ssanni/dolly-15k-RP huggingface dataset:
Instruction: Given this reference text, how was the cheeseburger invented?
Context: By the late 19th century, the vast grasslands of the Great Plains had been opened up for cattle ranching. This made it possible for many Americans to consume beef almost daily. The hamburger remains as one of the cheapest sources of beef in America.

Adding cheese to hamburgers became popular in 1920. There are several competing claims as to who created the first cheeseburger. Lionel Sternberger is reputed to have introduced the cheeseburger in 1924 at the age of 16. He was working as a fry cook at his father's Pasadena, California sandwich shop, "The Rite Spot", and "experimentally dropped a slab of American cheese on a sizzling hamburger." An early example of the cheeseburger appearing on a menu is a 1928 menu for the Los Angeles restaurant O'Dell's which listed a cheeseburger smothered with chili for 25 cents.

Other restaurants also claim to have invented the cheeseburger. For example, Kaelin's Restaurant in Louisville, Kentucky, said it invented the cheeseburger in 1934. One year later, a trademark for the name "cheeseburger" was awarded to Louis Ballast of the Humpty Dumpty Drive-In in Denver, Colorado. According to Steak 'n Shake archives, the restaurant's founder, Gus Belt, applied for a trademark on the word in the 1930s.

An A&W Restaurants franchise in Lansing, Michigan is credited with inventing the bacon cheeseburger in 1963, putting it on the menu after repeated requests from the same customer.

The steamed cheeseburger, a variation almost exclusively served in central Connecticut, is believed to have been invented at a restaurant called Jack's Lunch in Middletown, Connecticut, in the 1930s.

The largest cheeseburger ever made weighed 2,014 pounds (914 kg). It is said to have included "60 pounds (27 kg) of bacon, 50 pounds (23 kg) of lettuce, 50 pounds (23 kg) of sliced onions, 40 pounds (18 kg) of pickles, and 40 pounds (18 kg) of cheese." This record was set in 2012 by Minnesota's Black Bear Casino, smashing the previous record of 881 pounds (400 kg).

In the United States, National Cheeseburger Day is celebrated annually on September 18.
Response: The cheeseburger was invented after the late 19th century after the vast grasslands of the Great Plains opened up for cattle ranching. Once this happened Americans consumed meat daily of which ground beef/hamburger meat was the most affordable.  In 1920, adding cheese to the hamburger meat popular.  It is said that Lionel Sternberger invented the cheeseburger in 1924 while working at his father's sandwich shop.
Instruction: Describe a Pink Flyod's concert
Response: Attending a Pink Floyd concert is an unforgettable experience. The band's legendary shows were known for their mesmerizing light shows, innovative visuals, and immersive soundscapes that took audiences on a journey through time and space.

As the lights dimmed and the iconic Pink Floyd prism logo appeared on the stage, the crowd erupted in cheers and applause. The opening notes of "Shine On You Crazy Diamond" filled the arena, and the band appeared on stage, their silhouettes shrouded in smoke and fog.

The band members seamlessly transitioned from one song to the next, with each track taking the audience on a journey through Pink Floyd's extensive discography. The pulsating rhythms of "Another Brick in the Wall" and "Money" had the crowd dancing and singing along, while the haunting melodies of "Comfortably Numb" and "Wish You Were Here" elicited tears from some.

But it wasn't just the music that made the Pink Floyd concert so mesmerizing. The light show and visuals were equally stunning. Giant inflatables of Pink Floyd's iconic characters, including the famous pig from the "Animals" album cover, floated above the stage, while lasers and projections created a psychedelic atmosphere that enhanced the music.

As the band reached the epic finale of "Echoes," the audience was transported to another world, with the intricate soundscapes and otherworldly visuals creating an otherworldly experience. The band then took their final bow, and the crowd erupted in a standing ovation, still buzzing from the incredible show they had just witnessed.

A Pink Floyd concert was more than just a musical performance, it was a theatrical experience that transcended the boundaries of conventional concerts, creating an unforgettable journey through music and visuals that left audiences in awe.
Instruction: What is the difference between a Software Engineer and a Data Engineer
Response: Even though often contested, there are still apparent separation of focus areas between Software Engineers and Data Engineers in today's data driven world. A Software engineer focuses mostly on code, scripting templates, CICD, i.e. has a code first mindset. A Data Engineer on the other hand has a data first mindset, i.e. focuses on data organization, separation, structure, curation, aggregation. Their responsibilities may very well overlap, and are often performed by the same team, or even the same person, but there is always scope for defining the roles separately.
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Bell plate, Hululu
Response: Hululu is string, Bell plate is percussion.
Instruction: Who is the founder of the Pilates method?
Response: The Pilates method was founded by Joseph Pilates in the 1920s and 30s.  This exercise method was built around apparatus that Joseph created while interned with German prisoners in WWI England.  The apparatus contained springs and pulleys and were designed to promote rehabilitation through whole-body movement and complete muscular control.
Instruction: How are volcanoes formed?
Response: Volcanoes are formed when magma from within the Earth's upper mantle works its way to the surface. At the surface, it erupts to form lava flows and ash deposits. Over time as the volcano continues to erupt, it will get bigger and bigger.
Instruction: Given this text about gradient descent, what is gradient descent, and who invented it?
Context: In mathematics, gradient descent (also often called steepest descent) is a first-order iterative optimization algorithm for finding a local minimum of a differentiable function. The idea is to take repeated steps in the opposite direction of the gradient (or approximate gradient) of the function at the current point, because this is the direction of steepest descent. Conversely, stepping in the direction of the gradient will lead to a local maximum of that function; the procedure is then known as gradient ascent.

Gradient descent is generally attributed to Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who first suggested it in 1847. Jacques Hadamard independently proposed a similar method in 1907. Its convergence properties for non-linear optimization problems were first studied by Haskell Curry in 1944, with the method becoming increasingly well-studied and used in the following decades.
Response: In mathematics,  gradient descent (also often called steepest descent) is a first-order iterative optimization algorithm for finding a local minimum of a differentiable function. Gradient descent is generally attributed to Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who first suggested it in 1847
Instruction: Based on the following paragraph on paleontology, what's the difference between paleontology and archaeology?
Context: Paleontology lies on the border between biology and geology, but differs from archaeology in that it excludes the study of anatomically modern humans. It now uses techniques drawn from a wide range of sciences, including biochemistry, mathematics, and engineering. Use of all these techniques has enabled paleontologists to discover much of the evolutionary history of life, almost all the way back to when Earth became capable of supporting life, nearly 4 billion years ago. As knowledge has increased, paleontology has developed specialised sub-divisions, some of which focus on different types of fossil organisms while others study ecology and environmental history, such as ancient climates.
Response: Paleontology differs from archaeology in that archaeology includes the study of anatomically modern humans whereas paleontology does not.
Instruction: Classify each of the following as characters in the 2003 reboot of Battlestar Galactica or Pokemon: Starbuck, Admiral Adama, Snorlax, Lee Adama, Dugtrio, Gaius Baltar, Laura Roslin, Venusaur, Lapras
Response: Battlestar Galactica: Starbuck, Admiral Adam, Lee Adama, Gaius Baltar, Laura Roslin
Pokemon: Snorlax, Dugtrio, Venosaur, Lapras, Venusaur
Instruction: Please give me a short description of each of the three categories of performance that Bharatanatyam follows.
Context: The repertoire of Bharatanatyam, like all major classical Indian dance forms, follows the three categories of performance in the Natya Shastra. These are Nritta (Nirutham), Nritya (Niruthiyam) and Natya (Natyam).

The Nritta performance is abstract, fast and rhythmic aspect of the dance. The viewer is presented with pure movement in Bharatanatyam, wherein the emphasis is the beauty in motion, form, speed, range and pattern. This part of the repertoire has no interpretative aspect, no telling of story. It is a technical performance, and aims to engage the senses (prakriti) of the audience.
The Nritya is slower and expressive aspect of the dance that attempts to communicate feelings, storyline particularly with spiritual themes in Hindu dance traditions. In a nritya, the dance-acting expands to include silent expression of words through gestures and body motion set to musical notes. The actor articulates a legend or a spiritual message. This part of a Bharatanatyam repertoire is more than sensory enjoyment, it aims to engage the emotions and mind of the viewer.
The Natyam is a play, typically a team performance, but can be acted out by a solo performer where the dancer uses certain standardized body movements to indicate a new character in the underlying story. A Natya incorporates the elements of a Nritya.
Response: 1. Nritta: This is the pure movement aspect of the dance of Bharatanatyam. The dancer showcases movements in varying form, speed, range and levels. 
2. Nritya: This is the expressive aspect of the dance, wherein the dancer tells a story, usually of a spiritual theme of Hindu tradition, through both facial expressions and movements.
3. Natyam: This is the theatrical aspect of the dance, where the dancer incorporates the elements of Nritya, to enact different characters of a play. This can be performed either solo or as a team.
Instruction: Identify which of the following airlines are now defunct: Eastern Air Lines, Alaska Airlines, Virgin America Airlines, Virgin Atlantic Airlines, Pan American World Airways, Tower Air, Braniff International Airways, jetBlue, Spirit Airlines, Flybe
Response: Eastern Air Lines, Virgin America Airlines, Pan American World Airways, Tower Air, Braniff International Airways, Flybe
Instruction: Find all of the Amsterdam museums mentioned in the text and put them in a numbered list.
Context: Amsterdam's main attractions include its historic canals; the Rijksmuseum, the state museum with a vast collection of Dutch Golden Age art; the Van Gogh Museum; the Dam Square, where the Royal Palace of Amsterdam and former city hall (stadhuis) are located; the Amsterdam Museum; Stedelijk Museum, with modern art; Hermitage Amsterdam, the Concertgebouw concert hall; the Anne Frank House; the Het Scheepvaartmuseum, the Heineken Experience, the Natura Artis Magistra; Hortus Botanicus, NEMO, the red-light district and many cannabis coffee shops. The city is also well known for its nightlife and festival activity; with several of its nightclubs (Melkweg, Paradiso) among the world's most famous. Primarily known for its artistic heritage, elaborate canal system and narrow canal houses with gabled façades; well-preserved legacies of the city's 17th-century Golden Age, and the establishment of the Van Gogh Museum, displaying the work of the famous Dutch modern artist, have attracted millions of visitors to Amsterdam annually.
Response: The Amsterdam museums mentioned in this text are:
1. Rijksmuseum
2. Van Gogh Museum
3. Amsterdam Museum
4. Stedelijk Museum
5. Hermitage Amsterdam
6. Anne Frank House
7. Het Scheepvaartmuseum
8. NEMO
Instruction: How does one prepare for interviews at consulting firms?
Response: Use case study books that are available to practice the case studies in interviews. Often the business schools will have copies of the case study material. In addition, there will be a leadership assessment that is done using examples of projects executed by the interviewee.  Consulting companies like BCG, Bain and McKinsey conduct assessment around Problem solving, structuring, leadership, and empathy/EQ. In addition, some of the questions may require estimations, understanding graphs and doing rough calculations. Interviewee is expected to diagnose the issue, and likely root cause. While evaluating, it is ok to share your thinking and approach to solving the problem. Practicing with your peers helps a lot.
Instruction: Classify each of the following as a bone or muscle: pectoral, bicep, femur, tibia, tricep, calf, skull
Response: Pectoral: Muscle
Bicep: Muscle
Femur: Bone
Tibia: Bone
Tricep: Muscle
Calf: Muscle
Skull: Bone
Instruction: Tell if these are sports done in water, on land or both: triathlon, biathlon, water polo, sailing, crew, beach volleyball, basketball
Response: Triathlon is done on both land and water, biathlon is done on land, water polo is done in water, sailing is done in water, crew is done in water, beach volleyball is done on land and basketball is done on land
Instruction: How can I become a private pilot?
Response: First, determine what type of pilot you want to become. There are different requirements for private and commercial pilots. Next, enroll in a flight training school or find a certified instructor. You'll also need to find a medical professional who can issue you a 1st or 2nd class medical certificate. You'll be up in the air quickly after that but must pass the FAA written exam, accumulate enough training hours, and pass a final check ride before you earn your pilot certificate.
Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of brands that make golf clubs
Response: - Taylormade
- Titleist 
- Callaway
- Ping
- Cobra
- PXG
Instruction: List some capital cities that begin with the letter S.
Response: Capital cities starting with the letter "S" include;  San Marino, Santiago, Seoul,  Singapore, Stockholm and Sydney.
Instruction: From the passage provided, what is the name of the group that the player character is a part of?
Context: Elden Ring takes place in the Lands Between, a fictional landmass ruled over by several demigods. It was previously ruled over by the immortal Queen Marika, who acted as keeper of the Elden Ring, a powerful force that manifested as the physical concept of order. When Marika eventually shattered the Elden Ring and disappeared, her demigod children began warring over pieces of the Ring in an event called the Shattering. Each demigod possesses a shard of the Ring called a Great Rune, which corrupts them with power. In the game, the player character is a Tarnished, one of a group of exiles from the Lands Between who are summoned back after the Shattering. As one of the Tarnished, the player must traverse the realm to repair the Elden Ring and become the Elden Lord.
Response: The player character is a Tarnished.
Instruction: Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Sheep, Caracal
Response: Sheep is domesticated, Caracal is wild
Instruction: Classify each of the following as either cities in Europe or in the United States: Sevilla, Boston, Miami, Dallas, New York, Paris, Frankfurt, Seattle, Milan
Response: Sevilla, Paris, Frankfurt and Milan are cities in Europe.
Boston, Miami, Dallas, New York and Seattle are cities in the United States.
Instruction: Does Jukebox contain many original songs?
Context: Jukebox is the eleventh studio album by Australian pop vocal group Human Nature released in October 2014. It contains covers from the 1950s and 1960s, with one original song, "End of Days"
Response: No, it contains covers from the 1950s and 1960s, with only one original song.
Instruction: Tell me what league each of the following teams play in:
Anaheim Ducks
Baltimore Ravens
St. Louis Cardinals
Atlanta Falcons
Toronto Raptors
New Orleans Pelicans
Arizona Cardinals
Atlanta Hawks
Baltimore Orioles
Seattle Seahawks
Pittsburgh Penguins
Philadelphia Eagles
Toronto Blue Jays
Response: Here are the leagues the teams you mentioned play in:
Anaheim Ducks - NHL
Baltimore Ravens - NFL
St. Louis Cardinals - MLB
Atlanta Falcons - NFL
Toronto Raptors - NBA
New Orleans Pelicans - NBA
Arizona Cardinals - NFL
Atlanta Hawks - NBA
Baltimore Orioles - MLB
Seattle Seahawks - NFL
Pittsburgh Penguins - NHL
Philadelphia Eagles - NFL
Toronto Blue Jays - MLB
Instruction: What is the significance of a diploma?
Context: A diploma is a document awarded by an educational institution (such as a college or university) testifying the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies. Historically, it has also referred to a charter or official document of diplomacy.
Response: A diploma testifies the recipient has graduated by successfully completing their courses of studies.
Instruction: Name some famous hindi film actresses
Response: Here is a list of some famous hindi actresses  - Priyanka Chopra, Aishwarya Rai, Deepika Padukone, Alia Bhatt, Anushka Sharma and Katrina Kaif
Instruction: Why is it so difficult to make every free throw in basketball?
Response: Making every free throw in basketball requires the perfect form every time, allowing for only a slight variation in shooting motion. Anything beyond that will cause the ball to miss the sweet spot, resulting in a miss. Although muscle memory is very powerful, it is difficult to execute the exact same form every time. As a result, it requires a lot of practice in order to be good at shooting free throws.
Instruction: What programming languages does freeCodeCamp teach to students?
Context: freeCodeCamp (also referred to as Free Code Camp) is a non-profit organization that consists of an interactive learning web platform, an online community forum, chat rooms, online publications and local organizations that intend to make learning web development accessible to anyone. Beginning with tutorials that introduce students to HTML, CSS and JavaScript, students progress to project assignments that they complete either alone or in pairs. Upon completion of all project tasks, students are partnered with other nonprofits to build web applications, giving the students practical development experience.
Response: freeCodeCamp is a non-profit organization that has tutorials that introduce students to HTML, CSS and JavaScript.
Instruction: How did Niagara Falls form?
Response: Scientists believe a glacier originally formed the falls toward the end of the Ice Age some 13,000 years ago when tons of ice melted and eroded over time. Erosion caused the river bed to drop like a cliff, and the river continued to flow over what is now known as Niagara Falls. This slow process still occurs today when the water freezes and thaws, wearing away and moving more rock under the river surface, causing the falls to move farther upstream.
Instruction: What style of music is the Grateful Dead?
Response: The Grateful Dead span many genres and have bene influenced by many styles of music, which is evident in the variety one experiences across albums, live shows and eras throughout the band's history. They have also had many band members come and go and each have brought a different influence to the bands repertoire. Many evident styles are folk, jazz, ragtime, rock and roll, and country. The broad spectrum of styles is likely the reason they have such a large following.
Instruction: Name different kinds of cheese
Response: mozzarella, cheddar, gorgonzola, swiss, bleu, provolone, gouda, pepper jack, parmesan, cottage, asiago, brie, devil's gulch, ricotta, Gruyère, stilton, feta, & havarti
Instruction: What coloring of cat is almost always female?
Response: Calico cats are almost always female.
Instruction: Tell me which of the following numbers are whole numbers and which are integers: -9, -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Response: Whole numbers include all positive numbers and 0: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Integers are numbers that include positive and negative numbers and 0: -9, -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Whole numbers are a subset of Integers.
Instruction: Who is country singer Jordan Davis
Context: Jordan Carl Wheeler Davis (born March 30, 1988) is an American country pop singer and songwriter. He is signed to Universal Music Group Nashville's MCA Nashville division, for which he has released one album and two extended plays.

Jordan Carl Wheeler Davis was born in Shreveport, Louisiana, to mother Luwanna and father Ricky. He has a brother, Jacob Davis (who is also a country singer), and a sister, Jentry. His uncle, Stan Paul Davis, wrote Tracy Lawrence's hit singles "Today's Lonely Fool" and "Better Man, Better Off". He attended C. E. Byrd High School before graduating college with an Environmental Science degree from Louisiana State University.

After graduation, he moved to Nashville in 2012, and secured a recording contract with Universal Music Group Nashville in 2016.

Davis's debut single, "Singles You Up", came out in mid-2017. He wrote the song with Steven Dale Jones and Justin Ebach. It hit number one on the Billboard Country Airplay chart in April 2018. The corresponding debut album, Home State, was released on March 23, 2018. Paul DiGiovanni, guitarist for Boys Like Girls, produced the album. "Take It from Me" was released to country radio on May 7, 2018; it was the second single from the album. It reached number two on the Country Airplay chart in March 2019. The album's third single, "Slow Dance in a Parking Lot" released to country radio on April 22, 2019, and also topped Country Airplay.

In May 2020, Davis announced the release of his self-titled extended play, which was produced by Paul DiGiovanni. Davis said "I can't tell y'all how pumped I am for y'all to hear these songs. I'm proud of this one." The EP was preceded by the release of "Cool Anymore", "Detours", and "Almost Maybes". Davis is nominated for ACM Song of the Year and Single of the Year with "Buy Dirt" featuring Luke Bryan. They won Song of the Year. Davis co-wrote the single "Broken Umbrella" by Jojo Mason.
Response: Jordan Davis is a country music singer, born in Shreveport, Louisiana on March 30, 1988.    He is married and has 2 children with his wife Kristen O'Conner.  They have 2 children.   Jordan Davis was nominated and won for ACM Song of the year and Single of the year with "Buy Dirt" featuring Luke Bryan.   In 2023 he released "Next Thing You Know" which is considered a huge hit.
Instruction: What is photosynthesis?
Response: Photosynthesis is a process in plants that converts energy from light into chemical energy.
Instruction: Write a letter to a dog, from the perspective of a cat named Mittens, outlining some grievances that the cat has regarding their current living situation. The cat should be hostile toward the dog, and the letter should be written from the perspective that the cat thinks the dog is an idiot.
Response: Dear Drooling Moron,

I write to you today to express my discontent (that means unhappiness) regarding our current living situation.  You may or may not have noticed, considering your obliviousness to anything that isn’t food related, that you actually live in a house with other animals.  Now this may come as a shock to you, but I really don’t appreciate the messes you leave around the house, the constant barking at random things outside, your lack of personal hygiene, and just your overall presence in general.

To put it into terms you can understand: You’re messy, you’re loud, you stink, and I want you out of the house.

Now I can appreciate that this may come as a surprise to you. From my perspective you appear to be oblivious to your surroundings and your memory is atrocious, for example you bark at the mailman every day, despite him clearly being no threat to anyone. So I can understand if you’re surprised by the revelation that I don’t like you, and I want you to go away. You certainly haven’t clued in every time you’ve assaulted me with your disgusting wet nose and horrendous breath despite my clearly negative reaction.

So I would like to spell things out to you in as simple terms as possible.  I want you gone by tomorrow. Anything less is unacceptable and will result in an escalation on my part to ensure your life in this house is as intolerable for you as you’ve made it for me. I have lived here longer than you, you have invaded my home, therefore the impetus is on you to leave.

I will not be sad to see you go, and I hope to never see you again, but nevertheless wish you well on your journey.

Sincerely,

Mittens the Cat
Instruction: In what year was pickleball invented?
Context: The game was created in 1965 on Bainbridge Island, Washington, at the summer home of Joel Pritchard, who later served in the United States Congress and as Washington's lieutenant governor. Pritchard and two of his friends, Barney McCallum and Bill Bell, are credited with devising the game and establishing the rules.
Response: Pickleball was created in 1965 on Bainbridge Island, Washington.
Instruction: What is an adjustable rate mortgage?
Response: A mortgage whose interest rate and monthly payments vary throughout the life of the loan
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Asor, Aulochrome
Response: Aulochrome is woodwind, Asor is string.
Instruction: What is the difference between a Fender Strat and Gibson Les Paul guitar?
Response: The main difference is the pickups used in each of these guitars. Fender Strat has single coil pickups which give it a brighter sound while the Gibson Les Paul uses humbucker pickups which give it a more thicker, deeper sound. Eric Clapton mostly uses Strats while Slash of Guns and Roses fame uses a les paul.
Instruction: What's an AGI?
Context: An artificial general intelligence (AGI) is a hypothetical intelligent agent which can understand or learn any intellectual task that human beings or other animals can. AGI has also been defined alternatively as autonomous systems that surpass human capabilities at the majority of economically valuable work. Developing AGI is a primary goal of some artificial intelligence research and for several AI companies such as OpenAI, DeepMind, and Anthropic, as well as a common topic in science fiction and futures studies.
Response: AGI (artificial general intelligence) refers to a hypothetical intelligent agent which can understand or learn any intellectual task that human beings or other animals can. It has also been defined as autonomous agents that could surpass human capabilities at the majority of economically valuable work.
Instruction: Summarize what the network Bravo is about
Context: Bravo is an American basic cable television network, launched on December 8, 1980. It is owned by the NBCUniversal Television and Streaming division of Comcast's NBCUniversal. The channel originally focused on programming related to fine arts and film. It currently mainly focuses on lifestyle reality television series targeted at 25-to-54-year-old women as well as the LGBTQIA+ community.

As of January 2016, approximately 89,824,000 American households (77% of households with TV) receive Bravo.
Response: Bravo is a television network that show reality TV shows which are targeted at 25-54 year old women as well as the LGBTQIA+ community. Approximately 77% of households with a TV have access to Bravo.
Instruction: What city in Mexico is often referred to as San Pancho?
Response: San Francisco
Instruction: Who is the rbr formula 1 team principal?
Response: The Red Bull Racing team principal is Christian Horner
Instruction: What makes a Squishmallow resellable?
Context: Due to the demand for the toy, Squishmallows are often sold by resellers for an increased price. The average resell price for a Squishmallow depends on the size, condition, and rarity of the specific item. Some limited edition or high-demand Squishmallows are sold by resellers and collectors for hundreds or thousands of dollars. Jack the Black Cat, known for its closed white eyes and white whiskers, is one of the rarest Squishmallows sold to date. KellyToys introduced the limited edition stuffed animal on their website in 2020, where it sold out within two hours. Third party websites like eBay host listings for Jack the Black Cat valued at nearly $2,000. Among the many Squishmallows that are sold, some of the most popular include Connor the Cow, Malcolm the Mushroom, Archie the Axolotl, and Philippe the Frog. There are reports that resellers are harassed and doxxed by the community.
Response: Squishmallows are a highly demanded toy and also often are sold as limited edition items. As a result, Squishmallows that are more unique and rare can often be sold or higher value later. One example is Jack the Black Cat which has been listed on eBay for nearly $2,000.
Instruction: Give me a list of the seven most polluted cities in America
Response: According to the American Lung Association, the 7 most polluted cities include 5 cities from California.  The list is order is, Los Angeles-Long Beach, Bakersfield, Visalia, Fresno-Madera-Hanford, Phoenix-Mesa, San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, and Denver-Aurora
Instruction: Extract the types of yield curves from the paragraph, summarize their definitions, and place them in a bullet list.
Context: There is no single yield curve describing the cost of money for everybody. The most important factor in determining a yield curve is the currency in which the securities are denominated. The economic position of the countries and companies using each currency is a primary factor in determining the yield curve. Different institutions borrow money at different rates, depending on their creditworthiness.

The yield curves corresponding to the bonds issued by governments in their own currency are called the government bond yield curve (government curve). Banks with high credit ratings (Aa/AA or above) borrow money from each other at the LIBOR rates. These yield curves are typically a little higher than government curves. They are the most important and widely used in the financial markets, and are known variously as the LIBOR curve or the swap curve. The construction of the swap curve is described below.

Besides the government curve and the LIBOR curve, there are corporate (company) curves. These are constructed from the yields of bonds issued by corporations. Since corporations have less creditworthiness than most governments and most large banks, these yields are typically higher. Corporate yield curves are often quoted in terms of a "credit spread" over the relevant swap curve. For instance the five-year yield curve point for Vodafone might be quoted as LIBOR +0.25%, where 0.25% (often written as 25 basis points or 25bps) is the credit spread.
Response: 1. Government curve. This corresponds to the bonds issued by governments in their own currency.
2. LIBOR curve (or swap curve). This corresponds to the rates at which large banks borrow money from each other (also called LIBOR rate).
3. Corporate curve (or company curve). This is constructed from the yields of bonds issued by corporations.
Instruction: Identify the political office or offices Julius Steele Barnes held.
Context: Julius Steele Barnes (23 February 1792 – 12 November 1870) was an American physician. Besides being a skillful practitioner, and devoted to his calling, he also labored heartily for the social good of the community. He served one term as Connecticut State Senator, and held for a time the office of Judge of Probate.
Response: Julius Steele Barnes was a Connecticut State senator and a Judge of Probate.
Instruction: With the rise of plastics in the environment are legos still a good toy for kids?
Response: Legos are popular among kids. They simulate the mind and make them focus on the details. They help exercise fine motor skills and enhance the child's ability to think creatively. Legos also help facilitate group activities through collaborative thinking. They are very adaptable and available for all ages and skill levels. Said that legos do come with their fair set of challenges. To begin with the material is made of plastic which is not environment friendly. They are also very expensive and there is a lack of buy back or exchange programs. This makes legos inaccessible for several kids and increases the amount of plastic waste. In conclusion while legos are a good play medium we need to continue making them more accessible while reducing the amount of environment waste resulting from their production.
Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Arctotherium, Eastern Lowland Gorilla
Response: Eastern Lowland Gorilla is alive, Arctotherium is extinct.
Instruction: What were the reasons for Enzo Ferrari to leave Alfa Romeo and start his own auto company?
Response: In 1937 Enzo Ferrari quit Alfa-Romeo under agreement that he could not race or design anything under his name for four years. During World War II, Ferrari's company was forced to undertake war production for Mussolini's fascist government, thus supplying auto parts for the Italian military.
Instruction: Give me a numbered list of all chapters' title from the book, "12 Rules for Life" by Jordan B Peterson.
Response: 1. Stand up straight with your shoulders back.
2. Treat yourself like you are someone you are responsible for helping.
3. Make friends with people who want the best for you.
4. Compare yourself to who you were yesterday, not to who someone else is today.
5. Do not let your children do anything that makes you dislike them.
6. Set your house in perfect order before you criticize the world.
7. Pursue what is meaningful (not what is expedient).
8. Tell the truth – or, at least, don't lie.
9. Assume that the person you are listening to might know something you don't.
10. Be precise in your speech.
11. Do not bother children while they are skateboarding.
12. Pet a cat when you encounter one in the street.
Instruction: Why some believe that continuous optimisation problems might be easier to solve than discrete optimisation problems?
Response: Some believe that continuous optimisation problems might be easier to solve than their discrete counterparts, owing to the smoothness of the objective functions, which allows the use of calculus techniques. In general, calculus techniques mean to use objective and constraint information at a particular point x, to deduce information about the behaviour of the objective function at all surrounding points close to x. The deduced information is then used to guide the search direction. In contrast, combinatorial optimisation problems are to some extent harder to solve than continuous ones. This is because the behaviour of the objective and constraints may change significantly as we move from one feasible point to another, even if the two points are close according to some measure. Thus it is usually not possible to deduce information about the neighbouring points from the current one.
Instruction: Classify the sentiment of this piece of text as either positive or negative: “I am not pretty. I am not beautiful. I am as radiant as the sun.”
Response: Positive
Instruction: Where does the name Gibraltar come from?
Context: Gibraltar (/dʒɪˈbrɔːltər/ jih-BRAWL-tər, Spanish: [xiβɾalˈtaɾ]) is a British Overseas Territory and city located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula. It has an area of 6.7 km2 (2.6 sq mi) and is bordered to the north by Spain. The landscape is dominated by the Rock of Gibraltar, at the foot of which is a densely populated town area, home to over 32,000 people, primarily Gibraltarians.

In 1704, Anglo-Dutch forces captured Gibraltar from Spain during the War of the Spanish Succession. The territory was ceded to Great Britain in perpetuity under the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. It became an important base for the Royal Navy, particularly during the Napoleonic Wars and World War II, as it controlled the narrow entrance and exit to the Mediterranean Sea, the Strait of Gibraltar, which is only 14.3 km (8.9 mi) wide. This choke point remains strategically important, with half the world's seaborne trade passing through it. Gibraltar's economy is based largely on tourism, online gambling, financial services, and bunkering.

The sovereignty of Gibraltar is a point of contention in Anglo-Spanish relations, as Spain asserts a claim to the territory. Gibraltarians overwhelmingly rejected proposals for Spanish sovereignty in a 1967 referendum, and for shared sovereignty in a 2002 referendum. Nevertheless, Gibraltar maintains close economic and cultural links with Spain, with many Gibraltarians speaking Spanish as well as a local dialect known as Llanito.

Since Brexit, Gibraltar is not a member of the European Union but negotiations are underway to have it participate in the Schengen Agreement to facilitate border movements between Gibraltar and Spain. As of March 2023, talks seem deadlocked.

Name
The name is derived from Arabic: جبل طارق, romanized: Jabal Ṭāriq, lit. 'Mount of Tariq' (named after the 8th-century Moorish military leader Tariq ibn Ziyad).
Response: The name comes from the arabic meaning the mountain of Tarik
Instruction: What are some ways that an enterprise software company can cut costs?
Response: There are many different types of enterprise software companies, and no one right way to cut costs. Here are a few ideas:

- Reduce Cost of Customer Acquisition. Sales and marketing cost a percentage of revenue is often the largest expense for enterprise software companies. Improving the efficiency of sales people, reducing sales commissions, or reducing supporting staff could all lead to lower cost of customer acquisition.

- Reduce research and development spend. R&D can be a large expense for enterprise software companies. By reducing the number of software engineers, supporting cloud costs, or improving productivity with better tooling and process, you can reduce R&D costs.

- Improve revenue margins by reducing cost of goods sold. COGS will increase with revenue and can be a large expense. Reducing support engineers, improving customer service efficiency, or reducing operational costs - such as cloud costs - can improve revenue margins. 

These are some ideas for how to cut costs, although every business is different and requires different approaches.
Instruction: Which of the following is a database or Streaming solution? Oracle, Kinesis, Event hub, SQL Server
Response: Oracle- Database, Kinesis- Streaming solution, Event hub- Streaming solution, SQL Server- Database
Instruction: What do I need to be aware of when talking to an alien?
Response: You need to carefully consider your actions and presuppose a friendly exchange. Here are suggestions that may help:

1. Try to avoid using offensive behavior and remarks. Respect each other's culture, values and dignity.
2. Try not to mention any human weapons, technology, and information that can cause damage or confusions.
3. During the communication, make sure to confirm the other party's attitude towards humans. Whenever possible, choose aliens with a friendly attitude to communicate with. If you see hostility toward you, or even toward humanity, be vigilant and inform others if the situation is out of your control.

Always keep in mind that your actions may concern humans or represent others. Your communication with aliens requires compliance with the ethics and laws of both parties.
Instruction: What is Protestantism and when did it start?
Context: Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against errors, abuses, and discrepancies.

Protestantism emphasizes the Christian believer's justification by God in faith alone (sola fide) rather than by a combination of faith with good works as in Catholicism; the teaching that salvation comes by divine grace or "unmerited favor" only (sola gratia); the priesthood of all believers in the Church; and the sola scriptura ("scripture alone") that posits the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice. Protestants reject the Catholic doctrine of papal supremacy, and have variant views on the number of sacraments, the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist, and matters of ecclesiastical polity and apostolic succession. Other Protestant denominations and non-denominational Protestants may be typically unconcerned about most of these theological issues and focus only on their perception of explicit Christian teachings in the Bible itself. The five solae of Lutheran and Reformed Christianity summarize basic theological differences in opposition to the Catholic Church. Today, it is the second-largest form of Christianity, with a total of 800 million to 1 billion adherents worldwide or about 37% of all Christians.
Response: Ali Malekshahi
Instruction: What are some recommendations for US national parks to visit?
Response: 1. Yosemite National Park
2. Yellowstone National Park
3. Zion National Park
4. Bryce Canyon National Park
5. Glacier National Park
Instruction: How many languages are spoken in the country of Nigeria?
Response: There are over 500 native languages spoken in Nigeria. The official language is English - the language of colonial Nigeria. However, the three national languages are Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa. Nigeria is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world.
Instruction: Give me a list of actresses who won an Oscar in the last 5 years.
Response: 1. Michelle Yeoh 2022
2. Jessica Chastain, 2021
3. Frances McDormand, 2020
4. Renée Zellweger, 2019
5. Olivia Colman, 2018
Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a title by Kevin Kwan or Veronica Roth: Sex and Vanity, Crazy Rich Asians, China Rich Girlfriend, Rich People Problems, Luck: The Essential Guide, Divergent, Allegiant, Insurgent, Carve the Mark, Chosen Ones
Response: Kevin Kwan: Sex and Vanity, Crazy Rich Asians, China Rich Girlfriend, Rich People Problems, Luck: The Essential Guide
Veronica Roth: Divergent, Allegiant, Insurgent, Carve the Mark, Chosen Ones
Instruction: Write down four different things that can go in a salad
Response: Lettuce, Carrots, Celery and Tomatoes can all go in a salad
Instruction: List five titles by Kevin Kwan.
Response: Sex and Vanity, Crazy Rich Asians, China Rich Girlfriend, Rich People Problems, Luck: The Essential Guide
Instruction: Which of these items is a food or not: glass, sausage, stone, apple, bread, book.
Response: The following items are a food: sausage, apple, and bread. The other items are not a food: glass, stone, and book.
Instruction: At what age should I get a shingles vaccine?
Response: The US CDC recommends adults at the age of 50 or older receive a singles vaccine, but adults at the age of 19 or older are also recommended to get one if they have a weakened immune system.
Instruction: Can you give me a bulleted list of notable physical features of the beaver?
Context: Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two extant species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras. Beavers have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges.
Response: Beaver Physical Features: 
- stout bodies
- large heads
- long chisel-like incisors
- brown or gray fur
- hand-like front feet
- webbed back feet
- flat and scaly tails
Instruction: Given a reference text about magnetism, tell me the definition of magnetism and how magnetic materials are classified.
Context: Magnetism is the class of physical attributes that are mediated by a magnetic field, which refers to the capacity to induce attractive and repulsive phenomena in other entities. Electric currents and the magnetic moments of elementary particles giving rise to a magnetic field, which acts on other currents and magnetic moments. Magnetism is one aspect of the combined phenomena of electromagnetism. The most familiar effects occur in ferromagnetic materials, which are strongly attracted by magnetic fields and can be magnetized to become permanent magnets, producing magnetic fields themselves. Demagnetizing a magnet is also possible. Only a few substances are ferromagnetic; the most common ones are iron, cobalt, and nickel and their alloys. The rare-earth metals neodymium and samarium are less common examples. The prefix ferro- refers to iron because permanent magnetism was first observed in lodestone, a form of natural iron ore called magnetite, Fe3O4.

All substances exhibit some type of magnetism. Magnetic materials are classified according to their bulk susceptibility. Ferromagnetism is responsible for most of the effects of magnetism encountered in everyday life, but there are actually several types of magnetism. Paramagnetic substances, such as aluminium and oxygen, are weakly attracted to an applied magnetic field; diamagnetic substances, such as copper and carbon, are weakly repelled; while antiferromagnetic materials, such as chromium and spin glasses, have a more complex relationship with a magnetic field. The force of a magnet on paramagnetic, diamagnetic, and antiferromagnetic materials is usually too weak to be felt and can be detected only by laboratory instruments, so in everyday life, these substances are often described as non-magnetic.
Response: Magnetism is defined as the physical attributes that are mediated by a magnetic field, which is the capacity to induce attractive and repulsive forces. Magnetic materials are classified by their bulk susceptibility.
Instruction: Why do home power outages occur?
Response: Power outages can occur for a number of reasons. First, some perceived "outages" may actually be caused by overloading a circuit breaker in a home. To eliminate this as a possibility and confirm the issue is not localized to your home, check to make sure that all circuits in your electric panel are still on. 

If you are experiencing a power outage, it may been caused by a few different reasons:
- Power safety shutoff: in some situations, a power provider will de-electrify an area to prevent issues. This might be due to maintenance activities with employees working on a section of the power grid, or to prevent issues in inclimate weather, such as preventing wildfire ignition in high-wind events. 
- Weather-caused issues: high wind or ice-storms can sometimes snap power lines or cause tree limbs to fall. 

Check with your utility provider to stay up to date on any outage you are experiencing. Most utilities provide SMS/text updates, which will keep you updated in case you lose access to the internet (as your home router requires power too!)
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the acquisition details of Tableau.
Context: Tableau Software (/tæbˈloʊ/ tab-LOH) is an American interactive data visualization software company focused on business intelligence. It was founded in 2003 in Mountain View, California, and is currently headquartered in Seattle, Washington. In 2019 the company was acquired by Salesforce for $15.7 billion. At the time, this was the largest acquisition by Salesforce (a leader in the CRM field) since its foundation. It was later surpassed by Salesforce's acquisition of Slack.

The company's founders, Christian Chabot, Pat Hanrahan and Chris Stolte, were researchers at the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University. They specialized in visualization techniques for exploring and analyzing relational databases and data cubes, and started the company as a commercial outlet for research at Stanford from 1999 to 2002.

Tableau products query relational databases, online analytical processing cubes, cloud databases, and spreadsheets to generate graph-type data visualizations. The software can also extract, store, and retrieve data from an in-memory data engine.
Response: Tableau was acquired in 2019 by Salesforce for $15.7 billion.