Problem: Leo Jr. draws pictures in his notebook with checkered sheets (that is, each sheet has a regular square grid printed on it). We can assume that the sheets are infinitely large in any direction.

To draw a picture, Leo Jr. colors some of the cells on a sheet gray. He considers the resulting picture beautiful if the following conditions are satisfied:

  * The picture is connected, that is, it is possible to get from any gray cell to any other by following a chain of gray cells, with each pair of adjacent cells in the path being neighbours (that is, sharing a side).
  * Each gray cell has an even number of gray neighbours.
  * There are exactly n gray cells with all gray neighbours. The number of other gray cells can be arbitrary (but reasonable, so that they can all be listed).



Leo Jr. is now struggling to draw a beautiful picture with a particular choice of n. Help him, and provide any example of a beautiful picture.

To output cell coordinates in your answer, assume that the sheet is provided with a Cartesian coordinate system such that one of the cells is chosen to be the origin (0, 0), axes 0x and 0y are orthogonal and parallel to grid lines, and a unit step along any axis in any direction takes you to a neighbouring cell.

Input

The only line contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 500) — the number of gray cells with all gray neighbours in a beautiful picture.

Output

In the first line, print a single integer k — the number of gray cells in your picture. For technical reasons, k should not exceed 5 ⋅ 10^5.

Each of the following k lines should contain two integers — coordinates of a gray cell in your picture. All listed cells should be distinct, and the picture should satisdfy all the properties listed above. All coordinates should not exceed 10^9 by absolute value.

One can show that there exists an answer satisfying all requirements with a small enough k.

Example

Input


4


Output


12
1 0
2 0
0 1
1 1
2 1
3 1
0 2
1 2
2 2
3 2
1 3
2 3

Note

The answer for the sample is pictured below:

<image>

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;

/**
 * @author Mubtasim Shahriar
 */

public class EvenPicture {


	public static void main(String[] args) {

		InputStream inputStream = System.in;
		OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
		InputReader sc = new InputReader(inputStream);
		PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
		Solver solver = new Solver();
//		int t = sc.nextInt();
		int t = 1;
		while(t--!=0) {
			solver.solve(sc, out);
		}		
		out.close();

	}

	static class Solver {
		public void solve(InputReader sc, PrintWriter out) {
			int n = sc.nextInt();
			ArrayList<Node> al = new ArrayList();
			al.add(new Node(0,0));
			al.add(new Node(1,0));
			al.add(new Node(0,1));
			al.add(new Node(1,1));
//			al.add(new Node(2,1));
//			al.add(new Node(1,2));
//			al.add(new Node(2,2));
			for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
				add(al);
			}
			out.println(al.size());
			for(Node nd : al) {
				out.println(nd.x + " " + nd.y);
			}
		}

		private void add(ArrayList<Node> al) {
			Node tmp = al.get(al.size()-1);
			Node up = new Node(tmp.x,tmp.y+1);
			Node rt = new Node(tmp.x+1,tmp.y);
			Node cr = new Node(tmp.x+1,tmp.y+1);
			al.add(up);
			al.add(rt);
			al.add(cr);
		}
	}
	static class Node {
		long x,y;
		Node(long x, long y) {
			this.x=x;
			this.y=y;
		}
	}

	static class InputReader { 
		private boolean finished = false;

		private InputStream stream;
		private byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
		private int curChar;
		private int numChars;
		private SpaceCharFilter filter;

		public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
			this.stream = stream;
		}

		public int read() {
			if (numChars == -1) {
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			}
			if (curChar >= numChars) {
				curChar = 0;
				try {
					numChars = stream.read(buf);
				} catch (IOException e) {
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				}
				if (numChars <= 0) {
					return -1;
				}
			}
			return buf[curChar++];
		}

		public int peek() {
			if (numChars == -1) {
				return -1;
			}
			if (curChar >= numChars) {
				curChar = 0;
				try {
					numChars = stream.read(buf);
				} catch (IOException e) {
					return -1;
				}
				if (numChars <= 0) {
					return -1;
				}
			}
			return buf[curChar];
		}

		public int nextInt() {
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
				c = read();
			}
			int sgn = 1;
			if (c == '-') {
				sgn = -1;
				c = read();
			}
			int res = 0;
			do {
				if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				}
				res *= 10;
				res += c - '0';
				c = read();
			} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
			return res * sgn;
		}

		public long nextLong() {
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
				c = read();
			}
			int sgn = 1;
			if (c == '-') {
				sgn = -1;
				c = read();
			}
			long res = 0;
			do {
				if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				}
				res *= 10;
				res += c - '0';
				c = read();
			} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
			return res * sgn;
		}

		public String nextString() {
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
				c = read();
			}
			StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
			do {
				if (Character.isValidCodePoint(c)) {
					res.appendCodePoint(c);
				}
				c = read();
			} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
			return res.toString();
		}

		public boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
			if (filter != null) {
				return filter.isSpaceChar(c);
			}
			return isWhitespace(c);
		}

		public static boolean isWhitespace(int c) {
			return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
		}

		private String readLine0() {
			StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
			int c = read();
			while (c != '\n' && c != -1) {
				if (c != '\r') {
					buf.appendCodePoint(c);
				}
				c = read();
			}
			return buf.toString();
		}

		public String readLine() {
			String s = readLine0();
			while (s.trim().length() == 0) {
				s = readLine0();
			}
			return s;
		}

		public String readLine(boolean ignoreEmptyLines) {
			if (ignoreEmptyLines) {
				return readLine();
			} else {
				return readLine0();
			}
		}

		public BigInteger readBigInteger() {
			try {
				return new BigInteger(nextString());
			} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			}
		}

		public char nextCharacter() {
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
				c = read();
			}
			return (char) c;
		}

		public double nextDouble() {
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
				c = read();
			}
			int sgn = 1;
			if (c == '-') {
				sgn = -1;
				c = read();
			}
			double res = 0;
			while (!isSpaceChar(c) && c != '.') {
				if (c == 'e' || c == 'E') {
					return res * Math.pow(10, nextInt());
				}
				if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				}
				res *= 10;
				res += c - '0';
				c = read();
			}
			if (c == '.') {
				c = read();
				double m = 1;
				while (!isSpaceChar(c)) {
					if (c == 'e' || c == 'E') {
						return res * Math.pow(10, nextInt());
					}
					if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
						throw new InputMismatchException();
					}
					m /= 10;
					res += (c - '0') * m;
					c = read();
				}
			}
			return res * sgn;
		}

		public boolean isExhausted() {
			int value;
			while (isSpaceChar(value = peek()) && value != -1) {
				read();
			}
			return value == -1;
		}

		public String next() {
			return nextString();
		}

		public SpaceCharFilter getFilter() {
			return filter;
		}

		public void setFilter(SpaceCharFilter filter) {
			this.filter = filter;
		}

		public interface SpaceCharFilter {
			public boolean isSpaceChar(int ch);
		}
		public int[] nextIntArray(int n){
			int[] array=new int[n];
			for(int i=0;i<n;++i)array[i]=nextInt();
			return array;
		}
		public int[] nextSortedIntArray(int n){
			int array[]=nextIntArray(n);
			Arrays.sort(array);
			return array;
		}
		public int[] nextSumIntArray(int n){
			int[] array=new int[n];
			array[0]=nextInt();
			for(int i=1;i<n;++i)array[i]=array[i-1]+nextInt();
			return array;
		}
		public long[] nextLongArray(int n){
			long[] array=new long[n];
			for(int i=0;i<n;++i)array[i]=nextLong();
			return array;
		}
		public long[] nextSumLongArray(int n){
			long[] array=new long[n];
			array[0]=nextInt();
			for(int i=1;i<n;++i)array[i]=array[i-1]+nextInt();
			return array;
		}
		public long[] nextSortedLongArray(int n){
			long array[]=nextLongArray(n);
			Arrays.sort(array);
			return array;
		}
	}


}