Problem: This is an interactive problem.

Omkar has just come across a duck! The duck is walking on a grid with n rows and n columns (2 ≤ n ≤ 25) so that the grid contains a total of n^2 cells. Let's denote by (x, y) the cell in the x-th row from the top and the y-th column from the left. Right now, the duck is at the cell (1, 1) (the cell in the top left corner) and would like to reach the cell (n, n) (the cell in the bottom right corner) by moving either down 1 cell or to the right 1 cell each second.

Since Omkar thinks ducks are fun, he wants to play a game with you based on the movement of the duck. First, for each cell (x, y) in the grid, you will tell Omkar a nonnegative integer a_{x,y} not exceeding 10^{16}, and Omkar will then put a_{x,y} uninteresting problems in the cell (x, y). After that, the duck will start their journey from (1, 1) to (n, n). For each cell (x, y) that the duck crosses during their journey (including the cells (1, 1) and (n, n)), the duck will eat the a_{x,y} uninteresting problems in that cell. Once the duck has completed their journey, Omkar will measure their mass to determine the total number k of uninteresting problems that the duck ate on their journey, and then tell you k.

Your challenge, given k, is to exactly reproduce the duck's path, i. e. to tell Omkar precisely which cells the duck crossed on their journey. To be sure of your mastery of this game, Omkar will have the duck complete q different journeys (1 ≤ q ≤ 10^3). Note that all journeys are independent: at the beginning of each journey, the cell (x, y) will still contain a_{x,y} uninteresting tasks.

Interaction

The interaction will begin with a line containing a single integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 25), the amount of rows and columns in the grid. Read it.

Your program should then print n lines. The x-th line should contain n integers a_{x,1}, a_{x,2}, ..., a_{x,n} satisfying 0 ≤ a_{x,y} ≤ 10^{16}, where a_{x,y} is the amount of uninteresting problems Omkar should place in the cell (x, y).

After that, you will first receive a single integer q, the amount of journeys that the duck will take. q queries will follow; each query will consist of a single line containing an integer k, the amount of uninteresting problems that the duck ate on that journey. After each query, given that you have determined that the duck visited the cells (x_1, y_1), (x_2, y_2), ..., (x_{2n - 1}, y_{2n - 1}) in that order (it should always be true that (x_1, y_1) = (1, 1) and (x_{2n - 1}, y_{2n - 1}) = (n, n)), you should output 2n - 1 lines so that the j-th line contains the two integers x_j, y_j.

Bear in mind that if the sum on your path is k, but your path is different from the actual hidden path, then your solution is still wrong!

After printing each line do not forget to output end of line and flush the output. Otherwise, you will get Idleness limit exceeded. To do this, use:

  * fflush(stdout) or cout.flush() in C++;
  * System.out.flush() in Java;
  * flush(output) in Pascal;
  * stdout.flush() in Python;
  * see documentation for other languages.



Hack Format

To hack, first output a line containing n and another line containing q. It must be true that 2 ≤ n ≤ 25 and 1 ≤ q ≤ 1000. Then, output the q journeys taken by the duck in the same format as described above: for each journey, given that the duck visited the cells (x_1, y_1), (x_2, y_2), ..., (x_{2n - 1}, y_{2n - 1}) in that order, you should output 2n - 1 lines so that the j-th line contains the two integers x_j, y_j. It must be true that (x_1, y_1) = (1, 1) and (x_{2n - 1}, y_{2n - 1}) = (n, n). Additionally, for each j such that 2 ≤ j ≤ 2n - 1, it must be true that 1 ≤ x_j, y_j ≤ n and either (x_j, y_j) = (x_{j - 1} + 1, y_{j - 1}) or (x_j, y_j) = (x_{j - 1}, y_{j - 1} + 1).

Example

Input


4




3
23







26







27









Output


1 2 3 6
4 6 2 10
9 0 7 3
2 8 8 2


1 1
1 2
1 3
2 3
2 4
3 4
4 4

1 1
2 1
3 1
3 2
3 3
3 4
4 4

1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
2 4
3 4
4 4

Note

The duck's three journeys are illustrated below.

1 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 10 + 3 + 2 = 23 

<image>

1 + 4 + 9 + 0 + 7 + 3 + 2 = 26 

<image>

1 + 2 + 3 + 6 + 10 + 3 + 2 = 27 

<image>

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.math.*;
import java.math.BigInteger;


public final class A
{    
	static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out); 
	static StringBuilder ans=new StringBuilder();
	static FastReader in=new FastReader();
	static ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> g;
	static long mod=(long)1e9+7,INF=Long.MAX_VALUE;
	static boolean set[],col[]; 
	static int par[],tot[],partial[];
	static int D[],P[][];
	static long dp[][],max=0;
	static long seg[];
	//static pair moves[]= {new pair(-1,0),new pair(1,0), new pair(0,-1), new pair(0,1)};
	public static void main(String args[])throws IOException
	{				

		int N=i();
		long A[][]=new long[N+1][N+1];
		int x=1;
		for(int i=1; i<=N; i++)
		{
			long p=1L<<(x*2+1);
			for(int j=1; j<=N; j++)
			{
				if(i%2!=0)
				{
					A[i][j]=0;
				}
				else
				{
					A[i][j]=p;
					p<<=1;
				}	
				ans.append(A[i][j]+" ");
			}
			if(i%2==0)x++;
			ans.append("\n");
		}
		System.out.println(ans);
		
		int Q=i();
		while(Q-->0)
		{
			ans=new StringBuilder();
			long sum=l();
			int i=1,j=1;
			ans.append(i+" "+j+"\n");
			while(i!=N || j!=N)
			{
//				System.out.println(i+" "+j+"\n");
				if(i+1<=N && j+1<=N)
				{
					if(i%2==0)
					{
						//this means right me value and neeche 0
						if((sum&A[i][j+1])!=0)
						{
							j+=1;
						}
						else i+=1;
						ans.append(i+" "+j+"\n");
					}
					else
					{
						if((sum&A[i+1][j])!=0)
						{
							i+=1;
						}
						else j+=1;
						ans.append(i+" "+j+"\n");
					}
				}
				if(i==N)
				{
					while(j<N) 
					{
						j++;
						ans.append(i+" "+j+"\n");
					}
				}
				if(j==N)
				{
					while(i<N) 
					{
						i++;
						ans.append(i+" "+j+"\n");
					}
				}
			}
			System.out.println(ans);
		}		
		out.close();
	}
	static long f1(long a,long A[],long bits[],long sum)
	{
		long s=A.length;
		s=mul(s,a);
		s=(s+(sum%mod))%mod;
		long p=1L;
		for(long x:bits)
		{
			if((a&p)!=0)s=((s-mul(x,p))+mod)%mod;
			p<<=1;
		}
		return s;
	}
	static long f2(long a,long A[],long bits[])
	{
		long s=0;
		long p=1L;
		for(long x:bits)
		{
			if((a&p)!=0)
			{
				s=(s+mul(p,x))%mod;
			}
			p<<=1;
		}
		return s;
	}
	static long f(long x1,long y1,long x2,long y2)
	{
		return Math.abs(x1-x2)+Math.abs(y1-y2);
	}
	static long f(long x,long max,long s)
	{
		long l=-1,r=(x/s)+1;
		while(r-l>1)
		{
			long m=(l+r)/2;
			if(x-m*s>max)l=m;
			else r=m;
		}
		return l+1;
	}
	static int f(long A[],long x)
	{
		int l=-1,r=A.length;
		while(r-l>1)
		{
			int m=(l+r)/2;
			if(A[m]>=x)r=m;
			else l=m;			
		}
		return r;
	}
	static void build(int v,int tl,int tr,long A[])
	{
		if(tl==tr)
		{
			seg[v]=A[tl];
			return;
		}
		int tm=(tl+tr)/2;
		build(v*2,tl,tm,A);
		build(v*2+1,tm+1,tr,A);
		seg[v]=GCD(seg[v*2],seg[v*2+1]);
	}
	static long ask(int v,int tl,int tr,int l,int r)
	{
		if(tl==l && tr==r)return seg[v];
		int tm=(tl+tr)/2;
		if(r<=tm)
		{
			return ask(v*2,tl,tm,l,r);
		}
		else if(l>tm)
		{
			return ask(v*2+1,tm+1,tr,l,r);
		}
		else
		{
			return GCD(ask(v*2,tl,tm,l,tm),ask(v*2+1,tm+1,tr,tm+1,r));
		}
	}

	static int bin(int x,ArrayList<Integer> A)
	{
		int l=0,r=A.size()-1;
		while(l<=r)
		{
			int m=(l+r)/2;
			int a=A.get(m);
			if(a==x)return m;
			if(a<x)l=m+1;
			else r=m-1;
		}
		return 0;
	}
	static int left(int x,ArrayList<Integer> A)
	{
		int l=-1,r=A.size();
		while(r-l>1)
		{
			int m=(l+r)/2;
			int a=A.get(m);
			if(a<=x)l=m;
			else r=m;
		}
		return l;
	}
	static int right(int x,ArrayList<Integer> A)
	{
		int l=-1,r=A.size();
		while(r-l>1)
		{
			int m=(l+r)/2;
			int a=A.get(m);
			if(a<x)l=m;
			else r=m;
		}
		return r;
	}



	static boolean equal(long A[],long B[])
	{
		for(int i=0; i<A.length; i++)if(A[i]!=B[i])return false;
		return true;	
	}


	static int max(int a ,int b,int c,int d)
	{
		a=Math.max(a, b);
		c=Math.max(c,d);
		return Math.max(a, c);
	}
	static int min(int a ,int b,int c,int d)
	{
		a=Math.min(a, b);
		c=Math.min(c,d);
		return Math.min(a, c);
	}



	static HashMap<Integer,Integer> Hash(int A[])
	{
		HashMap<Integer,Integer> mp=new HashMap<>();
		for(int a:A)
		{
			int f=mp.getOrDefault(a,0)+1;
			mp.put(a, f);
		}
		return mp;
	}
	static long mul(long a, long b)
	{
		return ( a %mod * 1L * b%mod )%mod;
	}
	static void swap(int A[],int a,int b)
	{
		int t=A[a];
		A[a]=A[b];
		A[b]=t;
	}


	static int find(int a)
	{
		if(par[a]<0)return a;
		return par[a]=find(par[a]);
	}
	static void union(int a,int b)
	{
		a=find(a);
		b=find(b);
		if(a!=b)
		{
			par[a]+=par[b];
			par[b]=a;
		}
	}
	static boolean isSorted(int A[])
	{
		for(int i=1; i<A.length; i++)
		{
			if(A[i]<A[i-1])return false;
		}
		return true;
	}

	static boolean isDivisible(StringBuilder X,int i,long num)
	{
		long r=0;
		for(; i<X.length(); i++)
		{
			r=r*10+(X.charAt(i)-'0');
			r=r%num;
		}
		return r==0;
	}    



	static int lower_Bound(int A[],int low,int high, int x) 
	{ 
		if (low > high) 
			if (x >= A[high]) 
				return A[high]; 

		int mid = (low + high) / 2; 

		if (A[mid] == x) 
			return A[mid]; 

		if (mid > 0 && A[mid - 1] <= x && x < A[mid]) 
			return A[mid - 1]; 

		if (x < A[mid]) 
			return lower_Bound( A, low, mid - 1, x); 

		return lower_Bound(A, mid + 1, high, x); 
	} 

	static String f(String A)
	{
		String X="";
		for(int i=A.length()-1; i>=0; i--)
		{
			int c=A.charAt(i)-'0';
			X+=(c+1)%2;
		}
		return X;
	}

	static void sort(long[] a) //check for long
	{
		ArrayList<Long> l=new ArrayList<>();
		for (long i:a) l.add(i);
		Collections.sort(l);
		for (int i=0; i<a.length; i++) a[i]=l.get(i);
	}

	static String swap(String X,int i,int j)
	{
		char ch[]=X.toCharArray();
		char a=ch[i];
		ch[i]=ch[j];
		ch[j]=a;
		return new String(ch);
	}

	static int sD(long n)  
	{  

		if (n % 2 == 0 )  
			return 2;  

		for (int i = 3; i * i <= n; i += 2) {  
			if (n % i == 0 )  
				return i;  
		}  

		return (int)n;  
	}  

	static void setGraph(int N)
	{
		tot=new int[N+1];
		partial=new int[N+1];
		D=new int[N+1];
		P=new int[N+1][(int)(Math.log(N)+10)];
		set=new boolean[N+1];
		g=new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
		for(int i=0; i<=N; i++)
		{

			g.add(new ArrayList<>());		
			D[i]=0;
			//D2[i]=INF;
		}
	}



	static  long pow(long a,long b)
	{
		//long mod=1000000007;
		long pow=1;
		long x=a;
		while(b!=0)
		{
			if((b&1)!=0)pow=(pow*x)%mod;
			x=(x*x)%mod;
			b/=2;
		}
		return pow;
	}

	static long toggleBits(long x)//one's complement || Toggle bits
	{
		int n=(int)(Math.floor(Math.log(x)/Math.log(2)))+1;

		return ((1<<n)-1)^x;
	}

	static int countBits(long a)
	{
		return (int)(Math.log(a)/Math.log(2)+1);
	}

	static long fact(long N)
	{ 
		long n=2; 
		if(N<=1)return 1;
		else
		{
			for(int i=3; i<=N; i++)n=(n*i)%mod;
		}
		return n;
	}

	static int kadane(int A[])
	{
		int lsum=A[0],gsum=A[0];
		for(int i=1; i<A.length; i++)
		{
			lsum=Math.max(lsum+A[i],A[i]);
			gsum=Math.max(gsum,lsum);
		}
		return gsum;
	}

	static void sort(int[] a) {
		ArrayList<Integer> l=new ArrayList<>();
		for (int i:a) l.add(i);
		Collections.sort(l);
		for (int i=0; i<a.length; i++) a[i]=l.get(i);
	}

	static boolean isPrime(long N)
	{
		if (N<=1)  return false; 
		if (N<=3)  return true; 
		if (N%2 == 0 || N%3 == 0) return false; 
		for (int i=5; i*i<=N; i=i+6) 
			if (N%i == 0 || N%(i+2) == 0) 
				return false; 
		return true; 
	}
	static void print(char A[])
	{
		for(char c:A)System.out.print(c+" ");
		System.out.println();
	}
	static void print(boolean A[])
	{
		for(boolean c:A)System.out.print(c+" ");
		System.out.println();
	}
	static void print(int A[])
	{
		for(int a:A)System.out.print(a+" ");
		System.out.println();	
	}
	static void print(long A[])
	{
		for(long i:A)System.out.print(i+ " ");
		System.out.println();

	}
	static void print(ArrayList<Integer> A)
	{
		for(int a:A)System.out.print(a+" ");
		System.out.println();
	}

	static int i()
	{
		return in.nextInt();
	}

	static long l()
	{
		return in.nextLong();
	}

	static int[] input(int N){
		int A[]=new int[N];
		for(int i=0; i<N; i++)
		{
			A[i]=in.nextInt();
		}
		return A;
	}

	static long[] inputLong(int N)     {
		long A[]=new long[N];
		for(int i=0; i<A.length; i++)A[i]=in.nextLong();
		return A;
	}

	static long GCD(long a,long b) 
	{
		if(b==0)
		{
			return a;
		}
		else return GCD(b,a%b );
	}

}
class comb 
{
	int power,count;
	comb(int p,int c)
	{
		this.count=c;
		this.power=p;
	}
}


//Code For FastReader
//Code For FastReader
//Code For FastReader
//Code For FastReader
class FastReader
{
	BufferedReader br;
	StringTokenizer st;
	public FastReader()
	{
		br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
	}

	String next()
	{
		while(st==null || !st.hasMoreElements())
		{
			try
			{
				st=new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
			}
			catch(IOException e)
			{
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		return st.nextToken();
	}

	int nextInt()
	{
		return Integer.parseInt(next());
	}

	long nextLong()
	{
		return Long.parseLong(next());
	}

	double nextDouble()
	{
		return Double.parseDouble(next());
	}

	String nextLine()
	{
		String str="";
		try
		{
			str=br.readLine();
		}
		catch (IOException e)
		{
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return str;
	}

}