Problem: You have an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_n where a_i = i.

In one step, you can choose two indices x and y (x ≠ y) and set a_x = \left⌈ (a_x)/(a_y) \right⌉ (ceiling function).

Your goal is to make array a consist of n - 1 ones and 1 two in no more than n + 5 steps. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of steps.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases.

The first and only line of each test case contains the single integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the length of array a.

It's guaranteed that the sum of n over test cases doesn't exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print the sequence of operations that will make a as n - 1 ones and 1 two in the following format: firstly, print one integer m (m ≤ n + 5) — the number of operations; next print m pairs of integers x and y (1 ≤ x, y ≤ n; x ≠ y) (x may be greater or less than y) — the indices of the corresponding operation.

It can be proven that for the given constraints it's always possible to find a correct sequence of operations.

Example

Input


2
3
4


Output


2
3 2
3 2
3
3 4
4 2
4 2

Note

In the first test case, you have array a = [1, 2, 3]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ (a_3)/(a_2) \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 2]; 
  2. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1]. 

You've got array with 2 ones and 1 two in 2 steps.

In the second test case, a = [1, 2, 3, 4]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 4: a_3 = \left⌈ 3/4 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 4]; 
  2. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 4/2 \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 2]; 
  3. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 1]. 

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import static java.lang.Math.*;
import static java.lang.System.out;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class A {
 
	static final int mod = 1000000007;
	static final long temp = 998244353;
	static final long MOD = 1000000007;
	static final long M = (long)1e9+7;
 
	
	static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair>
	{
		int first, second;
		public Pair(int aa, int bb)
		{
			first = aa; second = bb;
		}
		public int compareTo(Pair p)
		{
			if(first == p.first) return (int)(second - p.second);
			return (int)(first - p.first);
		}
	}
	
	/*
	 * IO FOR 2D GRID IN JAVA
	 * 	char[][] grid = new char[n][m];
			for(int i = 0;i<n;i++)
			{
				char[] s = sc.next().toCharArray();
				for(int j = 0;j<m;j++)
				{
					grid[i][j] = s[j];
				}
			}
	 * */
	
	static class Reader {
		BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		StringTokenizer st=new StringTokenizer("");
		String next() {
			while (!st.hasMoreTokens())
				try {
					st=new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			return st.nextToken();
		}
		
		int nextInt() {
			return Integer.parseInt(next());
		}
		
		int[] readArray(int n) throws IOException {
			int[] a=new int[n];
			for (int i=0; i<n; i++) a[i]=nextInt();
			return a;
		}
		
		long[] longReadArray(int n) throws IOException {
			long[] a=new long[n];
			for (int i=0; i<n; i++) a[i]=nextLong();
			return a;
		}
		
		
		long nextLong() {
			return Long.parseLong(next());
		}
		double nextDouble() {
			return Double.parseDouble(next());
		}
	}
	
 
		public static boolean isPrime(int n) 
		{
			if(n == 1)
			{
				return false;
			}
			for(int i = 2;i*i<=n;i++)
			{
				if(n%i == 0)
				{
					return false;
				}
			}
			return true;
	}
	
	public static List<Integer> SieveList(int n)
	{
		boolean prime[] = new boolean[n+1];
		Arrays.fill(prime, true);
		
		List<Integer> l = new ArrayList<>();
		for (int p=2; p*p<=n; p++) 
		{ 
			if (prime[p] == true) 
			{ 	
			    for(int i=p*p; i<=n; i += p) 
				{
				    prime[i] = false; 
				}	
			} 
		} 
 
		for (int p=2; p<=n; p++) 
		{
		    if (prime[p] == true)
		    {
		       l.add(p); 
		    }
		}
		
		return l;
	}
	
	
	public static int gcd(int a, int b)
	{
		if(b == 0)
		 return a;
		
		else
		return gcd(b,a%b);
	} 
 
	public static int lcm(int a, int b)
    {
        return (a / gcd(a, b)) * b;
    }
	
	public static long LongGCD(long a, long b)
	{
		if(b == 0)
			 return a;
			
			else
			return LongGCD(b,a%b);
	}
	
	public static long LongLCM(long a, long b)
    {
        return (a / LongGCD(a, b)) * b;
    }
	
	public static int phi(int n)  //euler totient function
    { 
        int result = 1; 
        for (int i = 2; i < n; i++) 
            if (gcd(i, n) == 1) 
                result++; 
        return result; 
    }
	
	public static long fastPow(long x, long n) //include mod at each step if asked and in args of fn too
	{
		if(n == 0)
			return 1;
		else if(n%2 == 0)
			return fastPow(x*x,n/2);
		else
			return x*fastPow(x*x,(n-1)/2);
	}
	
	
	   public static long modPow(long x, long y, long p)
	    {
	        long res = 1;
	        x = x % p;
	 
	        while (y > 0) {
	            if (y % 2 == 1)
	                res = (res * x) % p;
	 
	            y = y >> 1; 
	            x = (x * x) % p;
	        }
	        return res;
	    }
	   
	   static long modInverse(long n, long p)
	    {
	        return modPow(n, p - 2, p);
	    }
	 
	    // Returns nCr % p using Fermat's little theorem.
	    
	    public static long nCrModP(long n, long r,long p)
	    {
	          if (n<r) 
	              return 0;
	          
	        if (r == 0)
	            return 1;
	 
	        long[] fac = new long[(int)(n) + 1];
	        fac[0] = 1;
	 
	        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
	            fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i % p;
	 
	        return (fac[(int)(n)] * modInverse(fac[(int)(r)], p)
	                % p * modInverse(fac[(int)(n - r)], p)
	                % p)
	            % p;
	    }
	    
	    public static long nCr(long n, long r)
	    {
	    	long ans = 1;
	    	for(long i = 1,j = n;i<=r;i++,j--)
	    	{
	    		ans = ans * j / i;
	    	}
	    	return ans;
	    }
 
		public static void Sort(int[] a) {
			List<Integer> l=new ArrayList<>();
			for (int i : a) l.add(i);
			Collections.sort(l);
			Collections.reverse(l);  //Use to Sort decreasingly 
			for (int i=0; i<a.length; i++) a[i]=l.get(i);
		}
		
		
		//Modular Operations for Addition and Multiplication. 
		
		   public static long perfomMod(long x)
		   {
		        return ((x%M + M)%M);
		    }
		   public static long addMod(long a, long  b)
		   {
		        return perfomMod(perfomMod(a)+perfomMod(b));
		    }
		   public static long mulMod(long  a, long b)
		   {
		        return perfomMod(perfomMod(a)*perfomMod(b));
		   }
		
		   public static int LowerBound(int a[], int x) 
		   {
				  int l=-1,r=a.length;
				  while(l+1<r) {
				    int m=(l+r)>>>1;
				    if(a[m]>=x) r=m;
				    else l=m;
				  }
				  return r;
			}
		
		   
			public static int UpperBound(int a[], int x) 
			{
			    int l=-1;
			    int r=a.length;
			    while(l+1<r) {
			       int m=(l+r)>>>1;
			       if(a[m]<=x) l=m;
			       else r=m;
			    }
			    return l+1;
			}
			
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException 
	{
		Reader sc = new Reader();
		PrintWriter fout = new PrintWriter(System.out);
		
		int t = sc.nextInt();
		while(t-- > 0)
		{
			int n = sc.nextInt();
			int last = n;
			ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
			for(int i = n-1;i>2;i--)
			{
				if(i <= (last + i - 1)/i)
				{
					list.add(n);
					list.add(i);
					last = (last + i - 1)/i;
				}
				list.add(i);
				list.add(n);
			}
			while(last > 1)
			{
				list.add(n);
				list.add(2);
				last = (last + 1)/2;
			}
			System.out.println(list.size()/2);
			
			for(int i = 0;i<list.size();i+=2)
			{
				System.out.println(list.get(i) + " " + list.get(i + 1));
			}
		}
		fout.close();
		
	}
}