ssanni/dolly-15k-RP huggingface dataset:
Instruction: Based on the given text, please tell me which region and country a Troll Cross originated in, and what its intent is.
Context: In Sweden, as well as Norway, a trollkors or troll cross is a bent piece of iron worn as an amulet to ward off malevolent magic, allegedly stemming from medieval Sweden. According to those claiming its authenticity it represented the Norse symbol of protection; thus if a Norseman wore this symbol, they believed that chances of falling into danger would decrease. However, although commonly thought of as a part of Swedish folklore, it was first created—as an item of jewelry—by the smith Kari Erlands from western Dalarna, sometime in the late 1990s. It was claimed to have been a copy of a protective rune found at her grandparents' farm, but this has not been verified. While it does bear some resemblance to the othala rune in Elder Futhark and Anglo-Saxon runic writing systems, it is more likely that Erlands mistook a Bumerke for a protective symbol.
Response: The Troll Cross originated in the western Dalarna region of Sweden. It is worn as an amulet or piece of jewelry to ward off malevolent magic.
Instruction: Given this paragraph about the Republic of Finland becoming a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) what year did it start a formal relations with NATO?
Context: Finland has had formal relations with NATO since 1994, when it joined the Partnership for Peace program, and has been a member of the European Union (EU), which largely overlaps with NATO in membership, since 1995.
Response: Finland has started the formal relationship with NATO in 1994 when it joined the Partnership for Peace program. However it wasn't a NATO member up until April 4 2023 when it became an official member of NATO.
Instruction: Change the following to past tense
Context: Yoo Ji-No is a South Korean football player who plays for Suwon FC.
Response: Yoo Ji-No was a South Korean football player who played for Suwon FC.
Instruction: What are some of the highest-rated episodes of The X-Files, based on viewer's ratings?
Response: According to IMDB, users on the site have ranked the following as the top ten episodes from The X-Files: Bad Blood, Clyde Bruckman's Final Repose, Anasazi, Dreamland, Musings of a Cigarette Smoking Man, Paper Clip, Redux II, The Erlenmeyer Flask, Jose Chung's From Outer Space, and Small Potatoes.
Instruction: What is the color of tennis balls?
Context: Tennis balls were originally made of cloth strips stitched together with thread and stuffed with feathers. Modern tennis balls are made of hollow vulcanized rubber with a felt coating. Traditionally white, the predominant colour was gradually changed to optic yellow in the latter part of the 20th century to allow for improved visibility. Tennis balls must conform to certain criteria for size, weight, deformation, and bounce to be approved for regulation play. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) defines the official diameter as 65.41–68.58 mm (2.575–2.700 in). Balls must weigh between 56.0 and 59.4 g (1.98 and 2.10 oz).
Response: Modern tennis balls are yellow.
Instruction: Provide me some details about United States attorneys with the given text as a reference.
Context: United States attorneys are officials of the U.S. Department of Justice who serve as the chief federal law enforcement officers in each of the 94 U.S. federal judicial districts. Each U.S. attorney serves as the United States' chief federal criminal prosecutor in their judicial district and represents the U.S. federal government in civil litigation in federal and state court within their geographic jurisdiction. U.S. attorneys must be nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate, after which they serve four-year terms.
Response: 1. In each of the 94 federal court districts in the United States, United States attorneys are representatives of the U.S. Department of Justice who act as the top federal law enforcement officials.
2. Each U.S. attorney represents the U.S. federal government in civil action in federal and state court within their geographic jurisdiction and acts as the country's top federal criminal prosecutor in their judicial district.
3. U.S. attorneys serve four-year terms after being appointed by the President and being confirmed by the Senate.
Instruction: Classify the following based on what kind of animals they are.
rodentia, chiroptera, lizards, primates, crocodiles, soricomorpha, turtles, snakes
Response: Reptiles- lizards, crocodiles, turtles, snakes
Mammals- rodentia, chiroptera, soricomorpha, primates
Instruction: What was the first functional submarine called?
Response: The Turtle was made of wood and used in the American Revolution.
Instruction: What are three popular mezzo-soprano arias?
Response: Three of the most commonly sung mezzo-soprano arias are:
"Habanera" from the opera Carmen by Bizet
"Voi che sapete" from the opera Le Nozze di Figaro by Mozart
"Che faro" from the opera Orfeo ed Euridice by Gluck
Instruction: Which medical tool was developed by Sanctorius in 1612
Response: Thermometer
Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a flying or aquatic animal: salmon, eagle, dolphin, whale, octopus, bat, goose
Response: Among the given list, salmon, dolphin, whale, octopus are aquatic animals whereas eagle, bat and goose are flying animals.
Instruction: In climbing, what is a hand jam?
Response: Hand jamming is a technique used in crack climbing used to support the climbers upper body. The climber places their hand in a crack, then flexes their thumb towards the palm to expand their hand, creating friction between the sides of the crack and the base of the thumb and back of the hand. There are many variations on the technique depending on the size of the climber, the size of the crack, and the circumstances of the route.
Instruction: What are good tips to drive in the snow?
Response: Driving in the snow can be a fun experience but it can be equally dangerous. Always prepare a medical kit and a bag of supplies such as potable water bottles, imperishable items, and a radio in case of emergencies. Make sure your vehicle has four wheel traction, and if necessary, install snow chains on the tires. If you find yourself in a snowstorm, drive extra carefully, and drive slow and safe until you obtain better visibility.
Instruction: What is Pinot Noir?
Context: Pinot noir (French: [pino nwaʁ]) is a red-wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. The name may also refer to wines created predominantly from pinot noir grapes. The name is derived from the French words for pine and black. The word pine alludes to the grape variety having tightly clustered, pinecone–shaped bunches of fruit.

Pinot noir is grown around the world, mostly in cooler climates, and the variety is chiefly associated with the Burgundy region of France. Pinot noir is now used to make red wines around the world, as well as champagne, sparkling white wines such as the Italian Franciacorta, and English sparkling wines. Regions that have gained a reputation for red pinot noir wines include the Willamette Valley of Oregon; the Carneros, Central Coast, Sonoma Coast, and Russian River AVAs of California; the Elgin and Walker Bay wine regions of South Africa; the Mornington Peninsula, Adelaide Hills, Great Southern, Tasmania, and Yarra Valley in Australia; and the Central Otago, Martinborough, and Marlborough wine regions of New Zealand. Pinot noir is the most planted varietal (38%) used in sparkling wine production in Champagne and other wine regions.
Response: Pinot noir (French: [pino nwaʁ]) is a red-wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. Pinot noir is grown around the world, mostly in cooler climates, and the variety is chiefly associated with the Burgundy region of France. Pinot noir is now used to make red wines around the world, as well as champagne, sparkling white wines such as the Italian Franciacorta, and English sparkling wines.
Instruction: Who was the US president when WWII ended?
Response: Harry S. Truman was the US president at the end of World War II
Instruction: Who was Henry Ford?
Response: Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist and business magnate. He was the founder of Ford Motor Company, and chief developer of the assembly line technique of mass production. Ford created the first automobile that middle-class Americans could afford, and his conversion of the automobile from an expensive luxury into an accessible conveyance profoundly impacted the landscape of the 20th century.

Ford was born on a farm in Michigan's Springwells Township to a Belgian family, leaving home at age 16 to work in Detroit. It was a few years before this time that Ford first experienced automobiles, and throughout the later half of the 1880s, Ford began repairing and later constructing engines, and through the 1890s worked with a division of Edison Electric. He officially founded Ford Motor Company in 1903, after prior failures in business but success in constructing automobiles.

Ford's 1908 introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized both transportation and American industry. As the Ford Motor Company sole owner, he became one of the richest and best-known people in the world. He is credited with "Fordism", the mass production of inexpensive goods coupled with high wages for workers. Ford was also among the pioneers of the five-day work week. Ford had a global vision, with consumerism as the key to peace. His intense commitment to systematically lowering costs resulted in many technical and business innovations, including a franchise system that put dealerships throughout North America and major cities on six continents.

Ford was widely known for his pacifism during the first years of World War I. In the 1920s Ford promoted antisemitic content through his newspaper The Dearborn Independent, and the book, The International Jew. After his son Edsel died in 1943, Ford resumed control of the company but was too frail to make decisions and quickly came under the control of subordinates. He turned over the company to his grandson Henry Ford II in 1945. He died in 1947 after leaving most of his wealth to the Ford Foundation, and control of the company to his family.
Instruction: Give me a list of actresses who won an Oscar in the last 5 years and tell me for which movie they won it.
Response: 1. Michelle Yeoh 2022, Everything Everywhere All At Once
2. Jessica Chastain, 2021, The Eyes of Tammy Faye
3. Frances McDormand, 2020, Nomadland
4. Renée Zellweger, 2019, Judy
5. Olivia Colman, 2018, The Favourite
Instruction: If Rosslyn Mountain Boys had produced two more albums, how many albums would they have produced?
Context: Rosslyn Mountain Boys was a band that backed up a number of nationally known singers, and released two albums of their own.
Response: Rosslyn Mountain Boys produced two albums on their own, so if they produced two more albums then they would have produced four albums.
Instruction: What is the show Parks and Rec about?
Response: Parks and Rec is an American sitcom about the Parks and Recreation department of a small town in Indiana called Pawnee.
Instruction: Extract from the paragraph the winner of the 2022 World Snooker Championship.
Context: The 2022 World Snooker Championship (officially the 2022 Betfred World Snooker Championship) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 16 April to 2 May 2022 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England, the 46th consecutive year the World Snooker Championship was held at the venue. The 16th and final ranking event of the 2021–22 snooker season, the tournament was organised by the World Snooker Tour and sponsored by sports betting company Betfred. It was broadcast in the United Kingdom by the BBC, in Europe (including the UK) by Eurosport, and elsewhere in the world by Matchroom Sport and other broadcasters. The total prize fund was £2,395,000, of which the winner received £500,000.

Qualifying rounds for the tournament took place from 4 to 13 April 2022 at the English Institute of Sport, featuring 128 professional and invited amateur players. The main stage of the tournament featured 32 players: the top 16 players from the snooker world rankings and another 16 players from the qualifying rounds. Ashley Hugill, Jackson Page, and Hossein Vafaei were debutants at the Crucible, Vafaei being the first Iranian player to reach the main stage. Mark Selby was the defending champion, having won the 2021 final 18–15 against Shaun Murphy. He lost 10–13 to Yan Bingtao in a second-round match that produced the longest frame ever played at the Crucible, lasting 85 minutes.

Ronnie O'Sullivan equalled Steve Davis's record of 30 Crucible appearances. He reached a record 20th quarter-final and a record 13th semi-final before defeating Judd Trump 18–13 in the final to equal Stephen Hendry's record of seven world titles. It was O'Sullivan's 39th ranking title and 21st Triple Crown title. Aged 46 years and 148 days, he became the oldest world champion in the sport's history, surpassing Ray Reardon, who was aged 45 years and 203 days when he won his last world title in 1978. O'Sullivan also broke Hendry's record of 70 wins at the Crucible, setting a new record of 74.

Neil Robertson made a maximum break in his second-round match against Jack Lisowski, the fifth of his career and the 12th time a 147 had been achieved at the Crucible. Graeme Dott also made a maximum break in his third-round qualifying match against Pang Junxu, the second of his career and the fifth time that a maximum had been made in the World Championship qualifiers. The main stage produced a record 109 century breaks, surpassing the 108 centuries made the preceding year. Mark Williams made 16 centuries during the event, equalling the record set by Hendry in 2002.
Response: Ronnie O'Sullivan
Instruction: What makes Alabama Football coach Nick Saban so good at his job?
Response: Nick Saban is process oriented. This is exemplified by his team's focus on processes rather than results. The philosophy is centered around the idea that building a "championship process" is the key to success. Focusing on improving your processes (e.g. tackling, blocking, footwork, catching, reading the defense) as opposed to being results-oriented will carry you further. Chasing results can cause someone to re-invent the wheel when they don't achieve immediate success, whereas being process-oriented allows you to hone in and improve upon the skill set needed to consistently reach your goals.
Instruction: What is it inflation?
Response: In economics, inflation is an increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services; consequently, inflation corresponds to a reduction in the purchasing power of money.
Instruction: When did Harriet live in the Andaman Islands?
Context: The Tytlers were introduced to photography by Felix Beato and Dr John Murray of Agra. In May 1857 the couple were resident in the military cantonments outside Delhi, where Robert Tytler's regiment, the 38th Bengal Native Infantry was one of the first to mutiny during the great rebellion of that year. Because she was heavily pregnant, Harriet was allowed to stay on and was the only British woman present at the Siege of Delhi. She later gave birth in a donkey cart while escaping to safer areas. They named this third child Stanley Delhi-Force Tytler. From 1862 to 1864 she lived in the Andaman Islands where her husband was posted as a Superintendent of the Ross Island Penal Colony, a Penal Settlement (which was established mainly to house prisoners from the 1857 uprising). The region around a 1100 foot high hill in the South Andamans, which was named after her as Mt. Harriet(now known as mount manipur), was cleared of forest by Tytler. The area is now protected as the Mount Harriet National Park. Tytler's tenure in the Andamans was short and they moved to Shimla. In Shimla, Harriet founded an Asiatic Christian Orphanage. She died in Shimla on 24 November 1907.
Response: Between 1862 and 1864.
Instruction: What is Delta Lake?
Response: Delta Lake is an open source storage layer that brings reliability to data lakes. Delta Lake provides ACID transactions, scalable metadata handling, and unifies streaming and batch data processing. Delta Lake runs on top of your existing data lake and is fully compatible with Apache Spark APIs.
Instruction: Why do people use computer mice?
Response: People use computer mice because most graphical user interfaces are designed to be navigated with a cursor that is moved with a mouse. Mice also typically have buttons that can be used to click on interface elements
Instruction: Give me a list of the best bikes for riding on roads.
Response: The best bikes for riding on the road are Cervelo, BMC, Pinarello, Specialized and Felt.
Instruction: What dispatchable source of power on electric grids are faster than battery storage power stations?
Context: A battery storage power station is a type of energy storage power station that uses a group of batteries to store electrical energy. Battery storage is the fastest responding dispatchable source of power on electric grids, and it is used to stabilise those grids, as battery storage can transition from standby to full power in under a second to deal with grid contingencies.

At full rated power, battery storage power stations are generally designed to output for up to a few hours. Battery storage can be used for short-term peak power and ancillary services, such as providing operating reserve and frequency control to minimize the chance of power outages. They are often installed at, or close to, other active or disused power stations and may share the same grid connection to reduce costs. Since battery storage plants require no deliveries of fuel, are compact compared to generating stations and have no chimneys or large cooling systems, they can be rapidly installed and placed if necessary within urban areas, close to customer load.
Response: None. Battery storage is the fastest responding dispatchable source of power on electric grids.
Instruction: How do banks make money?
Response: Traditionally, banks accept deposits and loan that money to borrowers providing a time arbitrage on the velocity of money which regulates in profit. In more recent years, banks have diversified their profit centers by investing those deposits in fixed income securities. There has even been a proliferation of into multiple types of banks. Some of these banks include investment banks which transact in the capital markets pairing investors with capital seeking counterparties. The most innovative banks are starting to see how data can become a profit center as well as allow them to provide a better customer experience.
Instruction: Which animal is associated with Chengdu?
Context: Chengtu, is a sub-provincial city which serves as the capital of the Chinese province of Sichuan. With a population of 20,937,757 inhabitants during the 2020 Chinese census, it is the fourth most populous city in China, and it is the only city apart from the four direct-administered municipalities with a population of over 20 million. It is traditionally the hub in Southwest China.

Chengdu is located in central Sichuan. The surrounding Chengdu Plain is known as the "Country of Heaven" (Chinese: 天府之国; pinyin: Tiānfǔ zhi Guó) and the "Land of Abundance". Its prehistoric settlers included the Sanxingdui culture. The site of Dujiangyan, an ancient irrigation system, is designated as a World Heritage Site. The Jin River flows through the city. Chengdu's culture largely reflects that of its province, Sichuan; in 2011, it was recognized by UNESCO as a city of gastronomy. It is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.
Response: Chengdu is associated with the giant panda, a Chinese national symbol, which inhabits the area of Sichuan; the city is home to the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding.
Instruction: What was the Golden State Warriors win-loss record in the 1964-65 season ?
Context: The Warriors won the inaugural Basketball Association of America (BAA) championship in 1947, and won again in 1956, led by Hall of Fame trio Paul Arizin, Tom Gola, and Neil Johnston. After the trade of star Wilt Chamberlain in January 1965, the team finished the 1964–65 season with the NBA's worst record (17–63). Their rebuilding period was brief due in large part to the Warriors' drafting of Rick Barry four months after the trade. In 1975, star players Barry and Jamaal Wilkes powered the Warriors to their third championship, widely considered one of the biggest upsets in NBA history.
Response: The Golden State Warriors record in the 1964-65 season was 17 wins and 63 losses.
Instruction: Which country has the most inhabitants?
Response: #	Country (or dependency)	Population (2020)
1	China	1,439,323,776
2	India	1,380,004,385
3	United States	331,002,651
4	Indonesia	273,523,615
Instruction: Which of the following two-dimensional shapes are made using only curved lines? And which use only straight lines? oval, rectangle, square, pentagon, circle and rhombus.
Response: The oval and circle are made using only curved lines.
The square, pentagon, rectangle and rhombus are made using only straight lines.
Instruction: Identify the bird from the list: Pendulum, Bewick's swan, Iceberg
Response: Bewick's swan
Instruction: Extract the names of Jesse LaFollette's grandchildren from the provided passage
Context: Jesse LaFollette (1781 NJ-1843 Ind) was the grandfather of Robert Marion La Follette, Sr., William La Follette, and Harvey Marion LaFollette. His family lived next to the Knob Creek Farm, Kentucky owned by Thomas Lincoln during Abraham Lincoln's boyhood years. LaFollette is shown in one of the limestone panels at the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial in Lincoln City, Indiana.
Response: Robert Marion La Follette, Sr., William La Follette, and Harvey Marion LaFollette
Instruction: Given this paragraph about hockey what are different surfaces that hockey is played on?
Context: Hockey is a term used to denote a family of various types of both summer and winter team sports which originated on either an outdoor field, sheet of ice, or dry floor such as in a gymnasium. While these sports vary in specific rules, numbers of players, apparel and, notably, playing surface, they share broad characteristics of two opposing teams using a stick to propel a ball or disk into a goal.
Response: Hockey can refer to Ice Hockey, Field Hockey, or Ball Hockey. Each are played on a different surface like a sheet of ice, a gymnasium floor, or an outdoor field.
Instruction: Where can you find the Citron-bellied attila?
Context: The citron-bellied attila (Attila citriniventris) is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae.

It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Response: The The citron-bellied attila (Attila citriniventris) can be found in the following countries: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.
Instruction: What does HEMA stand for? ​​
Response: HEMA stands for Historical European Martial Arts. It is a type of martial art that combines the techniques of historical European martial arts with modern techniques.
Instruction: Why are some reasons to vacation in New Zealand?
Response: People love to vacation in New Zealand for many reasons.  Some of the most popular are  because of its beautiful and varied landscapes, the opportunities to see unique wildlife, and the ability to participate in extreme activities such as paragliding, jet boating, bungee jumping, sky diving, canyoning, and mountaineering.
Instruction: What is a mutual fund?
Response: A mutual fund is a type of investment that includes a well diversified pool of stocks across a broad range of industry verticals.  Many investors invest in mutual funds and usually stay in them for the long term.  It is a good idea to diversify a stock portfolio like a 401k with mutual funds that have annual percentage return on the average of about 10% - 12%.  This is great way to get a good return on your money without having to actively manage your brokerage account.
Instruction: Why is the United States Military Academy called West Point?
Response: The United States Military Academy is called West Point because it is on the western point of an S-turn on the Hudson River.  During the American Revolution, the Revolutionary Army stretched an iron chain across the Hudson at this point because British ships would have to slow down to navigate the S-turn, making them susceptible to cannon fire.  The British never tested the chain, and their Naval forces remained separated in Canada and New York.  Due to its success on the western point of the river, the United States Military Academy has been commonly referred to as "West Point," since the military academy became the first training institution for U.S. Army officers in 1802.
Instruction: Name three movies with Denzel Washington.
Response: Three movies with Denzel Washington are Remember the Titans, Flight, and The Book of Eli.
Instruction: Which bird flies the farthest?
Response: The Arctic tern flies a round trip of 21,750 miles a year, breeding in the Arctic in the northern summer and feeding in the Antarctic during the southern summer. The bar-tailed godwit migrates farther in a single trip than any other bird. Each year it travels non-stop from Alaska to New Zealand in nine days and loses over half its body weight.
Instruction: Why was the model T only produced in black?
Response: Henry Ford produced the model T only in black because the black paint available at the time was the fastest to dry.
Instruction: Give me a list of the most famous tech companies in the world
Response: Amazon, Google, Microsoft, Twitter, Facebook, Apple, Oracle, Alibaba
Instruction: Write a story about a man who finds a magic lamp that has a genie inside. The genie should grant him wishes and the story should conclude with a tragic ending.
Response: One day while Bill was walking to work he noticed something shinny in the bushes. He walked over to see what it was, and was surprised to discover it was an old lamp. He took the lamp home and cleaned it. While he was cleaning the lamp, a genie popped out and said he'd grant Bill three wishes. The first thing he wished for was all the money in the world. The genie granted this wish but Bill's disappointment there was nothing to buy with all of this money. When Bill asked the genie what happened and why there was nothing to purchase, the genie explained that people need money to create the products. Since Bill had all the money in the world, nobody had the capital needed create the things he wanted.
Instruction: Why were the original Old English Bible translations created?
Context: The Old English Bible translations are the partial translations of the Bible prepared in medieval England into the Old English language. The translations are from Latin texts, not the original languages.

Many of these translations were in fact Bible glosses, prepared to assist clerics whose grasp of Latin was imperfect and circulated in connection with the Vulgate Latin Bible that was standard in Western Christianity at the time. Old English was one of very few early medieval vernacular languages the Bible was translated into, and featured a number of incomplete Bible translations, some of which were meant to be circulated, like the Paris Psalter or Ælfric's Hexateuch.
Response: The Old English Bible translations were created to assist clerics who didn't now much Latin.
Instruction: What is an index fund?
Response: An index fund is a basket of individual stocks that is designed to match the performance of specific group of stocks. Index funds allow investors to avoid investing in an individual stock and distribute the investment risk across a broader set of companies.
Instruction: How Is Linux Licensed?
Response: Linus has placed the Linux kernel under the GNU General Public License, which basically means that you may freely copy, change, and distribute it, but you may not impose any restrictions on further distribution, and you must make the source code available.

This is not the same as Public Domain. See the Copyright FAQ, ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/news.answers/law/copyright, for details.

Full details are in the file COPYING in the Linux kernel sources (probably in /usr/src/linux on your system). There is a FAQ for the GPL at: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl-faq.html.

The licenses of the utilities and programs which come with the installations vary. Much of the code is from the GNU Project at the Free Software Foundation, and is also under the GPL. Some other major programs often included in Linux distributions are under a BSD license and other similar licenses.
Instruction: How to be rich?
Response: While many people aspire to become rich, the reality is that it's an elusive dream for most of all, as less than 1% of the population ever achieve true wealth. It's important to acknowledge that not everyone can become rich, and that financial success is not the only measure of a fulfilling life. However, having a job that can sustain your daily life and your family is a good starting point. From there, you can think about ways to promote yourself and increase your income. It's also important to remember that richness is not just about money; emotional wealth, such as living a happy and fulfilling life and having no regrets, is also a form of richness.
Instruction: Who is the current manager of Arsenal Football Club?
Response: The current manager of Arsenal Football Club is Mikel Arteta
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Jack Kerouac, tell me where he was raised, what was his most famous book, when was that book published, and which movement was he a part of?
Context: Of French-Canadian ancestry, Kerouac was raised in a French-speaking home in Lowell, Massachusetts. He "learned English at age six and spoke with a marked accent into his late teens." During World War II, he served in the United States Merchant Marine; he completed his first novel at the time, which was published more than 40 years after his death. His first published book was The Town and the City (1950), and he achieved widespread fame and notoriety with his second, On the Road, in 1957. It made him a beat icon, and he went on to publish 12 more novels and numerous poetry volumes.

Kerouac is recognized for his style of spontaneous prose. Thematically, his work covers topics such as his Catholic spirituality, jazz, travel, promiscuity, life in New York City, Buddhism, drugs, and poverty. He became an underground celebrity and, with other Beats, a progenitor of the hippie movement, although he remained antagonistic toward some of its politically radical elements. He has a lasting legacy, greatly influencing many of the cultural icons of the 1960s, including Bob Dylan, the Beatles, Jerry Garcia and the Doors.

In 1969, at the age of 47, Kerouac died from an abdominal hemorrhage caused by a lifetime of heavy drinking. Since then, his literary prestige has grown, and several previously unseen works have been published.
Response: Jack Kerouac raised in Lowell, Massachusetts. He most famous book, On the Road, was published in 1957. He was a member of the Beats.
Instruction: Why do Jewish holidays begin at sunset the night before?
Response: In many modern cultures and calendars, days begin in the morning and end at night.  But what if the opposite were true?   In the opening lines of the Creation story in the book of Genesis, the foundational story for all Abrahamic cultures, we learn that all the world was darkness and void.  (Darkness came first.) And then God said "Let there be light."  (Light came second.)  "And there was evening, and there was morning—the first day." 

This last sentence is critical. The first day consists of evening followed by morning. The Jewish calendar abides by this tradition.  Its days are not morning to morning. Its days are night to night (as marked by sundown).  

As an example, the Jewish sabbath (Shabbat) is on the 7th day of the week. Shabbat = Shevat in Hebrew, which literally translates to the number seven.  The seventh day of the  week is is Saturday. However, Shabbat doesn't span Saturday morning to Sunday morning. It spans Friday night to Saturday night.  Many observant Jews will welcome the Shabbat with a family meal, candles, and prayer on Friday nights.
Instruction: Based on the given text, List some aspects of the pearl.
Context: A pearl is a hard, glistening object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusk or another animal, such as fossil conulariids. Just like the shell of a mollusk, a pearl is composed of calcium carbonate (mainly aragonite or a mixture of aragonite and calcite) in minute crystalline form, which has deposited in concentric layers. The ideal pearl is perfectly round and smooth, but many other shapes, known as baroque pearls, can occur. The finest quality of natural pearls have been highly valued as gemstones and objects of beauty for many centuries. Because of this, pearl has become a metaphor for something rare, fine, admirable and valuable.
Response: 1.	Pearl is a sparkling and hard object which is produced inside mollusk shell or other shells.
2.	Just like the shells pearls are also composed of calcium carbonate.
3.	The Ideal pearl is perfectly round and smooth, but it can come in different shapes like baroque pearls.
4.	The best quality natural pearls are valued as gemstones.
5.	Since pearls are fine, rare and valuable it has become a metaphor.
Instruction: What is a personality test?
Context: The origins of personality assessment date back to the 18th and 19th centuries, when personality was assessed through phrenology, the measurement of bumps on the human skull, and physiognomy, which assessed personality based on a person's outer appearances. Sir Francis Galton took another approach to assessing personality late in the 19th century. Based on the lexical hypothesis, Galton estimated the number of adjectives that described personality in the English dictionary. Galton's list was eventually refined by Louis Leon Thurstone to 60 words that were commonly used for describing personality at the time. Through factor analyzing responses from 1300 participants, Thurstone was able to reduce this severely restricted pool of 60 adjectives into seven common factors. This procedure of factor analyzing common adjectives was later utilized by Raymond Cattell (7th most highly cited psychologist of the 20th Century—based on the peer-reviewed journal literature), who subsequently utilized a data set of over 4000 affect terms from the English dictionary that eventually resulted in construction of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) which also measured up to eight second-stratum personality factors. Of the many introspective (i.e., subjective) self-report instruments constructed to measure the putative Big Five personality dimensions, perhaps the most popular has been the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) However, the psychometric properties of the NEO-PI-R (including its factor analytic/construct validity) has been severely criticized.
Response: Personality test is a test of measuring human personality constructs. Its origin can be dated back to 18th century. There are many different types of personality assessment measures.  These tests are designed to draw knowledge about an individual's interest, interactive style and many other things.
Instruction: Name some titles from the Goosebumps series.
Response: Welcome to Dead House, Monster Blood, Say Cheese and Die!, The Cuckoo Clock of Doom, Revenge of the Lawn Gnomes, The Horror at Camp Jellyjam
Instruction: What is the best kind of bread?
Response: Sourdough is the best type of bread because it is the most multi-faceted bread. You can have it as grilled cheese, with eggs and avocado for breakfast, even as a bowl for artichoke dip. You can also use old sourdough as croutons, or use the leftover discard to make waffles or crackers. With sourdough dough you can make focaccia, sandwich bread, and pizza! Sourdough also doesn't require much ingredients, you only need flour, salt, and water.
Instruction: What were the main results of applying statistical analysis to the English language?
Context: Information theory's fundamental contribution to natural language processing and computational linguistics was further established in 1951, in his article "Prediction and Entropy of Printed English", showing upper and lower bounds of entropy on the statistics of English – giving a statistical foundation to language analysis. In addition, he proved that treating whitespace as the 27th letter of the alphabet actually lowers uncertainty in written language, providing a clear quantifiable link between cultural practice and probabilistic cognition.
Response: The main results of applying statistical analysis to the English language were establishing upper and lower bounds of entropy for it and that treating whitespace as a 27th letter of the alphabet lowers uncertainty.
Instruction: Based on the provided paragraph give a bullet list of the names of the countries (regions) which took part in WWI and their reasons?
Context: World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. The first decade of the 20th century saw increasing diplomatic tension between the European great powers. This reached breaking point on 28 June 1914, when a Bosnian Serb named Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. Austria-Hungary held Serbia responsible, and declared war on 28 July. Russia came to Serbia's defense, and by 4 August, defensive alliances had drawn in Germany, France, and Britain. German strategy in 1914 was to first defeat France, then attack Russia. However, this failed, and by the end of 1914, the Western Front consisted of a continuous line of trenches stretching from the English Channel to Switzerland. The Eastern Front was more fluid, but neither side could gain a decisive advantage, despite a series of costly offensives. Attempts by both sides to bypass the stalemate caused fighting to expand into the Middle East, the Alps, the Balkans, and overseas colonies, bringing Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, and others into the war.
Response: The countries and regions that took part in World War I (WWI) and their reasons are as follows:

- Austria-Hungary: because their heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, was assassinated by a Bosnian Serb named Gavrilo Princip.
 
- Serbia: because Austria-Hungary declared war against them.

- Russia: because they wanted to defend Serbia.

- Germany, France, and Britain: because they were allies with the countries already engaging in the war.

- Middle East, the Alps, the Balkans, and overseas colonies, bringing Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, and others: because the Eastern Front of the war was more fluid, but neither side could gain a decisive advantage. Both sides had attempts to overcome the stalemate leading to the war expanding into these regions and countries.
Instruction: Create a bulleted list of Hawking's accomplishments based on this passage.
Context: Hawking achieved commercial success with several works of popular science in which he discussed his theories and cosmology in general. His book A Brief History of Time appeared on the Sunday Times bestseller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks. Hawking was a Fellow of the Royal Society, a lifetime member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest civilian award in the United States. In 2002, Hawking was ranked number 25 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. He died in 2018 at the age of 76, after living with motor neurone disease for more than 50 years.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hawking
Response: -His book was a bestseller for 237 weeks, which was a record
-He was a fellow of the Royal Society
-He was a Pontifical Academy of Sciences lifetime member
-He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom
-He was 25 on the 100 Greatest Britons list put out by the BBC
Instruction: What is the Family of the orchid Bulbophyllum concatenatum?
Context: Bulbophyllum concatenatum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum. 

Kingdom: 	Plantae
Clade: 	Tracheophytes
Clade: 	Angiosperms
Clade: 	Monocots
Order: 	Asparagales
Family: 	Orchidaceae
Subfamily: 	Epidendroideae
Tribe: 	Dendrobieae
Genus: 	Bulbophyllum
Species: 	B. concatenatum
Response: Orchidaceae
Instruction: Who is the first African-American to perform at the Metropolitan Opera?
Response: Marian Anderson was the first African-American to perform at the Metropolitan Opera.
Instruction: What is Type 2 Diabetes?
Context: Type 2 diabetes, formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.
Response: Type 2 diabetes, formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss.  Symptoms may also include increased hunger, feeling tired, and sores (wounds) that do not heal.  Often symptoms come on slowly. Long-term complications from high blood sugar include heart disease, strokes, diabetic retinopathy which can result in blindness, kidney failure, and poor blood flow in the limbs which may lead to amputations. The sudden onset of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state may occur; however, ketoacidosis is uncommon.
Instruction: How do I see how large a dataset is in Spark?
Response: You can find the number of records in a DataFrame or RDD using the `count()` method. If you want to see how large it is in terms of bytes, you can find this information on the Spark UI.
Instruction: How many people live in the city of Oakland in 2022?
Context: Oakland population in 2022 is estimated to be 439,483
Response: About 450,000 people live in Oakland, Ca during the last census
Instruction: Let’s solve the following math problem. Each rabbit has 4 feets and each duck has 2 feets. If there are in total 25 heads and 88 feets, how many rabbits and how many ducks are there?
Response: We can use equations to solve this problem. Let the number of ducks be X and the number of rabbits be Y. We have 
X+Y = 25 (1) 
2X + 4Y = 88 (2). 
From the first equation, we know that X = 25-Y and we can substitute this into the second equation (2), and we get
2(25-Y) + 4Y = 88
Which can be simplified to 50 + 2Y = 88 and we have Y = 19.
We substitute the value into (1), we will then get X = 6. 
There are 6 ducks and 19 rabbits!
Instruction: Name some famous songs by the Beatles
Response: Some songs by the Beatles are Penny Lane, Yellow Submarine, While My Guitar Gently Weeps, Let It Be and Here Comes the Sun
Instruction: What kind of boat should I purchase?
Response: There are a large variety of options in recreation boats.  You can purchase a sailboat or a power boat, and the latter can have inboard or outboard engines while a sailboat can be single or multi-masted.  You also need to decide the length you can safely operate based on your experience, the average depth of the water where you intent to use the boat, and whether you will keep it on a lift, in the water, or on a trailer.  Finally, you need to decide on your budget for both the initial purchase as well as ongoing maintenance, which can typically cost 10-20% of the purchase price based on complexity and age.
Instruction: What was Seward's Folly?
Response: Seward's Folly was the name given by opponents to the 1867 purchase of Alaska from Russia by the United States. Secretary of State William Seward negotiated the treaty in secrecy, and critics mocked both him and President Andrew Johnson for the purchase of a "polar bear garden." However, it turned out to be a profitable investment when gold was discovered in Alaska in 1896.
Instruction: What are the main components of AWS Kinesis?
Response: Kinesis is a distributed system that is composed of several components. The main components of Kinesis are:
1. Streams: A stream is a group of records that are ingested and processed in real-time by Kinesis. A stream consists of one or more shards, and each shard is an ordered sequence of data records.
2. Shards: A shard is a sequence of records in a stream. It is equivalent to a data partition. Each shard has a specific sequence of records and provides a specific read and write capacity.
3. Producers: Producers are responsible for sending data to a Kinesis stream. Producers can be any application that can send data to an HTTP/HTTPS endpoint.
4. Consumers: Consumers are responsible for reading and processing data from a Kinesis stream. Consumers can be any application that can read data from an HTTP/HTTPS endpoint.
Instruction: Give me a list of video game systems from the past few decades
Response: 1) Atari
2) Nintendo
3) Sega
4) Sega Genesis
5) Super Nintendo
6) Sony Playstation
7) Sony Playstation 2
8) N64
9) Neo-Geo
10) Sega Saturn
11) Sega Gamecube
12) Nintendo Switch
13) Nintendo Wii
14) Playstation 3
15) Playstation 4
16) Playstation 5
17) MSFT XBox
18) MSFT Xbox One
Instruction: Are these things heavy or light? Empty soup bowl, empty shipping container, couch, pillow, apple, pencil, mattress
Response: Empty soup bowl: light, empty shipping container: heavy, couch: heavy, pillow: light, apple: light, pencil: light, mattress: heavy
Instruction: Classify each of the following words as either a noun or a verb
Response: Brian, running, chair, eating, listen, dog
Instruction: What is the best place in Thailand
Response: Pattaya - its known for beach and Restaurants . Also, it's very well known for night clubs.
Phuket - Island beaches and Mountains in the ocean . It's so outstanding
Instruction: Provide a list of some Japanese art forms I've not heard of.
Response: Here is a number of Japanese art forms that you may not have heard of; Ikebana is the art of flower arranging. Kabuki is a form of traditional Japanese theatre. Origami is the art of folding paper into various shapes, such as animals. Anime is a Japanese form of comic book art. Haiku is a form of Japanese poetry.
Instruction: What is combinatorial optimisation?
Response: Combinatorial optimisation is a field of applied mathematics, combining techniques from combinatorics, linear programming, and the theory of algorithms, to solve discrete optimisation problems. It is usually used as an alias of discrete optimisation. A combinatorial optimisation problem can generally be drawn as a triple (S, f, C), where S is a given search space, f is the objective function, which should be either maximised or minimised, and C is the set of constraints that have to be fulfilled to obtain feasible solutions. The goal is to find a globally optimal solution, meaning a solution s' that belongs to S, with either the highest or lowest objective value in the case of maximisation or minimisation, each under the restriction of constraints.
Instruction: What is a Keystone?
Response: A keystone is the top block of an arch. It is an essential part of an arch because it keeps other stones from falling.  A keystone is shaped like a trapezoid, the widest part at the top, so it doesn't slide out of the arch.  Humans have built remarkable buildings with heavy ceilings on arches supported by a keystone.  Many architects and artisans have been known to sculpt family emblems, symbols and designs on keystones.
Instruction: How best should I travel from London to Edinburgh, UK ?
Response: There are 3 main options for traveling between London and Edinburgh, UK. By car you will take the A1 north from London almost 7-8 hours depending on traffic. By train there is now an express train getting you from London Kings Cross to Edinburgh in under 4 hours. By plane you can fly from London City, London Gatwick or London Heathrow. The flight itself is only about 30-45mins, but with checkin and travel to either Heathrow or Gatwick the total travel time would also be close to 3-4 hours.