ssanni/dolly-15k-RP huggingface dataset:
Instruction: What are the advantages of a progressive consumption tax?
Response: A progressive consumption tax would be a good substitute for a progressive income tax because it would produce greater economic efficiencies by promoting investment and savings while eliminating the income tax's disincentivizing of work. Unlike a sales tax imposed at the point of sale, a consumption tax could be structured to be progressive rather than regressive, by using a year end tax return to calculate 'net consumption' during a given tax year, with the return summing all sales of qualified investments and then subtracting all purchases of new qualified investments. The tax return then apply a progressive tax rate to the total net investment. Much of the complexity of the current tax code would be eliminated. There would no longer be a need for complex calculations relating to capital gains, based on the concept of 'tax basis' and other arcane notions. Complexities relating to tax beneficial retirement-related savings accounts would also become unnecessary. Investors would no longer be penalized for efficiency-driven portfolio rebalancing. Billionaires would not be taxed significantly if they live frugally, but they could be taxed at very high rates for substantial consumption. A billionaire who buys large yachts, multiple mega-mansions, etc. would pay high taxes. A billionaire who lives modestly would not. But the latter billionaire is keeping her money invested in the economy, providing resources that will further economic growth. Opponents of a consumption tax cite the fact that most consumption taxes are thought to be regressive. However, as perviously mentioned, the consumption tax could be structured to be progressive, and in fact could be structured to be even more progressive than the current income tax. The progressive rates could be based on wealth rather than the amount of annual consumption or income. It would even be possible to tax consumption at over 100% in the case of billionaires. For example, if someone had a net worth of over $10 billion, we could tax that person's consumption at 150%. Regressiveness concerns can also be addressed by exempting a large portion of consumption. Annual consumption under a certain level, say $30,000 per year, could be tax free, or taxed at a low sales-tax-like rate of, say, 5%. Most economists agree that a consumption tax would promote economic growth.
Instruction: Sort these into breakfast or dinner foods: Waffles, pancakes, turkey, chicken noodle soup, salad, bacon and eggs, egg drop soup
Response: The breakfast foods are waffles, pancakes and bacon and eggs. The dinner foods are turkey, chicken noodle soup, salad, and egg drop soup
Instruction: Imagine you are the CEO of Tiktok and have to give an argument in front of the Senate on why the US should not ban Tiktok.
Response: Hello members of the Senate. My name is Shou Zi Chew, and I am the CEO of Tiktok. Tiktok is a platform that surfaces short videos based on an algorithm that predicts your interests and likelihood of engaging with a video. We have a very large user base who, through engaging with our platform, have found communities that support and provide vast amounts of new knowledge. Not only is Tiktok a source of information and news, we have invested in making sure only appropriate content is surfaced, especially for children. We take privacy and security very seriously. Some members of the Senate are concerned that because Tiktok is held by a Chinese company, that we have secret ties to China. I can assure you that that is not the case. I believe Tiktok has brought users entertainment and education that warrants it to continue operating as a company. Please consider supporting Tiktok. Thank you member of the Senate for taking the time today to learn about Tiktok.
Instruction: Name the academic institutions which John Cena attended.
Context: Cena was born in West Newbury, Massachusetts on April 23, 1977, to Carol (née Lupien) and John Joseph Cena. His mother is of English and French-Canadian descent, while his father, a former ring announcer for Chaotic Wrestling, has Italian ancestry. His maternal grandfather was baseball player Tony Lupien, while his maternal great-grandfather was businessman Ulysses J. Lupien. He is the second oldest of five brothers: Dan, Matt, Steve, and Sean. A fan of wrestling growing up, he would create championship belts out of cardboard for himself and his brothers. He is a cousin of computer scientist Natalie Enright Jerger and was raised Roman Catholic. Cena was teased and beaten up while in school, and asked for a weightlifting bench at the age of 12.

Cena attended Central Catholic High School in Lawrence, Massachusetts, before transferring to Cushing Academy, a private prep boarding school in Ashburnham, Massachusetts. He then attended Springfield College in Springfield, Massachusetts, where he was an NCAA Division III All-American center and captain on their college football team, wearing the number 54. He graduated from Springfield College in 1999 with a degree in exercise physiology and body movement, after which he pursued a bodybuilding career and worked as a limousine driver. Cena worked in the store area of Gold's Gym for $6 an hour.
Response: Central Catholic High School, Cushing Academy, a private prep boarding school in Ashburnham, Massachusetts, Springfield College.
Instruction: classify the following spending items as either grocery, entertainment, food & drink, travel, bills: costco, netflix, uber, restaurant, rent, lyft
Response: costco should be grocery, netflix should be entertainment, uber should be travel, restaurant should be food & drink, rent should be bills, lyft should be travel
Instruction: Extract a list of notable dates and events in the mentioned text in the format, choosing the earliest year when the text provides a range of dates, and place them in a bullet list: {Year} - {Event}
Context: The first two centuries of the Roman Empire saw a period of unprecedented stability and prosperity known as the Pax Romana (lit. 'Roman Peace'). Rome reached its greatest territorial expanse during the reign of Trajan (AD 98–117); a period of increasing trouble and decline began with the reign of Commodus (177–192). In the 3rd century, the Empire underwent a crisis that threatened its existence, as the Gallic and Palmyrene Empires broke away from the Roman state, and a series of short-lived emperors, often from the legions, led the Empire. It was reunified under Aurelian (r. 270–275). To stabilize it, Diocletian set up two different imperial courts in the Greek East and Latin West in 286; Christians rose to positions of power in the 4th century following the Edict of Milan of 313. Shortly after, the Migration Period, involving large invasions by Germanic peoples and by the Huns of Attila, led to the decline of the Western Roman Empire. With the fall of Ravenna to the Germanic Herulians and the deposition of Romulus Augustus in AD 476 by Odoacer, the Western Roman Empire finally collapsed; the Eastern Roman emperor Zeno formally abolished it in AD 480. The Eastern Roman Empire survived for another millennium, until Constantinople fell in 1453 to the Ottoman Turks under Mehmed II.
Response: * 98 - Rome reached it's greatest territorial expanse during the reign of Trajan
* 177 - Increasing trouble and decline began with the rain of Commodus
* 270 - Rome reunified under Aurelian after Gallic and Palmyrene Empires broke away
* 286 - Two imperial courts setup by Diocletian in the Greek East and Latin West
* 313 - Edict of Milan led to Christians rising to positions of power
* 476 - Deposition of Romulus Augustus by Odoacer following the fall of Ravenena to the Germanic Herulians
* 480 - Eastern Roman emperor Zeno formally abolished the Western Roman Empire
* 1453 - Eastern Roman Empire fell to the Ottoman Turks
Instruction: Which F1 drivers race for Red Bull Racing in the 2023 season?
Response: Max Verstappen and Sergio Perez
Instruction: Where should I go on vacation?
Response: Well, that depends on your travel budget and how much time you want to spend, and the kind of vacation you like. Here are some recommendations for a vacation by the Time magazine: Dominica, Barcelona (Spain), Torres del Paine National Park (Chile), Ladakh (India), Churchill (Manitoba), Aarhus (Denmark), Roatán (Honduras), Aqaba (Jordan), Kyoto (Japan). These are just some recommendations of beautiful places to visit.
Instruction: Who won the 1988 Superbowl
Response: Washington Redskins
Instruction: What is lacrosse?
Response: Lacrosse is the original and oldest sport in North America.  it is one of the national sports of Canada.  It was created by French-Canadian Jesuit missionary priests in Canada, in the 17th Century.  The game of lacrosse is based on the traditional Native American game "baggataway."'  This means "little brother of war;" it was also commonly referred to as "The Creator's Game."  There are currently three predominant versions of lacrosse: Field Lacrosse, Box Lacrosse, and Women's Lacrosse.  
Field lacrosse is the men's outdoor version of the game.  There are 10 players on each team, on the field at once.  These players consist of 3 attackmen, 3 midfielders, 3 defensemen, and one goalie.  Each player has a helmet, shoulder pads, gloves, elbow pads, and a lacrosse stick.  6 players carry a short stick, which measures between 40 to 42 inches, and a maximum of four players on the field at a time can carry a long stick, which is between 52 and 72 inches long.  Short sticks are generally used by offensive players, and long sticks by defensive only players.  The goalie has a specific stick to his position, with a. wider "head" to assist in making saves.  The ball for play is made of solid rubber, about the size of a baseball.  A lacrosse goal measures 6 feet by 6 feet.  Teams are awarded one point for getting the ball into the goal.  
Each game is 60 minutes long, made up of four 15 minute periods.  At the start of each period, and after ever goal, there is a face-off at the center of the field.  A unique aspect of lacrosse is that on a shot, when the ball goes out of bounds, possession is awarded to the team closet to the ball when it went out.  On out of bounds other than a shot attempt, possession is awarded to the opposite team that touched it last.  During the course of play teams may substitute players "on the fly," through a designated substitution area (commonly referred to as "the box"), which is in between the benches of both teams.
Penalties in lacrosse result from rule violations, deemed by either an infraction (commonly referred to as a "technical foul"), or a personal foul.  The result of the offending team is either losing possession of the ball, or temporarily losing a player for a designated period of time (similar to hockey).  The offending player serves their penalty in the box.  The team that has taken the penalty is the playing "man-down" for the time serving portion of the rule violation, while the other team is player "man-up."
The generally consensus for who the greatest lacrosse player of all time is usually between three players: Jim Brown, Gary Gait, and John Grant.
Instruction: Given this paragraph, how much control of the world's cocaine market did the Cali Cartel have at its peak?
Context: The Cali Cartel (Spanish: Cartel de Cali) was a drug cartel based in southern Colombia, around the city of Cali and the Valle del Cauca. Its founders were the brothers Gilberto Rodríguez Orejuela, Miguel Rodríguez Orejuela and José Santacruz Londoño. They broke away from Pablo Escobar and his Medellín associates in 1987, when Hélmer "Pacho" Herrera joined what became a four-man executive board that ran the cartel.

At the height of the Cali Cartel's reign from 1993 to 1995, they were cited as having control of over 80% of the world's cocaine market and were said to be directly responsible for the growth of the cocaine market in Europe, controlling 80% of the market there as well. By the mid-1990s, the leaders of the Cali Cartel's multibillion-dollar international drug trafficking empire were operating a US$20 billion a year global criminal empire.
Response: At the Cali Cartel's peak from 1993 to 1995, they controlled over 80% of the world's cocaine market.
Instruction: Extract the 2021 Total Profit or Operating Income from the following text
Context: Type	Public
Traded as	
ASX: WBC
NZX: WBC
S&P/ASX 200 component
Industry	Banking
Financial services
Predecessor	Bank of New South Wales
Commercial Bank of Australia
Founded	8 April 1817 (as the Bank of New South Wales)
4 May 1982 (as Westpac Banking Corporation)
Headquarters	Westpac Place
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	John McFarlane (Chairman)
Peter King (CEO)
Products	Finance and insurance, consumer banking, corporate banking, investment banking, investment management, global wealth management, private equity, mortgages, credit cards
Operating income	Increase A$21.22 billion (2021)
Net income	Increase A$5.46 billion (2021)
Total assets	Increase A$935.88 billion (2021)
Total equity	Increase A$72.09 billion (2021)
Number of employees	40,143 (2021)
Subsidiaries	St George Bank
BankSA
Bank of Melbourne
Westpac New Zealand
Website	
westpac.com.au
westpac.co.nz
Response: The 2021 Operating Income was A$21.22 billion
Instruction: When was hailstorm island first photographed given this text
Context: Hailstorm Island is a rocky island, 0.5 kilometres (0.25 nmi) long, between Cameron Island and the east end of Burnett Island in the central part of the Swain Islands, Antarctica. It was first roughly mapped from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump, 1946–47, and included in a 1957 survey of the Swain Islands by Wilkes Station personnel under Carl R. Eklund. It was named by Eklund for Radioman Kenneth J. Hailstorm, U.S. Navy, a Naval support force member of the 1957 wintering party at Wilkes Station during the International Geophysical Year.
Response: 1946
Instruction: Give me a list of the five most recent NBA champions.
Response: 1. Golden State Warriors (2022)
2. Milwaukee Bucks (2021)
3. Los Angeles Lakers (2020)
4. Toronto Raptors (2019)
5. Golden State Warriors (2018)
Instruction: Which of the following items is the odd one out? Pacific, Atlantic, Baltic and Indian
Response: Pacific, Atlantic and Indian are all oceans. Therefore, Baltic is the odd one out as it is a sea.
Instruction: Who was Edward Gramlich
Context: Edward M. Gramlich (June 18, 1939 – September 5, 2007) was an American economist who served as a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors from 1997 to 2005. Gramlich was also an acting director of the Congressional Budget Office.

Gramlich graduated from Williams College in 1961 and received a master's degree in 1962 and a Ph.D. in economics in 1965 from Yale University. He joined the Federal Reserve as a research economist from 1965 to 1970, and was a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution from 1973 to 1976. He then taught economics and public policy at the University of Michigan from 1976 to 1997, including a term as dean of the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, and returned to Michigan as a professor in 2005.
Response: Edward M. Gramlich (June 18, 1939 – September 5, 2007) was an American economist who served as a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors from 1997 to 2005. Gramlich was also an acting director of the Congressional Budget Office.
Instruction: Why do people like to ski?
Response: Skiing is a fun outdoor sport that can be enjoyed solo or with friends or family. Skiing is relatively low impact, so that people can ski for many years. It is a great all-ages activity. Most mountains have varied terrain, so you can choose how beginner or advanced you'd like to ski each time you go. People who ski love the exercise they get from it and the thrill of sliding down the mountain. Unlike most sledding, while skiing, you have a chair lift that takes you up the hill, so you don't have to waste time or energy hiking up for your next run.
Instruction: What happens when you meditate?
Response: The art of meditation has a long prolonged positive effect on human behaviour and thinking. The mind is equated to a jumping monkey that doesn't remain quiet. The restlessness that it builds can lead to health issues and sometimes uncontrollable behaviour.  In general, meditation is to calm the mind and becoming the spectator or observer of the thoughts that rise in your consciousness. 

Now, let's break it down further ...

It first starts with understanding of the 'self' which can be equated to mind in loose terms. Experiences happen to you in your waking state and the mind first starts labelling things. Negative experiences are profoundly deep rooted then positive ones. All these experiences gradually defines how you react to situations that shapes your individual personality. Do you know that there is a spectator within your mind more like a dual personality? it is the subject - object thing. The spectator within you is the observer of things and is often neutral.

Idea of meditation is to remain a spectator for long periods of time and let fewer and fewer thoughts arise into your conscious state. At the end it leaves you a with a sense of accomplishment because as a spectator you're waiting and this deliberate attempt makes the thought (referred as devil) disappear.
Instruction: Give me a list of the most agreed upon supplements that are effective for maintaining general health
Response: 1) Vitamin D
2) Omega-3 Fish Oil
3) Creatine Monohydrate
4) Multi-vitamin

*Disclaimer - there are countless other supplements available; however, decades of research seems to have formed a consensus on the efficacy of these
Instruction: What is the Oakland Ski Club?
Response: The Oakland Ski Club (aka OSC) is a private membership club in Soda Springs, CA. Prospective members apply and require sponsorship from existing members and Board approval in order to be considered for membership. Members may reserve rooms at the OSC’s lodge, which are popular in the winter when a caretaker prepares meals. The lodge is located within walking distance of Sugar Bowl and Royal Gorge and a short drive from Palisades and Northstar resorts.
Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Xenacanthus, Seal
Response: Seal is alive, Xenacanthus is extinct.
Instruction: How long do bears hibernate?
Context: Bears use shelters, such as caves and logs, as their dens; most species occupy their dens during the winter for a long period of hibernation, up to 100 day
Response: Bears can hibernate up to 100 days in their dens during the winter
Instruction: What form of government is the United Kingdom?
Response: The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy
Instruction: What is the standard loft of a pitching wedge in golf?
Response: While technology has continued to impact golf club manufacturing, decreasing the standard loft of all clubs, today's standard pitching wedges have a range of 45-48 degrees of loft.
Instruction: Please summarize Micky Mouse's initial licensing and merchandising history
Context: The comic strip Mickey Mouse debuted on January 13, 1930, in New York Daily Mirror and by 1931, the strip was published in 60 newspapers in the U.S., and in twenty other countries. After realizing releasing merchandise based on the characters would generate more revenue for the company, in New York, a man asked Walt for the license to put Mickey Mouse on writing tablets he was manufacturing for $300. Walt agreed and Mickey Mouse became the first licensed character. In 1933, Walt asked Kay Karmen, the owner of an Kansas City advertising firm, to run Disney's merchandising; Karmen agreed and transformed Disney's merchandising. Within a year, Kamen had 40 licenses for Mickey Mouse and within two years, had made $35 million worth of sales. In 1934, Walt said he made more money from the merchandising of Mickey Mouse than from the character's films.
Response: The Mickey Mouse comic was first published on January 1930 in 60 newspapers in the U.S. and in 20 other countries. A man realized he could make more money by selling merchandise based on the characters from the comic and asked Walt for a license to put Mickey Mouse on his product. By 1934, Disney had 40 licenses for Mickey Mouse and by 1936, it had $35 million worth of sales, making more money from merchandising Mickey Mouse than from the character's films.
Instruction: What is Targetted Allele-Specific CRISPR/Cas9 Activation (TASCA)?
Response: The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a gene editing technology that allows for precise modification of the DNA sequence of a genome. Targetted Allele-Specific CRISPR/Cas9 Activation (TASCA) enables researchers to selectively activate a specific gene within a genome by targeting specific sequences of DNA and inducing the expression of the desired gene.

TASCA can be used in a variety of applications, such as gene therapy, drug discovery, and basic research on gene function. It offers a powerful tool for studying the role of specific genes in cellular processes and disease states.
Instruction: What is a lepton?
Response: A lepton is an elementary particle that interacts via the weak force and has a half-integer spin. Examples of leptons include the electron, muon and tau particles and their corresponding neutrinos - the electron neutrino, the muon neutron and the tau neutrino.
Instruction: Can dogs look up?
Response: Despite what the character "Big Al" in the 2004 Horror Comedy "Shaun of the Dead" thought, dogs can, indeed, look up. The film is responsible for perpetuating the myth even though in context the quote is meant to throw doubt on the validity of anything that "Big Al" says.
Instruction: Give me some great quotes about surviving in the wild.
Response: Some memorable quotes about survival include: 
"If you live among wolves you have to act like a wolf." - Nikita Khrushchev;
"I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately… and see if I could not learn what it had to teach.” - Henry David Thoreau:
"Hunger, love, pain, fear are some of those inner forces which rule the individual’s instinct for self-preservation.” - Albert Einstein;
"Extraordinary people survive under the most terrible circumstances and they become more extraordinary because of it.” - Robertson Davies;
"If quick, I survive. If not quick, I am lost. This is ‘death.'" - Sun Tzu and;
"Courage is not having the strength to go on; it is going on when you don’t have the strength.” - Theodore Roosevelt.
Instruction: What are the best camps ideas for kids?
Response: Kids camps cover many different activities, depending on the season, and the age of the children attending. Here are some fun camp ideas, that most kids will enjoy:
1. Sports camp - kids play different sports every day
2. Art camp - kids get a chance to use different materials to be creative
3. Sailing camp - if the child loves the water, sailing is a great activity to learn
4. Math & Reading camp - this might sound like school, but reading and math can be fun too, and specialized camps try to gamify these foundational academic skills
5. Adventure camp - give kids some freedom and a taste of the outdoors, adventure camps tend to involve hiking, kayaking or canoeing, exploring, and learning about the natural environment
Instruction: Extract the total number of employees  in 2021 at Westpac Bank in Australia?
Context: Type	Public
Traded as	
ASX: WBC
NZX: WBC
S&P/ASX 200 component
Industry	Banking
Financial services
Predecessor	Bank of New South Wales
Commercial Bank of Australia
Founded	8 April 1817 (as the Bank of New South Wales)
4 May 1982 (as Westpac Banking Corporation)
Headquarters	Westpac Place
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	John McFarlane (Chairman)
Peter King (CEO)
Products	Finance and insurance, consumer banking, corporate banking, investment banking, investment management, global wealth management, private equity, mortgages, credit cards
Operating income	Increase A$21.22 billion (2021)
Net income	Increase A$5.46 billion (2021)
Total assets	Increase A$935.88 billion (2021)
Total equity	Increase A$72.09 billion (2021)
Number of employees	40,143 (2021)
Subsidiaries	St George Bank
BankSA
Bank of Melbourne
Westpac New Zealand
Website	
westpac.com.au
westpac.co.nz
Response: 40,143 people
Instruction: if you have 2 ducks in front of a duck and 2 ducks behind a duck in a row, minimum how many ducks you have?
Response: The answer would be 3 as you can have this setup with a minimum of 3 ducks.
Instruction: What are the main disadvantages of electric cars versus combustion engine vehicles?
Response: Over the past few years, electric vehicles have gained traction amongst the public for different reasons. There are though, some challenges, that can reduce the speed of adoption. The following are some of the concerns associated with electric vehicles:
    
1. Higher upfront cost: Electric cars are generally more expensive to acquire than gasoline-powered cars, although this gap is narrowing. But, electric vehicles are typically cheaper to run and maintain. At this stage, they have achieved parity for the total cost of ownership.
2. Increased charging times: New electric cars can get to 80% of their range in less than half an hour when using fast charging stations, but that still slower than their combustion engine counterparts and many charging stations have lower speeds.
3. Limited charging infrastructure: Despite the expansion of electric vehicle charging facilities, their availability remains less extensive than that of gas stations. Consequently, careful trip planning may be necessary to guarantee access to charging stations when required.
4. Less range: New electric cars typically have a range of around 230-320 miles, which is still less than most of the combustion engine vehicles.
5. Reduced number of options: Given the relatively new interest from car manufacturers, fewer alternatives are available for individual use cases. It should still take a few years before the offering is similar.
Instruction: Who developed calculus and when was it discovered?
Response: Calculus was discovered in the late 17th century by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz.  Calculus is also required curriculum in most colleges and high schools if you study mathematics or physics.  Calculus deals with two main concepts - integration and differentiation.  These concepts and formulas in calculus help us understand rates of changes, and areas with respect to time.
Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Pleco or Place
Response: Pleco
Instruction: Is there any benefit to pain?
Context: Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli. The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage."

Pain motivates us to withdraw from damaging situations, to protect a damaged body part while it heals, and to avoid similar experiences in the future. Most pain resolves once the noxious stimulus is removed and the body has healed, but it may persist despite removal of the stimulus and apparent healing of the body. Sometimes pain arises in the absence of any detectable stimulus, damage or disease.
Response: Pain helps us withdraw from further severe damage to body
Instruction: Who was the president of China before Xi?
Response: It's Jingtao Hu. He was the president of China from 2003 to 2013.
Instruction: What made C. Shannon Bacon famous
Context: C. Shannon Bacon (born 1971/1972) is an American attorney, legal scholar, and jurist serving as the chief justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court.

Early life and education
Bacon was raised in North Valley, New Mexico. She earned a Bachelor of Arts from Creighton University in Omaha and a Juris Doctor from the Creighton University School of Law.

Career
After graduating from law school, Bacon returned to Albuquerque, where she was admitted to the State Bar of New Mexico in 1997. She was formerly partner at a pair of Albuquerque law firms and clerked under Judge A. Joseph Alarid at the New Mexico Court of Appeals. Bacon is an adjunct professor at the University of New Mexico School of Law, where she teaches courses on evidence and trial practice.

Bacon identifies as a lesbian. She is the first openly LGBT member of the New Mexico Supreme Court.[citation needed]
Response: C. Shannon Bacon (born 1971/1972) is an American attorney, legal scholar, and jurist serving as the chief justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court. Bacon identifies as a lesbian. She is the first openly LGBT member of the New Mexico Supreme Court.

Bacon was raised in North Valley, New Mexico. She earned a Bachelor of Arts from Creighton University in Omaha and a Juris Doctor from the Creighton University School of Law.

After graduating from law school, Bacon returned to Albuquerque, where she was admitted to the State Bar of New Mexico in 1997. She was formerly partner at a pair of Albuquerque law firms and clerked under Judge A. Joseph Alarid at the New Mexico Court of Appeals. Bacon is an adjunct professor at the University of New Mexico School of Law, where she teaches courses on evidence and trial practice.
Instruction: Write a concise and somewhat funny email about making a betting pool for the 2023 Masters golf tournament
Response: From: Me
To: Friend
Subject: 2023 Masters Betting Pool

Hi Closest Friends,

April has arrived, the Easter Bunny is coming and although the azaleas have all died from blooming too early and then freezing, the Masters will go on! 

It should be an eventful year with Tiger (aka the GOAT) making his return, Koepka coming off a huge win on the LIV tour, the incredible golf program that is University of Florida (aka Billy Horschel) looking for their first Masters champion, and many more. We plan on having the 101st annual Master's draft on Tuesday around 10PM EST.  

See you there. Cheers!

- Me
Instruction: Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: Dodge, Foton
Response: Foton is Chinese, Dodge is American
Instruction: Can you offer tips for visiting Mexico City for fun?
Response: Located in the center of Mexico, Mexico City is in the high central plateau.  It is the capital of Mexico and the 5th largest city in the world.  The average temperature ranges from 54-61 degrees Fahrenheit and traffic is much more tolerable compared with the other large Metro Areas in the US like San Fransisco and Los Angeles. The city has lots of greenspace and has a “European” feel. Some practical tips when traveling to Mexico City, include 1. using the ride sharing app Didi, which is more popular than Uber or Lyft in Mexico City, to get around the city; 2. tipping is recommended and servers accept tips for small favors; 3.withdrawing money from ATM machines usually has high foreign transaction fees so it is better to exchange money at the airport or before arriving; 4. food is fantastic! Visitors will enjoy food at both upscale restaurants and low-key food trucks.
Instruction: what is petrified wood
Context: Petrified wood, also known as petrified tree (from Ancient Greek πέτρα meaning 'rock' or 'stone'; literally 'wood turned into stone'), is the name given to a special type of fossilized wood, the fossilized remains of terrestrial vegetation. Petrifaction is the result of a tree or tree-like plants having been replaced by stone via a mineralization process that often includes permineralization and replacement. The organic materials making up cell walls have been replicated with minerals (mostly silica in the form of opal, chalcedony, or quartz). In some instances, the original structure of the stem tissue may be partially retained. Unlike other plant fossils, which are typically impressions or compressions, petrified wood is a three-dimensional representation of the original organic material.

The petrifaction process occurs underground, when wood becomes buried in water or volcanic ash. The presence of water reduces the availability of oxygen which inhibits aerobic decomposition by bacteria and fungi. Mineral-laden water flowing through the sediments may lead to permineralization, which occurs when minerals precipitate out of solution filling the interiors of cells and other empty spaces. During replacement, the plant's cell walls act as a template for mineralization. There needs to be a balance between the decay of cellulose and lignin and mineral templating for cellular detail to be preserved with fidelity. Most of the organic matter often decomposes, however some of the lignin may remain. Silica in the form of opal-A, can encrust and permeate wood relatively quickly in hot spring environments. However, petrified wood is most commonly associated with trees that were buried in fine grained sediments of deltas and floodplains or volcanic lahars and ash beds. A forest where such material has petrified becomes known as a petrified forest.
Response: Petrified wood is one of fossils, it is a plant which the inner part has been replaced by stone by compressions and impressions through millions of years
Instruction: Give me a list of Indian dishes that I can make for a house party
Response: Some popular Indian dishes that you can consider for a house party can be:
- Pav Bhaji 
- Paneer Tikka Masala 
- Butten Chicken 
- Gol Gappe 
- Palak Paneer 
- Vindaloo 
- Chicken Biryani 
- Garlic Naan
- Yellow Daal or Daal Tadka 
- Black Daal 

Be sure to pair it with some popular indian drinks like 
- Mango Lassi 
- Chai 
- Lemon Sherbet 
- Kingfisher Beer
Instruction: What is the origin of the western numeral system?
Response: The western numeral system that we use today, and that is represented by the numbers 0 through 10,  is also called European digits, Arabic numerals, or Hindu-Arabic numerals. The reason that it is linked to the Middle East is that in the 10th century, Arabic speakers introduced the system into Europe. However these numbers can be further traced back to their Indian origins.
Instruction: Given a reference text about the incudomalleolar joint, tell me its main function.
Context: The incudomalleolar joint (more correctly called incudomallear joint) or articulatio incudomallearis is a small synovial joint between the malleus (hammer) and the incus (anvil). The joint's function is to transfer vibrations between the ossicles in the middle ear, which is perceived as sound. Contrary to other synovial joints the movement is very limited. All of the ossicles move more or less as a unit, at least at low frequencies.

When the eardrum is moved inward due to sound vibrations, transferred through the outer ear, it transmits to the handle or manubrium of the malleus which is connected to the ear drum. The head of the malleus (caput mallei) moves with it and transfers energy/movement to the corpus of the incus (corpus incudis), which is located directly behind. The sound vibrations are then transferred to the stapes (stirrup) through the incudostapedial joint.
Response: The function of the incudomalleolar joint is to transfer vibrations between the ossicles in the middle ear.
Instruction: What is the size a tennis ball?
Context: Tennis balls were originally made of cloth strips stitched together with thread and stuffed with feathers. Modern tennis balls are made of hollow vulcanized rubber with a felt coating. Traditionally white, the predominant colour was gradually changed to optic yellow in the latter part of the 20th century to allow for improved visibility. Tennis balls must conform to certain criteria for size, weight, deformation, and bounce to be approved for regulation play. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) defines the official diameter as 65.41–68.58 mm (2.575–2.700 in). Balls must weigh between 56.0 and 59.4 g (1.98 and 2.10 oz).
Response: Tennis balls are 65.41–68.58 millimeters or 2.575–2.700 inches in diameter.
Instruction: Where was the first ever India and USA armed forces Tri-Services Exercise Tiger Triumph help?
Response: The first ever India and USA armed forces Tri-Services Exercise Tiger Triumph was held in Kikinada Coast, India
Instruction: How long is a professional football field.
Response: A professional football field is 100 yards long.
Instruction: Which of these are dog and which are birds: Phoenix, Siberian Husky, Alaskan Malamute, Hawk, Border Collie, Labrador,  Araucana
Response: Birds: Phoenix, Siberian Husky, Alaskan Malamute, Border Collie, Labrador
Dogs:  Siberian Husky, Alaskan Malamute, Border Collie, Labrador
Instruction: What is viscosity?
Response: Viscosity is a measurement of how a substance flows due to its consistency as a fluid or semifluid. A lower viscosity substance, like water, will flow more easily than a higher viscosity substance, like honey.
Instruction: How does a paraglider work?
Response: A paraglider works by leveraging airflow to create lift. Air flows over both the top and bottom of the glider and meets at the edge. Due to the specific shape of the paraglider it creates more pressure on the bottom of the glider than on the top, this creates lift upwards much like an airplane wing.
Instruction: Classify each of these mammals as either marsupial or placental
Response: Marsupial: kangaroo, koala, wallaby, wombat, opossum, bandicoot, possum, glider

Placental: cow, dog, sloth, rhinoceros, camel, horse, sheep, humans, elephant, manatee, anteater, cat, bat, pig, deer, giraffe, goat, alpaca, llama

Marsupials give birth to undeveloped young that are carried in a pouch located on their mothers' abdomen until they're fully developed.

Placental mammals carry a young the fetus in the uterus of its mother to a relatively late stage of development.
Instruction: What's Jiang's theoretical contribution?
Context: Jiang Zemin (17 August 1926 – 30 November 2022) was a Chinese politician who served as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1989 to 2002, as chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as president of China from 1993 to 2003. Jiang was paramount leader of China from 1989 to 2002. He was the core leader of the third generation of Chinese leadership, one of four core leaders alongside Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Xi Jinping.

Born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Jiang joined the CCP while he was in college. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, he received training at the Stalin Automobile Works in Moscow in the 1950s, later returning to Shanghai in 1962 to serve in various institutes, later being sent between 1970-1972 to Romania as part of an expert team to establish machinery manufacturing plants in the country. After 1979, he was appointed as the vice chair of two commissions by vice premier Gu Mu to oversee the newly-established special economic zones (SEZs). He became the vice minister of the newly-established Ministry of Electronics Industry and a member of the CCP Central Committee in 1982.

Jiang was appointed as the mayor of Shanghai in 1985, later being promoted to its Communist Party secretary, as well as a member of the CCP Politburo, in 1987. Jiang came to power unexpectedly as a compromise candidate following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, when he replaced Zhao Ziyang as CCP general secretary after Zhao was ousted for his support for the student movement. As the involvement of the "Eight Elders" in Chinese politics steadily declined, Jiang consolidated his hold on power to become the "paramount leader" in the country during the 1990s. Urged by Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in 1992, Jiang officially introduced the term "socialist market economy" in his speech during the 14th CCP National Congress held later that year, which accelerated "opening up and reform".

Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial economic growth with the continuation of market reforms. The returning of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom in 1997 and of Macau from Portugal in 1999, and entry into the World Trade Organisation in 2001, were landmark moments of his era. China also witnessed improved relations with the outside world, while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the state. Jiang faced criticism over human rights abuses, including the crackdown on the Falun Gong movement. His contributions to party doctrine, known as the "Three Represents", were written into the CCP constitution in 2002. Jiang gradually vacated his official leadership titles from 2002 to 2005, being succeeded in these roles by Hu Jintao, although he and his political faction continued to influence affairs until much later. On 30 November 2022, Jiang died from leukemia and multiple organ failure in Shanghai.
Response: The Three Represents
Instruction: What are some common ways to manage Type 1 Diabetes?
Response: Two items are needed for successful management of Type 1 Diabetes. A way to monitor blood sugar levels and a way to administer insulin. 

Blood sugar monitoring is done either using a Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) device or with a blood sugar monitoring device where a small blood sample is required in order to measure the amount of sugar in the blood.

The maintenance of glucose level in the body is regulated with insulin. Insulin can either be administered with a syringe or with an insulin pump.
Instruction: Why and how are people choosing to electrify their homes?
Response: An increasingly popular trend is to replace dirty appliances (in other words, those that consume gas or other carbon-based fuel sources) with clean energy appliances (typically those powered by electricity that is in turn generated by solar or wind power). The main motivation for doing so is to reduce a household's carbon footprint and help address global warming. Government incentives, economies of scale and technological innovation have also made it possible for consumers to save money by changing to electric appliances. The most common household appliances that have traditionally been powered by gas are the furnace, water heater, stove, air conditioning unit, and dryer. Replacements for these appliances include heat pumps that can replace both the furnace and air conditioner, electric water heaters and dryers, and induction stoves. To power these electric appliances in environmentally friendly ways, consumers are either generating the electricity on their property by installing rooftop solar panels or they are selecting green energy sources when they pick their plan from their local utility provider.
Instruction: are the following musical instruments or not?
typewriter
computer
guitar
violin
flute
bedsheets
bat
ball
piano
harmonium
tabla
blinds
Response: musical instruments: guitar, violin, flute, piano, harmonium, tabla
not musical instruments: typewriter, computer, bedsheets, bat, ball, blinds
Instruction: What is an AVA when it comes to wine?
Response: AVA stands for American Viticultural Area, which is a designation for legally defined and protected areas (known as appellations) for wine vineyards. This tells a consumer where the grapes that were used in the wine were grown.
Instruction: What is the “infield” in baseball?
Response: The infield is the area of a baseball field that extends from home base out past first, second and third bases. The infield is usually a dirt surface, and the outfield begins where the dirt turns to grass.
Instruction: Which Philip K. Dick novel was the basis for the movie "Blade Runner"?
Response: Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
Instruction: Why do you love Biriyani?
Response: Because it's flavorful
Instruction: Classify each of the following as an electric or gas vehicle: Tesla Model Y, Kia Telluride, Lexus IS250, Mustang Mach-e, Chevy Bolt, Toyota Rav4
Response: Tesla Model Y: Electric Vehicle
Kia Telluride: Gas Vehicle
Lexus IS250: Gas Vehicle
Mustang Mach-e: Electric Vehicle
Chevy Bolt: Electric Vehicle
Toyota Rav4: Gas Vehicle
Instruction: Why is the Alabama's football team called the Crimson Tide?
Response: The football team was called the Thin Red Line or some may know it as the Crimson White. During 1907 The University of Alabama played their rival Auburn in Birmingham, AL and the soil described as an iron rich color later turned into red mud and stained the Alabama football players white jerseys. It is known that Sports editor Hugh Roberts said the team played like a "Crimson Tide" and since then the name remained.
Instruction: What is a nickname of Jiang Zemin
Context: Moha (Chinese: 膜蛤; pinyin: Mó Há, pronounced [muǒ.xǎ]), literally "admiring toad" or "toad worship", is an internet meme spoofing Jiang Zemin, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and paramount leader. It originated among the netizens in mainland China and has become a subculture on the Chinese internet. According to another explanation, it comes from China's social media Baidu Tieba. In the culture, Jiang is nicknamed há, or "toad", because of his supposed resemblance to a toad. Netizens who móhá (worship the toad) call themselves "toad fans", "toad lovers" or "toad worshippers" (simplified Chinese: 蛤丝; traditional Chinese: 蛤絲), or "mogicians" (膜法师; 膜法師) which is a wordplay on mófǎshī (魔法师; 魔法師, magician) in Mandarin.[note 1]

Another nickname for Jiang is "elder" or "senior" (长者; 長者; Zhǎngzhě), because he once called himself an "elder" or "senior" when he was berating Hong Kong journalist Sharon Cheung who questioned him. A video clip recording this event spread on the internet and led to the rise of the culture, which later greatly rose in popularity around 2014, when Hong Kong was experiencing a period of political instability. Initially, netizens extracted Jiang's quotes from the video and imitated his wording and tone, for parody and insult. However, as the culture developed, some imitations have taken to carrying affection toward him. The quotes for imitation have also evolved to include what he said during his leadership, and in his personal life.
Response: Elder or senior
Instruction: Given the reference text below, what is Isthmohyla debilis?
Context: Isthmohyla debilis is a rare species of frog in the family Hylidae. It occurs in the Atlantic slopes of the Cordillera Central and Cordillera Talamanca in Costa Rica and western Panama as well as on the Pacific slopes in southwestern Panama. Common name Isla Bonita treefrog has been suggested for it (the type locality is "Isla Bonita" in Costa Rica).
Response: Isthmohyla debilis is a rare species of Frog that is found in Costa Rica and Panama.
Instruction: Given this reference text about cargo ships, when was the USS West Gate launched?
Context: USS West Gate (ID-3216) was a cargo ship for the United States Navy during World War I. The ship was laid down as SS War Agate, but she was launched in January 1918 as SS West Gate instead.
Response: January 1918
Instruction: Who was the American president for the majority of WWII?
Response: FDR was the American president for most of the second World War
Instruction: In Frank Herbert's Dune novel, why is the spice valuable?
Context: Sandworms are colossal, worm-like creatures that live on the desert planet Arrakis. The sandworms' larvae produce a drug called melange (known colloquially as "the spice"), the most essential and valuable commodity in the universe because it makes safe and accurate interstellar travel possible. Melange deposits are found in the sand seas of Arrakis, where the sandworms live and hunt, and harvesting the spice from the sand is a dangerous activity because sandworms are aggressive and territorial. Harvesting vehicles must be airlifted in and out of the sand sea in order to evade sandworm attacks. The struggle over the production and supply of melange is a central theme of the Dune saga.
Response: The spice is valuable because it is a scarce resource that is crucial to interstellar travel. The spice is scarce because it can be found only on planet Arrakis, and its extraction is difficult due to the presence of sandorms.
Instruction: Why do people read books?
Response: People may read books for a number of reasons.  Most commonly, people either read books for entertainment, or for information.  These types of books are generally separated into fiction and non-fiction books.  A fiction book may craft a story for the reader to consume, exciting their mind by the premise of this new world the author paints for them.  A non-fiction book can provide useful information to the reader, and help them learn a new subject.