Problem: Let's call an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_m of nonnegative integer numbers good if a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_m = 2⋅(a_1 ⊕ a_2 ⊕ ... ⊕ a_m), where ⊕ denotes the [bitwise XOR operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#XOR).

For example, array [1, 2, 3, 6] is good, as 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12 = 2⋅ 6 = 2⋅ (1⊕ 2 ⊕ 3 ⊕ 6). At the same time, array [1, 2, 1, 3] isn't good, as 1 + 2 + 1 + 3 = 7 ≠ 2⋅ 1 = 2⋅(1⊕ 2 ⊕ 1 ⊕ 3).

You are given an array of length n: a_1, a_2, ..., a_n. Append at most 3 elements to it to make it good. Appended elements don't have to be different. It can be shown that the solution always exists under the given constraints. If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of added elements!. So, if an array is good already you are allowed to not append elements.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10 000). The description of the test cases follows.

The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (1≤ n ≤ 10^5) — the size of the array.

The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n (0≤ a_i ≤ 10^9) — the elements of the array.

It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 10^5.

Output

For each test case, output two lines.

In the first line, output a single integer s (0≤ s≤ 3) — the number of elements you want to append.

In the second line, output s integers b_1, ..., b_s (0≤ b_i ≤ 10^{18}) — the elements you want to append to the array.

If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them.

Example

Input


3
4
1 2 3 6
1
8
2
1 1


Output


0

2
4 4
3
2 6 2

Note

In the first test case of the example, the sum of all numbers is 12, and their ⊕ is 6, so the condition is already satisfied.

In the second test case of the example, after adding 4, 4, the array becomes [8, 4, 4]. The sum of numbers in it is 16, ⊕ of numbers in it is 8.

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
//package learning;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.text.*;
import java.math.*;
import java.util.regex.*;
public class NitsLocal {
    static ArrayList<String> s1;
    static boolean[] prime;
    static int n = (int)1e7;
    
     static void sieve() {
Arrays.fill(prime	, true);
prime[0] = prime[1] = false;
for(int i = 2 ; i * i <= n ; ++i) {
if(prime[i]) {
for(int k = i * i; k<= n ; k+=i) {
prime[k] = false;
}
}
}
 
}
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InputReader sc = new InputReader(System.in);
        n *= 2;
           prime  = new boolean[n + 1];
           //sieve();
                prime[1] = false;
              
                  
                 
         int t = sc.ni();
         while(t-- > 0)
         {
             int n = sc.ni();
             int []a = sc.nia(n);
             long sum = 0;
             long xor = 0;
             for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
             {
                 sum += a[i];
                 xor = (xor^a[i]);
             }
             if(sum != 2*xor)
             {
                 long res = sum + xor;
                 w.println("2");
                 w.println(xor + " " + res);
             }
            
             else
                 w.println("0");
             
         }
           
          
              
       w.close();
       
        
    }
   static long func(long t,long e,long h,long a, long b)
   {
       if(e*a >= t)
           return t/a;
       else
       {
           return e + Math.min(h,(t-e*a)/b);
       }
   }
         
      
    public static int upperBound(int []arr,int n,int num)
    {
        int l = 0;
        int r = n;
        while(l < r)
        {
            int mid = (l+r)/2;
            if(num >= arr[mid])
            {
                l = mid +1;
            }
            else
                r = mid;
        }
        return l;
    }
    public static int countSetBits(int number){
        int count = 0;
        while(number>0){
            ++count;
            number &= number-1;
        }
        return count;
    }
    
     
      
 
    
    static HashSet<Integer> fac;
    public static void primeFactors(int n) 
    { 
        // Print the number of 2s that divide n 
        int t = 0;
        while (n%2==0) 
        { 
            fac.add(2);
            n /= 2; 
        } 
  
        // n must be odd at this point.  So we can 
        // skip one element (Note i = i +2) 
        for (int i = 3; i*i <= n; i+= 2) 
        { 
            // While i divides n, print i and divide n 
            while (n%i == 0) 
            { 
                fac.add(i);
                n /= i; 
            } 
        } 
  
        // This condition is to handle the case whien 
        // n is a prime number greater than 2 
        if (n > 2) 
            fac.add(n);
    } 
     static long modexp(long x,long n,long M)
{
    long power = n;
    long result=1;
    x = x%M;
    while(power>0)
    {
        if(power % 2 ==1)
            result=(result * x)%M;
        x=(x*x)%M;
        power = power/2;
    }
    return result;
}
      static long modInverse(long A,long M)
{
    return modexp(A,M-2,M);
}
    static long gcd(long a,long b)
    {
        if(a==0)
            return b;
        else
            return gcd(b%a,a);
    }
    static class Temp{
        int a;
        int b;
        int c;
        int d;
      
        Temp(int a,int b,int c,int d)
        {
            this.a = a;
            this.b = b;
            this.c  =c;
            this.d = d;
            //this.d = d;
        }
    }
   
    
    
   static long sum1(int t1,int t2,int x,int []t)
   {
       int mid = (t2-t1+1)/2;
  if(t1==t2)
      return 0;
    
   else
   return sum1(t1,mid-1,x,t) + sum1(mid,t2,x,t);
    
     
   }
  
   
    static String replace(String s,int a,int n)
    {
        char []c = s.toCharArray();
        for(int i=1;i<n;i+=2)
        {
            int num = (int) (c[i] - 48);
            num += a;
            num%=10;
            c[i] = (char) (num+48);
        }
        return new String(c);
    }
    static String move(String s,int h,int n)
    {
        h%=n;
        char []c = s.toCharArray();
        char []temp = new char[n];
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        {
            temp[(i+h)%n] = c[i];
        }
        return new String(temp);
    }
    
     public static int ip(String s){
return Integer.parseInt(s);
}
     static class multipliers implements Comparator<Long>{
  
         
  public int compare(Long a,Long b) {
   if(a<b)
    return 1;
   else if(b<a)
    return -1;
   else
    return 0;
  }
 }
     static class multipliers1 implements Comparator<Student>{
  
  public int compare(Student a,Student b) {
   if(a.id<b.id)
    return -1;
   else if(b.id<a.id)
    return 1;
   else
   {
       if(a.y < b.y)
           return -1;
       else if(b.y<a.y)
           return 1;
       else
           return 0;
           
    //return 0;
   }
  }
 }
    // Java program to generate power set in 
// lexicographic order. 
 
    
    
    
      static class InputReader {
 
private final InputStream stream;
private final byte[] buf = new byte[8192];
private int curChar, snumChars;
 
public InputReader(InputStream st) {
this.stream = st;
}
 
public int read() {
if (snumChars == -1)
throw new InputMismatchException();
if (curChar >= snumChars) {
curChar = 0;
try {
snumChars = stream.read(buf);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new InputMismatchException();
}
if (snumChars <= 0)
return -1;
}
return buf[curChar++];
}
 
public int ni() {
int c = read();
while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
c = read();
}
int sgn = 1;
if (c == '-') {
sgn = -1;
c = read();
}
int res = 0;
do {
res *= 10;
res += c - '0';
c = read();
} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
return res * sgn;
}
 
public long nl() {
int c = read();
while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
c = read();
}
int sgn = 1;
if (c == '-') {
sgn = -1;
c = read();
}
long res = 0;
do {
res *= 10;
res += c - '0';
c = read();
} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
return res * sgn;
}
 
public int[] nia(int n) {
int a[] = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
a[i] = ni();
}
return a;
}
 
public String rs() {
int c = read();
while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
c = read();
}
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
do {
res.appendCodePoint(c);
c = read();
} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
return res.toString();
}
 
public String nextLine() {
int c = read();
while (isSpaceChar(c))
c = read();
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
do {
res.appendCodePoint(c);
c = read();
} while (!isEndOfLine(c));
return res.toString();
}
 
public boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
}
 
private boolean isEndOfLine(int c) {
return c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == -1;
}
 
}
 
 
 
 
 
   
static PrintWriter w = new PrintWriter(System.out);
                  static class Student
    {
        int id;
        //int x;
       
        int y;
      
        //long z;
        
        Student(int id,int y)
        {
            this.id = id;
            //this.x = x;
            //this.s = s;
            this.y = y;
          
           // this.z = z;
            
            
            
           
        }
        
    }
}