Problem: Let's call an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_m of nonnegative integer numbers good if a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_m = 2⋅(a_1 ⊕ a_2 ⊕ ... ⊕ a_m), where ⊕ denotes the [bitwise XOR operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#XOR).

For example, array [1, 2, 3, 6] is good, as 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12 = 2⋅ 6 = 2⋅ (1⊕ 2 ⊕ 3 ⊕ 6). At the same time, array [1, 2, 1, 3] isn't good, as 1 + 2 + 1 + 3 = 7 ≠ 2⋅ 1 = 2⋅(1⊕ 2 ⊕ 1 ⊕ 3).

You are given an array of length n: a_1, a_2, ..., a_n. Append at most 3 elements to it to make it good. Appended elements don't have to be different. It can be shown that the solution always exists under the given constraints. If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of added elements!. So, if an array is good already you are allowed to not append elements.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10 000). The description of the test cases follows.

The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (1≤ n ≤ 10^5) — the size of the array.

The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n (0≤ a_i ≤ 10^9) — the elements of the array.

It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 10^5.

Output

For each test case, output two lines.

In the first line, output a single integer s (0≤ s≤ 3) — the number of elements you want to append.

In the second line, output s integers b_1, ..., b_s (0≤ b_i ≤ 10^{18}) — the elements you want to append to the array.

If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them.

Example

Input


3
4
1 2 3 6
1
8
2
1 1


Output


0

2
4 4
3
2 6 2

Note

In the first test case of the example, the sum of all numbers is 12, and their ⊕ is 6, so the condition is already satisfied.

In the second test case of the example, after adding 4, 4, the array becomes [8, 4, 4]. The sum of numbers in it is 16, ⊕ of numbers in it is 8.

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.function.BiFunction;
import java.util.function.Function;

public class Main {

    static BiFunction<Integer, Integer, Integer> ADD = (x, y) -> (x + y);

    static Function<Pair<Integer, Integer>, Integer> GET_FIRST = (x) -> (x.first);
    static Function<Pair<Integer, Integer>, Integer> GET_SECOND = (x) -> (x.second);
    static Comparator<Pair<Integer, Integer>> C = Comparator.comparing(GET_FIRST).thenComparing(GET_SECOND);

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        long startTime = System.nanoTime();
        int t = in.nextInt();
        while (t-- > 0) {
            solve();
        }
        long endTime = System.nanoTime();
        err.println("Execution Time : +" + (endTime - startTime) / 1000000 + " ms");
        exit(0);
    }

    static void solve() {
        int n = in.nextInt();
        long[] data = in.readAllLongs(n);
        long sum = data[0];
        long xor = data[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
            sum += data[i];
            xor ^= data[i];
        }
        long rr = sum + xor;
        out.println(2);
        out.println(xor + " " + rr);
    }

    static void printSumAndXor(int[] data) {
        int sum = data[0];
        int xor = data[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < data.length; i++) {
            sum += data[i];
            xor ^= data[i];
        }
        out.println(Arrays.toString(data));
        out.println(sum + " " + xor);
    }

    static int[] getRandomArray(int n, int LIM) {
        Random r = new Random();
        int[] data = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            data[i] = r.nextInt(LIM);
        return data;
    }

    static void debug(Object... args) {
        for (Object a : args) {
            out.println(a);
        }
    }

    static void y() {
        out.println("YES");
    }

    static void n() {
        out.println("NO");
    }

    static void fail() {
        out.println("-1");
        exit(0);
    }

    static class Pair<T, R> {
        public T first;
        public R second;

        public Pair(T first, R second) {
            this.first = first;
            this.second = second;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(final Object o) {
            if (this == o) {
                return true;
            }
            if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
                return false;
            }
            final Pair<?, ?> pair = (Pair<?, ?>) o;
            return Objects.equals(first, pair.first) && Objects.equals(second, pair.second);
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return Objects.hash(first, second);
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "Pair{" + "a=" + first + ", b=" + second + '}';
        }

        public T getFirst() {
            return first;
        }

        public R getSecond() {
            return second;
        }
    }

    static <T, R> Pair<T, R> make_pair(T a, R b) {
        return new Pair<>(a, b);
    }

    static class ArrayUtils {

        static int[] reverse(int[] data) {
            int[] p = new int[data.length];
            for (int i = 0, j = data.length - 1; i < data.length; i++, j--) {
                p[i] = data[j];
            }
            return p;
        }

        static void prefixSum(long[] data) {
            for (int i = 1; i < data.length; i++) {
                data[i] += data[i - 1];
            }
        }

        static void prefixSum(int[] data) {
            for (int i = 1; i < data.length; i++) {
                data[i] += data[i - 1];
            }
        }

        static long[] reverse(long[] data) {
            long[] p = new long[data.length];
            for (int i = 0, j = data.length - 1; i < data.length; i++, j--) {
                p[i] = data[j];
            }
            return p;
        }

        static char[] reverse(char[] data) {
            char[] p = new char[data.length];
            for (int i = 0, j = data.length - 1; i < data.length; i++, j--) {
                p[i] = data[j];
            }
            return p;
        }

        static int[] MergeSort(int[] A) {
            if (A.length > 1) {
                int q = A.length / 2;
                int[] left = new int[q];
                int[] right = new int[A.length - q];
                System.arraycopy(A, 0, left, 0, q);
                System.arraycopy(A, q, right, 0, A.length - q);
                int[] left_sorted = MergeSort(left);
                int[] right_sorted = MergeSort(right);
                return Merge(left_sorted, right_sorted);
            } else {
                return A;
            }
        }

        static int[] Merge(int[] left, int[] right) {
            int[] A = new int[left.length + right.length];
            int i = 0;
            int j = 0;
            for (int k = 0; k < A.length; k++) {
                // To handle left becoming empty
                if (i == left.length && j < right.length) {
                    A[k] = right[j];
                    j++;
                    continue;
                }
                // To handle right becoming empty
                if (j == right.length && i < left.length) {
                    A[k] = left[i];
                    i++;
                    continue;
                }
                if (left[i] <= right[j]) {
                    A[k] = left[i];
                    i++;
                } else {
                    A[k] = right[j];
                    j++;
                }
            }
            return A;
        }

        static long[] MergeSort(long[] A) {
            if (A.length > 1) {
                int q = A.length / 2;
                long[] left = new long[q];
                long[] right = new long[A.length - q];
                System.arraycopy(A, 0, left, 0, q);
                System.arraycopy(A, q, right, 0, A.length - q);
                long[] left_sorted = MergeSort(left);
                long[] right_sorted = MergeSort(right);
                return Merge(left_sorted, right_sorted);
            } else {
                return A;
            }
        }

        static long[] Merge(long[] left, long[] right) {
            long[] A = new long[left.length + right.length];
            int i = 0;
            int j = 0;
            for (int k = 0; k < A.length; k++) {
                // To handle left becoming empty
                if (i == left.length && j < right.length) {
                    A[k] = right[j];
                    j++;
                    continue;
                }
                // To handle right becoming empty
                if (j == right.length && i < left.length) {
                    A[k] = left[i];
                    i++;
                    continue;
                }
                if (left[i] <= right[j]) {
                    A[k] = left[i];
                    i++;
                } else {
                    A[k] = right[j];
                    j++;
                }
            }
            return A;
        }
    }

    static class InputReader {
        public BufferedReader reader;
        public StringTokenizer tokenizer;

        public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream), 32768);
            tokenizer = null;
        }

        public String next() {
            while (tokenizer == null || !tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
                try {
                    tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(reader.readLine());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
            return tokenizer.nextToken();
        }

        public long nextLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }

        public int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }

        public int[] readAllInts(int n) {
            int[] p = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                p[i] = in.nextInt();
            }
            return p;
        }

        public int[] readAllInts(int n, int s) {
            int[] p = new int[n + s];
            for (int i = s; i < n + s; i++) {
                p[i] = in.nextInt();
            }
            return p;
        }

        public long[] readAllLongs(int n) {
            long[] p = new long[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                p[i] = in.nextLong();
            }
            return p;
        }

        public long[] readAllLongs(int n, int s) {
            long[] p = new long[n + s];
            for (int i = s; i < n + s; i++) {
                p[i] = in.nextLong();
            }
            return p;
        }

        public double nextDouble() {
            return Double.parseDouble(next());
        }
    }

    static void exit(int a) {
        out.close();
        err.close();
        System.exit(a);
    }

    static InputStream inputStream = System.in;
    static OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
    static OutputStream errStream = System.err;
    static InputReader in = new InputReader(inputStream);
    static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
    static PrintWriter err = new PrintWriter(errStream);
    static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));

}