Problem: You are given two positive integers n and k. Print the k-th positive integer that is not divisible by n.

For example, if n=3, and k=7, then all numbers that are not divisible by 3 are: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13 .... The 7-th number among them is 10.

Input

The first line contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases in the input. Next, t test cases are given, one per line.

Each test case is two positive integers n (2 ≤ n ≤ 10^9) and k (1 ≤ k ≤ 10^9).

Output

For each test case print the k-th positive integer that is not divisible by n.

Example

Input


6
3 7
4 12
2 1000000000
7 97
1000000000 1000000000
2 1


Output


10
15
1999999999
113
1000000001
1

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;

/*
        author @ Aditya Aggarwal

        LinkedIn : https://www.linkedin.com/in/aditya7861/

        ' The Dawn does not come twice to awaken the man '

        Never Give Up ... Failure is the biggest success
 */

public class Main {

    static void run(){
        boolean tc = true;
        //AdityaFastIO r = new AdityaFastIO();
        FastReader r = new FastReader();

        try (OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(System.out)) {
            int testcases = tc ? r.ni() : 1;
            // Hold Here Sparky------------------->>>
            // Solution Starts Here

            while (testcases -- > 0){
                out.write((kthNonDivisible(r.nl(), r.nl()) + " ").getBytes());
                out.write(("\n").getBytes());
            }
            // Solution Ends Here
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static long kthNonDivisible(long N,
                                       long K)
    {

        // Lowest possible value
        long L = 1;

        // Highest possible value
        long H = Long.MAX_VALUE;

        // To store the Kth non
        // divisible number of N
        long ans = 0;

        // Using binary search
        while (L <= H)
        {

            // Calculating mid value
            long mid = (L + H)>>1;

            // Sol would have the value
            // by subtracting all
            // multiples of n till mid
            long sol = mid - mid / N;

            // Check if sol is greater than k
            if (sol > K)
            {

                // H should be reduced to find
                // minimum possible value
                H = mid - 1;
            }

            // Check if sol is less than k
            // then L will be mid+1
            else if (sol < K)
            {
                L = mid + 1;
            }

            // Check if sol is equal to k
            else
            {

                // ans will be mid
                ans = mid;

                // H would be reduced to find any
                // more possible value
                H = mid - 1;
            }
        }

        // Print the answer
        return ans;
    }

    static class AdityaFastIO{
        final private int BUFFER_SIZE = 1<<16;
        private final DataInputStream din;
        private final byte[] buffer;
        private int bufferPointer, bytesRead;
        public BufferedReader br;
        public StringTokenizer st;

        public AdityaFastIO() {
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            din = new DataInputStream(System.in);
            buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
            bufferPointer = bytesRead = 0;
        }

        public AdityaFastIO(String file_name) throws IOException {
            din = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file_name));
            buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
            bufferPointer = bytesRead = 0;
        }

        public String word() {
            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) {
                try { st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine()); }
                catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
            }
            return st.nextToken();
        }

        public String line() {
            String str = "";
            try {
                str = br.readLine();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return str;
        }

        public String readLine() throws IOException {
            byte[] buf = new byte[100000001]; // line length
            int cnt = 0, c;
            while ((c = read()) != -1) {
                if (c == '\n') break;
                buf[cnt++] = (byte) c;
            }
            return new String(buf, 0, cnt);
        }

        public int ni() throws IOException {
            int ret = 0;
            byte c = read();
            while (c <= ' ') c = read();
            boolean neg = (c == '-');
            if (neg) c = read();
            do { ret = ret * 10 + c - '0'; }
            while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9');
            if (neg) return -ret;
            return ret;
        }

        public long nl() throws IOException {
            long ret = 0;byte c = read();
            while (c <= ' ') c = read();
            boolean neg = (c == '-');
            if (neg) c = read();
            do { ret = ret * 10 + c - '0'; }
            while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9');
            if (neg) return -ret;return ret;
        }

        public double nd() throws IOException {
            double ret = 0, div = 1;byte c = read();
            while (c <= ' ') c = read();
            boolean neg = (c == '-');
            if (neg) c = read();
            do { ret = ret * 10 + c - '0'; }
            while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9');
            if (c == '.') while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9') ret += (c - '0') / (div *= 10);
            if (neg) return -ret;return ret;
        }

        private void fillBuffer() throws IOException {
            bytesRead = din.read(buffer, bufferPointer = 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
            if (bytesRead == -1) buffer[0] = -1;
        }

        private byte read() throws IOException {
            if (bufferPointer == bytesRead) fillBuffer();
            return buffer[bufferPointer++];
        }

        public void close() throws IOException {
            if (din == null) return;
            din.close();
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] srgs) throws java.lang.Exception {run();}
    static class FastReader {
        BufferedReader br;
        StringTokenizer st;
        public FastReader() { br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); }
        String word() {
            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) {
                try { st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine()); }
                catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
            }
            return st.nextToken();
        }
        String line() {
            String str = "";
            try { str = br.readLine(); }
            catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
            return str;
        }
        int ni() { return Integer.parseInt(word()); }
        long nl() { return Long.parseLong(word()); }
        double nd() { return Double.parseDouble(word()); }
    }

    interface Constants{
        int mod = (int)(1e9+7);
    }

    static int MOD = (int) (1e9 + 7);

    static long powerLL(long x, long n) {
        long result = 1;
        while (n > 0) {
            if (n % 2 == 1) result = result * x % MOD;
            n = n / 2;x = x * x % MOD;
        }
        return result;
    }

    static long powerStrings(int i1, int i2) {
        String sa = String.valueOf(i1);
        String sb = String.valueOf(i2);
        long a = 0, b = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < sa.length(); i++) a = (a * 10 + (sa.charAt(i) - '0')) % MOD;
        for (int i = 0; i < sb.length(); i++) b = (b * 10 + (sb.charAt(i) - '0')) % (MOD - 1);
        return powerLL(a, b);
    }

    static long gcd(long a, long b) { if (a == 0) return b;else return gcd(b % a, a); }
    static long lcm(long a, long b) { return (a * b) / gcd(a, b); }

    static long lower_bound(List<Long> list, long k) {
        int s = 0;
        int e = list.size();
        while (s != e) {
            int mid = (s + e) >> 1;
            if (list.get(mid) < k) s = mid + 1;
            else e = mid;
        }
        if (s == list.size()) return -1;
        return s;
    }

    static int upper_bound(List<Long> list, long k) {
        int s = 0;
        int e = list.size();
        while (s != e) {
            int mid = (s + e) >> 1;
            if (list.get(mid) <= k) s = mid + 1;
            else e = mid;
        }
        if (s == list.size()) return -1; return s;
    }

    static void addEdge(ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> graph, int edge1, int edge2) {
        graph.get(edge1).add(edge2);graph.get(edge2).add(edge1);
    }

    static class Pair<X, Y> {
        public X first;
        public Y second;
        Pair(X first, Y second) { this.first = first;this.second = second; }
        public static <X, Y> Pair<X, Y> of(X a, Y b) { return new Pair<>(a, b); }
        public String toString() { return "(" + first + "," + second + ")"; }
    }

    static boolean isCollectionsSorted(List<Integer> list) {
        if (list.size() == 0 || list.size() == 1) return true;
        for (int i = 1; i < list.size(); i++) if (list.get(i) < list.get(i - 1)) return false;
        return true;
    }
}