Problem: You are given two positive integers n and k. Print the k-th positive integer that is not divisible by n.

For example, if n=3, and k=7, then all numbers that are not divisible by 3 are: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13 .... The 7-th number among them is 10.

Input

The first line contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases in the input. Next, t test cases are given, one per line.

Each test case is two positive integers n (2 ≤ n ≤ 10^9) and k (1 ≤ k ≤ 10^9).

Output

For each test case print the k-th positive integer that is not divisible by n.

Example

Input


6
3 7
4 12
2 1000000000
7 97
1000000000 1000000000
2 1


Output


10
15
1999999999
113
1000000001
1

Solution (in PYTHON3):

Solution:
import sys
# from collections import deque
# from collections import Counter
# from math import sqrt
# from math import log
# from math import ceil

# def gcd(a, b):
# 	if(a==0):
# 		return b 
# 	return gcd(b%a,a)

# def sieve(n): 
# 	prime=[True for i in range(n+1)]
# 	p=2
# 	while(p*p<=n): 
# 		if (prime[p]==True): 
# 			for i in range(p*p,n+1,p): 
# 				prime[i]=False
# 		p+=1
# 	prime[0]=False
# 	prime[1]=False
# 	s=set()
# 	for i in range(len(prime)):
# 		if(prime[i]):
# 		s.add(i)
# 	return s 

# alpha=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z']
# mod=10**9+7

fast_reader=sys.stdin.readline
fast_writer=sys.stdout.write

def input():
	return fast_reader().strip()

def print(*argv):
	fast_writer(' '.join((str(i)) for i in argv))
	fast_writer('\n')

def list_input():
	return list(map(int, input().split()))

def sep_input():
	return map(int, input().split())

#_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

for _ in range(int(input())):
	a,b=sep_input()
	print(b+((b-1)//(a-1)))