Problem: You have an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_n where a_i = i.

In one step, you can choose two indices x and y (x ≠ y) and set a_x = \left⌈ (a_x)/(a_y) \right⌉ (ceiling function).

Your goal is to make array a consist of n - 1 ones and 1 two in no more than n + 5 steps. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of steps.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases.

The first and only line of each test case contains the single integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the length of array a.

It's guaranteed that the sum of n over test cases doesn't exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print the sequence of operations that will make a as n - 1 ones and 1 two in the following format: firstly, print one integer m (m ≤ n + 5) — the number of operations; next print m pairs of integers x and y (1 ≤ x, y ≤ n; x ≠ y) (x may be greater or less than y) — the indices of the corresponding operation.

It can be proven that for the given constraints it's always possible to find a correct sequence of operations.

Example

Input


2
3
4


Output


2
3 2
3 2
3
3 4
4 2
4 2

Note

In the first test case, you have array a = [1, 2, 3]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ (a_3)/(a_2) \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 2]; 
  2. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1]. 

You've got array with 2 ones and 1 two in 2 steps.

In the second test case, a = [1, 2, 3, 4]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 4: a_3 = \left⌈ 3/4 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 4]; 
  2. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 4/2 \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 2]; 
  3. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 1]. 

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import java.util.StringTokenizer;


public class TaskD {

    public static void main(String[] arg) {
        final FastScanner in = new FastScanner(System.in);
        final PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
        final int T = in.nextInt();
        for (int t = 0; t < T; t++) {
           final int n = in.nextInt();
           List<int[]> result = new ArrayList<>();
           long max=n;

           while(max>2) {
               long i=max-1;
               while ((i - 1) * (i - 1) > max) {
                   result.add(new int[]{(int) i, (int) max});
                   i--;
               }
               result.add(new int[]{(int) max, (int) i});
               result.add(new int[]{(int) max, (int) i});
               max = i;
           }
           StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
           res.append(result.size()).append('\n');
           for(int []p:result){
             res.append(String.format("%d %d%n", p[0],p[1]));
           }
           out.println(res.toString());
        }

        out.close();
        in.close();
    }



    private static class FastScanner {
        BufferedReader br;
        StringTokenizer st;

        FastScanner(InputStream stream) {
            try {
                br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream));
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        String next() {
            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens()) {
                try {
                    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return st.nextToken();
        }

        int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }

        int[] readIntArr(int n) {
            int[] result = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                result[i] = Integer.parseInt(next());
            }
            return result;
        }

        void close() {
            try {
                br.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        long nextLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }

    }

}