Problem: You have an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_n where a_i = i.

In one step, you can choose two indices x and y (x ≠ y) and set a_x = \left⌈ (a_x)/(a_y) \right⌉ (ceiling function).

Your goal is to make array a consist of n - 1 ones and 1 two in no more than n + 5 steps. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of steps.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases.

The first and only line of each test case contains the single integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the length of array a.

It's guaranteed that the sum of n over test cases doesn't exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print the sequence of operations that will make a as n - 1 ones and 1 two in the following format: firstly, print one integer m (m ≤ n + 5) — the number of operations; next print m pairs of integers x and y (1 ≤ x, y ≤ n; x ≠ y) (x may be greater or less than y) — the indices of the corresponding operation.

It can be proven that for the given constraints it's always possible to find a correct sequence of operations.

Example

Input


2
3
4


Output


2
3 2
3 2
3
3 4
4 2
4 2

Note

In the first test case, you have array a = [1, 2, 3]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ (a_3)/(a_2) \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 2]; 
  2. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1]. 

You've got array with 2 ones and 1 two in 2 steps.

In the second test case, a = [1, 2, 3, 4]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 4: a_3 = \left⌈ 3/4 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 4]; 
  2. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 4/2 \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 2]; 
  3. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 1]. 

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
public class D {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		FastScanner sc = new FastScanner();
		int T = sc.nextInt();
		StringBuilder sbres = new StringBuilder();
		while(T-- > 0) {
			int n = sc.nextInt();
			TreeSet<Long> vals = new TreeSet<>();
			long aux = n;
			int res = 0;
			while(aux > 2) {
				vals.add(aux);
				aux = (long)Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(aux));
			}
			vals.add(2L);
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
			for(long i = n-1; i >= 3; i--){
				if(!vals.contains(i)) {
					sb.append(i+" "+n+"\n"); res++;
				}
			}
			while(vals.size() >= 2) {
				long x = vals.pollLast();
				long y = vals.last();
				sb.append(x+" "+y+"\n");
				sb.append(x+" "+y+"\n");
				res += 2;
			}
			sbres.append(res+"\n");
			sbres.append(sb);
		}
		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
		pw.println(sbres.toString().trim());
		pw.flush();
	}
	
	static class FastScanner {
		public BufferedReader reader;
		public StringTokenizer tokenizer;
		public FastScanner() {
			reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in), 32768);
			tokenizer = null;
		}
		public String next() {
			while (tokenizer == null || !tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
				try {
					tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(reader.readLine());
				} catch (IOException e) {
					throw new RuntimeException(e);
				}
			}
			return tokenizer.nextToken();
		}
		public int nextInt() {
			return Integer.parseInt(next());
		}
		public long nextLong() {
			return Long.parseLong(next());
		}
		public double nextDouble() {
			return Double.parseDouble(next());
		}
		public String nextLine() {
			try {
				return reader.readLine();
			} catch(IOException e) {
				throw new RuntimeException(e);
			}
		}
	}

}