Problem: Leo Jr. draws pictures in his notebook with checkered sheets (that is, each sheet has a regular square grid printed on it). We can assume that the sheets are infinitely large in any direction.

To draw a picture, Leo Jr. colors some of the cells on a sheet gray. He considers the resulting picture beautiful if the following conditions are satisfied:

  * The picture is connected, that is, it is possible to get from any gray cell to any other by following a chain of gray cells, with each pair of adjacent cells in the path being neighbours (that is, sharing a side).
  * Each gray cell has an even number of gray neighbours.
  * There are exactly n gray cells with all gray neighbours. The number of other gray cells can be arbitrary (but reasonable, so that they can all be listed).



Leo Jr. is now struggling to draw a beautiful picture with a particular choice of n. Help him, and provide any example of a beautiful picture.

To output cell coordinates in your answer, assume that the sheet is provided with a Cartesian coordinate system such that one of the cells is chosen to be the origin (0, 0), axes 0x and 0y are orthogonal and parallel to grid lines, and a unit step along any axis in any direction takes you to a neighbouring cell.

Input

The only line contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 500) — the number of gray cells with all gray neighbours in a beautiful picture.

Output

In the first line, print a single integer k — the number of gray cells in your picture. For technical reasons, k should not exceed 5 ⋅ 10^5.

Each of the following k lines should contain two integers — coordinates of a gray cell in your picture. All listed cells should be distinct, and the picture should satisdfy all the properties listed above. All coordinates should not exceed 10^9 by absolute value.

One can show that there exists an answer satisfying all requirements with a small enough k.

Example

Input


4


Output


12
1 0
2 0
0 1
1 1
2 1
3 1
0 2
1 2
2 2
3 2
1 3
2 3

Note

The answer for the sample is pictured below:

<image>

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Set;

public class Main {

	private static final String NO = "NO";
	private static final String YES = "YES";
	InputStream is;
	PrintWriter out;
	String INPUT = "";

	private static final long MOD = 1000000007;
	private static final long inf = 100000000000L;

	void solve() {
		int T = 1;
		for (int i = 0; i < T; i++)
			solve(i);
	}

	void solve(int T) {
		int n = ni();
		int p[][] = new int[][] { { 1, 0 }, { 0, 0 }, { 0, 1 } };
		out.println(3 * n + 4);
		put(p[0], n + 1);
		put(p[1], n + 2);
		put(p[2], n + 1);
	}

	private void put(int[] p, int n) {
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			out.println(p[0] + i + " " + (p[1] + i));
	}

	// a^b
	long power(long a, long b) {
		long x = 1, y = a;
		while (b > 0) {
			if (b % 2 != 0) {
				x = (x * y) % MOD;
			}
			y = (y * y) % MOD;
			b /= 2;
		}
		return x % MOD;
	}

	private long gcd(long a, long b) {
		while (a != 0) {
			long tmp = b % a;
			b = a;
			a = tmp;
		}
		return b;
	}

	void run() throws Exception {
		is = INPUT.isEmpty() ? System.in : new ByteArrayInputStream(INPUT.getBytes());
		out = new PrintWriter(System.out);

		long s = System.currentTimeMillis();
		solve();
		out.flush();
		if (!INPUT.isEmpty())
			tr(System.currentTimeMillis() - s + "ms");
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		new Main().run();
	}

	private byte[] inbuf = new byte[1024];
	public int lenbuf = 0, ptrbuf = 0;
	private boolean vis[];

	private int readByte() {
		if (lenbuf == -1)
			throw new InputMismatchException();
		if (ptrbuf >= lenbuf) {
			ptrbuf = 0;
			try {
				lenbuf = is.read(inbuf);
			} catch (IOException e) {
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			}
			if (lenbuf <= 0)
				return -1;
		}
		return inbuf[ptrbuf++];
	}

	private boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
		return !(c >= 33 && c <= 126);
	}

	private int skip() {
		int b;
		while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && isSpaceChar(b))
			;
		return b;
	}

	private double nd() {
		return Double.parseDouble(ns());
	}

	private char nc() {
		return (char) skip();
	}

	private String ns() {
		int b = skip();
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		while (!(isSpaceChar(b))) { // when nextLine, (isSpaceChar(b) && b != '
									// ')
			sb.appendCodePoint(b);
			b = readByte();
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

	private char[] ns(int n) {
		char[] buf = new char[n];
		int b = skip(), p = 0;
		while (p < n) {
			if (!(isSpaceChar(b)))
				buf[p++] = (char) b;
			b = readByte();
		}
		return n == p ? buf : Arrays.copyOf(buf, p);
	}

	private char[][] nm(int n, int m) {
		char[][] map = new char[n][];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			map[i] = ns(m);
		return map;
	}

	private int[] na(int n) {
		int[] a = new int[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = ni();
		return a;
	}

	private List<Integer> na2(int n) {
		List<Integer> a = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a.add(ni());
		return a;
	}

	private int[][] na(int n, int m) {
		int[][] a = new int[n][];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = na(m);
		return a;
	}

	private int ni() {
		int num = 0, b;
		boolean minus = false;
		while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'))
			;
		if (b == '-') {
			minus = true;
			b = readByte();
		}

		while (true) {
			if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
				num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
			} else {
				return minus ? -num : num;
			}
			b = readByte();
		}
	}

	private long[] nl(int n) {
		long[] a = new long[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = nl();
		return a;
	}

	private long[][] nl(int n, int m) {
		long[][] a = new long[n][];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = nl(m);
		return a;
	}

	private long nl() {
		long num = 0;
		int b;
		boolean minus = false;
		while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'))
			;
		if (b == '-') {
			minus = true;
			b = readByte();
		}

		while (true) {
			if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
				num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
			} else {
				return minus ? -num : num;
			}
			b = readByte();
		}
	}

	private static void tr(Object... o) {
		System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(o));
	}

	public class Pair<K, V> {

		/**
		 * Key of this <code>Pair</code>.
		 */
		private K key;

		/**
		 * Gets the key for this pair.
		 * 
		 * @return key for this pair
		 */
		public K getKey() {
			return key;
		}

		/**
		 * Value of this this <code>Pair</code>.
		 */
		private V value;

		/**
		 * Gets the value for this pair.
		 * 
		 * @return value for this pair
		 */
		public V getValue() {
			return value;
		}

		/**
		 * Creates a new pair
		 * 
		 * @param key   The key for this pair
		 * @param value The value to use for this pair
		 */
		public Pair(K key, V value) {
			this.key = key;
			this.value = value;
		}

		/**
		 * <p>
		 * <code>String</code> representation of this <code>Pair</code>.
		 * </p>
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * The default name/value delimiter '=' is always used.
		 * </p>
		 *
		 * @return <code>String</code> representation of this <code>Pair</code>
		 */
		@Override
		public String toString() {
			return key + "=" + value;
		}

		/**
		 * <p>
		 * Generate a hash code for this <code>Pair</code>.
		 * </p>
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * The hash code is calculated using both the name and the value of the
		 * <code>Pair</code>.
		 * </p>
		 *
		 * @return hash code for this <code>Pair</code>
		 */
		@Override
		public int hashCode() {
			// name's hashCode is multiplied by an arbitrary prime number (13)
			// in order to make sure there is a difference in the hashCode between
			// these two parameters:
			// name: a value: aa
			// name: aa value: a
			return key.hashCode() * 13 + (value == null ? 0 : value.hashCode());
		}

		/**
		 * <p>
		 * Test this <code>Pair</code> for equality with another <code>Object</code>.
		 * </p>
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * If the <code>Object</code> to be tested is not a <code>Pair</code> or is
		 * <code>null</code>, then this method returns <code>false</code>.
		 * </p>
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Two <code>Pair</code>s are considered equal if and only if both the names and
		 * values are equal.
		 * </p>
		 *
		 * @param o the <code>Object</code> to test for equality with this
		 *          <code>Pair</code>
		 * @return <code>true</code> if the given <code>Object</code> is equal to this
		 *         <code>Pair</code> else <code>false</code>
		 */
		@Override
		public boolean equals(Object o) {
			if (this == o)
				return true;
			if (o instanceof Pair) {
				Pair pair = (Pair) o;
				if (key != null ? !key.equals(pair.key) : pair.key != null)
					return false;
				if (value != null ? !value.equals(pair.value) : pair.value != null)
					return false;
				return true;
			}
			return false;
		}
	}

}