Problem: Leo Jr. draws pictures in his notebook with checkered sheets (that is, each sheet has a regular square grid printed on it). We can assume that the sheets are infinitely large in any direction.

To draw a picture, Leo Jr. colors some of the cells on a sheet gray. He considers the resulting picture beautiful if the following conditions are satisfied:

  * The picture is connected, that is, it is possible to get from any gray cell to any other by following a chain of gray cells, with each pair of adjacent cells in the path being neighbours (that is, sharing a side).
  * Each gray cell has an even number of gray neighbours.
  * There are exactly n gray cells with all gray neighbours. The number of other gray cells can be arbitrary (but reasonable, so that they can all be listed).



Leo Jr. is now struggling to draw a beautiful picture with a particular choice of n. Help him, and provide any example of a beautiful picture.

To output cell coordinates in your answer, assume that the sheet is provided with a Cartesian coordinate system such that one of the cells is chosen to be the origin (0, 0), axes 0x and 0y are orthogonal and parallel to grid lines, and a unit step along any axis in any direction takes you to a neighbouring cell.

Input

The only line contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 500) — the number of gray cells with all gray neighbours in a beautiful picture.

Output

In the first line, print a single integer k — the number of gray cells in your picture. For technical reasons, k should not exceed 5 ⋅ 10^5.

Each of the following k lines should contain two integers — coordinates of a gray cell in your picture. All listed cells should be distinct, and the picture should satisdfy all the properties listed above. All coordinates should not exceed 10^9 by absolute value.

One can show that there exists an answer satisfying all requirements with a small enough k.

Example

Input


4


Output


12
1 0
2 0
0 1
1 1
2 1
3 1
0 2
1 2
2 2
3 2
1 3
2 3

Note

The answer for the sample is pictured below:

<image>

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
//  package cp;
import java.io.*;
import java.math.*;
import java.util.*;
public class Cf_one {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {	
		PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
		Readers.init(System.in);
		int n=Readers.nextInt();
		int[][] a=new int[n+2][n+2];
		a[0][0]=1;
		a[0][1]=1;
		a[n+2-1][n+2-1]=1;
		a[n+2-1][n+2-2]=1;
//		System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(a));
//		int var=0;
		for (int i = 1; i <=n ; i++) {
			for (int j = i-1; j < i+2; j++) {
				a[i][j]=1;
//				System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(a));
			}
		}
//		System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(a));
		System.out.println(4+(n*3));
		for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
			for (int j = 0; j < a.length; j++) {
//				System.out.println(a[i][j]+"oh");
				if(a[i][j]==1)System.out.println(i+" "+j);
			}
		}
//		for (int i = 0; i < (n+2-1); i++) {
//			for (int j = 0; j < (n+2-1); j++) {
//				System.out.println("hello");
//				if(a[i][j]==1)System.out.println(i+" "+j);
//			}
//		}
		out.flush();
	}
	
}
class Readers {
 
    static BufferedReader reader;
 
    static StringTokenizer tokenizer;
 
 
 
    /** call this method to initialize reader for InputStream */
 
    static void init(InputStream input) {
 
        reader = new BufferedReader(
 
                     new InputStreamReader(input) );
 
        tokenizer = new StringTokenizer("");
 
    }
 
 
 
    /** get next word */
 
    static String next() throws IOException {
 
        while ( ! tokenizer.hasMoreTokens() ) {
 
            //TODO add check for eof if necessary
 
            tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(
 
                   reader.readLine() );
 
        }
 
        return tokenizer.nextToken();
 
    }
 
 
 
    static int nextInt() throws IOException {
 
        return Integer.parseInt( next() );
 
    }
 
	
 
    static double nextDouble() throws IOException {
 
        return Double.parseDouble( next() );
 
    }
    
    
    static long nextLong() throws IOException{
    	
		return Long.parseLong(next());
	}
 
}