Problem: Let's call an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_m of nonnegative integer numbers good if a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_m = 2⋅(a_1 ⊕ a_2 ⊕ ... ⊕ a_m), where ⊕ denotes the [bitwise XOR operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#XOR).

For example, array [1, 2, 3, 6] is good, as 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12 = 2⋅ 6 = 2⋅ (1⊕ 2 ⊕ 3 ⊕ 6). At the same time, array [1, 2, 1, 3] isn't good, as 1 + 2 + 1 + 3 = 7 ≠ 2⋅ 1 = 2⋅(1⊕ 2 ⊕ 1 ⊕ 3).

You are given an array of length n: a_1, a_2, ..., a_n. Append at most 3 elements to it to make it good. Appended elements don't have to be different. It can be shown that the solution always exists under the given constraints. If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of added elements!. So, if an array is good already you are allowed to not append elements.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10 000). The description of the test cases follows.

The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (1≤ n ≤ 10^5) — the size of the array.

The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n (0≤ a_i ≤ 10^9) — the elements of the array.

It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 10^5.

Output

For each test case, output two lines.

In the first line, output a single integer s (0≤ s≤ 3) — the number of elements you want to append.

In the second line, output s integers b_1, ..., b_s (0≤ b_i ≤ 10^{18}) — the elements you want to append to the array.

If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them.

Example

Input


3
4
1 2 3 6
1
8
2
1 1


Output


0

2
4 4
3
2 6 2

Note

In the first test case of the example, the sum of all numbers is 12, and their ⊕ is 6, so the condition is already satisfied.

In the second test case of the example, after adding 4, 4, the array becomes [8, 4, 4]. The sum of numbers in it is 16, ⊕ of numbers in it is 8.

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.*; 
import java.util.*; 
//import javafx.util.*; 
import java.math.*;
//import java.lang.*;
public class Main 
{ 
    
      //static int n;
      // static ArrayList<Integer> adj[];
    
    // static boolean vis[];
   //  static long ans[];
    static final long oo=(long)1e18;
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { 
    //    Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
        PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out)));
        br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        int t=nextInt();
       // int t=1;
        outer: while(t--!=0){
            int n=nextInt();
            long arr[]=new long[n];
            long xor=0;
            long sum=0;
            for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
                arr[i]=nextLong();
                xor=xor^arr[i];
                sum+=arr[i];
            }
            int b=0;
            if(sum%2!=0){
                b=1;
            }
            sum+=b;
            xor^=b;
            pw.println("3");
            pw.println(xor+" "+b+" "+(sum+xor));

        }
        pw.close();
    }
    
    public static BufferedReader br;
    public static StringTokenizer st;
    public static String next() {
        while (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens()) {
       try {
                st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        return st.nextToken();
    }
 
    public static Integer nextInt() {
        return Integer.parseInt(next());
    }
    public static Long nextLong() {
        return Long.parseLong(next());
    }
 
    public static Double nextDouble() {
        return Double.parseDouble(next());
    }
    // static class Pair{
    //     int x;int y;
    //     Pair(int x,int y,int z){
    //         this.x=x;
    //         this.y=y;
    //        // this.z=z;
    //      //   this.z=z;
    //       //  this.i=i;
    //     }
    // }
    // static class sorting implements Comparator<Pair>{
    //     public int compare(Pair a,Pair b){
    //         //return (a.y)-(b.y);
    //         if(a.y==b.y){
    //             return -1*(a.z-b.z);
    //         }
    //         return (a.y-b.y);
    //     }
   // }
    public static int[] na(int n)throws IOException{
        int[] a = new int[n];
        for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)a[i] = nextInt();
        return a;
    }
    static class query implements Comparable<query>{
        int l,r,idx,block;
        static int len;
        query(int l,int r,int i){
            this.l=l;
            this.r=r;
            this.idx=i;
            this.block=l/len;
        }   
        public int compareTo(query a){
            return block==a.block?r-a.r:block-a.block;
        }
    }
    static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair>{
        int x;int y;
        Pair(int x,int y){
            this.x=x;
            this.y=y;
            //this.z=z;
        }   
        public int compareTo(Pair p){
            
            return (x-p.x);
            //return (x-a.x)>0?1:-1;
        }
    }
    // static class sorting implements Comparator<Pair>{  
    //     public int compare(Pair a1,Pair a2){  
    //         if(o1.a==o2.a)
    //             return (o1.b>o2.b)?1:-1;  
    //         else if(o1.a>o2.a)  
    //             return 1;  
    //         else  
    //             return -1;  
    //     }
    // }  
    static boolean isPrime(int n) { 
        if (n <= 1) 
            return false; 
        if (n <= 3) 
            return true; 
        if (n % 2 == 0 ||  
            n % 3 == 0) 
            return false; 
      
        for (int i = 5; 
                 i * i <= n; i = i + 6) 
            if (n % i == 0 || 
                n % (i + 2) == 0) 
                return false; 
      
        return true; 
    } 
    static int gcd(int a, int b) { 
      if (b == 0) 
        return a; 
      return gcd(b, a % b);  
    }  
    // To compute x^y under modulo m 
    static long power(long x, long y, long m){ 
        if (y == 0) 
            return 1;      
        long p = power(x, y / 2, m) % m; 
        p = (p * p) % m; 
      
        if (y % 2 == 0) 
            return p; 
        else
            return (x * p) % m; 
    }
    static long fast_pow(long base,long n,long M){
        if(n==0)
           return 1;
        if(n==1)
        return base;
        long halfn=fast_pow(base,n/2,M);
        if(n%2==0)
            return ( halfn * halfn ) % M;
        else
            return ( ( ( halfn * halfn ) % M ) * base ) % M;
    }
       static long modInverse(long n,int M){
        return fast_pow(n,M-2,M);
    }
    
}