Problem: You are given two positive integers n and k. Print the k-th positive integer that is not divisible by n.

For example, if n=3, and k=7, then all numbers that are not divisible by 3 are: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13 .... The 7-th number among them is 10.

Input

The first line contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases in the input. Next, t test cases are given, one per line.

Each test case is two positive integers n (2 ≤ n ≤ 10^9) and k (1 ≤ k ≤ 10^9).

Output

For each test case print the k-th positive integer that is not divisible by n.

Example

Input


6
3 7
4 12
2 1000000000
7 97
1000000000 1000000000
2 1


Output


10
15
1999999999
113
1000000001
1

Solution (in PYTHON):

Solution:
"""Template for Python Competitive Programmers prepared by pa.n.ik and Kabeer seth """

# to use the print and division function of Python3
from __future__ import division, print_function

"""value of mod"""
MOD = 998244353
mod = 10**9 + 7

"""use resource"""
# import resource
# resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_STACK, [0x100000000, resource.RLIM_INFINITY])

"""for factorial"""

# def prepare_factorial():
#     fact = [1]
#     for i in range(1, 2005):
#         fact.append((fact[-1] * i) % mod)
#     ifact = [0] * 2005
#     ifact[2004] = pow(fact[2004], mod - 2, mod)
#     for i in range(2004, 0, -1):
#         ifact[i - 1] = (i * ifact[i]) % mod
#
#     return fact, ifact

"""uncomment next 4 lines while doing recursion based question"""
# import threading
# threading.stack_size(1<<27)
import sys
# sys.setrecursionlimit(10000)


"""uncomment modules according to your need"""
from bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right, insort
# from itertools import repeat
# from math import floor, ceil, sqrt, degrees, atan, pi, log
from heapq import heappop, heapify, heappush
# from random import randint as rn
# from Queue import Queue as Q
# from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque
# from copy import deepcopy
'''
def modinv(n, p):
    return pow(n, p - 2, p)
'''

#
# def ncr(n, r,  fact, ifact):  # for using this uncomment the lines calculating fact and ifact
#     t = (fact[n] * (ifact[r]*ifact[n-r]) % mod)% mod
#     return t



def get_ints(): return map(int, sys.stdin.readline().strip().split())
def get_array(): return list(map(int, sys.stdin.readline().strip().split()))
def input(): return sys.stdin.readline().strip()

"""*****************************************************************************************"""

# def GCD(x, y):
#     while (y):
#         x, y = y, x % y
#     return x
#
# def lcm(x, y):
#     return (x*y)//(GCD(x, y))

# def get_xor(n):
#     return [n,1,n+1,0][n%4]

# def bin_pow(a, b):
#     res = 1
#     while b:
#         if b&1:
#             res = (res * a)
#             b -= 1
#         else:
#             a = (a* a)
#             b>>=1
#
#     return res

""" ********************************************************************************************* """

def main():

    T = int(input())
    while T:
        n, k = get_ints()
        ans = 0
        val = ((k//(n-1))*n) - 1
        if k%(n-1) == 0:
            ans = val
        else:
            ans = val + (k%(n-1) + 1)
        print(ans)
        T-=1

""" -------- Python 2 and 3 footer by Pajenegod and c1729 ---------"""

py2 = round(0.5)
if py2:
    from future_builtins import ascii, filter, hex, map, oct, zip

    range = xrange

import os, sys
from io import IOBase, BytesIO

BUFSIZE = 8192


class FastIO(BytesIO):
    newlines = 0

    def __init__(self, file):
        self._file = file
        self._fd = file.fileno()
        self.writable = "x" in file.mode or "w" in file.mode
        self.write = super(FastIO, self).write if self.writable else None

    def _fill(self):
        s = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
        self.seek((self.tell(), self.seek(0, 2), super(FastIO, self).write(s))[0])
        return s

    def read(self):
        while self._fill(): pass
        return super(FastIO, self).read()

    def readline(self):
        while self.newlines == 0:
            s = self._fill();
            self.newlines = s.count(b"\n") + (not s)
        self.newlines -= 1
        return super(FastIO, self).readline()

    def flush(self):
        if self.writable:
            os.write(self._fd, self.getvalue())
            self.truncate(0), self.seek(0)


class IOWrapper(IOBase):
    def __init__(self, file):
        self.buffer = FastIO(file)
        self.flush = self.buffer.flush
        self.writable = self.buffer.writable
        if py2:
            self.write = self.buffer.write
            self.read = self.buffer.read
            self.readline = self.buffer.readline
        else:
            self.write = lambda s: self.buffer.write(s.encode('ascii'))
            self.read = lambda: self.buffer.read().decode('ascii')
            self.readline = lambda: self.buffer.readline().decode('ascii')


sys.stdin, sys.stdout = IOWrapper(sys.stdin), IOWrapper(sys.stdout)
input = lambda: sys.stdin.readline().rstrip('\r\n')

# sys.stdin = open('input.txt', 'r')
# sys.stdout = open('output.txt', 'w')

""" main function"""

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
    # threading.Thread(target=main).start()