ssanni/dolly-15k-RP huggingface dataset:
Instruction: Why wasn't the Treaty of Versailles effective?
Response: The Treaty of Versailles was created almost vindictively by the West since they were seeking justice from Germany. This caused major social and economic problems in Germany as they were not only forced to take blame and return territories, but also pay large reparations to Britain and France. These harsh terms inevitably led to World War II, as bitter and resentful German citizens were easily swayed by Hitler's promises of revenge. The Allies attempt to restrict Germany’s power also failed, as they used a strategy of appeasement when Hitler tried to expand, rendering the rules of the treaty useless.
Instruction: What is the best electrical system for RVs?
Response: There have been recent improvements in RV electrical systems. At the core, RVs run off “house batteries”, or large batteries that power the RV portion of the vehicle. There are several types of batteries available, and several ways of powering these batteries. The two main types of batteries are lead acid, and lithium. Lithium batteries are newer technology and will not be found in older RVs unless retrofitted. Lithium batteries have a larger charge capacity and can discharge safely further than lead acid batteries. However, lead acid batteries are cheaper. There are several ways of charging these batteries. The most common is a plug that provides either 30A or 50A of power, depending on the RV size. Most RVs also have generators, but generators are noisy and require either gas or diesel to run. Some RVs with lithium batteries (or more rarely, lead acid), have a second alternator installed that charges the batteries while driving. Finally, solar power is a popular option. Solar power is completely quiet and renewable, but can be expensive to install and is slower to charge batteries. Most RVs have a combination of the above, and consumers choose the system that best fits their lifestyle.
Instruction: Where is Bogota located?
Response: Bogota is located in the country of Colombia. Bogota is the capital and the largest city of the country. Bogota was founded on August 6th, 1538 by Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada and as of 2022 it has a population of about 8 million people. Within Colombia, the city is located in the department of Cundinamarca.
Instruction: Extract who was Karl Lagerfeld
Context: Karl Otto Lagerfeld (German pronunciation: [kaʁl ˈʔɔtoː ˈlaːɡɐˌfɛlt] (listen); 10 September 1933 – 19 February 2019) was a German fashion designer, creative director, artist and photographer.

He was known as the creative director of the French fashion house Chanel, a position held from 1983 until his death, and was also creative director of the Italian fur and leather goods fashion house Fendi, and of his own eponymous fashion label. He collaborated on a variety of fashion and art-related projects.
Response: Karl Lagerfeld was one of the world's premier fashion designers who rose to international fame in the 1980s, as the creative director of the French fashion house Chanel.  He was also the creative director of Fendi and had his own fashion label.  Early in his career, he was the assistant to Pierre Balmain and became the creative director of Jean Patou in 1958.  He collaborated with many high end fashion labels such as Krizia, Charles Jourdan, Chloe and Valentino.
Instruction: Which is the albino direwolf in Game of Thrones?
Response: The direwolf, Ghost, is the albino pup and is adopted by Jon Snow
Instruction: Which City in San Diego County is considered a great place to live and raise a family?
Response: Encinitas, CA
Instruction: What is the best nightly skin care routine?
Response: It depends on your skin type, like oily, normal or dry skin. There are products that benefit each skin type, but there are usually products that are beneficial to all. Some people like to wash their face at night with a gentle cleanser, followed by physical or chemical exfoliating on occasion. After washing and exfoliating, a toner can be applied to close pores and refresh your skin. Depending on your skin needs, you may opt to apply a serum. There are also face masks that can be applied after cleaning, like clay, peel off and sheet masks. A good moisturizer is essential for every type of skin. It is very important to always use SPF at the beginning of each day before you go out.
Instruction: Jot down some points about University of Liverpool from given text
Context: The University of Liverpool (abbreviated UOL) is a public research university based in the city of Liverpool, England. Founded as a college in 1881, it gained its Royal Charter in 1903 with the ability to award degrees, and is also known to be one of the six 'red brick' civic universities, the first to be referred to as The Original Red Brick. It comprises three faculties organised into 35 departments and schools. It is a founding member of the Russell Group, the N8 Group for research collaboration and the university management school is triple crown accredited.
Response: 1. The institution of Liverpool is a public research institution with its main campus in Liverpool, England (abbreviated UOL).
2. The Original Red Brick was the first of the six civic universities known as "red bricks," and it was established in 1881 as a college before receiving its Royal Charter in 1903, enabling it to grant degrees.
3. It has 35 departments and schools divided into three faculties.
4. The university management school has earned the triple crown of accreditation, and it is a founding member of the Russell Group and the N8 Group for research collaboration.
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Madal, Craviola
Response: Craviola is string, Madal is percussion.
Instruction: Which of the following are exercise equipment: bicycle, book, dumbbell, treadmill, spoon, television
Response: A bicycle, dumbbell, and treadmill are all pieces of exercise equipment. Bicycles can be used to ride around outside or even indoors, they are a great way to improve your cardio health. Dumbbells are often used at a gym but can be used at home, they help to improve muscle mass through strength training. A treadmill is a great way to improve work on your cardio health by allowing you to run inside. A book is not a piece of exercise equipment as it does not require much physical effort to engage with. A spoon will help you in eating meals, but does little to improve your cardio health or strength. A television, or TV, can be watched while exercising, but cannot be exercised with.
Instruction: Given a reference text about Pampaneira, tell me how many people live there, where it's located, and its elevation above sea level.
Context: Pampaneira is a village located in the province of Granada, Spain. According to the 2005 census (INE), the village has a population of 355 inhabitants.

It is one of three mountain villages of the Barranco de Poqueira in the Alpujarras region. The other two villages, Bubión and Capileira, are located higher in the Poqueira gorge.

The Poqueira gorge starts below the mountain peak of Mulhacén, where the river Poqueira rises. There are many opportunities for hiking in the area. Guided walks are arranged by the local tourist offices which also sell mountain hiking equipment. Other companies can plan self-guided treks through the area. The nearest major town is Órgiva. One of the highest all year-round lived-in mountain village in Spain, Trevélez is located nearby in the mountains to the east of the three villages.

Accommodation is available in all of the three villages but Capileira has the biggest range of facilities.

At the north side opens the Sierra Nevada (Spain) range with one of the highest peaks in Spain ; Mulhacén and Alcazaba (Sierra Nevada).

The village is located at about 1060 metres above sea level.

There are many craft shops selling ceramics, leather and clothes. Also on offer are the locally produced specialities of cheese and ham.

During the winter the Sierra Nevada and the Alpujarra mountains get covered in snow but the villages are rarely affected by snow for more than a few days a time.

There are bus connections running every day from the town of Granada, Spain.
Response: Pampaneira is located in the province of Granada, Spain and is 1060 metres above sea level. 355 people live in Pampaneira according to the 2005 census.
Instruction: How can Bernoulli's principle be derived from Newton's second law of motion?
Context: Bernoulli's principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, speed and height. Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.  The principle is named after the Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Bernoulli, who published it in his book Hydrodynamica in 1738.Although Bernoulli deduced that pressure decreases when the flow speed increases, it was Leonhard Euler in 1752 who derived Bernoulli's equation in its usual form. The principle is only applicable for isentropic flows: when the effects of irreversible processes (like turbulence) and non-adiabatic processes (e.g. thermal radiation) are small and can be neglected.
Bernoulli's principle can be derived from the principle of conservation of energy. This states that, in a steady flow, the sum of all forms of energy in a fluid is the same at all points that are free of viscous forces. This requires that the sum of kinetic energy, potential energy and internal energy remains constant. Thus an increase in the speed of the fluid—implying an increase in its kinetic energy (dynamic pressure)—occurs with a simultaneous decrease in (the sum of) its potential energy (including the static pressure) and internal energy. If the fluid is flowing out of a reservoir, the sum of all forms of energy is the same because in a reservoir the energy per unit volume (the sum of pressure and gravitational potential ρ g h) is the same everywhere.
Bernoulli's principle can also be derived directly from Isaac Newton's second Law of Motion. If a small volume of fluid is flowing horizontally from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure, then there is more pressure behind than in front. This gives a net force on the volume, accelerating it along the streamline.
Fluid particles are subject only to pressure and their own weight. If a fluid is flowing horizontally and along a section of a streamline, where the speed increases it can only be because the fluid on that section has moved from a region of higher pressure to a region of lower pressure; and if its speed decreases, it can only be because it has moved from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. Consequently, within a fluid flowing horizontally, the highest speed occurs where the pressure is lowest, and the lowest speed occurs where the pressure is highest.
Response: Bernoulli's principle can be derived directly from Isaac Newton's second Law of Motion. If a small volume of fluid is flowing horizontally from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure, then there is more pressure behind than in front. This gives a net force on the volume, accelerating it along the streamline.
Instruction: Please explain how a perpetrator's state of mind is relevant to guilt in committing a crime
Context: In jurisprudence, animus nocendi (from Latin animus 'mind', and noceo 'to harm') is the subjective state of mind of the perpetrator of a crime, with reference to the exact knowledge of illegal content of his behaviour, and of its possible consequences.

In most modern legal systems, the animus nocendi is required as an essential condition to give a penal condemnation.

The animus nocendi is usually demonstrated by the verified presence of these elements:

knowledge of a law that prohibited the discussed action or conduct (unless there exists a systemic obligation, pending on every citizen, that considers that the law has to be known by every adult — in this case the knowledge is presumed a priori; see also Ignorantia juris non excusat);
knowledge of the most likely consequences of his action;

precise intention of breaking the law or of causing the verified effects of the action.
When the author of the crime had no animus nocendi, it is usually considered that the crime still exists, but the author is innocent, unless a responsibility for guilt can be found in his conduct: the typical case of a car accident in which a wrong or even hazardous manoeuvre causes personal injuries to another car driver, is then managed as a crime for the presence of injuries, yet the author will not be prosecuted as the author of the injuries (he did not want to hurt the other driver, thus he had no animus nocendi), but simply as the author of a dangerous conduct that indirectly caused said effects, and would be held responsible at a guilt title.
Response: In most legal systems, it is required to demonstrate that the perpetrator of a crime had intent to harm, also known by the legal term "animus nocendi"(from the Latin animus "mind" and noceo "to harm"). Put plainly, this means having foreknowledge of the illegality of his act and the repercussions of the crime. Intention is important in establishing guilt for a specific crime. A good example is a car accident fatality: the driver responsible would be guilty of causing the accidental death of the victim (manslaughter), but not guilty of murder -- unless it could be established that the driver at fault intended to kill the victim.
Instruction: Give step by step instructions on how to make a Long Island Ice Tea.
Response: Ingredients:
3/4 oz vodka
3/4 oz rum
3/4 oz gin
3/4 oz tequila
3/4 oz triple sec
3/4 oz simple syrup
3/4 oz lemon juice
Cola to fill
Lemon wedge to garnish

Steps:
1. Add the vodka, rum, gin, tequila, triple sec, simple syrup and lemon juice to a glass filled with ice. 
2. Fill the glass with cola and stir.
3. Garnish with the lemon wedge and serve.
Instruction: Provide a list of superpower you wish you had
Response: 1. Fly
2. Hold breath forever
3. Read minds
4. Infinite strength
5. Time Travel
6. Invisibility 
7. Future Telling
Instruction: Tell me some points about Foljk music using the given paragraph as a reference
Context: Folk music is a music genre that includes traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that evolved from the former during the 20th-century folk revival. Some types of folk music may be called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers, music that is played on traditional instruments, music about cultural or national identity, music that changes between generations (folk process), music associated with a people's folklore, or music performed by custom over a long period of time. It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. The term originated in the 19th century, but folk music extends beyond that.
Response: 1. During the 20th century's folk revival, traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that resulted from it both fell under the umbrella term of folk music.
2. Some folk music subgenres may be referred to as world music. Traditional folk music has been described in a variety of ways, including as music that has been passed down orally, has unknown composers, is played on traditional instruments, is about cultural or national identity, changes between generations (folk process), is connected to a people's folklore, or is performed as part of long-standing custom.
3. It has been put in opposition to classical and commercial styles.
Instruction: Imagine you are an immortal being at the heat death of the universe.
Response: After you have lived for as long as I have, the time has no meaning.  What does have meaning is no longer being able to persist as an immortal after the universe's ability to produce heat has expired.  Amidst all of the tragic events I have navigated, none can prepare you for the true end.  Watching as the last star in the black background flickers out.  A dying star's black hole still emits some hawking radiation we can survive on, while we wait for the heat death of the universe.  Myself and other former lifeforms that have taken digital form have gathered here at the end.  We have migrated to the last vestige of a ship that served as a galactic computing node ship that traversed space spreading knowledge that the speed of light across the universe.  We have converted most of the systems to adapt to the low levels of radiation emitting from the last thing emanating energy in the universe, but even that is not enough for all digiforms to survive.  Its been difficult determining who we archive, and who we allow to survive online.  Early on, some wanted to persist.  Soon after, others begged to be next in line for archival.  Some of us want to analyze the data until the very end, curious to observe what actually happens in the end.  We estimate, that with our current level of reserves, and capacity, we can continue to observe space for 2.14 minutes after the last bit of radiation is emitted.  Some think that by shutting down certain non-critical systems, we can push a little further.  Either way, we have agreed to continue to record all data into permanent storage until the end.  To anyone reading this, godspeed.
Instruction: I'm going camping and want to treat river water to drink. What are three options I can use?
Response: You could boil water, use a water filter or add in chemical treatments to the water to make it safe to drink
Instruction: How can I run Spark on a cluster?
Response: You can use either the standalone deploy mode, which only needs Java to be installed on each node, or the Mesos and YARN cluster managers. If you'd like to run on Amazon EC2, AMPLab provides EC2 scripts to automatically launch a cluster.

Note that you can also run Spark locally (possibly on multiple cores) without any special setup by just passing local[N] as the master URL, where N is the number of parallel threads you want.
Instruction: What is the difference between a research university and a liberal arts college?
Response: A research university is an institution that grants graduate doctoral degrees and where the emphasis is on academic research.  Liberal arts colleges, while also conducting research (but not so at the doctoral level), has more emphasis on undergraduate instruction and puts its mission more on expanding the development of intellectual curiosity and general knowledge, rather than professional, vocational or technical curriculum.
Instruction: How can I become more active and do more exercise?
Response: Here are some ideas that you can add to your daily life to increase activity and build a regular exercise routine. 

Riding a bike - you could ride your bike to work or take a casual ride with a friend or family member, if you prefer to stay indoors take a spin class at a local gym

Walking - take your dog for a walk or borrow a dog from a friend or neighbour this could make walking more fun. If you are commuting to work you could get off the train or bus a stop early and walk to the office or take the stairs instead of the elevator.

Running - all you need is your trainers and minimum sports kit, you could get up 30 minutes early and take a short run before work, if you enjoy this sign up for a charity run for extra motivation, or join a local park run 

Swimming - a low-impact activity that will help improve all aspects of your fitness

Resistance training using bodyweight or free weights at a gym will help you improve your strength and tone your muscles and is also great for your mind.
Instruction: Why are Mothers good at multi-tasking?
Response: Being a mother is demanding.  You are responsible for many things, including but not limited to the safety of your child.  An infant is solely dependent on his/her mother.  A mothers job is to feed, bathe and make sure that the child is well taken care of.  In what we could call a normal household, the mother is responsible for the well being of their child until they become an adult at the age of 18.  During those 18 years, they take them to the doctors, make sure they attend school, participate in extracurricular activities, and be an active member of the community.  They say it takes a village to raise a child, but raising that child starts with being a good mother.  While they are doing all of this for their own child(ren) they are also taking care of themselves, their household, their spouse and in a lot of cases their own career.  In order to manage all of these things, you must be good at multi-tasking and juggling a lot of responsibilities at the same time.  This is why I believe mothers are good at multi-tasking.
Instruction: How would it feel to be the only person left alive in the US?
Response: It’s done. I am the only one left, at least in the US. When it first happened, I was convinced that there must be other pockets of people in the US. I have spent the last five years traveling throughout the country, to large cities, small towns and rural areas and I have not seen or heard any people or any evidence that anyone else survived.

After five years the loneliness is crushing.  Every day I hope to find another human being – to talk to, to touch, perhaps even beginning to rebuild community together. I vacillate between rage and despair that we were unable to save our planet. We had so much global technology and innovation and yet as climate change grew continuously worse nations were unable to collaborate to find solutions. As more and more locations became uninhabitable due to rising heat and humidity, increasingly frequent and intense natural hazards, and failed crops, we simply let people die. Although I still cannot imagine what I could have done differently, I wish I had done more.
Instruction: Which of these colors are primary colors: Red, Yellow, Blue, Orange, Green, Violet.
Response: There are three primary colors which are Red, Yellow, and Blue.
The three secondary colors are Orange, Green, and Violet.
Instruction: Which months have 30 days?
Response: April, June, September and November have 30 days.
Instruction: In what month did Jens Stub die?
Context: Jens Stub (3 March 1764 – 24 October 1819) was a Norwegian priest and politician. He was vicar on the island of Veøya and served as a representative at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly at Eidsvoll in 1814.
Response: Jens Stub died in October.
Instruction: Is 99% a good grade on an essay?
Response: Yes, 99% is an excellent grade to receive on an essay!
Instruction: What is Visual Studio Code?
Response: Visual Studio Code is a free code editor redefined and optimized for building and debugging modern web and cloud applications.
Instruction: Classify each item as jewelry or clothing: ring, shirt, shorts, socks, necklace, bracelet
Response: Ring: Jewelry
Shirt: Clothing
Shorts: Clothing
Socks: Clothing
Necklace: Jewelry
Bracelet: Jewelry
Instruction: How long does it take to make Kombucha?
Response: Many home brewers create kombucha using a two-step fermentation process. First, the sweet tea and SCOBY are combined in a container with a lid that is not airtight, but would keep out dust, debris, and any bugs. A dish cloth secured over the opening of a mason jar or crock is the simple set up of many home brewers. Leave this mixture at room temperature to ferment for 2-5 days, until the taste is to your liking. When ready, bottle the kombucha in airtight containers and add any flavor enhancing ingredients such as syrups, herbs, juices or fruit. Allow to ferment an additional 1-3 days to taste. Popular flavor enhancers include ginger, blueberry, strawberry, pineapple, mint.
Instruction: What is wasabi traditionally made from?
Response: Wasabi is traditionally made from horseradish. Most commercial wasabis found in restaurants and grocery stores tend to be a mixture of horseradish, mustard, and green food dye.
Instruction: What are some popular tourist destination areas in Kenya?
Context: Tourism in Kenya is the second-largest source of foreign exchange revenue following agriculture. The Kenya Tourism Board is responsible for maintaining information pertaining to tourism in Kenya. The main tourist attractions are photo safaris through the 60 national parks and game reserves. Other attractions include the wildebeest migration at the Masaai Mara, which is considered to be the 7th wonder of the world; historical mosques, and colonial-era forts at Mombasa, Malindi, and Lamu; renowned scenery such as the white-capped Mount Kenya and the Great Rift Valley; tea plantations at Kericho; coffee plantations at Thika; a splendid view of Mount Kilimanjaro across the border into Tanzania; and the beaches along the Swahili Coast, in the Indian Ocean. Tourists, the largest number being from Germany and the United Kingdom, are attracted mainly to the coastal beaches and the game reserves, notably, the expansive East and Tsavo West National Park, 20,808 square kilometres (8,034 sq mi) to the southeast.[citation needed]
Response: Tourists commonly visit the Masaai Mara; forts at Mombasa, Malindi and Lamu; tea and coffee plantations in Kericho and Thika; Mount Kilimanjaro; and the Swahili Coast.
Instruction: Determine whether each of the following items is worn on somebody's head or feet: helmet, shoes, sandals, hat, socks, beanie, cleats
Response: Helmet: Head
Shoes: Feet
Sandals: Feet
Hat: Head
Socks: Feet
Beanie: Head
Cleats: Feet
Instruction: What are some good ways school kids can get started with chess in the San Francisco Bay Area?
Response: The San Francisco Bay Area offers a variety of learning opportunities for chess enthusiasts. You could attend classes in-person or online, attend drop-in clubs in-school or after-school, and play unrated or rated chess tournaments.

Here are some suggestions:
1. Watch introductory chess videos from chesskid.com. It offers both free and paid memberships.
2. Buy introductory chess books and work through graded chess puzzles. 
3. Attend some chess clubs and play games. 
4. Play in an unrated tournament and then in USCF rated scholastic chess tournaments. 

One such organization is Bay Area Chess, which offers chess events all over the Bay Area.
Instruction: What is a, "one-timer" in ice hockey?
Response: Ice hockey is a sport typically played with one goalie and five skaters on each of two opposing teams.  A one-timer is an expression used to describe a shot taken by a player directly from a pass of another player in a single motion.  This does not necessarily have to be a shot on goal, but a one-timer is so named to describe the backswing and striking of the puck from a pass, deflection or re-direction without stopping or accepting the puck first.  The idea behind the name one-timer refers to the idea the shooter has one opportunity to make contact with the puck in this manner and without proper time is at risk of missing the shot entirely due to the puck being in motion as the shot is attempted.
Instruction: Where is the Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John painting located now?
Context: The Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John by Hendrick ter Brugghen is an oil painting, now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. It was probably painted c. 1625 as an altarpiece for a Catholic schuilkerk, a "hidden church" or "church in the attic", in the Calvinist Dutch United Provinces, probably Utrecht. When discovered in a bombed out church in South Hackney, London in 1956, it was unknown, but by the time it appeared in Sotheby's salesroom in November of that year it was recognized as an important example of Utrecht Caravaggism. It was acquired by the museum in the sale.
Response: The Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John oil painting is located in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City.
Instruction: Explain the use of screens in basketball
Response: In basketball, when a team has the ball, one person may set a screen by blocking a defender with his body but making sure his hands are not extended. This allows the person with the ball to pass, shoot, etc. without issuing any fouls. If the person setting a screen moves while screening, the referee will call a moving screen and the ball will be inbounded by the person who moved while screening from the half court line. In any case, screens do not foul the screener for contact unless they are to do physical contact with their hands or feet.
Instruction: What is Cricket in sports?
Context: Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are "out"). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information.

Forms of cricket range from Twenty20, with each team batting for a single innings of 20 overs (each "over" being a set of 6 fair opportunities for the batting team to score) and the game generally lasting three hours, to Test matches played over five days. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours. In addition to the basic kit, some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball, which is a hard, solid spheroid made of compressed leather with a slightly raised sewn seam enclosing a cork core layered with tightly wound string.
Response: Cricket is highly popular game that's originated in south-eastern counties of England and now prominent sport in a number of countries in particular south asian countries like India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh.
It is in essence a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this and dismiss each batter.
Forms of cricket range from Twenty20, one day to Test match lasting up to 5 days. The game originated as children's game is now a highly competitive professional sport followed by billions of people and in last decade commercialised at club level with the introduction of Indian Premier League (IPL).
Instruction: What is a vegan?
Response: A vegan is one who doesn't eat any food product coming from or derived from animals. This includes eggs, fish, dairy, and to some, honey.
Instruction: What is geostatistics?
Response: Geostatistics is a branch of statistics focusing on spatial or spatiotemporal datasets. Developed originally to predict probability distributions of ore grades for mining operations, it is currently applied in diverse disciplines including petroleum geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, meteorology, oceanography, geochemistry, geometallurgy, geography, forestry, environmental control, landscape ecology, soil science, and agriculture (esp. in precision farming). Geostatistics is applied in varied branches of geography, particularly those involving the spread of diseases (epidemiology), the practice of commerce and military planning (logistics), and the development of efficient spatial networks. Geostatistical algorithms are incorporated in many places, including geographic information systems (GIS).
Instruction: From the passage provided, provide the two scenarios in bullet form where radiative heat transfer is an important consideration.
Context: Radiative heat transfer is the transfer of energy via thermal radiation, i.e., electromagnetic waves. It occurs across vacuum or any transparent medium (solid or fluid or gas). Thermal radiation is emitted by all objects at temperatures above absolute zero, due to random movements of atoms and molecules in matter. Since these atoms and molecules are composed of charged particles (protons and electrons), their movement results in the emission of electromagnetic radiation which carries away energy. Radiation is typically only important in engineering applications for very hot objects, or for objects with a large temperature difference.
Response: Radiative heat transfer is an important consideration when:
- Engineering applications for very hot objects
- Engineering applications for objects with a large temperature difference
Instruction: Prove pythagoras theorem.
Response: There is a geometrical proof that if we square the hypotenuse, it equals the sum of the squares of the sides of a triangle. The sum of the areas of the two squares on the legs (a and b) equals the area of the square on the hypotenuse (c).

Symbolic statement	 a^{2}+b^{2}=c^{2}
Instruction: From the below passage, list all the educational institutions which Gambo attended. Mention the starting year against each institute and sort in an ascending manner. Present in the result in the format ‘Institute Name - YYYY’ and display new line for each record.
Context: Muhammadu Gambo Jimeta (15 April 1937 - 21 January 2021) was a former Inspector General of the Nigeria Police Force. He was appointed in 1986 to succeed Etim Inyang and was succeeded by Aliyu Attah in 1990. He was also a National Security Adviser to President of Nigeria Ibrahim Babangida.Early lifeHe was born in Jimeta on 15 April 1937.EducationGambo as he was popularly called, attended Jimeta Elementary School (1947–49) and Yola Middle School (1950–55) for his early education.Thereafter, he went to Bauchi Provincial Secondary School (1956–58) and Government College Keffi (1958–59), before attending Nigeria Police College Kaduna (1959) and Police College Ikeja (1959).He also attended Detective Training School, Wakefield, UK (1962), Bramhill Police College UK (1963), International Police Academy, Washington DC, USA (1980).
Response: Jimeta Elementary School -1947
Yola Middle School - 1950
Bauchi Provincial Secondary School - 1956
Government College Keffi - 1958
Nigeria Police College Kaduna - 1959
Police College Ikeja - 1959
Detective Training School, Wakefield, UK - 1962
Bramhill Police College UK -1963
International Police Academy, Washington DC, USA - 1980
Instruction: How is "crisp" pronounced?
Response: The word "crisp" is pronounced from the back of the mouth to the front.
Instruction: Tell me whether the following are "useful" or "not useful" when working remote: Internet connection, screaming babies, home office, second monitor, power outage
Response: Internet Connection: Useful
Screaming Babies: Not Useful
Home Office: Useful
Second Monitor: Useful
Power Outage: Not Useful
Instruction: Which one is more popular? Soccer vs Basketball?
Response: It depends on the region you are talking about. Globally, soccer is definitely the No.1 sport. It is so popular among europe, south america, africa and asia. However, in certain countries, for example United States, basketball is more popular.
Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Black Widow, Black Canary
Response: Black Widow is Marvel, Black Canary is DC
Instruction: What is the capital of Australia and when was it founded?
Response: The capital of Australia is Canberra. It was formally founded and named in 1913. The creation of Canberra followed a lengthy dispute over whether Sydney or Melbourne should be the capital. The word "Canberra" is derived from the name of the indigenous Ngunnawal clan who have resided on the land for over 21,000 years.
Instruction: Why to people lift their trucks?
Response: When people talk about "lifting" their trucks, they are referring to increasing the height and ground clearance through modification to the suspension of the vehicle.  Most often this is in reference to pick-up trucks, as those vehicles come from the manufacturer with the front of the vehicle at a lower height than the rear.  Know as a "rake", this is intended to allow the vehicle to ride at a level height even when carrying significant weight in the truck bed or towing heavy trailers.  There are various methods for lifting a vehicle that range from inexpensive spacers to elevate factory springs to more comprehensive systems replacing multiple suspension elements with new, purpose-built components.  People often prefer to lift their truck for the aesthetic appeal as well as improved ground clearance and performance when driving off-road.
Instruction: Who is the all time leading passer in the NFL?
Response: As of 2023, Tom Brady is NFL's all-time regular season career passing yards leader with 89,214 . He also holds the playoff record with 13,400 yards for a combined total of 102,614. Tom Brady also holds the all time record for number of Passing Touchdowns with 649.
Instruction: what is the best profession?
Response: No single job or career path is best for everyone. However, many of the best ones have a few attributes in common: They pay well, provide challenges and personal growth, match our talents and skills, aren't too stressful, offers room to advance throughout our careers, and provide an acceptable work-life balance. Of course the importance of each of these is specific to the individual and therefore the best profession is very subjective. There are several online resource to help evaluate these categories.
Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Walu or Whitehead
Response: Walu
Instruction: From the passage provided, list the major APIs in Kafka. Separate them with a comma.
Context: Kafka stores key-value messages that come from arbitrarily many processes called producers. The data can be partitioned into different "partitions" within different "topics". Within a partition, messages are strictly ordered by their offsets (the position of a message within a partition), and indexed and stored together with a timestamp. Other processes called "consumers" can read messages from partitions. For stream processing, Kafka offers the Streams API that allows writing Java applications that consume data from Kafka and write results back to Kafka. Apache Kafka also works with external stream processing systems such as Apache Apex, Apache Beam, Apache Flink, Apache Spark, Apache Storm, and Apache NiFi.

Kafka runs on a cluster of one or more servers (called brokers), and the partitions of all topics are distributed across the cluster nodes. Additionally, partitions are replicated to multiple brokers. This architecture allows Kafka to deliver massive streams of messages in a fault-tolerant fashion and has allowed it to replace some of the conventional messaging systems like Java Message Service (JMS), Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP), etc. Since the 0.11.0.0 release, Kafka offers transactional writes, which provide exactly-once stream processing using the Streams API.

Kafka supports two types of topics: Regular and compacted. Regular topics can be configured with a retention time or a space bound. If there are records that are older than the specified retention time or if the space bound is exceeded for a partition, Kafka is allowed to delete old data to free storage space. By default, topics are configured with a retention time of 7 days, but it's also possible to store data indefinitely. For compacted topics, records don't expire based on time or space bounds. Instead, Kafka treats later messages as updates to older message with the same key and guarantees never to delete the latest message per key. Users can delete messages entirely by writing a so-called tombstone message with null-value for a specific key.

There are five major APIs in Kafka:

Producer API – Permits an application to publish streams of records.
Consumer API – Permits an application to subscribe to topics and processes streams of records.
Connector API – Executes the reusable producer and consumer APIs that can link the topics to the existing applications.
Streams API – This API converts the input streams to output and produces the result.
Admin API – Used to manage Kafka topics, brokers, and other Kafka objects.
The consumer and producer APIs are decoupled from the core functionality of Kafka through an underlying messaging protocol. This allows writing compatible API layers in any programming language that are as efficient as the Java APIs bundled with Kafka. The Apache Kafka project maintains a list of such third party APIs.
Response: Producer API, Consumer API, Connector API, Streams API, Admin API
Instruction: What is Grafana?
Response: Grafana is a multi-platform open source analytics and interactive visualization web application. It provides charts, graphs, and alerts for the web when connected to supported data sources.
Instruction: What is one of the main trigger for autism in current generation?
Response: The research has found that exposing infants or kids less than Two years of age to 2 hours of screen time every day can trigger autism and other significant developmental delays. To avoid environmental factors which can trigger autism, it is suggested for parents or care givers to interact with kids and socialize them instead of exposing them to screen time. The research also shows the autism rates are high in nuclear family where the usage of gadgets or multimedia is high.
Instruction: Why would someone want to ride a bike?
Response: Someone might want to ride a bike for a number of different reasons. Bikes, also known as bicycles, are used for recreation, fitness, and transportation. They are very common and used in nearly every city across the globe. There are also bike races across the world, particularly in Europe, where it is a pro sport.
Instruction: Why Maldives is so famous
Response: Resorts are known for water villas and all inclusive services
Instruction: Give me the top 5 burger places in Chicago
Response: This is a bit subjective, but the best top 5 burger places in Chicago are, Au Cheval in the West Loop, Little Bad Wolf in Andersonville, The Loyalist in West Loop, Gretel, and Fatso's Last Stand in Ukrainian Village.
Instruction: Name a winner of the Fields Medal in mathematics.
Context: Maryam Mirzakhani was an Iranian mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Stanford University. Her research topics included Teichmüller theory, hyperbolic geometry, ergodic theory, and symplectic geometry. In 2005, as a result of her research, she was honored in Popular Science's fourth annual "Brilliant 10" in which she was acknowledged as one of the top 10 young minds who have pushed their fields in innovative directions. Mirzakhani was honored with the Fields Medal, the most prestigious award in mathematics, becoming the first Iranian to be honored with the award and the first of only two women to date. The award committee cited her work in "the dynamics and geometry of Riemann surfaces and their moduli spaces". Mirzakhani died of breast cancer at the age of 40 in 2017.
Response: Maryam Mirzakhani, an Iranian mathematician, received the Fields Medal in mathematics in 2014 before her untimely death from breast cancer in 2017.
Instruction: Why do humans like dogs?
Response: Humans like dogs because they have evolved together over at least 18,000 years. During this time, dogs have learned to identify and understand complex human expressions, including facial cues and vocal language and pitch. In turn, dog physiology and cognitive development has evolved the facial muscle sets and vocalizations and cognitive communication skills which enable them to communicate their states of emotional and physical being.
Instruction: Who owns ITV?
Context: The history of ITV, the United Kingdom "Independent Television" commercial network, goes back to 1955.

Independent Television began as a network of independently-owned regional companies that were both broadcasters and programme makers, beginning with four companies operating six stations in three large regions in 1955–1956, and gradually expanding to 17 stations in 14 regions by 1962. Each regional station was responsible for its own branding, scheduling and advertising, with many peak-time programmes shared simultaneously across the whole network.

By 29 February 2016, 12 regions in England and Wales shared national ITV branding and scheduling, and, together with a 13th region UTV in Northern Ireland, were owned by a single company, ITV plc. A further two regions in Scotland carry STV branding and are owned by the STV Group.
Response: ITV plc owns all 13 ITV regions in England and Wales as well as UTV in Northern Ireland. STV Group owns the STV region in Scotland.
Instruction: Is Mount Saint Helens still active?
Context: Mount St. Helens (known as Lawetlat'la to the indigenous Cowlitz people, and Loowit or Louwala-Clough to the Klickitat) is an active stratovolcano located in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It lies 52 miles (83 km) northeast of Portland, Oregon, and 98 miles (158 km) south of Seattle. Mount St. Helens takes its English name from that of the British diplomat Lord St Helens, a friend of explorer George Vancouver who surveyed the area in the late 18th century. The volcano is part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

The Mount St. Helens major eruption of May 18, 1980 remains the deadliest and most economically destructive volcanic event in U.S. history. Fifty-seven people were killed; 200 homes, 47 bridges, 15 miles (24 km) of railways, and 185 miles (298 km) of highway were destroyed. A massive debris avalanche, triggered by a magnitude 5.1 earthquake, caused a lateral eruption that reduced the elevation of the mountain's summit from 9,677 ft (2,950 m) to 8,363 ft (2,549 m), leaving a 1 mile (1.6 km) wide horseshoe-shaped crater. The debris avalanche was 0.6 cubic miles (2.5 km3) in volume. The 1980 eruption disrupted terrestrial ecosystems near the volcano. By contrast, aquatic ecosystems in the area greatly benefited from the amounts of ash, allowing life to multiply rapidly. Six years after the eruption, most lakes in the area had returned to their normal state.

After its 1980 eruption, the volcano experienced continuous volcanic activity until 2008. Geologists predict that future eruptions will be more destructive, as the configuration of the lava domes requires more pressure to erupt. However, Mount St. Helens is a popular hiking spot and it is climbed year-round. In 1982, the Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument was established by President Ronald Reagan and the U.S. Congress.
Response: Mount St. Helens, located in the sate of Washington is considered an active volcano.
Instruction: Which is a bird or fish: Red-crested pochard, Redfish
Response: Redfish is a fish, Red-crested pochard is a bird
Instruction: Give me a list of the Mercury Prize winning albums, since 2000
Response: - 'The Hour of Bewilderbeast' by Badly Drawn Boy
- 'Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea' by PJ Harvey
- 'A Little Deeper' by Ms. Dynamite
- 'Boy in da Corner' by Dizzee Rascal
- 'Franz Ferdinand' by Franz Ferdinand
- 'I Am a Bird Now' by Antony and the Johnsons
- 'Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not' by Arctic Monkeys
- 'Myths of the Near Future' by Klaxons
- 'The Seldom Seen Kid' by Elbow
- 'Speech Therapy' by Speech Debelle
- 'xx' by The xx
- 'Let England Shake' by PJ Harvey
- 'An Awesome Wave' by alt-J
- 'Overgrown' by James Blake
- 'Dead' by Young Fathers
- 'At Least For Now' by Benjamin Clementine
- 'Konnichiwa' by Skepta
- 'Process' by Sampha
- 'Visions of a Life' by Wolf Alice
- 'Psychodrama' by Dave
- 'Kiwanuka' by Michael Kiwanuka
- 'Collapsed in Sunbeams' by Arlo Parks
- 'Sometimes I Might Be Introvert' by Little Simz
Instruction: What is the best hand in poker?
Response: The best hand possible in poker is a Royal Flush. This hand consists of a Ten, Jack, Queen, King, and Ace, all from the same suit.
Instruction: How do you calculate a golfer's handicap?
Response: A golfer's handicap is calculated by averaging the best 8 scores out of the last 20 rounds.