Problem: This is an interactive problem.

Little Dormi was faced with an awkward problem at the carnival: he has to guess the edges of an unweighted tree of n nodes! The nodes of the tree are numbered from 1 to n.

The game master only allows him to ask one type of question:

  * Little Dormi picks a node r (1 ≤ r ≤ n), and the game master will reply with an array d_1, d_2, …, d_n, where d_i is the length of the shortest path from node r to i, for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n.



Additionally, to make the game unfair challenge Little Dormi the game master will allow at most ⌈n/2⌉ questions, where ⌈ x ⌉ denotes the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.

Faced with the stomach-churning possibility of not being able to guess the tree, Little Dormi needs your help to devise a winning strategy!

Note that the game master creates the tree before the game starts, and does not change it during the game.

Input

The first line of input contains the integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 000), the number of nodes in the tree.

You will then begin interaction.

Output

When your program has found the tree, first output a line consisting of a single "!" followed by n-1 lines each with two space separated integers a and b, denoting an edge connecting nodes a and b (1 ≤ a, b ≤ n). Once you are done, terminate your program normally immediately after flushing the output stream.

You may output the edges in any order and an edge (a,b) is considered the same as an edge (b,a). Answering is not considered as a query.

Interaction

After taking input, you may make at most ⌈n/2⌉ queries. Each query is made in the format "? r", where r is an integer 1 ≤ r ≤ n that denotes the node you want to pick for that query.

You will then receive n space separated integers d_1, d_2, …, d_n, where d_i is the length of the shortest path from node r to i, followed by a newline.

After printing a query do not forget to output end of line and flush the output. Otherwise, you will get Idleness limit exceeded. To do this, use:

  * fflush(stdout) or cout.flush() in C++; 
  * System.out.flush() in Java; 
  * flush(output) in Pascal; 
  * stdout.flush() in Python; 
  * see documentation for other languages. 



If at any point you make an invalid query or try to make more than ⌈ n/2 ⌉ queries, the interaction will terminate immediately and you will receive a Wrong Answer verdict.

Hacks

To hack a solution, use the following format.

The first line contains the integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 000).

The next n−1 lines contain two integers u and v (1 ≤ u,v ≤ n) denoting an edge between u and v (u ≠ v). These n-1 edges must form a tree.

Examples

Input


4

0 1 2 2

1 0 1 1

Output


? 1

? 2

!
4 2
1 2
2 3


Input


5

2 2 1 1 0


Output


? 5

!
4 5
3 5
2 4
1 3

Note

Here is the tree from the first example.

<image>

Notice that the edges can be output in any order.

Additionally, here are the answers for querying every single node in example 1:

  * 1: [0,1,2,2] 
  * 2: [1,0,1,1] 
  * 3: [2,1,0,2] 
  * 4: [2,1,2,0]



Below is the tree from the second example interaction.

<image>

Lastly, here are the answers for querying every single node in example 2:

  * 1: [0,4,1,3,2] 
  * 2: [4,0,3,1,2] 
  * 3: [1,3,0,2,1] 
  * 4: [3,1,2,0,1] 
  * 5: [2,2,1,1,0]

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.util.*;import java.io.*;import java.math.*;
public class CF1534D
{
    static boolean memory = true;
    static long mod = 998244353;
    static long MOD = 1000000007; 
    
    static void ruffleSort(int[] a) {
        int n = a.length;
        ArrayList<Integer> lst = new ArrayList<>();
        for(int i : a)
            lst.add(i);
        Collections.sort(lst);
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            a[i] = lst.get(i);
    }

    static void ruffleSort(long[] a) {
        int n = a.length; 
        ArrayList<Long> lst = new ArrayList<>();
        for(long i : a)
            lst.add(i);
        Collections.sort(lst);
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            a[i] = lst.get(i);
    }

    public static void process()throws IOException
    {
        int n = ni();
        if(n == 2){
            pn("!");
            pn(1+" "+2);
            return;
        }
        pni("? "+1);
        int[] a = new int[n];
        int[] arr = nai(n);
        for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            a[i] = arr[i]%2;
        int red = 0, white = 0;
        for(int i : a){
            if(i%2 == 0)
                red++;
            else
                white++;
        }
        ArrayList<Node> list = new ArrayList<>();
        int col = 0;
        if(white < red)
            col = 1;
        else{
            for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
                if(arr[i] == 1)
                    list.add(new Node(1, i+1));
            }
        }
        for(int i = (col == 1)?0:1; i < n; i++){
            if(a[i] == col){
                pni("? "+(i+1));
                arr = nai(n);
                for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
                    if(arr[j] == 1)
                        list.add(new Node(i+1, j+1));
                }
            }
        }
        pn("!");
        for(Node nd : list)
            pn(nd.u+" "+nd.v);
    }

    static class Node{
        int u, v;
        Node(int a, int b){
            u = a;
            v = b;
        }
    }
   
    static AnotherReader sc;
    static PrintWriter out;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        if(memory)new Thread(null, new Runnable() {public void run(){try{new CF1534D().run();}catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();System.exit(1);}}}, "1", 1 << 28).start();
        else new CF1534D().run();
    }

    void run()throws Exception
    {
        boolean oj = System.getProperty("ONLINE_JUDGE") != null;
        if(oj){sc=new AnotherReader();out=new PrintWriter(System.out);}
        else{sc=new AnotherReader(100);out=new PrintWriter("output.txt");}
        long s = System.currentTimeMillis();
        int t=1;
        //t=ni();
        //int k = t;
        while(t-->0) {/*p("Case #"+ (k-t) + ": ")*/;process();}
        out.flush();
        System.err.println(System.currentTimeMillis()-s+"ms");
        out.close();
    }

    static long power(long k, long c, long mod){
        long y = 1;
        while(c > 0){
            if(c%2 == 1)
                y = y * k % mod;
            c = c/2;
            k = k * k % mod;
        }
        return y;
    }

    static int power(int x, int y, int p){ 
        int res = 1;
        x = x % p;
        while (y > 0) {
            if (y % 2 == 1)
                res = (res * x) % p;
            y = y >> 1;
            x = (x * x) % p;
        }
        return res;
    }

    static int log2(int N)
    {
        int result = (int)(Math.log(N) / Math.log(2));
        return result;
    }

 
    static void pn(Object o){out.println(o);}
    static void pn(int[] a){for(int i : a)out.print(i+" ");pn("");}
    static void pn(long[] a){for(long i : a)out.print(i+" ");pn("");}
    static void p(Object o){out.print(o);}
    static void YES(){out.println("YES");}
    static void NO(){out.println("NO");}
    static void yes(){out.println("yes");}
    static void no(){out.println("no");}
    static void p(int[] a){for(int i : a)out.print(i+" ");}
    static void p(long[] a){for(long i : a)out.print(i+" ");}
    static void pni(Object o){out.println(o);out.flush();}
    static int ni()throws IOException{return sc.nextInt();}
    static long nl()throws IOException{return sc.nextLong();}
    static double nd()throws IOException{return sc.nextDouble();}
    static String nln()throws IOException{return sc.nextLine();}
    static String ns()throws IOException{return sc.next();}
    static int[] nai(int N)throws IOException{int[]A=new int[N];for(int i=0;i!=N;i++){A[i]=ni();}return A;}
    static long[] nal(int N)throws IOException{long[]A=new long[N];for(int i=0;i!=N;i++){A[i]=nl();}return A;}
    static long gcd(long a, long b)throws IOException{return (b==0)?a:gcd(b,a%b);}
    static int gcd(int a, int b)throws IOException{return (b==0)?a:gcd(b,a%b);}
    static int bit(long n)throws IOException{return (n==0)?0:(1+bit(n&(n-1)));}
    
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
    static class AnotherReader{BufferedReader br; StringTokenizer st;
    AnotherReader()throws FileNotFoundException{
    br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));}
    AnotherReader(int a)throws FileNotFoundException{
    br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("input.txt"));}
    String next()throws IOException{
    while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) {try{
    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());}
    catch (IOException  e){ e.printStackTrace(); }}
    return st.nextToken(); } int nextInt() throws IOException{
    return Integer.parseInt(next());}
    long nextLong() throws IOException
    {return Long.parseLong(next());}
    double nextDouble()throws IOException { return Double.parseDouble(next()); }
    String nextLine() throws IOException{ String str = ""; try{
    str = br.readLine();} catch (IOException e){
    e.printStackTrace();} return str;}}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
}