Problem: Let's call an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_m of nonnegative integer numbers good if a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_m = 2⋅(a_1 ⊕ a_2 ⊕ ... ⊕ a_m), where ⊕ denotes the [bitwise XOR operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#XOR).

For example, array [1, 2, 3, 6] is good, as 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12 = 2⋅ 6 = 2⋅ (1⊕ 2 ⊕ 3 ⊕ 6). At the same time, array [1, 2, 1, 3] isn't good, as 1 + 2 + 1 + 3 = 7 ≠ 2⋅ 1 = 2⋅(1⊕ 2 ⊕ 1 ⊕ 3).

You are given an array of length n: a_1, a_2, ..., a_n. Append at most 3 elements to it to make it good. Appended elements don't have to be different. It can be shown that the solution always exists under the given constraints. If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of added elements!. So, if an array is good already you are allowed to not append elements.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10 000). The description of the test cases follows.

The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (1≤ n ≤ 10^5) — the size of the array.

The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n (0≤ a_i ≤ 10^9) — the elements of the array.

It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 10^5.

Output

For each test case, output two lines.

In the first line, output a single integer s (0≤ s≤ 3) — the number of elements you want to append.

In the second line, output s integers b_1, ..., b_s (0≤ b_i ≤ 10^{18}) — the elements you want to append to the array.

If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them.

Example

Input


3
4
1 2 3 6
1
8
2
1 1


Output


0

2
4 4
3
2 6 2

Note

In the first test case of the example, the sum of all numbers is 12, and their ⊕ is 6, so the condition is already satisfied.

In the second test case of the example, after adding 4, 4, the array becomes [8, 4, 4]. The sum of numbers in it is 16, ⊕ of numbers in it is 8.

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
//package codeforces.problem.dec;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

/*
https://codeforces.com/problemset/problem/1270/B
 */
public class Task1270_C {

    static void solve() {
        int n = FS.nextInt();
        long[] a = FS.readArrayL(n);

        long sum = 0;
        long x = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            x ^= a[i];
            sum += a[i];
        }
        if (sum == 2 * x) {
            FS.pt.println(0);
        } else {
            FS.pt.println(2);
            FS.pt.println((sum + x) + " " + x);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int T = FS.nextInt();
        for (int tt = 0; tt < T; tt++) {
            solve();
        }
        FS.pt.close();
    }

    static class FS {
        private static BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        private static StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer("");
        static PrintWriter pt = new PrintWriter(System.out);

        static String next() {
            while (!st.hasMoreTokens())
                try {
                    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            return st.nextToken();
        }

        static int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }

        static int[] readArray(int n) {
            int[] a = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = nextInt();
            return a;
        }

        static double nextDouble() {
            return Double.parseDouble(next());
        }

        static int[][] read2Array(int n, int m) {
            int[][] a = new int[n][m];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
                    a[i][j] = nextInt();
                }
            }
            return a;
        }

        static long[][] read2ArrayL(int n, int m) {
            long[][] a = new long[n][m];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
                    a[i][j] = nextLong();
                }
            }
            return a;
        }

        void printArr(long[] arr) {
            for (long value : arr) {
                pt.print(value);
                pt.print(" ");
            }
            pt.println();
        }

        static long[] readArrayL(int n) {
            long[] a = new long[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = nextLong();
            return a;
        }

        static void printArr(int[] arr) {
            for (int value : arr) {
                pt.print(value);
                pt.print(" ");
            }
            pt.println();
        }

        static void printArrL(int[] arr) {
            for (int value : arr) {
                pt.print(value);
                pt.print(" ");
            }
            pt.println();
        }

        static void print2Arr(int[][] arr, int n, int m) {
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
                    pt.print(arr[i][j]);
                    pt.print(" ");
                }
                pt.println();
            }
            pt.println();
        }

        static void print2Arr(long[][] arr, int n, int m) {
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {
                    pt.print(arr[i][j]);
                    pt.print(" ");
                }
                pt.println();
            }
            pt.println();
        }

        static List<Long> readListLong(int n) {
            List<Long> list = new ArrayList<>(n);
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                list.add(nextLong());
            }
            return list;
        }

        static List<Integer> readListInt(int n) {
            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(n);
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                list.add(nextInt());
            }
            return list;
        }

        static <T> void printList(List<T> list) {
            for (T value : list) {
                pt.print(value);
                pt.print(" ");
            }
            pt.println();
        }

        static void close() {
            pt.close();
        }

        static long nextLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }
    }

    static class NumberTheory {
        public static long gcd(long a, long b) {
            while (b != 0) {
                long tmp = a % b;
                a = b;
                b = tmp;
            }
            return a;
        }

        public static long lcm(long a, long b) {
            return a * b / gcd(a, b);
        }

        public static List<Long> primeFactors(long n) {
            List<Long> ans = new ArrayList<>();
            while (n % 2 == 0) {
                ans.add(2L);
                n /= 2;
            }

            // n must be odd at this point.  So we can
            // skip one element (Note i = i + 2)
            for (long i = 3; i <= Math.sqrt(n); i += 2) {
                // While i divides n, print i and divide n
                while (n % i == 0) {
                    ans.add(i);
                    n /= i;
                }
            }

            // This condition is to handle the case when
            // n is a prime number greater than 2
            if (n > 2) {
                ans.add(n);
            }
            return ans;
        }
    }

    static class Pair<T, K> {
        T first;
        K second;

        public Pair(T first, K second) {
            this.first = first;
            this.second = second;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (this == o) return true;
            if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
            Pair<?, ?> pair = (Pair<?, ?>) o;
            return Objects.equals(first, pair.first) &&
                    Objects.equals(second, pair.second);
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return Objects.hash(first, second);
        }
    }
}