Problem: Boboniu likes playing chess with his employees. As we know, no employee can beat the boss in the chess game, so Boboniu has never lost in any round.

You are a new applicant for his company. Boboniu will test you with the following chess question:

Consider a n× m grid (rows are numbered from 1 to n, and columns are numbered from 1 to m). You have a chess piece, and it stands at some cell (S_x,S_y) which is not on the border (i.e. 2 ≤ S_x ≤ n-1 and 2 ≤ S_y ≤ m-1).

From the cell (x,y), you can move your chess piece to (x,y') (1≤ y'≤ m, y' ≠ y) or (x',y) (1≤ x'≤ n, x'≠ x). In other words, the chess piece moves as a rook. From the cell, you can move to any cell on the same row or column.

Your goal is to visit each cell exactly once. Can you find a solution?

Note that cells on the path between two adjacent cells in your route are not counted as visited, and it is not required to return to the starting point.

Input

The only line of the input contains four integers n, m, S_x and S_y (3≤ n,m≤ 100, 2 ≤ S_x ≤ n-1, 2 ≤ S_y ≤ m-1) — the number of rows, the number of columns, and the initial position of your chess piece, respectively.

Output

You should print n⋅ m lines.

The i-th line should contain two integers x_i and y_i (1 ≤ x_i ≤ n, 1 ≤ y_i ≤ m), denoting the i-th cell that you visited. You should print exactly nm pairs (x_i, y_i), they should cover all possible pairs (x_i, y_i), such that 1 ≤ x_i ≤ n, 1 ≤ y_i ≤ m.

We can show that under these constraints there always exists a solution. If there are multiple answers, print any.

Examples

Input


3 3 2 2


Output


2 2
1 2
1 3
2 3
3 3
3 2
3 1
2 1
1 1


Input


3 4 2 2


Output


2 2
2 1
2 3
2 4
1 4
3 4
3 3
3 2
3 1
1 1
1 2
1 3

Note

Possible routes for two examples:

<image>

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:

import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;

public class Main
{
    
	public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception
	{
		FastReader sc =new FastReader();
		
	   // int t=sc.nextInt();
	    
	    int t=1;
	    
	    while(t-->0)
	    {
	        int n=sc.nextInt();
	        int m=sc.nextInt();
	        int x=sc.nextInt();
	        int y=sc.nextInt();
	        
	        
	        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
	        {
	            if(i%2!=0)
	            {
	                for(int j=1;j<=m;j++)
	                {
	                    System.out.println((i+x-2)%n+1 + " " + ((j+y-2)%m+1));
	                }
	            }
	            else
	            {
	                for(int j=m;j>=1;j--)
	                {
	                    System.out.println((i+x-2)%n+1 + " " + ((j+y-2)%m+1));
	                }
	            }
	        }
	        
	    }
	    
	}
	
	
	
	static class FastReader {
        BufferedReader br;
        StringTokenizer st;
 
        public FastReader()
        {
            br = new BufferedReader(
                new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        }
 
        String next()
        {
            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) {
                try {
                    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
                }
                catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return st.nextToken();
        }
 
        int nextInt() { return Integer.parseInt(next()); }
 
        long nextLong() { return Long.parseLong(next()); }
 
        double nextDouble()
        {
            return Double.parseDouble(next());
        }
        
        float nextFloat()
        {
            return Float.parseFloat(next());
        }
 
        String nextLine()
        {
            String str = "";
            try {
                str = br.readLine();
            }
            catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return str;
        }
        
        int[] readArray(int n) {
			int[] a=new int[n];
			for (int i=0; i<n; i++) a[i]=nextInt();
			return a;
		}
		
		long[] readArrayLong(int n) {
			long[] a=new long[n];
			for (int i=0; i<n; i++) a[i]=nextLong();
			return a;
		}
		
    }
    
    public static int[] radixSort2(int[] a)
	{
		int n = a.length;
		int[] c0 = new int[0x101];
		int[] c1 = new int[0x101];
		int[] c2 = new int[0x101];
		int[] c3 = new int[0x101];
		for(int v : a) {
			c0[(v&0xff)+1]++;
			c1[(v>>>8&0xff)+1]++;
			c2[(v>>>16&0xff)+1]++;
			c3[(v>>>24^0x80)+1]++;
		}
		for(int i = 0;i < 0xff;i++) {
			c0[i+1] += c0[i];
			c1[i+1] += c1[i];
			c2[i+1] += c2[i];
			c3[i+1] += c3[i];
		}
		int[] t = new int[n];
		for(int v : a)t[c0[v&0xff]++] = v;
		for(int v : t)a[c1[v>>>8&0xff]++] = v;
		for(int v : a)t[c2[v>>>16&0xff]++] = v;
		for(int v : t)a[c3[v>>>24^0x80]++] = v;
		return a;
	}
    
    static boolean isPalindrome(String str)
    {
 
        // Pointers pointing to the beginning
        // and the end of the string
        int i = 0, j = str.length() - 1;
 
        // While there are characters to compare
        while (i < j) {
 
            // If there is a mismatch
            if (str.charAt(i) != str.charAt(j))
                return false;
 
            // Increment first pointer and
            // decrement the other
            i++;
            j--;
        }
 
        // Given string is a palindrome
        return true;
    }
    
    static boolean palindrome_array(int arr[], int n)
    {
        // Initialise flag to zero.
        int flag = 0;
 
        // Loop till array size n/2.
        for (int i = 0; i <= n / 2 && n != 0; i++) {
 
            // Check if first and last element are different
            // Then set flag to 1.
            if (arr[i] != arr[n - i - 1]) {
                flag = 1;
                break;
            }
        }
 
        // If flag is set then print Not Palindrome
        // else print Palindrome.
        if (flag == 1)
            return false;
        else
            return true;
    }
    
	static boolean allElementsEqual(int[] arr,int n)
	{
	    int z=0;
	        for(int i=0;i<n-1;i++)
		    {
		        if(arr[i]==arr[i+1])
		        {
		            z++;
		        }
		    }
		    if(z==n-1)
		    {
		        return true;
		    }
		    else
		    {
		        return false;
		    }
		    
	}
	
	static boolean allElementsDistinct(int[] arr,int n)
	{
	    int z=0;
	        for(int i=0;i<n-1;i++)
		    {
		        if(arr[i]!=arr[i+1])
		        {
		            z++;
		        }
		    }
		    if(z==n-1)
		    {
		        return true;
		    }
		    else
		    {
		        return false;
		    }
		    
		    
	}
	
	public static void reverse(int[] array)
    {
  
        // Length of the array
        int n = array.length;
  
        // Swaping the first half elements with last half
        // elements
        for (int i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) {
  
            // Storing the first half elements temporarily
            int temp = array[i];
  
            // Assigning the first half to the last half
            array[i] = array[n - i - 1];
  
            // Assigning the last half to the first half
            array[n - i - 1] = temp;
        }
    }
    
    public static void reverse_Long(long[] array)
    {
  
        // Length of the array
        int n = array.length;
  
        // Swaping the first half elements with last half
        // elements
        for (int i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) {
  
            // Storing the first half elements temporarily
            long temp = array[i];
  
            // Assigning the first half to the last half
            array[i] = array[n - i - 1];
  
            // Assigning the last half to the first half
            array[n - i - 1] = temp;
        }
    }
	
	static boolean isSorted(int[] a)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length - 1; i++)
        {
            if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
                return false;
            }
        }
 
        return true;
    }
    
    static boolean isReverseSorted(int[] a)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length - 1; i++)
        {
            if (a[i] < a[i + 1]) {
                return false;
            }
        }
 
        return true;
    }
    
    static int[] rearrangeEvenAndOdd(int arr[], int n)
    {
        ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
		    
		    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
		    {
		        if(arr[i]%2==0)
		        {
		            list.add(arr[i]);
		        }
		    }
		    
		    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
		    {
		        if(arr[i]%2!=0)
		        {
		            list.add(arr[i]);
		        }
		    }
		    int len = list.size();
		    int[] array = list.stream().mapToInt(i->i).toArray();
		    return array;
    }
    
    static long[] rearrangeEvenAndOddLong(long arr[], int n)
    {
        ArrayList<Long> list = new ArrayList<>();
		    
		    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
		    {
		        if(arr[i]%2==0)
		        {
		            list.add(arr[i]);
		        }
		    }
		    
		    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
		    {
		        if(arr[i]%2!=0)
		        {
		            list.add(arr[i]);
		        }
		    }
		    int len = list.size();
		    long[] array = list.stream().mapToLong(i->i).toArray();
		    return array;
    }
	
	
    
    static boolean isPrime(long n)
    {
 
        // Check if number is less than
        // equal to 1
        if (n <= 1)
            return false;
 
        // Check if number is 2
        else if (n == 2)
            return true;
 
        // Check if n is a multiple of 2
        else if (n % 2 == 0)
            return false;
 
        // If not, then just check the odds
        for (long i = 3; i <= Math.sqrt(n); i += 2)
        {
            if (n % i == 0)
                return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
    
    static int getSum(int n)
    {    
        int sum = 0;
          
        while (n != 0)
        {
            sum = sum + n % 10;
            n = n/10;
        }
      
    return sum;
    }
    
    static int gcd(int a, int b)
    {
      if (b == 0)
        return a;
      return gcd(b, a % b);
    }
     
    static long gcdLong(long a, long b)
    {
        if (b == 0)
        return a;
      return gcdLong(b, a % b);
    }
    
    static void swap(int[] arr, int i, int j)
    {
        int temp = arr[i];
        arr[i] = arr[j];
        arr[j] = temp;
    }
	
	static int countDigit(long n)
    {
        return (int)Math.floor(Math.log10(n) + 1);
    }
	
}