Problem: You have an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_n where a_i = i.

In one step, you can choose two indices x and y (x ≠ y) and set a_x = \left⌈ (a_x)/(a_y) \right⌉ (ceiling function).

Your goal is to make array a consist of n - 1 ones and 1 two in no more than n + 5 steps. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of steps.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases.

The first and only line of each test case contains the single integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the length of array a.

It's guaranteed that the sum of n over test cases doesn't exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print the sequence of operations that will make a as n - 1 ones and 1 two in the following format: firstly, print one integer m (m ≤ n + 5) — the number of operations; next print m pairs of integers x and y (1 ≤ x, y ≤ n; x ≠ y) (x may be greater or less than y) — the indices of the corresponding operation.

It can be proven that for the given constraints it's always possible to find a correct sequence of operations.

Example

Input


2
3
4


Output


2
3 2
3 2
3
3 4
4 2
4 2

Note

In the first test case, you have array a = [1, 2, 3]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ (a_3)/(a_2) \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 2]; 
  2. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1]. 

You've got array with 2 ones and 1 two in 2 steps.

In the second test case, a = [1, 2, 3, 4]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 4: a_3 = \left⌈ 3/4 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 4]; 
  2. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 4/2 \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 2]; 
  3. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 1]. 

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * Built using CHelper plug-in
 * Actual solution is at the top
 *
 * @author Asgar Javadov
 */
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InputStream inputStream = System.in;
        OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
        InputReader in = new InputReader(inputStream);
        OutputWriter out = new OutputWriter(outputStream);
        DCeilDivisions solver = new DCeilDivisions();
        int testCount = Integer.parseInt(in.next());
        for (int i = 1; i <= testCount; i++)
            solver.solve(i, in, out);
        out.close();
    }

    static class DCeilDivisions {
        public void solve(int testNumber, InputReader in, OutputWriter out) {
            int n = in.nextInt();
            if (n == 3) {
                out.println(2);
                out.println("3 2");
                out.println("3 2");
                return;
            }

            var count = n < 10 ? n - 3 : n - 4;

            var div = 0;
            var q = n < 10 ? 2 : 8;

            var temp = n;
            while (temp > 1) {
                temp = (temp + q - 1) / q;
                div++;
            }

            int x = count + div + (q == 8 ? 3 : 0);
            if (x > n + 5) throw new RuntimeException("Too many operations");
            out.println(x);
            for (int i = 3; i < n; i++) {
                if (i == q) continue;
                out.print(i);
                out.space();
                out.println(i + 1);
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < div; i++) {
                out.print(n);
                out.space();
                out.println(q);
            }
            if (q == 8) {
                for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                    out.println("8 2");
                }
            }
            out.println();
        }

    }

    static class OutputWriter extends PrintWriter {
        public OutputWriter(OutputStream outputStream) {
            super(outputStream);
        }

        public OutputWriter(Writer writer) {
            super(writer);
        }

        public OutputWriter(String filename) throws FileNotFoundException {
            super(filename);
        }

        public void space() {
            print(' ');
        }

        public void close() {
            super.close();
        }

    }

    static class InputReader extends BufferedReader {
        StringTokenizer tokenizer;

        public InputReader(InputStream inputStream) {
            super(new InputStreamReader(inputStream), 32768);
        }

        public InputReader(Reader reader) {
            super(reader);
        }

        public InputReader(String filename) {
            super(new InputStreamReader(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(filename)));
        }

        public String next() {
            while (tokenizer == null || !tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
                try {
                    String line = readLine();
                    if (line == null) continue;
                    tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(line);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException();
                }
            }
            return tokenizer.nextToken();
        }

        public Integer nextInt() {
            return Integer.valueOf(next());
        }

    }
}