Problem: Leo Jr. draws pictures in his notebook with checkered sheets (that is, each sheet has a regular square grid printed on it). We can assume that the sheets are infinitely large in any direction.

To draw a picture, Leo Jr. colors some of the cells on a sheet gray. He considers the resulting picture beautiful if the following conditions are satisfied:

  * The picture is connected, that is, it is possible to get from any gray cell to any other by following a chain of gray cells, with each pair of adjacent cells in the path being neighbours (that is, sharing a side).
  * Each gray cell has an even number of gray neighbours.
  * There are exactly n gray cells with all gray neighbours. The number of other gray cells can be arbitrary (but reasonable, so that they can all be listed).



Leo Jr. is now struggling to draw a beautiful picture with a particular choice of n. Help him, and provide any example of a beautiful picture.

To output cell coordinates in your answer, assume that the sheet is provided with a Cartesian coordinate system such that one of the cells is chosen to be the origin (0, 0), axes 0x and 0y are orthogonal and parallel to grid lines, and a unit step along any axis in any direction takes you to a neighbouring cell.

Input

The only line contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 500) — the number of gray cells with all gray neighbours in a beautiful picture.

Output

In the first line, print a single integer k — the number of gray cells in your picture. For technical reasons, k should not exceed 5 ⋅ 10^5.

Each of the following k lines should contain two integers — coordinates of a gray cell in your picture. All listed cells should be distinct, and the picture should satisdfy all the properties listed above. All coordinates should not exceed 10^9 by absolute value.

One can show that there exists an answer satisfying all requirements with a small enough k.

Example

Input


4


Output


12
1 0
2 0
0 1
1 1
2 1
3 1
0 2
1 2
2 2
3 2
1 3
2 3

Note

The answer for the sample is pictured below:

<image>

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
/* package codechef; // don't place package name! */

import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;

/* Name of the class has to be "Main" only if the class is public. */
public class Codechef
{   

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		FastReader in = new FastReader(System.in);
        int n=in.nextInt();
        int k=2;
        List<pair> list=new ArrayList<pair>();
        list.add(new pair(0,0));
        list.add(new pair(1,0));
        list.add(new pair(0,1));
        list.add(new pair(1,1));
        list.add(new pair(2,1));
        list.add(new pair(1,2));
        list.add(new pair(2,2));
        while(k<=n){
            list.add(new pair(k+1,k));
            list.add(new pair(k,k+1));
            list.add(new pair(k+1,k+1));
            ++k;
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
        for(int i=0;i<list.size();i++){
            pair p=list.get(i);
            p.print();
        }
       
	}
}   
class pair{
    int x;
    int y;
    pair(int x,int y){
        this.x=x;
        this.y=y;
    }
    void print(){
        System.out.println(x+" "+y);
    }
    
}
class FastReader {

    byte[] buf = new byte[2048];
    int index, total;
    InputStream in;

    FastReader(InputStream is) {
        in = is;
    }

    int scan() throws IOException {
        if (index >= total) {
            index = 0;
            total = in.read(buf);
            if (total <= 0) {
                return -1;
            }
        }
        return buf[index++];
    }

    String next() throws IOException {
        int c;
        for (c = scan(); c <= 32; c = scan()) ;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (; c > 32; c = scan()) {
            sb.append((char) c);
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    String nextLine() throws IOException {
        int c;
        for (c = scan(); c <= 32; c = scan()) ;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (; c != 10 && c != 13; c = scan()) {
            sb.append((char) c);
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    char nextChar() throws IOException {
        int c;
        for (c = scan(); c <= 32; c = scan()) ;
        return (char) c;
    }

    int nextInt() throws IOException {
        int c, val = 0;
        for (c = scan(); c <= 32; c = scan()) ;
        boolean neg = c == '-';
        if (c == '-' || c == '+') {
            c = scan();
        }
        for (; c >= '0' && c <= '9'; c = scan()) {
            val = (val << 3) + (val << 1) + (c & 15);
        }
        return neg ? -val : val;
    }

    long nextLong() throws IOException {
        int c;
        long val = 0;
        for (c = scan(); c <= 32; c = scan()) ;
        boolean neg = c == '-';
        if (c == '-' || c == '+') {
            c = scan();
        }
        for (; c >= '0' && c <= '9'; c = scan()) {
            val = (val << 3) + (val << 1) + (c & 15);
        }
        return neg ? -val : val;
    }
}