Problem: You have an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_n where a_i = i.

In one step, you can choose two indices x and y (x ≠ y) and set a_x = \left⌈ (a_x)/(a_y) \right⌉ (ceiling function).

Your goal is to make array a consist of n - 1 ones and 1 two in no more than n + 5 steps. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of steps.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases.

The first and only line of each test case contains the single integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the length of array a.

It's guaranteed that the sum of n over test cases doesn't exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print the sequence of operations that will make a as n - 1 ones and 1 two in the following format: firstly, print one integer m (m ≤ n + 5) — the number of operations; next print m pairs of integers x and y (1 ≤ x, y ≤ n; x ≠ y) (x may be greater or less than y) — the indices of the corresponding operation.

It can be proven that for the given constraints it's always possible to find a correct sequence of operations.

Example

Input


2
3
4


Output


2
3 2
3 2
3
3 4
4 2
4 2

Note

In the first test case, you have array a = [1, 2, 3]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ (a_3)/(a_2) \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 2]; 
  2. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1]. 

You've got array with 2 ones and 1 two in 2 steps.

In the second test case, a = [1, 2, 3, 4]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 4: a_3 = \left⌈ 3/4 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 4]; 
  2. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 4/2 \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 2]; 
  3. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 1]. 

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class P1469D {
    static InputReader in = new InputReader(System.in);
    static PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
    static long mod = (long) (Math.pow(10, 9)) + 7;
    static HashMap<Integer, List<Integer>> adjList = new HashMap<>();
    static boolean[] visited;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int test = in.nextInt();
//        int test = 1;
        while(test-->0) {
            solve();
        }
        pw.close();
    }

    static void solve() {
        int n = in.nextInt();
        int end = n;

        ArrayDeque<int[]> out = new ArrayDeque<>();
        for(int i = n - 1; i >= 3; --i){
            int val = (int) Math.ceil((double) end / (double) i);
            if(val  >= i){
                out.add(new int[]{n, i});
                end = val;
            }
            out.add(new int[]{i, n});
        }

        while(end > 1){
            out.add(new int[]{n, 2});
            end = (end + 2 - 1) / 2;
        }

        pw.println(out.size());
        for(int[] a : out) pw.println(a[0] + " " + a[1]);
    }

    static long fast_pow(long a, long b) {
        if(b == 0)
            return 1L;

        long val = fast_pow(a, b / 2);

        if(b % 2 == 0)
            return val * val % mod;
        else
            return val * val % mod * a % mod;
    }

    static void sort(long[] a) //check for long
    {
        ArrayList<Long> l=new ArrayList<>();
        for (long i:a) l.add(i);
        Collections.sort(l);
        for (int i=0; i<a.length; i++) a[i]=l.get(i);
    }

    static void sort(int[] a) {
        ArrayList<Integer> l=new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i:a) l.add(i);
        Collections.sort(l);
        for (int i=0; i<a.length; i++) a[i]=l.get(i);
    }

    static class UF {
        // Number of connected components
        private int count;
        // Store a tree
        private int[] parent;
        // Record the "weight" of the tree
        private int[] size;

        public UF(int n) {
            this.count = n;
            parent = new int[n];
            size = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                parent[i] = i;
                size[i] = 1;
            }
        }

        public void union(int p, int q) {
            int rootP = find(p);
            int rootQ = find(q);
            if (rootP == rootQ)
                return;

            // The small tree is more balanced under the big tree
            if (size[rootP] > size[rootQ]) {
                parent[rootQ] = rootP;
                size[rootP] += size[rootQ];
            } else {
                parent[rootP] = rootQ;
                size[rootQ] += size[rootP];
            }
            count--;
        }

        public boolean connected(int p, int q) {
            int rootP = find(p);
            int rootQ = find(q);
            return rootP == rootQ;
        }

        private int find(int x) {
            while (parent[x] != x) {
                // Path compression
                parent[x] = parent[parent[x]];
                x = parent[x];
            }
            return x;
        }

        public int count() {
            return count;
        }
    }
    static class InputReader {

        private final InputStream stream;
        private final byte[] buf = new byte[8192];
        private int curChar, snumChars;

        public InputReader(InputStream st) {
            this.stream = st;
        }

        public int read() {
            if (snumChars == -1)
                throw new InputMismatchException();
            if (curChar >= snumChars) {
                curChar = 0;
                try {
                    snumChars = stream.read(buf);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                }
                if (snumChars <= 0)
                    return -1;
            }
            return buf[curChar++];
        }

        public int nextInt() {
            int c = read();
            while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
                c = read();
            }
            int sgn = 1;
            if (c == '-') {
                sgn = -1;
                c = read();
            }
            int res = 0;
            do {
                res *= 10;
                res += c - '0';
                c = read();
            } while (!isSpaceChar(c));
            return res * sgn;
        }

        public long nextLong() {
            int c = read();
            while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
                c = read();
            }
            int sgn = 1;
            if (c == '-') {
                sgn = -1;
                c = read();
            }
            long res = 0;
            do {
                res *= 10;
                res += c - '0';
                c = read();
            } while (!isSpaceChar(c));
            return res * sgn;
        }

        public int[] nextIntArray(int n) {
            int [] a = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                a[i] = nextInt();
            }
            return a;
        }
        public long[] nextLongArray(int n) {
            long [] a = new long[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                a[i] = nextLong();
            }
            return a;
        }

        public static int[] shuffle(int[] a, Random gen)
        { for(int i = 0, n = a.length;i < n;i++)
        { int ind = gen.nextInt(n-i)+i;
            int d = a[i];
            a[i] = a[ind];
            a[ind] = d;

        }
            return a;
        }


        public String readString() {
            int c = read();
            while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
                c = read();
            }
            StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
            do {
                res.appendCodePoint(c);
                c = read();
            } while (!isSpaceChar(c));
            return res.toString();
        }

        public String nextLine() {
            int c = read();
            while (isSpaceChar(c))
                c = read();
            StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
            do {
                res.appendCodePoint(c);
                c = read();
            } while (!isEndOfLine(c));
            return res.toString();
        }

        public boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
            return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
        }

        private boolean isEndOfLine(int c) {
            return c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == -1;
        }
    }
}