Table:
|  | Year Ended December 31, |  | % Change |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 |
|  |  | (dollars in thousands) |  |
| Income tax benefit | $(12,586) | $(6,653) | 89% |
| % of pre-tax loss | 39% | 20% |  |
Paragraphs:
Income Tax Provision (Benefit)
The income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $12.6 million or approximately 39% of pre-tax loss compared to an income tax benefit of $6.7 million or approximately 20% of pre-tax loss for the year ended December 31, 2018.
The income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2019 primarily related to the mix of pre-tax income among jurisdictions, discrete tax benefits related to stockbased compensation, and release of certain reserves for uncertain tax positions under ASC 740-10.
The income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2018 primarily related to a partial release of our valuation allowance and the mix of pre-tax income among jurisdictions, excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation, and release of uncertain tax positions under ASC 740-10.
Question:
In which year was income tax benefit lower than -10,000 thousands?