Table:
|  |  | Fiscal Year Ended August 31, |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 2019(3) | 2018 | 2017 |
| Trade accounts receivable sold | $4,057 | $8,386 | $8,878 |
| Cash proceeds received(1) | $4,031 | $7,838 | $8,300 |
| Pre-tax losses on sale of receivables(2) | $26 | $15 | $9 |
| Deferred purchase price receivables as of August 31 | $— | $533 | $569 |
Paragraphs:
In connection with the asset-backed securitization programs, the Company recognized the following (in millions):
(1) The amounts primarily represent proceeds from collections reinvested in revolving-period transfers.
(2) Recorded to other expense within the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(3) Excludes $650.3 million of trade accounts receivable sold, $488.1 million of cash and $13.9 million of net cash received prior to the amendment of the foreign asset-backed securitization program and under the previous North American asset-backed securitization program.
The asset-backed securitization programs require compliance with several covenants. The North American asset-backed securitization program covenants include compliance with the interest ratio and debt to EBITDA ratio of the five-year unsecured credit facility amended as of November 8, 2017 (“the 2017 Credit Facility”). The foreign asset-backed securitization program covenants include limitations on certain corporate actions such as mergers and consolidations. As of August 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the asset-backed securitization programs.
Question:
What were the Pre-tax losses on sale of receivables in 2018?
Answer: $15