserve the 
statistical power needed to substantiate the primary endpoint. (Refer to section 9.1) 


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35 
5 
INVESTIGATIONAL PRODUCT(S)/INTERVENTION MATERIAL(S), 
OTHER STUDY PRODUCTS (CONTROLS/PLACEBOS) 
5.1 
Investigational Product(s)/Intervention(s) 
The Emory Investigational Drug Service will purchase Imovax® (Sanofi Pasteur, PA, USA).  The Emory 
Investigational Drug Service will store the vaccines and will monitor temperatures of the 
refrigerator(s) containing the vaccines. All antibiotics (Flagyl® (Pfizer, New York, NY); Vancocin® 
(ViroPharma, Exton, PA); Neomycin sulfate® (X-Gen Pharmaceuticals, Big Flats, NY)) will be 
purchased as well.  Also, lidocaine 1% is used for local anesthesia. Refer to section 1.5, and applicable 
product labeling, for known and potential risks to human subjects associated with the investigational 
product(s) intervention(s). 
5.1.1 Preparation, administration and dosage 
Imovax® Rabies Vaccine 
Imovax® rabies vaccine is produced by Sanofi Pasteur SA. It is prepared from the PM-1503-3M strain, 
and is a stable, sterile, freeze-dried suspension of the rabies virus. The virus is harvested from 
infected human diploid cells and inactivated by beta-propiolactone. The suspension contains less 
than 150 mcg neomycin sulfate, less than 100 mg human albumin, 20 mcg of phenol red indicator 
and less than 50 parts per million of residual beta-propiolactone. After reconstitution, the full 1.0 mL 
vaccine should be administered immediately intramuscularly. If not given promptly, it should be 
discarded. The potency of one dose is equivalent to or greater than 2.5 international units of rabies 
antigen. 
5.2 
Antibiotics administration and dosage 
All antibiotics will be self-administered by the subject by mouth from D-3 until D1 (total of 5 days) as 
stated below: 
• 
Flagyl® 500 mg po tid  


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36 
• 
Vancocin® 125 mg po qid 
• 
Neomycin sulfate ® 500mg po tid 
5.3 
Accountability of Investigational Product(s)/Intervention(s) 
Under Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (21CFR §312.62), the investigator will maintain 
adequate records of the disposition of the investigational product(s)/intervention material(s), 
including the date and quantity of the drug received, to whom the drug was dispensed (subject-by-
subject accounting), and a detailed accounting of any investigational product(s)/intervention 
material(s) accidentally or deliberately destroyed. 
Records for receipt, storage, use, and disposition will be maintained by the study site. A dispensing 
log will be kept current for each subject. This log will contain the identification of each subject, the 
name of the vaccine administered to the subject, the lot of vaccine received by the subject and the 
date and quantity of vaccine dispensed. A similar log is available for antibiotics dispensed for 
subjects. A pill count is performed on D0, D1 and D3 to record compliance to the antibiotic regimen. 
All records regarding the disposition of the investigational product(s)/intervention material(s) will be 
available for inspection by the site monitor and the health authorities. 
5.4 
Assessment of Compliance with Investigational 
Product(s)/Intervention Material(s) 
The number of used vaccine syringes will be tracked and reconciled by the Emory Investigational 
Drug Service. 
5.5 
Modification or Discontinuation of Investigational 
Product(s)/Intervention Material(s) 
5.5.1 Modification of Investigational Product(s)/Intervention(s) 
Unless Imovax® or any of the antibiotics and lidocaine are recalled by the manufacturers, there will 
be no discontinuation of administration of study vaccine, antibiotics or local anesthesia. 


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37 
5.5.2 Premature Discontinuation of Investigational Product(s)/Intervention(s) 
Refer to sections 4.5 for possible causes of early study termination. 


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38 
6 
OTHER MEDICATIONS 
6.1 
Concomitant Medications 
In accordance with exclusion criteria, subjects expected to receive prohibited medications (see 
section 6.4) will be considered ineligible for the study. All medications, therapies, or vaccines 
administered to study subjects after study entry will be documented at each visit. 
6.2 
Prophylactic Medications 
Prophylactic medications will not be administered before vaccination or any other study procedures. 
6.3 
Rescue Medications 
We do not anticipate the use of any rescue medication; however, should anaphylactic or 
hypersensitivity reactions occur, epinephrine (1:1000) and diphenhydramine injections are readily 
available at the Hope Clinic during vaccine use and at Winship Cancer Institute during lymph node 
sampling. 
When facing a medical emergency, the clinic staff will follow the institutional SOP by calling 911 first 
(Hope Clinic) or a code to the hospital on call team (Winship Cancer Institute). If needed, the subject 
will be transferred to Emory University Emergency Department for further care. 
Subjects are allowed to use acetaminophen if they experience a moderate to severe local or systemic 
side effect after vaccine administration or acetaminophen if they experience a moderate to severe 
local or systemic side effect after lymph node sampling. 
6.4 
Concomitant Study Medications 
All medications and vaccines received by study subjects after administration of study vaccine should 
be reported to the study staff and recorded.  This includes, but is not limited to, the following: 
• 
blood products, chemotherapy, immunosuppressive therapy (including anti-INF therapy), 
and radiation therapy (administered at any time after study vaccination). 


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39 
• 
inactivated vaccines (administered before the day 14 blood draw). 
• 
live-attenuated vaccine (administered before the day 28 blood draw).  
• 
any antibiotic aside from the study antibiotic (taken before the day 28 blood draw). 
• 
any probiotics and prebiotics (taken before the day 28 blood draw). 
• 
any proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor blockers, or antacids (taken before the day 28 
blood draw). 
Any of the above medications could affect the innate, adaptive, or microbiome assay results and 
should not be used unless medically indicated.  
Upon the discretion of the PI, subjects receiving concomitant medications may still continue with 
scheduled study blood draws. Subjects receiving concomitant medications and early terminated 
subjects may be replaced as needed to preserve the statistical power needed to substantiate the 
primary endpoint (refer to section 9.1). 


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40 
7 
STUDY VISITS AND PROCEDURES 
7.1 
Enrollment and Randomization 
This research study will be explained in lay terms to each potential research subject. The potential 
subject will sign an informed consent form before undergoing any screening study procedures. 
Subjects who are deemed eligible for the study (see sections 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4) will be enrolled 
and assigned a unique subject number. Enrollment will occur over an approximate 24-month time 
span.  The duration of participation for each subject is approximately 13 months. 
Approximately 54 subjects will be included in the study, which occurs in three phases: 
Phase 1 
Five to eight subjects will undergo both fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (CNB) of 
the axillary lymph node during one single visit after screening. No vaccine will be given to these 
participants. A phone call will be done to ensure subject did not have significant adverse event from 
the procedure. This will help determine the preferred method of lymph node sampling that will yield 
the greatest amount of information on the immune response to the vaccine with the lowest rate of 
adverse events. 
Phase 2 
Approximately eighteen subjects will be randomized to Group A (receiving antibiotics) or to Group B 
(not receiving antibiotics) in a 1:1 ratio. All eligible subjects will receive Imovax® at D0 and D28. No 
FNA was performed as part of Phase 2. 
Phase 3 
Approximately twenty-two subjects will be randomized to Group A (receiving antibiotics) or to Group 
B (not receiving antibiotics) in a 1:1 ratio. Approximately 6 subjects in each arm will undergo lymph 
node sampling at (10 days after the first and second vaccinations). 


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41 
7.2 
Screening Visit(s) (From D-35 until D-2) 
Subjects responding to study ads will contact the Hope Clinic for a telephone screening where the 
eligibility criteria of the subject will be reviewed. If the subject is found to be eligible and continues 
to be interested in participating after reading the informed consent (emailed or mailed to him/her), 
a screening appointment will be scheduled. Study staff will review the informed consent form with 
the subject and will answer all questions related to the study. 
Once the subject signs the informed consent, a study participation number will be assigned. The 
volunteer will be asked to provide demographic information and information related to his/her 
medical history, including current medication use and vaccination history. The subject’s vital signs 
will be recorded, and a targeted physical exam will be conducted as indicated, based on review of 
the subject’s health status. For female volunteers who are of childbearing potential, a urine 
pregnancy test will be performed. Only females with a negative urine pregnancy test will be enrolled 
in the study. 
All other study procedures will differ depending on the group (A vs B) and if lymph node sampling is 
planned or not. 
Phase 1: No safety labs. 
Phase 2: Eighteen subjects will be randomized into two groups in a 1:1 ratio. Group A will be the 
group receiving antibiotics, and Group B will be the group not receiving antibiotics. All subjects 
(Groups A and B) will have blood drawn for safety labs (CBC with differential, creatinine, potassium). 
All subjects (Groups A and B) will have a stool sample collected from them. Nine subjects (Group A) 
will be given the three antibiotics and instructed on when and how to start taking the antibiotic pills 
(D-3 until D1). Subjects in Group A are asked to call the Hope Clinic for any symptom while on 
antibiotics. 
Phase 3: Twenty-two subjects will be randomized into two groups in a 1:1 ratio. All subjects (Groups 
A and B) will have blood drawn for safety labs (to measure CBC with differential, creatinine, 
potassium) and approximately 6 will undergo a FNA 10 days after the first and second vaccinations/. 
All subjects will have a stool sample collected from them. Subjects in Group A will also be given the 


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42 
three antibiotics and instructed on when and how to start taking the antibiotic pills (D-3 until D1). 
Subjects in Group A are asked to call the Hope Clinic for any symptom while on antibiotics. 
This visit will last approximately 60 minutes to 120 minutes. 
7.3 
Procedure (screening period or other time points) 
Study personnel will first review the subject’s current health status, list of medications being taken, 
and note any change since the screening visit. The subject’s vital signs will be recorded. For female 
volunteers of childbearing potential, a urine pregnancy test will be performed. Only females with a 
negative urine pregnancy test will get the procedure. Inclusion/exclusion criteria will be also verified 
before procedure. Subject will have a lymph node sampling (subjects in phase 1 will undergo both 
CNB and FNA, subjects in phase 3 a FNA, as determined by phase 1). 
Phase 1: All subjects will undergo both FNA and CNB at D0 after screening. 
Phase 2: No lymph node sampling  
Phase 3: Approximately 6subjects from each group (Groups A and B) will undergo lymph node 
sampling at 10 days after the first and second vaccinations). 
 
Tissue sampling of an axillary lymph node will be carried out percutaneously. The subjects will 
undergo FNA and/or CNB. Both procedures involve obtaining informed consent, performing a pre-
procedure “time out” with the team and subject present to confirm identity subject and the nature 
of the procedure. Both axillae will be scanned with ultrasound to identify the most accessible node 
for biopsy. Once this has been identified, the skin will be sterilely prepared, and lidocaine 1% will be 
injected intra-dermally and subcutaneously to the margin of the node in question, to confer local 
anesthesia. A small skin incision will be made. Under real-time sonographic guidance, a 21-gauge 
needle (FNA) or an 18-gauge Bard Marquee automated core biopsy device (core biopsy) (Bard Biopsy, 
Tempe, AZ) will be placed. For FNA, 2-4 passes will be made to retrieve cytologic material. For core 
biopsy 3-4 passes will be made to retrieve histologic core samples. After tissue is retrieved, manual 
pressure will be applied to the biopsy site for 5-10 minutes. The technologist will review post-
procedure instructions with the patient. The incision site will be sterilely dressed and the patient will 
be released after vital signs are checked. 


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43 
At the end of the visit, the subject will also be instructed to promptly call the site if he/she develops 
any of the following: 
• 
Illness or treatment from a physician or emergency department; and/or hospitalization due to a 
complication from the lymph node sampling; 
• 
Development of any adverse event that limits self-care activities of daily living (e.g.  bathing, 
dressing and undressing, feeding self, using the toilet, taking medications, and not bed ridden) even 
if he/she decides not to seek medical care. 
Refer to section 8.2 for safety data that must be recorded and reported. 
Note:  Subjects calling the site for any of the above will receive further instructions on the proper 
course of action, including a return to the clinic for immediate evaluation, if appropriate. 
This visit will last approximately 120 minutes. 
7.4 
Vaccination visit (D0 and D28) 
Study personnel will first review the subject’s current health status, list of medications being taken, 
and note any change since the screening visit. The subject’s vital signs will be recorded and a targeted 
physical exam will be conducted, as indicated by a review of the subject’s health status. For female 
volunteers of childbearing potential, a urine pregnancy test will be performed. Only females with a 
negative urine pregnancy test will receive the vaccine. Inclusion/exclusion criteria will be also verified 
before vaccination. Subjects receiving antibiotics will be asked if they have had any symptoms since 
starting antibiotics, and a pill count is performed. 
Blood for immunological assays will be drawn at this visit before administration of the vaccine as well 
as stool collection. The inactivated rabies vaccine (Imovax®) will be administered intramuscularly in 
the deltoid region of the preferred arm of the participant. To ensure safety, each subject will be 
observed for a minimum of 15 minutes following vaccination to note the occurrence of any immediate 
hypersensitivity reactions. After 15 minutes, the injection site will be examined by study personnel 
and subject will be asked for systemic adverse reactions. 


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44 
The subject will be provided with a written description of local and systemic vaccine reactions of mild, 
moderate and severe intensity (Refer to Appendix B and Appendix C).  
At the end of the visit, the subject will also be instructed to promptly call the site if he/she develops 
any of the following: 
• 
Illness or treatment from a physician or emergency department; and/or hospitalization due to 
any illness throughout the entire duration of the study; 
• 
Development of any adverse event that limits self-care activities of daily living (e.g. bathing, 
dressing and undressing, feeding self, using the toilet, taking medications, and not bed ridden) 
even if he/she decides not to seek medical care; 
• 
For subjects receiving antibiotics: development of any of the following symptoms while on 
antibiotics and throughout the duration of the study: 
o diarrhea (≥ 3 unformed stools/24h) for more than 72h with either fever or abdominal pain* 
o tinnitus** 
o vertigo** 
o decrease hearing** 
o numbness/tingling** 
• 
Beginning or discontinuing any medications/therapies during enrollment in the study. 
Refer to section 8.2 for safety data that must be recorded and reported. 
Note: Subjects calling the site for any of the above will receive further instructions on the proper 
course of action, including a return to the clinic for immediate evaluation, if appropriate. 
This visit will last approximately 60 minutes. 
Note:  
*If C difficile infection is suspected, C difficile PCR testing will be performed. If positive, treatment 
and follow up for C difficile infection will be facilitated. 
** if tinnitus, vertigo, decrease hearing, numbness/tingling are present, medical referral will be 
facilitated. 


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45 
7.5 
In-Person Follow-Up Visits 
Phase 1: No follow-up visits are required for subjects from phase 1. 
Phases 2 and 3: All subjects will return for the study-related blood draws (innate and adaptive assays) 
and stool sample collection on Days 1, 3, 7(+/-1), 14(+/-2), D29, 35(+/-1), 56(+/-5),  180 (+/-14), and 
365 (+/-14) post vaccination. Study personnel will review the subject’s current health status, list of 
medications being taken, and note any change since the previous visit. The subject’s vital signs will 
be recorded and a targeted physical exam will be conducted, as indicated by a review of the subject’s 
health status. Additionally, safety labs are obtained at D7 visit for both Group A and Group B. 
On days 1, 3, 7, 14, 29, 35, 56, 180, and 365, study personnel will review current health status, 
including: 
• 
Evaluation of local REs and systemic REs of grade 2 or higher severity developing after the previous 
visit (only until Day 7 Visit) or 7 days after procedure. 
• 
Any grade 2 solicited adverse event (AE) (until D56 or up to 7 days after lymph node sampling) or 
serious adverse event (SAE) (for the duration of the study) which may not have been reported by the 
subject by calling the site as directed at a prior visit. 
• 
Development of any adverse event that limits self-care activities of daily living (e.g.  bathing, 
dressing and undressing, feeding self, using the toilet, taking medications, and not bed ridden) even 
if he/she decides not to seek medical care. 
• 
Any medications administered after vaccination. 
Subjects receiving antibiotics will also be instructed to call the site if he/she: 
• 
Develops any symptoms while taking antibiotics. 
• 
Develops any of the following symptoms for the duration of the study: 
o diarrhea (≥ 3 unformed stools/24h) for more than 72h with either fever or abdominal pain* 
o tinnitus** 
o vertigo** 
o decrease hearing** 
o numbness/tingling** 


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46 
A focused physical exam will be conducted (if indicated) based on results of the review of the 
subject’s health status as outlined above. 
Note:  
*If C difficile infection is suspected, C. difficile PCR testing will be performed. If positive, 
treatment and follow up for C. difficile infection will be facilitated. 
** if tinnitus, vertigo, decrease hearing, numbness/tingling are present, medical referral will be 
facilitated. 
7.6 
Telephone Follow-Up Visits 
Phase 1: A telephone visit will occur 7 days (+/-2 days) after lymph node sampling unless the subject 
has a predefined in person visit to the clinic. 
Phases 2 and 3: A telephone visit will occur for subjects who received antibiotics (group A) at D-3 and 
D-2 to inquire if subject started taking antibiotics and if he/she is tolerating them.  A telephone visit 
will occur for subjects who received antibiotics (group A) at D90 (+/- 14 days) to ensure they have 
not developed C. difficile infection. For subjects in phase 3 that undergo FNA, will have 2 additional 
telephone visits 7 (+/-2) days after each FNA procedure unless the subject has a predefined in person 
visit to the clinic. 
7.7 
Visit Windows 
Study visits should take place within the time limits below: 
D0, D1, D3, D7(+/-1), D14(+/-2), D28(+/-5), D29, D35 (+/-1), D56 (+/-5), D180 (+/-14), and D365 (+/-
14). In phase 3 the FNA procedure on D10 has a window of -2/+4 days. If the FNA occurs on D14 then 
the scheduled follow up visit procedures for D14 will be combined with the FNA visit. 
7.8 
Study Procedures 
Refer to sections 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4 and 7.5. 


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47 
7.9 
Study Arm Assignment Procedures 
7.9.1 Blinding and Randomization 
In this study, approximately 54 healthy subjects will be enrolled. 
During phase 2, approximately 18 subjects will be randomized to be in either Group A or Group B in 
a 1:1 ratio. 
During phase 3, approximately 22 subjects will be randomized to be in either Group A or Group B in 
a 1:1 ratio. Six in each group  will then undergo FNA -10 days after first and second vaccinations . 
The randomization will be performed by the Emory Investigational Drug Service. 
7.9.2 Securing Randomization Information 
The information on randomization is kept at the Emory Investigational Drug Service. 
7.9.3 Requirements for Unblinding 
N/A. 
7.9.4 Documentation of Unblinding 
N/A. 
 


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48 
8 
SAFETY PROCEDURES 
8.1 
Stopping Rules 
8.1.1 Study Stopping Rules 
Study vaccination will be suspended pending expedited review of all pertinent data by the 
institutional review board and the ISM, if Imovax® or antibiotics (Vancocin®, Flagyl®, and Neomycin 
sulfate®) or lidocaine were recalled by the manufacturer.  
Also, vaccination will be suspended pending review of all pertinent data by the PI and the ISM after 
the occurrence of any of the following:  
1 SAE  
1 AE of Grade 4 severity. 
2 AEs of Grade 3 severity of similar type other than expected events. 
2 grade 2 AEs of abnormal laboratory values at D7. 
2 cases of C difficile infections in Group A subjects. 
1 case of ototoxicity. 
1 case of neuropathy. 
1 case of neuroparalytic illness. 
1 case of infection at the site of lymph node sampling. 
2 cases of hematomas at the site of lymph node sampling. 
1 case of pneumothorax from lymph node sampling. 
1 case of persistent (>4 weeks) paresthesia or numbness in upper extremity due to lymph node 
sampling. 


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49 
1 case of persistent (>4 weeks) decreased range of motion due to lymph node sampling. 
8.1.2 Individual Subject Stopping Rules 
Early study termination will occur in subjects due to any of the following circumstances detailed 
in section 4.5. 
8.1.3 Early Termination From Study Vaccines/ Procedures with Continued Study 
Participation/Follow-up 
Refer to section 4.5. 
8.1.4 Follow-up After Early Study Termination 
Subjects receiving antibiotics who are prematurely terminated from the study for reasons other 
than safety events will still be followed to monitor safety for 90 days after the last administered 
dose of antibiotics.  
Subjects who are prematurely terminated from the study due to an AE will be followed until 
resolution of the AE or until 28 days after a subject terminates from the study, or 7 days after a 
subject undergoes lymph node sampling in phase 1, whichever comes later. Resolution of an AE 
is defined as the return to baseline status or as stabilization of the condition with the expectation 
that it will remain chronic. 
After assessing terminated subjects for safety under the provisions stated above, the subject will 
be seen in clinic, if necessary. 
8.1.5 SUBJECT REPLACEMENT 
In the case of premature termination (before D28 samples are obtained), extra patients will be 
recruited, at the discretion of the principle investigator, to maintain the target sample size and 
the statistical power to substantiate primary endpoint. Please refer to section 9 - Statistical 
Analysis. 


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50 
8.2 Adverse Events 
This section defines the types of adverse events that may occur, and outlines the procedures for 
appropriately adverse event collecting, grading, recording, and reporting.   
Information in this section complies with 21CFR 312; ICH Guideline E2A: Clinical Safety Data 
Management: Definitions and Standards for Expedited Reporting and ICH E6: Guideline for Good 
Clinical Practice; and applies the standards set forth in the National Cancer Institute (NCI), Common 
Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 [Published: May 28, 2009; revised version 4.03; 
June 14. 2010, http://evs.nci.nih.gov/ftp1/CTCAE/About.html] 
These criteria have been reviewed by the study investigators and have been determined to be 
appropriate for this study population. 
8.2.1 Safety Reporting 
8.2.1.1 Adverse Events (AE) 
Adverse event means any untoward medical occurrence associated with the use of a drug in 
humans, whether or not considered drug related. 
An adverse event (also referred to as an adverse experience) can be any unfavorable and 
unintended sign (e.g., an abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally 
associated with the use of a drug, without any judgment about causality. An adverse event can 
arise from any use of the drug (e.g., off-label use, use in combination with another drug) and from 
any route of administration, formulation, or dose, including an overdose. 
Any grade 2 adverse event until D28 will be recorded and reported.  
8.2.1.2  Suspected Adverse Reaction (SAR) 
Suspected adverse reaction means any adverse event for which there is a reasonable possibility 
that the drug caused the adverse event.  
Suspected adverse reaction implies a lesser degree of certainty about causality than adverse 
reaction, which means any adverse event caused by a drug. 


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51 
SARs after vaccine administration may include: 
• 
Local reactions: hardening of the skin at the injection site, injection site redness, 
injection site swelling, pain at the site of injection, bruising of the skin at the injection 
site. 
• 
Systemic reactions: aching muscles, headache, fever, nausea/vomiting, dizziness.   
8.2.1.3  SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENT (SAE) OR SERIOUS SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTION 
An adverse event or suspected adverse reaction is considered ‘‘serious’’ if, in the view of the 
investigator, it results in any of the following outcomes:  
• 
Death. 
• 
A life-threatening adverse event. 
• 
Inpatient hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization. 
• 
A persistent or significant incapacity or substantial disruption of the ability to conduct 
normal life functions. 
• 
A congenital anomaly/birth defect. 
Important medical events that may not result in death, be life-threatening, or require 
hospitalization may be considered serious when, based upon appropriate medical judgment, they 
may jeopardize the subject and may require medical or surgical intervention to prevent one of 
the outcomes listed in this definition. Serious adverse events will be reported and recorded for 
the entire duration of the study. 
Examples of such medical events include allergic bronchospasm requiring intensive treatment in 
an emergency room or at home, blood dyscrasias, or convulsions that do not result in inpatient 
hospitalization, or the development of drug dependency or drug abuse. 


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52 
8.2.1.4 Life-Threatening Adverse Event or Life-Threatening Suspected Adverse Reaction 
An adverse event or suspected adverse reaction is considered ‘‘life-threatening’’ if, in the view of 
the investigator, its occurrence places the patient or subject at immediate risk of death.  
It does not include an adverse event or suspected adverse reaction that, had it occurred in a more 
severe form, might have caused death. 
8.2.1.5  Unexpected Adverse Event or Unexpected Suspected Adverse Reaction 
An adverse event or suspected adverse reaction is considered ‘‘unexpected’’ if it is not listed in 
the Summary of Product Characteristics or is not listed at the specificity or severity that has been 
observed; or, if the Summary of Product Characteristics is not required or available, is not 
consistent with the risk information described in the general investigational plan or elsewhere in 
the current application, as amended.  
For example, under this definition, hepatic necrosis would be unexpected (by virtue of greater 
severity) if the investigator brochure referred only to elevated hepatic enzymes or hepatitis. 
Similarly, cerebral thromboembolism and cerebral vasculitis would be unexpected (by virtue of 
greater specificity) if the investigator brochure listed only cerebral vascular accidents. 
‘‘Unexpected,’’ as used in this definition, also refers to adverse events or suspected adverse 
reactions that are mentioned in the Summary of Product Characteristics as occurring with a class 
of drugs or as anticipated from the pharmacological properties of the drug, but are not specifically 
mentioned as occurring with the particular drug under investigation. 
8.2.1.6 Independent Safety Monitoring 
The ISM is a physician with relevant expertise in vaccine trials whose primary responsibility will 
be to provide independent safety monitoring in a timely fashion and to provide recommendations 
regarding the safe continuation of this study.  
The ISM will evaluate safety data generated from study subjects including all SAEs against the 
known safety profile of the study vaccine to assess for possible changes to the overall risk of the 
study.   


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53 
The ISM will communicate with the PI as needed to discuss any safety events of special interest 
developing during the study and when conducting the review of the monthly reports of 
cumulative safety data. The study has provisions for a back-up ISM to ensure that independent 
safety monitoring happens at all times during the study. Additional roles and responsibilities of 
the ISM are described in section 8.2.4 below. 
8.2.2 Collecting and Recording Adverse Events and Pregnancy 
Adverse events may be identified during this study through any of these methods: 
1.  Examination of the subject during study visits. 
2.  Questioning the subject during study visits. 
3.  Receiving a safety report from the subject at any time during the study  
Note: subjects will be asked to call the site if they develop any of the following: 
• 
Illness or treatment from a physician or emergency department the entire duration of the 
study; 
• 
Diarrhea (≥ 3 unformed stools/24h) for more than 72h with either fever or abdominal pain 
• 
Any adverse event that limits self-care activities of daily living (e.g. bathing, dressing and 
undressing, feeding self, using the toilet, taking medications, and not bed ridden) even if 
he/she decides not to seek medical care; 
• 
Local REs and/or systemic REs of grade 2 or higher severity after the previous visit (only until 
Day 7 Visit or at day 35 or 7 days after lymph node sampling). 
4. Receiving a safety report from subject in Group A if they: 
• 
Develop any symptoms while on antibiotics  
• 
Develop any of the following for the duration of the study: 
o diarrhea (≥ 3 unformed stools/24h) for more than 72h with either fever or 
abdominal pain 


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54 
o tinnitus 
o vertigo 
o decreased hearing 
o numbness/tingling 
A complete recording of safety events in the CRF will include event term, date(s) of onset and 
resolution/stabilization, 
assessment 
of 
severity, 
relationship 
to 
study 
vaccine 
or 
procedures/intervention(s) such as phlebotomy, expectedness, determination of whether the AE 
qualifies as serious or non-serious, treatment required, action taken with study participation, and 
outcome. AEs qualifying as serious also require a narrative of the event. Updates in safety events 
will be recorded as additional information becomes available. 
Information on pregnancies will be collected from the time a subject signs the consent until the 
subject completes study participation.  Cumulatively monthly reports of safety data will capture 
any pregnancies and pregnancy outcomes at least on a quarterly basis. 
If a subject becomes pregnant after study entry, the investigator will discuss with the subject 
and/or the treating physician the known possible risks to the fetus. 
Subjects becoming pregnant after study entry will be withdrawn from the study and followed until 
the end of the pregnancy.  A pregnancy resulting in congenital anomaly/birth defect will be 
considered a SAE. Any premature termination of the pregnancy will also be reported and assessed 
as an SAE as needed. 
8.2.3 Grading and Attribution of Adverse Events 
8.2.3.1 Grading Criteria 
Adverse events will be graded according to the criteria set forth in the National Cancer Institute’s 
Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0 [May 28, 2009; revised version 4.03; 
June 14. 2010, http://evs.nci.nih.gov/ftp1/CTCAE/About.html] 
This document (referred to herein as the NCI-CTCAE manual) provides a common language to 
describe levels of severity, to analyze and interpret data, and to articulate the clinical significance 
of all adverse events.   


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
55 
All adverse events whether or not listed in the NCI-CTCAE will be graded on a scale from 1 to 5 
according to the following standards in the NCI-CTCAE manual (A semi-colon indicates ‘or’ within 
the description of the grade): 
Grade 1 Mild; asymptomatic or mild symptoms; clinical or diagnostic observations only; 
intervention not indicated.  
Grade 2 Moderate; minimal, local or noninvasive intervention indicated; limiting age-appropriate 
instrumental ADL*. 
Grade 3 Severe or medically significant but not immediately life-threatening; hospitalization or 
prolongation of hospitalization indicated; disabling; limiting self-care ADL**. 
Grade 4 Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated. 
Grade 5 Death related to AE. 
*Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL) refer to preparing meals, shopping for groceries or 
clothes, using the telephone, managing money, etc. 
**Self-care Activities of Daily Living (ADL) refer to bathing, dressing and undressing, feeding self, 
using the toilet, taking medications, and not bedridden. 
Not all Grades are appropriate for all AEs; therefore, some AEs are listed with fewer than five 
options for Grade selection.  
Anaphylaxis is a disorder characterized by an acute inflammatory reaction resulting from the 
release of histamine and histamine-like substances from mast cells, causing a hypersensitivity 
immune response. Clinically, it presents with breathing difficulty, dizziness, hypotension, cyanosis 
and loss of consciousness and may lead to death. 
Severity grading of anaphylaxis as per the NCI-CTCAE manual is as follows: 
Grade 1= not applicable 
Grade 2= not applicable 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
56 
Grade 3= Symptomatic bronchospasm, with or without urticaria; parenteral intervention 
indicated; allergy-related edema/angioedema; hypotension 
Grade 4= Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated 
Grade 5= Death  
 
Severity grading of AEs of laboratory abnormalities will be assessed as per the NCI-CTCAE manual. 
8.2.3.2  Definition of Attribution 
The site investigator will initially determine the relationship of an adverse event to the study 
vaccine or study procedures (blood draw). The investigator’s determination of causality will be 
used for FDA reporting purposes.  
The relationship of an AE to study participation will be determined using definitions in the table 
below: 
Code 
Descriptor 
Definition (guidelines) 
UNRELATED CATEGORY  
1 
Unrelated 
The adverse event is clearly not related to study.  The event is completely 
related to an etiology other than the study product or study intervention 
(the alternative etiology must be documented in the study subject’s 
medical record) 
2 
Unlikely 
The adverse event is doubtfully related to study and likely to be related to 
factors other than study product or study intervention. 
RELATED CATEGORIES  
 
 
 
3 
Possible 
The adverse event may be related to study.  There is an association 
between the event and the administration of study product and there is a 
plausible mechanism for the event to be related to the study product; 
there may be also an alternative etiology, such as characteristics of the 
subject’s clinical status and/or underlying disease 
 


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57 
4 
Probable 
The adverse event is likely related to study.  There is (1) an association 
between the event and the administration of study product or study 
intervention, (2) a plausible mechanism for the event to be related to the 
study product, and (3) the event could not be reasonably explained by 
known characteristics of the subject’s clinical status and  or an alternative 
etiology is not apparent 
5 
Definite 
The adverse event is clearly related to study.  There is (1) an association 
between the event and the administration of the study product or study 
intervention, (2) a plausible mechanism for the event to be related to the 
related to the study product, and (3) causes other than the study product 
have been ruled out and/or the event re-appeared on re-exposure to the 
study product 
8.2.4 Reporting Serious Adverse Events to the Independent Safety Monitor 
The Principal Investigator will notify the ISM by email of any SAE within 24 hours of becoming aware 
of the event. The initial SAE CRF should be signed by the PI or designee and include as much 
information as possible. 
The SAE case report form will be re-submitted and signed by the PI or designee to the ISM with 
updated relevant medical information as needed until the event is considered closed by the ISM.    
8.2.5 Reporting Serious Adverse Events to the FDA 
N/A. 
8.2.6 Notifying Institutional Review Board 
The Principal Investigator will ensure the timely dissemination of SAE information, including SAEs 
requiring expedited review by the ISM and to the IRB in accordance with IRB regulations and 
guidelines. 
8.3 Protocol Deviations 


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58 
Deviations occur when the Investigator, site study staff, or subjects fail to adhere to protocol 
requirements or when there is non-adherence to GCP as delineated in ICH E6 (R1) guidelines.   
Upon determination that a protocol deviation has occurred, the study staff will a) notify the 
Principal Investigator, and b) will complete the Protocol Deviation form. There could be a 
discussion between the Principal Investigator and the ISM (if needed) to determine the effect of 
the protocol deviation on the study subject and his/her further study participation, the effect of 
the protocol deviation on the overall study, and corrective actions.   
The Principal Investigator will complete and sign the Protocol Deviation form and submit it to the 
ISM if needed and to the site IRB, per IRB regulations.   
Identification of protocol deviations will be done through the quality manager at the study site. 
Reviewing and reporting of minor protocol deviations will be discussed at the Hope Clinic monthly 
meetings. Major protocol deviations will be discussed with the PI and the ISM, as indicated.  


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59 
9 
SAMPLE SIZE CALCULATIONS AND STATISTICAL PLAN 
This is a mechanistic study. Subjects with early termination status are replaced as needed to preserve 
the statistical power needed to substantiate the primary endpoint  
9.1 
Sample size and power calculations 
The comparison of antibody titers will be based in two ways: direct comparison of antibody titers 
expressed in international units (IU), and seroprotection rates. Phase 2 and phase 3 subjects will be 
combined in the analysis, resulting in 20 subjects per treatment group. 
For the comparison of the mean log2 antibody titers between the two groups, with 20 subjects in 
each group, at the alpha level of 0.05, we can reject the null hypothesis of equal means with 80% 
power if the true effect size ((mean0-mean1)/sigma, assuming equal variance) is 0.91 using an 
unpaired two-sided t-test. 
Based on a previous study of Imovax®, we expect the probability of subjects without antibiotics 
treatment reach seroprotection is close to 1. Our null hypothesis is the two groups have equal 
proportions of subjects who will reach seroprotection, and the alternative hypothesis is the antibiotic 
treatment lowers the proportion of subjects reaching seroprotection. The sample size of 20 subjects 
per treatment group will allow us 80% power to detect a difference in proportions of 0.31 or higher 
in a one-sided test of two proportions using a significance level of 0.05. Data Analysis 
Data from the study will be analyzed using the statistical software R.  High-throughput data will be 
analyzed using appropriate methods, either by stand-alone software or modules in leading statistical 
softwares, e.g. the Bioconductor in the R framework. For cytokine data, missing values will be dealt 
with using multiple imputations. For microarray data, nearest neighbor method and local least 
squares may be used to fill missing values. Unsupervised learning techniques such as PCA, PLSDA, 
clustering, and factor analysis will be used for the visualization and identification of global patterns. 
For descriptive endpoints, we will generate summary statistics, and visualize the data using 
histograms and boxplots when applicable. For the identification of innate signatures, the two 
treatment groups will be analyzed separately. 


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60 
9.1.1 Analyses of Primary Endpoint: Comparison of antibody titers at D28 post 
vaccination in both groups 
Comparison of Antibody Titers at D28 and D56 Post-Vaccination in Both Groups 
We will take two alternative routes for data analysis. The first is directly comparing antibody titers 
between the treatment groups; and the second is comparing the proportions of subjects achieving 
seroprotection from each group.  
The first data analysis route is directly comparing the means/medians of the antibody titers between 
the two groups at D28 and D56. The antibody titers of each group will be summarized and presented 
using histograms and strip charts for visual comparison. We will use the t-test to compare the 
mean/median antibody titers between the two groups. The Wilcoxon test may also be used 
depending on the distribution of the data.  
In addition, we will compare the two groups based on the proportion of achieving seroprotection. 
For seroprotection, we will dichotomize the outcome into D28 and D56 antibody titer ≥0.5 IU or 
D28, D56 antibody titer <0.5 IU. We will then compare the two treatment groups by conducting a 
Fisher’s exact test. We will also report the estimated proportion of seroprotection and its 95% 
confidence interval for each group. 
9.1.2 Analyses of Secondary Endpoint: Frequency, severity, and causality of all adverse 
events in Group A subjects and all adverse events related to sampling of the 
lymph node. 
Descriptive analysis, e.g. tables and histograms, will be conducted to present severity and causality 
of all AEs. The frequency will be tabulated. Comparison between the two treatment groups will be 
made using Fisher’s exact test on contingency tables.  
Ad hoc analyses of correlations of reactogenicity events with innate and adaptive immune responses 
may be conducted. 
 


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61 
9.1.3 Analysis of Exploratory Endpoints 
Exploratory Endpoint 1: Analyses of microbiome at D0, D1, D3, D7, D14, D28, D35, D56, D180, and 
D365 and comparison to baseline screening in both groups 
Sequence results will be analyzed using the open source software package called Quantitative 
Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME).20 Primary objective of our analyses will be to characterize 
the composition of microbiota samples and to identify specific microbial communities significantly 
associated with an experimental group. 
Prior to analysis, sequences will undergo quality filtering using QIIME and the sequence quality scores 
annotated to each raw sequence data. The 16s gene sequences will be aligned and clustered using 
UCLUST, which is based on a pair-wise identity threshold of 97%.21 Clustered sequences will be 
assigned to operational taxonomic units (OTUs).22 A single representative sequence for each OTU will 
be aligned using PyNAST to enable taxonomic classification and generation of phylogenetic trees for 
subsequent analyses.20,23,24 
OTUs with taxonomic assignments will allow QIIME to assemble a matrix of OTU abundance in each 
sample. This matrix will then be used to summarize communities by taxonomic composition and 
abundance, which can be visualized together as area/bar graphs or heatmaps. Information from 
phylogenetic trees will be used to compute distances or levels of dissimilarity between microbial 
communities using Unifrac.25 This tool will enable compositional comparisons between samples 
(beta diversity) to be conducted. For this purpose, we will use the OTU matrix to calculate distance 
or dissimilarity of samples between experimental groups using weighted and unweighted UniFrac 
metrics. QIIME will then generate 2 and 3-dimensional Principal Coordinate Analysis plots to 
represent the distance matrix data. Furthermore, QIIME codes a tool based on G test of 
Independence to identify OTUs that are differentially represented across experimental groups. This 
tool will also be conducted and applied to the beta diversity Principal Coordinate Analyses to help 
explain which OTUs are significantly associated with a particular experimental group. 
For longitudinal analyses of samples within each group, semivariogram plots will be generated using 
dissimilarity metrics over time (Euclidean) plotted against community dissimilarity (UniFrac).20,26 


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62 
Exploratory endpoint 2: Analysis of the repertoire and monoclonal antibodies from plasmablasts in 
a subset of vaccinees at D7 and D35 in both groups 
The repertoire and monoclonal antibody levels will be presented as descriptions of the actual values. 
Summary statistics, boxplots and histograms will be used to summarize the data. 
Exploratory endpoint 3: Identification of innate immune signatures (traditional immune parameters 
measurements + array-based gene expression) at D1, D3 and D7 in both groups 
We will take the measurements on the day of vaccination as baseline. For traditional immune 
parameters, we will test if an immune parameter shows significant change over baseline at day 1, 3, 
and 7 after each vaccination, using a two-sided paired t-test. Fold-change (ratio between the mean 
values of the two groups) will be combined with the test p-value in a selection criterion as 
appropriate. Based on previous studies similar in nature, the tentative selection criterion is p-value 
≤ 0.01 and fold change ≥ 3.  
For the gene expression data, we will use the method Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) with 
paired design to find differentially expressed genes.27 False discovery rate (FDR) will be used as 
selection criterion. The tentative selection criterion is FDR ≤ 0.1. 
Exploratory endpoint 4: Correlation of innate immune signatures at days D1, D3 and D7 with antibody 
titers at D28 and D56 in both groups 
For traditional immune parameters, we will calculate the correlation coefficient between the 
immune parameter and the adaptive immune response (antibody titers at D28 and D56). The p-
values associated with the correlation coefficients will be used to select traditional immune 
parameters that are associated with the respective adaptive immune responses. The tentative 
selection criterion is p-value ≤ 0.01.  
For gene expression data, we will use the method Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) with 
quantitative outcome to identify genes that are significantly associated with the respective adaptive 
immune responses (antibody titers at D28 and D56). False discovery rate (FDR) will be used as 
selection criterion. The tentative selection criterion is FDR ≤ 0.1. 


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63 
Exploratory endpoint 5: Description of immune profiling in the blood and the lymph node at different 
time points   
Data will be presented as descriptions of the actual values. Summary statistics, boxplots and 
histograms will be used to summarize the data. 
9.1.4 Patient Populations 
We will use all subjects who are randomized, receive the vaccine, complete at least one day of 
antibiotic treatment, and have measurements at days 0 and 28 in the data analysis. 
9.1.5 Study Subject Baseline Characteristics and Demographics 
A summary of descriptive statistics for baseline and demographic characteristics will be provided for 
all enrolled subjects. Demographic data will include age, race, sex, and medical history, including 
current medication use and vaccination history. 
9.2 
Interim Analyses 
Interim analysis will be conducted after each phase.   
9.3 
Deviations from Statistical Plan 
The principal features of the study design and of the plan for statistical analysis of the data are 
outlined in this protocol. Any changes in these principal features will require a protocol amendment 
and will be described in the final report. 
Although our statistical methods and time-points for measurements will adhere to what is proposed 
herein, for the explorative endpoints, our experience with analyses of similar studies in the past has 
underscored the need for flexibility and adaptability in trying different statistical approaches to arrive 
at the most informative results, especially for the high-throughput data.  
As such, we may use alternative approaches such as the gene set enrichment analyses, or other 
approaches, and run additional statistical analyses of data generated by use of assays at time points 
other than those stated in the primary, secondary and exploratory endpoints, on an ad hoc basis.28 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
64 
10 
IDENTIFICATION AND ACCESS TO SOURCE DATA 
10.1 Identifying Source Data 
The investigator will keep accurate records to ensure that the conduct of the study is fully 
documented. Data forms are either considered source or protocol-specific CRFs. 
10.2 Updating Source Documentation 
Documents describing the safety profile of investigational products, such as the investigator’s 
brochure and the package insert, will be amended as needed by the investigational products 
manufacturer to ensure that the description of safety information adequately reflects any new 
clinical findings.  
The Principal Investigator (or designee) will provide the IRB with the most up-to-date versions of the 
above documents as soon as the Principal Investigator (or designee) becomes aware of any changes. 
For purchased investigational products, the Principal Investigator (or designee) will confirm that 
there are no changes to the package insert every 6 months. In case of package insert changes, the 
Principal Investigator (or designee) will notify the IRB.     
10.3 Permitting Access to Source Data 
The investigational site participating in this study will maintain the highest degree of confidentiality 
for the clinical and research information obtained from the subjects in this study.  Medical and 
research records will be maintained at the study site in the strictest confidence.  However, as a part 
of the quality assurance and legal responsibilities of an investigation, the investigational site will 
permit authorized representatives of regulatory authorities to examine (and when required by 
applicable law, to copy) clinical records for the purpose of quality assurance reviews, audits, and 
evaluations of the study safety and progress.  Unless required by the laws that permit copying of 
records, only the coded identity associated with documents or with other subject data may be copied 
(and all personally identifying information will be removed).  Authorized representatives described 
above are bound to maintain the strict confidentiality of medical and research information that is 
linked to identify individuals.   


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
65 
11 
QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE 
The Principal Investigator (or designee) will keep accurate records to ensure that the conduct of 
the study is fully documented.  The investigator will ensure that all CRFs and subject study files 
are legible and complete for every subject. 
When the CRFs are complete, they will be reviewed and signed by the Principal Investigator or 
designee.  All discrepancies identified will be reviewed, and any resulting queries will be resolved 
with the Principal Investigator (or designee) and the CRFs will be amended as needed.  
The Principal Investigator (or designee), through the use of an internal Quality Management Plan, 
appropriate site quality control, and quality assurance monitoring staff, will be responsible for the 
regular review of the conduct of the trial, for verifying adherence to the protocol, and for 
confirming the completeness, consistency, and accuracy of all documented data and accuracy of 
source documentation verification.  The reports of the internal site monitor will be submitted to 
the Principal Investigator (or designee).  
As per the clinical monitoring plan, site monitoring will be conducted by the independent site 
monitor in accordance with established Good Clinical Practices (ICH GCP 5.1.1, 5.2, 5.18.1) and 
the Code of Federal Regulations, as applicable.  The overall objectives of site monitoring visits are 
to ensure: 
1. 
Site compliance with the current version of the approved protocol, consent, documents 
and local Institutional Review Board requirements. 
2. 
Accuracy and completeness of data entry. 
3. 
Required regulatory documents are current and maintained in the protocol-specific 
regulatory binder. 
4. 
A designated percent of signed consent forms, inclusion/exclusion criteria, primary, 
secondary, and tertiary endpoints, safety monitoring parameters, deviations, and 
serious adverse events are documented. 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
66 
5. 
Procedures are in place to administer and monitor study drug / product accountability 
and documentation of destruction policies. 
6. 
The research staff is adequately trained with respect to GCP and GLP. 
7. 
All observed anomalies or protocol deviations are reported and identify an action plan 
to minimize study dropouts and non-compliance with defined study procedures. 
The results of the site monitoring report will be discussed with the PI, the staff to ensure 
compliance with the monitor’s findings.  
 
 


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67 
12 
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND COMPLIANCE WITH GOOD 
CLINICAL PRACTICE 
12.1 Statement of Compliance 
This study was designed to ensure the protection of subjects according to the ethical principles of 
the Declaration of Helsinki and amendments concerning medical research in human subjects. This 
clinical study will be conducted using current good clinical practice (cGCP), as delineated in Guidance 
for Industry: E6 Good Clinical Practice Consolidated Guidance (1), and according to the criteria 
specified in this study protocol. Before study initiation, the protocol and the informed consent 
documents will be reviewed and approved by IRB, as well as any other appropriate health authorities. 
Any amendments to the protocol or to the consent materials will also be approved by the 
appropriate bodies listed above prior to implementation. 
12.2 Informed Consent Process 
The informed consent form will provide information about the study to a prospective subject or 
subject’s legal representative to allow for an informed decision about participation in the study. 
Prospective subject or subject’s legal representative must be given ample opportunity to review the 
informed consent and inquire about the results of the study. All subjects (or their legally acceptable 
representative) must read, sign, and date a consent form prior to study participation. Consent 
materials for subjects who do not speak or read English will be translated into the subjects’ 
appropriate language. 
The informed consent form will be revised and receive IRB approval whenever important new safety 
information is available, whenever the protocol is amended, and/or whenever any new information 
becomes available that may affect participation in the trial. 
A copy of the informed consent form will be given to a prospective subject for review prior to any 
study procedure. The Principal Investigator or an approved designee will discuss the consent with 
the prospective subject and answer questions. The prospective subject will be told that being in the 
trial is voluntary and that he or she may withdraw from the study at any time, for any reason. 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
68 
13 
PUBLICATIONS 
Publication of any data from this study must be carried out in agreement with the sponsor (Dr Bali 
Pulendran). 
 
 


 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
69 
LITERATURE REFERENCES 
1) Sheerin, D., et al. (2017). "Issues in vaccinology: Present challenges and future directions." Eur J 
Immunol. 
2) Lynn, D. J. and B. Pulendran (2017). "The potential of the microbiota to influence vaccine 
responses." J Leukoc Biol. 
3) Jamieson, A. M. (2015). "Influence of the microbiome on response to vaccination." Hum Vaccin 
Immunother 11(9): 2329-2331. 
4) Oh, J. Z., et al. (2014). "TLR5-mediated sensing of gut microbiota is necessary for antibody 
responses to seasonal influenza vaccination." Immunity 41(3): 478-492. 
5) Li, S., et al. (2014). "Molecular signatures of antibody responses derived from a systems biology 
study of five human vaccines." Nat Immunol 15(2): 195-204. 
6) Pulendran, B., et al. (2010). "Systems vaccinology." Immunity 33(4): 516-529. 
7) Tatovic, D., et al. (2015). "Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Lymph Node: A Novel Tool for 
the Monitoring of Immune Responses after Skin Antigen Delivery." J Immunol 195(1): 386-392. 
8) Lessa FC et al., Current status of Clostridium difficile infection epidemiology. Clinical Infectious 
Diseases 55 Suppl 2 S65 (Aug, 2012).  
9) IMOVAX® RABIES package insert. Revised April 2013. 
10) Aoki, F., Tyrrell, D., Hill, L., & Turner, G. (1975). Immunogenicity And Acceptability Of A Human 
Diploid-Cell Culture Rabies Vaccine In Volunteers. The Lancet,305(7908), 660-662. 
doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)91761-4 
11) Flagyl® package insert. Revised May 2017. 
12) Vancocin® package insert. Revised December 2011. 
13) Neomycin sulfate® package insert. Revised November 2010. 
14) S. K. Mazmanian, J. L. Round, D. L. Kasper, A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal 
inflammatory disease. Nature 453, 620 (May 29, 2008). 
15) S. K. Mazmanian, C. H. Liu, A. O. Tzianabos, D. L. Kasper, An immunomodulatory molecule of 
symbiotic bacteria directs maturation of the host immune system. Cell 122, 107 (Jul 15, 2005). 
16) Xylocaine® (lidocaine HCl Injection) package insert. Revised February 2010. 
17) Rautiainen S, Masarwah A, Sudah M, Sutela A, Pelkonen O, Joukainen S, Sironen R, Kärjä V, 
Vanninen R. Axillary lymph node biopsy in newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer: comparative 
accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy versus core-needle biopsy. Radiology. 2013 
Oct;269(1):54-60. 
18) Abe H, Schmidt RA, Sennett CA, Shimauchi A, Newstead GM. US-guided core needle biopsy of 
axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer: why and how to do it. Radiographics. 2007 
Oct;27(suppl_1):S91-9. 
19) Topps A, Barr S, Pritchard S, Maxwell A. Pre-operative axillary staging in breast cancer: a 
comparison of the sensitivity of fine needle aspiration biopsy and core needle biopsy. In Breast 
Cancer Research 2016 Nov 8 (Vol. 18). 236 Grays Inn Rd, Floor 6, London WC1X 8HL, England: 
BioMed Central Ltd. 


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70 
20) Caporaso, J.G., et al., PyNAST: a flexible tool for aligning sequences to a template alignment. 
Bioinformatics.  26(2): p. 266-7 (2010). 
21) Edgar, R.C., Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST. Bioinformatics. 26(19): 
p. 2460-1 (2010). 
22) Edgar, R.C., et al., UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection. Bioinformatics. 
27(16): p. 2194-200 (2011). 
23) DeSantis, T.Z., et al., Greengenes, a chimera-checked 16S rRNA gene database and workbench 
compatible with ARB. Appl Environ Microbiol. 72(7): p. 5069-72 (2006). 
24) Price, M.N., P.S. Dehal, and A.P. Arkin, FastTree: computing large minimum evolution trees with 
profiles instead of a distance matrix. Mol Biol Evol. 26(7): p. 1641-50 (2009). 
25) Lozupone, C. and R. Knight, UniFrac: a new phylogenetic method for comparing microbial 
communities. Appl Environ Microbiol. 71(12): p. 8228-35 (2005). 
26) Carvalho, F.A., et al., Transient inability to manage proteobacteria promotes chronic gut 
inflammation in TLR5-deficient mice. Cell Host Microbe. 12(2): p. 139-52(2012). 
27) Tusher, V.G., R. Tibshirani, and G. Chu, Significance analysis of microarrays applied to the ionizing 
radiation response. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 98(9): p. 5116-21 (2001). 
28) A. Subramanian et al., Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for 
interpreting genome-wide expression profiles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 
of the United States of America 102, 15545 (Oct 25, 2005). 


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71 
APPENDICES 
APPENDIX A: SCHEDULE OF EVENTS 
PHASE 1: (N=5-8) 
Day 
D-35 
D-2 
D0 
D7 
(+/-2 
days) 
Visit 
1 
2 
3 
Informed consent & HIPAA  
X 
 
 
Demographic and Medical History (including 
medication and vaccine history). 
X 
 
 
Verify eligibility 
X 
X 
 
PID assignment 
X 
 
 
Vital signs 
X 
X 
 
Focused physical exam (only if indicated based 
on review of health status) 
X 
X 
 
Urine pregnancy test (for female volunteers of 
childbearing potential) 
X 
X 
 
Instruction given to study subjects on safety 
events 
 
 
 
X 
 
Blood draw for baseline immunology assays 
 
X 
 
Fine Needle Aspirate of Lymph Node 
 
X 
 
Core Needle Biopsy of Lymph Node 
 
X 
 
Telephone call 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 


_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
72 
 
 
PHASE 2: (N=18, RANDOMIZED 1:1) 
Day 
D-35 
D-2 
D
-3 
D
-2 
D
-
1 
D
0 
D1 
D3 
 
D
7 
+/
-1 
D1
4 
+/-
2 
D2
8 
+/-
5 
D2
9 
D3
5 
+/- 
1 
 
D5
6 
+/- 
5 
D9
0 
+/-
14 
D18
0 
+/-
14 
D36
5 
+/-
14 
Visit 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
Informed 
consent & 
HIPPA  
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demograph
ic and 
Medical 
History 
(including 
medication 
and vaccine 
history). 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Verify 
eligibility 
X 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PID 
assignment 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vital signs 
X 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
Focused 
physical 
exam (only 
if indicated 
based on 
review of 
health 
status) 
X 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
Urine 
pregnancy 
test (for 
female 
volunteers 
of 
childbearin
g potential) 
X 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stool 
sample 
collection 
X 
(X
) 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 


_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
73 
 
 
Day 
D-35 
D-2 
D
-3 
D
-2 
D
-
1 
D
0 
D1 
D3 
 
D
7 
+/
-1 
D1
4 
+/-
2 
D2
8 
+/-
5 
D2
9 
D3
5 
+/- 
1 
 
D5
6 
+/- 
5 
D9
0 
+/-
14 
D18
0 
+/-
14 
D36
5 
+/-
14 
Visit 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
Randomizat
ion 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Administer 
antibiotics 
(Group A) 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assessment 
of health 
status while 
on 
antibiotics 
(Group A 
only)* 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distribute 
assigned 
antibiotics 
and instruct 
subject 
when and 
how to take 
(Group A 
only)  
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vaccination
** 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Study drug 
accountabili
ty (Group A 
only) 
 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Telephone 
call (Group 
A only) 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
*** 
Instruction 
given to 
study 
subjects on 
 
X 
 
X 
 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
X 


_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
74 
 
 
Day 
D-35 
D-2 
D
-3 
D
-2 
D
-
1 
D
0 
D1 
D3 
 
D
7 
+/
-1 
D1
4 
+/-
2 
D2
8 
+/-
5 
D2
9 
D3
5 
+/- 
1 
 
D5
6 
+/- 
5 
D9
0 
+/-
14 
D18
0 
+/-
14 
D36
5 
+/-
14 
Visit 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
safety 
events and 
concomitan
t 
medications
. 
 
Assessment 
of health 
status after 
administrati
on of study 
vaccine 
 
 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
Blood draw 
for Innate 
Assays and 
Adaptive 
Assays **** 
 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
Blood draw 
for safety 
labs***** 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Footnotes: 
*Subjects in Group A are asked to report any symptoms experienced while on antibiotics (from D-3 until D1).  
**Any Adverse Event (including – but not limited to- vaccine reactions and local or systemic reactogenicity Events) of grade 2 or 
higher severity or serious adverse event (SAE) occurring after vaccination while the subject is still at the clinical site will be 
recorded and reported. 
*** Instruction includes the following: 
1. Subjects will be provided (on Day 0 only) with a written description of local and systemic vaccine reactions of mild, 
moderate and severe intensity and instructed to call the site to report reactogencity events of grade 2 or higher 
severity within 1 week following vaccination or procedure. 
2. Subjects will also be instructed to promptly call the site if he/she develops any of the following: 
• 
Illness or treatment from a physician or emergency department; and/or hospitalization due to any illness 
throughout the entire duration of the study; 
• 
Any adverse event that limits self-care activities of daily living (e.g.  bathing, dressing and undressing, 
feeding self, using the toilet, taking medications, and not bed ridden) even if he/she decides not to seek 
medical care; or 
• 
Any of the following symptoms for the duration of the study (Group A subject only): 
o 
diarrhea (≥ 3 unformed stools/24h) for more than 72h with either fever or abdominal pain 
o 
tinnitus 
o 
vertigo 
o 
decrease hearing 
o 
numbness/tingling 
• 
he/she starts/stops medications during enrollment in the study. 


_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
75 
 
 
**** Innate assays will not be conducted at day 28 and at later timepoints. Adaptive assays will not be conducted at days 1 and 
3. 
*****Safety labs include CBC with differential, creatinine, and potassium.  
 
 
 
PHASE 3: (N=22, RANDOMIZED 1:1) 
Day 
D-
35 
D-2 
D-3 
D-2 
D-1 
D0 
D1 
D3 
 
D7 
+/-
1 
D1
0 -
2/+
4 
D1
7+/
-2 
D2
8 
+/-
5 
D3
5 
+/- 
1 
 
D3
8 
-
2/+
4 
D4
5+/
-2 
D5
6 
+/- 
5 
D9
0 
D1
80 
+/-
14 
D3
65 
+/-
14 
Visit 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
 
9 
10 
11 
 
12 
13 
14 
15 
Informed 
consent & 
HIPPA  
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demographi
c and 
Medical 
History 
(including 
medication 
and vaccine 
history). 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Verify 
eligibility 
X 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PID 
assignment 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vital signs 
X 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
X 
Focused 
physical 
exam (only 
if indicated 
based on 
review of 
health 
status) 
X 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
X 
Urine 
pregnancy 
test (for 
female 
volunteers 
of 
X 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
76 
 
 
Day 
D-
35 
D-2 
D-3 
D-2 
D-1 
D0 
D1 
D3 
 
D7 
+/-
1 
D1
0 -
2/+
4 
D1
7+/
-2 
D2
8 
+/-
5 
D3
5 
+/- 
1 
 
D3
8 
-
2/+
4 
D4
5+/
-2 
D5
6 
+/- 
5 
D9
0 
D1
80 
+/-
14 
D3
65 
+/-
14 
Visit 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
 
9 
10 
11 
 
12 
13 
14 
15 
childbearing 
potential) 
Stool 
sample 
collection 
X 
(X) 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
X 
Randomizati
on 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Administer 
antibiotics 
(Group A) 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assessment 
of health 
status while 
on 
antibiotics 
(Group A 
only)* 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distribute 
assigned 
antibiotics 
and instruct 
subject 
when and 
how to take 
(Group A 
only)  
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vaccination
** 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Study drug 
accountabili
ty (Group A 
only) 
 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Telephone 
call (Group 
A only) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
X 
 
 


_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
77 
 
 
 
Footnotes: 
*Subjects in Group A are asked to report any symptoms experienced while on antibiotics (from D-3 until D1).  
**Any Adverse Event (including – but not limited to- vaccine reactions and local or systemic Reactogenicity Events) of grade 2 
or higher severity or serious adverse event (SAE) occurring after vaccination while the subject is still at the clinical site will be 
recorded and reported. 
*** Instruction includes the following: 
1. Subjects will be provided (on Day 0 only) with a written description of local and systemic vaccine reactions of mild, 
moderate and severe intensity and instructed to call the site to report reactogencity events of grade 2 or higher 
severity within 1 week following vaccination. 
Day 
D-
35 
D-2 
D-3 
D-2 
D-1 
D0 
D1 
D3 
 
D7 
+/-
1 
D1
0 -
2/+
4 
D1
7+/
-2 
D2
8 
+/-
5 
D3
5 
+/- 
1 
 
D3
8 
-
2/+
4 
D4
5+/
-2 
D5
6 
+/- 
5 
D9
0 
D1
80 
+/-
14 
D3
65 
+/-
14 
Visit 
1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
 
9 
10 
11 
 
12 
13 
14 
15 
*** 
Instruction 
given to 
study 
subjects on 
safety 
events and 
concomitant 
medications
. 
 
X 
 
X 
 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
X 
Assessment 
of health 
status after 
administrati
on of study 
vaccine 
 
 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
X 
Blood draw 
for Innate 
Assays and 
Adaptive 
Assays **** 
 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
 
X 
 
X 
X 
Blood draw 
for safety 
labs***** 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fine Needle 
Aspirate or 
Core Needle 
Biopsy****
** 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 


_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
78 
 
 
2. Subjects will also be instructed to promptly call the site if he/she develops any of the following: 
• 
Illness or treatment from a physician or emergency department; and/or hospitalization due to any illness 
throughout the entire duration of the study; 
• 
Any adverse event that limits self-care activities of daily living (e.g.  bathing, dressing and undressing, 
feeding self, using the toilet, taking medications, and not bed ridden) even if he/she decides not to seek 
medical care; or 
• 
Any of the following symptoms for the duration of the study (Group A subject only): 
o 
diarrhea (≥ 3 unformed stools/24h) for more than 72h with either fever or abdominal pain 
o 
tinnitus 
o 
vertigo 
o 
decrease hearing 
o 
numbness/tingling 
• 
He/she starts/stops medications during enrollment in the study. 
**** Innate assays will not be conducted at day 28 and at later timepoints. Adaptive assays will not be conducted at days 1 and 
3. 
***** Safety labs include CBC with differential, creatinine, and potassium.  
******FNA will be performed 10 days after each vaccination; D10 and D14 can be combined. A telephone visit will occur 7 days 
(+/-2 days) after lymph node sampling unless the subject has a predefined in person visit to the clinic.  
 
 


_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
79 
 
 
APPENDIX B. SEVERITY SCALE FOR LOCAL VACCINE REACTIONS (LOCAL 
REACTOGENICITY EVENTS) 
 
INJECTION SITE REACTIONS 
 
Grade 
 
1 
2 
3 
Swelling/ 
Induration/ 
Mild induration, able to 
move skin parallel to 
plane (sliding) and 
perpendicular to skin 
(pinching up) 
Moderate induration, 
able to slide skin, unable 
to pinch skin; limiting 
instrumental activities of 
daily living 
Severe induration, unable to slide 
or pinch skin; limiting arm 
movement limiting self-care 
activities of daily living 
Redness/ 
erythema 
Asymptomatic or mild 
symptoms; intervention 
not indicated 
Moderate; minimal, 
local; limiting age-
appropriate instrumental 
activities of daily living 
Severe but not immediately life-
threatening; hospitalization or 
prolongation of existing 
hospitalization indicated; 
disabling; limiting self-care 
activities of daily living 
Pain/tenderness 
Mild 
Moderate pain; limiting 
instrumental activities of 
daily living 
Severe pain; limiting self-care 
activities of daily living 
Pruritis (Itching) 
Mild 
Moderate itching 
limiting daily activity 
Severe itching 
limiting daily activity 
Note: 
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living refer to preparing meals, shopping for groceries or clothes,  
using the telephone, managing money, etc. 
Self-care Activities of Daily Living refer to bathing, dressing and undressing, feeding self, using the  
toilet, taking medications, and not bedridden. 


_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
80 
 
 
APPENDIX C. SEVERITY SCALE FOR GENERALIZED VACCINE REACTIONS 
(SYSTEMIC REACTOGENICITY EVENTS) 
 
GENERAL ADVERSE REACTIONS  
 
Grade 
 
1 
2 
3 
Fatigue 
No interference with 
activity 
Some interference with 
activity 
Significant; prevents daily 
activity  
Muscle aches 
(myalgia) 
No interference with 
activity 
Some interference with 
activity 
Significant; prevents daily 
activity  
Dizziness 
No interference with 
activity 
Some interference with 
activity 
Significant; prevents daily 
activity 
Nausea/vomiting 
No interference with 
activity or 1-2 
episodes/24 hours 
Some interference with 
activity or >2 episodes/24 
hours 
Prevents daily activity, requires 
outpatient IV hydration 
Headache 
No interference with 
activity 
Repeated use of non-narcotic 
pain reliever> 24 hours or 
some interference with 
activity 
Significant; any use of narcotic 
pain reliever or prevents daily 
activity  
Abdominal pain 
No interference with 
activity 
Some interference with 
activity 
Significant; prevents daily 
activity 
Fever 
38.0 - 39.0 degrees C 
(100.4 - 102.2 
degrees F) 
>39.0 - 40.0 degrees C (102.3 
- 104.0 degrees F) 
>40.0 degrees C (>104.0 degrees 
F) for <=24 hrs 
Note: 
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living refer to preparing meals, shopping for groceries or clothes,  
using the telephone, managing money, etc. 
Self-care Activities of Daily Living refer to bathing, dressing and undressing, feeding self, using the  
toilet, taking medications, and not bedridden 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
81 
 
 
 
 
 
APPENDIX D: SITE CLINICAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN 
 
EMORY UNIVERSITY CLINICAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN 
VERSION 8.0, 11-DEC 2020 
 
1.0 
SITE IDENTIFICATION 
1.1 
SITE IDENTIFICATION: 
 
THE HOPE CLINIC OF THE EMORY VACCINE CENTER, 500 IRVIN COURT, SUITE 200, DECATUR, GA 30030 
 
THE HOPE CLINIC OF THE EMORY VACCINE CENTER, 484 IRVIN COURT, SUITE 230, DECATUR, GA 30030 
 
EMORY CHILDREN’S CENTER VACCINE RESEARCH CLINIC (ECC-VRC), 2015 UPPERGATE DR, ATLANTA, GA 
30322 
 
EMORY UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, 1364 CLIFTON RD NE, ATLANTA, GA 30322 
 
EMORY UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL-MIDTOWN, 550 PEACHTREE ST NE, ATLANTA, GA 30308 EMORY SAINT 
JOSEPH HOSPITAL, 5665 PEACHTREE DUNWOODY RD, ATLANTA, GA 30342 EMORY DECATUR HOSPITAL, 
2701 N DECATUR RD, DECATUR, GA 30033 
GRADY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 80 JESSE HILL JR. DRIVE SE, ATLANTA, GA 30303 
 
THE ATLANTA VETERANS AFFAIRS (VA) MEDICAL CENTER, 1670 CLAIRMONT ROAD, DECATUR, GA 30033 
 
1.2 
WHEN VTEU/IDCRC STUDIES ARE CONDUCTED AT THE SITES LISTED ABOVE OUR CQMP 
PLAN WILL BE FOLLOWED. 
 
2.0 
SCOPE AND RESPONSIBILITY 
THE QUALITY MANAGERS AT THE HOPE CLINIC AND EMORY CHILDREN’S CENTER VACCINE RESEARCH 
CLINIC (ECC-VRC) AT EMORY UNIVERSITY HAVE BEEN DESIGNATED BY THE PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR, 
NADINE ROUPHAEL, MD AND EVAN ANDERSON, MD TO DEVELOP, IMPLEMENT, AND OVERSEE ALL 
FUNCTIONS OF THIS QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR FEDERALLY FUNDED AND HUMAN SUBJECTS 
RESEARCH/CLINICAL TRIALS. PER INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR HARMONIZATION (ICH) GCP E6 (R2) THE 
INVESTIGATOR IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SUPERVISING ANY INDIVIDUAL OR PARTY TO WHOM THE 
INVESTIGATOR DELEGATES STUDY TASKS CONDUCTED AT THE TRIAL SITE. 
 


_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
82 
 
 
NADINE ROUPHAEL, MD IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN AT THE HOPE CLINIC 
AND EVAN ANDERSON, MD, AT THE ECC-VRC. 
 
THE QUALITY MANAGER ENSURES DELEGATED STAFF AND RESPECTIVE FUNCTIONS ARE DOCUMENTED 
ON THE STUDY PERSONNEL/SITE RESPONSIBILITY-SIGNATURE LOG OR EQUIVALENT DELEGATION OF 
RESPONSIBILITY LOG VIA 
  
QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) REVIEW OF EACH INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD (IRB) APPROVED STUDY 
PRIOR TO INITIATION OF ENROLLMENT AND IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO STUDY TERMINATION. 
 
3.0 
CLINICAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROCESS DESCRIPTION 
3.1 
PER ICH E6 (R2), INVESTIGATOR SECTION 4.9 RECORDS AND REPORTS, THE INVESTIGATOR 
SHOULD MAINTAIN ADEQUATE AND ACCURATE SOURCE DOCUMENTS (SD) AND TRIAL RECORDS THAT 
INCLUDE ALL PERTINENT OBSERVATIONS ON EACH OF THE SITE’S TRIAL SUBJECTS. SOURCE DATA 
SHOULD FOLLOW A.L.C.O.A.C. PRINCIPLES (ATTRIBUTABLE, LEGIBLE, CONTEMPORANEOUS, ORIGINAL, 
ACCURATE, AND COMPLETE). CHANGES TO SOURCE DATA SHOULD BE TRACEABLE, SHOULD NOT 
OBSCURE THE ORIGINAL ENTRY AND SHOULD BE EXPLAINED, IF NECESSARY, (E.G, VIA AN AUDIT TRAIL). 
THESE GUIDELINES/PRINCIPLES WILL BE APPLIED TO ALL FEDERALLY FUNDED ACTIVITIES, AS WELL AS 
ALL HUMAN SUBJECT RESEARCH STUDIES AND CLINICAL TRIALS PREFORMED AT THE HOPE CLINIC AND 
THE ECC-VRC. ALL RECORDS WILL BE KEPT IN AUDIT READY PREPAREDNESS WITH EMPHASIS ON 
WRITTEN PROCESSES (STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOPS), SOURCE DOCUMENTS, CORRECTIVE 
AND PREVENTIVE ACTION PLANS (CAPA) AND HOW THEY WERE CARRIED OUT AND/OR EVALUATED. 
 
3.2 
QUALITY CONTROL (QC) ACTIVITIES: QUALITY CONTROL IS DEFINED AS THE REAL TIME, 
“DAY-TO-DAY”, OBSERVATION AND DOCUMENTATION OF THE SITES’ WORK PROCESSES TO ENSURE 
THAT ACCEPTED PROCEDURES ARE FOLLOWED. 
 
3.2.1 
APPLICABLE SITE STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES WILL BE FOLLOWED SUCH AS: 
• 
INFORMED CONSENT PROCESS 
• 
REPORTING OF ABNORMAL LABORATORY RESULTS 
• 
SOURCE DOCUMENTATION GUIDELINES 
• 
DIRECT DATA ENTRY (DDE) GUIDELINES (SEE DIRECT DATA ENTRY (DDE) SOP) 
 
3.2.2 
ROLES/RESPONSIBILITIES: AT EACH CLINIC VISIT THE CLINICAL STAFF RECORD DATA ON 
APPROPRIATE SOURCE DOCUMENTS. THE QM MANAGER, OR DESIGNEE, IS RESPONSIBLE FOR 
CONDUCTING QUALITY CONTROL REVIEW OF CASE REPORT FORMS (CRFS) AND SDS FOR 
COMPLETENESS AND CORRECTNESS. A QM MANAGER, OR DESIGNEE, WILL NOT REVIEW HIS/HER OWN 
DOCUMENTATION. 
 


_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
83 
 
 
3.2.2.1 
QUALITY MANAGER, OR DESIGNEE, WILL REVIEW 100% OF INFORMED CONSENT 
DOCUMENTS (ICFS) AND CASE REPORT FORMS (CRFS) FOR ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, AND TO ENSURE 
PROPER DATING AND SIGNING. THE A.L.C.O.A.C. PRINCIPLES FOR APPROPRIATE DOCUMENTATION WILL 
BE EMPLOYED IN OUR QC ACTIVITIES. CRFS WILL BE SUBMITTED TO THE SPONSOR WITHIN THE 
TIMEFRAME REQUESTED BY THE SPONSOR, 3 BUSINESS DAYS. 
 
3.2.2.2 
ERRORS WILL BE QUANTIFIED AND PRESENTED AS THE NUMBER OF ERRORS/100 SOURCE 
DOCUMENT PAGES REVIEWED. DIRECT DATA ENTRY ERRORS WILL BE QUANTIFIED BY DATA SYSTEM 
CHARACTERISTICS AND ESTABLISHED AT STUDY ONSET. 
  
3.2.2.3 
IDENTIFIED ERRORS WILL BE BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF THE APPROPRIATE STAFF 
MEMBER FOR CORRECTION ON THE SOURCE AND/OR ELECTRONIC DATA CAPTURE (EDC) DOCUMENT 
WITHIN 3 BUSINESS DAYS OF THE ERROR(S) BEING IDENTIFIED. 
 
3.2.2.4 
THE QUALITY CONTROL REVIEW TOOL (APPENDIX C) WILL BE COMPLETED BY THE QM 
MANAGER OR DESIGNEE. THIS LOG IDENTIFIES AND TRACKS CATEGORIES OF ICF AND CRF ERRORS. THIS 
INFORMATION WILL BE AGGREGATED AND REPORTED TO THE SITE STAFF, USING THE MONTHLY QC 
ERROR REPORT (APPENDIX D) AT THE MONTHLY QM MEETING. 
 
3.2.2.4.1.1 INFORMATION COLLECTED AND DOCUMENTED ON APPENDIX D INCLUDE: 
3.2.2.4.1.1.1 REVIEWER INITIALS (PERFORMED BY QM 
MANAGER OR DESIGNEE. 
3.2.2.4.1.1.2 REVIEWER DATE. 
3.2.2.4.1.1.3 PARTICIPANT IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS (PID) REVIEWED. 
3.2.2.4.1.1.4 SPECIFIC INDICATORS REVIEWED. 3.2.2.4.1.1.5 
FINDINGS/RESULTS OF REVIEW. 
3.2.2.4.1.1.6 DATE ERRORS/FINDINGS WERE CORRECTED. 
 
 
3.2.2.5 
CLINICAL QUERY REQUESTS WILL BE REVIEWED AND ANSWERED BY THE STUDY 
COORDINATOR, OR A DESIGNEE, OR REFERRED TO THE ATTENTION OF THE APPROPRIATE STAFF 
MEMBER FOR A RESPONSE. THE STUDY COORDINATOR, OR DESIGNEE, WILL PROVIDE THE RESPONSE TO 
THE SPONSOR WITHIN THE REQUIRED TIME-FRAME INDICATED BY THE SPONSOR. THE STUDY 
COORDINATOR, OR DESIGNEE, WILL MAINTAIN COPIES OF QUERY RESPONSES IN THE STUDY FILES. 
 
3.2.2.6 
THE ABOVE TOOLS WILL BE USED TO IDENTIFY TRENDS AND/OR ISSUES OF CONCERN. 
THESE TRENDS WILL BE PRESENTED AND DISCUSSED WITH THE STAFF MEMBERS AT THE MONTHLY QM 
MEETING OR SOONER IF INDICATED. 
 
3.2.2.7 
CORRECTIVE ACTION WILL BE TAKEN AS NEEDED TO ADDRESS AREAS OF CONCERN. SEE 
SECTION 9.5 CORRECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE ACTIONS. 


_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
84 
 
 
 
3.2.2.8 
EVALUATION OF THE CAPA WILL TAKE PLACE AS PART OF THE ONGOING QM PROCESS. SEE 
SECTION 9.5 CORRECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE ACTIONS. 
 
3.2.3 
RECORD SELECTION: METHODS FOR RECORD SELECTION FOR REVIEW ARE AS FOLLOWS: 
 
3.2.3.1 
NEW PROTOCOLS: RECORDS (E.G., ICFS, CRFS – PAPER AND/OR ELECTRONIC, CLINICAL 
LABORATORY REPORTS, SPECIMEN LOGS, CLINIC NOTES, VOLUNTEER CHARTS, AND OTHER SOURCE 
DOCUMENTS) OF THE FIRST FIVE VOLUNTEERS ENROLLED IN EACH PROTOCOL WILL RECEIVE A 100% 
REVIEW. NEW PROTOCOLS WILL BE GIVEN PRIORITY OVER OPEN PROTOCOLS FOR REVIEW. 
  
3.2.3.2 
PROTOCOLS INVOLVING STUDY PRODUCT AND/OR A PROCEDURE: QUALITY MANAGER, OR 
DESIGNEE, WILL REVIEW, IN REAL-TIME, 100% OF INFORMED CONSENT DOCUMENTS (ICFS) AND CASE 
REPORT FORMS (CRFS) FOR ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, AND TO ENSURE PROPER DATING AND 
SIGNING. THE A.L.C.O.A.C. PRINCIPLES FOR APPROPRIATE DOCUMENTATION WILL BE EMPLOYED IN OUR 
QC ACTIVITIES. 
 
3.2.3.3 
NEW CLINICAL RESEARCH STAFF: 100%, BUT NOT LESS THAN FIVE, OF ALL VISITS 
COMPLETED BY A NEW MEMBER, WILL RECEIVE A PROMPT, “REAL-TIME”, REVIEW UNTIL COMPETENCY 
IS DETERMINED. 
 
3.2.3.4 
HIGH RISK EMERGENT PROTOCOLS: PROTOCOLS THAT ARE CONSIDERED TO BE HIGH RISK 
OR CONDUCTED UNDER EMERGENT CONDITIONS WILL FOLLOW THE SAME PROCEDURE OF “REAL-
TIME” REVIEW AND WILL BE REVIEWED WITHIN ONE (1 BUSINESS DAY OF THE VISIT. 100% OF ALL ICFS 
AND CRFS WILL BE REVIEWED, 
 
3.2.3.5 
HIGH ACCRUING PROTOCOLS: BASED ON THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PI AND/OR 
STUDY COORDINATOR, HIGH ENROLLING PROTOCOLS MAY BE TARGETED FOR AN EARLY “REAL-TIME” 
OR MORE THOROUGH REVIEW. 100% OF ALL ICFS AND CRFS WILL BE REVIEWED. 
 
3.2.3.6 
SCREEN FAILURE/CONSENT WITHDRAWAL: ALL SCREEN FAILURES/CONSENT WITHDRAWAL 
RECORDS WILL BE REVIEWED, IN “REAL-TIME”, TO ASSURE APPROPRIATE INFORMED CONSENT PROCESS 
AND DOCUMENTATION OF THE REASON FOR SCREEN FAILURE OR CONSENT WITHDRAWAL. 
 
3.2.4 
QUALITY CONTROL TOOLS (TOOLS, CHECKLISTS AND REMINDERS) THE TOOLS FOR QC ARE 
ATTACHED. 
3.2.4.1 
INTERNAL (SITE-SPECIFIC) SOURCES: 
3.2.4.1.1 
THE EMORY UNIVERSITY QUALITY CONTROL REVIEW TOOL (APPENDIX C). INFORMATION 
REGARDING STUDY VISIT SCHEDULE/PROCEDURES, ELIGIBILITY CHECKLIST, AND INFORMED CONSENT 
ARE REVIEWED USING THIS TOOL. 


_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
85 
 
 
3.2.4.1.2 
THE EMORY UNIVERSITY MONTHLY QC ERROR REPORT (APPENDIX D). INTERNAL QA/QC 
FINDINGS, SUMMARY REPORTS ARE REVIEWED AND REPORTED USING THIS TOOL. 
3.2.4.1.3 
THE EMORY UNIVERSITY ANNUAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT REPORT (APPENDIX F) 
3.2.4.1.4 
THE EMORY VTEU SUMMARY REPORT LOG (APPENDIX G) 
 
3.2.4.2 
EXTERNAL SOURCES: 
3.2.4.2.1 
DATA ENTRY, QUERY/ERROR, OR TRANSMISSION REPORTS FROM THE DATA MANAGEMENT 
CENTER 
3.2.4.2.2 
CLINICAL SITE MONITORING REPORTS 
  
 
3.3 
QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) ACTIVITIES: 
 
QA IS DEFINED AS THE PERIODIC, SYSTEMATIC, OBJECTIVE, AND COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION OF 
THE TOTAL WORK EFFORT TO DETERMINE THE LEVEL OF COMPLIANCE WITH GOOD CLINICAL PRACTICE 
(GCP) STANDARDS. QA ACTIVITIES SHOULD ALSO BE PERFORMED. THE HOPE CLINIC AND ECC-VRC WILL 
PARTICIPATE IN QUALITY ASSURANCE ACTIVITIES IDENTIFIED BY THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES CLINICAL 
RESEARCH CONSORTIUM (IDCRC). 
 
AT EACH CLINIC VISIT THE CLINICAL STAFF RECORD DATA ON APPROPRIATE SOURCE DOCUMENTS. THE 
QUALITY MANAGER, OR DESIGNEE, IS RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING QA REVIEWS OF THE SOURCE 
DOCUMENTS TO ENSURE THE ADHERENCE TO POLICIES AND PROCEDURES, THE STUDY PROTOCOL, AND 
THE ACCURACY OF RESEARCH RECORDS. A QM MANAGER, OR DESIGNEE, WILL NOT REVIEW HIS/HER 
OWN DOCUMENTATION. 
 
THE FOLLOWING ONGOING ACTIVITIES WILL BE CONDUCTED AT THE SITE AS PART OF THE QA PROCESS: 
 
3.3.1 
ROLES/RESPONSIBILITIES: AT EACH CLINIC VISIT THE CLINICAL STAFF RECORD DATA ON 
APPROPRIATE SOURCE DOCUMENTS. THE QM MANAGER, OR DESIGNEE, IS RESPONSIBLE FOR 
CONDUCTING QUALITY ASSURANCE REVIEWS OF THE SOURCE DOCUMENTS FOR THE FIRST FIVE 
PARTICIPANTS ENROLLED IN A STUDY TO ENSURE THE ADHERENCE TO POLICIES AND PROCEDURES, THE 
STUDY PROTOCOL, AND THE ACCURACY OF THE RESEARCH RECORDS. THE QM MANAGER, OR DESIGNEE, 
WILL ALSO PERFORM REVIEW(S), REAL-TIME, PERIODIC, , AND ON A RANDOM BASIS, DURING THE 
COURSE OF THE STUDY. THE QM MANAGER, OR DESIGNEE, IS RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING QUALITY 
ASSURANCE REVIEW OF CRFS AND SDS. A QM MANAGER, OR DESIGNEE, WILL NOT REVIEW HIS/HER 
OWN DOCUMENTATION. 
 
3.3.2 
RECORD SELECTION: SD DATA ENTRIES WILL BE REVIEWED BY THE QM MANAGER, OR 
DESIGNEE, USING QA REVIEW TOOL (APPENDIX A). THE QA REVIEW TOOL INCLUDES THE KEY 
INDICATORS FOR QA AS LISTED IN SECTION 4.0. 


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86 
 
 
 
3.3.2.1 
METHODS OF RECORD SELECTION FOR QA REVIEW ARE AS FOLLOWS: 
3.3.2.1.1 
SAMPLE SIZE (MINIMUM PERCENTAGE) MONTHLY QA REVIEWS WILL CONSIST OF A 
RANDOM SELECTION OF 10%, AT A MINIMUM, OF CLINIC RECORDS (E.G. CASE REPORT FORMS – PAPER 
AND/OR ELECTRONIC, CLINICAL LABORATORY REPORTS, SPECIMEN LOGS, CLINIC NOTES, VOLUNTEER 
CHARTS, AND OTHER SOURCE DOCUMENTS), ALTERNATING EXISTING OPEN PROTOCOLS TO ASSURE 
REVIEW OF ALL ACTIVE PROTOCOLS OVER THE COURSE OF THE CALENDAR YEAR. THIS PERCENTAGE 
MAY INCREASE BASED ON FINDINGS AND/OR PROBLEMS WITH PROTOCOL(S). 
3.3.2.1.2 
HIGH RISK PROTOCOLS – PROTOCOLS THAT ARE CONSIDERED TO BE HIGH RISK WILL BE 
TARGETED FOR AN EARLY AND MORE THOROUGH REVIEW THAN THE SAMPLE SIZE DESCRIBED ABOVE. 
3.3.2.1.3 
HIGHER ACCRUING PROTOCOLS – BASED ON THE RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PI AND/OR 
STUDY COORDINATOR, HIGH ENROLLING PROTOCOLS MAY BE TARGETED FOR AN EARLY OR MORE 
THOROUGH REVIEW. 
  
3.3.2.1.4 
INITIAL ENROLLMENT IN NEW PROTOCOLS – THE FIRST FIVE (5) ENROLLED PARTICIPANT 
RECORDS FOR EACH NEW PROTOCOL WILL RECEIVE A 100% QA AUDIT. 
3.3.2.1.5 
NEW CLINICAL RESEARCH STAFF – 100%, BUT NOT LESS THAN 5, OF ALL VISITS COMPLETED 
BY A NEW STAFF MEMBER WILL RECEIVE A PROMPT QA AUDIT UNTIL COMPETENCY IS DETERMINED. 
3.3.2.1.6 
SCREEN FAILURE/CONSENT WITHDRAWAL – ALL SCREEN FAILURES/CONSENT 
WITHDRAWAL RECORDS WILL BE REVIEWED TO ASSURE APPROPRIATE INFORMED CONSENT PROCESS 
AND DOCUMENTATION OF THE REASON FOR SCREEN FAILURE OR CONSENT WITHDRAWAL. 
 
 
3.3.3 
QA TOOLS 
 
3.3.3.1 
INTERNAL (SITE) SOURCES: 
3.3.3.1.1 
DMID CLINICAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (CQMP): EMORY UNIVERSITY QUALITY 
ASSURANCE (QA) REVIEW TOOL (APPENDIX C). CHART REVIEW CHECKLISTS/WORKSHEETS ARE 
REVIEWED USING THIS TOOL. 
 
3.3.3.1.1.1 INFORMATION COLLECTED AND DOCUMENTED ON APPENDIX D INCLUDE: 
3.3.3.1.1.1.1 REVIEWER INITIALS 
3.3.3.1.1.1.2 REVIEWER’S ROLE 
3.3.3.1.1.1.3 REVIEWER DATE 
3.3.3.1.1.1.4 PARTICIPANT IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS (PID) REVIEWED 
3.3.3.1.1.1.5 SPECIFIC INDICATORS REVIEWED 3.3.3.1.1.1.6 
FINDINGS/RESULTS OF REVIEW 
3.3.3.1.1.1.7 PROTOCOL REGULATORY DOCUMENTS REVIEWED 3.3.3.1.1.1.8 
TIME PERIOD COVERED 
BY THE REVIEW. 
 


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87 
 
 
3.3.3.1.2 
THE EMORY UNIVERSITY MONTHLY QC ERROR REPORT (APPENDIX D). INTERNAL QA/QC 
FINDINGS, SUMMARY REPORTS ARE REVIEWED AND REPORTED USING THIS TOOL. 
3.3.3.1.3 
THE EMORY UNIVERSITY REGULATORY FILE REVIEW TOOL (APPENDIX E) REVIEWED AND 
REPORTED USING THIS TOOL. 
3.3.3.1.4 
THE EMORY UNIVERSITY ANNUAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT REPORT (APPENDIX F) 
3.3.3.1.5 
THE EMORY UNIVERSITY VTEU SUMMARY REPORT LOG (APPENDIX G) 
 
 
3.3.3.2 
EXTERNAL SOURCES: 
3.3.3.2.1 
DATA ENTRY, QUERY/ERROR, OR TRANSMISSION REPORTS FROM THE DATA MANAGEMENT 
CENTER 
3.3.3.2.2 
CLINICAL SITE MONITORING REPORTS 
  
THE ABOVE TOOLS WILL BE USED TO IDENTIFY TRENDS AND/OR AREAS OF CONCERN. THESE TRENDS 
WILL BE PRESENTED AND DISCUSSED WITH THE STAFF MEMBERS AT THE MONTHLY QM MEETINGS OR 
SOONER AS INDICATED. QUALITY SUMMARY REPORTS ARE REVIEWED BY THE SITE PI ON A MONTHLY 
BASIS. THE SIGNED REPORTS ARE KEPT IN A BINDER AND MADE AVAILABLE TO THE SITE MONITOR(S) 
UPON REQUEST. 
 
3.3.4 
THE MONTHLY QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORT (APPENDIX B) PROVIDES SITE-SPECIFIC 
SUMMARIES OF QM ACTIVITIES. THE RESULTS OF THESE ACTIVITIES ARE SHARED WITH THE SITE STAFF 
AT THE MONTHLY QM MEETING. 
 
3.3.5 
SITE MONITORING REPORTS, AS RECEIVED FROM EXTERNAL MONITORING GROUPS WILL 
ALSO BE UTILIZED AS A QA TOOL. THIS WILL ALLOW FOR THE REVIEW OF ANY TRENDS OR PROBLEMS 
IDENTIFIED BY THE EXTERNAL MONITOR. THESE REPORTS WILL BE GIVEN TO THE SITE STAFF UPON 
RECEIPT AND REVIEWED AND DISCUSSED AT THE MONTHLY QM MEETINGS AS INDICATED. 
 
3.3.6 
CORRECTIVE ACTION WILL BE TAKEN AS NEEDED TO ADDRESS AREAS OF CONCERN. SEE 
SECTION 9.5 CORRECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE ACTIONS 
 
3.3.7 
EVALUATION OF THE CORRECTIVE ACTION WILL TAKE PLACE AS PART OF THE ONGOING QA 
PROCESS. SEE SECTION 9.5 CORRECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE ACTIONS. 
 
3.4 
QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 
3.4.1 
QA FINDINGS WILL BE REPORTED USING THE EMORY UNIVERSITY QUALITY ASSURANCE 
(QA) REVIEW TOOL (APPENDIX A). 
3.4.2 
THE QA SUMMARY REPORT WILL INCLUDE IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS, IDENTIFICATION 
OF POSSIBLE CAUSES, AND ANY CORRECTIVE AND PREVENTATIVE ACTIONS TAKEN. 


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88 
 
 
3.4.3 
IF AN UNREPORTED SAE IS IDENTIFIED DURING THE QM ACTIVITIES, THE EVENT WILL BE 
REPORTED PER PROTOCOL, DMID POLICY AND INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS 
 
3.5 
PROTOCOL-SPECIFIC CQMP: 
3.5.1 
A PROTOCOL-SPECIFIC CQMP WILL BE DEVELOPED FOR APPLICABLE PROTOCOLS PER PI 
DIRECTION. 
3.5.2 
A PROTOCOL-SPECIFIC CQMP MAY BE DEVELOPED AND IMPLEMENTED FOR PROTOCOLS 
BEING CONDUCTED AT MULTIPLE SITES WITHIN THE EMORY NETWORK, OR FOR EMORY 
SUBCONTRACTOR SITES INCLUDING DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL LOCATIONS. 
3.5.3 
THE PROTOCOL-SPECIFIC CQMP TEMPLATE, AVAILABLE ON THE DMID CROMS WEBSITE, 
WILL BE UTILIZED AND WILL BE MODIFIED TO DEFINE AND PROVIDE DATA FOR PROTOCOL- DRIVEN 
PARAMETERS FOR QC AND QA RECORDING AND REPORTING. 
3.5.4 
QUALITY MANAGERS AT THE HOPE CLINIC AND/OR ECC WILL OVERSEE IMPLEMENTATION 
THE PROTOCOL-SPECIFIC CQMP AND WILL ENSURE THAT SITE STAFF ARE TRAINED IN PROPER CQMP 
USE AND PROCESS. 
 
3.6 
RETENTION OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT (QM) DOCUMENTS 
 
3.6.1 
THE CQMP WILL BE SIGNED AND DATED BY THE PI AND KEPT ON FILE. 
  
3.6.2 
COMPLETED QA SUMMARY REPORTS, CHART REVIEW TOOLS AND REGULATORY FILE 
REVIEW TOOLS WILL BE KEPT ON FILE AND ACCESSIBLE UPON DMID REQUEST. 
 
3.7 
OVERSIGHT OF SUBCONTRACTOR SITE(S), IF APPLICABLE: 
3.7.1 
SUBCONTRACTOR SITES WILL BE REQUIRED TO DEVELOP AND IMPLEMENT AN EMORY 
APPROVED CQMP UTILIZING A CONSISTENT CQMP FORMAT DEFINED BY EMORY. 
3.7.2 
THE PI, WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF THE QUALITY MANAGER, WILL WORK WITH THE 
SUBCONTRACTOR SITE TO DRAFT A PROTOCOL-SPECIFIC CQMP. 
3.7.3 
THE CQMP WILL BE COMPLETED BY THE EMORY SUBCONTRACTOR/PERFORMANCE SITES 
CONDUCTING DMID-FUNDED PROTOCOLS, AND WILL BE CONSISTENT WITH A PARTICULAR PROTOCOL. 
3.7.4 
IF QC AND QA TOOLS (AS DESCRIBED IN SECTIONS 3.2.4 AND 3.3.3) ARE USED BY 
SUBCONTRACTOR/PERFORMANCE SITES FOR DOCUMENTING QUALITY REVIEWS, PROCESSES AND 
INSTRUCTIONS WILL ENSURE CONSISTENT APPLICATION/IMPLEMENTATION ACROSS SITES. 
3.7.5 
IN THE CASE OF MULTI-SITE PROTOCOLS, A SINGLE CQMP MIGHT BE GENERATED FOR 
CONSISTENCY, AS DIRECTED BY THE DMID CPM. 
3.7.6 
THE CQMP WILL BE DEVELOPED, FINALIZED AND APPROVED BY EMORY, AND DMID AS 
APPLICABLE, PRIOR TO INITIATION OF THE PROTOCOL. 
3.7.7 
MONTHLY SUBCONTRACTOR REPORTS WILL BE SUBMITTED TO THE PRIME CONTRACT SITE 
BY THE SPECIFIED DUE DATE. REPORTS WILL INCLUDE: DOCUMENTATION OF ONGOING CQMP 


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89 
 
 
ACTIVITIES, DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED, CORRECTIVE ACTION PLANS, IF REQUIRED, AND 
OTHER SPONSOR REQUIREMENTS/CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS. 
 
4.0 
KEY QUALITY INDICATORS 
THE KEY INDICATORS THAT WILL BE AUDITED IN EACH VOLUNTEER RECORD SELECTED FOR INTERNAL 
QA REVIEW ARE: 
4.1 
INFORMED CONSENT FORM AND PROCESS 
4.2 
ASSESSMENT OF UNDERSTANDING AS APPLICABLE 
4.3 
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND PROCESS 
4.4 
STUDY PRODUCT MANAGEMENT: RECEIPT, STORAGE, PREPARATION, TRANSPORT, 
ADMINISTRATION, AND ACCOUNTABILITY (IF APPLICABLE) – PHARMACY QM HANDLED BY EU 
PHARMACY AND RECORDS ARE ON FILE. 
4.4.1 
REVIEW AND COMPARISON OF THE STUDY PRODUCT ACCOUNTABILITY LOGS, SHIPPING 
RECORDS, AND THE STUDY PRODUCT INVENTORY 
4.4.2 
MASKING PROCEDURES (MAINTENANCE OF STUDY BLIND, STUDY PERSONNEL 
RESTRICTIONS) 
4.4.3 
RANDOMIZATION CODE LIST AND DECODING PROCEDURES 
4.4.4 
STUDY PRODUCT STORAGE, HANDLING, AND LABELING PROCEDURES 
4.4.5 
VACCINE OR OTHER STUDY PRODUCT PREPARATION PROCEDURES 
4.4.6 
STUDY PRODUCT ADMINISTRATION PROCESSES 
4.5 
ADVERSE EVENTS (AE), SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENTS (SAE) IDENTIFICATION AND REPORTING 
AS APPLICABLE 
4.6 
PROTOCOL VISITS (EVALUATE FOR MISSED VISITS, OUT OF WINDOW VISITS, LOST TO 
FOLLOW-UP, ETC.) 
4.7 
PROTOCOL-SPECIFIC PROCEDURES (ALL INCLUSIVE) 
4.8 
INTERVENTION/STUDY DISCONTINUATION 
  
4.9 
REACTOGENICITY (IF APPLICABLE) 
4.10 
SPECIMENS - 
4.10.1 
PROCESSING SPECIMENS AS PER PROTOCOL AND/OR MANUAL OF OPERATIONAL 
PROCEDURES – QM HANDLED BY LABORATORY MANAGER 
4.10.2 
STORAGE OF SPECIMENS (REQUIRED CONDITIONS, LOCATION, LENGTH OF STORAGE) – QM 
HANDLED BY LABORATORY MANAGER. 
4.10.3 
DOCUMENTATION (SHIPPING LOGS, TEMPERATURE DEVIATION REPORTING, 
ACCREDITATIONS, EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION, COMMUNICATIONS TO STUDY TEAM/PI) – QM HANDLED 
BY LABORATORY MANAGER. 
4.11 
CONCOMITANT/PROHIBITED MEDICATIONS 
 
4.12 
PROTOCOL DEFINE ENDPOINT IDENTIFICATION AND REPORTABLE AS APPLICABLE 
 


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90 
 
 
4.13 
SOURCE DOCUMENTS, SIGNATURES, INITIALS, DATE(S) (SEE APPENDIX E: THE EMORY 
UNIVERSITY REGULATORY FILE REVIEW TOOL) 
 
4.14 
INVESTIGATOR FILE REVIEW DEFICIENCIES (SEE APPENDIX E: THE EMORY UNIVERSITY 
REGULATORY FILE REVIEW TOOL) 
 
4.15 
ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL-SPECIFIC INDICATORS, AS APPLICABLE. 
 
4.16 
LABORATORY AND PHARMACY FOLLOW THEIR OWN QM PROCEDURES. THESE 
PROCEDURES HAVE BEEN REVIEWED INTERNALLY AND MONITORED DURING SITE VISITS AS WELL AS 
FEDERAL AUDITS WITH NO CONCERNS/ISSUES. 
 
5.0 
REGULATORY FILE REVIEW 
THE REGULATORY FILE REVIEW WILL ENSURE DOCUMENTS AS LISTED IN THE INTERNATIONAL 
CONFERENCE ON HARMONIZATION (ICH) GUIDELINES FOR GOOD CLINICAL PRACTICE (GCP); E6 (R2), 
SECTION 8, ESSENTIAL DOCUMENTS FOR THE CONDUCT OF A CLINICAL TRIAL ARE PRESENT. THE 
RESULTS OF THE REGULATORY FILE REVIEW WILL BE DISCUSSED AT THE MONTHLY QM MEETING OR 
SOONER AS INDICATED. 
5.1 
FREQUENCY OF REVIEW: THE REGULATORY FILE WILL BE REVIEWED AT THE BEGINNING OF 
A STUDY (PRIOR TO THE FIRST MONITORING VISIT) AND IMMEDIATELY PRIOR TO STUDY TERMINATION 
(PRIOR TO THE CLOSE OUT VISIT). 
 
5.2 
ONGOING REGULATORY REVIEW IS CONDUCTED DURING WEEKLY VTEU OPERATIONS 
MEETINGS WHERE ALL PENDING/APPROVED AMENDMENTS, CONTINUING REVIEWS AND REPORTABLE 
EVENTS ARE DISCUSSED AND STATUS UPDATES ARE GIVEN. REGULATORY CORE MEETINGS ARE ALSO 
HELD ON A WEEKLY BASIS AND PENDING AMENDMENTS, CRS AND REPORTABLE EVENTS ARE DISCUSSED 
AS WELL AS ANY PENDING ISSUES OR IRB QUESTIONS, ETC. WHEN IRB APPROVAL IS GIVEN, THE 
REGULATORY COORDINATOR SENDS AN EMAIL OUT TO ALL STUDY TEAM MEMBERS CONFIRMING THAT 
ALL REGULATORY DOCUMENTS HAVE BEEN FILED APPROPRIATELY, INFORMING THEM OF CHANGES TO 
THE STUDY AND WHETHER OR NOT PARTICIPANTS NEED RE-CONSENT. THE REGULATORY FILE MAY 
ALSO BE REVIEWED DURING THE COURSE OF THE STUDY OR WHEN A PROTOCOL IS REVISED, PER PI 
DISCRETION. 
  
5.3 
ESSENTIAL REGULATORY DOCUMENTS WILL BE UPLOADED TO THE SITE ESSENTIAL 
REGULATORY DOCUMENTS (SERD) PORTAL WITHIN THE NIAID CLINICAL RESEARCH MANAGEMENT 
SYSTEM (CRMS) AS REQUESTED, AS WELL AS THE REGULATORY FILE LOCATED ON THE EMORY 
UNIVERSITY SHARE DRIVE. 
 
5.4 
THE EMORY UNIVERSITY REGULATORY FILE REVIEW TOOL (APPENDIX E). 
 


_____________________________________________________________________________________________ 
91 
 
 
5.5 
IDENTIFIED ERRORS WILL BE BROUGHT TO THE ATTENTION OF THE APPROPRIATE STAFF 
MEMBER FOR CORRECTION WITHIN 3 BUSINESS DAYS OF THE ERROR(S) BEING IDENTIFIED. 
 
6.0 
TOOLS AND CHECKLISTS 
6.1 
INTERNAL (SITE) SOURCES: 
6.1.1 
THE EMORY UNIVERSITY QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) REVIEW TOOL (APPENDIX A) 
6.1.2 
THE EMORY UNIVERSITY QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA) SUMMARY REPORT (APPENDIX B) 
6.1.3 
THE EMORY UNIVERSITY QUALITY CONTROL REVIEW TOOL (APPENDIX C) 
6.1.4 
THE EMORY UNIVERSITY MONTHLY QUALITY CONTROL (QC) ERROR REPORT (APPENDIX D) 
6.1.5 
THE EMORY UNIVERSITY REGULATORY FILE REVIEW TOOL (APPENDIX E) 
6.1.6 
THE EMORY UNIVERSITY ANNUAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT REPORT (APPENDIX F) 
6.1.7 
THE EMORY UNIVERSITY STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP) 
6.2 
EXTERNAL SOURCES: 
6.2.1 
DATA ENTRY, QUERY/ERROR, OR TRANSMISSION REPORTS FROM THE DATA MANAGEMENT 
CENTER 
6.2.2 
CLINICAL SITE MONITORING REPORTS 
 
7.0 
STAFF TRAINING / QUALIFICATIONS 
EMORY UNIVERSITY HAS AN ON-BOARDING AND GENERAL TRAINING PROCEDURE THAT HAS BEEN 
OUTLINED IN THE SOP . THE REGULATORY COORDINATOR MAINTAINS DOCUMENTATION OF ALL STAFF 
TRAINING AND ESSENTIAL DOCUMENTS. DOCUMENTS ARE REVIEWED BY THE QM MANAGER, OR 
DESIGNEE, AS PART OF THE REGULATORY DEPARTMENT AUDITS TO ENSURE STAFF IS QUALIFIED AND 
HAVE DEMONSTRATED COMPETENCY PER EMORY AND SPONSOR REQUIREMENTS. 
7.1 
INSTITUTION-SPECIFIC TRAINING: 
7.1.1 
HUMAN SUBJECTS PROTECTION (CITI)- EVERY THREE (3) YEARS 
7.1.2 
GOOD CLINICAL PRACTICE (CITI) – EVERY THREE (3) YEARS 
7.1.3 
KEY CONCEPTS FOR INVESTIGATORS COURSE (INVESTIGATORS ONLY) 
7.1.4 
INTRODUCTION TO CLINICAL RESEARCH AT EMORY (COORDINATORS ONLY) – REQUIRED OF 
STAFF WITH LESS THAN 5 YEARS RESEARCH EXPERIENCE 
7.1.5 
HIPAA TRAINING – EVERY THREE (3) YEARS 
7.1.6 
BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS TRAINING – ANNUALLY 
  
7.1.7 
BIOSAFETY TRAINING – EVERY THREE (3) YEARS 
7.1.8 
CPR CERTIFICATION (CLINICAL STAFF) – EVERY TWO (2) YEARS 
7.1.9 
LABORATORY SAFETY TRAINING – ANNUALLY 
7. 2.0 
A.L.C.O.A.C PRINCIPLES (WHEN AND HOW APPLIED TO SOURCE DOCUMENT(S)) OVERVIEW 
– BI- ANNUALLY DURING NETWORK OPERATIONS MEETINGS. 
 
7.2 
PROTOCOL-SPECIFIC TRAINING: 


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92 
 
 
7.2.1 
AS DESIGNATED BY THE SPONSOR 
 
7.3 
DMID-SPECIFIC TRAINING: 
7.3.1 
HUMAN SUBJECTS PROTECTION – EVERY THREE (3) YEARS 
7.3.2 
GOOD CLINICAL PRACTICE – EVERY THREE (3) YEARS 
7.3.3 
DMID REGULATORY FILE DOCUMENT GUIDELINES - EVERY THREE (3) YEARS 
7.3.4 
DMID SOURCE DOCUMENTATION STANDARDS - EVERY THREE (3) YEARS 
7.3.5 
INVESTIGATOR RESPONSIBILITIES - EVERY THREE (3) YEARS 
7.3.6 
DMID STUDY PRODUCT MANAGEMENT - EVERY THREE (3) YEARS 
7.3.7 
NIH COMPUTER SECURITY AWARENESS - ANNUALLY 
 
8.0 
IMPLEMENTATION AND CONDUCT 
8.1 
PROTOCOL IMPLEMENTATION 
THE EMORY VTEU AIMS AT IMPLEMENTING THE PROTOCOL IN A TIMELY MANNER WITH TYPICALLY 90 
DAYS BETWEEN PROTOCOL DISTRIBUTION TO SITE-SPECIFIC PROTOCOL ACTIVATION. 
8.2 
ACTIVATION TO FIRST ENROLLMENT 
THE EMORY VTEU AIMS AT ENROLLING SUBJECTS IN A TIMELY MANNER. TYPICALLY, THE FIRST SUBJECT 
WILL BE ENROLLED IN EARLY PHASE TRIALS WITHIN 2 WEEKS OF SITE PROTOCOL ACTIVATION AND 
PRODUCT AVAILABILITY AT THE SITE. 
8.3 
ENROLLMENT 
THE EMORY VTEU AIMS AT REACHING ENROLLMENT TARGETS WITH >90% ENROLLED WITHIN THE 
ASSIGNED PERIOD IN EARLY PHASE TRIALS. 
8.4 
VISIT COMPLETION 
THE EMORY VTEU AIMS AT ACHIEVING HIGH RETENTION RATES WITH >90% VISITS COMPLETED WITHIN 
THE ASSIGNED PERIOD IN EARLY PHASE TRIALS. 
 
9.0 
CLINICAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT REPORTING 
 
9.1 
THE HOPE CLINIC AND ECC-VRC, WILL MAKE AVAILABLE STUDY-SPECIFIC QUALITY REPORTS 
TO THE IDCRC UPON REQUEST. 
  
9.2 
TOOLS/FORMS USED TO DOCUMENT / SUMMARIZE QUALITY REVIEWS: THE EMORY 
UNIVERSITY QUALITY CONTROL REVIEW TOOL (APPENDIX C) WILL BE COMPLETED BY THE QM 
MANAGER OR DESIGNEE. THIS LOG IDENTIFIES AND TRACKS CATEGORIES OF CASE REPORT FORM (CRF) 
ERRORS. 
 
9.3 
IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM AREAS: INFORMATION GATHERED VIA APPENDIX C WILL BE 
AGGREGATED AND REPORTED TO THE SITE STAFF, USING THE MONTHLY QC ERROR REPORT (APPENDIX 
D) AT THE MONTHLY QM MEETING. THIS TOOL WILL ALSO BE USED TO IDENTIFY TRENDS AS WELL. 


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93 
 
 
 
9.4 
TREND ANALYSIS: CLINICAL QUERY REQUESTS WILL BE REVIEWED AND ANSWERED BY THE 
STUDY COORDINATOR, OR A DESIGNEE, OR REFERRED TO THE ATTENTION OF THE APPROPRIATE STAFF 
MEMBER FOR A RESPONSE. THE STUDY COORDINATOR, OR DESIGNEE, WILL PROVIDE A RESPONSE TO 
THE SPONSOR WITHIN THE REQUIRED TIMEFRAME INDICATED BY THE SPONSOR. THE STUDY 
COORDINATOR, OR DESIGNEE, WILL MAINTAIN COPIES OF QUERY RESPONSES IN THE STUDY FILES. 
 
9.5 
CORRECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE ACTION PLAN(S): A ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS WILL BE 
COMPLETED BY THE PI/STUDY STAFF ALONG WITH INPUT FROM THE QM MANAGER. A CORRECTIVE 
AND PREVENTIVE ACTION (CAPA) PLAN WILL BE DEVELOPED TO MITIGATE THE ISSUE AND PREVENT 
FUTURE OCCURRENCES. THE ACTION PLAN WILL BE DETERMINED, IMPLEMENTED AND MONITORED BY 
THE PI FOR EFFECTIVENESS AND PROBLEM/ISSUE RESOLUTION. THESE ACTIONS MAY INCLUDE, BUT ARE 
NOT LIMITED TO, CHANGING A PROCESS OR FORM, TRAINING, OR REASSIGNING A TASK. ANY ADVERSE 
TREND WILL BE RE-EVALUATED TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CORRECTIVE ACTION.   
TIMELINES FOR IMPLEMENTATION AND RE-EVALUATION WILL BE SET BASED ON THE TYPE/ACUITY OF 
PROBLEM. THE PLAN AND RESULTS OF RE-EVALUATION WILL ALSO BE COMMUNICATED TO THE STUDY 
STAFF AT THE MONTHLY QM MEETING AND DOCUMENTED IN THE MONTHLY QM MEETING MINUTES. 
THE HOPE CLINIC AND ECC-VRC WILL RESPOND TO FEEDBACK FROM THE IDCRC ABOUT QUALITY ISSUES 
REPORTED TO THE SITE (E.G. THROUGH CROMS MONITORING OR FROM OTHER OVERSIGHT ACTIVITIES). 
SUCH RESPONSES MAY INCLUDE THE NEED TO PRODUCE FORMAL CAPAS. 
 
9.6 
REVISION TO THE CQMP: REVIEW AND/OR REVISION TO THE CQMP WILL BE PERFORMED 
BY THE VTEU CONTACT PI, VTEU PROJECT MANAGER AND QM STAFF ON AN ANNUAL BASIS OR SOONER 
IF INDICATED. 
 
10.0 
SITE EVALUATION OF THE CLINICAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN 
 
10.1 
CQMP REVIEW: THE EMORY UNIVERSITY QUALITY MANAGEMENT PLAN IS REVIEWED 
ANNUALLY. THE VTEU CONTACT PI, VTEU PROJECT MANAGER, AND THE QUALITY MANAGER, WITH 
INPUT FROM THE CLINICAL STAFF, WILL DETERMINE IF ANY REVISIONS ARE TO BE MADE TO THE QM 
PLAN. IF REVISIONS ARE MADE, ALL STAFF WILL BE TRAINED IN THE NEW PROCEDURE AND SUCH 
TRAINING WILL BE DOCUMENTED IN THE QM MEETING MINUTES. 
 
10.2 
ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES TO THE CQMP, WHICH DO NOT IMPACT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF 
THE CQMP, WILL NOT REQUIRE A RE-REVIEW BY THE DMID-CROMS REVIEW TEAM. HOWEVER, THE SITE 
WILL PROVIDE REVISED DOCUMENTS TO THE DMID-CROMS CQMP REVIEW TEAM. 
 
10.3. THE EMORY VTEU SUMMARY REPORT LOG (APPENDIX G) WILL BE KEPT IN A BINDER AND MADE 
AVAILABLE TO THE SITE MONITOR(S) UPON REQUEST.