Problem: You have an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_n where a_i = i.

In one step, you can choose two indices x and y (x ≠ y) and set a_x = \left⌈ (a_x)/(a_y) \right⌉ (ceiling function).

Your goal is to make array a consist of n - 1 ones and 1 two in no more than n + 5 steps. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of steps.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases.

The first and only line of each test case contains the single integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the length of array a.

It's guaranteed that the sum of n over test cases doesn't exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print the sequence of operations that will make a as n - 1 ones and 1 two in the following format: firstly, print one integer m (m ≤ n + 5) — the number of operations; next print m pairs of integers x and y (1 ≤ x, y ≤ n; x ≠ y) (x may be greater or less than y) — the indices of the corresponding operation.

It can be proven that for the given constraints it's always possible to find a correct sequence of operations.

Example

Input


2
3
4


Output


2
3 2
3 2
3
3 4
4 2
4 2

Note

In the first test case, you have array a = [1, 2, 3]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ (a_3)/(a_2) \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 2]; 
  2. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1]. 

You've got array with 2 ones and 1 two in 2 steps.

In the second test case, a = [1, 2, 3, 4]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 4: a_3 = \left⌈ 3/4 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 4]; 
  2. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 4/2 \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 2]; 
  3. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 1]. 

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.TreeSet;

public class Solution{
	
	
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    	
		
    	FastScanner fs = new FastScanner();
    	PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
    		
    	int tt = fs.nextInt();
    	outer:
    	while(tt-->0) {
    		
    		
    		int n = fs.nextInt();
    		ArrayList<int[]> ans = new ArrayList<>();
    		
    		if(n<=15) {
    			out.println(n-3+get(n, 2));
    			for(int i=3;i<n;i++) {
    				out.println(i+" "+(i+1));
    			}
    			for(int i=0;i<get(n, 2);i++) {
    				out.println(n+" "+2);
    			}
    			continue outer;
    		}
    		
    		out.println(n+get(n, 15));
    		
    		for(int i=3;i<n;i++) {
    			if(i==15) continue;
    			out.println(i+" "+(i+1));
    		}
    		
    		for(int i=0;i<get(n, 15);i++) {
    			out.println(n+" "+15);
    		}
    		
    		for(int i=0;i<4;i++) {
    			out.println(15+" "+2);
    		}
    		
    		
    		
    		
    		
    		
    		
    		
    	}
    	
    	out.close();
    	
    }
    
    
    static int get(int a, int b) {
    	int ans = 0;
    	while(a>1) {
    		a = (a+b-1)/b;
    		ans++;
    	}
    	return ans;
    }
    
    
    
    static final Random random=new Random();
    
    static <T> void shuffle(T[] arr) {
    	int n = arr.length;
    	for(int i=0;i<n;i++	) {
    		int k = random.nextInt(n);
    		T temp = arr[k]; arr[k] = arr[i]; arr[i] = temp;
    	}
    }
    
    	
    static void ruffleSort(int[] a) {
    	int n=a.length;//shuffle, then sort 
    	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
    		int oi=random.nextInt(n); int temp=a[oi];
    		a[oi]=a[i]; a[i]=temp;
    	}
    	Arrays.sort(a);
    }
    
    static void ruffleSort(long[] a) {
    	int n=a.length;//shuffle, then sort 
    	for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
    		int oi=random.nextInt(n); long temp=a[oi];
    		a[oi]=a[i]; a[i]=temp;
    	}
    	Arrays.sort(a);
    }
   
  
    
    static void reverse(int[] arr, int l, int r) {
    	for(int i=l;i<l+(r-l)/2;i++){
    		int temp = arr[i]; arr[i] = arr[r-i+l-1]; arr[r-i+l-1] = temp;
    	}
    }
    
    static void reverse(long[] arr, int l, int r) {
    	for(int i=l;i<l+(r-l)/2;i++){
    		long temp = arr[i]; arr[i] = arr[r-i+l-1]; arr[r-i+l-1] = temp;
    	}
    }
    
    
    static <T> void reverse(T[] arr, int l, int r) {
    	for(int i=l;i<l+(r-l)/2;i++) {
    		T temp = arr[i]; arr[i] = arr[r-i+l-1]; arr[r-i+l-1] = temp;
    	}
    }
    	
    	
    static class FastScanner{
    	BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
    	StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer("");
     
    	public String next(){
    		while(!st.hasMoreElements()){
    			try{
    				st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
    			} catch(IOException e){
    				e.printStackTrace();
    			}
    		}
    		return st.nextToken();
    	}
    		
    	public String nextLine() throws IOException {
    		return br.readLine();
    	}
    		
    	public int nextInt(){
    		return Integer.parseInt(next());
    	}
     
    	public int[] readArray(int n){
    		int[] a = new int[n];
    		for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    			a[i] = nextInt();
    		return a;
    	}
    		
    	public long nextLong() {
    		return Long.parseLong(next());
    	}
    		
    	public char nextChar() {
    		return next().toCharArray()[0];
    	}
    }
   	
}