Conditions: Sickle Cell Disease Sickle-Cell; Hemoglobin Disease, Thalassemia Sickle Cell-beta-thalassemia Sickle Cell Hemoglobin C
Keywords: Hydroxyurea Hydroxycarbamide Xromi
Allocation: NA | Intervention model: SINGLE_GROUP
Enrollment: 33
Healthy volunteers: no

Brief summary:
An open label, safety and pharmacokinetic study of oral hydroxyurea solution administered to children from 6 months to 17.99 years (i.e. to the day before 18th birthday), with a 12 to 15 month treatment period for each participant. The study treatment duration will be for 6 months at the maximum tolerated dose \[MTD\], which is usually reached by 6 months after initiation of treatment. For patients in whom time to MTD is longer than 6 months or not achieved at all, the maximum duration of study treatment will be 15 months.

Detailed description:

Arms:
arm 1: Novel oral solution formulation of hydroxyurea

Interventions: intervention 1: Oral Hydroxyurea (100 mg/mL) Solution
Intervention descriptions: intervention 1: Participants received Oral Hydroxyurea 15 mg/kg once daily. Escalated by 5 mg/kg/day every 8-12 weeks until maximum tolerated dose achieved, up to a maximum 35 mg/kg/day.

Protocol document:
Prot_000.pdf: 
 
CONFIDENTIAL 
INV543 HUPK PROTOCOL COVER PAGE  - Clinicaltrials.gov 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CLINICAL STUDY PROTOCOL 
 
 
A prospective, open label, pharmacokinetic study of an oral 
hydroxyurea solution in children with sickle cell anemia  
(HUPK) 
 
 
Sponsor: Nova Laboratories Ltd. 
 
Sponsor ref: INV543 
 
 
 
Public Database: Clinicaltrials.gov 
 
Ref: NCT03763656 
 
Date: 03 Jun 2021 
 
Version: FINAL 9.0 
 


 
 CONFIDENTIAL  
Page 1 of 76 
 
Protocol Number: INV543 
FINAL V9.0 Dated: 03 Jun 2021 
 
 
CLINICAL STUDY PROTOCOL 
 
PRODUCT: 
Oral hydroxyurea 100 mg/mL solution 
PROTOCOL NUMBER: 
INV543 
 
 
EudraCT NUMBER: 
2017-004568-37 
VERSION NUMBER: 
FINAL 9.0 
DATE: 
03 Jun 2021 
 
TITLE: 
 
A prospective, open label, pharmacokinetic study of an oral 
hydroxyurea solution in children with sickle cell anemia 
 
Pharmacokinetics of oral hydroxyurea solution (HUPK) 
(SHORT TITLE) 
 
PHASE OF 
DEVELOPMENT: 
Phase I/II 
STUDY DESIGN: 
An open label, observational, safety and pharmacokinetic study of 
oral hydroxyurea solution administered to children from 6 months  
17.99 years over a 12- to 15-month period. 
 
TEST PRODUCT: 
1. Novel oral solution formulation of hydroxyurea – test product. 
 
DURATION OF 
TREATMENT: 
 
12 to 15 months.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sponsor 
Nova Laboratories Limited, Martin House, Gloucester Crescent, Wigston, 
Leicester, LE18 4YL, UK 
 
 
 
 
Confidentiality Statement: The information provided in this document is strictly confidential 
and is available for review to investigators, potential investigators and appropriate ethics 
committees and health authorities. No disclosure should take place without the written 
authorization from Nova Laboratories Ltd; except to the extent necessary to obtain informed 
consent from potential patients.  
 
 
 












 
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Protocol Number: INV543 
FINAL V9.0 Dated: 03 Jun 2021 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE .................................................................................................................. 2 
SPONSOR SIGNATURE SHEET ..................................................................................................................... 3 
MEDICAL ADVISOR SIGNATURE SHEET .................................................................................................. 4 
STATISTICS SIGNATURE SHEET ................................................................................................................. 5 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR SIGNATURE SHEET .................................................................................. 6 
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................... 7 
LIST OF IN-TEXT TABLES ............................................................................................................................10 
LIST OF IN-TEXT FIGURES ..........................................................................................................................11 
PROTOCOL SYNOPSIS ...................................................................................................................................12 
ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................................................17 
1. 
INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................................19 
1.1. 
BACKGROUND: SICKLE CELL ANEMIA ...................................................................................................... 19 
1.2. 
RATIONALE: THE NEED FOR A LIQUID FORMULATION .............................................................................. 20 
1.3. 
JUSTIFICATION FOR THE ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION, DOSAGE AND TREATMENT PERIOD ....................... 20 
1.3.1. 
Route ............................................................................................................................................... 20 
1.3.2. 
Justification for Dose and Dose Escalation .................................................................................... 21 
1.3.3. 
Dosage and Dose Escalation .......................................................................................................... 21 
1.3.4. 
Treatment Period ............................................................................................................................ 22 
1.4. 
BENEFITS AND RISKS ................................................................................................................................. 23 
2. 
OBJECTIVES AND PURPOSE ..............................................................................................................24 
2.1. 
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE ................................................................................................................................. 24 
2.2. 
SECONDARY OBJECTIVES .......................................................................................................................... 24 
2.3. 
SAFETY ..................................................................................................................................................... 24 
3. 
STUDY DESIGN .......................................................................................................................................25 
3.1. 
DESCRIPTION OF STUDY DESIGN ............................................................................................................... 25 
3.2. 
STUDY SCHEMATIC AND SCHEDULE .......................................................................................................... 25 
3.3. 
STUDY ENDPOINTS .................................................................................................................................... 30 
3.3.1. 
Primary ........................................................................................................................................... 30 
3.3.2. 
Secondary ........................................................................................................................................ 30 
3.3.3. 
Other – Exploratory ........................................................................................................................ 31 
4. 
INVESTIGATIONAL MEDICINAL PRODUCT .................................................................................32 
4.1. 
DESCRIPTION OF INVESTIGATIONAL MEDICINAL PRODUCT ....................................................................... 32 
4.2. 
HYDROXYUREA DOSING ........................................................................................................................... 32 
4.3. 
PACKAGING AND LABELLING .................................................................................................................... 32 
4.4. 
SUPPLIES AND SHIPPING ............................................................................................................................ 33 
4.5. 
IMP DELIVERIES TO PATIENT’S HOME ADDRESS ...................................................................................... 33 
4.5.1. 
Risk Assessment of Sites Sending IMP to Patient’s Home Address ................................................ 33 
4.6. 
PREPARATION, HANDLING, AND STORAGE ................................................................................................ 34 
4.7. 
INVESTIGATIONAL MEDICINAL PRODUCT ACCOUNTABILITY .................................................................... 35 
5. 
STUDY PROCEDURES ...........................................................................................................................36 
5.1. 
BLOOD SAMPLING FOR PHARMACOKINETIC ANALYSES ............................................................................ 36 
5.2. 
STUDY FOLLOW-UP ................................................................................................................................... 36 
5.3. 
DEMOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................................... 37 
5.4. 
ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA .......................................................................................................................... 37 
5.5. 
MEDICAL HISTORY .................................................................................................................................... 37 
5.6. 
MEDICATION AT STUDY START ................................................................................................................. 37 
5.7. 
SCA SYMPTOM REVIEW ............................................................................................................................ 37 
5.8. 
LEG ULCER REVIEW .................................................................................................................................. 38 
5.9. 
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION .......................................................................................................................... 38 
5.10. 
TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER ......................................................................................................................... 38 
5.11. 
VITAL SIGNS ............................................................................................................................................. 38 
5.12. 
LABORATORY ASSESSMENTS .................................................................................................................... 38 
5.12.1. 
Full Blood Count ............................................................................................................................. 38 
5.12.2. 
Clinical Chemistry .......................................................................................................................... 39 
5.12.3. 
Urinalysis ........................................................................................................................................ 39 
5.13. 
PREGNANCY PREVENTION ......................................................................................................................... 39 
5.14. 
PALATABILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY ASSESSMENTS ................................................................................. 40 


 
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5.15. 
TOLERABILITY ASSESSMENTS ................................................................................................................... 40 
5.16. 
DATA TO BE RECORDED IN THE EDC DATABASE ...................................................................................... 41 
6. 
STUDY ENROLLMENT, WITHDRAWAL AND DISCONTINUATION .........................................42 
6.1. 
INCLUSION CRITERIA ................................................................................................................................. 42 
6.2. 
EXCLUSION CRITERIA ............................................................................................................................... 42 
6.3. 
WITHDRAWAL CRITERIA ........................................................................................................................... 43 
6.4. 
EARLY DISCONTINUATION OF AN INDIVIDUAL PATIENT ............................................................................ 43 
6.5. 
EARLY DISCONTINUATION OF THE STUDY ................................................................................................. 43 
6.6. 
PATIENT AND STUDY COMPLETION ........................................................................................................... 43 
7. 
TREATMENT OF PATIENTS................................................................................................................44 
7.1. 
DOSE INITIATION AND ESCALATION .......................................................................................................... 44 
7.2. 
PERMITTED MEDICATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 44 
7.3. 
MONITORING COMPLIANCE ....................................................................................................................... 44 
7.4. 
EXIT POINTS .............................................................................................................................................. 45 
7.5. 
EXPECTED DURATION OF PATIENT PARTICIPATION ................................................................................... 45 
8. 
ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY ...................................................................................................................46 
8.1. 
DEFINITION OF ADVERSE EVENTS ............................................................................................................. 46 
8.2. 
EXPECTED ADVERSE EVENTS IN HYDROXYUREA RECIPIENTS .................................................................. 46 
8.3. 
ADVERSE EVENTS ..................................................................................................................................... 46 
9. 
PROCEDURE FOR RECORDING AND REPORTING ADVERSE EVENTS .................................48 
9.1. 
RECORDING OF ADVERSE EVENTS IN THE EDC DATABASE ...................................................................... 48 
9.2. 
REPORTING OF ADVERSE EVENTS ............................................................................................................. 48 
9.3. 
SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENTS ....................................................................................................................... 48 
9.4. 
REPORTING SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENTS .................................................................................................... 49 
9.4.1. 
Reporting Procedures ..................................................................................................................... 50 
10. 
EVALUATION OF RESULTS ................................................................................................................51 
10.1. 
PHARMACOKINETIC ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................. 51 
10.2. 
SAFETY AND SECONDARY ANALYSES ....................................................................................................... 52 
10.3. 
PALATABILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY ANALYSES ....................................................................................... 53 
10.4. 
DOSE ESCALATION ANALYSES .................................................................................................................. 53 
10.5. 
DATA SAFETY MONITORING COMMITTEE ................................................................................................. 53 
10.6. 
REPORTING URGENT SAFETY MEASURES .................................................................................................. 53 
10.7. 
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................ 53 
10.7.1. 
Analysis Populations ....................................................................................................................... 53 
10.7.2. 
Sample Size ..................................................................................................................................... 54 
10.7.3. 
Data Analysis .................................................................................................................................. 54 
10.7.4. 
Missing, Unused or Spurious Data ................................................................................................. 54 
10.7.5. 
Deviations from the Planned Statistical Analyses ........................................................................... 54 
11. 
REGULATORY AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS ......................................................................55 
11.1. 
GOOD CLINICAL PRACTICE ....................................................................................................................... 55 
11.2. 
INFORMED CONSENT ................................................................................................................................. 55 
11.3. 
REGULATORY AUTHORITY APPROVAL ...................................................................................................... 55 
11.4. 
INDEPENDENT ETHICS COMMITTEE REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 55 
11.5. 
DATA SAFETY MONITORING COMMITTEE ................................................................................................. 55 
11.6. 
INDEMNITY AND INSURANCE ..................................................................................................................... 56 
11.7. 
PATIENT CONFIDENTIALITY ...................................................................................................................... 56 
11.8. 
STUDY DOCUMENTATION AND STORAGE .................................................................................................. 56 
11.9. 
END OF STUDY .......................................................................................................................................... 57 
11.10. 
PUBLICATION POLICY ................................................................................................................................ 57 
12. 
ADMINISTRATIVE OBLIGATIONS....................................................................................................58 
12.1. 
SOURCE DATA ........................................................................................................................................... 58 
12.2. 
MONITORING ............................................................................................................................................. 58 
12.3. 
QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE........................................................................................ 58 
12.4. 
DATA COLLECTION AND MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................... 58 
12.5. 
ADHERENCE TO THE PROTOCOL ................................................................................................................ 59 
12.6. 
STUDY OR SITE DISCONTINUATION ........................................................................................................... 59 
12.7. 
PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES .................................................................................................................. 59 
12.7.1. 
Investigator ..................................................................................................................................... 59 
12.7.2. 
Clinical Monitor .............................................................................................................................. 60 
12.7.3. 
Sponsor ........................................................................................................................................... 60 
13. 
REFERENCES ..........................................................................................................................................61 


 
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APPENDICES .....................................................................................................................................................63 
13.1. 
APPENDIX I - INDIVIDUAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR SIGNATURE SHEETS ........................ 64 
13.2. 
APPENDIX II - PROTOCOL AMENDMENTS ...................................................................................... 65 
 


 
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Protocol Number: INV543 
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LIST OF IN-TEXT TABLES 
 
 
Table 1 Schedule of Study Assessments ............................................................................... 27 
Table 2 Blood Sampling Schedule .......................................................................................... 36 
 
 
 
 


 
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Protocol Number: INV543 
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LIST OF IN-TEXT FIGURES 
 
 
Figure 1 Study Schematic for an Individual ........................................................................... 26 
 
 
 


 
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Protocol Number: INV543 
FINAL V9.0 Dated: 03 Jun 2021 
PROTOCOL SYNOPSIS 
TITLE  
A prospective, open label, pharmacokinetic study of an oral 
hydroxyurea solution in children with sickle cell anemia 
 
SHORT TITLE: 
Pharmacokinetics of Oral Hydroxyurea Solution (HUPK) 
STUDY NUMBER: 
INV543 
FINAL PROTOCOL DATE: 
Version 9.0: Dated 03 Jun 2021 
PHASE: 
I/II 
SPONSOR: 
Nova Laboratories Limited 
Martin House, Gloucester Crescent, Wigston, Leicester, LE18 4YL, 
United Kingdom (UK) 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR(S): 
Dr Angela E Rankine- Mullings 
STUDY SITE LOCATIONS: 
Jamaica, UK 
TEST PRODUCT: 
Novel oral solution formulation of hydroxyurea (proposed brand name: 
Xromi®). 
 
The dose administered will be variable and according to the bodyweight 
of the patient, and the most recent complete blood count and 
biochemistry (serum creatinine) results. 
  
OBJECTIVES: 
Primary objective: 
• 
To determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of oral hydroxyurea 
solution (a population PK approach will be adopted to characterize 
the PK in this population)  
 
Secondary objectives will be to further evaluate the safety of oral 
hydroxyurea solution and: 
• 
To assess effects on fetal hemoglobin (HbF), hemoglobin (Hb), 
hematocrit,  mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell 
count (WBC) and differentials, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), 
absolute reticulocyte count, platelets, bilirubin, cystatin C and 
lactate dehydrogenase 
• 
To assess effects on pain, transfusions, hospitalizations, and 
acute chest syndrome (ACS) 
• 
To assess the acceptability and palatability of oral hydroxyurea 
solution 
• 
To investigate the effects of hydroxyurea dose escalation on 
laboratory and clinical parameters 
 
Safety 
Safety endpoints will also include the incidence of adverse events 
(AEs). 
STUDY DESIGN: 
An open label, observational, safety and pharmacokinetic study of oral 
hydroxyurea solution administered to children from 6 months to 17.99 
years (i.e. to the day before 18th birthday), with a 12- to 15-month 
treatment period for each participant. The study treatment duration will 
be for 6 months at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), which is usually 
reached by 6 months after initiation of treatment.  For patients in whom 
time to MTD is longer than 6 months or not achieved at all, the 
maximum duration of study treatment will be 15 months. 
 
External Safety Data Monitoring 
Board 
An independent Data Safety Monitoring Committee will be formed to 
alert and/or make recommendations to the Sponsor about any existing 
or potential safety issues. 
SAMPLE SIZE: 
Up to 35 patients, both male and female, aged 6 months to 17.99 years 
(i.e. to the day before 18th birthday) of age will be recruited: 
A minimum of 6 patients need to be enrolled in the 6 months to 1.99 
years age group and a minimum of 6 patients in the 2 to 5.99 years age 
group (where .99 represents the day before the patient’s birthday). If 


 
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Protocol Number: INV543 
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required, patient withdrawal from the study before a sufficient number of 
PK samples are obtained may necessitate the recruitment of additional 
patients for that age group. If samples from a patient cannot be 
included in the analysis (invalid) then the study may also need to recruit 
additional patients for analysis, to ensure that we have up to 35 
complete PK data sets.  
 
INCLUSION CRITERIA: 
1. 
Male or female aged from 6 months to 17.99 years of age (i.e. to 
the day before 18th birthday). 
2. 
Diagnosis of sickle cell anemia (HbSS and HbS𝛽𝛽0). 
3. 
Parent(s)/legal guardian able and willing to provide written 
informed consent for the child to take part in the study. 
4. 
Where applicable, the child should assent to undergo blood 
sampling for PK and biochemistry purposes and to allow 
physiological measurements to be made. 
EXCLUSION CRITERIA: 
 
 
1. 
Any clinically significant medical condition or abnormality, which, in 
the opinion of the investigator, might compromise the safety of the 
patient or which might interfere with the study. 
2. 
Hydroxyurea use within 6 months before enrolment. 
3. 
Renal insufficiency (known creatinine more than twice the upper limit 
of normal (ULN) for age and > 1.0 mg/dL [88.4 micromol/L]) 
4. 
Clinical 
evidence 
of 
hepatic 
compromise 
with 
alanine 
aminotransferase (ALT) more than 3 times the ULN (a temporary 
swing in ALT will not result in exclusion). 
5. 
Other significant organ system dysfunction based on the site 
investigator’s discretion. 
6. 
Severe active infections: fungal, viral, or bacterial (as confirmed by 
culture). Examples include tuberculosis, malaria, active hepatitis, 
osteomyelitis, or any other illness that would preclude the use of 
hydroxyurea in normal clinical practice. 
7. 
Active chronic leg ulcers. 
8. 
Known allergy to oral hydroxyurea solution or any of the excipients. 
9. 
Positive pregnancy test for females of child-bearing potential (in 
post-menarcheal females) before initiation of treatment, unless 
patient is sexually abstinent. Note: true abstinence is considered as 
being in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the patient. 
Periodic abstinence (such as calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, 
post-ovulation methods) and withdrawal are not acceptable methods 
of contraception. 
10. Inadequate contraception measures in sexually active females (in 
post-menarcheal females) and males of child-bearing age (see 
Section 5.13 Pregnancy Prevention). 
11. Currently breastfeeding. 
12. Participating in another clinical study of an investigational medicinal 
product (IMP). 
13. Known infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. 
WITHDRAWAL CRITERIA 
1. 
Request of the patient/parent/legal guardian, for any reason. 
2. 
Discretion of the investigator 
TREATMENT STRATEGY: 
All children with sickle cell anemia initiating oral hydroxyurea therapy 
will be eligible for recruitment into the study.  
 
All children will start on an oral dose of 15 mg/kg once daily. The dose 
will be escalated by 5 mg/kg/day every 8-12 weeks until the MTD is 
achieved. Give until hematological toxicity, an ANC of 1-3 × 109/L 
occurs, or a maximum dose of 35 mg/kg/day is acheived. Once the 
MTD is established, treatment will be maintained for a maximum of 12-
15-months. 
 
Doses will be calculated based on most current bodyweight (measured 
at each in-clinic visit). Doses will be rounded where necessary to the 
nearest 10 mg. Calculations will be made using a dosing calculator or 
by formula. 
 
The PK of oral hydroxyurea solution will be evaluated at Day 1 and 
~6 months later. Safety endpoints will mirror those of current standard 
care where possible, with patients evaluated at 2- to 4-week intervals 
for the first 2 months, then 4- to 12-week intervals thereafter (up to 12 


 
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weeks maximal between in-clinic visits, 4 weekly safety telephone calls 
are mandatory between in-clinic visits), with a combination of in-clinic 
and telephone visits. Palatability and acceptability will be assessed 
once after 8 weeks. 
 
ENDPOINTS: 
Primary Endpoints 
 
PK parameters 
• 
Clearance (CL/F) 
• 
Volume of distribution (V/F) 
• 
Time to maximum concentration (Tmax) 
• 
Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) 
• 
Area under plasma concentration time curve (AUC) 
• 
Half-life (t½) 
  
Secondary Endpoints 
 
Safety 
• 
Incidence of AEs 
• 
ANC 
• 
WBC count and differentials 
• 
Platelets 
• 
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin 
• 
Hematocrit 
• 
Bilirubin 
• 
Elevation in liver function tests 
• 
Hb/anemia 
• 
Additional safety laboratory parameters (hematology/biochemistry) 
• 
Bacterial infections 
• 
Viral infections 
• 
Fungal infections 
• 
Leg ulcers 
 
Biomarkers 
• 
HbF 
• 
MCV 
• 
Cystatin C 
 
Clinical Status 
• 
Incidence of acute pain crises*  
• 
Number and frequency of blood transfusions  
• 
Incidence of ACS 
• 
Hospitalizations 
• 
Dose escalation i.e. time to MTD 
• 
Clinical parameters (symptoms)  
• 
Parent/caregiver acceptability/usability by questionnaire 
Palatability and acceptability: evaluate the taste acceptability of the 
new oral liquid formulation of hydroxyurea. 
 
Exploratory Endpoints 
• 
Transcranial doppler velocity 
• 
Urine parameters (albumin and creatinine for albumin-to-creatinine 
ratio) 
 
* Defined as an acute episode of pain with no known cause for pain other than a 
vaso-occlusive event; requiring a visit to a medical facility; and requiring 
treatment with a narcotic (including opiates) and/or non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs ; but is NOT classified as an ACS, hepatic sequestration, 
splenic sequestration, or priapism. 
ADVERSE EVENTS 
All AEs that occur during the duration of therapy will be recorded and 
reported per regulatory health authority requirements. 
PROCEDURE 
Safety 
Patients will attend in-clinic visits at 2 weekly intervals for the first 2 
months from initiating treatment. At Investigator discretion the visit 
window may be extended to 4 weekly intervals if it is deemed safe to do 
so, with safety phone calls replacing the 2 weekly in-clinic visits. 


 
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Hydroxyurea dose adjustments will be made following in-clinic visits 
where applicable. 
 
After the first 2 months (week 8), patients will have safety reviews either 
at in-clinic appointments or via telephone calls on a 4- to 12-weekly 
basis for the duration of the study (12-15 months). The frequency of 
in-clinic visits will be at investigator discretion to ensure patient safety, 
with up to a maximum of 12 weeks between in-clinic visits or in line with 
the current standard care.  
 
The safety of the test product will be assessed by AEs, serious AEs and 
laboratory tests. 
 
Pharmacokinetics 
The PK of oral hydroxyurea solution will be evaluated at 2 study visits: 
PK1 – Day 1 
PK2 – Week 20-36 (~6 months) 
 
On the day of PK sampling, hydroxyurea will be administered in the 
clinic.  A peripheral venous catheter will be used for sampling and blood 
will be sampled post-dose at any of the following time points:  
 
Time point (h) 
< 2 years old = (Pre-dose) + any 2 
> 2 years old = (Pre-dose) + any 3-5 
 
 *Pre-dose 
0.25 
0.5 
1 
1.5 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
 
*The pre-dose sample is mandatory in all patients. In patients < 2 years 
old up to 2 post-dose samples will be taken (3 samples in total), and in 
patients ≥ 2 years old, 3-5 additional samples will be taken 
(4-6 samples in total including the pre-dose sample). 
 
A single sample for PK analysis will also be taken at interim in-clinic 
visits, whenever feasible (dosing will not be administered in clinic for 
these). 
 
Sampling time points may be amended; however, target total blood 
volume and target number of samples will remain unchanged. 
 
Palatability and Acceptability 
The palatability and acceptability of the product will be assessed once 
after the patient has been receiving the IMP for 8 weeks,  or at early 
withdrawal( if possible). A questionnaire-based survey will be used, 
probing the patient’s/parent’s/caregiver’s views on overall acceptability 
(such as taste, smell, ease, and willingness to take oral hydroxyurea 
solution on a daily basis), and utilizing a 5-point facial hedonic scale as 
well as open/closed questions. 
 
PATIENT DURATION: 
Patients will be administered once daily doses of oral hydroxyurea 
solution for 12-15 months. The individual patient’s participation will 
therefore be up to 15 months (i.e. 6 months at MTD which is usually 
reached at 6 months, but a maximum duration of participation of 
15 months regardless). Irrespective of the date of exit all patients will 
receive the end of study visit (see week 60 visit assessments).  
 
STATISTICAL METHODS 
Safety Data Analysis: 


 
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Protocol Number: INV543 
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Safety analyses will include summaries of physical examinations, 
clinical laboratory results (where possible in-clinic), and AE reports. 
Adverse events will be Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 
coded and presented by relatedness, severity, and body system. 
Serious AEs will be listed in detail, describing the timing of each event, 
the nature, severity, seriousness, and relatedness of the event. 
Additional analyses may be conducted if the number of events permits. 
 
Pharmacokinetic Data Analysis: 
The data from all patients taking part in the study will be pooled and 
analyzed simultaneously to avoid excessive blood sampling. Population 
PK parameters will be estimated by using a non-linear, mixed effects 
modeling approach. 
   
In the population approach, all data from different individuals will be 
fitted simultaneously using a non-linear, mixed effects modeling 
approach and post hoc individual kinetic parameters can be calculated 
with as few as 1 sample per individual. An appropriate software 
package such as NONMEM will be used to conduct the analysis.  
 
One interim analysis is currently planned; when all patients complete 
approximately 9 months of the study (i.e. when the last patient reaches 
their week 40 visit). The interim analyses will include all study endpoints 
described in the Statistical Analysis Plan.  
 
 
 


 
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ABBREVIATIONS 
 
%HbF  
Percentage of HbF 
ACS 
 
Acute chest syndrome 
AE 
 
Adverse event 
ALT 
 
Alanine aminotranferase 
ANC 
 
Absolute neutrophil count 
ARC 
 
Absolute reticulocyte count 
AUC 
 
Area under the plasma concentration time curve 
βS 
Sickle mutation in beta globin 
CBC 
 
Complete blood count 
Cmax 
 
Maximum plasma concentration 
CL/F 
 
Clearance 
CRF 
 
Case report form 
%CV 
Coefficient of variation  
DSMC 
Data Safety Monitoring Committee 
eCRF 
Electronic case report form 
EDC 
Electronic Data Capture 
EMA 
European Medicines Agency 
EU 
European Union 
FBC 
 
Full blood count 
FDA 
 
Food and Drug Administration 
Hb 
 
Hemoglobin 
HbS   
Sickle hemoglobin 
HbSS  
Homozygous HbS 
HbSβ0  
HbS/β0-thalassemia (compound heterozygous) 
HbF 
 
Fetal hemoglobin 
HIV 
 
Human immunodeficiency virus 
IEC 
 
Independent ethics committee 
ICH-GCP 
International Council for Harmonisation-Good Clinical Practice 
IMP 
 
Investigational medicinal product 
LDH 
 
Lactate dehydrogenase 
LFT 
 
Liver function test 
MCV   
Mean corpuscular volume 
MCH  
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 
MedDRA 
Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 
MHRA  
Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency 
MOHW 
Ministry of Health and Wellness  
MTD 
 
Maximum tolerated dose 
NSAID  
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 
PICU  
Pediatric intensive care unit 
PK 
 
Pharmacokinetics 
PK1 
 
Pharmacokinetic Day 1 
PK2 
 
Pharmacokinetic Day 2 
RCT 
 
Randomized controlled trial 
RR 
 
Ribonucleotide reductase 
SAE 
 
Serious adverse event 
SAP 
 
Statistical Analysis Plan 
SCA 
 
Sickle cell anemia 
SCD 
 
Sickle cell disease 
SD 
 
Standard deviation 
SOP 
 
Standard Operating Procedure 
SUSAR 
Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reaction 
TEAE  
Treatment-emergent adverse event 


 
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t½ 
 
Half-life 
Tmax 
 
Time to maximum concentration 
TCD 
 
Transcranial doppler  
UK 
 
United Kingdom 
ULN 
 
Upper limit of normal 
US 
 
United States 
V/F 
Volume of distribution 
VOC 
Vaso-occlusive crisis 
WBC   
White blood cell  
WHO  
World Health Organization 


 
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1. 
INTRODUCTION  
1.1. 
Background: Sickle Cell Anemia  
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of closely related inherited anemias characterized by the 
predominance of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) within circulating erythrocytes, which causes 
erythrocyte shape changes with subsequent hemolytic anemia and vascular occlusion.  In most 
cases, the patient inherits the abnormal HbS allele from both parents and has homozygous HbS 
(HbSS), but compound heterozygous conditions such as HbS/β0-thalassemia and Hemoglobin 
SC also contribute to the clinical spectrum of sickle cell disease. HbSS and HbSβ0 thalassemia 
are clinically very similar and therefore are commonly referred to as sickle cell anemia (SCA). The 
molecular basis for erythrocyte sickling is a single nucleotide substitution in codon 6 of the β-
globin gene leading to an amino acid substitution (Glu→Val) that is responsible for the (βS), which 
forms the abnormal HbS tetramer. Upon deoxygenation, HbS undergoes rapid intracellular 
polymerization with subsequent cellular dehydration, altering the shape of the erythrocyte 
membrane into a sickled form, and adversely affecting the usual physiologic deformability of 
erythrocytes that allows them to traverse the circulation freely. These rigid and deformed sickle 
erythrocytes have a shortened lifespan and undergo both intravascular and extravascular 
hemolysis, vaso-occlusion and abnormal erythrocyte-endothelial interactions, leading to acute 
tissue hypoxia and chronic organ damage. Clinical manifestations of SCA include acute vaso-
occlusive events, chronic hemolytic anemia, and organ dysfunction due to repeated sickling 
episodes 1. 
SCA is among the world’s most common inherited hemolytic anemias. The prevalence of SCA is 
highest in sub-Saharan Africa. Lack of diagnostic facilities means that precise data are not 
available, however a recent estimate suggests that more than 230,000 affected children are born 
in this region every year (0.74% of the births in sub-Saharan Africa), which is about 80% of the 
global total. By comparison, the yearly estimate of affected births in Europe is 1300 and in North 
America is 2600 2. 
Despite the well-described genetics and pathophysiology of SCA, clinical care for affected 
individuals has been mostly supportive, typically including red blood cell transfusions, intravenous 
hydration, analgesics and antibiotics. Increased fetal hemoglobin (HbF) has been associated with 
a less severe phenotype, which has spurred interest in the identification of pharmacologic agents 
capable of inducing HbF expression. Hydroxyurea (International approved name; hydroxyurea, 
United States [US] approved name) was identified as a potent HbF inducer and was subsequently 
found to be both a feasible and effective treatment option for SCA. Over the last 30 years, 
hydroxyurea has become an established disease modifying agent in patients with SCA 1. 
Hydroxyurea is a cytotoxic, antimetabolite, and antineoplastic agent used for several decades to 
treat a variety of medical disorders, most notably myeloproliferative neoplasms, chronic 
myelogenous leukemia, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The first clinical application of 
hydroxyurea for patients with SCA was reported in 1984, when Platt and colleagues demonstrated 
a rapid and dramatic increase in HbF-containing reticulocytes without significant bone marrow 
toxicity 3. Over the last 30 years, a series of ‘proof of principle’ experiments, phase 1-3 studies in 
adults and children with SCA treated with hydroxyurea at maximum tolerated dose (MTD) 
demonstrated significant dose-dependent increases in hemoglobin (Hb) and HbF, along with 
concurrent reduction in total white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, and reticulocytes, and reduction 
in hemolysis. Hydroxyurea has become established as a disease modifying therapy 1. 
Hydroxyurea was approved for the treatment of adults with SCA by the Food and Drug 
Administration (FDA) in 1997 and for both children and adults by the European Medicines Agency 
(EMA) in 2006. 
In SCA, the primary effect of hydroxyurea is to increase HbF levels. HbF inhibits intracellular HbS 
polymerization and prevents the sickling process within erythrocytes. However, the full benefits 
of hydroxyurea therapy in SCA are multifactorial, extending beyond HbF induction. The principal 
and most well understood mechanism of action of hydroxyurea in vivo is the reversible inhibition 


 
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of ribonucleotide reductase (RR), a critical enzyme that converts ribonucleosides into 
deoxyribonucleosides, which are required for the synthesis and repair of deoxyribonucleic acid. 
Potent inhibition of RR leads to decreased intracellular pools of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates 
and impedes progression of cellular division through S phase. Temporary arrest of hematopoiesis 
through once-daily hydroxyurea results in altered erythroid kinetics upon recovery; such ‘stress 
erythropoiesis’ features higher HbF through recruitment of early erythroid progenitors that 
maintain their HbF-producing capacity. Erythrocytes with more HbF are larger (higher mean 
corpuscular volume [MCV]) and more deformable (better rheology).  Myelopoiesis is also affected, 
leading to dose-dependent and reversible neutropenia. Other benefits include reduced 
expression of surface molecules that adhere to the endothelium, decreased degree of chronic 
inflammation as seen by decrease in WBC and platelet counts, increased levels of nitric oxide 
and cyclic nucleotides that may facilitate vascular dilatation, and also induced HbF, and even 
direct salutary effects on the vascular endothelium 4.  
1.2. 
Rationale: The Need for a Liquid Formulation 
The optimum mg/kg dosing for a child of any given age results in a wide range of doses, with 
intermediate doses only achievable by the available tablets being halved or quartered. In the US 
only capsules are available, requiring in most cases doses to vary on a daily basis or be rounded 
up or down. Intermediate doses can only be delivered accurately with an oral liquid formulation.  
Moreover, young children especially find taking capsules and tablets very difficult. 
To facilitate dose individualization and improve palatability and acceptability, children are often 
administered unlicensed (compounded) liquid formulations of hydroxyurea prepared either in 
hospital pharmacies or by commercial compounders. In response to requests by clinicians and 
pharmacists, Nova Laboratories have been supplying a compounded hydroxyurea oral solution 
to the United Kingdom (UK) market for almost 10 years. Although these unlicensed oral solutions 
are currently meeting a pediatric need, it potentially exposes children to medication errors and 
the consequential higher risk of adverse reactions or inadequate efficacy.   
Although compounded oral solutions are widely used in the US and Europe, clinical data 
assessing systemic exposure of the oral solution, especially in infants, are limited. Nova 
Laboratories is therefore proposing to undertake a clinical study with their novel oral solution 
formulation to assess its in vivo performance. Since July 2019, the novel liquid formulation 
(Xromi®) has been an approved product in the UK and European Union (EU), indicated for the 
treatment of sickle cell disease in children over the age of 2 years. 
This study aims to investigate the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of the new oral hydroxyurea 
100 mg/mL solution formulation in children with SCA, and to extend the current licensed indication 
in the UK and the EU to children aged 6 months to 2 years old. The study is also required for the 
US FDA as a pivotal study for marketing approval in the US. 
The study will be conducted in compliance with the protocol, International Council for 
Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP) and the applicable regulatory health authority 
requirement(s). 
1.3. 
Justification for the Route of Administration, Dosage and Treatment 
Period 
1.3.1. 
Route 
Oral hydroxyurea administered to adults and children for treatment of SCA, has been shown 
through several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and numerous observational studies, to 
improve clinical outcomes such as decreased incidence of acute pain crises and acute chest 
syndrome (ACS), as well as reducing the requirement for blood transfusions and hospitalizations. 


 
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Licensed oral capsule and tablet forms of hydroxyurea are available; however, many young 
children struggle to take solid oral dosage forms. A child-appropriate, approved oral solution 
formulation will permit flexible dosing, ease of use, and reduce the risk of medication errors.  
All children will be dosed according to the hydroxyurea dosing guidelines recommended by the 
US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Evidence Based Guidelines5, which includes dose 
titration to MTD, and overall management will be according to local clinical care guidelines. 
1.3.2. 
Justification for Dose and Dose Escalation 
Charache et al, (1992)6 showed that the effects of hydroxyurea are dose-dependent. They studied 
the hydroxyurea dose-response curve in 49 patients and reported an increase in the percentage 
of HbF (%HbF) and fetal cells with increasing doses, approaching an asymptote at around 
35 mg/kg/day. Subsequently, many clinical trials have demonstrated that the laboratory and 
clinical benefits of hydroxyurea are optimized when escalated to MTD, which is defined as the 
highest stable and tolerated dose (mg/kg/day) that achieves a target range of mild marrow 
suppression, most commonly determined by the absolute neutrophil count (ANC), but also by the 
absolute reticulocyte count (ARC). 
At MTD, almost all patients with SCA have a significant increase in the total Hb concentration and 
the MCV, but the laboratory benefits of hydroxyurea are most often defined by the amount of HbF 
achieved. All children with good adherence will respond to hydroxyurea, but there is substantial 
interpatient variability in both the MTD itself and the %HbF levels achieved. For example, some 
patients tolerate an MTD as high as 35 mg/kg/day before reaching appropriate myelosuppression, 
while others can only tolerate a dose of 15-20 mg/kg/day. Similarly, some patients achieve HbF 
levels > 40%, while others are never able to reach 20%. 
In a recent report from the Hydroxyurea Study of Long-Term Effects (HUSTLE), a prospective 
observational study (NCT00305175) with a primary goal of describing the long-term effects of 
hydroxyurea therapy in children with SCA, higher % HbF levels conferred greater protection 
against hospitalization for vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) or ACS.  In 230 children (median age 7.4 
years, range 6 months to 17.9 years), providing 610 patient-years of follow up, the mean attained 
HbF% at MTD (median dose of 28.0 mg/kg/day, range 13.0 to 35.0 mg/kg/day) was >20% for up 
to 4 years of follow-up. When %HbF values were < 20%, children had twice the odds of 
hospitalization for any reason (P<0.0001), including VOC (P<0.01) and ACS (P<0.01), and more 
than four times the odds of admission for fever (P<0.001).  Thirty-day readmission rates were not 
affected by %HbF. Neutropenia (ANC <1000 × 109/L) was rare (2.3% of all laboratory monitoring), 
transient, and benign. Therefore, attaining HbF > 20% was associated with fewer hospitalizations 
without significant toxicity. These data support the use of hydroxyurea in children and suggest 
that the preferred dosing strategy is one that targets a HbF endpoint > 20% 7. 
Presently, dosing in children and adults is individualised to the MTD (to a max of 35 mg/kg/day), 
through careful incremental dose increases, cautious monitoring of haematology and the HbF 
response. The starting dose of hydroxyurea in adults and children with SCD is typically 15-20 
mg/kg, and doses are escalated (titrated) to a MTD of 35 mg/kg 8,9,10,5. Using this dose escalation 
strategy, MTD is reached in approximately 6-12 months. This individualized dosing approach has 
been reported in the pivotal RCTs and observations studies in adults and children: Multicenter 
Study of Hydroxyurea (pivotal RCT of hydroxyurea in adults with SCA)11, (SWiTCH)12, 
(TWiTCH)13. Taken together, escalation of the hydroxyurea dose to MTD is warranted for the 
optimal treatment response, aiming for mild marrow suppression of both neutrophils and 
reticulocytes as outlined above. 
1.3.3. 
Dosage and Dose Escalation 
• 
Starting dosage for all patients: 15 mg/kg/day 


 
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• 
Monitor complete blood count (CBC) with WBC differential and ARC about every 
4 weeks when adjusting dosage 
• 
Aim for a target absolute neutrophil count 1-3 × 109/L; however: 
o Maintain platelet count > 80 × 109/L 
• 
If hematological toxicity occurs as defined by: 
o Neutropenia (ANC < 1.0 × 109/L). Additionally, if ANC < 1.5 × 109/L repeat CBC 
in a week, if there are concerns about toxicity, but maintain the same dose. 
o Thrombocytopenia (platelets < 80 × 109/L) 
o ARC < 80 × 109/L, unless Hb concentration > 9.0 g/dl   
o A 20% decrease in Hb concentration, from baseline or Hb < 4.5 g/dL 
Temporarily stop hydroxyurea dosing and: 
o Monitor CBC with WBC differential weekly until toxicity resolves 
o If hematological toxicity resolves in 1 week, restart hydroxyurea at the same 
dose. If hematological toxicity persists for > 1 week or occurs twice in a 3-month 
period, the hydroxyurea dose should be withheld until recovery and then reduced 
by about 2.5 mg/kg/day, or at a dose of 2.5-5.0 mg/kg/day lower than the dose 
given before onset of cytopenias 
 
If dose escalation is warranted based on clinical and laboratory findings, typically failure 
to achieve mild neutrophil and reticulocyte suppression, guidance recommends to 
proceed as follows: 
• 
Increase by 5 mg/kg/day increments every 8-12 weeks (at in-clinic visits) 
• 
Give until mild myelosuppression (ANC  1-3 × 109/L) is achieved. However, if ARC 
remains high (> 200 × 109 /L), dose escalation may continue if clinically indicated, to 
achieve the optimal dosing 
• 
Dose must not exceed a maximum dose of 35 mg/kg/day 
• 
Once a stable dose is established, laboratory safety monitoring should include CBC with 
WBC differential, ARC, platelet count, and blood chemistry every 4 weeks 
 
Doses will be calculated based on most current bodyweight (measured at each in-clinic visit). 
Doses will be rounded where necessary to the nearest 10 mg.  Calculations will be made using a 
dosing calculator or by formula. Dose changes will be carried out at investigator discretion 
following safety review and blood work at an in-clinic visit, and can be communicated to the patient 
via telephone (if required) following the visit. As the period between in-clinic safety review can be 
up to 12 weeks in investigator determined ‘stable’ patients, trends towards toxicity identified by 
the investigator can be treated proactively at the discretion of the investigator to ensure patient 
safety until the patients next in-clinic safety review (this may include reducing dose by 2.5-
5.0 mg/kg/day, or temporary halts, as applicable). 
Patients will be reminded (as per standard practice) that the effectiveness of hydroxyurea 
depends on their adherence to daily dosing; they should be counselled not to double up doses if 
a dose is missed. Hydroxyurea therapy will be continued during hospitalizations or illness unless 
there is hematological toxicity. 
 
1.3.4. 
Treatment Period 
All patients with confirmed SCA who, in the opinion of the investigator, would benefit from 
hydroxyurea therapy will be eligible for recruitment into the study. 
Hydroxyurea will be prescribed to patients based on current guidelines14, (see Section 1.3.2 
Justification for Dose and Dose Escalation and Section 1.3.3 Dosage and Dose Escalation). Dose 
escalation for patients being treated with hydroxyurea will be for a period of 3 to 6 months, after 
which the patients will usually remain on a maintenance dose (the MTD). The duration of the study 


 
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for each patient will be for approximately 12 to 15 months (end of study is defined as 6 months 
after achieving MTD), after which continued treatment with hydroxyurea will be outside of this 
study protocol and will be managed by the clinical team according to local practice.  
The PK of oral hydroxyurea 100 mg/mL solution (test product) will be evaluated at treatment 
initiation (Day 1 [PK2]) and at approximately 6 months (PK2) following treatment initiation. Safety 
endpoints will be evaluated at 2- to 4-week intervals for the first 2 months via telephone or in-
clinic visits, then at 4- to 12-week intervals thereafter (up to 12 weeks maximal between in-clinic 
visits, 4-weekly safety telephone calls are mandatory between in-clinic visits). Palatability and 
acceptability of the oral solution will be assessed once after 8 weeks. 
In-clinic visits will be at investigator discretion to ensure patient safety. Where an in-clinic visit is 
not possible, a safety phone call must be held. All measures planned for the in-clinic visit will be 
carried out at the next in-clinic visit. The in-clinic visits can be every 4-12 weeks, with 12 weeks 
as the maximum time permitted between in-clinic visits for stable patients. This is in line with 
current standard care practices, with safety phone calls every 4 weeks in between. 
All sites are expected to ensure that they have provided patients with sufficient stock of 
investigational medicinal product (IMP) to ensure they can last up to a maximum of 12 weeks 
between in-clinic study visits, if required. This extended up to 12-week in-clinic visit window will 
not alter the patient’s total duration on the IMP which remains a maximal 15 months (or 6 months 
after achieving MTD). Where necessary, at investigator or Sponsor discretion, sites may arrange 
for a courier to provide IMP to patients at their home address (see Section 4.5 IMP Deliveries to 
Patient’s Home Address). 
1.4. 
Benefits and Risks 
The importance and potential benefits of this work to patients are clear, as presently in the US, 
hydroxyurea approved for SCA is only available as 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg and 500 mg capsule, 
and 100 mg and 1000 mg tablet formulations, respectively.  However, since July 2019, a novel 
liquid formulation developed by Nova Laboratories (Xromi®) has been an approved product in the 
UK and the EU, indicated for the treatment of children over the age of 2 years only. The primary 
reason for conducting this study is because it has been requested by the FDA (advice received 
in a Type C meeting) to support a New Drug Application submission for the indication of treatment 
of SCD in infants (< 2 years), children and adults. It is hoped that the outcomes of this study will 
also support the Marketing Authorisation Application for Xromi® in the EU and UK.  
US National Institute for Health, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute guidelines (2014)5 and 
evidence from the placebo-controlled infant hydroxyurea (BABY HUG) trial and recent literature 
15 show that there is a strong recommendation for offering hydroxyurea to very young children 
with SCA within their first year, regardless of clinical severity. With the aim of reducing the severity 
of symptoms and on-set of serious clinical complications, with evidence of increased levels of 
HbF in children started on hydroxyurea before the age of 12 months. 
Solid oral dosage forms such as tablets and capsules can offer advantages (over liquid 
formulations) of greater stability, improved palatability, and portability.  However, many children 
under the age of 6 years have difficulty swallowing tablets or capsules. In a retrospective survey16, 
it was found that children taking antiretroviral liquids preparations change to solid dose forms at 
approximately 7 years of age. Hence, to optimize dosing, there is a clear need for an approved 
child-appropriate, oral solution formulation of hydroxyurea, that can be used before the age of 12 
months.  
Any risks associated with taking blood samples from the peripheral venous catheter for safety 
assessment or PK analysis are minimized by following the established aseptic guidelines. The 
number of PK blood samples have been minimized by utilizing a sparse sampling population PK 
modelling approach.  


 
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For all patients and staff, risk assessments will be performed relating to patients in-clinic 
attendance by the investigator/hospital site in accordance with local policies. Induction into the 
study and dose escalation should adhere to the protocol wherever possible. Investigator 
discretion will apply when it comes to considerations for patient safety. All patient treatment should 
be considered in line with National and local guidelines and hospital policies 17, 18, 19, 20, 21. 
 
2. 
OBJECTIVES AND PURPOSE 
The aim of this study is to investigate the PK, safety, palatability and acceptability of oral 
hydroxyurea 100 mg/mL solution in patients with SCA aged from 6 months to 17.99 years (i.e. to 
the day before 18th birthday) who, in the clinical opinion of the investigator, would benefit from 
hydroxyurea treatment. 
2.1. 
Primary Objective 
Primary objective: 
 
• 
To determine the PK of oral hydroxyurea solution (a population PK approach will be 
adopted to characterize the PK in this population) 
2.2. 
Secondary Objectives 
 
Secondary objectives will be to further evaluate the safety of oral hydroxyurea solution and: 
• 
To assess effects on HbF, Hb, hematocrit, MCV, WBC and differentials, ANC, ARC, 
platelets, bilirubin, cystatin C and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 
• 
To assess effects on pain, transfusions, hospitalizations, and ACS 
• 
To assess the acceptability and palatability of oral hydroxyurea solution 
• 
To investigate the effects of hydroxyurea dose escalation on laboratory and clinical 
parameters 
2.3. 
Safety  
Safety endpoints will also include the incidence of adverse events (AEs). 
 
 


 
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3. 
STUDY DESIGN 
3.1. 
Description of Study Design 
This is an open label, observational, safety and PK study of oral hydroxyurea solution 
administered to patients aged from 6 months to 17.99 years (i.e. to the day before 18th birthday). 
Figure 1 Study Schematic for an Individual summarizes transition through the study for an 
individual. 
When an appointment is made for the patient to attend the hospital clinic for review or treatment 
of SCA, the study investigator will assess whether or not the patient could expect to benefit from 
treatment with hydroxyurea. If the treating physician (the study investigator) feels that the patient 
would benefit from treatment with hydroxyurea then the parent(s)/legal guardian of the child will 
be approached to discuss the study and the possibility of the child’s entry into the study; 
information regarding the study may be sent to parents and patients prior to them attending. The 
parent(s)/legal guardian’s consent to the patient taking part in the study will be sought. Following 
parental consent, the patient will be approached, and the study procedures explained to them to 
receive their verbal and/or written assent to participate in the study, if applicable (usually where 
the child is over 12 years of age). Parents and patients may still refuse to participate in the study 
at any stage prior to or during their treatment. Parents and patients will be given as much time as 
they need to consider participation in the study. Patients and parents may choose when they 
provide consent, and they will be given time to share information about the research with their 
family or their general practitioner. Investigators will ensure that families have at least 24 hours to 
consider involvement in the study. If the parent(s)/legal guardian decide that they would not like 
their child to participate in the study then this will in no way affect the onward care of the patient. 
When the patient attends the research facility for initiation of hydroxyurea they will start with PK 
assessments on Day 1. In total, patients will attend the clinic on 2 “PK days”, these will be on 
Day 1 (PK1) and ~6 months (or between weeks 20-36) later (PK2) . Blood samples for PK analysis 
will be taken over the course of up to 6 hours, after which the patients will be able to leave the 
clinic. At subsequent clinic visits, parents and patients will be asked if they are willing to provide 
an additional single sample for PK analysis, where feasible. Patients would not need to be dosed 
in clinic but would continue with their normal dosing schedule on these visits and a sample will be 
taken with other bloods to reduce burden. 
Patients will remain in the study for 12-15 months (maximum) (or 6 months after achieving MTD), 
whilst the dose of their hydroxyurea is escalated, and then for routine follow-up.  Patients will be 
seen and assessed in the clinic or via telephone calls every 2 to 4 weeks for the first 2 months, 
and every 4 to 12 weeks for the remaining time in the study (weeks 12-60). Patients must attend 
either a telephone call or an in-clinic visit every 4 weeks, with an in-clinic visit required at least 
every 12 weeks. This may be sooner at investigator discretion for patient safety. Patients will 
receive a final study visit 6 months after achieving MTD/or up to 15 months since treatment 
initiation, whichever is sooner, and this must be completed in-clinic. Patients will be followed up 
via telephone call 4 weeks after study completion for a safety follow-up (week 64). 
Assessments at each of the follow-up visits will be performed according to the study procedures 
(Section 5 STUDY PROCEDURES). 
3.2. 
Study Schematic and Schedule 
A study schematic for individual patients is presented in Figure 1 Study Schematic for an 
Individual and a full schedule is presented in Table 1 Schedule of Study Assessments.  
 


 
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Figure 1 Study Schematic for an Individual 
 
AE = adverse event; SAE = serious adverse event. 
Patients attending the Sickle Cell unit for routine appointment or initial appointment. Hydroxyurea treatment is 
offered.  
Patients' parent(s)/legal guardian are approached regarding participation in the PK study. 
Information leaflet given/posted to parents. Ample time will be given for consideration and all questions 
answered.
If parent(s)/legal guardian consents to the patients' participation in the study the patient is approached to 
obtain their assent to participate (if appropriate).
Patients present to the study site hospital clinic for their scheduled appointment or follow-up. Patients and 
parents who have been appropriately assented /consented will attend a screening visit at -14 to - 0 day before 
start of treatment.
Continued assent/consent will be ascertained.  On PK days (PK1 - Day 1 and PK2 - Weeks 20-36) an initial blood 
will sample taken (pre-dose, at time zero).
On PK days, hydroxyurea will be administered and blood samples (then up to three to five additional samples in 
patients ≥ 2 years of age and up to two additional samples in patients < 2 years of age) will be taken for up to 
6 hours.
Further single PK and safety blood samples will be taken at any in-clinic visit over the study period.
Visits for safety (in-clinic or via telephone call) will be at 2- to 4-week intervals for the first 2 months, then 4- to 
12-week intervals for the next 12-15 months. AEs and symptoms will be collected at all vistis, with adverse 
changes in routine laboratory variables from clinic standard laboratory analyses collected at in-clinic visits. 
Patients will be assessed for acceptability and palatability (once from Week 8 or at early withdrawal [if not 
performed already]).
All AEs/SAEs events will be recorded throughout the duration of the patients' participation in the study and for 
4 weeks following the last study or early withdrawal visit. All AEs will be followed until resolution or 
stabilisation.


 
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Table 1 Schedule of Study Assessments 
Visit Due 
 
Screening 
Days  
-14 to 0 IC 
PK1 
Day 1 
 IC 
Weeks 
2, 4, 6, 
8IC/TC 
 
Weeks   
12, 
16IC/TC 
 
PK2  
 Weeks 
20, 24, 
28, 32, 
36IC/TC 
 
Weeks 
40, 44, 48, 52, 
56IC/TC 
 
Final visit 
Week 60 
20, IC  
Follow-
up visit  
Week 
64 
/4 
weeks 
post-
WD 
Visit WindowV 
(Days) 
-14 to 0 
± 0 
± 3 
days 
± 7 
days 
± 14 
days 
± 14 days 
± 14 days 
± 14 
days 
Visit Name 
0 
 
PK1 
 
Interim  
Week 
Interim  
Month  
PK2 
Interim  
Month  
Months  
12-15 
or early 
WD 
Safety 
follow-
up1 IC/TC 
Informed consent 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Demographics2  
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Anthropometric 
data3, IC 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
Medical history4  
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prior SCA and 
other medication5 
X 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Symptoms 
review6 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
Leg ulcer 
assessment7, IC 
X 
 
X 
X 
XIC 
 
X 
 
Physical 
examination8, IC 
X 
 
i 
i 
XIC 
i 
X 
 
 TCD9, IC 
X 
 
 
 
 
X 
(once in-clinic 
weeks 40-56) 
 
 
Vital signs10, IC 
X 
 
i 
i 
XIC 
i 
X 
 
 FBC11*, IC 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 HbF12, IC 
X 
 
X 
(Week 
4) 
X 
(Week 
12) 
XIC 
 
X 
 
Clinical 
chemistry13*, IC 
X 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
Cystatin C14, IC 
 
X 
 
 
XIC 
 
X 
 
Urinalysis15*, IC 
X 
 
 
 
XIC 
 
X 
 
Pregnancy test, if 
applicable (within 
7 days of IMP)16, IC 
X 
X+ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IMP initiation IC 
 
X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PK profile17, IC 
 
X 
f 
f 
XIC/ f 
f 
f 
 
Palatability and 
acceptability 
assessment18, IC 
 
 
X 
(Week 
8 or 
next 
IC) 
 
 
 
X 
(WD) 
 
AEs and 
concomitant 
medication IC/TC 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X 
X1 
Dose escalation 
review19, IC 
 
 
X 
X 
X 
X 
 
 
AE = adverse event; FBC = full blood count; HbF = fetal hemoglobin; IC = in-clinic; IMP = investigational medicinal product; 
PK = pharmacokinetic; PK1 = first PK visit; PK2 = second PK visit; SCA = sickle cell anemia; TC = telephone call; TCD = 
transcranial doppler; WD = withdrawal. 
IC/TC Visits may be conducted via in-clinic visit or telephone call for safety assessment at investigator discretion, to be indicated 
on the case report form and/or electronic capture datacase. Those measures unable to be conducted via telephone call will be 
carried out at the next in-clinic visit where applicable. At treatment initiation it is recommended that as many in-clinic visits as 


 
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possible are conducted at 2 weekly intervals until week 8 to ensure patient safety, this will be at investigator discretion. From 
week 8 onwards, in-clinic visits are required up to a maximum of 12 weeks apart, telephone calls should be carried out of in-
clinic visits at 4 weekly intervals, where applicable. 
IC Indicates the visit or individual measure must be conducted in-clinic. 
V Visit windows may be flexible as indicated; however, overall schedule will be adhered to in order that the week 20-36 PK2 falls 
within this planned 16 week window (i.e. visits must be adjusted to follow original schedule, visit windows are available in order 
to accommodate unavoidable absence such as planned holidays). 
X Mandatory for study protocol. 
F Where a single PK sample is feasible. 
^ PK2 specific visit measures (e.g. PK sampling) can be carried out once at any visit between week 20-36 (±14 days) 
XIC can be performed once at any in-clinic visit attended during the visit windows. 
i If indicated as part of clinical care. 
1. For all patients the safety follow-up visit should occur 4 weeks after final visit/week 60. This may be done by telephone (if 
patients withdraw then the telephone follow up should occur 4 weeks following withdrawal from the study). 
2. Gender, race, date of birth, and age. 
3. Length (for patients < 2 years) or height (for patients ≥ 2 years) (cm) and weight (kg). 
4. Medical history including other co-morbidities or diagnoses. Other acute complications in last 12 months including: pain 
crises, stroke, dactylitis, ACS, aplastic crisis, febrile episode requiring admission, osteomyelitis, splenic sequestration, hepatic 
sequestration, and priapism. Number of hospital admissions in last 12 months and number of admissions for pain crises and 
number of admissions to pediatric intensive care unit. Any surgical history in the last 12 months. 
5. SCA medication in the last 6 months including: penicillin, folic acid, other medication (if any) with assessment of compliance 
(if applicable). Any vaccinations provided: Pneumovax, Hepatitis B, annual influenza vaccination. For non-SCA medication, 
recording will be limited to medication ongoing at time of screening.  Non-SCA related medications used prior to study screening 
should be included in medical history. 
6. Symptoms review including: painful crises, enuresis, snoring, daytime somnolence, chronic pain, shortness of breath on 
exertion, and stuttering priapism. 
7. Patients will be examined for leg ulcers (presence/absence).  
8. A physical examination will include the following: ear/nose/throat (tonsils), dermatological, cardiovascular, respiratory, 
gastrointestinal, lymph nodes, musculoskeletal, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly (at screening, PK2 [week 20-36], final 
visit/week 60 and early WD [unless otherwise indicated]), and for ophthalmological and central nervous system (at screening, 
final visit/week 60 and early WD [unless otherwise indicated]). Other evaluations may be performed as deemed necessary by the 
investigator. This will be commented upon in the clinical study report, if applicable.  
9. TCD is mandated per protocol at screening (results can be used from a TCD which has been performed within 3 months of 
screening), and in-clinic once anywhere between week 40-56.  If TCD is undertaken at other visits as part of routine care, results 
will be collected, if appropriate.  
10. Supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse and body temperature and respiratory rate at screening (in older patients 
this will be following 5 mins rest in supine position). Supine blood pressure, pulse, body temperature and respiratory rate will be 
recorded before administration of IMP; investigators may repeat measurements as clinically indicated.  
11. If a hemoglobin electrophoresis result is not already available and it is required to confirm SCD diagnosis, it is to be arranged 
locally as part of the patient’s standard of care. At screening, weeks 2, 4, 6, 8 and then monthly thereafter (weeks 12-56) and at 
completion (final visit/week 60 or early WD [if possible]) samples will be taken for full blood count including: Hb, red blood cell 
count, hematocrit, platelets, ANC, ARC, WBC count and differentials, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, MCH, 
and MCV. However, the investigator may perform tests as clinically indicated. Blood sample will be taken prior to dosing on PK 
days.   
12.  HbF will be measured at screening, weeks 4, 12, at any in-clinic visit between 20-36, and at completion (final visit/week 60 
or upon early WD). Blood sample will be taken prior to dosing on PK days.   
13. Clinical chemistry tests will be performed  at screening, weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, and then monthly thereafter (weeks 12-56) and at 
completion (final visit/week 60 or early WD [if possible]) samples will be taken for clinical chemistry (Serum separator tubes]): 
total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, LDH, 
vitamin D, urea and creatinine.  However, the investigator may perform tests as clinically indicated. Blood sample will be taken 
prior to dosing on PK days.  
14. Cystatin C will be measured at Day 1, PK2 (any in-clinic visit between weeks 20-36) and at final vist/week 60 (ort early WD 
[if possible]). Blood sample for Cystatin C will be taken prior to dosing on PK days. 
15. Urinalysis will be performed at screening, PK2 (any IC visit between weeks 20-36) and final visit/week 60 (or early WD [if 
possible]) samples will be taken for urinalysis (dipstick): protein, bilirubin, blood, and urobilinogen. Spot urine for urinary ACR 
ratio will also be done at the same timepoints (in-clinic). Urine sample will be taken prior to dosing on PK days. The investigator 
may perform tests as clinically indicated, particularly if dose escalation is indicated. 
16. Urine pregnancy test to be performed  no more than 7 days before the first administration of hydroxyurea in all 
post-menarcheal females. + Sample can be done at screening visit, or at PK1 if this is > 7days after initial screening sample.  
17. A full PK profile. The pre-dose sample is mandatory in all patients. In patients < 2 years old, up to 2 post-dose samples will 
be taken (3 samples in total), and in patients ≥ 2 years old,  3-5 additional samples will be taken (4-6 samples in total including 
the pre-dose sample). Conducted during an in-clinic visit. 
For PK2, this only needs to be performed once at an in-clinic visit between weeks 20-36. 
Further single samples will be obtained at regular in-clinic visits (weeks 2-20 and 28-60/final visit) where feasible. Where a 
single PK sample is taken at the interim in-clinic visit, the time of the previous hydroxyurea dose must be noted. 
18. Palatability and acceptability assessment will be made once at an in-clinic visit from week 8 (or early WD [if possible] and 
not completed previously). This will be done using a face-to-face survey. 


 
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19. Dose escalation review: See Section 1.3.3 Dosage and Dose Escalation. 
20. The final study visit is to be conducted 6 months after achieving MTD or up to a maximal 15 months from treatment initiation 
(if MTD not achieved) whichever is sooner, this may therefore occur from 12-15 months from IMP initiation. Final visits require 
an in-clinic visit and cannot be conducted via telephone. 
*Additional unscheduled laboratory tests (blood samples for clinical chemistry, full blood count and urinalysis) may be 
carried out at the discretion of the investigator in line with standard of care or for safety purposes at any point in the 
patients care pathway or visit schedule. 
 
 


 
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3.3. 
Study Endpoints 
3.3.1. 
Primary 
PK parameters: 
• 
Clearance (CL/F) 
• 
Volume of distribution (V/F) 
• 
Time to maximum concentration (Tmax) 
• 
Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) 
• 
Area under plasma concentration time curve (AUC) 
• 
Half-life (t½) 
 
Primary efficacy endpoints will be considered the critical data for scientific integrity of the study. 
3.3.2. 
Secondary 
Safety:  
• 
Incidence of AEs 
• 
ANC 
• 
WBC count and differentials 
• 
Platelets 
• 
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 
• 
Hematocrit 
• 
Elevation in liver function tests (LFTs) 
• 
Hb/anemia 
• 
Bilirubin 
• 
Additional safety laboratory parameters (hematology/biochemistry) 
• 
Bacterial infections 
• 
Viral infections 
• 
Fungal infections 
• 
Leg ulcers 
 
Biomarkers:  
• 
HbF 
• 
MCV 
• 
Cystatin C 
 
Clinical Status:  
• 
Incidence of acute pain crises*  
• 
Number and frequency of blood transfusions  
• 
Incidence of ACS 
• 
Hospitalizations 
• 
Dose escalation i.e. time to MTD 
• 
Clinical parameters (symptoms)  
• 
Parent/caregiver acceptability/usability by questionnaire 
• 
Palatability and acceptability: evaluate the taste acceptability of the new oral liquid 
formulation of hydroxyurea 
 
* Defined as an acute episode of pain with no known cause for pain other than a 
vaso-occlusive event; requiring a visit to a medical facility; and requiring treatment with a 
narcotic (including opiates) and/or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); but is 
NOT classified as an ACS, hepatic sequestration, splenic sequestration, or priapism. 


 
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3.3.3. 
Other – Exploratory 
• 
Transcranial doppler (TCD) velocity  
• 
Urine parameters (albumin and creatinine for albumin-to-creatinine ratio) 


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4.
INVESTIGATIONAL MEDICINAL PRODUCT
The term ‘Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP)’ will refer to the oral hydroxyurea 100 mg/mL 
solution administered to the patient as part of the study. 
4.1. 
Description of Investigational Medicinal Product 
Drug Substance 
Hydroxyurea 
Manufacturer of Drug 
Product 
The test drug product will be manufactured and batch released 
by: 
Nova Laboratories Limited, Martin House, Gloucester Crescent, 
Wigston, Leicester, LE18 4YL, UK 
Test Drug Product 
Oral hydroxyurea 100 mg/mL solution 
Daily dose 
Starting dose will be 15 mg/kg/day 
Frequency 
Once daily 
Packaging, Test Drug 
Product 
150 mL Amber type III glass bottle with tamper evident 
child-resistant closure. 
Storage in a refrigerator (2 to 8oC) 
The IMP will be prepared and dosing on the PK days will be by the site staff according to 
instructions provided by the Sponsor. Remaining doses will be given to the patient by their 
parents/guardians according to instructions provided to them by the site staff, with written 
instructions also provided. Parents will be trained according to these instructions and local 
hospital standard procedures. 
Hydroxyurea will be prescribed by the investigator or delegated qualified medical personnel, per 
local regulations. 
4.2. 
Hydroxyurea Dosing 
The appropriate dose will be delivered to each patient according to their weight, to deliver 
approximately 15 mg/kg/day hydroxyurea as a starting dose.   
Each patient enrolled in the study will receive hydroxyurea in accordance with the dosing 
requirements. 
Initial doses will be administered and checked by trained medical/nursing staff and recorded 
accurately in medical records and on the electronic data capture (EDC) database provided by the 
Sponsor. Remaining doses will be recorded by the parents/guardians in the diary card.  
The Sponsor’s monitors will check the accuracy of the pharmacy and site for receipt of IMP, 
confirmation of receipt, pharmacy storage of the IMP packages, distribution records to the clinic 
and records of return to pharmacy and destruction of IMP. Any anomalies will be queried and 
clearly documented. All records will be maintained in the pharmacy files with anonymized copies 
retained for the Sponsor trial master file (TMF). 
4.3. 
Packaging and Labelling 
The Sponsor will provide sufficient quantities of IMP in accordance with Good Manufacturing 
Practice. The clinical study supplies will be properly packaged and labeled in accordance with 
applicable local regulatory requirements. 


 
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4.4. 
Supplies and Shipping  
The Sponsor will provide enough IMP to sites at the start of the study for initial patient recruitment 
and follow-up, in accordance with sites local storage availability. IMP will be delivered directly by 
the Sponsor to site pharmacies for accountability and storage. Sites will request additional 
supplies through use of a Supplier Request Form submitted directly to the Sponsor. Patients will 
be dispensed IMP as per the sites local Pharmacy Manual for the study (this may be at every 
visit, or after several).  
4.5. 
IMP Deliveries to Patient’s Home Address 
It is expected that most IMP can be provided to the patient’s carer at regular site visits. However, 
as there is the possibility that a patient may have up to a 12 week period between in-clinic 
dispensing visits, or may be unable to attend the clinic (e.g. due to local or national restrictions or 
policies) , sites may dispense additional IMP to patients sufficient to last this 12 week period (as 
applicable), and to increase their local stock supply from Sponsor.  
In order to reduce the need for patients to travel in for IMP dispensing outside of their scheduled 
safety/PK in-clinic visits, some sites may also have the capacity to utilize a home IMP delivery 
service which has been set up with a courier by the Sponsor to make refrigerated deliveries (2-
8°C) to patients’ home addresses (where applicable). A risk assessment for this home delivery of 
IMP has been carried out and the following practices will be implemented: 
• 
Verbal consent to be given by the site and documented in the patient’s medical file prior 
to sending any IMP to the patient’s home address. An additional consent form explicitly 
describing the IMP delivery will be completed which informs the patient and/or their carers 
of this and asks for consent for home delivery. 
• 
Shipments are arranged directly by the local site to ensure that patient confidentiality and 
safety is maintained (the Sponsor will not receive patient contact details).  
• 
Shipments will be couriered directly to patients’ home/specified recipient in refrigerated 
2-8°C validated boxes. 
• 
Couriers will observe any social distancing guidelines as stipulated by the courier 
company and in accordance with local/National guidelines to reduce the risk to both 
patient and courier employee. 
• 
Delivery receipt will be in the form of a name given verbally or photographic evidence, or 
other such non-direct contact method as established by the courier company guidelines. 
• 
Site staff will call the patient’s carer to confirm that the IMP was delivered satisfactorily, 
and the correct amount was delivered, with no sign of damage. This call will be 
documented in the patient’s medical file. 
• 
Patients’ dosing is based on their most current weight taken at last visit, as such changes 
in dosing will only be applied after safety bloods and in-clinic visits have been carried out. 
• 
Patient’s compliance and accountability will be reviewed in bottle returns and safety bloods 
at next in-clinic visit. 
4.5.1. 
Risk Assessment of Sites Sending IMP to Patient’s Home Address 
The following risks have been identified with the amendment to the IMP supplies and shipments 
in response to the COVID-19 pandemic period, which have been mitigated by the following 
described processes above in Section 4.5 IMP Deliveries to Patient’s Home Address and below: 
Patient may run out of IMP prior to their next on-site clinic dispensing visit: 
• 
The protocol has been amended to allow the sites to send IMP directly to 
patients/caregivers home address.  


 
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• 
Sites will increase the amount of IMP dispensed at on-site visits, sufficient to keep the 
patient supplied through an extended visit period of up to 12 weeks if required. 
Patient/Caregiver may not wish to receive IMP directly: 
• 
To mitigate this, we have created a specific additional patient information leaflet and 
consent form which states that they have agreed to receive IMP in this way, this has been 
made optional. 
• 
If patients/caregivers have not consented to this section of the consent form and have 
opted out, they will not receive IMP in this way. 
Patient contact details may not be up to date at hospital site: 
• 
Patients/caregivers will be contacted by telephone by sites prior to arrangement of any 
shipments to confirm their postal address and arrange a shipping time/date. 
Ensuring the confidentiality of patient contact details: 
• 
Patients’ identifiable data will remain with the local site team. The courier will be given a 
contact address and name for delivery purposes only, they will not pass this information 
to the Sponsor. 
• 
The Sponsor has created a specific shipping account with the courier company that 
removes any ‘recipient’ information from the invoices.  
• 
All shipment arrangements will be made directly with the local site and not include the 
Sponsor. 
• 
Patients/caregivers have been made aware that their identifiable information will be 
provided to the courier company for purposes of IMP delivery only and will consent to this 
process.  
Stability of the IMP in transit and managing delays: 
• 
IMP is delivered same or next day by a courier specialising in delivering medicines and 
ensuring the product stays within 2-8°C. 
• 
The courier service will use tracking information which can be followed up directly by the 
study team and they will be made aware of any failed attempts or delays. 
• 
IMP is shipped in validated boxes (2-8°C), these do not contain temperature monitoring 
but are validated for up to 4 days under normal room temperature conditions. 
Confirmation that patient received the IMP in satisfactory condition: 
• 
Patients/caregivers will be asked to contact the study team when IMP has arrived to 
confirm. If they fail to do this within 24 hours, the site will follow this up with a telephone 
call.. 
• 
If the delivery is not received in satisfactory condition, the patients/caregivers will have 
been advised on how to handle breakages during their initial induction into the study; 
however, they will be reminded of this when informing the site. 
• 
Any breakages or failed deliveries will be followed up by the study team and a new delivery 
arranged. 
• 
Courier will record the delivery time, address, and the name of the person for their records. 
This can be supplied to the local study team for confirmation. 
4.6. 
Preparation, Handling, and Storage 
The IMP received by Pharmacy from the Sponsor will be accounted for in a drug inventory and 
stored in a locked area in the pharmacy or in the clinic until used in the study. Storage information 


 
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and batch characteristics will be supplied at the time of delivery. At the end of the study the site 
will be contacted about the handling procedures for unused IMP. Once IMP accountability is 
confirmed by the Sponsor, I IMP will be returned to the Sponsor or destroyed at site according to 
local procedures; this will be appropriately documented. 
4.7. 
Investigational Medicinal Product Accountability 
The principal investigator at each site is responsible for ensuring the IMP accountability, including 
reconciliation of the IMP and maintenance of IMP records. 
• 
Upon receipt of the IMP the principal investigator (or delegated pharmacist) will check for 
accurate delivery and acknowledge receipt by signing (or initialing) and dating the 
documentation provided by the supplier and faxing/scanning a copy back to the supplier.  
The original will be retained in the investigator/pharmacy file. 
• 
The dispensing of the IMP will be carefully recorded on the appropriate drug accountability 
forms provided by the Sponsor. An accurate account will be made available for verification 
by the Sponsor monitor at each monitoring visit. 
• 
IMP accountability records will include: 
o Release of the IMP by the supplier’s Qualified Person. 
o Confirmation of IMP delivery to the study site. 
o The inventory at the site of IMP provided by the supplier. 
o Details of pharmacy dispensing.   
o Administration of IMP to patients (in clinic, and on diary cards).   
o Destruction of excess IMP. All unused IMP will be destroyed by pharmacy personnel 
according to normal hospital policy. Destruction will be clearly recorded, 
documented, and checked by the Sponsor’s monitors.  
o Return to the supplier or alternative disposition of unused IMP. 
 
• 
The principal investigator should maintain records that adequately document that: 
o Patients were treated with the dose specified in the protocol. 
o Preparation/administration and return/destruction of IMP was properly conducted. 
 
Unused IMP must not be discarded without prior permission from the Sponsor or used for any 
purpose other than the present study. IMP that has been dispensed must be accurately recorded 
for each patient.  
The Sponsor monitor will periodically collect the IMP accountability forms and check all IMP data 
(both used and unused) prior to arranging for the return of unused IMP to the supplier or 
authorizing their destruction by the study site or, if required, return to the Sponsor. 
 
 
 


 
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5. 
STUDY PROCEDURES 
5.1. 
Blood Sampling for Pharmacokinetic Analyses 
On their PK day (PK1 – Day 1 and PK2 – ~6 months  [once between weeks 20-36]) patients will 
be asked to come to the clinic early, in order that the site study team can implement a fast, prior 
to dosing in-clinic (no food for 1 hour and no water for 30 minutes before dosing). Patients should 
also be reminded not to take a dose at home the same day as attending the PK visit. A peripheral 
venous catheter will be used for blood sampling.  The patient will have a baseline blood sample 
(1 mL) taken before they receive hydroxyurea.  Patients will receive their dose according to the 
liquid dosing instructions, which will include a 2-hour fast after dosing, on PK days only. Dosing 
instructions for liquid hydroxyurea will be provided to site and detailed within the Pharmacy 
Manual. 
 
All patients are required to provide a pre-dose blood sample. For patients > 2 years old, up to 
5 additional blood samples (1 mL per sample) will be taken post-dose at the time-points specified 
in Table 2 Blood Sampling Schedule below. For patients < 2 years of age, up to 2 additional 
samples will be taken at an appropriate sample time. Sampling times in the patients < 2 years of 
age may be discussed with the Sponsor prior to the study PK sampling days, to ensure an even 
spread of sampling times in this younger population of patients. 
Table 2 Blood Sampling Schedule 
Time point (h) 
Requirements 
*Pre-dose 
*The pre-dose sample is mandatory in all patients. In patients < 2 years old 
up to 2 post-dose samples will be taken (3 samples in total), and in 
patients ≥ 2 years old, 3-5 additional samples will be taken (4-6 samples in 
total including the pre-dose sample).  
Samples will be selected over 0.25 to 6 hours.  
 
**Sample “as able” applies to clinic visits over the duration of treatment (up 
to week 60).  Where feasible, patients will be asked to provide a single PK 
sample when they return for review at the clinic. This sample should only 
be taken if the time and dose of the previous dose of hydroxyurea is 
known, and it must be noted. 
 
Sampling time points may be amended; however, target total blood volume 
and target number of samples will remain unchanged. 
0.25 
0.5 
1 
1.5 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
**As able at 
clinic visits if 
feasible 
 
Sample handling will be according to a separate Laboratory Sample Handling Manual that will be 
dated and version controlled and provided to the study site. 
All staff involved in the collection of the blood samples will be trained to ensure appropriate 
collection, processingn and storage of the PK samples. 
Samples should be sent to the sample-processing laboratory following completion of PK 
sampling. Expenses will be paid by the Sponsor to cover all sample transport costs (see 
Laboratory Sample Handling Manual and laboratory kit/sending instructions). 
5.2. 
Study Follow-up 
Patients will cease taking IMP at their final visit (week 60/early withdrawal visit), which will be 
performed in-clinic. After this visit all patients will be followed up ~4 weeks later by telephone, 
whether or not the patient continues to receive licensed hydroxyurea treatment outside the study 
protocol. Follow-up will also be made (where possible) for patients who prematurely withdraw 


 
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from the study. This will be in the form of a telephone call (or in-clinic for patients who may be 
attending for routine review) to check for AEs experienced in the 4 weeks following treatment 
cessation. 
5.3. 
Demography 
The following demographic characteristics will be recorded during screening in the medical notes 
and on the study database: sex, race, and age.  
5.4. 
Anthropometric Data 
Patient’s length (for patients < 2 years)/height (for patients ≥ 2 years) (cm) and weight (kg) will be 
checked at the time points specified in Table 1 Schedule of Study Assessments. These will be 
used to calculate the correct dosage and potential dose escalations to MTD, according to the 
protocol (See section 1.3.3 Dosage and Dose Escalation). 
5.5. 
Medical History  
SCA history and treatment will be recorded to confirm eligibility at the time points specified in 
Table 1 Schedule of Study Assessments. Additional relevant medical history during the 12 months 
prior to the study will be recorded. This will include all current conditions by diagnosis (where 
possible) and any concomitant medication. Other acute complications in the last 12 months will 
be recorded, including any episodes of: stroke, dactylitis, ACS, aplastic crisis, febrile episode 
requiring admission, osteomyelitis, splenic sequestration, hepatic sequestration, and priapism. 
The number of hospital admissions and number of admissions for pain crises in the last 12 months 
will be recorded, including the number of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions and 
attendance to the emergency facility. Any surgical history in the last 12 months will also be 
recorded.  
5.6. 
Medication at Study Start 
Medication received for treatment of SCA in the last 6 months will be recorded either in medical 
history or in current medication (depending on whether it is still on-going) including: penicillin, folic 
acid, and other medications (if any), with assessment of compliance (if applicable). Any 
vaccinations provided will be recorded including: Pneumovax, Hepatitis B, annual influenza 
vaccination, protein conjugated vaccines for pneumococcus, and measles. All other concomitant 
medication to be recorded will be limited to ongoing medication at the time of screening. Any 
changes in concomitant medication between the screening visit and first PK visit (PK1) will be 
recorded.  
5.7. 
SCA Symptom Review 
Symptoms that could be attributed to SCA will be reviewed at baseline and at the time points 
specified in Table 1 Schedule of Study Assessments. Clinically significant will be recorded as an 
AE. Symptoms to be reviewed include: painful crises*, enuresis, snoring, daytime somnolence, 
chronic pain, shortness of breath on exertion, and stuttering priapism. Any other symptoms of 
clinical significance will be recorded by the investigator. Any episodes of hospitalization, 
transfusion, or ACS will be recorded in the EDC database. Any unexpected deterioration or 
unexpected worsening of symptoms of sufficient importance such that they should be recorded in 
the patient’s medical records/nursing notes will be recorded as AEs (See Section 9 PROCEDURE 
FOR RECORDING AND REPORTING ADVERSE EVENTS).  
 


 
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* defined as an acute episode of pain with no known cause for pain other than a vaso-occlusive event; requiring a visit 
to a medical facility; and requiring treatment with a narcotic (including opiates), or NSAIDs; but is NOT classified as an 
ACS, hepatic sequestration, splenic sequestration, or priapism. 
5.8. 
Leg Ulcer Review 
Any incidence of leg ulcers will be recorded (i.e. present or absence) at the time points specified 
in Table 1 Schedule of Study Assessments. 
5.9. 
Physical Examination  
A qualified medical practitioner will carry out a general physical examination at the time points 
specified in Table 1 Schedule of Study Assessments. Examinations can be made at other visits if 
clinically indicated; where this is undertaken the results will be recorded in the EDC. A general 
physical examination will include the following: ear/nose/throat (tonsils), dermatological, 
cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, lymph nodes, musculoskeletal, hepatomegaly, and 
splenomegaly (at screening, PK2, final visit/week 60 and early withdrawal [unless otherwise 
indicated]), for ophthalmological and central nervous system (at screening, final visit/week 60 and 
early withdrawal [unless otherwise indicated]). Other evaluations may be performed as deemed 
necessary by the investigator. This will be commented upon in the clinical study report, if 
applicable. Physical examinations will be performed at baseline prior to treatment, to ensure no 
concurrent conditions exist that may exclude the patient from the study. 
5.10. 
Transcranial Doppler 
TCD assessment will be made at screening (however, results can be used from a TCD which has 
been performed within 3 months of screening) and once in-clinic between week 48-56. If TCD is 
undertaken at other visits (as part of routine standard of care for example), results will be reported 
in the EDC database as appropriate. 
5.11. 
Vital Signs 
Supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse and body temperature (in older patients this 
will be measured after 5 minutes rest in supine position) will be measured at the time points 
specified in Table 1 Schedule of Study Assessments. Investigators may repeat measurements as 
clinically indicated. Following dosing, vital signs will be monitored according to routine standard 
of care. Any unexpected measurements will be recorded as AEs and reported in the normal way. 
5.12. 
Laboratory Assessments 
Measurement of the hematological indices will be carried out in line with standard care.  Additional 
unscheduled laboratory tests may be carried out at the discretion of the investigator in line with 
standard of care. Laboratory assessments required by the protocol will be carried out as specified 
in Table 1 Schedule of Study Assessments. 
5.12.1. 
Full Blood Count 
A full blood count will be performed at the timepoints specified in Table 1 Schedule of Study 
Assessments and will include: Hb, red blood cell count, platelets, ANC, ARC, WBC count and 
differentials, hematocrit, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, MCH, and MCV.  HbF 
will also be measured at the timepoints specified in Table 1 Schedule of Study Assessments. If a 
Hb electrophoresis result is not already available and it is required to confirm SCD diagnosis, it is 
to be arranged locally as part of the patient’s standard of care. 


 
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5.12.2. 
Clinical Chemistry 
Clinical chemistry will be performed at the timepoints specified in Table 1 Schedule of Study 
Assessments. Samples taken for clinical chemistry (using serum separator tubes) will be analyzed 
for: 
total 
bilirubin, 
alkaline 
phosphatase, 
gamma 
glutamyl 
transferase, 
aspartate 
aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), LDH, vitamin D, urea, creatinine, and 
cystatin C.  
5.12.3. 
Urinalysis 
Urinalysis will be performed at the timepoints specified in Table 1 Schedule of Study Assessments 
using a dipstick, and will be assessed for: protein, bilirubin, blood, urobilinogen. A urine sample 
for albumin and creatinine to determine the ACR ratio will also be taken at the same timepoints. 
5.13. 
Pregnancy Prevention 
Female patients that are of child-bearing age (and not truly sexually abstinent) receiving 
hydroxyurea should be advised to not become pregnant, and to inform the treating physician 
immediately should this occur. 
An effective method of contraception is strongly recommended in women of child-bearing 
potential. 
To prevent pregnancy female patients of child-bearing potential and male patients and their 
female partner must use 2 highly effective forms of contraception, i.e.:  
• 
Condom + established use of combined hormonal contraception associated with inhibition 
of ovulation:  
o Oral 
o Intravaginal 
o Transdermal 
• 
Condom + established use of progestogen-only hormonal contraception associated with 
inhibition of ovulation: 
o Oral 
o Injectable 
o Implantable 
• 
Condom + intrauterine device. 
• 
Condom + intrauterine hormone-releasing system. 
• 
Vasectomized partner, provided that the partner is the sole sexual partner of the female 
study patient. 
• 
True abstinence, only if defined as refraining from heterosexual intercourse during the 
entire period of risk associated with the IMP. The reliability of sexual abstinence needs to 
be evaluated in relation to the duration of the clinical study and the preferred and usual 
lifestyle of the patient. (Periodic abstinence [e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, 
post-ovulation methods] and withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception). 
 
To prevent exposure of any partner (male or female) during non-vaginal intercourse to the semen 
from a male patient who has been exposed to the IMP, the following contraception must be used: 
• 
Condom.  
 


 
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The chosen contraception method(s) must be followed from the first dose until at least 6 months 
after the last dose of IMP. 
Male patients must not have unprotected sexual intercourse with a female who is pregnant or 
breastfeeding during the study and for 6 months after their final dose of IMP. 
Patients on hydroxyurea wishing to conceive should stop treatment 6 months before pregnancy 
if possible. The evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio should be made on an individual basis 
outweighing the respective risk of hydroxyurea therapy against the switch to a blood transfusion 
programme.  
A urine pregnancy test will be performed no more than 7 days before the first administration of 
hydroxyurea in all post-menarcheal females (if the PK1 visit is delayed > 7 days from screening 
pregnancy test, a urine pregnancy test should be repeated at the PK1 visit). 
5.14. 
Palatability and Acceptability Assessments 
When patients (together with their parents/caregivers) return to the clinic at any point after 
8 weeks since starting IMP, they will be surveyed once using a standard questionnaire for their 
views of the palatability and acceptability of the hydroxyurea. In the case of patients < 6 years of 
age, the researcher will survey the view of one or both parents. For patients ≥ 6 years of age, the 
researcher will seek the views of one or both parents/caregivers and the patient.  
The questionnaire will probe the taste and general acceptability (willingness to continue with 
treatment, ease of dose administration, etc.). After 6 patients from each age group have 
completed the survey, the use of the questionnaire will be reviewed, by both the investigator and 
the Sponsor to ensure that it is working satisfactorily. If the questionnaire needs to be adjusted 
(in terms of its administration or the ability/age groups of the patients), then this will be done. 
Minor amendments only will be made. All minor edits will be documented, and a copy of the 
amended questionnaire will be provided to the Independent Ethics Committee (IEC). If significant 
adjustment is required, IEC approval will be sought before administering the amended 
questionnaire. Data on the following will be collected using a visual (hedonic) analogue scale and 
verbal responses: 
• 
Taste on first administration. 
• 
Residual after taste. 
• 
Smell. 
• 
Any incidences of spitting medicine out or vomiting. 
• 
Willingness to take hydroxyurea on a daily basis. 
• 
Ease of dose administration using syringes. 
• 
Preference if choosing type of hydroxyurea medicine (i.e. tablet/capsule/liquid) and 
reason. 
 
The survey will be conducted by a trained research nurse. The survey will be face to face (in-clinic) 
with the patient and/or caregiver  and will take no longer than 5 minutes. If the patient withdraws 
prior to week 8, then the questionnaire should be completed at the early withdrawal visit. 
5.15. 
Tolerability Assessments 
All AEs will be collected and recorded during the study and for the 4 week follow-up period. 
Patients and parents/caregivers will be provided with a study diary card and will be asked to 
record AEs. All AEs will be captured in the EDC database. 


 
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5.16. 
Data to be Recorded in the EDC Database 
The following data will be recorded on the patient’s case report form (CRF) in the EDC database: 
• 
Unique patient identifier, to identify site and patient number in study. 
• 
Date of informed consent (and receipt of assent if applicable). 
• 
Demographic data: age, gender, and race. 
• 
Genotype (HbSS and HbSβ0 information). 
• 
Weight and height/length. 
• 
Vital signs: blood pressure, temperature, heart rate (supine pulse rate), and respiratory 
rate. 
• 
Physical examination. 
• 
Pregnancy test results (if applicable). 
• 
Safety laboratory results.  
• 
Relevant non-SCA medical history: relevant past medical history in the 4 weeks prior to 
the study, known allergies and relevant longstanding conditions that are ongoing. 
• 
SCA history and treatment to include concomitant medication for SCA (i.e. confirmation 
of eligibility). SCA medical history including other clinically (in the opinion of the 
investigator) relevant co-morbidities or diagnoses. Other acute complications in last 
12 months including: pain crises, stroke, dactylitis, ACS, aplastic crisis, febrile episode 
requiring admission, osteomyelitis, splenic sequestration, hepatic sequestration, and 
priapism. Number of hospital admissions in last 12 months and number of admissions 
for pain crises and number of admissions to PICU and number of admissions to the 
emergency facility in the past 12 months. Any surgical history in the last 12 months.  
• 
Concurrent medication: any non-SCA medication ongoing at time of screening. SCA 
medication in the last 6 months including: penicillin, folic acid, other medication (if any) 
with assessment of compliance (if applicable). Any vaccinations provided: Pneumovax, 
Hepatitis B, annual influenza vaccination. 
• 
Inclusion/exclusion criteria. 
• 
Concomitant medications taken during participation in the study. 
• 
Dose of hydroxyurea (start date, any dose changes and stopping dates).  
• 
Confirmation of treatment and batch numbers. 
• 
Time of treatment (PK days). Where a single PK sample is taken at an interim visit, the 
time of the previous dose must be recorded. 
• 
Precise time of blood sampling. 
• 
Palatability and acceptability.  
• 
AEs – all events occurring during the timeframe of the study and for a period of 4 weeks 
afterwards (on the study diary card). 
• 
Serious adverse events (SAEs) – all events regarded as serious during course of study 
and until resolution. 
• 
Study withdrawal information, if applicable. 
• 
Date and time of study discharge (i.e. when the patient completes the 4 week follow-up). 
 
 


 
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6. 
STUDY ENROLLMENT, WITHDRAWAL AND DISCONTINUATION 
 
Up to 35 patients, both male and female, aged 6 months to 17.99 years (i.e. to the day before 18th 
birthday) of age will be enrolled into the study depending on the number of PK blood samples that 
are obtained from each patient.   
To ensure the cohort is appropriately represented by age recruitment will continue until the 
required number is achieved in each of the following stratifications: 
Age 6 months to 1.99 years: a minimum of 6 patients (i.e. to the day before 2nd birthday) 
Age 2 years to 5.99 years: a minimum of 6 patients (i.e. to the day before 6th birthday) 
6.1. 
Inclusion Criteria 
To be eligible for inclusion into this study the patients must fulfil all of the following criteria: 
1. Male or female aged from 6 months to 17.99 years of age (i.e. to the day before 18th 
birthday). 
2. Diagnosis of SCA (HbSS and HbS𝛽𝛽0). 
3. Parent(s)/legal guardian able and willing to provide written informed consent for the child 
to take part in the study.  
4. Where applicable, the child should assent to undergo blood sampling for PK and 
biochemistry purposes, and to allow physiological measurements to be made. 
6.2. 
Exclusion Criteria 
To be eligible for inclusion in this study the patients must not meet any of the following criteria: 
1. Any clinically significant medical condition or abnormality, which, in the opinion of the 
investigator, might compromise the safety of the patient or which might interfere with the 
study. 
2. Hydroxyurea use within 6 months before enrolment. 
3. Renal insufficiency (known creatinine more than twice the upper limit of normal (ULN) for 
age and > 1.0 mg/dL [88.4 micromol/L]). 
4. Clinical evidence of hepatic compromise with ALT more than 3 times the ULN (a temporary 
swing in ALT will not result in exclusion). 
5. Other significant organ system dysfunction based on the site investigators discretion. 
6. Severe active infections: fungal, viral, or bacterial (as confirmed by culture). Examples 
include tuberculosis, malaria, active hepatitis, osteomyelitis, or any other illness that would 
preclude the use of hydroxyurea in normal clinical practice. 
7. Active chronic leg ulcers. 
8. Known allergy to oral hydroxyurea solution or any of the excipients. 
9. Positive pregnancy test for females of child-bearing potential (in post-menarcheal females) 
before initiation of treatment, unless patient is sexually abstinent. Note: true abstinence is 
considered as being in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the patient. Periodic 
abstinence (such as calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, post-ovulation methods) and 
withdrawal are not acceptable methods of contraception. 
10. Inadequate contraception measures in sexually active females (in post-menarcheal 
females) and males of child-bearing age (see Section 5.13 Pregnancy Prevention). 
11. Currently breastfeeding. 
12. Participating in another clinical study of an IMP. 
13. Known infection with HIV. 
 


 
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6.3. 
Withdrawal Criteria 
Parent(s)/legal guardian and patients may withdraw from the study at any time without their care 
being affected. Withdrawal may be:   
1. On request of the patient/parent/legal guardian, for any reason. 
2. At the discretion of the investigator. 
6.4. 
Early Discontinuation of an Individual Patient 
Patients and their parent(s)/legal guardian will be informed that they have the right to withdraw 
from the study at any time without prejudice to their medical care, and that they are not obliged to 
state their reasons. In addition, the investigator may remove a patient from the study if, in the 
investigator’s opinion, it is not in the best interest of the patient to continue in the study. 
Any withdrawal from the study must be fully documented in the CRF and source documents and 
further blood sampling will cease as part of the study.   
The date of discontinuation from the study and reason for discontinuation will be recorded on the 
CRF and in the patient’s medical records. 
Patients may be discontinued from the study for the following reasons: 
• 
Withdrawal of consent (by patient or parent/legal guardian). 
• 
AE. 
• 
Deviation from protocol. 
• 
Other (to be specified on the CRF by the investigator if possible). 
 
The data recorded until the time of withdrawal will be used as part of the clinical study unless the 
parent(s)/legal guardian or patient requests that it is not used. 
6.5. 
Early Discontinuation of the Study 
If, in the opinion of the investigator, the clinical observations in the study suggest that it might not 
be justifiable to continue, she/he may terminate the study following consultation with the Sponsor.  
Alternatively, the Sponsor may give written notification to the investigator, regulatory authorities, 
and IECs of the early discontinuation of the study, including reasons. 
In case of early discontinuation of the study, safety assessments should be performed for each 
patient, as far as possible.  
6.6. 
Patient and Study Completion 
Patients will be considered to have completed the study when the patient has completed the 
safety follow-up visit, which is scheduled 4 weeks after the final study visit (month 12-15 or 
6 months at MTD, whichever is sooner, or at early withdrawal). Patients who consent for the study 
but who do not, for whatever reason, receive IMP, will be considered screen failures, and their 
data will be recorded on a screening failure list.  Patients who receive at least 1 dose of 
hydroxyurea and provide at least 1 PK blood sample will be included in the PK analyses. All 
patients who receive IMP will be considered for the safety analyses.     
The study will be considered complete 4 weeks after the last patient has completed their safety 
follow-up visit. 
 
 


 
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7. 
TREATMENT OF PATIENTS 
7.1. 
Dose Initiation and Escalation 
Consent to take part in the study will be obtained prior to initiation of hydroxyurea.   
 
• 
Starting dosage for all patients: 15 mg/kg/day 
 
If dose escalation is warranted based on clinical and laboratory findings, proceed as 
follows: 
• 
Increase by 5 mg/kg/day increments every 8-12 weeks (at in-clinic visits) up to a 
maximum of 35 mg/kg/day. 
 
Doses will be calculated based on most current bodyweight (measured at each clinic visit). Doses 
will be rounded to the nearest 10 mg. Dose will be calculated using a dosing calculator or by 
formula. 
Patients will be reminded (per standard practice) that the effectiveness of hydroxyurea depends 
on their adherence to daily dosing; they should be counselled not to double up doses if a dose is 
missed. Hydroxyurea therapy will be continued during hospitalizations or illness unless there is 
hematological toxicity. 
For full details of dose escalation (see Section 1.3.3 Dosage and Dose Escalation). 
Dose escalations should be  carried out only after an on-site patient visit (in-clinic) in which safety 
bloods have been obtained, but advice on dose changes may be given to patients/caregivers by 
telephone. 
Due to the possible extended period between clinic visits of up to 12 weeks (maximal), any 
indication of a trend towards toxicity identified by the investigator should be treated at the 
discretion of the investigator to ensure patient safety. Investigator discretion may be used to treat 
trends towards toxicity proactively, as though they have reached a threshold of toxicity prior to 
confirmation with dose reductions (at 2.5-5.0 mg/kg/day) or temporary halts, as applicable. These 
actions should be reported to the Sponsor and documented in the patients medical notes and 
EDC and would not be considered deviations. 
7.2. 
Permitted Medications 
Concomitant medication is defined as any medication (including vitamins and minerals), other 
than the IMP, which is taken during the study including prescription and over-the-counter 
medicines. 
The generic names of medications should be used where possible. 
Concomitant medication will be recorded in the EDC with indication, dose information, and dates 
of administration. Any new medications taken or any changes to the form, frequency or dose of 
existing medication occurring during the study will also be recorded. 
7.3. 
Monitoring Compliance 
Medication will be prescribed and then dispensed by the pharmacist. On the full PK profile days 
(Day 1 [PK1] and  at ~6 months [PK2]), the morning doses of IMPwill be administered in-clinic. 
Patients will be reminded by site staff not to take a dose at home the same day as they are due 
to attend for a PK visit. All additional doses of IMP will be recorded fully on the patient’s diary card 
and in the EDC database during dose escalation. In addition, the investigator will ask the patient 
and parents how many doses were accidently missed per week/month. Prescription, dispensing, 
and accountability of hydroxyurea will be accurately recorded in the drug accountability log 


 
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provided in the EDC database by the Sponsor. The study monitor will verify that the data have 
been accurately recorded and transferred. 
7.4. 
Exit Points 
The normal exit point from this study will be when the patient completes the 12-15-month 
treatment (i.e. titration to MTD and 6-month follow-up at MTD or a maximum 15 months of 
treatment with IMP, whichever is sooner); all AEs will be followed up to follow-up safety call at 
week 64. 
All patients who have at least 1 blood sample taken for the PK study will be included in the 
population PK analysis. If the parent(s)/legal guardian or patient refuses further blood sampling, 
the patient may be observed over the remainder of their treatment course (safety and secondary 
objectives will be reviewed according to protocol). 
7.5. 
Expected Duration of Patient Participation 
Patients will be in the study over a 12-15-month period. The duration of participation will be 
dependent upon the time taken to titrate the patient to the MTD. Once at MTD, the patient will 
be followed for a period of 6 months. The maximum period of participation is the maximum 
period the patient can take the IMP, which is 15 months. 
 
 


 
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8. 
ASSESSMENT OF SAFETY 
Assessments of safety will be performed throughout the study and for the safety follow-up, which 
is 4 weeks after study completion. Post-dose AEs are recorded in the diary card or are 
spontaneously reported by the patient to hospital staff, and should be recorded in the EDC 
database. 
The ongoing safety of the IMP will be assessed through the recording, reporting, and clinical 
assessment of baseline medical conditions and AEs, which are recorded until discharged from 
the study (and for the 4-week safety follow-up period).  Study site personnel will report any AE, 
whether observed by the research staff or reported by the patient after IMP is initiated (following 
PK1 visit).  
8.1. 
Definition of Adverse Events 
An AE is any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical study patient administered a 
pharmaceutical product and which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this 
treatment. An AE can therefore be any unfavorable and unintended sign (including an abnormal 
laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of an IMP, whether 
or not related to the IMP. 
During the study after PK1 IMP initiaton, any worsening of conditions, signs or symptoms noted 
at the start of the visit will be recorded as an AE. In cases of surgical or diagnostic procedures, 
the condition/illness leading to such a procedure is considered as the AE rather than the 
procedure itself. 
Any AE’s experienced during the screening or PK1 (baseline) visit prior to treatment initiation, that 
are unrelated to study procedures carried out (e.g. needle stick injuries), should be recorded in 
medical history and would not be considered AEs. 
All AEs that occur (whether treatment related or not) will be recorded in the EDC throughout the 
duration of the study (and during the 4 week safety follow-up period). 
As far as possible, each AE must be described by its duration (start and end time and date or 
ongoing), its frequency (single episode, intermittent, or continuous), its severity (see Section 8.3 
Adverse Events ), a causality assessment (coexisting disease, concomitant medication, the IMP, 
or other cause), its relationship to the IMP (see Section 8.3 Adverse Events ), whether this 
influenced the course of the IMP, whether it required specific action or therapy, and outcome. 
 
8.2. 
Expected Adverse Events in Hydroxyurea Recipients 
Refer to Investigator Brochure.  
8.3. 
Adverse Events  
Using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4, the principal 
investigator will assess the severity of all AEs. 
The principal investigator will also assess the relationship of AEs to the IMP using the following 
definitions: 
Definite: 
There is a definite clinical/biological relationship and time sequence between the 
onset of the AE and the administration of the IMP. 
Probable: 
A causal relationship is clinically/biologically highly plausible and there is a 
plausible time sequence between onset of the AE and administration of the IMP 
and there is a reasonable response on withdrawal. 


 
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Possible: 
A causal relationship is clinically/biologically plausible and there is a plausible time 
sequence between onset of the AE and administration of IMP. 
Unlikely: 
A causal relationship is improbable and another documented cause of the AE is 
most plausible. 
Unrelated: 
A causal relationship can be definitively excluded and another documented cause 
of the AE is most plausible. 
In case of a fatality the cause of death is considered as the AE and the death is its outcome. 
 
 


 
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9. 
PROCEDURE FOR RECORDING AND REPORTING ADVERSE EVENTS 
AE data will be recorded throughout the study.   
9.1. 
Recording of Adverse Events in the EDC Database  
As quality and precision of AE data collected is of key importance, the principal investigator or 
his/her designee should use the AE definitions provided in the above sections and follow the 
guidelines below when completing the AE log in the EDC database: 
• 
Whenever possible recognized medical terms should be used to describe AEs rather 
than colloquialisms (e.g. ‘influenza’ rather than ‘flu’).  Abbreviations should be avoided. 
An AE term needs to be provided for each AE, preferably using the Short Name as listed 
in the CTCAE version 4, available online. 
• 
AEs should be described using a specific clinical diagnosis rather than component signs 
and symptoms where possible (e.g. ‘congestive heart failure’ rather than ‘dyspnoea, 
rales and cyanosis’).  
• 
Signs and symptoms that are considered unrelated to a specific disease or syndrome 
should be reported as individual AEs in the EDC database (e.g. ‘nausea’ and ‘vomiting’ 
should be recorded separately and not as ‘nausea and vomiting’). 
• 
Provisional diagnoses (e.g. ‘suspected asthma’) are acceptable but should be followed 
up by a definite diagnosis when/if finally available. 
• 
AEs (or other SAEs) that are secondary to other events (e.g. sequelae or complications) 
should be identified by the primary cause. A primary AE, if clearly identifiable, generally 
represents the most accurate clinical term to be recorded on the AE log in the EDC 
database. The principal investigator should be invited to provide his/her own opinion of 
which is the primary AE. 
9.2. 
Reporting of Adverse Events 
Complete and appropriate data on all AEs experienced during the clinical study will be reported 
in the AE forms in the EDC database on an ongoing basis for the duration of the reporting period. 
It is important that each AE report includes a description of the event, its seriousness status and 
criteria, duration, severity, relationship to the IMP, other causality factors (if any), any concomitant 
medications dispensed, concomitant procedures prescribed or other actions taken, and its 
outcome at the end of the reporting period. 
For chronic conditions such as SCA there can be worsening of initial AEs. These may be AEs 
that become SAEs in accordance with the definition in Section 9.3 Serious Adverse Events. To 
ensure that onset and end date of seriousness is captured for reconciliation purposes, these 
worsening AE’s should be reported as 2 separate events; 1 serious and 1 not serious in the AE 
log in the EDC database, with the SAE onset date given as the date of seriousness and the event 
name changed to reflect the serious condition. The initial AE may continue to be ongoing after 
the SAE has resolved; therefore, the end-date for the end of the SAE and the initial AE may be 
different. 
9.3. 
Serious Adverse Events 
A SAE is defined as one of the following: 
• 
An event that causes the death of the patient. 
• 
A life-threatening* event. 
• 
An event causing hospitalization** or prolongation of existing hospitalization. 
• 
An event causing persistent or significant disability or incapacity.*** 


 
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• 
An event causing a congenital anomaly or birth defect in the offspring of a woman 
treated before or during pregnancy. 
• 
Important medical events (i.e. that may not result in death, be life threatening, or require 
hospitalization which may be considered a serious adverse drug experience when, 
based upon medical judgment, it may jeopardize the patient and may require medical or 
surgical intervention to prevent one of the outcomes listed in this definition). 
 
* 
The term ‘life-threatening’ refers to an event in which the patient was at risk of death at 
the time of event; it does not refer to an event that hypothetically might have caused death 
if it were more severe. 
** 
A hospitalization is usually defined as an overnight stay, including time spent in an 
emergency room, for an AE. However, for the purposes of this study, since admission for 
SCA associated complications is fairly common, an SAE for a hospitalization due to 
confirmed SCA associated complication will be defined as an AE that requires inpatient 
hospitalization of > 7 days or prolongation of existing hospitalization. Hospitalization for 
an elective procedure will not classified as an SAE, unless the hospitalization is prolonged 
beyond what would normally be anticipated for the elective procedure. Hospitalization or 
a prolongation of hospitalization for an AE other than a confirmed SCA associated 
complication will be considered an SAE. If the hospitalization for a confirmed SCA 
associated complication is longer than usually anticipated for the type of event/diagnosis 
on admission, then this will be defined as an SAE. 
*** 
The term ‘persistent or significant disability or incapacity’ refers to an event that results in 
a substantial or permanent disruption of patient’s ability to carry out normal life functions. 
 
Pregnancy is not considered to be an AE. However, if any female becomes pregnant during the 
course of the study, she will be followed up to determine the outcome of both the mother and 
fetus. Also, if the partner of a male patient enrolled in the study becomes pregnant, the mother 
and fetus will also be followed-up to determine the outcome of both. 
9.4. 
Reporting Serious Adverse Events  
All SAEs occurring during the study must be reported to the Sponsor by email within 24 hours of 
the investigator becoming aware of the SAE.  
 
SAE EMERGENCY CONTACT DETAILS 
Fax: +44 (0)1753 695101 
Email:   pharmacovigilance@simbecorion.com 
 
 
 
Investigators should not wait to receive additional information to fully document the event before 
notifying the Sponsor of a SAE. A full written summary, detailing relevant aspects of the SAE, 
should follow the initial fax report. Where applicable, information from relevant hospital case 
records and post-mortem reports should be obtained. 
Any SAE that is both unexpected and suspected to be related to treatment (SUSAR) must be 
reported by the Sponsor to the regulatory authorities and the IEC (via the investigator) within the 
following time limits: 
• 
A SUSAR that is fatal or life-threatening is to be reported to the regulatory authorities 
and the IEC as soon as possible, and in any case no later than 7 calendar days after the 
Sponsor first becomes aware of it. Relevant follow-up information must be reported 
within an additional 8 calendar days. 
• 
All other SUSARs are to be reported to the regulatory authorities and the IEC as soon as 
possible, but within a maximum of 15 calendar days of the Sponsor first becoming aware 
of it. 


 
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9.4.1. 
Reporting Procedures 
The investigator must complete the Serious Adverse Event Report Form, assess the relationship 
to IMP and send the completed form by fax within 24 hours to the Sponsor. The Sponsor will in 
any case report any death or life-threatening event to the authorities (Ministry of Health and 
Wellness [MOHW], Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Authority [MHRA], the Data 
Safety Monitoring Committee [DSMC], and IEC) within 7 calendar days, if it is both unexpected 
and considered to be drug-related, with any follow up reports within a further 8 calendar days. 
Any other SAE that is both unexpected and considered drug-related will be reported within 15 
calendar days. The original and the duplicate copies of the Serious Adverse Event Report Form, 
and the email confirmation must be kept with the source data at the study site. The monitor will 
collect a copy of the Serious Adverse Event Report Form and deliver it to the Sponsor. Any further 
follow-up information that the investigator becomes aware of is to be sent to the Sponsor, re-
stating the date of the original report. Either a new Serious Adverse Event Report Form is sent 
(stating that this is a follow-up), or the original one is re-sent (with the new information highlighted 
and a new date provided). The follow-up should describe whether the event has resolved or 
continues, if and how it was treated, and whether the patient continued or discontinued study 
participation. The form and fax confirmation sheet must be retained. The Sponsor may also 
request further follow-up information following review of the Serious Adverse Event Report Form. 
The investigator will make all reasonable attempts to obtain the follow-up information requested 
and forward it to the Sponsor as detailed above. Pregnancy follow-up should describe the 
outcome of the pregnancy, including any voluntary or spontaneous termination, details of the birth, 
and the presence or absence of any congenital abnormalities or birth defects. The investigator 
will provide these details via completion of a Pregnancy Follow-up Form. 
 
 


 
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10. 
EVALUATION OF RESULTS 
Changes in the conduct of the study or planned analyses will be reported in the corresponding 
section of the clinical study report. 
A Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) will be developed by a qualified statistician together with a 
pharmacometrician. PK and statistical analysis will be performed according to this document. The 
SAP will specifically include details of how all: analysis populations, demographic and baseline 
characteristics, completion and discontinuation information, medication details, PK analyses, 
safety analyses, and palatability and acceptability will be classified and described. Palatability and 
acceptability data may be collected and summarized prior to the completion of the safety 
follow-up, and this will be documented in the SAP. The SAP will be reviewed and approved prior 
to any interim analysis.   
One interim analysis is currently planned, when all patients have completed approximately 9 
months of the study (i.e. when the last patient reaches their week 40 visit). The interim analysis 
will include all study endpoints described in the SAP.  
 
 
The sample size chosen for the study is considered appropriate based on previous experience.  
No formal sample size calculations have been performed.  In order to develop a robust population 
PK model (i.e. precisely estimated parameters), data from a minimum of 150 blood samples will 
be required. It is hoped that the required number of samples may be obtained from approximately 
25 patients. However, if problems are encountered in obtaining samples, further patients may be 
included in the study to ensure sufficient samples are collected, especially for the age groups 
detailed below. This will not go over 35 patients in total without ensuring prior approval from both 
the relevant IEC and competent authority. 
A minimum of 6 patients need to be enrolled in the 6 months to < 1.99 years age group and a 
minimum of 6 patients in the ≥ 2 to < 5.99 years age group (where .99 represents the day before 
the patient’s birthday). 
10.1. 
Pharmacokinetic Analysis 
Since a sparse sampling approach will be employed in the present study as it is not possible to 
use a classical analysis to obtain PK parameter estimates. Therefore, a population PK approach 
will be applied. In the population approach all data from different individuals will be pooled and 
fitted simultaneously using a non-linear, mixed effects modelling approach and post hoc individual 
kinetic parameters can be calculated with as few as 1 sample per individual.  
Data will be analyzed using the mixed effects non-linear regression modelling programme, 
NONMEM (most recent version; ICON). Post processing of NONMEM output will be undertaken 
with an appropriate statistical package such as R (current version). 
Preliminary analyses will focus on the structural and variance models. One- and 2-compartment 
models with first and zero order inputs will be implemented. Between patient variability will be 
assumed to be log-normally distributed, and residual error will be modeled using additive, 
proportional and combined error structures. 
Biologically plausible covariates will be included in the model for analysis e.g. age, weight. A 
multivariate analysis will be performed, details of this analysis will be included in the SAP. Several 
criteria can be used to evaluate the improvement in the model performance and thus select the 
final model. Comparisons of hierarchical models are based on the objective function value, i.e. 
2-times the negative log likelihood value. Changes in the objective function value > 7.88 (p<0.005) 
are accepted as statistically significant. The other selection criteria used include improvement in 
the goodness of fit and residual plots, increased precision in parameter estimation, and reduced 
variance of between patient and residual errors. An assessment of model appropriateness will be 


 
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undertaken using visual predictive checks and posterior predictive checks. This will be based on 
the final covariate model. 
The absorption function, CL/F, V/F will be considered as primary PK parameters; secondary PK 
parameters (such as Tmax, Cmax, AUC, and t½) will be calculated from the primary model 
parameters.  
10.2. 
Safety and Secondary Analyses  
Reporting of safety data will be of a descriptive nature and presented using appropriate summary 
statistics (e.g. n, mean, standard deviation [SD], coefficient of variation [%CV], median, minimum, 
maximum, quartiles [if appropriate]) or frequency distributions (n%) by age group (age 6 months 
to 1.99 years, age 2 years to 5.99 years, and age 6 years to 17.99 years). Unless otherwise stated 
these tabulations will be supported by data listings. 
Safety summaries will include all patients irrespective of whether or not they completed the study. 
AEs will be coded according to the current version of Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities 
(MedDRA, version to be identified in the clinical study report). 
Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) (AEs related to the IMP) will be determined and 
only these will be included in the SAP. Details of the criteria of classifying an AE as a TEAE will 
be provided in the SAP.   
The incidence of AEs will be summarized by system organ class, preferred term, and maximum 
severity. AEs will also be summarized by strongest relationship to IMP by event and system organ 
class. If a patient experiences an AE more than once, the event with the worst severity or at the 
most related to IMP occurrence will be considered. Patients will be included only once at each 
level where they experienced 1 or more events.  
A summary of the incidence of SAEs will be presented by event and system organ class. 
AEs relating to hematological toxicities (cytopenias) and severe infections will be additionally 
listed separately and appropriately summarized.  
The following hematological safety endpoints will be specifically and appropriately summarized:   
• 
ANC 
• 
WBC count and differentials 
• 
Platelets 
• 
Hematocrit 
• 
MCH 
• 
Hb/anemia 
• 
Elevation in LFTs 
• 
ARC 
• 
Bilirubin 
• 
LDH 
 
The following safety endpoints relating to severe infection will be specifically summarized:  
• 
Bacterial infections 
• 
Viral infections 
• 
Fungal infections 
• 
Leg ulcers 
 
The following biomarker endpoints will be specifically summarized: 
• 
HbF 
• 
MCV 
• 
Cystatin C 
 


 
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The following clinical status endpoints will be appropriately summarized: 
• 
Incidence of acute pain crises 
• 
Number and frequency of blood transfusions 
• 
Hospitalizations  
• 
Incidence of ACS 
• 
Dose escalation i.e. time to MTD 
• 
Clinical parameters (symptoms) 
• 
Parent/caregiver acceptability/usability by questionnaire 
• 
Palatability and acceptability: evaluate the taste acceptability of the new oral liquid 
formulation of hydroxyurea 
 
The following exploratory endpoints will be appropriately summarized: 
• 
TCD velocity 
• 
Urine parameters (albumin and creatinine for ACR ratio) 
10.3. 
Palatability and Acceptability Analyses  
Palatability data will be appropriately summarized.   
10.4. 
Dose Escalation Analyses  
Dose escalation data will be appropriately summarized. 
10.5. 
Data Safety Monitoring Committee 
An independent DSMC will be formed to alert and/or make recommendations to the Sponsor 
about any existing or potential safety issues. 
10.6. 
Reporting Urgent Safety Measures  
If any urgent safety measures are taken the investigator/Sponsor shall immediately and in any 
event no later than 3 days from the date the measures are taken, give written notice to the MOHW 
(Jamaica), MHRA (UK), and the relevant IEC of the measures taken and the circumstances giving 
rise to those measures. 
Please refer to the appropriate local regulations (i.e. MOHW and MHRA) for details on clinical 
trials safety reporting. 
10.7. 
Statistical Analysis  
10.7.1. 
Analysis Populations 
The primary study population will be the PK population. The PK population will include those 
patients who have at least 1 successful blood sample taken and complete the study without 
significant protocol deviations/violations which are likely to affect the determination of the PK 
parameters. Further details on what is deemed a significant protocol deviation/violation will be 
documented in the SAP. This population will be used for the analysis of the primary variable. 
Safety data will be presented for the Safety population, that is, it will include all patients who 
received IMP. 


 
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10.7.2. 
Sample Size  
Up to 35 patients, both male and female, aged 6 months to 17.99 years of age will be recruited. 
This ‘up to’ recruitment figure will allow additional patients to be recruited to account for those 
patients from whom we are unable to obtain sufficient valid PK samples, for the age groups set 
out in the protocol. 
There are no power calculations as such in this study. The objective of this study is to estimate 
the population PK of hydroxyurea following administration. From a statistical point of view, the 
collected plasma concentration data are expected to relate to a non-linear, mixed effects model 
involving repeated measures. The developed PK model will estimate the parameters of the model 
and their associated within- and between-patient variability. 
10.7.3. 
Data Analysis 
Statistical analyses will be performed after all patients have ended their participation in the study, 
protocol have been deviations reviewed, populations have been agreed, and the database has 
been locked.  
Details of this analysis will be included in the SAP.  
Patients withdrawn before treatment administration will not be assessed for outcome variables or 
safety. 
Continuous variables will be summarized using descriptive statistics; n, mean, SD, %CV, median, 
minimum and maximum, quartiles (if appropriate), while categorical variables will be summarized 
as the number (and percentage) of patients in each category. 
Baseline and demographic data will be summarized overall and by age group (age 6 months to 
1.99 years, age 2 years to 5.99 years, and age 6 years to 17.99 years) as appropriate. 
Concomitant medications will be tabulated by age group along with the current available World 
Health Organization (WHO) drug dictionary coding by primary term and generic drug name. 
As part of the PK analysis, statistical significance will be declared at the 5% level (2-sided). All 
other safety analyses will be summarized using descriptive statistics. 
10.7.4. 
Missing, Unused or Spurious Data  
The handling of missing, unused, and spurious data will be described in the SAP. 
10.7.5. 
Deviations from the Planned Statistical Analyses 
Any changes to the planned analysis (as described in the protocol and SAP) will be documented 
in the statistical and clinical study reports. 
 
 


 
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11. 
REGULATORY AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS  
11.1. 
Good Clinical Practice 
The investigator and Sponsor will ensure that this study will be performed in accordance with the 
protocol, the Declaration of Helsinki, and all applicable regulatory requirements. The study will be 
conducted according to the protocol and to the Sponsor’s Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) 
or any delegated service provider’s SOPs, that meet the guidelines laid down by the ICH-GCP in 
clinical trials. The Sponsor has implemented a quality management system to manage quality 
throughout all stages of the study process, using a risk-based approach. A Study Management 
Plan will be developed and will include a risk analysis for identification, evaluation, control, 
communication, review, and reporting of the risks to the safety and integrity of the patients and 
the scientific integrity of the study. This risk analysis will be reviewed as appropriate during the 
study. 
All principles enunciated in Jamaican MOHW Guidelines for the Conduct of Research on 
Human Subjects have been complied with. 
11.2. 
Informed Consent 
Before a patient can participate in the study, their parent(s)/legal guardian must give written 
informed consent to participation. Where applicable, the patient themselves will provide assent 
for the study. If the assent is not used, then the investigator taking consent should document the 
reason why in the medical notes. The informed consent process will be in accordance with 
ICH-GCP, the Declaration of Helsinki, and local regulatory requirements. 
Patient information leaflets/informed consent forms will be based on master documents provided 
by the Sponsor and submitted and approved by the IEC.  Patient information leaflets will be 
designed to target specific age groups and levels of understanding in order to obtain patient 
assent for the study as well as parental/legal guardian consent. The Sponsor must approve and 
retain copies of any changes requested by the IEC before the documents are used. 
11.3. 
Regulatory Authority Approval 
Before the study is initiated at a site the Sponsor will obtain approval to conduct the study from 
the appropriate regulatory authority in accordance with any applicable country specific 
requirements. Regulatory authority approval for the clinical study will be obtained prior to 
recruitment of patients into the study and shipment of IMP. 
11.4. 
Independent Ethics Committee Requirements 
Before initiation of the study at a given site written approval of the protocol, informed consent 
forms and patient information leaflets will be obtained from the appropriate IEC. If any 
amendments to any of these documents occur during the study, written approval must be obtained 
prior to their implementation. The site will also apply to their Local Authority and IEC as 
appropriate for approval to participate in the study. The principal investigator at each site is 
responsible for ensuring that these actions occur.   
11.5. 
Data Safety Monitoring Committee  
Before initiation of the study at a given site, the final study protocol will be supplied to the 
independent DMSC who will make recommendations to the Sponsor about any existing or 
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11.6. 
Indemnity and Insurance 
With respect to any liability directly or indirectly caused by the IMP in connection with this clinical 
study, the Sponsor assumes liability on behalf of the investigator for possible injury to the patient, 
provided the investigator has followed the instructions of the Sponsor in accordance with this 
protocol and any amendments thereto, that the IMP has been supplied by the Sponsor, and that 
the investigator has performed the clinical study in accordance with scientific practice and 
currently acceptable techniques and knowledge. The Sponsor’s liability is covered by liability 
insurance.  
11.7. 
Patient Confidentiality 
The principal investigator must ensure that the patient’s anonymity is maintained. On the 
EDC/eCRFs or other documents submitted to the Sponsor, patients should not be identified by 
their names, but by their assigned identification number and initials only. If patient names are 
included on copies of documents submitted to the Sponsor, the names (except for the initials) 
must be obliterated and replaced with the assigned study patient numbers. 
The principal investigator should keep a separate log of patient identification numbers, names, 
addresses, telephone numbers, and hospital numbers (if applicable). Documents not for 
submission to the Sponsor, such as signed informed consent forms, should be maintained in strict 
confidence by the principal investigator in the study site file. 
A screening failure log will be maintained for patients who have consented to participate in the 
study but who, for whatever reason, are not eligible, withdrawn or decide to withdraw prior to 
taking part. This log will contain the following information: 
• 
Date of screening visit 
• 
Patient study number 
• 
Patient initials 
• 
Reason for study withdrawal (if available) 
 
An EDC entry will be created for these patients containing only the above data for monitoring 
purposes. 
The investigator shall permit authorized representatives of the Sponsor, regulatory authorities and 
IECs to review that portion of the patient’s medical record that is directly related to the study. As 
part of the required content of informed consent, the patient must be informed that his/her records 
will be reviewed in this manner. 
11.8. 
Study Documentation and Storage 
The investigator/institution should maintain the study documents in a comprehensive and 
centralized filing system that is suitable for inspection by representatives of the Sponsor and 
regulatory authorities. The investigator/institution should take measures to prevent accidental or 
premature destruction of these documents. 
Essential documents, as defined by ICH-GCP, include the signed protocol and any 
amendment(s), copies of any completed paper CRFs, signed informed consent forms from the 
parent(s)/legal guardians of all patients for whom consent was obtained, hospital records, other 
source documents (including the EDC database), IEC approvals, and all related correspondence 
including approved documents, drug accountability records, site delegation lists and curriculum 
vitae, study correspondence, and a list of the patients’ names and addresses. 
The principal investigator must retain copies of all essential documents for the period specified 
by ICH-GCP and by applicable regulatory requirements. 


 
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The principal investigator will inform the Sponsor of the storage location of the essential 
documents and must contact the Sponsor for approval before disposing of any of these 
documents. 
It is the responsibility of the Sponsor to inform the investigator/institution as to when these 
documents no longer need to be retained. The Sponsor should be informed immediately by the 
investigator/institution of any change concerning archiving facilities. 
11.9. 
End of Study 
For administrative and safety reporting purposes the end of the study will be defined as 4 weeks 
after the last patient completes treatment (i.e. at the end of the safety follow-up period for the last 
patient). This provides for a single and conservative definition. 
11.10. 
Publication Policy 
The Sponsor will prepare a written clinical study report according to ICH-GCP guidelines to 
summarize the study following completion of the analysis. 
Investigators may not submit study information for publication without prior consultation and 
written approval from the Sponsor. However, such approval should not be unreasonably withheld. 
 
 


 
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12. 
ADMINISTRATIVE OBLIGATIONS 
12.1. 
Source Data 
All relevant study data will be recorded in paper CRF’s prior to the use of the EDC database. 
Where relevant data already exists on other source documents, such as laboratory or TCD 
reports, , the information required will be transcribed into the paper CRF/EDC database. All other 
data will be directly written into the CRF/EDC database. When the EDC database is live, the 
original paper CRFs will be retained with the other study documents as source data and should 
not be disposed of. These should be made available for monitoring. 
12.2. 
Monitoring 
Routine monitoring visits (where applicable) will be made by the monitors designated by the 
Sponsor to check compliance with the protocol, the completeness, accuracy and consistency of 
the data, and adherence to ICH-GCP.  
The principal investigator must ensure that the EDC database is  completed in a timely manner 
(~48 hours after visit completion a visit date must be created) and must allow periodical access 
to any previous paper CRFs, patient records, drug logs, and all other study-related documents 
and materials. The frequency of monitoring visits will be determined by factors such as study 
design and the site enrolment requirements.   
The investigator will agree to provide the monitor direct access to the patients’ source data, which 
may exist in the form of hospital records, patient files and notes, and laboratory assessment 
reports and results.  
A risk adapted monitoring and source data verification strategy will be used for this study which 
will involve both on-site, central (database), and remote (off-site) monitoring. If access to a site is 
restricted (for example due to global pandemic or change in local or national guidelines) this may 
involve the use of remote monitoring tools and methods to perform off-site remote source data 
verification from an off-site location as supported by the FDA and EMA (see 
Section 13.1  Guidance Documents).  
The method of remote monitoring may vary between sites or countries and there are several 
options available. For example, sharing/viewing of information via live screen captures or video 
conferencing (e.g., the virtual operating system, where no data is transferred but is instead 
viewed securely, on an end-to-end encrypted and isolated system, using screen captures to the 
monitor for review). Another method would be sharing of redacted or anonymized study-related 
source documents with the monitor electronically or uploading scanned PDFs. Patient 
confidentiality will always be maintained with whichever system is used. 
12.3. 
Quality Control and Quality Assurance 
Appropriately qualified and trained staff will be involved in this study. Staff at the investigational 
site will be instructed in the conduct of the study according to this protocol.   
In order to check the compliance of the study regarding ICH-GCP, audits may be carried out by 
a quality assurance representative. The investigator will provide access to authorized persons 
during regulatory authority inspections or Sponsor audits. 
12.4. 
Data Collection and Management 
All CRF data will be entered into a validated EDC database provided by TrialStat and managed 
by McDougall Scientific Ltd. Prior to the EDC database, sites will complete paper CRFs for each 
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Electronic CRFs (eCRF) will be completed promptly on the EDC database (within 48 hours of the 
visit). When changes to CRF/eCRF data are necessary,  these changes will be documented in 
the EDC database change report, and updated in the guidance documentation provided to the 
site.  
 
Data items from the superseded paper CRFs will be entered retrospectively into the EDC 
database by Data Management with review and verification, prior to the EDC database going live. 
Following this, sites will enter ongoing data directly into the EDC database and retire the paper 
CRFs which will be retained to cross-check with as source data for monitoring purposes. 
Concomitant medication entered into the EDC database will be coded using the WHO drug 
dictionary. Coexisting diseases and AEs will be coded using the MedDRA. Laboratory samples 
will be processed, and results sent to Data Management for importing into the EDC database and 
to the sites directly.  
Data Management will be responsible for data processing, in accordance with the Sponsor or 
Sponsor’s delegated service provider’s data management procedures. Database lock will occur 
once quality assurance procedures have been completed.   
12.5. 
Adherence to the Protocol 
Protocol deviations are any deviations from the procedures outlined in this document, for 
example, missed evaluations, incorrect timing of evaluations, non-compliance with IMP, and 
intake of prohibited medications. It is the investigator’s responsibility to make all reasonable efforts 
to avoid protocol deviations in order to avoid possible exclusion of the patient from the study 
and/or analyses.  
All protocol deviations will be reported immediately to the Sponsor and any action required, for 
example, discontinuation of the patient will be discussed. Evaluability of the patient(s) concerned 
will be performed by the Sponsor prior to the statistical analysis.  
Significant deviations from the protocol or a significant number of protocol deviations could result 
in a discontinuation from the study of the site involved. 
12.6. 
Study or Site Discontinuation 
The Sponsor may temporarily or permanently discontinue the study at a single site or at all sites 
for safety, ethical, compliance or other reasons. If this is necessary, the Sponsor will endeavor to 
provide advance notification to the site(s) involved. If the site or study is suspended or 
discontinued, the principal investigator will be responsible for promptly informing the IEC. Where 
required by local regulations, the Sponsor will be responsible for informing the IEC of study or site 
discontinuation. In such cases, all study data and unused IMP must be returned to the Sponsor. 
12.7. 
Personnel Responsibilities 
The study will be conducted in accordance with the protocol, ICH-GCP, and applicable regulatory 
requirements. 
12.7.1. 
Investigator 
The investigator’s responsibilities shall include but not be limited to: 
• 
Adhering to the conduct of the study as described in this protocol 
• 
Ensuring the accuracy and legibility of the CRFs and their security 
• 
Immediately reporting any SAEs to the Sponsor and, if appropriate, the IEC 


 
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• 
Adhering to the guidelines described in the Declaration of Helsinki, ICH-GCP, and local 
regulatory requirements 
• 
Informing the patient’s general practitioner that the patient is taking part in the study, 
provided that the patient agrees to this contact. A copy of the correspondence should be 
filed in the Investigator Site File 
• 
Provide expert research input and advice relating to study design and execution 
• 
Be responsible for the review and sign-off of the final report 
12.7.2. 
Clinical Monitor  
The clinical monitor’s responsibilities will be defined in the Monitoring Plan and shall include but 
aer not be limited to: 
• 
Verifying protocol adherence 
• 
Verifying the data on the CRFs/EDC with information in the patient’s clinic notes and 
other source documents 
• 
Ensuring the study documents such as the paper CRFs, protocol and any 
correspondence are maintained in a secure area 
• 
Reporting and discussing any problems with the investigators and reporting them to the 
Sponsor 
12.7.3. 
Sponsor 
The study Sponsor’s responsibilities shall include but not be limited to: 
• 
Providing the principal investigator with all the necessary study documents and study 
supplies prior to study initiation 
• 
Providing the investigator with updates on new developments regarding the IMP 
• 
Sending the principal investigator financial reimbursement during the conduct of the 
study according to a schedule agreed upon in the budget 


 
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13. 
REFERENCES  
 
1.  McGann PT, Ware RE. Hydroxyurea for sickle cell anemia: What have we learned and what 
questions still remain? Curr Opin Hematol. 2011;18(3):158-165. 
doi:10.1097/MOH.0b013e32834521dd 
2.  Rees DC, Williams TN, Gladwin MT. Sickle-cell disease. Lancet. 2010;376(9757):2018-
2031. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61029-X 
3.  Platt OS, Orkin SH, Dover G, Beardsley GP, Miller B, Nathan DG. Hydroxyurea enhances 
fetal hemoglobin production in sickle cell anemia. J Clin Invest. 1984;74(2):652-656. 
doi:10.1172/JCI111464 
4.  McGann PT, Ware RE. Hydroxyurea therapy for sickle cell anemia. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 
2015;14(11):1749-1758. doi:10.1517/14740338.2015.1088827 
5.  US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health (NIH) National 
Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Evidence-Based Management of Sickle Cell 
Disease - Expert Panel Report, 2014: Guide to Recommendations. 
https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/media/docs/Evd-
Bsd_SickleCellDis_Rep2014.pdf 
6.  Charache S, Dover GJ, Moore RD, et al. Hydroxyurea: effects on hemoglobin F production 
in patients with sickle cell anemia. Blood. 1992;79(10):2555-2565. 
7.  Estepp JH, Smeltzer MP, Kang G, et al. A clinically meaningful fetal hemoglobin threshold 
for children with sickle cell anemia during hydroxyurea therapy. Am J Hematol. 
2017;92(12):1333-1339. doi:10.1002/ajh.24906 
8.  Charache S, Terrin ML, Moore RD, et al. Effect of hydroxyurea on the frequency of painful 
crises in sickle cell anemia. Investigators of the Multicenter Study of Hydroxyurea in Sickle 
Cell Anemia. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(20):1317-1322. doi:10.1056/NEJM199505183322001 
9.  Voskaridou E, Christoulas D, Bilalis A, et al. The effect of prolonged administration of 
hydroxyurea on morbidity and mortality in adult patients with sickle cell syndromes: results 
of a 17-year, single-center trial (LaSHS). Blood. 2010;115(12):2354-2363. 
doi:10.1182/blood-2009-05-221333 
10.  Lobo CL de C, Pinto JFC, Nascimento EM, Moura PG, Cardoso GP, Hankins JS. The effect 
of hydroxcarbamide therapy on survival of children with sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol. 
2013;161(6):852-860. doi:10.1111/bjh.12323 
11.  Ferster A, Vermylen C, Cornu G, et al. Hydroxyurea for treatment of severe sickle cell 
anemia: a pediatric clinical trial. Blood. 1996;88(6):1960-1964. 
12.  Ware RE, Helms RW, SWiTCH Investigators. Stroke With Transfusions Changing to 
Hydroxyurea (SWiTCH). Blood. 2012;119(17):3925-3932. doi:10.1182/blood-2011-11-
392340 
13.  Ware RE, Davis BR, Schultz WH, et al. Hydroxycarbamide versus chronic transfusion for 
maintenance of transcranial doppler flow velocities in children with sickle cell anaemia-TCD 
With Transfusions Changing to Hydroxyurea (TWiTCH): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, 
non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2016;387(10019):661-670. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01041-7 


 
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14.  Yawn BP, Buchanan GR, Afenyi-Annan AN, et al. Management of sickle cell disease: 
summary of the 2014 evidence-based report by expert panel members. JAMA. 
2014;312(10):1033-1048. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.10517 
15.  McGann PT, Niss O, Dong M, et al. Robust clinical and laboratory response to hydroxyurea 
using pharmacokinetically guided dosing for young children with sickle cell anemia. Am J 
Hematol. 2019;94(8):871-879. doi:10.1002/ajh.25510 
16.  Yeung VW, Wong ICK. When do children convert from liquid antiretroviral to solid 
formulations? Pharm World Sci. 2005;27(5):399-402. doi:10.1007/s11096-005-7911-z 
17.  Ministry of Health and Wellness’s Guidelines for the Conduct of Research on Human 
Subjects  Guidelines adopted by: The Advisory Panel on Ethics & Medico-Legal Affairs 
Ministry of Health and Wellness, Jamaica 21/8/02 (Revised); Updated April 2010. 
18.  Haemoglobinopathy HCCs response to COVID-19 V6 21st March 2020. Advice on COVID-
19 in patients with Sickle Cell Disease and Thalassaemia. https://b-s-
h.org.uk/media/18153/hbp-hccs-response-to-covid-v-6-21st-march-2020.pdf. 
19.  European Clinical Trials Directive, 2005/28/EC European Good Clinical Practice Directive 
and associated guidance. 
20.  Statutory Instruments (UK Law): SI 2004 No. 1031, 2006 No 1928. The Medicines For 
Human Use (Clinical Trials) Regulations 2004 and associated amendments. 
21.  Sickle Cell Disease: The Clinical Care Guidelines of the Sickle Cell Unit, June 2015, Second 
edition, Publisher: Sickle Cell Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Editor: Susanna 
Bortolusso Ali, ISBN: 987-976-41-0270-0). 
 
 
 


 
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APPENDICES 
 
Appendix I 
 
Individual Principal Investigator Signature Sheet 
Appendix II 
 
Protocol Amendments 
 
 


 
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13.1. 
APPENDIX I - INDIVIDUAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR SIGNATURE 
SHEETS 
 
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR SIGNATURE SHEET 
 
The signature below constitutes approval of this protocol by the signatory and provides the 
necessary assurances that this study will be conducted according to all stipulations of the 
protocol including all statements regarding confidentiality. 
 
I have read this protocol and agree that it contains all necessary details for carrying out this trial. 
I will conduct the study as outlined herein and in accordance with the ethical principles of the 
Declaration of Helsinki and ICH GCP guidelines, and in compliance with the local regulatory 
authority requirements. I will provide copies of the protocol and all pertinent information to all 
individuals responsible to me who assist in the conduct of this study. I will discuss the material 
with them to ensure they are fully informed regarding the drug and the conduct of the study. 
I will only use the informed consent form approved by the Sponsor or its representative and will 
fulfill all responsibilities for submitting pertinent information to the Independent Ethics Committee 
(IEC) responsible for the study. 
 
INVESTIGATOR 
 (Principal Investigator)  
 
Name: _____________________________________ 
 
Title: ______________________________________ 
 
Signed: _____________________________________ 
 
Date: _______________________________________ 
 
 
 
 


 
 CONFIDENTIAL  
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Protocol Number: INV543 
FINAL V9.0 Dated: 03 Jun 2021 
13.2. 
APPENDIX II - PROTOCOL AMENDMENTS 
 
PROTOCOL AMENDMENT NUMBER 1 AND 2 (COMBINED):  
 
Reason for Amendment - 1: Change in Service Provider from Rocky Mountain to NERI, and 
change in scope of activities to include Management of the DSMC. Clarification that Simbec-
Orion Clinical Services will be working on the PK LABORATORY Analysis (not Hussain Mulla 
who is doing the PK analysis not the Laboratory Analysis) 
 
The study will now additionally be run in up to four UK clinical sites in addition to the Jamaican 
Site.  This has been added to the synopsis, and each UK site PI will be asked to sign a separate 
protocol signature sheet (see Appendix I). 
 
The diagnosis of sickle cell disease has been amended to include clarification of the genotype 
(HbSS and HbS𝛽𝛽0) 
 
Introduction was changed to be explicit about availability of exposure data in infants and to 
delete reference to a bioequivalence study that is now complete. 
 
The PK laboratory has reduced the volume of blood needed for PK analysis, so the volume will 
be reduced from 2mL to 1mL. 
 
In Section 9.4.1 Reporting Procedures, the MHRA has been added to the SAE reporting 
requirements for the UK sites. 
 
A UK PI signature sheet has been added in order that the PI’s in the UK sites can sign an 
agreement to work to the protocol. 
 
Minor typographical errors have been corrected. 
 
Further consistency changes were made to the protocol Version 2 prior to full sign off following 
review by NERI, in order to ensure that there was no confusion over a partially signed off 
version of Protocol Version 2, the protocol will be signed off as Version 3. 
 
In addition to consistency and typographical errors amended in Version 2 to Version 3.  A 
request to reduce the minimum age of participants to 6 months (from FDA) was incorporated. 
 
FOR FULL EDIT DETAILS PLEASE SEE TRACKED CHANGES DOCUMENT (PROTOCOL 
VERSION 3.0- 20180328_TRACKED CHANGES file name HU Protocol FINAL 
3.0_20180328_tracked) 
 
 
 


 
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Protocol Number: INV543 
FINAL V9.0 Dated: 03 Jun 2021 
PROTOCOL AMENDMENT NUMBER 3: 
 
Reason for Amendment: MHRA request for additions and clarifications 
 
Synopsis: 
Exclusion Criteria added: 13. Known infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). 
 
Section 1.3.2 
 A section “Justification for dose and dose-escalation” was added. 
Table 3.2 Schedule of Study Assessments 
Urinalysis was amended to include pregnancy test if applicable, including a footnote “To include 
a urine pregnancy test to be performed no more than seven days before the first administration 
of hydroxyurea in all post-menarcheal females” 
Section 5.12 
The following was added: A urine pregnancy test will be performed no more than seven days 
before the first administration of hydroxyurea in all post-menarcheal females. 
Section 6.2 
Exclusion Criteria added: 13. Known infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). 
Section 9.3 
SAE definition was clarified: “SAE for a hospitalization due to pain or fever will be defined as an 
AE that requires inpatient hospitalization of  > 7 days or prolongation of existing hospitalization.  
Hospitalization for an elective procedure will not classified as an SAE, unless the hospitalization 
is prolonged beyond what would normally be anticipated for the elective procedure.  
Hospitalization or prolongation of a hospitalization for an adverse event other than pain or fever 
will be considered an SAE” 
 
References were added. 
 
FOR FULL EDIT DETAILS PLEASE SEE TRACKED CHANGES DOCUMENT (PROTOCOL 
VERSION 4.0- 20181024_TRACKED CHANGES file name HU Protocol FINAL 
4.0_20181024_tracked) 
 
 


 
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Protocol Number: INV543 
FINAL V9.0 Dated: 03 Jun 2021 
PROTOCOL AMENDMENT NUMBER 4: 
 
Reason for Amendment:  
1. Jamaican Ministry of Health's Ethics Committee request for clarification of name of IMP 
being hydroxyurea rather than hydroxycarbamide. 
2. Proposed Brand name changed from Reostor to Xromi. 
3. Laboratory discrepancies resolved. 
4. Change to screening period window, so patients can start treatment as soon as 
screening confirms eligibility. 
5. Blood sample for PK analysis at 6 hours has been made mandatory in older children in 
order that there is sufficient spread of sample time points across 0 to 6 hours. 
6. Exclusion criteria 3 was amended, as mild proteinuria is commonly seen in SCA 
patients, this criterion was therefore changed to reflect renal insufficiency as evidenced 
by creatinine. 
7. Exclusion criteria 6 was clarified to include “severe active infections” fungal, viral or 
bacterial and the phrase “that would preclude the use of hydroxyurea in normal clinical 
practice” 
8. Child bearing potential was clarified as “post-menarcheal females” 
9. The removal of “parenteral/oral” descriptor was removed from the definition of 
treatments for painful crises, as practice may vary, and it is not important.  
10. Visit windows were clarified. 
11. A reference to the sickle cell guidelines for Jamaica was added to section 1.3.1 and the 
reference section. 
12. A statement that in the UK all children will be dosed according to this protocol and 
standard clinical practice in the UK was added to section 1.3.2 
13. The ophthalmological and neurological component of the physical examination was 
made mandatory only at screening and exit, unless otherwise indicated.  Physical 
examination requirements were clarified in the footnote to the schedule. 
14. Minor typographical errors were corrected. 
15. Page numbering was updated in the table of contents. 
16. It was confirmed that there will be up to five clinical trial sites in the UK. 
17. An interim analysis was added as a possibility at the point where all patients complete 
approximately 9 months of the study (i.e. when the last patient reaches their week 40 
visit). 
18. IMP was corrected, syringes and bottle stoppers will be sourced locally (although 
provided to Jamaican site, practice in the UK varies) 
19. The SAE criteria regarding hospitalization was amended since hospitalization for fever or 
pain may not necessarily be for an SCA associated pain or fever.  
 
Throughout Protocol: 
Version and Date of the protocol was amended. 
Hydroxycarbamide was changed to hydroxyurea 
 
Synopsis: 
Proposed Brand name changed from Reostor to Xromi. 
Exclusion criterion 3. was amended to renal insufficiency as evidenced by creatinine levels: the 
text now reads “known creatinine more than twice the upper limit for age and > 1.0mg/dL [88.4 
micromol/L].” 
Exclusion criterion 6 was clarified to include “severe active infections” fungal, viral or bacterial 
and the phrase “that would preclude the use of hydroxyurea in normal clinical practice” 
Exclusion criteria 9 and 10 females of child bearing potential was clarified by addition of “post-
menarcheal females” 
The wording relating to sample timing for the PK was clarified, plus the 6-hour sample was 
made mandatory in older children in order to ensure that samples out to six hours are obtained 
in a proportion of the participants. 


 
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Protocol Number: INV543 
FINAL V9.0 Dated: 03 Jun 2021 
The definition of painful crises was amended so that it was clearer, plus “parenteral or oral” was 
removed as descriptor from the definition of treatments for painful crises, as practice may vary. 
In addition to the pre-dose sample the PK sample at 6 hours was made mandatory in children 
over 2.  The total number of samples was made clearer. The following text is now included: 
“The pre-dose sample is mandatory in all children, and 6-hour sample is mandatory in children 
over two years old.  In children under two years old up to two post dose samples will be taken 
(three samples in total), and in children over two years old up to up to five additional samples 
will be taken (six samples in total including the pre-dose and mandatory 6-hour sample). 
The removal of “parenteral/oral”  
The following test was added to the synopsis: 
An interim analysis may be planned when all patients complete approximately 9 months of the 
study (i.e. when the last patient reaches their week 40 visit). The interim analysis will include all 
study endpoints described in the SAP.  
 
Section 1.3.1, Route: 
A statement that the “overall management of children will be according to local clinical care 
guidelines”, was added rather than reference to Jamaican specific guidelines, to cover sites 
working in the UK.  
 
Section 1.3.2 Dosage 
Paragraph 7 “dose escalation” is from appropriate clinical guidance and should remain, however 
the following additional text was added to ensure that monitoring is however managed 
according to protocol: “(however for the purposes of this study protocol the monitoring will be 
monthly)” 
 
Schematic and Schedule of Assessments: 
The Screening Visit was amended from “-14 to -7” to “-14 to 0” so that children who are found to 
be eligible can start treatment immediately rather than wait for seven days, visit windows were 
also clarified and a footnote added.   
The total number of PK samples was clarified as up to six in total in older children and up to 
three in total for children under 2 years. 
An f was added to PK profile for Week 60, to align with protocol text that allows for a single 
sample at this visit if feasible. 
Physical Examination was changed to: A general physical examination will include the following: 
ear/nose/throat (tonsils), dermatological, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, lymph 
nodes and musculoskeletal (at screening and week 24 and week 60 and WD unless otherwise 
indicated), for ophthalmological and central nervous system (at screening and week 60 and WD 
unless otherwise indicated). Directed Physical examination will include: Hepatomegaly, 
Splenomegaly (at screening and week 24 and week 60 and WD unless otherwise indicated). 
Other evaluations may be performed as deemed necessary by the investigator. This will be 
commented upon in the clinical study report, if applicable.  
Footnote 9 was amended to include that a TCD performed within 3 months of the start of the 
study would be acceptable as screening TCD. 
Changes were made to the footnotes to the schedule of assessments to correct discrepancies 
and omissions in the safety laboratory measures as follows: 
Footnote 11: To standardize Full Blood Count additional measures were added “including” for 
the additional parameters, red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, 
Eosinophils, Basophils, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH). 
The requirement for hemoglobin electrophoresis was clarified, since this will not be a protocol 
scheduled assessment but may be done as standard of care for the patient if required to confirm 
diagnosis, the following text was added to footnote 11: 
If a hemoglobin electrophoresis result is not already available and it is required to confirm SCD 
diagnosis, it is to be arranged locally as part of the patient’s standard of care).   
The following text was added to footnote 15: 
“and spot urine for urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). 


 
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Protocol Number: INV543 
FINAL V9.0 Dated: 03 Jun 2021 
Details regarding Cystatin C testing were moved to the appropriate footnote 14. 
Footnote 15 changed to: At Screening, at Day 1, Month 6 (Week 24) and at Month 15 (Week 
60), (or Withdrawal [if possible]) samples will be taken for Urinalysis (dipstick): protein, bilirubin, 
blood and urobilinogen.  Spot urine for urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) will be done at 
Day 1, Month 6 (Week 24) and at Month 15 (Week 60), or if a patient withdraws, at the time of 
withdrawal.  To include a urine pregnancy test to be performed no more than seven days before 
the first administration of hydroxyurea in all post-menarcheal females. Blood sample will be 
taken prior to dosing on PK days.   The investigator may perform tests as clinically indicated, 
particularly if dose escalation is indicated. 
Footnote 16 was changed to: 
A full PK profile. The pre-dose sample is mandatory in all children, and 6-hour sample is 
mandatory in children over two years old.   The pre-dose sample is mandatory in all children, 
and 6-hour sample is mandatory in children over two years old.  In children under two years old 
up to two post dose samples will be taken (three samples in total), and in children over two 
years old up to up to five additional samples will be taken (six samples in total including the pre-
dose and mandatory 6-hour sample).  Further single samples will be obtained at regular clinic 
visits (Week 2-8, and Month 7-15) where feasible (f). Where a single PK sample is taken at the 
interim visit, the time of the previous hydroxyurea dose must be noted (where possible this 
sample will be taken at 12 hours post dose). 
 
Section 4.0 
The packaging was changed to show that the IMP is not packaged with oral dosing syringes as 
hospitals preferred to use their own in the UK. Syringes will be provided separately if required. 
 
Section 5.1 
The table number was amended from 4.6 to 5.1 (error).  In addition to the pre-dose sample the 
PK sample at 6 hours was made mandatory in older children, and the number of additional 
samples amended to reflect the appropriate total number of samples (5 in older children and 3 
in children under 2). The following text has been included: 
“*The pre-dose sample is mandatory in all children, and 6-hour sample is mandatory in children 
over two years old.  In children under two years old up to two post dose samples will be taken 
(three samples in total), and in children over two years old up to up to five additional samples 
will be taken (six samples in total including the pre-dose and mandatory 6-hour sample).” 
The following text was added regarding the single sample at clinic “This sample should only be 
taken if the time and dose of the previous dose of Hydroxyurea is known, and it must be noted”. 
 
Section 5.7 
The wording “uncomplicated sickle cell crisis” was removed as definition refers to definition of 
painful crisis, “parenteral/oral” descriptor was removed as practice may vary.  
 
Section 5.9 
The physical examination was amended to the following: 
A general physical examination will include the following: ear/nose/throat (tonsils), 
dermatological, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, lymph nodes and musculoskeletal 
(at screening and week 24 and week 60 and WD unless otherwise indicated), for 
ophthalmological and central nervous system (at screening and week 60 and WD unless 
otherwise indicated). Directed Physical examination will include: Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly 
(at screening and week 24 and week 60 and WD unless otherwise indicated). Other evaluations 
may be performed as deemed necessary by the investigator. This will be commented upon in 
the clinical study report, if applicable.  
 
(however, results can be used from a TCD which has been performed within three months of 
screening), was added to the TCD 
 
Section 5.11 


 
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Protocol Number: INV543 
FINAL V9.0 Dated: 03 Jun 2021 
The amendments to Full Blood Count detailed above for the schedule of events were also made 
to section 5.11.1.   
 
Section 5.11.2 
The amendments to the hemoglobin electrophoresis detailed above were also made to section 
5.11.2 
 
Section 5.15 
Genotype (HbSS and HvSb0 information) was added to the data collected on the CRF.  Where 
a single sample is collected at an interim visit the wording “must” was added to ensure time and 
dose of previous dose is recorded. 
 
Section 6.2 
Exclusion Criteria 3. Amendment of renal insufficiency to “known creatinine more than twice the 
upper limit for age and > 1.0mg/dL [88.4 micromol/L]))”. 
Clarification of exclusion Criteria 6 to include Severe infection- defined as one that would 
preclude the use of hydroxyurea in normal clinical practice. 
 
Clarification of exclusion criteria 9 and 10 females of child bearing potential by addition of “post-
menarcheal females” 
 
Section 9.3 
The SAE criteria regarding hospitalization was amended since hospitalization for fever or pain 
may not necessarily be for an SCA associated pain or fever. 
 
The term “pain or fever” was replaced with “confirmed SCA complication” in order to ensure that 
a hospitalization for pain and/or fever that is not associated with SCA are reported as SAEs.  
Hospitalizations for known and “confirmed SCA associated complications” will therefore not be 
reported as SAE unless the hospitalization is greater than 7 days. In addition this was clarified 
since if the hospitalization is longer than usually anticipated for the type of event it should be 
reported as an SAE,  the following text was added: “If the hospitalization for a confirmed SCA 
associated complication is longer than usually anticipated for the type of event/diagnosis on 
admission,  then this will be defined as an SAE.” 
 
Section 10.0 
The following text was added regarding the interim analysis: 
An interim analysis may be planned when all patients complete approximately 9 months of the 
study (i.e. when the last patient reaches their week 40 visit). The interim analysis will include all 
study endpoints described in the SAP.  
 
10.2 
Safety and Secondary Analyses 
The summary statistics for infections was amended to state “severe” rather than “serious” 
infections to be consistent with the definition of infections now used for infection in the exclusion 
criterion 3. 
Adverse events relating to hematological toxicities (cytopenias) and severe infections will be 
additionally listed separately and appropriately summarized.  
 
 
FOR FULL EDIT DETAILS PLEASE SEE TRACKED CHANGES DOCUMENT (PROTOCOL 
VERSION 5.0- 20190510_TRACKED CHANGES) file name HU Protocol FINAL 
V5.0_20190510_TRACKED CHANGES) 
 
 
 


 
 CONFIDENTIAL  
Page 71 of 76 
 
Protocol Number: INV543 
FINAL V9.0 Dated: 03 Jun 2021 
PROTOCOL AMENDMENT NUMBER 5: 
 
Reason for amendment  
1. Dose escalation parameters were amended to enable achievement of optimal dosing.  
2. Total number of study participants was amended to allow recruitment of up to 35 patients. 
This will allow collection of sufficient number of samples especially in the <2 years old age 
groups.   
3. Recruitment into the age groups has been clarified to permit more than 6 patients to be 
recruited into each group.  
4. Remove the need for site staff to calculate BMI and z score as this will be done centrally by 
data management. This will ensure consistency across all sites.  
5. The number of visits or attendance to the emergency room/facility will now be logged for 
each patient and recorded in the case report form.   
6. Minor changes involving grammar, wordsmithing, punctuation, and other editorial changes 
have been made throughout the protocol. All are clearly identified in the track-changes 
version of the amendment. 
7. Additional possible interim analysis point added when at least 12 patients have completed 
both PK visits at Day 1 and Week 24 for ongoing PK model development. 
8. Clarification of urine pregnancy testing at Screening or PK Day1 (if screening visit was 
>7days) in Schedule of Assessments table. 
9. Clarification that unscheduled lab assessments may be carried out at investigator discretion 
for standard of care and safety purposes. 
 
Changes to dose escalation 
 
Old text (in protocol version 5.0) 
Section 1.3.2 Dosage 
 
• 
Starting dosage for all children: 15 mg/kg/day 
• Monitor CBC count with WBC differential and reticulocyte count at least every 4 weeks 
when adjusting dosage. 
• Aim for a target absolute neutrophil count 2000-4000/μL; however: 
   o Maintain platelet count >80 000/μL 
• If hematological toxicity as defined by: 
   o Neutropenia (ANC <1.0 x109 /L). Additionally, if ANC < 1.5 10 9 /L repeat CBC 
in a week, if there are concerns about toxicity, but maintain the same dose. 
   o Thrombocytopenia (platelets <80 x109 /L ) 
   o Absolute reticulocyte count (ARC <80 x109 /L), unless Hb concentration > 
           9.0g/dl, 
   o A 20% decrease in Hb concentration, from baseline or Hb <4.5g/dL. 
Temporarily stop hydroxyurea dosing and: 
   o Monitor CBC count with WBC differential weekly until toxicity resolves 
   o If hematological toxicity resolves in 1 week reinstitute hydroxyurea at the same 
dose. If hematological toxicity persists for >1 week or occurs twice in a 3 month 
period, the hydroxyurea dose must be withheld until recovery and then reduced by 
2.5 mg/kg/day, or at a dose of 2.5-5.0 mg/kg/d lower than the dose given before 
onset of cytopenias. 
 
If dose escalation is warranted based on clinical and laboratory findings, guidance 
recommends to proceed as follows: 
   • Increase by 5-mg/kg/day increments every 8 weeks 
   • Give until mild myelosuppression (absolute neutrophil count of 2000-4000/μL) is 
achieved, up to a maximum of 35mg/kg/day 
   • Once a stable dose is established, laboratory safety monitoring should include CBC count 
with WBC differential, reticulocyte count, and platelet count every 3 months and blood 


 
 CONFIDENTIAL  
Page 72 of 76 
 
Protocol Number: INV543 
FINAL V9.0 Dated: 03 Jun 2021 
chemistry every 3 months. (however for the purposes of this study protocol the 
monitoring will be monthly) 
 
Doses will be calculated based on most current bodyweight (measured at each clinic visit). 
Doses 
will be adjusted where necessary in minimum increments/decrements of 10mg. Calculations will 
be made using dosing calculator or by formula. 
 
      New text (in protocol version 6.0) 
 
 
1.3.3 Dosage and dose escalation 
 
• 
Starting dosage for all patients: 15mg/kg/day 
• 
Monitor complete blood count (CBC) with WBC differential and reticulocyte count about 
every 4 weeks when adjusting dosage. 
• 
Aim for a target absolute neutrophil count 1-3 x109 /L; however: 
o Maintain platelet count >80 x109 /L 
• 
If hematological toxicity occurs as defined by: 
o Neutropenia (ANC <1.0 x109 /L). Additionally, if ANC < 1.5 x109 /L repeat CBC in 
a week, if there are concerns about toxicity, but maintain the same dose. 
o Thrombocytopenia (platelets <80 x109 /L) 
o Absolute reticulocyte count (ARC <80 x109 /L), unless Hb concentration > 9.0g/dl,   
o A 20% decrease in Hb concentration, from baseline or Hb <4.5g/dL. 
Temporarily stop hydroxyurea dosing and: 
o Monitor CBC count with WBC differential weekly until toxicity resolves 
o If hematological toxicity resolves in 1 week restart hydroxyurea at the same dose. 
If hematological toxicity persists for >1 week or occurs twice in a 3-month period, 
the hydroxyurea dose should be withheld until recovery and then reduced by 
about 2.5 mg/kg/day, or at a dose of 2.5-5.0 mg/kg/day lower than the dose given 
before onset of cytopenias. 
 
If dose escalation is warranted based on clinical and laboratory findings, typically failure 
to achieve mild neutrophil and reticulocyte suppression, guidance recommends to 
proceed as follows: 
• 
Increase by 5-mg/kg/day increments every 8 weeks 
• 
Give until mild myelosuppression (absolute neutrophil count of 1-3 x109 /L) is achieved. 
However, if ARC remains high (>200 x109/L), dose escalation may continue if clinically 
indicated, to achieve the optimal dosing. 
• 
Dose must not exceed a maximum dose of 35mg/kg/day. 
• 
Once a stable dose is established, laboratory safety monitoring should include CBC 
count with WBC differential, reticulocyte count, platelet count and blood chemistry every 
4 weeks. 
Doses will be calculated based on most current bodyweight (measured at each clinic visit). 
Doses will be rounded to the nearest 10mg.  Calculations will be made using dosing calculator 
or by formula. 
Patients will be reminded (as per standard practice) that the effectiveness of hydroxyurea 
depends on their adherence to daily dosing; they should be counselled not to double up doses if 
a dose is missed. Hydroxyurea therapy will be continued during hospitalizations or illness unless 
there is hematological toxicity. 
 
 
FOR FULL EDIT DETAILS PLEASE SEE TRACKED CHANGES DOCUMENT (PROTOCOL 
VERSION 6.0- 20191121_TRACKED CHANGES) 
 
 
 


 
 CONFIDENTIAL  
Page 73 of 76 
 
Protocol Number: INV543 
FINAL V9.0 Dated: 03 Jun 2021 
PROTOCOL AMENDMENT NUMBER 6: (Protocol v7.0) 
 
Reason for Amendment: 
1. Risk Assessment and Responsiveness to Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic period, to 
safeguard participants and enable the trial to continue under the Government and local 
restrictions on travel and hospitals. 
2. Increase in period between study visits by up to 12 weeks in stable participants, (60-
week final visit remains unaffected by this change and maximal period on study drug 
remains 15 months). 
3. Replacement of some on-site clinic visits with telephone calls (where applicable). 
4. Provision of additional IMP supplies to participants at dispensing visits. 
5. Provision of additional IMP supplies directly to participants via use of courier service. 
6. Greater flexibility and pro-active investigator discretion on dosage changes in response 
to trends in toxicity, allowing reduction by 2.5-5mg/ml increments prior to confirmation of 
toxicity. 
7. Flexibility in secondary outcome measures at interim visits between 20-36, which only 
need to be taken once. 
8. Flexibility for Week 24 PK visit to occur at any on-site visit between 20-36. 
9. Reduction in the overall number of PK samples required on PK days for >2 year olds 
from 5 to 3-5 (in addition to pre-dose sample). 
10. The requirement for a mandatory 6-hour post-dose sample on PK days has been 
removed and the timing of post-dose samples will be left to investigator discretion to help 
reduce the time participants will spend in the hospital/clinic.  
11. Reduction in the number of PK samples required on PK days for the >2 year olds, from 5 
additional samples to the investigator discretional 3-5 additional samples (and a pre-
dose).  
12. Interim individual PK samples can be taken at any visit in which the participant is 
attending for safety bloods. 
13. Palatability questionnaire can be carried out once at any visit from 4-60 weeks or at early 
WD. 
14. Participant travel expenses will now include the availability of taxi services which can be 
arranged by the local site. 
15. Recruitment during this period will be at investigator discretion. 
16. On-site monitoring during this period will be adaptive based on local and Government 
restrictions. Remote monitoring will be used in the interim. 
17. Flexibility added to requirements for interim analysis (reduction in number of patients to 
complete 24 weeks rather than 9 months) and potential for additional interim analysis to 
be added at a later date to capture additional time points. 
18. Addition of BfArM to section 10.6. 
 
 
Throughout Protocol: 
Version and Date of the protocol was amended. 
 
C** used to signify a change to the protocol in response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) 
pandemic period. 
 
FOR FULL EDIT DETAILS PLEASE SEE TRACKED CHANGES DOCUMENT (PROTOCOL 
VERSION 7.0_TRACKED CHANGES) 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
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Protocol Number: INV543 
FINAL V9.0 Dated: 03 Jun 2021 
PROTOCOL AMENDMENT NUMBER 7: (Protocol v8.0) JAMAICA ONLY 
 
1. Correction to synopsis in the Treatment Strategy section for the absolute neutrophil count 
from 2000 – 4000 /UL to 1-3 x109 /L. This was updated in the main body of the protocol in 
version 5, but had not been changed in the synopsis. 
2. Correction to synopsis to include Cystatin C in the list of biomarkers, which is in the main 
body of the text since the trial went live but had not been included in the synopsis. 
3. Change to the administrative structure to the party responsible for Pharmacokinetics, this 
is now being handled by BAST. 
4. Change to the to the administrative structure to the party responsible for Pharmacokinetic 
bioanalysis/lab analysis, previously Simbec-Orion, this is now being handled by Concept 
Life Sciences (CLS).  
5. Change to the administrative structure to the party responsible for Data management, 
previously NERI-Healthcore, this is now McDougall Scientific Limited who are also 
responsible for statistical analysis. 
6. Section 1.4.1.4 Site Monitoring Visits updated to include the use of remote monitoring for 
remote Source Data Verification which has been supported by regulatory authorities as a 
risk adapted method for trials. This includes a description of several methods to achieve 
this which may be site/country dependent depending on local regulatory approvals and 
includes an example of a remote monitoring tool/system (e.g. such as the virtual operating 
system). 
7. Addition to Section 13.1 Guidance Documents, EMA/FDA/BfARM separate regulatory 
guidelines for the risk-adapted management of clinical trials during COVID-19 (Mar 2020). 
8. Name change throughout protocol for the Jamaican Ministry of Health (MOH), to the 
Jamaican ‘Ministry of Health and Wellness (MOHW)’. 
 
Throughout Protocol: 
Version and Date of the protocol was amended – Protocol v8.0 for use in Jamaica only. 
 
FOR FULL EDIT DETAILS PLEASE SEE TRACKED CHANGES DOCUMENT (PROTOCOL 
VERSION 8.0 JAMAICA ONLY_TRACKED CHANGES) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
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Protocol Number: INV543 
FINAL V9.0 Dated: 03 Jun 2021 
PROTOCOL AMENDMENT NUMBER 8: (Protocol v9.0) 
 
Reason for Amendment: 
 
1. Changes to administrative structure of study, change of Data Management and Statistics 
provider, change of Pharmacokinetic modelling provider, change of Pharmacokinetic 
bioanalysis provider, changes to Simbec-Orion responsibilities. 
2. Removal of COVID-19 specific flexibility to the protocol denoted by (C**) throughout, this 
has now been changed to allow generic flexibility irrespective of COVID-19 restrictions. 
3. Incorporation of Protocol v8.0 (Jamaica Protocol) specific changes (see summary of 
changes above for Protocol v8.0). 
4. Clarification and correction of errors in the protocol synopsis in accordance with the 
protocol text (omission of Secondary Endpoints and correction to ANC values to match 
text from protocol v6.0 1-3 × 109/L). 
5. Removal of Germany as a study site location.  
6. Clarification to study procedures for Safety and Pharmacokinetics in study summary and 
Sections 1.3.4, Section 3.1, Figure 1, Table 1, to accommodate flexibility of in clinic visits 
and incorporate telephone calls. 
7. Change to allow telephone visits in place of in-clinic visits at investigator discretion 
throughout study up to a maximum of 3months between in-clinic visits. 
8. Clarification to definition of end of study requirements to attend an in-clinic Week 60 visit. 
9. Removal of second planned interim analysis. Only one interim analysis is now planned 
due to the impact of COVID-19. 
10. Addition of an Electronic Data Capture database for case report form data collection for 
the study. 
11. Update to the rationale for the study to include the current licensing of Xromi® for > 2 years 
in the UK and EU. 
12. Clarification to dose changes at investigator discretion in-line with in-clinic visit flexibility. 
13. Update to benefits and risks to include updated information in Investigator Brochure and 
recent DSUR report. 
14. Site Monitoring Visits 1.4.1.4 moved to Section 10.6 to incorporate the need for remote 
monitoring outside of COVID-19 restrictions. 
15. Addition of hematocrit and clarification that it is WBC ‘differentials’ omitted in error from 
secondary objectives, but included elsewhere in the previously approved text. 
16. Addition of mean corpuscular hemoglobin as a safety endpoint and cystatin C as a 
biomarker. 
17. IMP deliveries to patient homes to be permitted outside of COVID-19 pandemic 
restrictions at investigator discretion.  
18. Clarifications to IMP handling and storage. 
19. Clarifications to blood sampling for pharmacokinetic analysis (Section 5) in line with global 
protocol flexibility. 
20. Clarifications to study follow-up/final visit (Section 5.2) in line with global protocol flexibility. 
21. Correction to Section 5.3 (demographics), to remove date of birth. Only age will be 
collected on the study database. 
22. Clarification to the definition and how to record medical history. 
23. Section 5.13 updated in line with previous schedule of events to include repeat of 
screening pregnancy if > 7 days in text for consistency. 
24. In Section 5.14, it clarified that palatability and acceptability assessments can be 
conducted once, at any point after 8 weeks on treatment. 
25. Sections 6.6, 7.4 and 7.5 were updated to clarify that participants should aim to complete 
study within 12-15 months or 6 months after MTD, whichever is sooner. 
26. In Section 7.3, monitoring compliance was updated to clarify instructions to site on 
pharmacokinetic same day dosing. 
27. In Section 9.2, reporting of adverse events guidance was updated to include how to report 
worsening in chronic conditions to aid serious adverse event/adverse reconciliation. 


 
 CONFIDENTIAL  
Page 76 of 76 
 
Protocol Number: INV543 
FINAL V9.0 Dated: 03 Jun 2021 
28. In Section 10.6, removal of written notice of urgent safety measures to BfArM following 
removal of Germany as a study site location. 
29. In Section 11.7, patient confidentiality updated to incorporate use of EDC database and 
to correct the omission of date of screening date from the screening log. 
30. Section 11.8 was updated to include EDC CRF data. 
31. Section 12 was updated to include use of EDC database. 
32. In Section 12.2, monitoring was updated to include risk adapted monitoring, specifically to 
incorporate the remote and central monitoring process for the study.  
33. Guidance documents for the management of COVID-19 pandemic have been included. 
34. Minor changes involving grammar, wordsmithing, punctuation, and other editorial 
changes have been made throughout the protocol. All are clearly identified in the 
track-changes version of the amendment. 
 
FOR FULL EDIT DETAILS PLEASE SEE TRACKED CHANGES DOCUMENT (PROTOCOL 
VERSION 9.0 TRACKED CHANGES) 
 

SAP_001.pdf: 
 
CONFIDENTIAL 
INV543 HUPK SAP COVER PAGE  - Clinicaltrials.gov 
 
 
 
 
 
 
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PLAN (SAP) 
 
 
A prospective, open label, pharmacokinetic study of an oral 
hydroxyurea solution in children with sickle cell anemia  
(HUPK) 
 
 
Sponsor: Nova Laboratories Ltd. 
 
Sponsor ref: INV543 
 
 
 
Public Database: Clinicaltrials.gov 
 
Ref: NCT03763656 
 
Date: 21 Jan 2022 
 
Version: FINAL 1.0