Problem: You have an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_n where a_i = i.

In one step, you can choose two indices x and y (x ≠ y) and set a_x = \left⌈ (a_x)/(a_y) \right⌉ (ceiling function).

Your goal is to make array a consist of n - 1 ones and 1 two in no more than n + 5 steps. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of steps.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases.

The first and only line of each test case contains the single integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the length of array a.

It's guaranteed that the sum of n over test cases doesn't exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print the sequence of operations that will make a as n - 1 ones and 1 two in the following format: firstly, print one integer m (m ≤ n + 5) — the number of operations; next print m pairs of integers x and y (1 ≤ x, y ≤ n; x ≠ y) (x may be greater or less than y) — the indices of the corresponding operation.

It can be proven that for the given constraints it's always possible to find a correct sequence of operations.

Example

Input


2
3
4


Output


2
3 2
3 2
3
3 4
4 2
4 2

Note

In the first test case, you have array a = [1, 2, 3]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ (a_3)/(a_2) \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 2]; 
  2. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1]. 

You've got array with 2 ones and 1 two in 2 steps.

In the second test case, a = [1, 2, 3, 4]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 4: a_3 = \left⌈ 3/4 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 4]; 
  2. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 4/2 \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 2]; 
  3. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 1]. 

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class D {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        InputReader in = new InputReader();
        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
        int t = in.nextInt();
        while (t-- > 0) {
            int n = in.nextInt();
            ArrayList<Integer> a = new ArrayList<Integer>();
            ArrayList<Integer> b = new ArrayList<Integer>();
            int on = n;
            for (int i = n - 1; i > 2; i--) {
                while (i * (long) i <= n) {
                    n = (n + i - 1) / i;
                    a.add(on);
                    b.add(i);
                }
                a.add(i);
                b.add(on);
            }

            while (n > 1) {
                n = (n + 1) / 2;
                a.add(on);
                b.add(2);
            }
            pw.println(a.size());
            for (int i = 0; i < a.size(); i++)
                pw.println(a.get(i) + " " + b.get(i));
        }

        pw.close();
    }

    static final Random random = new Random();

    static void ruffleSort(int[] a) {
        int n = a.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            int oi = random.nextInt(n), temp = a[oi];
            a[oi] = a[i];
            a[i] = temp;
        }
        ArrayList<Integer> lst = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i : a)
            lst.add(i);
        Collections.sort(lst);
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            a[i] = lst.get(i);
    }

    static class InputReader {
        BufferedReader br;
        StringTokenizer st;

        public InputReader() {
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        }

        String next() {
            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) {
                try {
                    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return st.nextToken();
        }

        int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }

        long nextLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }

        double nextDouble() {
            return Double.parseDouble(next());
        }

        int[] readArray(int n) {
            int[] a = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                a[i] = nextInt();
            return a;
        }

        int[][] read2dArray(int n, int m) {
            int[][] a = new int[n][m];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                for (int j = 0; j < m; j++)
                    a[i][j] = nextInt();
            return a;
        }

        String nextLine() {
            String str = "";
            try {
                str = br.readLine();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return str;
        }
    }
}