ssanni/dolly-15k-RP huggingface dataset:
Instruction: What is electrical conduction?
Context: The movement of electric charge is known as an electric current, the intensity of which is usually measured in amperes. Current can consist of any moving charged particles; most commonly these are electrons, but any charge in motion constitutes a current. Electric current can flow through some things, electrical conductors, but will not flow through an electrical insulator.
By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part. Current defined in this manner is called conventional current. The motion of negatively charged electrons around an electric circuit, one of the most familiar forms of current, is thus deemed positive in the opposite direction to that of the electrons. However, depending on the conditions, an electric current can consist of a flow of charged particles in either direction, or even in both directions at once. The positive-to-negative convention is widely used to simplify this situation.
The process by which electric current passes through a material is termed electrical conduction, and its nature varies with that of the charged particles and the material through which they are travelling. Examples of electric currents include metallic conduction, where electrons flow through a conductor such as metal, and electrolysis, where ions (charged atoms) flow through liquids, or through plasmas such as electrical sparks. While the particles themselves can move quite slowly, sometimes with an average drift velocity only fractions of a millimetre per second, the electric field that drives them itself propagates at close to the speed of light, enabling electrical signals to pass rapidly along wires.
In engineering or household applications, current is often described as being either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the current varies in time. Direct current, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative.  If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction. Alternating current is any current that reverses direction repeatedly; almost always this takes the form of a sine wave. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within a conductor without the charge moving any net distance over time. The time-averaged value of an alternating current is zero, but it delivers energy in first one direction, and then the reverse. Alternating current is affected by electrical properties that are not observed under steady state direct current, such as inductance and capacitance. These properties however can become important when circuitry is subjected to transients, such as when first energised.
Response: The process by which electric current passes through a material is termed electrical conduction.
Instruction: What is the game of cricket?
Context: Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are "out"). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information.
Response: Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams. A bowler from the bowling side delivers a ball between two wickets. Two batsman are on the wicket and one of them faces the ball. They score run by hitting the ball away and running between the wicket before the ball is returned to the wicket by a fielder.
Instruction: Based on the text, please give a bulleted list of Marc Andreessen’s accomplishments
Context: Marc Lowell Andreessen (/ænˈdriːsən/ ann-DREE-sən; born July 9, 1971) is an American entrepreneur, venture capital investor, and software engineer. He is the co-author of Mosaic, the first widely used web browser with a graphical user interface; co-founder of Netscape; and co-founder and general partner of Silicon Valley venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz. He co-founded and later sold the software company Opsware to Hewlett-Packard. Andreessen is also a co-founder of Ning, a company that provides a platform for social networking websites. He sits on the board of directors of Meta Platforms. Andreessen was one of six inductees in the World Wide Web Hall of Fame announced at the First International Conference on the World-Wide Web in 1994. As of February 2023, his net-worth is estimated at $1.7 billion by Forbes.
Response: Co-author of the first widely used web browser with a graphical user interface (Mosaic)
Co-founder of Netscape
Co-founder of Andreessen Horowitz
Co-founder of Opsware
Co-founder of Ning
Board member of Meta Platforms
Inductee in the World Wide Web Hall of Fame
Instruction: 5 steps to make a fire
Response: Step 1: Clear a Circular Space on the Ground. ...
Step 2: Line the Circular Space With Large Rocks. ...
Step 3: Place the Small Sticks and Twigs in the Circular Space As a Platform. ...
Step 4: Place Dry Grass, and Leaves on the Kindling. ...
Step 5: Light the Fire With a Lighter or Matches.
Instruction: What is Palmitic acid?
Response: Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature) is a fatty acid with a 16-carbon chain. It is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms. Its chemical formula is CH3(CH2)14COOH, and its C:D (the total number of carbon atoms to the number of carbon–carbon double bonds) is 16:0. It is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil), making up to 44% of total fats. Meats, cheeses, butter, and other dairy products also contain palmitic acid, amounting to 50–60% of total fats. Palmitates are the salts and esters of palmitic acid. The palmitate anion is the observed form of palmitic acid at physiologic pH (7.4).
Instruction: What is the popular TV show called where they send a number of people to a deserted island and they have to vote people off of the tribe?
Response: The show is called Survivor, a reality-competition television franchise. Contestants are left somewhere in the world and they have to practice survival skills while also competing in challenges to make it to the final three to win a grand prize.
Instruction: During which decade did neural networks first lead to practically useful systems?
Context: The development of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) very-large-scale integration (VLSI), in the form of complementary MOS (CMOS) technology, enabled increasing MOS transistor counts in digital electronics. This provided more processing power for the development of practical artificial neural networks in the 1980s. From 1988 onward, the use of neural networks transformed the field of protein structure prediction, in particular when the first cascading networks were trained on profiles (matrices) produced by multiple sequence alignments.
Response: The development of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) very-large-scale integration (VLSI), in the form of complementary MOS (CMOS) technology, enabled the development of practical artificial neural networks in the 1980s
Instruction: Give me 10 different ideas for how to spend a rainy Saturday afternoon
Response: - Go to a movie
- Play a video game
- Read a book
- Shop at an indoor mall
- Host a lunch party
- Exercise at the gym
- Clean the house
- Meditate
- Call an old friend
- Catch up on work
Instruction: Why is the Chernobyl disaster considered to be the world's worst-ever civil nuclear incident when only an excess of 15 childhood thyroid cancer deaths were documented as of 2011?
Context: The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the No. 4 reactor in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, near the city of Pripyat in the north of the Ukrainian SSR in the Soviet Union. Called the world's worst-ever civil nuclear incident, it is one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at seven—the maximum severity—on the International Nuclear Event Scale, the other being the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan. The initial emergency response, together with later decontamination of the environment, involved more than 500,000 personnel and cost an estimated 18 billion roubles—roughly US$68 billion in 2019, adjusted for inflation. Chernobyl's health effects to the general population are uncertain. An excess of 15 childhood thyroid cancer deaths were documented as of 2011. A United Nations committee found that to date fewer than 100 deaths have resulted from the fallout. Determining the total eventual number of exposure related deaths is uncertain based on the linear no-threshold model, a contested statistical model. Model predictions of the eventual total death toll in the coming decades vary. The most widely cited studies by the World Health Organization predict an eventual 9,000 cancer related fatalities in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia.
Response: The Chernobyl disaster was called the world's worst-ever civil nuclear incident because it is one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at seven—the maximum severity—on the International Nuclear Event Scale. The initial emergency response, together with later decontamination of the environment, involved more than 500,000 personnel and cost an estimated 18 billion roubles—roughly US$68 billion in 2019, adjusted for inflation. Even though Chernobyl's health effects to the general population are uncertain, the World Health Organization predict an eventual 9,000 cancer related fatalities in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia.
Instruction: Given the paragraph below, what is the population of Switzerland?
Context: Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located at the confluence of Western, Central and Southern Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.

Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 8.7 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts the largest cities and economic centres, including Zürich, Geneva and Basel.
Response: The population of Switzerland is 8.7 million. The majority of the population reside in the plateau region which is home to cities such as Zurich, Geneva, and Basel.
Instruction: List all the years in order of appearance, separated by commas.
Context: Grosvenor Museum is a museum in Chester, Cheshire, in the United Kingdom. It is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. Its full title is The Grosvenor Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, with Schools of Science and Art, for Chester, Cheshire and North Wales. It takes its name from the family name of the Dukes of Westminster, who are major landowners in Cheshire. The museum opened in 1886, it was extended in 1894, and major refurbishments took place between 1989 and 1999. Its contents include archaeological items from the Roman period, paintings, musical instruments, and a room arranged as a Victorian parlour.
Response: 1886, 1894, 1989, 1999
Instruction: What are all the books in the Lord of the Rings trilogy?
Context: Although often called a trilogy, the work was intended by Tolkien to be one volume of a two-volume set along with The Silmarillion.[T 3] For economic reasons, The Lord of the Rings was published over the course of a year from 29 July 1954 to 20 October 1955 in three volumes titled The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King. The work is divided internally into six books, two per volume, with several appendices of background material. Some later editions print the entire work in a single volume, following the author's original intent.
Response: The Lord of the Rings trilogy is comprised of: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers and The Return of the King.
Instruction: What are the advantages of a propane grill?
Response: The most often cited advantage of a propane grill is that it takes very little time to get the grill up to temperature for cooking.  Other fuel sources, such as wood pellets or charcoal briquets, do take some prep time before you can start cooking.

Also, cleanup on a propane grill is typically simpler as there is no wood or charcoal left over to clean up.

Many will argue that wood or charcoal gives more of a flavor to the food being cooked.  But, there are remedies to this for propane, including getting what is commonly known as a smoker box to generate smoke flavor.

Ultimately any style of grill can cook very tasty meals.  So it often comes down to personal preference on fuel source.
Instruction: I need to work out which of the following plants are edible and which are not: coleus, dandelions, yellow oleander, foxglove, roses, deadly nightshade, forsythia, begonia, angel's trumpets.
Response: Yellow oleander, foxglove, deadly nightshade, and angel's trumpet are all poisonous plants and should not be eaten. Coleus, dandelion, roses, forsythia, begonia are edible plants.
Instruction: Which of the following cast members have names that start with the letters A, B or P?
Context: Balraj Sahni as Abdul Rehman Khan
Sonu as Mini
Usha Kiran as Rama, Mini's mother
Padma
Laxmi
Sarita Devi
Anwari Bai
Leela Agha
Baby Farida
Asit Sen as Bhola
Response: Balraj Sahni, Padma, Anwari Bai, Baby Farida, Asit Sen
Instruction: Which U.S. wine company produces the most wine in the United States?
Response: E&J Gallo is the largest wine producer in the United States, owning over 23,000 acres of vineyards and nineteen wineries.
Instruction: What is the Great Emu War and who won?
Response: The Great Emu War was a military operation undertaken in Western Australia in 1932. The Australian public, in particular farmers, were concerned about the large number of emus running amok and destroying crops. The emu is a large, flightless bird which is native to Australia. The Australian military was deployed to get the birds' numbers under control. Due to the speed of the emus and difficult terrain, the military was unsuccessful in controlling the emu numbers. It could be argued that the emus won the Great Emu War of 1932.
Instruction: Why are border collies good guard dogs
Response: Border collies have very strong protective instinct. Just like they protects herds, they will protect you when danger approaches. Also border collies are vocal. They will not fail to notify you when there is something suspicious around. Border collies are very smart and easy to train.
Instruction: What makes a song popular?
Response: There are several aspects that determine if a song is popular. The best songs may not be the most popular. Songs need to be promoted and played on the radio. The song needs to be recommended on most music services. It also helps if the song is made by a popular artist that most people are familiar with. All of this helps determine if a song is popular or not.
Instruction: Why should I visit Netherlands?
Response: There are many museums in the Netherlands that you can visit. Netherlands has had many famous painters. The city center of Amsterdam is also very nice. It is also considered as one of the best party places in the Europe. There are many famous events that you can join and enjoy.
Instruction: Given this reference text about the Philadelphia Phillies, how many stadiums have they had and where do they play currently?
Context: The franchise was founded in Philadelphia in 1883, replacing the team from Worcester, Massachusetts, in the National League. The team has played at several stadiums in the city, beginning with Recreation Park (1883–1886) and continuing at Baker Bowl (1887–1938); Shibe Park (which was renamed Connie Mack Stadium in 1953 in honor of the longtime Philadelphia Athletics manager Connie Mack) (1938–1970); Veterans Stadium (1971–2003), and now Citizens Bank Park (2004-present).
Response: The Phillies have played in five different stadium throughout their history in Philadelphia. They currently play at Citizens Bank Park.
Instruction: How do plants get their energy
Response: They use photosynthesis and turn the sunlight into glucose as food
Instruction: Was Wilbur Snyder a good wrestler
Context: Wilbur Snyder (September 15, 1929 – December 25, 1991) was an American football player and professional wrestler.

Wrestling career
Snyder's wrestling debut occurred during football's 1953 off-season. He was trained by Sandor Szabo and Warren Bockwinkel in Southern California. In 1954, Snyder retired from football completely to pursue a full-time career in wrestling. Part of his in-ring persona included the use of many football tactics, and it garnered Snyder a lot of national attention. He had already been a regional champion in Montreal, Quebec, Canada when he made a name for himself by defeating Verne Gagne and winning the United States Championship at Marigold Arena in Chicago on April 7, 1956.
Response: Wilbur Snyder (September 15, 1929 – December 25, 1991) was an American football player and professional wrestler.

Snyder's wrestling debut occurred during football's 1953 off-season. He was trained by Sandor Szabo and Warren Bockwinkel in Southern California. In 1954, Snyder retired from football completely to pursue a full-time career in wrestling. Part of his in-ring persona included the use of many football tactics, and it garnered Snyder a lot of national attention. 

He had already been a regional champion in Montreal, Quebec, Canada when he made a name for himself by defeating Verne Gagne and winning the United States Championship at Marigold Arena in Chicago on April 7, 1956.
Instruction: Is endosymbiosis bad?
Context: Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly. Examples include diverse microbiomes: rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycetes, nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Frankia, which live in alder root nodules; single-celled algae inside reef-building corals; and bacterial endosymbionts that provide essential nutrients to about 10%–15% of insects.[citation needed]

In endosymbiosis, the host cell lacks some of the nutrients which the endosymbiont provides. As a result, the host favors endosymbiont's growth processes within itself by producing some specialized cells. These cells affect the genetic composition of the host in order to regulate the increasing population of the endosymbionts and ensure that these genetic changes are passed onto the offspring via vertical transmission (heredity).
Response: No, endosymbiosis is a symbiotic relationship where the internal symbiont or the endosymbiont provides essential nutrients to the host. For example, a bacteria can provide necessary nutrients to an insect.
Instruction: Where is Hoober Stand located?
Context: Hoober Stand is a 30-metre-high (98 ft) tower and Grade II* listed building on a ridge in Wentworth, South Yorkshire in northern England. It was designed by Henry Flitcroft for the Whig aristocrat Thomas Watson-Wentworth, Earl of Malton (later the 1st Marquess of Rockingham) to commemorate the quashing of the 1745 Jacobite rebellion. It lies close to his country seat Wentworth Woodhouse. Its site is approximately 157 metres (515 ft) above sea level and from the top there are long-distance views on a clear day. Hoober Stand is one of several follies in and around Wentworth Woodhouse park; the others include Needle's Eye and Keppel's Column. Sidney Oldall Addy, the Sheffield author calls the structure Woburn Stand in his 1888 book, A glossary of words used in the neighbourhood of Sheffield.
Response: Wentworth, South Yorkshire in northern England
Instruction: Why do some babies need to stay in the NICU?
Response: Babies may need to be admitted to the NICU for a number of reasons after being born.  The primary reason is premature birth, which can cause a number of complications such as respiratory distress syndrome, hypoglycemia, apnea, low birth weight and bradycardia.  A baby will typically stay in the NICU until their complications are resolved and they are healthy enough to be discharged.
Instruction: Do RVs have bathrooms?
Response: Whether or not RVs have bathrooms, and the type of bathroom, depends on the RV. Most larger RVs have a “dry bath”. “Dry” means that there is a stand-alone shower. Some showers in dry baths are very small, and some are the size of residential showers. Many smaller RVs have “wet baths”, meaning there is no separate shower. There is a shower nozzle in the bathroom space, and when taking a shower everything in the space gets wet (including the toilet, shelves, walls, etc). Wet baths are usually carefully designed so that everything in the bathroom can get wet without damage. Some RVs do not have bathrooms, but have toilets that are hidden in a cabinet and slide out. This is more common in DIY conversions.
Instruction: Extract the names of the ramen. separate them with comma.
Context: Shio (塩, 'salt') ramen is the oldest of the four types. It has a pale, clear, yellowish broth made with plenty of salt and any combination of chicken, vegetables, fish, and seaweed. Occasionally pork bones are also used, but they are not boiled as long as they are for tonkotsu ramen, so the soup remains light and clear. Chāshū is sometimes swapped for lean chicken meatballs, and pickled plums and kamaboko (a slice of processed fish roll sometimes served as a frilly white circle with a pink or red spiral called narutomaki) are popular toppings as well. Noodle texture and thickness varies among shio ramen, but they are usually straight rather than curly. Hakodate ramen is a well-known version of shio ramen in Japan.
Shōyu (醤油, 'soy sauce') ramen has a clear brown broth, based on a chicken and vegetable (or sometimes fish or beef) stock with plenty of soy sauce added resulting in a soup that is tangy, salty, and savory yet still fairly light on the palate. Shōyu ramen usually has curly noodles rather than straight ones, although this is not always the case. It is often adorned with marinated bamboo shoots or menma, scallions, ninjin ('carrot'), kamaboko ('fish cakes'), nori ('seaweed'), boiled eggs, bean sprouts or black pepper; occasionally the soup will also contain chili oil or Chinese spices, and some shops serve sliced beef instead of the usual chāshū.
Miso (味噌) ramen reached national prominence around 1965. This uniquely Japanese ramen, which was developed in Sapporo Hokkaido, features a broth that combines copious miso and is blended with oily chicken or fish broth – and sometimes with tonkotsu or lard – to create a thick, nutty, slightly sweet and very hearty soup. Miso ramen broth tends to have a robust, tangy flavor, so it stands up to a variety of flavorful toppings: spicy bean paste or tōbanjan (豆瓣醤), butter and corn, leeks, onions, bean sprouts, ground pork, cabbage, sesame seeds, white pepper, chilli and chopped garlic are common. The noodles are typically thick, curly, and slightly chewy.
Karē (カレー, 'curry') ramen is a relative newcomer, cooked with curry soup. In Japan, several cities claim to be its place of origin. The city of Muroran claims it originated there in 1965 (see also Muroran curry ramen), while the city of Sanjō claims to have had karē ramen for over 80 years, and the city of Katori also claims to have been the site of its origin. Curry soup is mainly made with pork bones and vegetables and is seasoned with curry. The noodles are thick and curly. Toppings include chāshū, wakame, and bean sprouts.
Response: Shio, Shoyu, Miso, Kare
Instruction: What is Autism and how varied is the spectrum?
Context: The autism spectrum, often referred to as just autism, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or sometimes autism spectrum condition (ASC), identifies a loosely defined cluster of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by challenges in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and often repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. Other common features include unusual responses to sensory stimuli and a preference for sameness or unusual adherence to routines.
Autism is generally understood to be a spectrum disorder, as it can manifest differently in each person: any autistic individual is likely to show some, but not all, of the characteristics associated with it, and the person may exhibit them to varying degrees and frequencies.There is large variation in the support needs of autistic people, and some are nonspeaking, while others have proficient spoken language.
Response: Autism is a highly variable neurodevelopmental disorder that is generally thought to cover a broad and deep spectrum, manifesting very differently from one person to another. Some have high support needs, may be non-speaking, and experience developmental delays; this is more likely with other co-existing diagnoses. Others have relatively low support needs; they may have more typical speech-language and intellectual skills but atypical social/conversation skills, narrowly focused interests, and wordy, pedantic communication.They may still require significant support in some areas of their lives. The spectrum model should not be understood as a continuum running from mild to severe, but instead means that autism can present very differently in each individual.How a person presents can depend on context, and may vary over time.
Instruction: I really like flying and am thinking about joining the U.S. military.  If I want to be a pilot, which part of the military should I join?
Response: If you join the military and want to be a pilot, you can join any branch of the military, but you will have different options in each branch.  The Air Force primarily trains jet pilots and a smaller number of helicopter pilots.  The Navy also trains mostly jet pilots and a fewer number of helicopter pilots.  The Marine Corps is part of the Navy but has separate aviation units that are nearly half helicopters and half jet pilots.  The Army trains mostly helicopter pilots and a handful of jet pilots for specialized missions and executive transport.  So, you have options in each branch of the military, but it depends on what type of pilot you want to be.
Instruction: How does one state something as an opinion, belief, or preference rather than as if something is a fact?
Response: Begin the statement with "I think" or "I believe" or "In my opinion." This will make it clear that you are expressing personal thoughts about something, rather than stating it as if it were a fact.
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Sarangi, Basset horn
Response: Sarangi is string, Basset down is woodwind.
Instruction: Give me a list of the communes in Barolo DOCG
Response: - Barolo
- La Morra
- Cherasco
- Verduno
- Roddi
- Grinzane Cavour
- Diano d'Alba
- Serralunga d'Alba
- Castiglione Falletto
- Monforte d'Alba
- Novello
Instruction: What is LDAP?
Response: LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is a software protocol for enabling anyone to locate data about organizations, individuals and other resources such as files and devices in a network -- whether on the public internet or a corporate intranet.
Instruction: For whom is Daenerys Targaryen's dragon, Drogon, named for?
Response: She named the dragon after her late husband, Khal Drogo
Instruction: What are the main functions on a DSLR camera that affect the correct the exposure of an image?
Context: In photography, exposure value (EV) is a number that represents a combination of a camera's shutter speed and f-number, such that all combinations that yield the same exposure have the same EV (for any fixed scene luminance). Exposure value is also used to indicate an interval on the photographic exposure scale, with a difference of 1 EV corresponding to a standard power-of-2 exposure step, commonly referred to as a stop.

The EV concept was developed by the German shutter manufacturer Friedrich Deckel in the 1950s (Gebele 1958; Ray 2000, 318). Its intent was to simplify choosing among equivalent camera exposure settings by replacing combinations of shutter speed and f-number (e.g., 1/125 s at f/16) with a single number (e.g., 15). On some lenses with leaf shutters, the process was further simplified by allowing the shutter and aperture controls to be linked such that, when one was changed, the other was automatically adjusted to maintain the same exposure. This was especially helpful to beginners with limited understanding of the effects of shutter speed and aperture and the relationship between them. But it was also useful for experienced photographers who might choose a shutter speed to stop motion or an f-number for depth of field, because it allowed for faster adjustment—without the need for mental calculations—and reduced the chance of error when making the adjustment.
Response: If a DSLR camera is not set to 'Automatic' mode, there are 3 primary functions that need to be considered when deciding on the correct exposure for your image.
1) the Aperture - how wide the aperture on the lens is set determines how much light can pass through the aperture. A small aperture (e.g. f/16) allows less light to reach the sensor as opposed to a wide aperture (e.g f/2.4).
2) the Shutter Speed - how long the shutter is allowed to remain open after you depress the release on the camera. A short exposure time (e.g. 1/1000 sec) will allow less light to hit the cameras sensor whilst a long exposure (e.g. 1/4 sec) will let more light hit the sensor
3) the ISO setting - this setting is used to control how sensitive the sensor is to light hitting it. A low ISO setting (e.g. ISO 200) is much less sensitive than a high ISO setting (e.g. ISO 1600) which means less light is required to capture the for the image on the sensor.
All 3 of these functions work in tandem to ensure the correct exposure value is created based on the image and effect you are trying to create.
Instruction: What techniques are used to male dried fruit?
Context: Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators. Dried fruit has a long tradition of use dating back to the fourth millennium BC in Mesopotamia, and is prized because of its sweet taste, nutritive value and long shelf life.
Today, dried fruit consumption is widespread. Nearly half of the dried fruits sold are raisins, followed by dates, prunes, figs, apricots, peaches, apples, and pears. These are referred to as "conventional" or "traditional" dried fruits: fruits that have been dried in the sun or in heated wind tunnel dryers. Many fruits such as cranberries, blueberries, cherries, strawberries, and mango are infused with a sweetener (e.g. sucrose syrup) prior to drying. Some products sold as dried fruit, like papaya, kiwifruit and pineapple, are most often candied fruit.
Dried fruits retain most of the nutritional value of fresh fruits. The specific nutrient content of the different dried fruits reflects their fresh counterpart and the processing method.
Response: Dried fruit is fruit from which the majority of the original water content has been removed either naturally, through sun drying, or through the use of specialized dryers or dehydrators.
Instruction: What color is an orange fruit?
Response: A ripe orange fruit is typically orange unless it is a blood orange in which case it can have a slight red tinge. An unripe orange fruit is green. A rotten orange fruit is not orange or green or red, it is brown or black.
Instruction: Top 3 Hindi Movie
Response: 1. Dilwale Dhulhaniya Le Jayenge
2. Dil Chata hai
3. Jindegi Na mile Dobara
Instruction: Should we all use Qubes OS for most daily task that involve the internet?
Context: Qubes implements a Security by Isolation approach. The assumption is that there can be no perfect, bug-free desktop environment: such an environment counts millions of lines of code and billions of software/hardware interactions. One critical bug in any of these interactions may be enough for malicious software to take control of a machine.
Response: I have been using Qubes OS for all my online activities for the last few years.  Qubes' disposable VM concept fit nicely in this use case.
Instruction: Why should you workout in the morning if you work remotely ?
Response: Working out in the morning have several benefits:
1. It gives you a purpose to wake up early in the morning.
2. It fills you with sense of accomplishment early in the day.
3. It releases dopamine and make your mood better for the whole day.
4. Helps you follow routines such as intermittent fasting and you feel energetic until afternoon till you have your fist meal.
5. You can take out 1-2 hours of time for yourself before sending time with anything else during the day.
6. There is more fat burning if you work out in the morning as body is depleted for resources and has to tap in fat reserves to provide energy for workout.
Instruction: In which Indian state is Banda Deul located in?
Context: Banda Deul is an 11th-century temple in Banda village (also called Deulghera) in the Raghunathpur II CD block in the Raghunathpur subdivision of the Purulia district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

There is a temple at Banda, which is described by the Archaeological Society of India as a rekha deul of triratha variety in sandstone. “The temple is richly decorated, the themes being creepers, scroll work and stylised chaitya window.” The temple was built around the 11th century.

The temple had a mandapa which has largely collapsed, However, eight pillars are still there supporting the cross beams. The temple has a water outlet with a makara (crocodile) head.

According to the List of Monuments of National Importance in West Bengal the old temple at Banda is an ASI listed monument.
Response: West Bengal
Instruction: Name some books by Thomas Pynchon
Response: The most popular books by Thomas Pynchon include V., Gravity's Rainbow, The Crying of Lot 49 or Inherent Vice.
Instruction: What was the profession of Araber Rahaman?
Context: Araber Rahaman (died 28 April 2013) was an Indian politician. He was the Tripura MLA for Boxanagar from 1978–1988.
Response: He was a politician.
Instruction: Change this sentence to present tense
Context: John Watson was an early American painter, born in Scotland.
Response: John Watson is an early American painter, born in Scotland.
Instruction: What does NSAID stand for?
Response: NSAID is an abbreviation for a class of medicine called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Instruction: Office of War Information?
Response: Franklin D Roosevelt create the Office of War information in 1942. It helped centralize and govern everything involved with the war effort.
Instruction: Which of the big five is the most dangerous animals in Africa ?
Response: The African Buffalo is notorious for killing the most number of hunters.
Instruction: Classify each of the following as creative or analytical: painting, math, physics, chemistry, drawing, filming
Response: Painting: Creative
Math: Analytical
Physics: Analytical
Chemistry: Analytical
Drawing: Creative
Filming: Creative
Instruction: What was Mark Twain's real name?
Context: Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. He was praised as the "greatest humorist the United States has produced", and William Faulkner called him "the father of American literature". His novels include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), the latter of which has often been called the "Great American Novel". Twain also wrote A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889) and Pudd'nhead Wilson (1894), and co-wrote The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today (1873) with Charles Dudley Warner.
Response: Mark Twain was born on November 30, 1835 as Samuel Langhorne Clemens. He was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. He was praised as the "greatest humorist the United States has produced", and William Faulkner called him "the father of American literature". His novels include The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884), the latter of which has often been called the "Great American Novel".
Instruction: What are the words of House Hightower?
Response: "We Light the Way"
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Saffron, where does this name originally come from?
Context: A degree of uncertainty surrounds the origin of the English word "saffron". It might stem from the 12th-century Old French term safran, which comes from the Latin word safranum, from the Arabic (زَعْفَرَان), za'farān, which comes from the Persian word zarparan meaning "gold strung" (implying either the golden stamens of the flower or the golden color it creates when used as flavor).
Response: It comes from the Persian word zarparan
Instruction: Shane Fenton became famous as who
Response: Alvin Stardust
Instruction: What can you learn from living in a foreign country?
Response: A person that lives outside their native country is called an expatriate.  One of the challenges of living abroad may be learning a new language.  It is also important to understand the culture, and be sensitive to local customs and traditions as these may differ significantly from those you are used to.  You may experience new food and drink, and even when and where you eat may vary from your native country.  It is possible that fashions and clothing may vary to accommodate a different climate or lifestyle.  Overall, spending time living in a foreign country will broaden your general knowledge and encourage you to view things from an alternative perspective.
Instruction: What are some famous Belgian singers?
Response: Famous Belgian singers include Jacques Brel, Stromae and Helmut Lotti
Instruction: What did Wei advocate for?
Context: From an early age, Wei espoused the New Text school of Confucianism and became a vocal member of the statecraft school, which advocated practical learning in opposition to the allegedly barren evidentiary scholarship as represented by scholars like Dai Zhen. Among other things, Wei advocated sea transport of grain to the capital instead of using the Grand Canal and he also advocated a strengthening of the Qing Empire's frontier defense. In order to alleviate the demographic crisis in China, Wei also spoke in favor of large scale emigration of Han Chinese into Xinjiang.
Response: Wei advocated for the following:
- practical learning in opposition to allegedly barren evidentiary scholarship as represented by scholars like Dai Zhen
- sea transport of grain to the capital instead of using the Grand Canal
- a strengthening of the Qing Empire's frontier defense
- large scale emigration of Han Chinese into Xinjiang
Instruction: What country did NIKStewart live during middle school?
Context: NIKStewart (who rebranded her name from Treveen Stewart) is a model from the Cayman Islands. In 2013, she was the first winner of the Caribbean's Next Top Model competition to come from the Cayman Islands. Born in Grand Cayman, Stewart moved to Jamaica in fifth grade and then returned to the Cayman Islands for high school. She won a regional modeling contest at 15 which allowed her to sign with a US modeling agency. In 2015, she landed a deal with Nike and works in New York and Chicago for them. Her other campaign work includes Fila, bMobile, Kohls and Rock & Republic.
Response: NIKStewart lived in Jamaica during middle school (6th - 8th grade).
Instruction: What is considered a good meal?
Response: Have plenty and balanced intake of carbs, proteins and fats. Have various ingredients including greens.
Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Nurseryfish or Nursery
Response: Nurseryfish
Instruction: Given this paragraph about rain.  How is rain formed?
Context: Rain is water droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth. It provides water for hydroelectric power plants, crop irrigation, and suitable conditions for many types of ecosystems.
Response: Rain is water droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then fall under gravity
Instruction: When talking about paint colours, which one of these colours is considered "cold", "warm" or "both". Both meaning the way the colour is perceived depends on the colours surrounding it.
Yellow, Yellow-Orange, Orange, Red-Orange, Red, Red-Violet, Violet, Blue-Violet, Blue, Blue-Green, Green, Yellow-Green
Response: Warm: Yellow, Yellow-Orange, Orange, Red-Orange, Red
Cold: Violet, Blue-Violet, Blue, Blue-Green, Green
Both: Red-Violet, Yellow-Green
Instruction: How do you navigate through a forest?
Response: Enter the forest taking 3 steps forward. Do a side step to the left, to bypass the small tree. Look up to see if you can spot squirrels and birds. Look straight ahead again. Take 6 steps forward. Make a 360 degrees turn to look around, you are in the forest now. Turn to you right and take 4 steps. There is a bench, sit down on it. Relax for a bit, and breathe in the fresh air. Stand up from the bench, and take the same route back. You can skip the 360 degree turn and the looking up the tree. However, this is up to you.
Instruction: Given a reference text about Scrub Daddy, tell me the details on the deal the founder made on Shark Tank.
Context: Scrub Daddy is a cleaning product company best known for an eponymous sponge it manufactures in the shape of a smiley face. The product is made of a polymer which changes texture – firm in cold water and soft in warm water. As of 2019, Scrub Daddy had the highest revenue of any product successfully pitched on the ABC reality show Shark Tank.

History
After damaging the exterior of a vehicle when cleaning the outside, detailer Aaron Krause invented a line of buffing and polishing pads. The company was acquired by 3M in August 2008. 3M did not purchase a line of sponges Krause had invented, leaving them to sit in his factory. Five years later, Krause used the remaining sponges to clean his dishes and lawn furniture. According to Krause, this is when he "realized his multi-million dollar idea."

According to the company's website, Scrub Daddy, Inc. was founded in 2012 with grassroots marketing. On the Shark Tank episode originally airing in October 2012, Lori Greiner made a 20% equity stake deal with Krause for $200,000. The following day, Greiner and Krause sold out of 42,000 sponges in under seven minutes on QVC. Greiner then helped Scrub Daddy to be sold in retail stores such as Bed, Bath & Beyond. In January 2017, Scrub Daddy's total revenues surpassed $100 million – the highest of any Shark Tank product. As of October 2019, the company's lifetime sales were $209 million. In Season 14 Episode 13, it was reported that Scrub Daddy in 10 years has 273 employees, 160 products, sold in 257,000 retail locations, top 5 grossing company in shark tank history, doing over $670m in retail sales since launch.
Response: Aaron Krause, the founder of Scrub Daddy, made a deal with Lori Greiner on Shark Tank, giving her 20% equity in the company for $200,000.
Instruction: Write a polite rejection response to a LinkedIn recruiter
Response: Hello,

Thank you for your message. I’m currently happy where I am but hope to reconnect in the future. Best of luck to you on the search. 

With gratitude,
Instruction: Given a reference text about Megan Reid, American professional soccer player, what college did she attend and how many soccer games did she start in her senior year of college?
Context: Reid attended the University of Virginia, where she made 83 appearances and scored two goals. Her senior year, she started all 21 games, scored a golden goal at No. 2 West Virginia, and had two game-winning assists. Also in her senior year, she was named to the All-ACC second team and the ACC Women's Soccer All-Academic team.
Response: Reid attended the University of Virginia and during her senior year she started all 21 games.
Instruction: Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description}
Context: Toshiko's Piano (released as Amazing Toshiko Akiyoshi in Japan) is the debut recording of jazz pianist Toshiko Akiyoshi. It was recorded in Japan in 1953 with guitarist Herb Ellis, bassist Ray Brown and drummer J.C. Heard, who were known at the time for their work as pianist Oscar Peterson's rhythm section for Jazz at the Philharmonic concerts. The album was released as a 10 inch LP album on Norman Granz's Norgran Record label. Later 12 inch LP and (Japanese) CD re-issues also include all 4 Akiyoshi tracks from 1957's Verve Records recording, Toshiko and Leon Sash at Newport. The cover artwork is by David Stone Martin.
Response: • 1953 - This is when Toshiko's Piano was recorded
• 1957 - This is when Verve Records recorded Toshiko's Piano
Instruction: Given that the current year is 2023, how old is Chevron?
Context: Chevron traces its history back to the 1870s. The company grew quickly after the breakup of Standard Oil by acquiring companies and partnering with others, eventually becoming one of the Seven Sisters that dominated the global petroleum industry from the mid-1940s to the 1970s. In 1985, Socal merged with the Pittsburgh-based Gulf Oil and rebranded as Chevron; the newly merged company later merged with Texaco in 2001. Today, Chevron manufactures and sells fuels, lubricants, additives, and petrochemicals, primarily in Western North America, the U.S. Gulf Coast, Southeast Asia, South Korea and Australia. In 2018, the company produced an average of 791,000 barrels of net oil-equivalent per day in United States.
Response: Because the current year is 2023 and Chevron traces its history back to the 1870s, Chevron is roughly between 143 and 153 years old.
Instruction: Tell me which of the following are dogs: Beagle, Labrador, Siamese, Chihuahua, Parakeet, Persian.
Response: Beagle, Labrador, Chihuahua
Instruction: What is linear regression?
Response: Linear regression is an approach for modeling the relationship between and independent and dependent variables.  It is a linear relationship that is described by a positive, negative, or a 0 slope.  The slope describes the velocity of the relationship being measured by the Linear Regression.  The variables measured using linear regression have to be continuous.  If any of your measurements are discrete you can take a log transform of those variables into order to make then continuous and be able to use Linear Regression.
Instruction: Give me a list of six different types of flowers I could buy someone
Response: Carnations, Roses, Tulips, Peonies, Daffodils, Lilies
Instruction: What field of science (biology, physics or chemistry) was Marie Curie a researcher in?
Response: Marie Curie was a chemist