Problem: Let's call an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_m of nonnegative integer numbers good if a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_m = 2⋅(a_1 ⊕ a_2 ⊕ ... ⊕ a_m), where ⊕ denotes the [bitwise XOR operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#XOR).

For example, array [1, 2, 3, 6] is good, as 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12 = 2⋅ 6 = 2⋅ (1⊕ 2 ⊕ 3 ⊕ 6). At the same time, array [1, 2, 1, 3] isn't good, as 1 + 2 + 1 + 3 = 7 ≠ 2⋅ 1 = 2⋅(1⊕ 2 ⊕ 1 ⊕ 3).

You are given an array of length n: a_1, a_2, ..., a_n. Append at most 3 elements to it to make it good. Appended elements don't have to be different. It can be shown that the solution always exists under the given constraints. If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of added elements!. So, if an array is good already you are allowed to not append elements.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10 000). The description of the test cases follows.

The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (1≤ n ≤ 10^5) — the size of the array.

The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n (0≤ a_i ≤ 10^9) — the elements of the array.

It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 10^5.

Output

For each test case, output two lines.

In the first line, output a single integer s (0≤ s≤ 3) — the number of elements you want to append.

In the second line, output s integers b_1, ..., b_s (0≤ b_i ≤ 10^{18}) — the elements you want to append to the array.

If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them.

Example

Input


3
4
1 2 3 6
1
8
2
1 1


Output


0

2
4 4
3
2 6 2

Note

In the first test case of the example, the sum of all numbers is 12, and their ⊕ is 6, so the condition is already satisfied.

In the second test case of the example, after adding 4, 4, the array becomes [8, 4, 4]. The sum of numbers in it is 16, ⊕ of numbers in it is 8.

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
//package codeforces;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

public class Solution {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		
		try(InputUtil input = new InputUtil()) {
			int t = input.readLineAsInt();
			for(int i = 0; i < t; i++) {
				process(input);
			}
		}
	}

	private static void process(InputUtil input) throws Exception {
		input.readLineAsInt();
		int[] array = input.readInts();
		long sum = Arrays.stream(array).asLongStream().reduce(0, Long::sum);
		long xor = Arrays.stream(array).asLongStream().reduce(0, (a, b) -> a ^ b);
		if(sum == 2 * xor) {
			System.out.println("0");
			System.out.println();
			return;
		}
		
		long result = 0;
		int expectedSumDigit = 0;
		for(int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
			if(getBit(sum + result, i) != expectedSumDigit) {
				result = setBit(result, i);
			}
			expectedSumDigit = getBit(xor ^ result, i);
		}
		System.out.println("1");
		System.out.println(result);
	}
	
	private static int getBit(long number, int position) {
		return (number & (1L << position)) != 0 ? 1 : 0; 
	}
	
	private static long setBit(long number, int position) {
		return (number | (1L << position));
	}
	
	public static class InputUtil implements Closeable {

		private final BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		
		public int readLineAsInt() throws Exception {
			return Integer.parseInt(reader.readLine());
		}
		
		public long readLineAsLong() throws Exception {
			return Long.parseLong(reader.readLine());
		}
		
		public String getSpaceSeperatedInts(int[] ints) {
			return Stream.of(ints)
					.map(String::valueOf)
					.collect(Collectors.joining(" "));
		}

		public String getSpaceSeperatedBigInteger(BigInteger[] nums) {
			return Stream.of(nums)
					.map(BigInteger::toString)
					.collect(Collectors.joining(" "));
		}

		public boolean isEven(long number) {
			return number % 2 == 0;
		}

		public boolean isOdd(long number) {
			return !isEven(number);
		}

		public boolean isEven(BigInteger number) {
			return !number.testBit(1);
		}

		public boolean isOdd(BigInteger number) {
			return !isEven(number);
		}

		public int[] readInts() throws IOException {
			return toIntArray(reader.readLine());
		}

		public int[] toIntArray(String s) {
			return Stream.of(s.split("\\s"))
					.mapToInt(Integer::parseInt)
					.toArray();
		}

		public long[] readLongs() throws IOException {
			return toLongArray(reader.readLine());
		}

		public long[] toLongArray(String s) {
			return Stream.of(s.split("\\s"))
					.mapToLong(Long::parseLong)
					.toArray();
		}

		public BigInteger[] readBigInts() throws IOException {
			return toBigIntArray(reader.readLine());
		}

		public BigInteger[] toBigIntArray(String s) {
			String[] nums = s.split("\\s");
			return IntStream.range(0, nums.length)
					.boxed()
					.map(index -> new BigInteger(nums[index]))
					.toArray(size -> new BigInteger[size]);

		}

		public char[] readChars() throws IOException {
			return reader.readLine().toCharArray();
		}

		public BufferedReader getReader() {
			return reader;
		}
		
		@Override
		public void close() throws IOException {
			reader.close();
		}

	}
	
}