Problem: This is an interactive problem.

Omkar has just come across a duck! The duck is walking on a grid with n rows and n columns (2 ≤ n ≤ 25) so that the grid contains a total of n^2 cells. Let's denote by (x, y) the cell in the x-th row from the top and the y-th column from the left. Right now, the duck is at the cell (1, 1) (the cell in the top left corner) and would like to reach the cell (n, n) (the cell in the bottom right corner) by moving either down 1 cell or to the right 1 cell each second.

Since Omkar thinks ducks are fun, he wants to play a game with you based on the movement of the duck. First, for each cell (x, y) in the grid, you will tell Omkar a nonnegative integer a_{x,y} not exceeding 10^{16}, and Omkar will then put a_{x,y} uninteresting problems in the cell (x, y). After that, the duck will start their journey from (1, 1) to (n, n). For each cell (x, y) that the duck crosses during their journey (including the cells (1, 1) and (n, n)), the duck will eat the a_{x,y} uninteresting problems in that cell. Once the duck has completed their journey, Omkar will measure their mass to determine the total number k of uninteresting problems that the duck ate on their journey, and then tell you k.

Your challenge, given k, is to exactly reproduce the duck's path, i. e. to tell Omkar precisely which cells the duck crossed on their journey. To be sure of your mastery of this game, Omkar will have the duck complete q different journeys (1 ≤ q ≤ 10^3). Note that all journeys are independent: at the beginning of each journey, the cell (x, y) will still contain a_{x,y} uninteresting tasks.

Interaction

The interaction will begin with a line containing a single integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 25), the amount of rows and columns in the grid. Read it.

Your program should then print n lines. The x-th line should contain n integers a_{x,1}, a_{x,2}, ..., a_{x,n} satisfying 0 ≤ a_{x,y} ≤ 10^{16}, where a_{x,y} is the amount of uninteresting problems Omkar should place in the cell (x, y).

After that, you will first receive a single integer q, the amount of journeys that the duck will take. q queries will follow; each query will consist of a single line containing an integer k, the amount of uninteresting problems that the duck ate on that journey. After each query, given that you have determined that the duck visited the cells (x_1, y_1), (x_2, y_2), ..., (x_{2n - 1}, y_{2n - 1}) in that order (it should always be true that (x_1, y_1) = (1, 1) and (x_{2n - 1}, y_{2n - 1}) = (n, n)), you should output 2n - 1 lines so that the j-th line contains the two integers x_j, y_j.

Bear in mind that if the sum on your path is k, but your path is different from the actual hidden path, then your solution is still wrong!

After printing each line do not forget to output end of line and flush the output. Otherwise, you will get Idleness limit exceeded. To do this, use:

  * fflush(stdout) or cout.flush() in C++;
  * System.out.flush() in Java;
  * flush(output) in Pascal;
  * stdout.flush() in Python;
  * see documentation for other languages.



Hack Format

To hack, first output a line containing n and another line containing q. It must be true that 2 ≤ n ≤ 25 and 1 ≤ q ≤ 1000. Then, output the q journeys taken by the duck in the same format as described above: for each journey, given that the duck visited the cells (x_1, y_1), (x_2, y_2), ..., (x_{2n - 1}, y_{2n - 1}) in that order, you should output 2n - 1 lines so that the j-th line contains the two integers x_j, y_j. It must be true that (x_1, y_1) = (1, 1) and (x_{2n - 1}, y_{2n - 1}) = (n, n). Additionally, for each j such that 2 ≤ j ≤ 2n - 1, it must be true that 1 ≤ x_j, y_j ≤ n and either (x_j, y_j) = (x_{j - 1} + 1, y_{j - 1}) or (x_j, y_j) = (x_{j - 1}, y_{j - 1} + 1).

Example

Input


4




3
23







26







27









Output


1 2 3 6
4 6 2 10
9 0 7 3
2 8 8 2


1 1
1 2
1 3
2 3
2 4
3 4
4 4

1 1
2 1
3 1
3 2
3 3
3 4
4 4

1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
2 4
3 4
4 4

Note

The duck's three journeys are illustrated below.

1 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 10 + 3 + 2 = 23 

<image>

1 + 4 + 9 + 0 + 7 + 3 + 2 = 26 

<image>

1 + 2 + 3 + 6 + 10 + 3 + 2 = 27 

<image>

Solution (in CPP):

Solution:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using vi = vector<int>;
using vvi = vector<vi>;
using vll = vector<ll>;
using vvll = vector<vll>;
using vb = vector<bool>;
using vd = vector<double>;
using vs = vector<string>;
using pii = pair<int, int>;
using pll = pair<ll, ll>;
using pdd = pair<double, double>;
using vpii = vector<pii>;
using vpll = vector<pll>;
using vpdd = vector<pdd>;
template <typename T>
void ckmin(T& a, const T& b) {
  a = min(a, b);
}
template <typename T>
void ckmax(T& a, const T& b) {
  a = max(a, b);
}
mt19937_64 rng(chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
namespace __input {
template <class T1, class T2>
void re(pair<T1, T2>& p);
template <class T>
void re(vector<T>& a);
template <class T, size_t SZ>
void re(array<T, SZ>& a);
template <class T>
void re(T& x) {
  cin >> x;
}
void re(double& x) {
  string t;
  re(t);
  x = stod(t);
}
template <class Arg, class... Args>
void re(Arg& first, Args&... rest) {
  re(first);
  re(rest...);
}
template <class T1, class T2>
void re(pair<T1, T2>& p) {
  re(p.first, p.second);
}
template <class T>
void re(vector<T>& a) {
  for (int i = 0; i < (int((a).size())); i++) re(a[i]);
}
template <class T, size_t SZ>
void re(array<T, SZ>& a) {
  for (int i = 0; i < (SZ); i++) re(a[i]);
}
}  // namespace __input
using namespace __input;
namespace __output {
template <class T1, class T2>
void pr(const pair<T1, T2>& x);
template <class T, size_t SZ>
void pr(const array<T, SZ>& x);
template <class T>
void pr(const vector<T>& x);
template <class T>
void pr(const set<T>& x);
template <class T1, class T2>
void pr(const map<T1, T2>& x);
template <class T>
void pr(const T& x) {
  cout << x;
}
template <class Arg, class... Args>
void pr(const Arg& first, const Args&... rest) {
  pr(first);
  pr(rest...);
}
template <class T1, class T2>
void pr(const pair<T1, T2>& x) {
  pr("{", x.first, ", ", x.second, "}");
}
template <class T, bool pretty = true>
void prContain(const T& x) {
  if (pretty) pr("{");
  bool fst = 1;
  for (const auto& a : x) pr(!fst ? pretty ? ", " : " " : "", a), fst = 0;
  if (pretty) pr("}");
}
template <class T>
void pc(const T& x) {
  prContain<T, false>(x);
  pr("\n");
}
template <class T, size_t SZ>
void pr(const array<T, SZ>& x) {
  prContain(x);
}
template <class T>
void pr(const vector<T>& x) {
  prContain(x);
}
template <class T>
void pr(const set<T>& x) {
  prContain(x);
}
template <class T1, class T2>
void pr(const map<T1, T2>& x) {
  prContain(x);
}
void ps() { pr("\n"); }
template <class Arg>
void ps(const Arg& first) {
  pr(first);
  ps();
}
template <class Arg, class... Args>
void ps(const Arg& first, const Args&... rest) {
  pr(first, " ");
  ps(rest...);
}
}  // namespace __output
using namespace __output;
namespace __algorithm {
template <typename T>
void dedup(vector<T>& v) {
  sort((v).begin(), (v).end());
  v.erase(unique((v).begin(), (v).end()), v.end());
}
template <typename T>
typename vector<T>::const_iterator find(const vector<T>& v, const T& x) {
  auto it = lower_bound((v).begin(), (v).end(), x);
  return it != v.end() && *it == x ? it : v.end();
}
template <typename T>
size_t index(const vector<T>& v, const T& x) {
  auto it = find(v, x);
  assert(it != v.end() && *it == x);
  return it - v.begin();
}
template <typename T1, typename T2>
typename vector<pair<T1, T2>>::iterator lower_bound(
    const vector<pair<T1, T2>>& v, const T1& x) {
  return lower_bound(
      (v).begin(), (v).end(), x,
      [](pair<T1, T2> a, pair<T1, T2> b) { return a.first < b.first; });
}
template <typename T1, typename T2>
typename vector<pair<T1, T2>>::iterator upper_bound(
    const vector<pair<T1, T2>>& v, const T1& x) {
  return upper_bound(
      (v).begin(), (v).end(), x,
      [](pair<T1, T2> a, pair<T1, T2> b) { return a.first < b.first; });
}
}  // namespace __algorithm
using namespace __algorithm;
struct __monostate {
  friend istream& operator>>(istream& is,
                             const __attribute__((unused)) __monostate& ms) {
    return is;
  }
  friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os,
                             const __attribute__((unused)) __monostate& ms) {
    return os;
  }
} ms;
namespace __io {
void setIn(string second) { freopen(second.c_str(), "r", stdin); }
void setOut(string second) { freopen(second.c_str(), "w", stdout); }
void setIO(string second = "") {
  ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0);
  cin.tie(0);
  cout << setprecision(15);
  if (int((second).size())) {
    setIn(second + ".in"), setOut(second + ".out");
  }
}
}  // namespace __io
using namespace __io;
int main() {
  setIO();
  int N;
  re(N);
  vvll grid(N, vll(N));
  for (int i = 0; i < (N); i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < (N); j++) {
      if ((j & 1)) grid[i][j] = 1ll << (i + j);
    }
  }
  for (auto& row : grid) pc(row);
  cout << flush;
  int Q;
  re(Q);
  for (int q = 0; q < (Q); q++) {
    ll sum;
    re(sum);
    vpii path = {{0, 0}};
    for (int i = 0; i < (2 * N - 2); i++) {
      auto [r, c] = path.back();
      bool has_next = (sum >> (r + c + 1)) & 1;
      if (has_next != (c & 1))
        c++;
      else
        r++;
      path.emplace_back(r, c);
    }
    for (auto& e : path) ps(e.first + 1, e.second + 1);
    cout << flush;
  }
  return 0;
}