Table:
|  |  | Fiscal |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | 2019 | 2018 |
|  |  | (in millions) |
| Acquisition-related charges: |  |  |
| Acquisition and integration costs | $  10 | $  6 |
| Charges associated with the amortization of acquisition-related fair value adjustments | 3 | 4 |
|  | 13 | 10 |
| Restructuring and other charges, net | 63 | 80 |
| Other items | 2 | — |
| Total | $  78 | $  90 |
Paragraphs:
Operating income in the Industrial Solutions segment increased $78 million in fiscal 2019 from fiscal 2018. The Industrial Solutions segment’s operating income included the following:
Excluding these items, operating income increased in fiscal 2019 primarily as a result of higher volume and improved manufacturing productivity.
Question:
Why did operating income increase in fiscal 2019?
Answer: primarily as a result of higher volume and improved manufacturing productivity.