Table:
|  | December 31, | December 31, |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | 2019 | 2018 |
|  | $ | $ |
| Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
| Vessels and equipment | 1,646 | 5,868 |
| Tax losses carried forward and disallowed finance costs (1) | 164,009 | 155,910 |
| Other | 19,674 | 10,545 |
| Total deferred tax assets | 185,329 | 172,323 |
| Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
| Vessels and equipment | 22,913 | 18,037 |
| Provisions | 6,512 | 5,588 |
| Other | — | 2,060 |
| Total deferred tax liabilities | 29,425 | 25,685 |
| Net deferred tax assets | 155,904 | 146,638 |
| Valuation allowance | (153,302) | (144,560) |
| Net deferred tax assets | 2,602 | 2,078 |
Paragraphs:
22. Income Taxes
Teekay and a majority of its subsidiaries are not subject to income tax in the jurisdictions in which they are incorporated because they do not conduct business or operate in those jurisdictions. However, among others, the Company’s U.K. and Norwegian subsidiaries are subject to income taxes.
The significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
(1) Substantially all of the Company's estimated net operating loss carryforwards of $878.3 million relates primarily to its U.K., Spanish, Norwegian and Luxembourg subsidiaries and, to a lesser extent, to its Australian subsidiaries.
The Company had estimated disallowed finance costs in Spain and Norway of approximately $15.1 million and $15.0 million, respectively, at December 31, 2019, which are available for 18 years and 10 years, respectively, from the year the costs are incurred for offset against future taxable income in Spain and Norway, respectively. The Company's estimated tax losses in Luxembourg are available for offset against taxable future income in Luxembourg, either indefinitely for losses arising prior to 2017, or for 17 years for losses arising subsequent to 2016.
Question:
Which subsidiaries are subject to income taxes?
Answer: the Company’s U.K. and Norwegian subsidiaries are subject to income taxes.