Problem: You are given two positive integers n and k. Print the k-th positive integer that is not divisible by n.

For example, if n=3, and k=7, then all numbers that are not divisible by 3 are: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13 .... The 7-th number among them is 10.

Input

The first line contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases in the input. Next, t test cases are given, one per line.

Each test case is two positive integers n (2 ≤ n ≤ 10^9) and k (1 ≤ k ≤ 10^9).

Output

For each test case print the k-th positive integer that is not divisible by n.

Example

Input


6
3 7
4 12
2 1000000000
7 97
1000000000 1000000000
2 1


Output


10
15
1999999999
113
1000000001
1

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.util.*;
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int t,c,m=0,a,b,T=sc.nextInt();

        StringBuilder st=new StringBuilder();
        while (T-->0){
            a=sc.nextInt();b=sc.nextInt();
            c=b;m=0;
            while (b+m>=a){

                c+=(b+m)/a;
             b+=m;

                m=b%a;
                b/=a;

            }

     st.append(c+"\n");

        }
        System.out.print(st);
    }}