Problem: You have an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_n where a_i = i.

In one step, you can choose two indices x and y (x ≠ y) and set a_x = \left⌈ (a_x)/(a_y) \right⌉ (ceiling function).

Your goal is to make array a consist of n - 1 ones and 1 two in no more than n + 5 steps. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of steps.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases.

The first and only line of each test case contains the single integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the length of array a.

It's guaranteed that the sum of n over test cases doesn't exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, print the sequence of operations that will make a as n - 1 ones and 1 two in the following format: firstly, print one integer m (m ≤ n + 5) — the number of operations; next print m pairs of integers x and y (1 ≤ x, y ≤ n; x ≠ y) (x may be greater or less than y) — the indices of the corresponding operation.

It can be proven that for the given constraints it's always possible to find a correct sequence of operations.

Example

Input


2
3
4


Output


2
3 2
3 2
3
3 4
4 2
4 2

Note

In the first test case, you have array a = [1, 2, 3]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ (a_3)/(a_2) \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 2]; 
  2. choose 3, 2: a_3 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1]. 

You've got array with 2 ones and 1 two in 2 steps.

In the second test case, a = [1, 2, 3, 4]. For example, you can do the following: 

  1. choose 3, 4: a_3 = \left⌈ 3/4 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 4]; 
  2. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 4/2 \right⌉ = 2 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 2]; 
  3. choose 4, 2: a_4 = \left⌈ 2/2 \right⌉ = 1 and array a = [1, 2, 1, 1]. 

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class Codeforces
{
    public static void main(String args[])throws Exception
    {
        BufferedReader bu=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder();
        int t=Integer.parseInt(bu.readLine());
        while(t-->0)
        {
            int n=Integer.parseInt(bu.readLine()),i;
            ArrayList<Integer> m=new ArrayList<>();
            if(n<=32)
            {
                for(i=3;i<n;i++)
                {
                    m.add(i); m.add(n);
                }
                int cn=n;
                while(cn>1)
                {
                    m.add(n); m.add(2);
                    cn=cn/2+cn%2;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                for(i=3;i<32;i++)
                {
                    m.add(i); m.add(n);
                }
                for(i=33;i<n;i++)
                {
                    m.add(i); m.add(n);
                }
                int cn=n;
                while(cn>1)
                {
                    m.add(n); m.add(32);
                    cn=cn/32+(cn%32==0?0:1);
                }
                for(i=0;i<5;i++)
                {
                    m.add(32); m.add(2);
                }
            }

            sb.append(m.size()/2+"\n");
            for(i=0;i<m.size();i+=2)
            sb.append(m.get(i)+" "+m.get(i+1)+"\n");
        }
        System.out.print(sb);
    }
}