Problem: You have an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_n where a_i = i.

In one step, you can choose two indices x and y (x ≠ y) and set a_x = \left⌈ (a_x)/(a_y) \right⌉ (ceiling function).

Your goal is to make array a consist of n - 1 ones and 1 two in no more than n + 5 steps. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of steps.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases.

The first and only line of each test case contains the single integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the length of array a.

It's guaranteed that the sum of n over test cases doesn't exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print the sequence of operations that will make a as n - 1 ones and 1 two in the following format: firstly, print one integer m (m ≤ n + 5) — the number of operations; next print m pairs of integers x and y (1 ≤ x, y ≤ n; x ≠ y) (x may be greater or less than y) — the indices of the corresponding operation.

It can be proven that for the given constraints it's always possible to find a correct sequence of operations.

Example

Input


2
3
4


Output


2
3 2
3 2
3
3 4
4 2
4 2

Note

In the first test case, you have array a = [1, 2, 3]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ (a_3)/(a_2) \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 2]; 
  2. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1]. 

You've got array with 2 ones and 1 two in 2 steps.

In the second test case, a = [1, 2, 3, 4]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 4: a_3 = \left⌈ 3/4 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 4]; 
  2. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 4/2 \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 2]; 
  3. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 1]. 

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
 * Built using CHelper plug-in
 * Actual solution is at the top
 */
public class Main
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        InputStream inputStream = System.in;
        OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
        Scanner in = new Scanner(inputStream);
        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
        TaskD solver = new TaskD();
        solver.solve(1, in, out);
        out.close();
    }

    static class TaskD
    {
        public void solve(int testNumber, Scanner in, PrintWriter out)
        {
            int T = in.nextInt();
            while (T-- > 0)
            {
                solveOne(in, out);
            }
        }

        private void solveOne(Scanner in, PrintWriter out)
        {
            int N = in.nextInt();
            int i = (int) Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(N));
            boolean ok = true;
            List<int[]> sol = new ArrayList<>();
            while (i >= 2 && ok)
            {
                int j = N;
                List<int[]> partialAns = new ArrayList<>();
                while (j > i + 1)
                {
                    if (j - 1 != 2)
                    {
                        //System.out.println((j) + "," + (j-1));
                        partialAns.add(new int[]{j - 1, j});
                    }
                    j--;
                }
                Collections.reverse(partialAns);
                //System.out.println((i) + "," + (N));
                //System.out.println((i) + "," + (N));
                sol.addAll(partialAns);
                sol.add(new int[]{N, i});
                sol.add(new int[]{N, i});
                if (i == 2 && ok) ok = false;
                N = i;
                i = (int) Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(N));
            }
            out.println(sol.size());
            for (int[] el : sol)
            {
                out.println(el[0] + " " + el[1]);
            }
        }

    }
}