Table:
|  |  | Fiscal Years Ended March 31, |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
| Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (1) | $131,731 | $120,761 | $71,667 |
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (147,012) | 102,364 | (25,598) |
| Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (56,657) | (55,798) | (125) |
| Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on cash (2) | (6,990) | 9,745 | (1,174) |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | $(78,928) | $177,072 | $44,770 |
Paragraphs:
Cash and cash equivalents decreased by $78.9 million during the year ended March 31, 2019, as compared to an increase of $177.1 million during the year ended March 31, 2018 and an increase of $44.8 million during the year ended March 31, 2017 as follows (amounts in thousands):
(1) Fiscal years ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 adjusted due to the adoption of ASC 606.
(2) Fiscal year ended March 31, 2018 adjusted due to the adoption of ASC 606.
Operating Cash Flow Activities
During fiscal years 2019, 2018, and 2017, cash provided by operating activities totaled $131.7 million, $120.8 million, and $71.7 million, respectively. During fiscal year 2019, cash provided by operating activities was positively impacted by our net income of $206.6 million, a $7.7 million increase in accounts payable, and a $1.0 million decrease in accrued income taxes. Operating cash flows were negatively impacted by a $70.6 million decrease in other operating liabilities, a $42.8 million increase in inventories, an $8.9 million increase in accounts receivable, and a $4.4 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets. The decrease in other operating liabilities was driven by a $46.3 million decrease in accruals for TOKIN anti-trust fines and a $7.8 million decrease in restructuring liabilities. The increase in inventory is due to increased customer demand.
During fiscal year 2018, cash provided by operating activities was positively impacted by our net income of $254.1 million. Excluding the acquired balances from TOKIN, operating cash flows were also positively impacted by a $30.2 million decrease in accounts receivable, a $4.3 million decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets, and a $1.3 million increase in accrued income taxes. Excluding the acquired balances from TOKIN, operating cash flows were negatively impacted by a $16.1 million decrease in accounts payable and a $13.8 million increase in inventories.
During fiscal year 2017, cash provided by operating activities was positively impacted by our net income of $47.2 million, a $16.8 million decrease in inventories, a $6.2 million increase in accounts payable, and a $1.7 million increase in other operating liabilities. Operating cash flows were negatively impacted by a $2.6 million increase in accounts receivable and a $1.8 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets.
Investing Cash Flow Activities
During fiscal years 2019, 2018, and 2017, cash provided by (used in) investing activities totaled $(147.0) million, $102.4 million, and $(25.6) million, respectively. During fiscal year 2019, cash used in investing activities included capital expenditures of $146.1 million, primarily related to expanding capacity at our manufacturing facilities in Mexico, Portugal, China, Thailand and Japan, as well as information technology projects in the United States and Mexico. $16.3 million of the $146.1 million in capital expenditures were related to the Customer Capacity Agreements. Additionally, the Company invested $4.0 million in the form of capital contributions to KEMET Jianghai and Novasentis. Offsetting these uses of cash, we had asset sales of $2.3 million and received dividends of $0.8 million.
During fiscal year 2018, cash provided by investing activities was primarily due to $164.0 million in net cash received attributable to the bargain purchase of TOKIN. Additionally, we had proceeds from asset sales of $3.6 million and received dividends of $2.7 million. This was partially offset by capital expenditures of $65.0 million, primarily related to expanding capacity at our manufacturing facilities in Mexico, Portugal, China, Thailand and Japan, as well as for information technology projects in the United States and Mexico. In addition, the Company invested $3.0 million in the form of capital contributions to Novasentis.
During fiscal year 2017, cash used in investing activities was primarily due to capital expenditures of $25.6 million, primarily related to expanding capacity at our manufacturing facilities in Mexico, Italy, Portugal, and China.
Financing Cash Flow Activities
During fiscal years 2019, 2018, and 2017, cash used in financing activities totaled $56.7 million, $55.8 million, and $0.1 million, respectively. During fiscal year 2019, the Company received $281.8 million in proceeds from the TOKIN Term Loan Facility, net of discount, bank issuance costs, and other indirect issuance costs, $13.4 million in proceeds from advances from customers, as described in the earlier section titled "Customer Advances", received proceeds on an interest free loan from the Portuguese Government of $1.1 million, and received $0.5 million in cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options. The Company made $344.5 million in payments on long term debt, including two quarterly principal payments on the Term Loan Credit Agreement of $4.3 million, for a total of $8.6 million, $323.4 million to repay the remaining balance on the Term Loan Credit Agreement, and one principal payment on the TOKIN Term Loan Facility of $12.4 million. An early payment premium on the Term Loan Credit Agreement used $3.2 million in cash. Lastly, the Company paid two quarterly cash dividends for a total of $5.8 million.
During fiscal year 2018, cash used in financing activities was impacted by the following payments: (i) $353.0 million to pay off the remaining outstanding balance of the 10.5% Senior Notes, (ii) $33.9 million to repay the remaining outstanding balance of the revolving line of credit, and (iii) three quarterly principal payments on the Term Loan Credit Agreement for $4.3 million each, for a total of $12.9 million. The Company received $329.7 million in proceeds from the Term Loan Credit Agreement, net of discount, bank issuance costs, and other indirect issuance costs, received proceeds from the exercise of stock warrants and stock options for $8.8 million and $5.2 million, respectively, and received $0.3 million in proceeds on an interest free loan from the Portuguese Government.
During fiscal year 2017, the Company made $0.1 million in net payments on long-term debt, had cash outflows of $1.1 million for the purchase of treasury stock, and received $1.1 million from the exercise of stock options.
Question:
What was the percentage change in the Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: (-78928-177072)/177072 = -144.57