Problem: Let's call an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_m of nonnegative integer numbers good if a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_m = 2⋅(a_1 ⊕ a_2 ⊕ ... ⊕ a_m), where ⊕ denotes the [bitwise XOR operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#XOR).

For example, array [1, 2, 3, 6] is good, as 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12 = 2⋅ 6 = 2⋅ (1⊕ 2 ⊕ 3 ⊕ 6). At the same time, array [1, 2, 1, 3] isn't good, as 1 + 2 + 1 + 3 = 7 ≠ 2⋅ 1 = 2⋅(1⊕ 2 ⊕ 1 ⊕ 3).

You are given an array of length n: a_1, a_2, ..., a_n. Append at most 3 elements to it to make it good. Appended elements don't have to be different. It can be shown that the solution always exists under the given constraints. If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of added elements!. So, if an array is good already you are allowed to not append elements.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10 000). The description of the test cases follows.

The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (1≤ n ≤ 10^5) — the size of the array.

The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n (0≤ a_i ≤ 10^9) — the elements of the array.

It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 10^5.

Output

For each test case, output two lines.

In the first line, output a single integer s (0≤ s≤ 3) — the number of elements you want to append.

In the second line, output s integers b_1, ..., b_s (0≤ b_i ≤ 10^{18}) — the elements you want to append to the array.

If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them.

Example

Input


3
4
1 2 3 6
1
8
2
1 1


Output


0

2
4 4
3
2 6 2

Note

In the first test case of the example, the sum of all numbers is 12, and their ⊕ is 6, so the condition is already satisfied.

In the second test case of the example, after adding 4, 4, the array becomes [8, 4, 4]. The sum of numbers in it is 16, ⊕ of numbers in it is 8.

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.*;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.*;
 
 
 
public class Main {
	
	static InputReader in = new InputReader(System.in);
	static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
	
	static int oo = (int)1e9;
//	static long oo = (long)1e15;
//	static int mod = 1_000_000_007;
	static int mod = 998244353;
	
	static int[] dx = {1, 0, -1, 0};
	static int[] dy = {0, -1, 0, 1};
	
	static int M = 1000005;
	static double EPS = 1e-13;
	
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

		int t = in.nextInt();
		out:
		while(t --> 0) {
			int n = in.nextInt();
			long sum = 0;
			long xor = 0;
			for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
				int x = in.nextInt();
				sum += x;
				xor ^= x;
			}
			long x = xor;
			sum += x;
			xor ^= x;
			if(xor != 0)
				throw new AssertionError();
			long y = sum;
			sum += y;
			xor ^= y;
			if(sum != 2 * xor)
				throw new AssertionError();
			System.out.println(2);
			System.out.println(x + " " + y);
		}
		
		out.close();
	}
	
	
	
	static int find(int[] g, int x) {
		return g[x] = g[x] == x ? x : find(g, g[x]);
	}
	
	static void union(int[] g, int[] size, int x, int y) {
		x = find(g, x); y = find(g, y);
		if(x == y)
			return;
		if(size[x] < size[y]) {
			g[x] = y;
			size[y] += size[x];
		}
		else {
			g[y] = x;
			size[x] += size[y];
		}
	}
	
	static class Segment {
		Segment left, right;
		int size, val;
		int time, lazy;
		
		public Segment(int[] a, int l, int r) {
			super();
			if(l == r) {
				return;
			}
			int mid = (l + r) / 2;
			left = new Segment(a, l, mid);
			right = new Segment(a, mid+1, r);
		}
		
		boolean covered(int ll, int rr, int l, int r) {
			return ll <= l && rr >= r;
		}
		
		boolean noIntersection(int ll, int rr, int l, int r) {
			return ll > r || rr < l;
		}
		
		void lazyPropagation() {
			if(lazy != 0) {
				if(left != null) {
					left.setLazy(this.time, this.lazy);
					right.setLazy(this.time, this.lazy);
				}
				else {
					val = lazy;
				}
			}
		}
		
		void setLazy(int time, int lazy) {
			if(this.time != 0 && this.time <= time)
				return;
			this.time = time;
			this.lazy = lazy;
		}
		
		int query(int ll, int rr, int l, int r) {
			lazyPropagation();
			if(noIntersection(ll, rr, l, r))
				return 0;
			if(covered(ll, rr, l, r))
				return val;
			int mid = (l + r) / 2;
			int leftSum = left.query(ll, rr, l, mid);
			int rightSum = right.query(ll, rr, mid+1, r);
			return leftSum + rightSum;
		}
		
		int query(int k, int l, int r) {
			Segment trace = this;
			while(l < r) {
				int mid = (l + r) / 2;
				if(trace.left.size > k) {
					trace = trace.left;
					r = mid;
				}
				else {
					k -= trace.left.size;
					trace = trace.right;
					l = mid + 1;
				}
			}
			return l;
		}
		
		void update(int ll, int rr, int time, int knight, int l, int r) {
			lazyPropagation();
			if(noIntersection(ll, rr, l, r))
				return;
			if(covered(ll, rr, l, r)) {
				setLazy(time, knight);
				return;
			}
			int mid = (l + r) / 2;
			left.update(ll, rr, time, knight, l, mid);
			right.update(ll, rr, time, knight, mid+1, r);
		}
	}
	
	static long pow(long a, long n, long mod) {
		if(n == 0)
			return 1;
		if(n % 2 == 1)
			return a * pow(a, n-1, mod) % mod;
		long x = pow(a, n / 2, mod);
		return x * x % mod;
	}
	
	
	static int[] getPi(char[] a) {
		int m = a.length;
		int j = 0;
		int[] pi = new int[m];
		for(int i = 1; i < m; ++i) {
			while(j > 0 && a[i] != a[j])
				j = pi[j-1];
			if(a[i] == a[j]) {
				pi[i] = j + 1;
				j++;
			}
		}
		return pi;
	}
	
	static long lcm(long a, long b) {
		return a * b / gcd(a, b);
	}
	
	static BigInteger lcm2(long a, long b) {
		long g = gcd(a, b);
		BigInteger gg = BigInteger.valueOf(g);
		BigInteger aa = BigInteger.valueOf(a);
		BigInteger bb = BigInteger.valueOf(b);
		return aa.multiply(bb).divide(gg);
	}
	
	static boolean nextPermutation(int[] a) {
		for(int i = a.length - 2; i >= 0; --i) {
			if(a[i] < a[i+1]) {
				for(int j = a.length - 1; ; --j) {
					if(a[i] < a[j]) {
						int t = a[i];
						a[i] = a[j];
						a[j] = t;
						for(i++, j = a.length - 1; i < j; ++i, --j) {
							t = a[i];
							a[i] = a[j];
							a[j] = t;
						}
						return true;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return false;
	}
	
	static void shuffle(Object[] a) {
		Random r = new Random();
		for(int i = a.length - 1; i > 0; --i) {
			int si = r.nextInt(i);
			Object t = a[si];
			a[si] = a[i];
			a[i] = t;
		}
	}
	
	static void shuffle(int[] a) {
		Random r = new Random();
		for(int i = a.length - 1; i > 0; --i) {
			int si = r.nextInt(i);
			int t = a[si];
			a[si] = a[i];
			a[i] = t;
		}
	}
	
	static void shuffle(long[] a) {
		Random r = new Random();
		for(int i = a.length - 1; i > 0; --i) {
			int si = r.nextInt(i);
			long t = a[si];
			a[si] = a[i];
			a[i] = t;
		}
	}
	
	static int lower_bound(int[] a, int n, int k) {
		int s = 0;
		int e = n;
		int m;
		while (e - s > 0) {
			m = (s + e) / 2;
			if (a[m] < k)
				s = m + 1;
			else
				e = m;
		}
		return e;
	}
	static int lower_bound(long[] a, int n, long k) {
		int s = 0;
		int e = n;
		int m;
		while (e - s > 0) {
			m = (s + e) / 2;
			if (a[m] < k)
				s = m + 1;
			else
				e = m;
		}
		return e;
	}
	
	static int gcd(int a, int b) {
		return b == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b);
	}
	static long gcd(long a, long b) {
		return b == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b);
	}
	static BigInteger gcd(BigInteger a, BigInteger b) {
		return b.compareTo(BigInteger.ZERO) == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a.mod(b));
	}
	
	static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair> {
		int first, second;
 
		public Pair(int first, int second) {
			super();
			this.first = first;
			this.second = second;
		}
 
		@Override
		public int compareTo(Pair o) {
			return this.first != o.first ? this.first - o.first : this.second - o.second;
		}
		
//		@Override
//		public int compareTo(Pair o) {
//			return this.first != o.first ? o.first - this.first : o.second - this.second;
//		}
 
		@Override
		public int hashCode() {
			final int prime = 31;
			int result = 1;
			result = prime * result + first;
			result = prime * result + second;
			return result;
		}
 
		@Override
		public boolean equals(Object obj) {
			if (this == obj)
				return true;
			if (obj == null)
				return false;
			if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
				return false;
			Pair other = (Pair) obj;
			if (first != other.first)
				return false;
			if (second != other.second)
				return false;
			return true;
		}
	}
}
 
 
 
class InputReader {
 
	private final InputStream stream;
	private final byte[] buf = new byte[8192];
	private int curChar, snumChars;
 
	public InputReader(InputStream st) {
		this.stream = st;
	}
 
	public int read() {
		if (snumChars == -1)
			throw new InputMismatchException();
		if (curChar >= snumChars) {
			curChar = 0;
			try {
				snumChars = stream.read(buf);
			} catch (IOException e) {
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			}
			if (snumChars <= 0)
				return -1;
		}
		return buf[curChar++];
	}
 
	public int nextInt() {
		int c = read();
		while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
			c = read();
		}
		int sgn = 1;
		if (c == '-') {
			sgn = -1;
			c = read();
		}
		int res = 0;
		do {
			res *= 10;
			res += c - '0';
			c = read();
		} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
		return res * sgn;
	}
 
	public long nextLong() {
		int c = read();
		while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
			c = read();
		}
		int sgn = 1;
		if (c == '-') {
			sgn = -1;
			c = read();
		}
		long res = 0;
		do {
			res *= 10;
			res += c - '0';
			c = read();
		} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
		return res * sgn;
	}
 
	public int[] nextIntArray(int n) {
		int a[] = new int[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			a[i] = nextInt();
		}
		return a;
	}
 
	public String readString() {
		int c = read();
		while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
			c = read();
		}
		StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
		do {
			res.appendCodePoint(c);
			c = read();
		} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
		return res.toString();
	}
 
	public String nextLine() {
		int c = read();
		while (isSpaceChar(c))
			c = read();
		StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
		do {
			res.appendCodePoint(c);
			c = read();
		} while (!isEndOfLine(c));
		return res.toString();
	}
 
	public boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
		return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
	}
 
	private boolean isEndOfLine(int c) {
		return c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == -1;
	}
 
}