Problem: Leo Jr. draws pictures in his notebook with checkered sheets (that is, each sheet has a regular square grid printed on it). We can assume that the sheets are infinitely large in any direction.

To draw a picture, Leo Jr. colors some of the cells on a sheet gray. He considers the resulting picture beautiful if the following conditions are satisfied:

  * The picture is connected, that is, it is possible to get from any gray cell to any other by following a chain of gray cells, with each pair of adjacent cells in the path being neighbours (that is, sharing a side).
  * Each gray cell has an even number of gray neighbours.
  * There are exactly n gray cells with all gray neighbours. The number of other gray cells can be arbitrary (but reasonable, so that they can all be listed).



Leo Jr. is now struggling to draw a beautiful picture with a particular choice of n. Help him, and provide any example of a beautiful picture.

To output cell coordinates in your answer, assume that the sheet is provided with a Cartesian coordinate system such that one of the cells is chosen to be the origin (0, 0), axes 0x and 0y are orthogonal and parallel to grid lines, and a unit step along any axis in any direction takes you to a neighbouring cell.

Input

The only line contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 500) — the number of gray cells with all gray neighbours in a beautiful picture.

Output

In the first line, print a single integer k — the number of gray cells in your picture. For technical reasons, k should not exceed 5 ⋅ 10^5.

Each of the following k lines should contain two integers — coordinates of a gray cell in your picture. All listed cells should be distinct, and the picture should satisdfy all the properties listed above. All coordinates should not exceed 10^9 by absolute value.

One can show that there exists an answer satisfying all requirements with a small enough k.

Example

Input


4


Output


12
1 0
2 0
0 1
1 1
2 1
3 1
0 2
1 2
2 2
3 2
1 3
2 3

Note

The answer for the sample is pictured below:

<image>

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.math.*;
public class Main{
	public static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter (new BufferedOutputStream(System.out));
	public static void main(String sp[])throws IOException{
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		//FastReader sc = new FastReader();
		int n = sc.nextInt();
		long total = (7*(1)) + ((n-1)*3);
		System.out.println(total);
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		ArrayList<pair> al = new ArrayList<>();
		int x = 0;
		int y = 0;
		al.add(new pair(x,y));
		al.add(new pair((x+1),(y)));
			
		al.add(new pair((x),(y+1)));
		al.add(new pair((x+1),(y+1)));
		al.add(new pair((x+2),(y+1)));
		
		al.add(new pair((x+1),(y+2)));
		al.add(new pair((x+2),(y+2)));
		
		x+=2;
		y+=2;
			
		for(int i=2;i<=n;i++){
			
			al.add(new pair((x+1),(y)));
			al.add(new pair((x),(y+1)));
			al.add(new pair((x+1),(y+1)));
			
			
			x +=1;
			y +=1;
		}
		int siz = al.size();
		for(int i=0;i<siz;i++){
			System.out.println(al.get(i).x+" "+al.get(i).y);
		}
		
		
	}
	
	
	public static ArrayList<Integer> primefactor(int n){
		int sqrt = (int)Math.sqrt(n);
		ArrayList<Integer> al = new ArrayList<>();
		while(n%2==0){
			al.add(2);
			n/=2;
		}
		for(int i=3;i<=sqrt;i+=2){
			while(n%i==0){
				al.add(i);
				n/=i;
			}
		}
		if(n>2)
			al.add(n);
		return al;
	}
	
	public static long sum(long val){
		long fg =0 ;
		while(val!=0){
			fg+=val%10;
			val/=10;
		}
		return fg;
	}
	
	
	
	public static ArrayList<Integer> factor(int n){
		int sqrt = (int)Math.sqrt(n);
		ArrayList<Integer> al = new ArrayList<>();
		for(int i=1;i<=sqrt;i++){
			if(n%i!=0)
				continue;
			int first = i;
			int second = n/i;
			al.add(i);
			if(first==second){
				continue;
			}
			al.add(n/i);
		}
		return al;
	}
	
	public static int power(int x, int y) 
	{ 
		int temp; 
		if( y == 0) 
			return 1; 
		temp = power(x, y/2); 
		if (y%2 == 0) 
			return temp*temp; 
		else
			return x*temp*temp; 
	} 
	
	public static ArrayList<Integer> comp(){
		ArrayList<Integer> al = new ArrayList<>();
			int n = (int)2e5;
			boolean arr[] = new boolean[n+1];
			int sqrt = (int)Math.sqrt(n);
			for(int i=2;i<=sqrt;i++){
				if(arr[i]==false){
					for(int j=i*i;j<=n;j+=i){
						arr[j]=true;
					}
				}
			}
			for(int i=2;i<=n;i++){
				if(arr[i]==false)
					al.add(i);
			}
			
		return al;
	}
	
	public static class pair{
		int x;
		int y;
		pair(int x, int y){
			this.x=x;
			this.y=y;
		}
	}
	
	public static class comp implements Comparator<pair>{
		public int compare(pair o1, pair o2){
			return o1.x-o2.x;
		}
	}
	
	
	
	
	static class Node{
		int node;
		int d;
		ArrayList<Integer> al = new ArrayList<>();	
	}
	

	static long gcd(long a, long b) 
    { 
      if (b == 0) 
        return a; 
      return gcd(b, a % b);  
    }
	
		
	static class FastReader 
	{ 
		final private int BUFFER_SIZE = 1 << 16; 
		private DataInputStream din; 
		private byte[] buffer; 
		private int bufferPointer, bytesRead; 
  
		public FastReader() 
		{ 
			din = new DataInputStream(System.in); 
			buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE]; 
			bufferPointer = bytesRead = 0; 
		} 
  
		public FastReader(String file_name) throws IOException 
		{ 
			din = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file_name)); 
			buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE]; 
			bufferPointer = bytesRead = 0; 
		} 
  
		public String readLine() throws IOException 
		{ 
			byte[] buf = new byte[64]; // line length 
			int cnt = 0, c; 
			while ((c = read()) != -1) 
			{ 
				if (c == '\n') 
					break; 
				buf[cnt++] = (byte) c; 
			} 
			return new String(buf, 0, cnt); 
		} 
  
		public int nextInt() throws IOException 
		{ 
			int ret = 0; 
			byte c = read(); 
			while (c <= ' ') 
				c = read(); 
			boolean neg = (c == '-'); 
			if (neg) 
				c = read(); 
			do
			{ 
				ret = ret * 10 + c - '0'; 
			}  while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9'); 
  
			if (neg) 
				return -ret; 
			return ret; 
		} 
  
		public long nextLong() throws IOException 
		{ 
			long ret = 0; 
			byte c = read(); 
			while (c <= ' ') 
				c = read(); 
			boolean neg = (c == '-'); 
			if (neg) 
				c = read(); 
			do { 
				ret = ret * 10 + c - '0'; 
			} 
			while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9'); 
			if (neg) 
				return -ret; 
			return ret; 
		} 
  
		public double nextDouble() throws IOException 
		{ 
			double ret = 0, div = 1; 
			byte c = read(); 
			while (c <= ' ') 
				c = read(); 
			boolean neg = (c == '-'); 
			if (neg) 
				c = read(); 
  
			do { 
				ret = ret * 10 + c - '0'; 
			} 
			while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9'); 
  
			if (c == '.') 
			{ 
				while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9') 
				{ 
					ret += (c - '0') / (div *= 10); 
				} 
			} 
  
			if (neg) 
				return -ret; 
			return ret; 
		} 
  
		private void fillBuffer() throws IOException 
		{ 
			bytesRead = din.read(buffer, bufferPointer = 0, BUFFER_SIZE); 
			if (bytesRead == -1) 
				buffer[0] = -1; 
		} 
  
		private byte read() throws IOException 
		{ 
			if (bufferPointer == bytesRead) 
				fillBuffer(); 
			return buffer[bufferPointer++]; 
		} 
  
		public void close() throws IOException 
		{ 
			if (din == null) 
				return; 
			din.close(); 
		} 
	} 
}