Problem: Let's call an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_m of nonnegative integer numbers good if a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_m = 2⋅(a_1 ⊕ a_2 ⊕ ... ⊕ a_m), where ⊕ denotes the [bitwise XOR operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#XOR).

For example, array [1, 2, 3, 6] is good, as 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12 = 2⋅ 6 = 2⋅ (1⊕ 2 ⊕ 3 ⊕ 6). At the same time, array [1, 2, 1, 3] isn't good, as 1 + 2 + 1 + 3 = 7 ≠ 2⋅ 1 = 2⋅(1⊕ 2 ⊕ 1 ⊕ 3).

You are given an array of length n: a_1, a_2, ..., a_n. Append at most 3 elements to it to make it good. Appended elements don't have to be different. It can be shown that the solution always exists under the given constraints. If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of added elements!. So, if an array is good already you are allowed to not append elements.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10 000). The description of the test cases follows.

The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (1≤ n ≤ 10^5) — the size of the array.

The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n (0≤ a_i ≤ 10^9) — the elements of the array.

It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 10^5.

Output

For each test case, output two lines.

In the first line, output a single integer s (0≤ s≤ 3) — the number of elements you want to append.

In the second line, output s integers b_1, ..., b_s (0≤ b_i ≤ 10^{18}) — the elements you want to append to the array.

If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them.

Example

Input


3
4
1 2 3 6
1
8
2
1 1


Output


0

2
4 4
3
2 6 2

Note

In the first test case of the example, the sum of all numbers is 12, and their ⊕ is 6, so the condition is already satisfied.

In the second test case of the example, after adding 4, 4, the array becomes [8, 4, 4]. The sum of numbers in it is 16, ⊕ of numbers in it is 8.

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
/* Rajkin Hossain */

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import static java.lang.Math.*;

public class C{
   
    FastInput k = new FastInput(System.in);
    //FastInput k = new FastInput("/home/rajkin/Desktop/input.txt");
    FastOutput z = new FastOutput();
    
    int n;
    long [] y;
    long sum, xsum;
    
    void startAlgo() {
    	sum += xsum;
    	
    	z.println(2);
    	z.println(xsum+" "+sum);
    }
    
    void startProgram() {
    	
    	int t = k.nextInt();
    	while(t-->0) {
    		n = k.nextInt();
    		y = new long[n];
    		
    		sum = 0;
    		xsum = 0;
    		
    		for(int i = 0; i<n; i++) {
    			y[i] = k.nextLong();
    			sum += y[i];
    			xsum ^= y[i];
    		}
    		
    		startAlgo();
    	}
    	
    	z.flush();
    	System.exit(0);
    }
    
    public static void main(String [] args) throws IOException {
        new Thread(null, new Runnable(){
            public void run(){
            	try{ 
            		new C().startProgram();
            	}
            	catch(Exception e){
            		e.printStackTrace();
            	}
            }
        },"Main",1<<28).start();
    }
    
    static class Template {
    	
    	static <E> HashSet<E> generateSet(E [] y) {
    		HashSet<E> set = new HashSet<E>();
    		
    		for(E key : y) {
    			set.add(key);
    		}
    		
    		return set;
    	}
    	
    	static <E> HashMap<E, Integer> generateCountMap(E [] y) {
    		HashMap<E, Integer> map = new HashMap<E, Integer>();
    		
    		for(E key : y) {
    			map.putIfAbsent(key, 0);
    			map.put(key, map.get(key) + 1);
    		}
    		
    		return map;
    	}
    }

    /* MARK: FastInput and FastOutput */
 
    class FastInput {
        BufferedReader reader;
        StringTokenizer tokenizer;
 
        FastInput(InputStream stream){
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream));
        }
       
        FastInput(String path){
            try {
                reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(path));
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            tokenizer = null;
        }
 
        String next() {
            return nextToken();
        }
       
        String nextLine() {
            try {
                return reader.readLine();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
           
            return null;
        }
 
        boolean hasNext(){
            try {
                return reader.ready();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return false;
        }
 
        String nextToken() {
            while (tokenizer == null || !tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
                String line = null;
                try {
                    line = reader.readLine();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
                if (line == null) {
                    return null;
                }
                tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(line);
            }
            return tokenizer.nextToken();
        }
 
        int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(nextToken());
        }
       
        long nextLong() {
            return Long.valueOf(nextToken());
        }
        
        int [] getInputIntArray(int n) {
        	
        	int [] input = new int[n];
        	
        	for(int i = 0; i<n; i++) {
        		input[i] = nextInt();
        	}
        	
        	return input;
        }
        
        long [] getInputLongArray(int n) {
        	
        	long [] input = new long[n];
        	
        	for(int i = 0; i<n; i++) {
        		input[i] = nextLong();
        	}
        	
        	return input;
        }
        
        int [] getInputIntArrayOneBasedIndex(int n) {
        	
        	int [] input = new int[n+1];
        	
        	for(int i = 1; i<=n; i++) {
        		input[i] = nextInt();
        	}
        	
        	return input;
        }
        
        long [] getInputLongArrayOneBasedIndex(int n) {
        	
        	long [] input = new long[n+1];
        	
        	for(int i = 1; i<=n; i++) {
        		input[i] = nextLong();
        	}
        	
        	return input;
        }
        
        <E> void fill2DArray(E [][] array, E value) {
        	for(int i = 0; i<array.length; i++) {
            	for(int j = 0; j<array[0].length; j++) {
            		array[i][j] = value;
            	}
        	}
        }
        
        <E> void fill3DArray(E [][][] array, E value) {
        	for(int i = 0; i<array.length; i++) {
            	for(int j = 0; j<array[0].length; j++) {
                	for(int k = 0; k<array[0][0].length; k++) {
                		array[i][j][k] = value;
                	}
            	}
        	}
        }
        
        <E> void fill4DArray(E [][][][] array, E value) {
        	for(int i = 0; i<array.length; i++) {
            	for(int j = 0; j<array[0].length; j++) {
                	for(int k = 0; k<array[0][0].length; k++) {
                    	for(int l = 0; l<array[0][0][0].length; l++) {
                    		array[i][j][k][l] = value;
                    	}
                	}
            	}
        	}
        }
    }
 
    class FastOutput extends PrintWriter {
		FastOutput() {
			super(new BufferedOutputStream(System.out)); 
		}
		
		public void debug(Object...obj) {
		    System.err.println(Arrays.deepToString(obj));
		}
    }
}