Problem: You are given two positive integers n and k. Print the k-th positive integer that is not divisible by n.

For example, if n=3, and k=7, then all numbers that are not divisible by 3 are: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13 .... The 7-th number among them is 10.

Input

The first line contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases in the input. Next, t test cases are given, one per line.

Each test case is two positive integers n (2 ≤ n ≤ 10^9) and k (1 ≤ k ≤ 10^9).

Output

For each test case print the k-th positive integer that is not divisible by n.

Example

Input


6
3 7
4 12
2 1000000000
7 97
1000000000 1000000000
2 1


Output


10
15
1999999999
113
1000000001
1

Solution (in PYTHON3):

Solution:
from sys import stdin, stdout
import math,sys
from itertools import permutations, combinations
from collections import defaultdict,deque,OrderedDict
import bisect as bi
import heapq 

'''
#------------------PYPY FAst I/o--------------------------------#
 
def I():return (int(stdin.readline()))
def In():return(map(int,stdin.readline().split()))
'''
#------------------Sublime--------------------------------------#
 
#sys.stdin=open('input.txt','r');sys.stdout=open('output.txt','w');
def I():return (int(input()))
def In():return(map(int,input().split()))

def main():
    try:
        n,k=In()
        if k%(n-1)!=0:
            t=(n*(k//(n-1))+(k%(n-1)))
        else:
            t=(n*(k//(n-1))+(k%(n-1)))-1
        print(t)
        
    except:
        pass
        
M = 998244353
P = 1000000007
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    for y in range(I()):
        main()