ssbuild/alpaca_dolly huggingface dataset:
Instruction: Locate the classification of Picasso's work over time on the text, extract including the description and the period, and place them in a bullet list
Context: Pablo Ruiz Picasso[a][b] (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th century, he is known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture,[8][9] the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and the anti-war painting Guernica (1937), a dramatic portrayal of the bombing of Guernica by German and Italian air forces during the Spanish Civil War.

Picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years, painting in a naturalistic manner through his childhood and adolescence. During the first decade of the 20th century, his style changed as he experimented with different theories, techniques, and ideas. After 1906, the Fauvist work of the older artist Henri Matisse motivated Picasso to explore more radical styles, beginning a fruitful rivalry between the two artists, who subsequently were often paired by critics as the leaders of modern art.[10][11][12][13]

Picasso's work is often categorized into periods. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1904–1906), the African-influenced Period (1907–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919), also referred to as the Crystal period. Much of Picasso's work of the late 1910s and early 1920s is in a neoclassical style, and his work in the mid-1920s often has characteristics of Surrealism. His later work often combines elements of his earlier styles.

Exceptionally prolific throughout the course of his long life, Picasso achieved universal renown and immense fortune for his revolutionary artistic accomplishments, and became one of the best-known figures in 20th-century art.
Response: Blue Period (1901–1904)
Rose Period (1904–1906)
African-influenced Period (1907–1909)
Analytic Cubism (1909–1912)
Synthetic Cubism or Crystal Period (1912–1919)
Surrealism (mid-1920s)
Instruction: From the passage list down the various continental confederations under FIFA. List the results in comma separated format.
Context: Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer,[a] is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is to score more goals than the opposing team by moving the ball beyond the goal line into a rectangular-framed goal defended by the opposing team. Traditionally, the game has been played over two 45-minute halves, for a total match time of 90 minutes. With an estimated 250 million players active in over 200 countries and territories, it is considered the world's most popular sport.

The game of association football is played in accordance with the Laws of the Game, a set of rules that has been in effect since 1863 and maintained by the IFAB since 1886. The game is played with a football that is 68–70 cm (27–28 in) in circumference. The two teams compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts and under the bar), thereby scoring a goal. When the ball is in play, the players mainly use their feet, but may use any other part of their body, except for their hands or arms, to control, strike, or pass the ball. Only the goalkeepers may use their hands and arms, and only then within the penalty area. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner. Depending on the format of the competition, an equal number of goals scored may result in a draw being declared, or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout.[5]

Internationally, association football is governed by FIFA. Under FIFA, there are six continental confederations: AFC, CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, OFC and UEFA. National associations (e.g. The FA or JFA) are responsible for managing the game in their own countries both professionally and at an amateur level, and coordinating competitions in accordance with the Laws of the Game. The most senior and prestigious international competitions are the FIFA World Cup and the FIFA Women's World Cup. The men's World Cup is the most-viewed sporting event in the world, surpassing the Olympic Games.[6] The two most prestigious competitions in European club football are the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Women's Champions League, which attract an extensive television audience throughout the world. The final of the men's tournament has been, in recent years, the most-watched annual sporting event in the world.[7]
Response: AFC, CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, OFC, UEFA
Instruction: Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}
Context: Formed in 1888, the program has 856 wins and claims 11 national championships, including 8 from the major wire-service (AP, Coaches'), heading into the 2022 season.[2] USC has had 13 undefeated seasons including 8 perfect seasons, and 39 conference championships. USC has produced eight Heisman Trophy winners, 81 first-team Consensus All-Americans, including 29 Unanimous selections, and 510 NFL draft picks, most all-time by any university,[3] USC has had 35 members inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, including former players Matt Leinart, O. J. Simpson, and Ronnie Lott and former coaches John McKay and Howard Jones. The Trojans boast 14 inductees in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, the most of any school, including Junior Seau, Bruce Matthews, Marcus Allen, and Ron Yary.[4] Among all colleges and universities, as of 2022, USC holds the all-time record for the most quarterbacks (17) and is tied with the University of Miami for the most wide receivers (40) to go on to play in the NFL.[5]
Response: • Matt Leinart
• O. J. Simpson
• Ronnie Lott
• John McKay
• Howard Jones
• Junior Seau
• Bruce Matthews
• Marcus Allen
• Ron Yary
Instruction: Extract the name and the release year of the albums of the rock band Pink Floyd. Place them  in a bullet list and separate name and year with a comma
Context: Pink Floyd are an English rock band formed in London in 1965. Gaining an early following as one of the first British psychedelic groups, they were distinguished by their extended compositions, sonic experimentation, philosophical lyrics and elaborate live shows. They became a leading band of the progressive rock genre, cited by some as the greatest progressive rock band of all time.

Pink Floyd were founded in 1965 by Syd Barrett (guitar, lead vocals), Nick Mason (drums), Roger Waters (bass guitar, vocals), and Richard Wright (keyboards, vocals). Under Barrett's leadership, they released two charting singles and the successful debut album The Piper at the Gates of Dawn (1967). The guitarist and vocalist David Gilmour joined in January 1968; Barrett left in April 1968 due to deteriorating mental health. Waters became the primary lyricist and thematic leader, devising the concepts behind Pink Floyd's most successful albums, The Dark Side of the Moon (1973), Wish You Were Here (1975), Animals (1977) and The Wall (1979). The musical film based on The Wall, Pink Floyd – The Wall (1982), won two BAFTA Awards. Pink Floyd also composed several film scores.

Following personal tensions, Wright left Pink Floyd in 1981, followed by Waters in 1985. Gilmour and Mason continued as Pink Floyd, rejoined later by Wright. They produced the albums A Momentary Lapse of Reason (1987) and The Division Bell (1994), backed by major tours, before entering a long hiatus. In 2005, all but Barrett reunited for a performance at the global awareness event Live 8. Barrett died in 2006, and Wright in 2008. The last Pink Floyd studio album, The Endless River (2014), was based on unreleased material from the Division Bell recording sessions. In 2022, Gilmour and Mason reformed Pink Floyd to release the song "Hey, Hey, Rise Up!" in protest of the Russo-Ukrainian War.

By 2013, Pink Floyd had sold more than 250 million records worldwide, making them one of the best-selling music artists of all time. The Dark Side of the Moon and The Wall were inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame,[1] and these albums and Wish You Were Here are among the best-selling albums of all time. Four Pink Floyd albums topped the US Billboard 200, and five topped the UK Albums Chart. Pink Floyd's hit singles include "See Emily Play" (1967), "Money" (1973), "Another Brick in the Wall, Part 2" (1979), "Not Now John" (1983), "On the Turning Away" (1987) and "High Hopes" (1994). They were inducted into the US Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. In 2008, Pink Floyd were awarded the Polar Music Prize in Sweden for their contribution to modern music.
Response: - The Piper at the Gates of Dawn,1967
- The Dark Side of the Moon,1973
- Wish You Were Here,1975
- Animals,1977
- The Wall,1979
- A Momentary Lapse of Reason,1987
- The Division Bell,1994
- The Endless River,2014
Instruction: From the passage identify the subtypes of Hepatovirus A. Display the results in comma separated format.
Context: Hepatovirus A is a species of virus in the order Picornavirales, family Picornaviridae, genus Hepatovirus. Humans and other vertebrates serve as natural hosts.[18][19]

Nine members of Hepatovirus are recognized.[20] These species infect bats, rodents, hedgehogs, and shrews. Phylogenetic analysis suggests a rodent origin for Hepatitis A.[citation needed]

A member virus of hepatovirus B (Phopivirus) has been isolated from a seal.[21][22] This virus shared a common ancestor with Hepatovirus A about 1800 years ago.[citation needed]

Another hepatovirus – Marmota himalayana hepatovirus – has been isolated from the woodchuck Marmota himalayana.[23] This virus appears to have had a common ancestor with the primate-infecting species around 1000 years ago.[citation needed]

One serotype and seven different genetic groups (four human and three simian) have been described.[24] The human genotypes are numbered I–III. Six subtypes have been described (IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB). The simian genotypes have been numbered IV–VI. A single isolate of genotype VII isolated from a human has also been described.[25] Genotype III has been isolated from both humans and owl monkeys. Most human isolates are of genotype I.[26] Of the type I isolates subtype IA accounts for the majority.

The mutation rate in the genome has been estimated to be 1.73–9.76 × 10−4 nucleotide substitutions per site per year.[27][28] The human strains appear to have diverged from the simian about 3600 years ago.[28] The mean age of genotypes III and IIIA strains has been estimated to be 592 and 202 years, respectively.[28]
Response: IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB
Instruction: From the given paragraph extract all the cities that got the rail along with the year in the format {City} - {Year} and show as a bullet list
Context: India's first passenger train, operated by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway and hauled by three steam locomotives (Sahib, Sindh and Sultan), ran for 34 kilometres (21 mi) with 400 people in 14 carriages on 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge track between Bori Bunder (Mumbai) and Thane on 16 April 1853.[13][14] The Thane viaducts, India's first railway bridges, were built over the Thane creek when the Mumbai-Thane line was extended to Kalyan in May 1854.[15] Eastern India's first passenger train ran 39 km (24 mi) from Howrah, near Kolkata, to Hoogly on 15 August 1854.[1] The first passenger train in South India ran 97 km (60 mi) from Royapuram-Veyasarapady (Madras) to Wallajaroad (Arcot) on 1 July 1856.[16]

On 24 February 1873, a horse-drawn 3.8 km (2.4 mi) tram opened in Calcutta between Sealdah and Armenian Ghat Street.[17] On 9 May 1874, a horse-drawn tramway began operation in Bombay between Colaba and Parel.[18] In 1879, the Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway was established which built several railway lines across the then Hyderabad State with Kachiguda Railway Station serving as its headquarters.[19][20] In 1897, lighting in passenger coaches was introduced by many railway companies. On 3 February 1925, the first electric passenger train in India ran between Victoria Terminus and Kurla.[21]
Response: Bori Bunder (Mumbai) - 1853
Thane - 1853
Howrah - 1854
Hoogly - 1854
Royapuram-Veyasarapady (Madras) - 1856
Wallajaroad (Arcot) - 1856
Sealdah - 1873
Armenian Ghat Street - 1873
Colaba - 1874
Parel - 1874
Kachiguda - 1879
Victoria Terminus - 1925
Kurla - 1925
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Selena Gomez, where did her first name come from?
Context: Selena Marie Gomez was born on July 22, 1992, in Grand Prairie, Texas,[1] to Ricardo Joel Gomez and Texas-born[2] former stage actress Mandy Teefey.[3] She was named after Tejano singer Selena Quintanilla, who died in 1995.[4][5] Her father is of Mexican descent, while her mother, who was adopted, has Italian ancestry.[6][7][8] Gomez's paternal grandparents emigrated to Texas from Monterrey in the 1970s.[9] Of her heritage, Gomez has said she is "a proud third-generation American-Mexican"[10] and "My family does have quinceañeras, and we go to the communion church. We do everything that's Catholic, but we don't really have anything traditional except go to the park and have barbecues on Sundays after church."[11] Gomez was fluent in Spanish until age seven.[9] Her parents divorced when she was five years old, and she remained with her mother.[3][12] Gomez has two younger half-sisters and a younger stepbrother: Gracie Elliot Teefey, through Mandy and her second husband, Brian Teefey,[13][14] and Victoria "Tori" and Marcus Gomez, through Ricardo and his second wife, Sara.[15] She earned her high-school diploma through homeschooling in May 2010.[16]
Response: Selena Gomez was named after Selena Quintanilla, a Tejano singer.
Instruction: From the text, give me a short list of people the musician Bruce Gilbert collaborated with.
Context: Bruce Clifford Gilbert (born 18 May 1946) is an English musician. One of the founding members of the influential and experimental art punk band Wire,[1] he branched out into electronic music, performance art, music production, and DJing during the band's extended periods of inactivity. He left Wire in 2004, and has since been focusing on solo work and collaborations with visual artists and fellow experimental musicians.

Wire released three albums between 1976 and 1979, Pink Flag, Chairs Missing and 154, before temporarily disbanding after a show at London's Electric Ballroom at the start of 1980. At this time, Gilbert formed a series of bands/projects with Wire's bassist, Graham Lewis, including Cupol, Dome, P'o, and Duet Emmo.[1] Gilbert's collaborations with Lewis were experimental, featuring ambient music and found sounds.[7] Dome performed at art galleries with visual displays that allowed audience interactivity. Gilbert and Lewis performed with tubes made of paper over their heads, thus restricting their vision. Artist Russell Mills frequently collaborated with Dome.[8] In 1980, Gilbert and Lewis produced The The's debut single "Black & White/Controversial Subject" for 4AD, as well as the single "Drop/So" by A.C. Marias for their own Dome label.[9] Between 8 and 31 August 1981, Gilbert, Lewis, and Mills took over London's Waterloo Gallery and produced MZUI, an interactive audio-visual installation where visitors were encouraged to play a number of instruments created by the artists from objects found on the site.[10][11] The MZUI album, released by Cherry Red in May 1982, contains two untitled pieces based on recordings from the venue, finishing with the looped and distorted voice of Marcel Duchamp,[10][11] whom Gilbert considers a key influence.[12] Gilbert's experimental piece "Children", released in 1983 by Touch, features his parents talking about significant events from their childhood.[13]
Response: Bruce Gilbert collaborated with a number of people, including Wire's bassist Graham Lewis, Marcel Duchamp, and Russel Mills. Bruce Gilbert also collaborated with other members of the band Wire.
Instruction: What is an ice pop?
Context: An ice pop is a liquid-based frozen snack on a stick.[1] Unlike ice cream or sorbet, which are whipped while freezing to prevent ice crystal formation, an ice pop is "quiescently" frozen—frozen while at rest—and becomes a solid block of ice. The stick is used as a handle to hold it. Without a stick, the frozen product would be a freezie.

An ice pop is also referred to as a popsicle in Canada and the United States, flash in Algeria, paleta in Mexico, the Southwestern United States and parts of Latin America, ice lolly in the United Kingdom (the term ice pop refers to a freezie in the United Kingdom), ice drop in the Philippines, ice gola in India, ice candy in India and Japan, ai tim tang or ice cream tang in Thailand (though both words is also colloquially used to refer to ice cream bar), and kisko in the Caribbean. The term icy pole is often used in Australia, but is a brand name for a specific type, so ice block is also used.
Response: An ice-pop is a frozen dessert. It is served on a stick, and is made from sweetened liquid that frozen as a block of ice.
Instruction: What is Augusta National Golf Club?
Context: Augusta National Golf Club, sometimes referred to as Augusta or the National, is a golf club in Augusta, Georgia, United States. Unlike most private clubs which operate as non-profits,[1] Augusta National is a for-profit corporation, and it does not disclose its income, holdings, membership list, or ticket sales.[5]

Founded by Bobby Jones and Clifford Roberts, the course was designed by Jones and Alister MacKenzie[3] and opened for play in 1932.[5] Since 1934, the club has played host to the annual Masters Tournament, one of the four men's major championships in professional golf, and the only major played each year at the same course. It was the top-ranked course in Golf Digest's 2009 list of America's 100 greatest courses[6] and was the number ten-ranked course based on course architecture on Golfweek Magazine's 2011 list of best classic courses in the United States.[7]

In 2019, the course began co-hosting the Augusta National Women's Amateur with Champions Retreat Golf Club.[8]
Response: It is a for-profit, private golf club located in Augusta, Georgia. It opened in 1932 and hosts the Masters Tournament every year. It is a top-ranked course and does not disclose its earnings or member list.
Instruction: What's the moroccan biodiversity ?
Context: Morocco has a wide range of biodiversity. It is part of the Mediterranean basin, an area with exceptional concentrations of endemic species undergoing rapid rates of habitat loss, and is therefore considered to be a hotspot for conservation priority.[70] Avifauna are notably variant.[71] The avifauna of Morocco includes a total of 454 species, five of which have been introduced by humans, and 156 are rarely or accidentally seen.[72]

The Barbary lion, hunted to extinction in the wild, was a subspecies native to Morocco and is a national emblem.[2] The last Barbary lion in the wild was shot in the Atlas Mountains in 1922.[73] The other two primary predators of northern Africa, the Atlas bear and Barbary leopard, are now extinct and critically endangered, respectively. Relict populations of the West African crocodile persisted in the Draa river until the 20th century.[74]

The Barbary macaque, a primate endemic to Morocco and Algeria, is also facing extinction due to offtake for trade[75] human interruption, urbanisation, wood and real estate expansion that diminish forested area – the macaque's habitat.

Trade of animals and plants for food, pets, medicinal purposes, souvenirs and photo props is common across Morocco, despite laws making much of it illegal.[76][77] This trade is unregulated and causing unknown reductions of wild populations of native Moroccan wildlife. Because of the proximity of northern Morocco to Europe, species such as cacti, tortoises, mammal skins, and high-value birds (falcons and bustards) are harvested in various parts of the country and exported in appreciable quantities, with especially large volumes of eel harvested – 60 tons exported to the Far East in the period 2009‒2011.[78]
Response: Morocco has a large variety of Biodiversity. It has an exceptional concentrations of endemic species. The avifauna includes a total of hundred species. The Barbary lion was a subspecies native to Morocco. The other two primary predators of northern Africa, the Atlas bear and Barbary leopard, are now extinct and critically endangered, respectively
The Barbary macaque a primate endemic to Morocco.
Instruction: Given a reference text about Anne Elizabeth Howells, tell me the names' of her parents and how she died.
Context: Anne Elizabeth Howells (12 January 1941 – 18 May 2022) was a British operatic mezzo-soprano.

Biography
Howells was born in Southport, Lancashire on 12 January 1941, the daughter of Trevor Howells and Mona Howells (née Hewart).[1][2] She was educated at Sale Grammar School, where her teachers included Alfred Higson. She further studied music at the Royal Manchester College of Music (now the Royal Northern College of Music),[2] where her teachers included Frederic Cox.[3] Howells continued singing studies with Vera Rózsa.[3]

Howells sang in productions at Glyndebourne, the Royal Opera House, and with the Metropolitan Opera in New York, the Lyric Opera of Chicago, the opera houses of both San Francisco and Los Angeles, the four Parisian opera houses, the Grand Théâtre de Genève, the Salzburger Festspiele, the Vienna Staatsoper, the Carnegie Hall, and the Musikverein of Vienna. She sang in the premieres of Rolf Liebermann's Forêt (as Régine),[4] Nicholas Maw's The Rising of the Moon (as Cathleen)[1] and of Richard Rodney Bennett's Victory (as Lena).[3] Following her retirement from public performance, Howells taught at the Royal Academy of Music.[4]
Response: Anne Elizabeth Howells parents are Trevor and Mona Howells. She died from myeloma.
Instruction: Who were supporters of Quit India movement?
Context: The Quit India Movement, also known as the Bharat Chhodo Andolan, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8th August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British rule in India.

After the British failed to secure Indian support for the British war effort with Cripps Mission, Gandhi made a call to Do or Die in his Quit India movement delivered in Bombay on 8 August 1942 at the Gowalia Tank Maidan.[5] Viceroy Linlithgow remarked the movement to be "by far the most serious rebellion since 1857".[6][7]

The All India Congress Committee launched a mass protest demanding what Gandhi called "An Orderly British Withdrawal" from India. Even though it was at war, the British were prepared to act. Almost the entire leadership of the Indian National Congress was imprisoned without trial within hours of Gandhi's speech. Most spent the rest of the war in prison and out of contact with the masses. The British had the support of the Viceroy's Council, of the All India Muslim League, the Hindu Mahasabha, the princely states, the Indian Imperial Police, the British Indian Army, and the Indian Civil Service. Many Indian businessmen profiting from heavy wartime spending did not support the Quit India Movement. The major outside support came from the Americans, as President Franklin D. Roosevelt pressured Prime Minister Winston Churchill to give in to some of the Indian demands.[8]

Various violent incidents took place around the country against the British regime. The British arrested tens of thousands of leaders, keeping them imprisoned until 1945. Ultimately, the British government realised that India was ungovernable in the long run, and the question for the postwar era became how to exit gracefully and peacefully.
Response: Indian National Congress
American president Franklin D Roosevelt
Instruction: Given a reference text about the Dormouse, in which novel is it a character?
Context: The Dormouse is a character in "A Mad Tea-Party", Chapter VII [1] from the 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll.

The Dormouse sat between the March Hare and the Mad Hatter. They were using him as a cushion while he slept when Alice arrives at the start of the chapter.

The Dormouse is always falling asleep during the scene, waking up every so often, for example to say:

`You might just as well say,' added the Dormouse, who seemed to be talking in his sleep, that "I breathe when I sleep" is the same thing as "I sleep when I breathe"!'

He also tells a story about three young sisters who live in a treacle well, live on treacle, and draw pictures of things beginning with M, such as mousetraps, memory and muchness.

He later appears, equally sleepy, at the Knave of Hearts' trial and voices resentment at Alice for growing, and his last interaction with any character is his being "suppressed" (amongst other things) by the Queen for shouting out that tarts are made of treacle.
Response: The Dormouse is a character in the novel "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland".
Instruction: From the passage provided, display a list of reviews in the format: {Reviewer name} - {Review}
Context: Pocket Bowling received mixed reviews. Craig Harris of IGN stated that Pocket Bowling was "definitely the winner" of Game Boy Color bowling games, compared to 10 Pin Bowling, praising the "effort (that) went in to making the game as complete as possible" with several game modes.[1] Game Boy Xtreme positively assessed the game as "surprisingly playable".[4] In a negative review for Total Game Boy, Jem Roberts stated "there's very little to the graphics at all" and "there's hardly anything to the game itself", expecting a greater "challenge or sense of competition".[5] Brett Alan Weiss of Allgame similarly praised the lack of difficulty, stating "it's a shame Pocket Bowling is such an easy game to master. It has crisp graphics and a professional but fun presentation. The playfield is laid out well, the controls are tight and the pins behave realistically. This would have been a fun game to play when standing in line at the bank or waiting for a lane on league night. Unfortunately, the game is not worth more than a rental."[2]
Response: Craig Harris (IGN) - Pocket Bowling was "definitely the winner" of Game Boy Color bowling games. Praising the "effort (that) went in to making the game as complete as possible"
Game Boy Xtreme - "surprisingly playable"
Jem Roberts (Total Game Boy) - "there's very little to the graphics at all" and "there's hardly anything to the game itself"
Brett Alan Weiss (Allgame) - "it's a shame Pocket Bowling is such an easy game to master. It has crisp graphics and a professional but fun presentation. The playfield is laid out well, the controls are tight and the pins behave realistically. This would have been a fun game to play when standing in line at the bank or waiting for a lane on league night. Unfortunately, the game is not worth more than a rental."
Instruction: Given this paragraph about bull sharks, how long are adult female adult sharks in feet?
Context: Bull sharks are large and stout, with females being larger than males. The bull shark can be up to 81 cm (2 ft 8 in) in length at birth.[11] Adult female bull sharks average 2.4 m (8 ft) long and typically weigh 130 kg (290 lb), whereas the slightly smaller adult male averages 2.25 m (7 ft) and 95 kg (209 lb). While a maximum size of 3.5 m (11 ft) is commonly reported, a single record exists of a female specimen of exactly 4.0 m (13 ft).[4][12][13] A 3.25 m (10.7 ft) long pregnant individual reached 450 kg (990 lb).[14] Bull sharks are wider and heavier than other requiem sharks of comparable length, and are grey on top and white below. The second dorsal fin is smaller than the first. The bull shark's caudal fin is longer and lower than that of the larger sharks, and it has a small snout, and lacks an interdorsal ridge.[11]
Response: Adult female bull sharks average 8 feet long.
Instruction: Based on this passage, please provide a bullet-point list of the processes used to prepare semiconducting materials for integrated circuits (ICs).
Context: There is a combination of processes that are used to prepare semiconducting materials for ICs. One process is called thermal oxidation, which forms silicon dioxide on the surface of the silicon. This is used as a gate insulator and field oxide. Other processes are called photomasks and photolithography. This process is what creates the patterns on the circuit in the integrated circuit. Ultraviolet light is used along with a photoresist layer to create a chemical change that generates the patterns for the circuit.[4]

The etching is the next process that is required. The part of the silicon that was not covered by the photoresist layer from the previous step can now be etched. The main process typically used today is called plasma etching. Plasma etching usually involves an etch gas pumped in a low-pressure chamber to create plasma. A common etch gas is chlorofluorocarbon, or more commonly known Freon. A high radio-frequency voltage between the cathode and anode is what creates the plasma in the chamber. The silicon wafer is located on the cathode, which causes it to be hit by the positively charged ions that are released from the plasma. The result is silicon that is etched anisotropically.[1][4]

The last process is called diffusion. This is the process that gives the semiconducting material its desired semiconducting properties. It is also known as doping. The process introduces an impure atom to the system, which creates the p–n junction. To get the impure atoms embedded in the silicon wafer, the wafer is first put in a 1,100 degree Celsius chamber. The atoms are injected in and eventually diffuse with the silicon. After the process is completed and the silicon has reached room temperature, the doping process is done and the semiconducting material is ready to be used in an integrated circuit.[1][4]
Response: -Thermal oxidation
-Photomasks/photolithography
-Etching (mainly plasma etching)
-Diffusion/doping
Instruction: Given a reference text about Sean Dunphy, tell me where he is buried.
Context: Sean Dunphy (30 November 1937 – 17 May 2011) was an Irish singer who represented Ireland at the 1967 Eurovision Song Contest, achieving second place with "If I Could Choose". He was also the first Irish singer to record in Nashville.[1]

Career
Born in Whitehall, Dublin, Dunphy first became famous in his home country as lead singer with The Hoedowners, a showband led by trumpeter Earl Gill.[2] Between 1966 and 1973, fourteen singles by Sean Dunphy and The Hoedowners entered the Irish Charts including, in 1969, two number ones: "Lonely Woods of Upton" and "When The Fields Were White With Daisies". In the late 1970s, Dunphy went on to have two further hits as a solo artist.

Despite undergoing a quadruple heart bypass operation in 2007, Sean Dunphy continued to give live performances.[3] In March 2009, he sang many of his greatest hits in a one-off concert at Dublin's National Concert Hall.[4] His last public engagement was at a charity event twenty-four hours before his death.[5]

Dunphy died at his home in Baldoyle, County Dublin and is buried at Greenogue cemetery in Ashbourne, County Meath.[6]

Sean Dunphy and his wife Lily had four children. His son Brian is a member of the Irish band, The High Kings.[5]
Response: Sean Dunphy is buried at Greenogue cemetery in Ashbourne, County Meath.
Instruction: From the passage note down the awards won by Babaluku. List the results in comma separated format.
Context: Babaluku, born Silas Babaluku Balabyekkubo, is a Ugandan rapper, musician, producer, community youth activist and social entrepreneur who raps in Luganda. He is a member of the Bataka Squad.[1][2] He is the founder of "the Bavubuka Foundation which equips the youth with leadership skills". He is one of the pioneers of "Lugaflow" which is rap music in Luganda.[3] He was featured in a 2008 documentary "Diamonds in the Rough: A Ugandan Hip-hop Revolution" that covered his journey from his crew’s early days of performing in Uganda to performing in at festivals in the United States of America.[4]Early life and educationBababuluku was born in Kampala, Uganda in 1979. He is the first born of eight children to the late Pastor Deo Balabaekubo and Mrs Christine Balabyekubo.[5] He went to Emen Memorial and Molly and Paul Primary schools in Makindye and eventually left for Canada when he was 12 years old. He is a graduate of sound engineering from British Columbia academy in Vancouver.[6]MusicBabaluku started his music career in 1994. He is one of the pioneers of Lugaflow, which is rap in Luganda. He has a number of awards including a Pearl of Africa Award for Best Hip Hop Single and Buzz Teen Awards for Best Hip Hop Artist. The documentary "Diamonds in the Rough" in which he featured, won the Audience Choice Award at Dances With Films Festival and Best Feature Documentary at Peace on Earth Film Festival. In 2010 Babaluku was honored by the Ugandan Cultural Association for his Excellence and also chosen as Pioneer of the Year by the Words Beats & Life Remix Teach-In Awards.[7]
Response: Pearl of Africa Award, Buzz Teen Awards, Audience Choice Award at Dances With Films Festival,Best Feature Documentary at Peace on Earth Film Festival, Honored by the Ugandan Cultural Association for his Excellence, Chosen as Pioneer of the Year by the Words Beats & Life Remix Teach-In Awards
Instruction: Tell me about Clarence Adams
Context: Clarence Richard Adams (born July 6, 1974) is an American former professional boxer. He has won a world title in the Super Bantamweight weight division.

Professional career
Adams turned pro in 1990, at the age of 16.[1] In 2000 defeated Néstor Garza for the WBA super bantamweight title by unanimous decision. In his first defense he beat Andres Fernandez by 6th-round TKO. The fight ended when the referee stopped the fight and the ringside physician, Armando Sanchez, determined that Fernandez could not continue due to cuts.

Adams defended the title one more time before vacating to fight Paulie Ayala. He lost the bout by split decision in 2001, and also lost a rematch in 2002. Adams retired in 2003 after drawing with journeyman Manuel Sepeda, but returned to boxing in 2006. On June 12, 2009, Adams defeated veteran Alex "Ali" Baba in an 8th-round TKO.

His last match was in 2010, a fourth-round technical knockout loss to Edel Ruiz, which brought Adams’ record to 44-7-4 with 20 knockouts and 1 no contest.[2]

In 2015, Adams was ordered to spend half a year behind bars after pleading guilty to being part of a group of people involved with drug trafficking, fraud and prostitution. Adams, who was a driver for the limousine company accused of the criminal activity, “admitted to playing a small role in the prostitution and drug dealing portions of the scheme.”[3]

Adams now owns Bones Adams Gym in Las Vegas, a boxing training center. He played a key role in helping Blair Cobbs becoming a professional boxer.[4] As of September 2021, Adams is now training Amir Khan's first-ever signing and protege, Tal Singh, a former England amateur champion, who he is hoping to guide towards a historic world title triumph.[5] Adams also trains Shane Mosley Jr. in his Las Vegas gym.[6]
Response: Clarence Richard Adams (born July 6, 1974) is an American former professional boxer who has won a world title in the Super Bantamweight weight division. He turned pro in 1990 at the age of 16. In 2000, he unanimously defeated Néstor Garza for the WBA super bantamweight title. In his first defence, he beat Andres Fernandez by 6th-round TKO. He defended the title one more time before vacating to fight Paulie Ayala. He retired in 2003 after drawing with journeyman Manuel Sepeda but returned to boxing in 2006. In 2009, he defeated veteran Alex "Ali" Baba in an 8th-round TKO. His last match was in 2010, a fourth-round technical knockout loss to Edel Ruiz. In 2015, Adams was ordered to spend half a year behind bars after pleading guilty to being part of a group of people involved with drug trafficking, fraud and prostitution. He now owns Bones Adams Gym in Las Vegas and is currently training Amir Khan's first-ever signing and protege, Tal Singh.
Instruction: Jot down some important points about optical illusion from the given passage.
Context: In visual perception, an optical illusion (also called a visual illusion ) is an illusion caused by the visual
system and characterized by a visual percept that arguably appears to differ from reality. Illusions come
in a wide variety; their categorization is difficult because the underlying cause is often not clear but a
classification proposed by Richard Gregory is useful as an orientation. According to that, there are three
main classes: physical, physiological, and cognitive illusions, and in each class there are four kinds:
Ambiguities, distortions, paradoxes, and fictions. A classical example for a physical distortion would be
the apparent bending of a stick half immerged in water; an example for a physiological paradox is
the motion aftereffect (where, despite movement, position remains unchanged). An example for a
physiological fiction is an afterimage. Three typical cognitive distortions are the  Ponzo , Poggendorff,
and Müller-Lyer illusion. Physical illusions are caused by the physical environment, e.g. by the optical
properties of water. Physiological illusions arise in the eye or the visual pathway, e.g. from the effects of
excessive stimulation of a specific receptor type. [4]  Cognitive visual illusions are the result of unconscious
inferences and are perhaps those most widely known.
Response: 1. Visual Illusion is caused by the visual system and characterized by a visual percept that appears
to be different from reality.
2. According to Richard Gregory a classification proposed by him is useful as an orientation that,
there are three main classes: physical, physiological, and cognitive illusions, and in each class
there are four kinds: Ambiguities, distortions, paradoxes, and fictions.
3. An example for a physical distortion would be the apparent bending of a stick half immerged in
water; an example for a physiological paradox is the motion aftereffect (where, despite
movement, position remains unchanged). 
4. An example for a physiological fiction is an afterimage
5. Three cognitive distortions are the  Ponzo , Poggendorff, and Müller-Lyer illusion.
6. Physical illusions are caused by the physical environment, e.g. by the optical properties of
water. Physiological illusions arise in the eye or the visual pathway.
7. The most widely know illusion is visual illusions which are the result of unconscious inferences.
Instruction: From the text below, extract the year and the VR headset and the company that released it in the format {Year}-{Headset Name}-{Company} and place them in a bullet list
Context: In 2016, HTC shipped its first units of the HTC Vive SteamVR headset.[52] This marked the first major commercial release of sensor-based tracking, allowing for free movement of users within a defined space.[53] A patent filed by Sony in 2017 showed they were developing a similar location tracking technology to the Vive for PlayStation VR, with the potential for the development of a wireless headset.[54] In 2019, Oculus released the Oculus Rift S and a standalone headset, the Oculus Quest. These headsets utilized inside-out tracking compared to external outside-in tracking seen in previous generations of headsets.[55] Later in 2019, Valve released the Valve Index. Notable features include a 130° field of view, off-ear headphones for immersion and comfort, open-handed controllers which allow for individual finger tracking, front facing cameras, and a front expansion slot meant for extensibility.[56]

In 2020, Oculus released the Oculus Quest 2. Some new features include a sharper screen, reduced price, and increased performance. Facebook (which became Meta a year later) initially required user to log in with a Facebook account in order to use the new headset.[57] In 2021 the Oculus Quest 2 accounted for 80% of all VR headsets sold.[58] Robinson R22 Virtual Reality Training Device developed by VRM Switzerland[59] In 2021, EASA approved the first Virtual Reality based Flight Simulation Training Device. The device, for rotorcraft pilots, enhances safety by opening up the possibility of practicing risky maneuvers in a virtual environment. This addresses a key risk area in rotorcraft operations,[60] where statistics show that around 20% of accidents occur during training flights.

In 2023, Sony released the Playstation VR2, a follow-up to their 2016 headset. Playstation VR2 comes with inside-out tracking, higher-resolution displays, controllers with adaptive triggers and haptic feedback, and a wider field-of-view.[61]
Response: 2016 - HTC Vive SteamVR - HTC
2019 - Oculus Rift S - Oculus
2019 - Oculus Quest - Oculus
2019 - Valve Index - Valve
2020 - Oculus Quest 2 - Oculus
2021 - Robinson R22 Virtual Reality Training Device - VRM Switzerland
2023 - Playstation VR2 - Sony
Instruction: Why was the iPhone such a successful product?
Context: Apple rejected the "design by committee" approach that had yielded the Motorola ROKR E1, a largely unsuccessful "iTunes phone" made in collaboration with Motorola. Among other deficiencies, the ROKR E1's firmware limited storage to only 100 iTunes songs to avoid competing with Apple's iPod nano.[13][14] Cingular gave Apple the liberty to develop the iPhone's hardware and software in-house, a rare practice at the time,[15][16] and paid Apple a fraction of its monthly service revenue (until the iPhone 3G),[17] in exchange for four years of exclusive U.S. sales, until 2011.

The iPhone was the first mobile phone with multi-touch technology.[4] Since the iPhone's launch, it gained larger screen sizes, video-recording, waterproofing, and many accessibility features. Up to iPhone 8 and 8 Plus, iPhones had a single button on the front panel with the Touch ID fingerprint sensor. Since iPhone X, iPhone models have switched to a nearly bezel-less front screen design with Face ID facial recognition, and app switching activated by gestures. Touch ID is still used for the budget iPhone SE series.
Response: The iPhone did away with physical keyboards and instead introduced a multi-touch screen which didn't require a stylus. The iPhone software, iOS, was developed to take advantage of all hardware and design capabilities of the phone, including the touchscreen. Each application presented its customized input options on the touch screen. In addition, the iOS was flexible and expandable through the App Store, giving the iPhone  user a wide choice of third-party apps which were not known before. iPhone hardware quality was also a nice surprise to the users.
Instruction: Given a reference text about Hanlon's razor, when did the adage become well-known?
Context: Hanlon's razor is an adage or rule of thumb that states, "Never attribute to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity."[1] Known in several other forms, it is a philosophical razor that suggests a way of eliminating unlikely explanations for human behavior. It is probably named after Robert J. Hanlon, who submitted the statement to Murphy's Law Book Two (1980).[1] Similar statements have been recorded since at least the 18th century.

Origin
A similar quotation appears in Robert A. Heinlein's novella Logic of Empire (1941).[2] The character "Doc" in Heinlein's story described the "devil theory" fallacy, explaining, "You have attributed conditions to villainy that simply result from stupidity."[3]

The quotation as such was a submission credited in print to Robert J. Hanlon of Scranton, Pennsylvania, for a compilation of various jokes related to Murphy's law that were published in Arthur Bloch's Murphy's Law Book Two: More Reasons Why Things Go Wrong! (1980).[1] It is unknown whether Hanlon knew of Heinlein's story or whether he independently constructed the phrase.[citation needed]

Hanlon's razor became well-known after its inclusion in the Jargon File, a glossary of computer programmer slang, since 1990.[4] Later that same year, the Jargon File editors noted lack of knowledge about the term's derivation and the existence of a similar epigram by William James, though this was possibly intended as a reference to William James Laidlay.[5][6] In 1996, the Jargon File entry on Hanlon's Razor noted the existence of the phrase in Heinlein's novella, with speculation that Hanlon's Razor might be a corruption of "Heinlein's Razor".[2] The link to Murphy's law was described in a pair of 2001 blog entries by Quentin Stafford-Fraser, citing emails from Joseph E. Bigler.[7][8] Subsequently, in 2002, the Jargon File entry noted the same.[9] Current Jargon File refers to it as a "Murphyism".[10]

The name was inspired by Occam's razor.[11]
Response: Hanlon's razor became well-known after its inclusion in the Jargon File, a glossary of computer programmer slang, since 1990.
Instruction: What was the Triceratops diet?
Context: Triceratops were herbivorous, and because of their low slung head, their primary food was probably low growing vegetation, although they may have been able to knock down taller plants with their horns, beak, and bulk.[31][59] The jaws were tipped with a deep, narrow beak, believed to have been better at grasping and plucking than biting.[43]

Triceratops teeth were arranged in groups called batteries, of 36 to 40 tooth columns in each side of each jaw, with 3 to 5 stacked teeth per column, depending on the size of the animal.[31] This gives a range of 432 to 800 teeth, of which only a fraction were in use at any given time (Tooth replacement was continuous throughout the life of the animal).[31] They functioned by shearing in a vertical to near-vertical orientation.[31] The great size and numerous teeth of Triceratops suggests that they ate large volumes of fibrous plant material, with some researchers suggesting palms and cycads,[60][61] and others suggesting ferns, which then grew in prairies.[62]
Response: The triceratops were herbivores and are believed to have eaten plants such as palms, cycads and ferns.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Museo Municipal Taurino Francisco Montes, where is it located?
Context: Museo Municipal Taurino Francisco Montes is located in Chiclana de la Frontera, in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia, southwestern Spain. Situated on San Agustín Street, the bullfighting museum is dedicated to the matador Francisco Montes Reina (1805–1851), nicknamed "Paquiro", who was born in this town. He is considered the most important 19th century bullfighter, because of his skill at the sport, on foot or on horseback. The bullfighting displays include pieces of great historical and artistic value. It was inaugurated in 2003 and founded by Pedro Leal Aragon who for seven years collected objects, souvenirs and bullfighting implements. One of its first events was a group show of the artists Antonio Vela, Carlos Quevedo, and Paloma Garcia. After a renovation, it re-opened in June 2005 with miniature models of the bullring in Ronda, a head bust of Paquiro, and an original painting by Antonio Cavanna.The expansion also housed Spain's most important bullfighting collection, Collection Sagnier, which was acquired by the city to improve the historical and artistic quality of the municipal bullfighting museum.[1] There are four rooms: bullfighting origins, Paquiro and his time, contemporary bullfighting, and the bull and the arts. The museum's garden is used for book presentations, press conferences, weddings and small concerts. It is closed on Sundays.
Response: Museo Municipal Taurino Francisco Montes is located in Chiclana de la Frontera, in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia, southwestern Spain.