Table:
|  | June 30, |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ($ in millions) | 2019 | 2018 |
| Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
| Pensions | $86.9 | $66.8 |
| Postretirement provisions | 35.7 | 33.7 |
| Net operating loss carryforwards | 28.8 | 26.5 |
| Derivatives and hedging activities | 4.1 | — |
| Other | 32.1 | 29.4 |
| Gross deferred tax assets | 187.6 | 156.4 |
| Valuation allowances | (24.6) | (23.9) |
| Total deferred tax assets | 163.0 | 132.5 |
| Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
| Depreciation | (249.5) | (235.2) |
| Intangible assets | (11.3) | (11.9) |
| Inventories | (36.1) | (30.5) |
| Derivatives and hedging activities | (0.3) | (8.7) |
| Other | (4.3) | (3.5) |
| Total deferred tax liabilities | (301.5) | (289.8) |
| Deferred tax liabilities, net | $(138.5) | $(157.3) |
Paragraphs:
Deferred taxes are recorded for temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities that are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets are summarized in the table below. A valuation allowance is required when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. As of June 30, 2019, the Company had state net operating loss carryforwards of $337.6 million expiring between 2020 and 2039. A significant portion of the state net operating loss carryforwards are subject to an annual limitation that, under current law, is likely to limit future tax benefits to approximately $3.3 million. Valuation allowances increased by $0.7 million during fiscal year 2019 primarily due to increases in net operating losses incurred in certain tax jurisdictions for which no tax benefit was recognized.
The Company does not have unrecognized tax benefits as of June 30, 2019, 2018 and 2017. The Company
recognizes interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.
All years prior to fiscal year 2013 have been settled with the Internal Revenue Service and with most significant state, local and foreign tax jurisdictions.
In December 2017, an Act to Provide for Reconciliation Pursuant to Titles II and V of the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2018 (the “Act”) was enacted. The Act included provisions that reduced the federal statutory income tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent, created a territorial tax system with a one-time mandatory tax on previously deferred foreign earnings (i.e. transition tax), and changed certain business deductions including allowing for immediate expensing of certain qualified capital expenditures and limitations on deductions of interest expense. The SEC staff issued guidance on income tax accounting for the Act which allowed companies to record provisional amounts during a measurement period not to extend beyond one year of the enactment date. In accordance with this guidance, during fiscal year 2018, we recorded a provisional tax charge of $5.0 million for the transition tax and a provisional tax benefit of $74.6 million for the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities. During fiscal year 2019, we recorded a discrete tax benefit of $0.2 million in measurement period adjustments for the transition tax offset by a discrete tax charge of $0.2 million for the remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities. Our accounting for the impact of the Act was completed as of the period ending December 31, 2018. Under the Act, the transition tax is being paid over an eight year period beginning in fiscal year 2019.
The Act also established new tax provisions that became effective in fiscal year 2019, including but not limited to eliminating the corporate alternative minimum tax, creating the base erosion anti-abuse tax (“BEAT”), establishing new limitations on deductible interest expense and certain executive compensation, creating a new provision designed to tax global intangible low-tax income (“GILTI”) and generally eliminating U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries. The Company has made an accounting policy election to treat the tax effect of GILTI as a current period expense when incurred.
Undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, totaling $77.8 million were considered permanently reinvested. Following enactment of the Act, the repatriation of cash to the U.S. is generally no longer taxable for federal income tax purposes. If these earnings were to be repatriated, approximately $0.3 million of tax expense would be incurred.
Question:
In which years was the amount of deferred tax liabilities, net calculated?
Answer: 2019, 2018