Problem: This is an interactive problem.

Little Dormi was faced with an awkward problem at the carnival: he has to guess the edges of an unweighted tree of n nodes! The nodes of the tree are numbered from 1 to n.

The game master only allows him to ask one type of question:

  * Little Dormi picks a node r (1 ≤ r ≤ n), and the game master will reply with an array d_1, d_2, …, d_n, where d_i is the length of the shortest path from node r to i, for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n.



Additionally, to make the game unfair challenge Little Dormi the game master will allow at most ⌈n/2⌉ questions, where ⌈ x ⌉ denotes the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.

Faced with the stomach-churning possibility of not being able to guess the tree, Little Dormi needs your help to devise a winning strategy!

Note that the game master creates the tree before the game starts, and does not change it during the game.

Input

The first line of input contains the integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 000), the number of nodes in the tree.

You will then begin interaction.

Output

When your program has found the tree, first output a line consisting of a single "!" followed by n-1 lines each with two space separated integers a and b, denoting an edge connecting nodes a and b (1 ≤ a, b ≤ n). Once you are done, terminate your program normally immediately after flushing the output stream.

You may output the edges in any order and an edge (a,b) is considered the same as an edge (b,a). Answering is not considered as a query.

Interaction

After taking input, you may make at most ⌈n/2⌉ queries. Each query is made in the format "? r", where r is an integer 1 ≤ r ≤ n that denotes the node you want to pick for that query.

You will then receive n space separated integers d_1, d_2, …, d_n, where d_i is the length of the shortest path from node r to i, followed by a newline.

After printing a query do not forget to output end of line and flush the output. Otherwise, you will get Idleness limit exceeded. To do this, use:

  * fflush(stdout) or cout.flush() in C++; 
  * System.out.flush() in Java; 
  * flush(output) in Pascal; 
  * stdout.flush() in Python; 
  * see documentation for other languages. 



If at any point you make an invalid query or try to make more than ⌈ n/2 ⌉ queries, the interaction will terminate immediately and you will receive a Wrong Answer verdict.

Hacks

To hack a solution, use the following format.

The first line contains the integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 000).

The next n−1 lines contain two integers u and v (1 ≤ u,v ≤ n) denoting an edge between u and v (u ≠ v). These n-1 edges must form a tree.

Examples

Input


4

0 1 2 2

1 0 1 1

Output


? 1

? 2

!
4 2
1 2
2 3


Input


5

2 2 1 1 0


Output


? 5

!
4 5
3 5
2 4
1 3

Note

Here is the tree from the first example.

<image>

Notice that the edges can be output in any order.

Additionally, here are the answers for querying every single node in example 1:

  * 1: [0,1,2,2] 
  * 2: [1,0,1,1] 
  * 3: [2,1,0,2] 
  * 4: [2,1,2,0]



Below is the tree from the second example interaction.

<image>

Lastly, here are the answers for querying every single node in example 2:

  * 1: [0,4,1,3,2] 
  * 2: [4,0,3,1,2] 
  * 3: [1,3,0,2,1] 
  * 4: [3,1,2,0,1] 
  * 5: [2,2,1,1,0]

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
/*
    Solution Created: 20:01:36 13/06/2021
    Custom Competitive programming helper.
*/

public class Main {
	static int n;
	static ArrayList<Integer> edges = new ArrayList<>();
	public static void solve() {
		n = in.nextInt();
		ArrayList<Integer> toAsk = new ArrayList<>();
		int[] e = ask(1);
		int odd = 0, even = 0;
		for(int to = 1; to<=n; to++) {
			if(e[to-1]%2==0) even++;
			else odd++;
		}
		boolean useEven = even<=odd;
		
		for(int to = 1; to<=n; to++) {
			if(useEven && e[to-1]==1) {
				addEdge(1, to);
			}
			if(e[to-1]%2==0 && useEven && e[to-1]>0) {
				toAsk.add(to);
			}else if(e[to-1]%2==1 && (!useEven)) {
				toAsk.add(to);
			}
		}
		for(int from : toAsk) {
			e = ask(from);
			for(int j = 1; j<=n; j++) {
				if(e[j-1]==1) addEdge(from, j);
			}
		}
		out.println("!");
		for(int i = 0; i<edges.size(); i+=2) {
			out.println(edges.get(i)+" "+edges.get(i+1));
		}
		out.flush();
	}
	public static void addEdge(int a, int b) {
		edges.add(a);
		edges.add(b);
	}
	public static int[] ask(int i) {
		out.println("? "+i);
		out.flush();
		return in.na(n);
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		in = new Reader();
		out = new Writer();
		int t = 1;
		while(t-->0) solve();
		out.exit();
	}
	static Reader in; static Writer out;

static class Reader {
	static BufferedReader br;
	static StringTokenizer st;
	
	public Reader() {
		this.br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
	}
	
	public Reader(String f){
		try {
			this.br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(f));
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	public int[] na(int n) {
		int[] a = new int[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = nextInt();
		return a;
	}

	public double[] nd(int n) {
		double[] a = new double[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = nextDouble();
		return a;
	}
	
	public long[] nl(int n) {
		long[] a = new long[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = nextLong();
		return a;
	}

	public char[] nca() {
		return next().toCharArray();
	}

	public String[] ns(int n) {
		String[] a = new String[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = next();
		return a;
	}

	public int nextInt() {
		ensureNext();
		return Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());
	}

	public double nextDouble() {
		ensureNext();
		return Double.parseDouble(st.nextToken());
	}

	public Long nextLong() {
		ensureNext();
		return Long.parseLong(st.nextToken());
	}

	public String next() {
		ensureNext();
		return st.nextToken();
	}
	
	public String nextLine() {
		try {
			return br.readLine();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			return null;
		}
	}
	
	private void ensureNext() {
		if (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens()) {
			try {
				st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

static class Util{
		private static Random random = new Random();
		static long[] fact;
		
		public static void initFactorial(int n, long mod) {
			fact = new long[n+1];
			fact[0] = 1;
			for (int i = 1; i < n+1; i++) fact[i] = (fact[i - 1] * i) % mod;
		}
		
		public static long modInverse(long a, long MOD) {
			long[] gcdE = gcdExtended(a, MOD);
			if (gcdE[0] != 1) return -1; // Inverted doesn't exist
			long x = gcdE[1];
			return (x % MOD + MOD) % MOD;
		}
		
		public static long[] gcdExtended(long p, long q) {
			if (q == 0) return new long[] { p, 1, 0 };
			long[] vals = gcdExtended(q, p % q);
			long tmp = vals[2];
			vals[2] = vals[1] - (p / q) * vals[2];
			vals[1] = tmp;
			return vals;
		}
		
		public static long nCr(int n, int r, long MOD) {
			if (r == 0) return 1;
			return (fact[n] * modInverse(fact[r], MOD) % MOD * modInverse(fact[n - r], MOD) % MOD) % MOD;
		}
		
		public static long nCr(int n, int r) {
			return (fact[n]/fact[r])/fact[n-r];
		}
		
		public static long nPr(int n, int r, long MOD) {
			if (r == 0) return 1;
			return (fact[n] * modInverse(fact[n - r], MOD) % MOD) % MOD;
		}
		public static long nPr(int n, int r) {
			return fact[n]/fact[n-r];
		}
		
		public static boolean isPrime(int n) { 
	        if (n <= 1) return false; 
	        if (n <= 3) return true; 
	        if (n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0) return false; 
	        for (int i = 5; i * i <= n; i = i + 6) 
	            if (n % i == 0 || n % (i + 2) == 0) 
	            return false; 
	        return true; 
	    }
		
	    public static boolean[] getSieve(int n) {
	        boolean[] isPrime = new boolean[n+1];
	        for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) isPrime[i] = true;
	        for (int i = 2; i*i <= n; i++) if (isPrime[i]) 
	                for (int j = i; i*j <= n; j++) isPrime[i*j] = false;
	        return isPrime;
	    }
	    
	    public static int gcd(int a, int b) { 
	    	int tmp = 0;
	    	while(b != 0) {
	    		tmp = b;
	    		b = a%b;
	    		a = tmp;
	    	}
	    	return a;
	    }
	    
	    public static long gcd(long a, long b) { 
	    	long tmp = 0;
	    	while(b != 0) {
	    		tmp = b;
	    		b = a%b;
	    		a = tmp;
	    	}
	    	return a;
	    }
	    
	    public static int random(int min, int max) {
	    	return random.nextInt(max-min+1)+min;
	    }
	    
		public static void dbg(Object... o) { 
			System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(o)); 
		}
		
		public static void reverse(int[] s, int l , int r) {
			for(int i = l; i<=(l+r)/2; i++) {
				int tmp = s[i];
				s[i] = s[r+l-i];
				s[r+l-i] = tmp;
			}
	    }
		
		public static void reverse(int[] s) {
			reverse(s, 0, s.length-1);
	    }
		
		public static void reverse(long[] s, int l , int r) {
			for(int i = l; i<=(l+r)/2; i++) {
				long tmp = s[i];
				s[i] = s[r+l-i];
				s[r+l-i] = tmp;
			}
	    }
		
		public static void reverse(long[] s) {
			reverse(s, 0, s.length-1);
	    }
		
		public static void reverse(float[] s, int l , int r) {
			for(int i = l; i<=(l+r)/2; i++) {
				float tmp = s[i];
				s[i] = s[r+l-i];
				s[r+l-i] = tmp;
			}
	    }
		
		public static void reverse(float[] s) {
			reverse(s, 0, s.length-1);
	    }
		
		public static void reverse(double[] s, int l , int r) {
			for(int i = l; i<=(l+r)/2; i++) {
				double tmp = s[i];
				s[i] = s[r+l-i];
				s[r+l-i] = tmp;
			}
	    }
		
		public static void reverse(double[] s) {
			reverse(s, 0, s.length-1);
	    }
		
		public static void reverse(char[] s, int l , int r) {
			for(int i = l; i<=(l+r)/2; i++) {
				char tmp = s[i];
				s[i] = s[r+l-i];
				s[r+l-i] = tmp;
			}
	    }
		
		public static void reverse(char[] s) {
			reverse(s, 0, s.length-1);
	    }
		
		public static <T> void reverse(T[] s, int l , int r) {
			for(int i = l; i<=(l+r)/2; i++) {
				T tmp = s[i];
				s[i] = s[r+l-i];
				s[r+l-i] = tmp;
			}
	    }
		
		public static <T> void reverse(T[] s) {
			reverse(s, 0, s.length-1);
	    }
		
		public static void shuffle(int[] s) {
	        for (int i = 0; i < s.length; ++i) {
	            int j = random.nextInt(i + 1);
	            int t = s[i];
	            s[i] = s[j];
	            s[j] = t;
	        }
	    }
		
	    public static void shuffle(long[] s) {
	        for (int i = 0; i < s.length; ++i) {
	            int j = random.nextInt(i + 1);
	            long t = s[i];
	            s[i] = s[j];
	            s[j] = t;
	        }
	    }
	    
	    public static void shuffle(float[] s) {
	        for (int i = 0; i < s.length; ++i) {
	            int j = random.nextInt(i + 1);
	            float t = s[i];
	            s[i] = s[j];
	            s[j] = t;
	        }
	    }
	    
	    public static void shuffle(double[] s) {
	        for (int i = 0; i < s.length; ++i) {
	            int j = random.nextInt(i + 1);
	            double t = s[i];
	            s[i] = s[j];
	            s[j] = t;
	        }
	    }
	    
	    public static void shuffle(char[] s) {
	        for (int i = 0; i < s.length; ++i) {
	            int j = random.nextInt(i + 1);
	            char t = s[i];
	            s[i] = s[j];
	            s[j] = t;
	        }
	    }
	    
	    public static <T> void shuffle(T[] s) {
	        for (int i = 0; i < s.length; ++i) {
	            int j = random.nextInt(i + 1);
	            T t = s[i];
	            s[i] = s[j];
	            s[j] = t;
	        }
	    }
	    
		public static void sortArray(int[] a) {
	        shuffle(a);
	        Arrays.sort(a);
	    }
		
		public static void sortArray(long[] a) {
			shuffle(a);
	        Arrays.sort(a);
	    }
		
		public static void sortArray(float[] a) {
			shuffle(a);
	        Arrays.sort(a);
	    }
		
		public static void sortArray(double[] a) {
			shuffle(a);
	        Arrays.sort(a);
	    }
		
		public static void sortArray(char[] a) {
			shuffle(a);
	        Arrays.sort(a);
	    }
		
		public static <T extends Comparable<T>> void sortArray(T[] a) {
	        Arrays.sort(a);
	    }
	}

static class Writer {
	private PrintWriter pw;
	public Writer(){
		pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
	}
	
	public Writer(String f){
		try {
			pw = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(f));
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	public void printArray(int[] a) {
		for(int i = 0; i<a.length; i++) print(a[i]+" ");
	}
	
	public void printlnArray(int[] a) {
		for(int i = 0; i<a.length; i++) print(a[i]+" ");
		pw.println();
	}
	
	public void printArray(long[] a) {
		for(int i = 0; i<a.length; i++) print(a[i]+" ");
	}
	
	public void printlnArray(long[] a) {
		for(int i = 0; i<a.length; i++) print(a[i]+" ");
		pw.println();
	}
	
	public void print(Object o) {
		pw.print(o.toString());
	}
	
	public void println(Object o) {
		pw.println(o.toString());
	}
	
	public void println() {
		pw.println();
	}
	
	public void flush() {
		pw.flush();
	}
	public void exit() {
		pw.close();
	}
}
}