Table:
| € millions | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Unused tax losses |  |  |  |
| Not expiring | 688 | 575 | 375 |
| Expiring in the following year | 63 | 7 | 9 |
| Expiring after the following year | 373 | 476 | 535 |
| Total unused tax losses | 1,124 | 1,058 | 919 |
| Deductible temporary differences | 538 | 509 | 524 |
| Unused research and development and foreign tax credits |  |  |  |
| Not expiring | 28 | 54 | 38 |
| Expiring in the following year | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Expiring after the following year | 17 | 18 | 34 |
| Total unused tax credits | 45 | 72 | 74 |
Paragraphs:
Items Not Resulting in a Deferred Tax Asset
Of the unused tax losses, €187 million (2018: €213 million; 2017: €263 million) relate to U.S. state tax loss carryforwards.
We have not recognized a deferred tax liability on approximately €17.41 billion (2018: €14.04 billion) for undistributed profits of our subsidiaries, because we are in a position to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that such differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
Question:
In which years were the total unused tax losses calculated?
Answer: 2019, 2018, 2017