Table:
|  | As of December 31, |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | 2019 | 2018 |
| Post-retirement benefits | $1,100 | $1,061 |
| Inventory reserves | 708 | 1,236 |
| Loss carry-forwards | 4,724 | 4,647 |
| Credit carry-forwards | 15,964 | 16,909 |
| Accrued expenses | 4,932 | 5,685 |
| Research expenditures | 17,953 | 16,847 |
| Operating lease liabilities | 6,211 | — |
| Stock compensation | 2,232 | 2,142 |
| Foreign exchange loss | 1,986 | 2,245 |
| Other | 230 | 207 |
| Gross deferred tax assets | 56,040 | 50,979 |
| Depreciation and amortization | 12,453 | 11,500 |
| Pensions | 13,552 | 11,736 |
| Operating lease assets | 5,963 | — |
| Subsidiaries' unremitted earnings | 1,903 | 1,258 |
| Gross deferred tax liabilities | 33,871 | 24,494 |
| Net deferred tax assets | 22,169 | 26,485 |
| Deferred tax asset valuation allowance | (8,011) | (8,274) |
| Total net deferred tax assets | $14,158 | $18,211 |
Paragraphs:
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (in thousands, except for share and per share data)
NOTE 18 — Income Taxes
Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
Question:
What was the change in Research expenditures between 2018 and 2019?
Answer: 17953-16847 = 1106