Problem: You have an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_n where a_i = i.

In one step, you can choose two indices x and y (x ≠ y) and set a_x = \left⌈ (a_x)/(a_y) \right⌉ (ceiling function).

Your goal is to make array a consist of n - 1 ones and 1 two in no more than n + 5 steps. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of steps.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases.

The first and only line of each test case contains the single integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the length of array a.

It's guaranteed that the sum of n over test cases doesn't exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print the sequence of operations that will make a as n - 1 ones and 1 two in the following format: firstly, print one integer m (m ≤ n + 5) — the number of operations; next print m pairs of integers x and y (1 ≤ x, y ≤ n; x ≠ y) (x may be greater or less than y) — the indices of the corresponding operation.

It can be proven that for the given constraints it's always possible to find a correct sequence of operations.

Example

Input


2
3
4


Output


2
3 2
3 2
3
3 4
4 2
4 2

Note

In the first test case, you have array a = [1, 2, 3]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ (a_3)/(a_2) \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 2]; 
  2. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1]. 

You've got array with 2 ones and 1 two in 2 steps.

In the second test case, a = [1, 2, 3, 4]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 4: a_3 = \left⌈ 3/4 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 4]; 
  2. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 4/2 \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 2]; 
  3. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 1]. 

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;

public class D
{
	public static class FastIO
	{
		BufferedReader br;
		BufferedWriter bw, be;
		StringTokenizer st;

		public FastIO()
		{
			br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
			bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));
			be = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.err));
			st = new StringTokenizer("");
		}

		private void read() throws IOException
		{
			st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
		}

		public String ns() throws IOException
		{
			while(!st.hasMoreTokens())
				read();
			return st.nextToken();
		}

		public int ni() throws IOException
		{
			return Integer.parseInt(ns());
		}

		public long nl() throws IOException
		{
			return Long.parseLong(ns());
		}

		public float nf() throws IOException
		{
			return Float.parseFloat(ns());
		}

		public double nd() throws IOException
		{
			return Double.parseDouble(ns());
		}

		public char nc() throws IOException
		{
			return ns().charAt(0);
		}

		public int[] nia(int n) throws IOException
		{
			int[] a = new int[n];
			for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				a[i] = ni();

			return a;
		}

		public long[] nla(int n) throws IOException
		{
			long[] a = new long[n];
			for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				a[i] = nl();

			return a;
		}

		public char[] nca() throws IOException
		{
			return f.ns().toCharArray();
		}

		public void out(String s) throws IOException
		{
			bw.write(s);
		}

		public void flush() throws IOException
		{
			bw.flush();
			be.flush();
		}

		public void err(String s) throws IOException
		{
			be.write(s);
		}
	}

	static FastIO f;

	public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException
	{
		f = new FastIO();

		int t, n, i, p, a[] = new int[]{4, 16, 256, 65536, 200000};
		Stack<Integer> s;
		
		t = f.ni();
		
		while(t-->0)
		{
			n = f.ni();
			s = new Stack<>();
			s.push(2);
			for(i = 0; n > a[i]; i++);
			f.out(n-1+i + "\n");
			for(i = 3, p = 4; i < n; i++)
			{
				if(i == p)
				{
					s.push(i);
					p *= p;
					continue;
				}
				f.out(i + " " + (i+1) + "\n");
			}
			f.out(n + " " + s.peek() + "\n" + n + " " + s.peek() + "\n");

			while(s.size() > 1)
			{
				i = s.pop();
				f.out(i + " " + s.peek() + "\n" + i + " " + s.peek() + "\n");
			}
		}

		f.flush();
	}
}