Table:
| € million | 2017/2018 | 2018/2019 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| EBT (earnings before taxes) | 576 | 709 |
| Expected income tax expenses (30.53%) | 176 | 216 |
| Effects of differing national tax rates | −58 | −62 |
| Tax expenses and income relating to other periods | −21 | −6 |
| Non-deductible business expenses for tax purposes | 41 | 51 |
| Effects of not recognised or impaired deferred taxes | 79 | 114 |
| Additions and reductions for local taxes | 11 | 13 |
| Tax holidays | −14 | −39 |
| Other deviations | 3 | 5 |
| Income tax expenses according to the income statement | 216 | 298 |
| Group tax rate | 37.6% | 42.0% |
Paragraphs:
Applying the German group tax rate to the reported pre-tax result would result in an income tax expense of €216 million (2017/18: €176 million). The deviation of €81 million (2017/18: €40 million) from the reported tax expense of €298 million (2017/18: €216 million) can be reconciled as follows:
1 Adjustment of previous year according to explanation in notes.
The item ‘effects of differing national tax rates’ includes a deferred tax revenue of €6 million (2017/18: €23 million) from tax rate changes.
Tax expenses and income relating to other periods of the previous year include a repayment of approximately €20 million because of a retrospective change in foreign law in 2018.
Tax holidays for the current year include effects from real estate transactions in the amount of €30 million (2017/18: €2 million).
Question:
What does the item ‘effects of differing national tax rates’ include?
Answer: a deferred tax revenue of €6 million (2017/18: €23 million) from tax rate changes.