Table:
| ($ and shares in millions except per share amounts) |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| For the year ended December 31: | 2019 | 2018 | Yr.-to-Yr. Percent/Margin Change** |
| Revenue | $ 77,147 | $ 79,591 | (3.1)%* |
| Gross profit margin | 47.3% | 46.4% | 0.9 pts. |
| Total expense and other (income) | $ 26,322 | $ 25,594 | 2.8% |
| Income from continuing operations before income taxes | $ 10,166 | $ 11,342 | (10.4)% |
| Provision for income taxes from continuing operations | $    731 | 2,619+ | (72.1)% |
| Income from continuing operations | $  9,435 | 8,723+ | 8.2% |
| Income from continuing operations margin | 12.2% | 11.0% | 1.3 pts. |
| Net income | $  9,431 | 8,728+ | 8.1% |
| Earnings per share from continuing operations—assuming dilution | $  10.57 | 9.51+ | 11.1% |
| Weighted-average shares outstanding—assuming dilution | 892.8 | 916.3 | (2.6)% |
| Assets++ | $152,186 | $123,382 | 23.3% |
| Liabilities++ | $131,202 | $106,452 | 23.2% |
| Equity++ | $ 20,985 | $ 16,929 | 24.0% |
Paragraphs:
MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION SNAPSHOT
* (1.0) percent adjusted for currency; 0.2 percent excluding divested businesses and adjusted for currency.
** 2019 results were impacted by Red Hat purchase accounting and acquisition-related activity.
+ Includes charges of $2.0 billion or $2.23 of diluted earnings per share in 2018 associated with U.S. tax reform.
++At December 31
Question:
What charges were included in 2018?
Answer: Includes charges of $2.0 billion or $2.23 of diluted earnings per share in 2018 associated with U.S. tax reform.