ssanni/dolly-15k-RP huggingface dataset:
Instruction: What are Nanotube?
Response: Nanotubes, often known as Carbon Nanotubes, are light, strong shapes made of Carbon atoms.  Nanotubes are shaped like tiny straws with walls as thin as one carbon atom.  They are considered as the strongest of any material known to man.  Nanotubes have many practical uses, one of which is to make the darkest black paint.
Instruction: Write the first paragraph of a blog post describing the appeal of Boston as a tourist destination
Response: Boston is a vibrant city with a rich history, incredible architecture, and diverse culture. Its cobblestone streets, charming neighborhoods, and vibrant nightlife make it an ideal destination for visitors. From the Freedom Trail to the Boston Common, Boston offers visitors a unique experience unlike any other. From historic sites to vibrant nightlife, Boston is a great place to visit and explore. The suburbs are great too.
Instruction: What is a secured loan?
Response: A secured loan is a form of debt in which the borrower pledges some asset (i.e., a car, a house) as collateral.
Instruction: Should I have Kids?
Response: That is a personal question and one should think about this very carefully. Things to consider:

1. How old are you?
2. Can you afford to raise the child 
3. Do you have proper healthcare
4. Do you have anyone to help you
5. Do you like kids
6. Why do you want kids
Instruction: Give me 3 ideas for hobbies that I can recommend to somebody who is retiring. These should all be activities that require gentle movement and are not overly demanding on the body.
Response: Retirement is an exciting opportunity for people to develop and cultivate their passions. Here are a few ideas you could recommend that are both gentle on the body but require some movement:
- Gardening: while this is a seasonal pursuit, deciding on which seeds to plant, nursing them through a growing season, and learning the ins and outs of the hobby can become a lifelong passion for those with a "green thumb"
- Walking and picking up trash: carry a bag and "grabber" pinchers to collect trash in your community while staying active on a walk. Rubber-tipped pinchers means you will not need to bend or stretch too far to reach, and you will be surprised how much of a difference this makes to your community members!
- Fishing: most fishing can be done from the banks of a river or lake, and is a great way to experience the calming effects of a body of water while still being physically active. Whether fly fishing or reel fishing, many people who have entered retirement find this an engaging way to engage with nature either solo or as part of a community of fisher-people.
Instruction: Name some reasons it's great to live in Marin County, California.
Response: Marin County is a great place to live for many reasons, including the beautiful scenery, the mild, pleasant weather, and the abundance of outdoor activities, while at the same time being close to San Francisco. Mountain biking on the fire trails in the hills of Marin, and climbing various hilltops is very enjoyable. There are fantastic views of the city of San Francisco, and of San Francisco Bay from many points in the county. Walking or biking the Tiburon Bike Path is also great fun. From Marin it's easy to take great day trips to nearby Napa and Sonoma counties, to enjoy their beautiful natural settings and to visit the wineries and nice restaurants.
Instruction: What is the FA Cup?
Response: The Football Association Challenge Cup, more commonly known as the FA Cup, is an annual knockout football competition in men's domestic English football. First played during the 1871–72 season, it is the oldest national football competition in the world. It is organised by and named after The Football Association (The FA). Since 2015, it has been known as The Emirates FA Cup after its headline sponsor. A concurrent Women's FA Cup has been held since 1970.

The competition is open to all eligible clubs down to Level 9 of the English football league system with Level 10 clubs acting as stand-ins in the event of non-entries from above. Included in the competition are 20 professional clubs in the Premier League (level 1), 72 professional clubs in the English Football League (levels 2 to 4), and all clubs in steps 1–5 of the National League System (levels 5 to 9) as well as a tiny number of step 6 clubs acting as stand-ins for non-entries above. A record 763 clubs competed in 2011–12. The tournament consists of 12 randomly drawn rounds followed by the semi-finals and the final. Entrants are not seeded, although a system of byes based on league level ensures higher ranked teams enter in later rounds – the minimum number of games needed to win, depending on which round a team enters the competition, ranges from six to fourteen.

The first six rounds are the Qualifying Competition, from which 32 teams progress to the first round of the Competition Proper, meeting the first of the 48 professional teams from Leagues One and Two. The last entrants are the Premier League and Championship clubs, into the draw for the Third Round Proper. In the modern era, only one non-League team has ever reached the quarter-finals, and teams below Level 2 have never reached the final. As a result, significant focus is given to the smaller teams who progress furthest, especially if they achieve an unlikely "giant-killing" victory.

Winners receive the FA Cup trophy, of which there have been two designs and five actual cups; the latest is a 2014 replica of the second design, introduced in 1911. Winners also qualify for the UEFA Europa League and a place in the upcoming FA Community Shield. Arsenal are the most successful club with fourteen titles and Arsène Wenger is the most successful manager in the history of the competition, having won seven finals as Arsenal's manager.

Liverpool are the current holders, having beaten Chelsea 6–5 on penalties following a 0–0 draw in the 2022 final.
Instruction: Are Schindler elevators safe
Context: Schindler Holding Ltd. is a Swiss multinational company which manufactures escalators, moving walkways, and elevators worldwide, founded in Switzerland in 1874. Schindler produces, installs, maintains and modernizes lifts and escalators in many types of buildings including residential, commercial and high-rise buildings.

The company is present in over 140 countries and employs more than 66,000 people worldwide. The production facilities are located in Brazil, China, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, India and the United States. All operations and subsidiaries of Schindler Group are organised into Schindler Holding Ltd. (German: Schindler Holding AG, French: Schindler Holding S.A.), which is publicly traded on SIX Swiss Exchange.
Response: Schindler Holding Ltd. is a Swiss multinational company which manufactures escalators, moving walkways, and elevators worldwide, founded in Switzerland in 1874. Schindler produces, installs, maintains and modernizes lifts and escalators in many types of buildings including residential, commercial and high-rise buildings.

The company is present in over 140 countries and employs more than 66,000 people worldwide. The production facilities are located in Brazil, China, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, India and the United States. All operations and subsidiaries of Schindler Group are organised into Schindler Holding Ltd., which is publicly traded on SIX Swiss Exchange.
Instruction: What are the 4 oceans on earth
Response: Atlantic Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Instruction: Did Harry Potter put his own name in the goblet of fire?
Response: Harry did not put his own name in the goblet of fire. Barty Crouch Junior, using polyjuice potion to disguise himself as Alistair Moody, put Harry's name in the goblet of fire as part of his plan to deliver Harry into Lord Voldemort's hands.
Instruction: Why does it help to focus on the breath when practicing mindfulness?
Response: The art of meditation, which is another name for the practice of mindfulness, is all about being in the present.  In other words, cultivating an awareness of what is happening in the present moment.  This is done by quietening the mind of all the random thoughts that are being continuously generated, and having the senses alerted to the signals that are being passed in the moment.  The signals are the sensations or emotions or sounds that one is feeling and hearing in the present moment.  To accomplish this, the breath serves as an anchor to the present moment.  Being aware of one's breath keeps us in the present moment.  When the mind eventually wanders, the breath is a signal to tune back into the present moment.  The breath is always with us and can be found in an instant.
Instruction: What's the best way to learn how to snowboard?
Response: There are many options available to learn how to snowboard. You can seek out professional lessons from an instructor, often available at your local ski resort.  You can also read articles online, or watch online videos from professional instructors.  Another option would be to get lessons from a friend who's snowboarded for a long time.  While this can be an easy and inexpensive option, it may not be as effective as learning from a professional.  Friends who snowboard may know how to snowboard well, but, they may not be great instructors.  Plus, it's often easy to get frustrated with people you know really well.  You can avoid those headaches by getting a professional lesson.  It will reduce your stress level and likely make you a better snowboarder in a shorter period of time.  Have fun on the slopes and stay safe!
Instruction: What was Angie Thomas's first published novel?
Response: "The Hate U Give" which was released in 2017 and debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list.
Instruction: Based on this paragraph, how many younger siblings did Kennedy have?
Context: Kennedy was born on February 22, 1932, at St. Margaret's Hospital in the Dorchester section of Boston, Massachusetts. He was the youngest of the nine children of Joseph Patrick Kennedy and Rose Fitzgerald, members of prominent Irish American families in Boston. They constituted one of the wealthiest families in the nation after their marriage. His eight siblings were Joseph Jr., John, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert, and Jean. His older brother John asked to be the newborn's godfather, a request his parents honored, though they did not agree to his request to name the baby George Washington Kennedy (Ted was born on President George Washington's 200th birthday). They named the boy after their father's assistant.
Response: Based on this paragraph, Kennedy had no younger siblings, as he was the youngest of nine children.
Instruction: What are some of the common elements of visual design?
Context: Design elements are the basic units of any visual design which form its structure and convey visual messages. Painter and design theorist Maitland E. Graves (1902-1978), who attempted to gestate the fundamental principles of aesthetic order in visual design, in his book, The Art of Color and Design (1941), defined the elements of design as line, direction, shape, size, texture, value, and color, concluding that "these elements are the materials from which all designs are built."
Response: Line, shape, size, texture, color and direction are some of the common visual design elements.
Instruction: What is the difference between a shrub and a tree?
Response: Some biologists maintain that there is no genetic difference between shrubs and trees - some species may have expressions in tree form and shrub form.  Other scientists believe that the physical form is essential and that shrubs are distinct from trees.
Instruction: As an expert skier, what are the top resorts in the US to go skiing?
Response: There are many ski resorts in the United States that offer challenging terrain for expert level skiers.  Som of the top resorts are: Big Sky, Jackson Hole, Pallisades, Crested Butte, Telluride, and Silverthorn
Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Hulk, Spectre
Response: Spectre is DC, Hulk is Marvel
Instruction: Extract why Tim Lincecum was called "The Freak"
Context: Timothy Leroy Lincecum (/ˈlɪnsəkʌm/ LIN-sə-kum; born June 15, 1984), nicknamed "The Freak", "The Franchise", "The Freaky Franchise" and "Big Time Timmy Jim", is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants (2007 to 2015) and Los Angeles Angels (2016). A two-time Cy Young Award winner, Lincecum helped the Giants win three World Series championships from 2010 through 2014.
Response: Nicknamed "The Freak" for his ability to generate powerful pitches despite his slight physique (5 feet 11 inches, 170 pounds), the power pitcher led the National League in strikeouts for three consecutive years in a span from 2008 to 2010. He also led the league in shutouts in 2009 and won the Babe Ruth Award in 2010 as the most valuable player of the MLB postseason. Lincecum won consecutive Cy Young Awards in 2008 and 2009, becoming the first MLB pitcher to win the award in his first two full seasons. He also appeared in four consecutive All-Star Games from 2008 through 2011 and pitched no-hitters in 2013 and 2014.
Instruction: Which players won the men's singles grand slam tennis tournaments in 2022.
Response: The following players won the men's singles grand slam tennis tournaments in 2022:
- Rafael Nadal won the Australian Open and the French Open
- Novak Djokovic won Wimbledon
- Carlos Alcaraz won the US Open
Instruction: Can you tell me something about Stanley J. Goldberg
Context: Stanley J. Goldberg (born Maryland, 1939) is a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court.

Goldberg attended public schools in Baltimore, MD. He earned a B.S. from the University of Maryland, School of Business and Public Administration in 1960 and an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1964. He did graduate work in Federal Income Taxation at New York University. Goldberg was admitted to practice in Maryland and New Jersey, 1964 and 1967, and Federal District Court. He began his career as a Tax Attorney in January 1965 with the United States Department of Treasury, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, in New York City and was initially assigned to the General Litigation function. In 1967, he was reassigned to the Tax Litigation function. In 1976, he was promoted to Special Trial Attorney, and then to Assistant District Counsel in 1984. He was appointed a Special Trial Judge of the United States Tax Court on August 4, 1985.

In 1992, Goldberg commented on the trend of tax protester arguments being brought before the Tax Court and dismissed with penalties.
Response: Stanley J. Goldberg (born Maryland, 1939) is a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court.

Goldberg attended public schools in Baltimore, MD. He earned a B.S. from the University of Maryland, School of Business and Public Administration in 1960 and an LL.B. from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1964. He did graduate work in Federal Income Taxation at New York University. Goldberg was admitted to practice in Maryland and New Jersey, 1964 and 1967, and Federal District Court. 

He began his career as a Tax Attorney in January 1965 with the United States Department of Treasury, Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service, in New York City and was initially assigned to the General Litigation function. In 1967, he was reassigned to the Tax Litigation function. In 1976, he was promoted to Special Trial Attorney, and then to Assistant District Counsel in 1984. He was appointed a Special Trial Judge of the United States Tax Court on August 4, 1985.

In 1992, Goldberg commented on the trend of tax protester arguments being brought before the Tax Court and dismissed with penalties.
Instruction: Please summarize the causes and cure for color blindness given in the passage?
Context: The most common cause of color blindness is an inherited problem or variation in the functionality of one or more of the three classes of cone cells in the retina, which mediate color vision. The most common form is caused by a genetic disorder called congenital red–green color blindness. Males are more likely to be color blind than females, because the genes responsible for the most common forms of color blindness are on the X chromosome. Non-color-blind females can carry genes for color blindness and pass them on to their children. Color blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, the optic nerve, or parts of the brain. Screening for color blindness is typically done with the Ishihara color test.

There is no cure for color blindness. Diagnosis may allow an individual, or their parents/teachers to actively accommodate the condition. Special lenses such as EnChroma glasses or X-chrom contact lenses may help people with red–green color blindness at some color tasks, but they do not grant the wearer "normal color vision". Mobile apps can help people identify colors.
Response: The most common cause of color blindness is genetic disorder. Males are more likely to be color blind than females, because the genes responsible for the same are present on the X chromosome. Females who are non-color blind could still carry and pass on genes for color blindness. Any kind of physical or chemical damage to the eye, optic nerve or brain could also lead to the same.

There is no cure for color blindness. Affected people can actively accommodate the condition or use special glasses or lenses that can help people with red-green color blindness to a certain extent. There are mobile apps available as well to help identify colors.
Instruction: How can I improve my finances?
Response: Determine your short and long term financial goals. 
Create a budget based on your total income, necessary, and discretionary expenses. 
Pay down high interest debt first, such as credit card debt.
Pay off your credit cards in full each month. 
Create an emergency fund that covers 3-6 months of expenses.
Max out your 401K contributions every year.
Use a high interest savings account instead of saving money with a traditional bank so you don't lose money due to inflation. 
Create a diversified investment account.
Hire a financial planner to manage your assets. 
Turn a hobby into a second job and earn passive income. 
Reduce temptations to overspend by setting up an automatic transfer from your paycheck into a savings account.
Instruction: What is Zenthoefer Furs
Context: Zenthoefer Furs were an amateur U.S. soccer club which played in St. Louis, Missouri during the late 1940s and early 1950s.

They had played as a junior squad named Schumachers in the 1947-48 season where they fell short of national honors when they lost in the final round of the National Junior Cup to Lighthouse Boys of Philadelphia. The Zenthoefers turned senior the next season. Under the guidance of manager George E. McGann they made their way to the 1949 National Amateur Cup final losing to SC Elizabeth by a 6-1 score. They also lost to the Chicago Polish-Americans 5-1 in the 1949 National Challenge Cup quarterfinals. In 1951, they won the St. Louis Major League by ten points over St. Louis Simpkins-Ford. In 1952, they entered the American Soccer League of St. Louis.
Response: Zenthoefer Furs were an amateur U.S. soccer club which played in St. Louis, Missouri during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
Instruction: What are the three branches of the US Federal Government?
Response: The US Constitution divides the federal government into three branches: legislative, executive and judicial.  This ensures that no individual or group will have too much power.
Instruction: When rock climbing, what is the difference between lead climbing and top rope climbing?
Response: The difference between lead climbing and top rope climbing has to do with the location of the rope when the climb is started. In lead climbing the rope begins at the bottom attached to the climber as well as the belayer. The climber must then bring the rope from the bottom of the route to the top by clipping into a series of quick draws that are generally placed 10-15 feet apart. If a person were to fall while lead climbing, they would be caught by the last quick draw they clipped into. When top rope climbing, the rope is already at the top of the route. This means the climber must tie into one side of the rope while their belayer must clip into the other side of the rope. As the climber ascends higher up the route the belayer must take out the slack of the rope as opposed to lead climbing where the belayer would be giving slack. When a person falls in top rope climbing they will only fall a short distance as the rope is already clipped in above them at the top of the route, so how far they fall will be determined by how much slack the belayer has not taken in.
Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Mola mola or Molar
Response: Mola mola
Instruction: Imagine a world where life expectancy is fixed and the same for everyone at birth, yet people can engage in life expectancy "donation" – meaning that someone can extend your life three years longer at the expense of theirs. Talk about a likely scenario in this world that involves manipulated, coerced donation.
Response: Those with power and money could lure the underprivileged groups into "donating" their life expectancy in exchange for a better future. Assuming that illnesses are still not eradicated, another scenario involving coerced donation could be those in control of the medications force the patients to cut their life short in order to get treated.
Instruction: What makes a good sales account executive?
Response: A good Sales account executive will be able to multi-task, manage customer engagement activity for multiple teams, and expand relationships within a customer account by sharing the value proposition of the Company.
Instruction: Which of the following are colors: red, black, yellow, orange, sun, sunflower, chips, book, white, pink, blue, keyboard.
Response: The colors are: red, black, yellow, orange, white, pink and blue.
Instruction: Think up some openings for beginners to the game of Chess
Response: Chess openings are the most important part of the game, there are some advanced ones, some common ones, and some easy ones. This is a list of openings for beginners to the game:
- The King's Pawn Opening: This is a very common opening, you move your king's pawn 2 spaces forward, so does the opponent. This is followed by developing your knights. 
- The Fianchetto defense. You move your kingside knight's pawn forward 1 space, then you develop the kingside knight. You then put your kingside bishop in the square that the pawn used to be in, followed by castling. This opening is common among lower ranked players.
- Four Knights Game: This doesn’t happen too much. Both sides start by developing their knights, the pawns take it over from there.
- The French Defense: You move your king's pawn 1 space forward, followed by developing all of your kingside pieces, and finishing by castling.
Instruction: Give me a list of popular current artists in the EDM category.
Response: Currently popular musicians in the EDM, or electronic dance music, genre of music include Illenium, 3LAU, Calvin Harris, Kaskade, and Dimitri Vegas.
Instruction: Which sports would be easiest to find success in if you’re not tall: baseball, soccer, basketball, bowling.
Response: Soccer and bowling would be the two easiest sports in this list to succeed in if you’re not tall.
Instruction: What is the appeal of Flathead Lake as a Summer vacation destination?
Response: Flathead Lake is the largest natural freshwater lake West of the Mississippi in lower 48 contiguous states, with over 200 square miles of water and 185 miles of coastline.   It is a beautiful lake, surrounded by the tall and impressive Mission Mountains on the east and the smaller Salish Mountains to the west.  It borders several Indian reservations on the Southern end of the lake.

The lake offers an abundance of Summer activities including: sailing, boating, swimming, and camping.  The lake offers excellent fishing and the fish species in the lake consist primarily of lake trout, pike, yellow perch and whitefish, with some rainbow trout, bass, and salmon. The lake trout can reach monstrous sizes, frequently exceeding twenty-pounds.

Overall, Flathead Lake is one of the premiere recreational and fishing lakes in Montana. It is popular for both fishing and pleasure boating and  the sheer beauty of the lake makes it a memorable one regardless of which activity is pursued.
Instruction: What's the difference between tennis and pickleball?
Response: While they are similar sports, tennis and pickleball have various difference. First, the court size for pickleball is about half the size of a tennis court. Second, pickleball is played with a ball that resembles a whiffle ball. Third, pickleball is played with paddles as opposed to rackets. Finally, the scoring system is quite different as you play for points which can only be scored when you or your team are serving.
Instruction: Given a reference text about Jen Shah, what is she famous from, when was she criminally charged, what was the verdict, and when was she sentenced.
Context: Shah starred on the reality television series The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City, which premiered in November 2020. In March 2021, she was criminally charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering and wire fraud, pleading not guilty to both charges days later. Her legal case was chronicled in the documentary film Housewife and the Shah Shocker, which premiered on Hulu in November that same year. In July 2022, Shah pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud. In January 2023, Shah was sentenced to six-and-a-half years in prison. Shah began her prison sentence the following month.
Response: Jen Shah came into the spotlight in November 2020 when The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City aired. In March 2021 she was charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering as well as wire fraud. She pled not guilty, but then come July 2022 she plead guilty to commit wire fraud. January of 2023 she was sentenced to 6.5 years in prison and her sentence began in February.
Instruction: What are the classifications of Academic Degrees?
Response: An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, usually at a college or university. These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, usually including undergraduate degrees, master's, and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates and professional degrees. The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries there are lower-level higher education qualifications that are also titled degrees (e.g. associate degrees and foundation degrees).
Instruction: What types of problems in government could AI be used to solve
Context: The potential uses of AI in government are wide and varied, with Deloitte considering that "Cognitive technologies could eventually revolutionize every facet of government operations". Mehr suggests that six types of government problems are appropriate for AI applications:
- Resource allocation - such as where administrative support is required to complete tasks more quickly.
- Large datasets - where these are too large for employees to work efficiently and multiple datasets could be combined to provide greater insights.
- Experts shortage - including where basic questions could be answered and niche issues can be learned.
- Predictable scenario - historical data makes the situation predictable.
- Procedural - repetitive tasks where inputs or outputs have a binary answer.
- Diverse data - where data takes a variety of forms (such as visual and linguistic) and needs to be summarised regularly.
Response: The potential uses of AI in government are wide and varied but some appropriate areas to consider AI applications include: Resource allocation; Large datasets; Repetitive tasks; Answering basic questions; Summarising data from multiple forms; Predicting future scenarios based on historical data.
Instruction: Why isn't multi-threading making my Python code faster? How can I fix it.
Response: Python restricts access to the interpreter with a Global Interpreter Lock, referred to as the GIL, for internal thread-safety requirements. Unfortunately, this design decision restricts only allows one thread to interpret Python code at a time, even on a machine with the capability to run multiple threads together. 

If you wish to run Python code on a set of data, and the data can be broken up into independent segments (a process known as data partitioning), you may wish to look into the multiprocessing library in Python. 

As an example, consider the function foo which takes one argument, arg1, and say you wanted to run the foo function on a number of values, say, val1, val2, and val3.

def foo(arg1):
  # do something

if __name__ == '__main__':
  foo(val1)
  foo(val2)
  foo(val3)

To have foo execute on multiple processes together, you could use the multiprocessing Pool  to run multiple worker processes together:

from multiprocessing import Pool

def foo(arg1):
  # do something

if __name__ == '__main__':
  p = Pool()
  p.map(foo, [val1, val2, val3])

The multiprocessing library also provides various other APIs for parallel programming. Would you like to know more?
Instruction: Who is the best NBA player of all time?
Response: This can be discussed but it is often admitted that Michael Jordan is the best NBA player of all time.
Instruction: Classify each as either a vodka drink or a gin drink: Screwdriver, Bloody Mary, French 75, White Russian, Gimlet, Cosmopolitan, Tom Collins, Negroni
Response: Screwdrivers, Bloody Mary's, White Russians, and Cosmopolitans are traditionally vodka cocktails, whereas French 75's, Gimlets, Tom Collins', and Negronis are traditionally gin cocktails.
Instruction: How can I get better performance when querying a delta table?
Response: To get better performance when querying a delta table, there are many things you can do.  

First, ensure you are using the Photon engine.  The Photon engine is designed to handle high-concurrency and low-latency queries.  If you are using DBSQL, Photon is included free of charge and is turned on by default.

Second, you can use different indexing techniques when writing a Delta table for better read performance.  Z-ordering and bloom filters are two effective techniques when used correctly.

Third, ensure your SQL Warehouse or compute resource is appropriately sized.  If you are trying to query a very large dataset from a very small warehouse, you will likely get slow query results.
Instruction: Which coin of U.S currency has the most ridges.
Response: The U.S. half dollar is the winner with 150 ridges.
Instruction: Who was the first woman to have four country albums reach No. 1 on the Billboard 200?
Response: Carrie Underwood.
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the state Lincoln was born in
Context: Abraham Lincoln (/ˈlɪŋkən/ LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union and succeeded in abolishing slavery, bolstering the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.

Lincoln was born into poverty in a log cabin in Kentucky and was raised on the frontier, primarily in Indiana. He was self-educated and became a lawyer, Whig Party leader, Illinois state legislator, and U.S. Congressman from Illinois. In 1849, he returned to his successful law practice in central Illinois. In 1854, he was angered by the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which opened the territories to slavery, and he re-entered politics. He soon became a leader of the new Republican Party. He reached a national audience in the 1858 Senate campaign debates against Stephen A. Douglas. Lincoln ran for president in 1860, sweeping the North to gain victory. Pro-slavery elements in the South viewed his election as a threat to slavery, and Southern states began seceding from the nation. During this time, the newly formed Confederate States of America began seizing federal military bases in the south. Just over one month after Lincoln assumed the presidency, the Confederate States attacked Fort Sumter, a U.S. fort in South Carolina. Following the bombardment, Lincoln mobilized forces to suppress the rebellion and restore the union.
Response: Lincoln was born in the state of Kentucky
Instruction: What is FIFA?
Context: The recognised international governing body of football (and associated games, such as futsal and beach soccer) is FIFA. The FIFA headquarters are located in Zürich, Switzerland. Six regional confederations are associated with FIFA; these are:

Asia: Asian Football Confederation (AFC)
Africa: Confederation of African Football (CAF)
Europe: Union of European Football Associations (UEFA)
North/Central America & Caribbean: Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF)
Oceania: Oceania Football Confederation (OFC)
South America: Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (South American Football Confederation; CONMEBOL)
National associations (or national federations) oversee football within individual countries. These are generally synonymous with sovereign states (for example, the Cameroonian Football Federation in Cameroon), but also include a smaller number of associations responsible for sub-national entities or autonomous regions (for example, the Scottish Football Association in Scotland). 211 national associations are affiliated both with FIFA and with their respective continental confederations.

While FIFA is responsible for arranging competitions and most rules related to international competition, the actual Laws of the Game are set by the IFAB, where each of the UK Associations has one vote, while FIFA collectively has four votes.
Response: FIFA stands for Fédération internationale de football association. It is the main international governing body for the sport of soccer (called football internationally outside the US)
Instruction: why is Mahatma Gandhi loved by everyone?
Response: Mahatma Gandhi preached non-cooperation using non-violent methods as a way to win against the oppressive rulers without resorting to guns.  This is difficult to do and requires public's cooperation.
Instruction: What is Game of Thrones based on?
Response: Game of Thrones is based on the books written by George R. R. Martin called a Song of Ice and Fire.
Instruction: What are the benefits of collaborating on a tech blog with your customers?
Response: It will improve visibility of the product. It will help with your customers' career. It will benefit other customers with related use cases.
Instruction: Given this paragraph, how many public high schools are in Arlington, Virginia?
Context: Arlington Public Schools operates the county's public K-12 education system of 22 elementary schools; 6 middle schools (Dorothy Hamm Middle School, Gunston Middle School, Kenmore Middle School, Swanson Middle School, Thomas Jefferson Middle School, and Williamsburg Middle School); and 3 public high schools (Wakefield High School, Washington-Liberty High School, and Yorktown High School). H-B Woodlawn and Arlington Tech are alternative public schools. Arlington County spends about half of its local revenues on education. For the FY2013 budget, 83 percent of funding was from local revenues, and 12 percent from the state. Per pupil expenditures are expected to average $18,700, well above its neighbors, Fairfax County ($13,600) and Montgomery County ($14,900).
Response: There are 3 public high schools in Arlington, Va.
Instruction: What are all of the professional baseball teams in the state of Florida?
Response: The professional baseball teams in the state of Florida are the Tampa Bay Rays and Miami Marlins.
Instruction: Given the reference text about the Cy Young Award, please describe what the award is and why it is awarded.
Context: The Cy Young Award is given annually to the best pitchers in Major League Baseball (MLB), one each for the American League (AL) and National League (NL). The award was first introduced in 1956 by Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick in honor of Hall of Fame pitcher Cy Young, who died in 1955. The award was originally given to the single best pitcher in the major leagues, but in 1967, after the retirement of Frick, the award was given to one pitcher in each league.
Response: The Cy Young Award is given to the best pitches in the American and National leagues of Major League Baseball, for their achievements that exceed those of their peers.
Instruction: Extract what is Top Gun
Context: The United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program (SFTI program), more popularly known as Top Gun (stylized as TOPGUN), is an American military program that teaches fighter and strike tactics and techniques to selected naval aviators and naval flight officers, who return to their operating units as surrogate instructors.
Response: The United States Navy Fighter Weapons School was established on 3 March 1969, at Naval Air Station Miramar, California. 

The unit's purpose was to train fighter air crews  in all aspects of fighter weapons systems and the art of aerial combat.  It serves to build a nucleus of eminently knowledgeable fighter crews to construct, guide, and enhance weapons training cycles and subsequent aircrew performance. This select group acts as the F-4 community’s most operationally orientated weapons specialists. Top Gun's efforts are dedicated to the Navy’s professional fighter crews, past, present and future.
Instruction: Where to find the best croissant in San Francisco?
Response: This is hard to say as the answer heavily depends on your preference. Arsicault is generally a very popular bakery for croissants. The croissants here are very flaky and very buttery. If that is right up your alley, definitely give them a visit! Other than Arsicault, there are many bakeries in SF that offers croissant with a creative twist. A couple examples are Hahdough for pretzel croissants and Arizmendi for sourdough croissants. Personally, I prefer my croissants to be not too buttery but moist in the middle and crunchy on the outside. My personal favorite is Schubert's Bakery in Inner Richmond. The price point and taste well align with what I am looking for!
Instruction: What is Microsoft?
Context: Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft's best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers. Microsoft ranked No. 14 in the 2022 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue; it was the world's largest software maker by revenue as of 2022. It is considered as one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet (parent company of Google), Amazon, Apple, and Meta (formerly Facebook).
Response: Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft's best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers.
Instruction: How do you make soap?
Response: Soap is made with a mixture of natural or organic oils, sodium hydroxide and distilled water.  When making soap you need to mix a combination of light and heavy oils like olive and coconut oil and then mix it with sodium hydroxide and distilled water.  After this mixture has been mixed well you poor it into soap molds and let it hard over the course of many weeks.  This process called saponification is the time it takes for the sodium hydroxide to evaporate from the mixture which causes the soap to harden in he soap molds.  Other options you have when making soap are to add essential oils, like lavender and grapefruit to give a nice scent to the soap.  This has to be added prior to saponification.
Instruction: How would I get from an upstairs apartment to the parking garage?
Response: If I needed to get from an upstairs apartment to the parking garage, I first would need to know where the parking garage is located.  Most parking garages at apartment complexes are located underground; however, some are above-ground.  Once I've determined where the parking garage is, I would exit my apartment by opening the door, stepping out into the hallway, and then locking the door, and then walk down the hallway in the direction of the elevator or stairs.  I would take the elevator or stairs to the appropriate floor and then exit into the parking garage.  I'm probably in the parking garage because I'm going to my car, so the next step would be to locate my car.  One trick for locating a car in a parking garage is to click the alarm or door lock button on your car's remote to make a sound.
Instruction: What are three most commonly sung lyric soprano arias?
Response: Three most commonly sung lyric soprano arias?
- "Quando m'en vo" from La Boheme by Puccini
- "O mio babbino caro" from Gianni Schicchi by Puccini
- "Deh! vieni non tardar" from Le Nozze di Figaro by Mozart
Instruction: Cases of Anthrax were found in Kerala in which animals?
Response: Wild Boars
Instruction: Categorize the following Taylor Swift songs based on what album they are in: The Archer, tolerate it, Lover, Love Story (Taylor's Version), Bejeweled, Don't Blame Me, 22 (Taylor's version), Look What You Made Me Do, Lavender Haze, willow, Cruel Summer
Response: The following songs are in Taylor Swift's album Lover: The Archer, Lover, Cruel Summer.
The following song is in the album Fearless (Taylor's Version): Love Story (Taylor's Version)
The following songs are in the album evermore: tolerate it, willow
The following songs are in the album Reputation: Don't Blame Me, Look What You Made Me Do
The following song is in the album Red (Taylor's Version): 22 (Taylor's version) 
The following songs are in the album Midnights: Bejeweled, Lavender Haze
Instruction: I'm creating a class to explain to kids the difference between items that are powered and can be plugged in and items that aren't. Please divide the following things into those you can plug in and those that you can't: table, hairdryer, television, chair, computer, fridge, comb, flowers.
Response: A hairdryer, television, computer and fridge are all examples of things that can be plugged in and powered by electricity. A common table, chair, comb and flower are examples of items that do not require electricity and cannot be plugged in.
Instruction: Can you describe what team effectiveness is?
Context: Team effectiveness (also referred to as group effectiveness) is the capacity a team has to accomplish the goals or objectives administered by an authorized personnel or the organization. A team is a collection of individuals who are interdependent in their tasks, share responsibility for outcomes, and view themselves as a unit embedded in an institutional or organizational system which operates within the established boundaries of that system. Teams and groups have established a synonymous relationship within the confines of processes and research relating to their effectiveness (i.e. group cohesiveness, teamwork) while still maintaining their independence as two separate units, as groups and their members are independent of each other's role, skill, knowledge or purpose versus teams and their members, who are interdependent upon each other's role, skill, knowledge and purpose.
Response: Team effectiveness is the capacity a team has to achieve the goals set for that team. Teams are considered more or less effective based on their ability to achieve their goals and objectives. Teams are comprised of individuals who are interdependent in their tasks, share responsibility for outcomes, and view themselves as a unit embedded in an institutional or organizational system which operates within the boundaries of that system.
Instruction: From the passage below, extract the names of the companies and technologies that Walmart has acquired over the last 3 years.
Context: In the first quarter of 2020, consumers responded to COVID by shopping less frequently (5.6% fewer transactions), and buying more when they did shop (16.5%). As people shifted from eating out to eating at home, net sales at Walmart increased by 10.5%, while online sales rose by 74%. Although Walmart experienced a 5.5% increase in operating expenses, its net income increased by 3.9%. In the third quarter of 2020, ending October 31, Walmart reported revenue of $134.7 billion, representing a year-on-year increase of 5.2 percent.

In December 2020, Walmart launched a new service, Carrier Pickup, that allows the customers to schedule a return for a product bought online, in-store, or from a third-party vendor. These services can be initiated on the Walmart App or on the website.

In January 2021, Walmart announced that the company is launching a fintech startup, with venture partner Ribbit Capital, to provide financial products for consumers and employees.

In February 2021, Walmart acquired technology from Thunder Industries, which uses automation to create digital ads, to expand its online marketing capabilities.

In August 2021, Walmart announced it would open its Spark crowdsource delivery to other businesses as a white-label service, competing with Postmates and online food ordering delivery companies.

In December 2021, Walmart announced it will participate in the Stephens Investment Conference Wednesday, and the Morgan Stanley Virtual Global Consumer & Retail Conference. In June 2022, Walmart announced it would be acquiring Memomi, an AR optical tech company.

In August 2022, Walmart announced it would be acquiring Volt Systems, a vendor management and product tracking software company. Walmart announced it was partnering with Paramount to offer Paramount+ content to its Walmart+ subscribers in a bid to better compete with Amazon.

Walmart announced in August 2022 that locations were not going back to 24 hours with most stores now being open between 6am and 11pm.

In January 2023, Walmart announced it would raise its minimum wage for U.S. hourly workers from $12 to $14 an hour. Approximately 340,000 employees are expected to receive a raise, effective in early March 2023, and Walmart's U.S. average wage is expected to be over $17.50. The company also announced it would be adding additional college degrees and certificates to its Live Better U program.
Response: Walmart acquired Volt Systems in August 2022. Volt Systems focuses on vendor management and product tracking. They also acquired technology from Thunder Industries in February 2021 to create digital advertisements.
Instruction: Tell whether these are countries, cities, continents or neither: Australia, Mexico, Mexico city, Antartica, Singapore, India, Gulf, Beijing, Jakarta, Luxembourg, Vatican City
Response: Australia is a country as well as a continent.
Mexico is a country.
Mexico City is a city.
Antarctica is a continent.
Singapore is a country as well as a city.
India is a country.
Gulf is neither.
Beijing is a city.
Jakarta is a city.
Luxembourg is a country as well as a city.
Vatican City is a country as well as a city.
Instruction: Why do people like gardening?
Response: People like to garden to grow their own food, flowers, and medicine, as well as experience the outdoors and natural ecosystems around us.  Some also like to garden to improve the aesthetics and monetary value of their property.
Instruction: I am on a week long vacation to India and specifically want to explore Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh. How should I plan my trip ?
Response: Firstly , fly to Delhi or Chandigarh. These cities are well connected via flights from across the world.  Next , take an overnight bus to Manali.  There are ample buses available connecting Manali from any cities.  Spend 4 days of your time  enjoying local cuisine and sight seeing.   Do carry wollens  as temperature drops sub zero during the night. Next , head towards Shimla and spend 2 days here for local sightseeing enjoying marvels of British architectures and old mall road.  Wrap up your trip travelling back to Delhi or Chandigarh. Spend time doing some local shopping before you fly back home.