Problem: This is an interactive problem.

Little Dormi was faced with an awkward problem at the carnival: he has to guess the edges of an unweighted tree of n nodes! The nodes of the tree are numbered from 1 to n.

The game master only allows him to ask one type of question:

  * Little Dormi picks a node r (1 ≤ r ≤ n), and the game master will reply with an array d_1, d_2, …, d_n, where d_i is the length of the shortest path from node r to i, for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n.



Additionally, to make the game unfair challenge Little Dormi the game master will allow at most ⌈n/2⌉ questions, where ⌈ x ⌉ denotes the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.

Faced with the stomach-churning possibility of not being able to guess the tree, Little Dormi needs your help to devise a winning strategy!

Note that the game master creates the tree before the game starts, and does not change it during the game.

Input

The first line of input contains the integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 000), the number of nodes in the tree.

You will then begin interaction.

Output

When your program has found the tree, first output a line consisting of a single "!" followed by n-1 lines each with two space separated integers a and b, denoting an edge connecting nodes a and b (1 ≤ a, b ≤ n). Once you are done, terminate your program normally immediately after flushing the output stream.

You may output the edges in any order and an edge (a,b) is considered the same as an edge (b,a). Answering is not considered as a query.

Interaction

After taking input, you may make at most ⌈n/2⌉ queries. Each query is made in the format "? r", where r is an integer 1 ≤ r ≤ n that denotes the node you want to pick for that query.

You will then receive n space separated integers d_1, d_2, …, d_n, where d_i is the length of the shortest path from node r to i, followed by a newline.

After printing a query do not forget to output end of line and flush the output. Otherwise, you will get Idleness limit exceeded. To do this, use:

  * fflush(stdout) or cout.flush() in C++; 
  * System.out.flush() in Java; 
  * flush(output) in Pascal; 
  * stdout.flush() in Python; 
  * see documentation for other languages. 



If at any point you make an invalid query or try to make more than ⌈ n/2 ⌉ queries, the interaction will terminate immediately and you will receive a Wrong Answer verdict.

Hacks

To hack a solution, use the following format.

The first line contains the integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 000).

The next n−1 lines contain two integers u and v (1 ≤ u,v ≤ n) denoting an edge between u and v (u ≠ v). These n-1 edges must form a tree.

Examples

Input


4

0 1 2 2

1 0 1 1

Output


? 1

? 2

!
4 2
1 2
2 3


Input


5

2 2 1 1 0


Output


? 5

!
4 5
3 5
2 4
1 3

Note

Here is the tree from the first example.

<image>

Notice that the edges can be output in any order.

Additionally, here are the answers for querying every single node in example 1:

  * 1: [0,1,2,2] 
  * 2: [1,0,1,1] 
  * 3: [2,1,0,2] 
  * 4: [2,1,2,0]



Below is the tree from the second example interaction.

<image>

Lastly, here are the answers for querying every single node in example 2:

  * 1: [0,4,1,3,2] 
  * 2: [4,0,3,1,2] 
  * 3: [1,3,0,2,1] 
  * 4: [3,1,2,0,1] 
  * 5: [2,2,1,1,0]

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.util.*;

import java.io.*;

public class cf {
	static Reader sc = new Reader();
	static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);

	static int mod = (int) 1e9 + 7;

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// int t = sc.ni();
		// while (t-- > 0) {
		int n = sc.ni();
		ArrayList<Integer>[] adj = new ArrayList[n + 1];
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
			adj[i] = new ArrayList<>();

		boolean[] vis = new boolean[n + 1];

		int[] res = query(1, n);
		ArrayList<Integer> odd = new ArrayList<>(), even = new ArrayList<>();
		for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
			if (res[i] % 2 == 0) {
				if (i != 1)
					even.add(i);
			} else {
				odd.add(i);
			}
			if (res[i] == 1) {
				adj[i].add(1);
				adj[1].add(i);
			}
		}

		if (even.size() + 1 <= ((n + 1) / 2)) {
			for (int j : even) {
				int[] response = query(j, n);
				for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
					if (response[i] == 1) {
						adj[i].add(j);
						adj[j].add(i);
					}
				}
			}
		} else {
			for (int j : odd) {
				int[] response = query(j, n);
				for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
					if (response[i] == 1) {
						adj[i].add(j);
						adj[j].add(i);
					}
				}
			}
		}

		out.println("!");
		// output
		Queue<Integer> q = new LinkedList<>();
		vis = new boolean[n + 1];
		q.add(1);
		vis[1] = true;
		while (!q.isEmpty()) {
			int size = q.size();
			while (size-- > 0) {
				int curr = q.poll();
				for (int j : adj[curr]) {
					if (!vis[j]) {
						vis[j] = true;
						q.add(j);
						out.println(curr + " " + j);
					}
				}
			}

		}
		out.flush();

		// }

		out.close();
	}

	static int[] query(int i, int n) {
		out.println("? " + i);
		out.flush();
		int[] res = new int[n + 1];
		for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
			res[j] = sc.ni();
		return res;
	}

	public static long pow(long a, long b, long m) {
		if (b == 0) {
			return 1;
		}
		if (b % 2 == 0) {
			return pow((a * a) % m, b / 2, m) % m;
		} else {
			return (a * pow((a * a) % m, b / 2, m)) % m;
		}
	}

	static long calc(long[] arr, long x) {
		int n = arr.length;
		long res = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			if (arr[i] > x) {
				res += (arr[i] - x);
				arr[i] = x;
			}
			if (i == 0)
				continue;
			res += Math.abs(arr[i] - arr[i - 1]);
		}
		res += arr[0];
		res += arr[n - 1];
		return res;
	}

	// snippets

	static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair> {
		int x;
		int y;

		Pair(int x, int y) {
			this.x = x;
			this.y = y;

		}

		@Override
		public int compareTo(Pair o) {
			if (this.x > o.x)
				return 1;
			else if (this.x < o.x)
				return -1;
			else {
				if (this.y > o.y)
					return 1;
				else if (this.y < o.y)
					return -1;
				else
					return 0;
			}
		}

		public int hashCode() {
			int ans = 1;
			ans = x * 31 + y * 13;
			return ans;
		}

		@Override
		public boolean equals(Object o) {
			if (this == o) {
				return true;
			}
			if (o == null) {
				return false;
			}
			if (this.getClass() != o.getClass()) {
				return false;
			}
			Pair other = (Pair) o;
			if (this.x == other.x && this.y == other.y) {
				return true;
			}
			if (this.x == other.y && this.y == other.x) {
				return true;
			}
			return false;
		}

	}

	static void add_map(HashMap<Integer, Integer> map, int v) {
		if (!map.containsKey(v)) {
			map.put(v, 1);
		} else {
			map.put(v, map.get(v) + 1);
		}
	}

	static void remove_map(HashMap<Integer, Integer> map, int v) {
		if (map.containsKey(v)) {
			map.put(v, map.get(v) - 1);
			if (map.get(v) == 0)
				map.remove(v);
		}
	}

	static int gcd(int a, int b) {
		if (b == 0)
			return a;
		return gcd(b, a % b);
	}

	static long gcd(long a, long b) {
		if (b == 0)
			return a;
		return gcd(b, a % b);
	}

	static void sort(int[] arr) {
		// shuffle
		Random rand = new Random();
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
			int j = rand.nextInt(i + 1);
			int tmp = arr[i];
			arr[i] = arr[j];
			arr[j] = tmp;
		}
		Arrays.sort(arr);
	}

	static void sort(long[] arr) {
		// shuffle
		Random rand = new Random();
		for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
			int j = rand.nextInt(i + 1);
			long tmp = arr[i];
			arr[i] = arr[j];
			arr[j] = tmp;
		}
		Arrays.sort(arr);
	}

	static boolean isPrime(int n) {
		if (n <= 1)
			return false;
		if (n <= 3)
			return true;
		if (n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0)
			return false;
		double sq = Math.sqrt(n);

		for (int i = 5; i <= sq; i = i + 6)
			if (n % i == 0 || n % (i + 2) == 0)
				return false;
		return true;
	}

	static boolean isPrime(long n) {
		if (n <= 1)
			return false;
		if (n <= 3)
			return true;
		if (n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0)
			return false;
		double sq = Math.sqrt(n);

		for (int i = 5; i <= sq; i = i + 6)
			if (n % i == 0 || n % (i + 2) == 0)
				return false;
		return true;
	}

	static void print_arr(int A[]) {
		for (int i : A) {
			System.out.print(i + " ");
		}
		System.out.println();
	}

	static void print_arr(long A[]) {
		for (long i : A) {
			System.out.print(i + " ");
		}
		System.out.println();
	}

	static int min(int a, int b) {
		return Math.min(a, b);
	}

	static int min(int a, int b, int c) {
		return Math.min(a, Math.min(b, c));
	}

	static int min(int a, int b, int c, int d) {
		return Math.min(a, Math.min(b, Math.min(c, d)));
	}

	static int max(int a, int b) {
		return Math.max(a, b);
	}

	static int max(int a, int b, int c) {
		return Math.max(a, Math.max(b, c));
	}

	static int max(int a, int b, int c, int d) {
		return Math.max(a, Math.max(b, Math.max(c, d)));
	}

	static long min(long a, long b) {
		return Math.min(a, b);
	}

	static long min(long a, long b, long c) {
		return Math.min(a, Math.min(b, c));
	}

	static long min(long a, long b, long c, long d) {
		return Math.min(a, Math.min(b, Math.min(c, d)));
	}

	static long max(long a, long b) {
		return Math.max(a, b);
	}

	static long max(long a, long b, long c) {
		return Math.max(a, Math.max(b, c));
	}

	static long max(long a, long b, long c, long d) {
		return Math.max(a, Math.max(b, Math.max(c, d)));
	}

	static int max(int A[]) {
		int max = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
		for (int i = 0; i < A.length; i++) {
			max = Math.max(max, A[i]);
		}
		return max;
	}

	static int min(int A[]) {
		int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
		for (int i = 0; i < A.length; i++) {
			min = Math.min(min, A[i]);
		}
		return min;
	}

	static long max(long A[]) {
		long max = Long.MIN_VALUE;
		for (int i = 0; i < A.length; i++) {
			max = Math.max(max, A[i]);
		}
		return max;
	}

	static long min(long A[]) {
		long min = Long.MAX_VALUE;
		for (int i = 0; i < A.length; i++) {
			min = Math.min(min, A[i]);
		}
		return min;
	}

	static long sum(int A[]) {
		long sum = 0;
		for (int i : A) {
			sum += i;
		}
		return sum;
	}

	static long sum(long A[]) {
		long sum = 0;
		for (long i : A) {
			sum += i;
		}
		return sum;
	}

	static ArrayList<Integer> sieve(int n) {
		ArrayList<Integer> primes = new ArrayList<>();
		boolean[] isPrime = new boolean[n];
		Arrays.fill(isPrime, true);
		isPrime[0] = isPrime[1] = false;
		for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; i++) {
			if (isPrime[i]) {
				for (int j = i * i; j < n; j += i) {
					isPrime[j] = false;
				}
			}
		}
		for (int i = 2; i < n; i++) {
			if (isPrime[i])
				primes.add(i);
		}
		return primes;
	}

	static class Reader {
		BufferedReader br;
		StringTokenizer st;

		Reader() {
			br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
			st = new StringTokenizer("");
		}

		Reader(File f) throws FileNotFoundException {
			br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(f));
			st = new StringTokenizer("");
		}

		String next() {
			while (!st.hasMoreTokens())
				try {
					st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
				} catch (IOException e) {
				}
			return st.nextToken();
		}

		int ni() {
			return Integer.parseInt(next());
		}

		long nl() {
			return Long.parseLong(next());
		}

		double nextDouble() {
			return Double.parseDouble(next());
		}

		int[] nai(int n) {
			int[] a = new int[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				a[i] = ni();
			return a;
		}

		long[] nal(int n) {
			long[] a = new long[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				a[i] = nl();
			return a;
		}
	}

}