Problem: Boboniu likes playing chess with his employees. As we know, no employee can beat the boss in the chess game, so Boboniu has never lost in any round.

You are a new applicant for his company. Boboniu will test you with the following chess question:

Consider a n× m grid (rows are numbered from 1 to n, and columns are numbered from 1 to m). You have a chess piece, and it stands at some cell (S_x,S_y) which is not on the border (i.e. 2 ≤ S_x ≤ n-1 and 2 ≤ S_y ≤ m-1).

From the cell (x,y), you can move your chess piece to (x,y') (1≤ y'≤ m, y' ≠ y) or (x',y) (1≤ x'≤ n, x'≠ x). In other words, the chess piece moves as a rook. From the cell, you can move to any cell on the same row or column.

Your goal is to visit each cell exactly once. Can you find a solution?

Note that cells on the path between two adjacent cells in your route are not counted as visited, and it is not required to return to the starting point.

Input

The only line of the input contains four integers n, m, S_x and S_y (3≤ n,m≤ 100, 2 ≤ S_x ≤ n-1, 2 ≤ S_y ≤ m-1) — the number of rows, the number of columns, and the initial position of your chess piece, respectively.

Output

You should print n⋅ m lines.

The i-th line should contain two integers x_i and y_i (1 ≤ x_i ≤ n, 1 ≤ y_i ≤ m), denoting the i-th cell that you visited. You should print exactly nm pairs (x_i, y_i), they should cover all possible pairs (x_i, y_i), such that 1 ≤ x_i ≤ n, 1 ≤ y_i ≤ m.

We can show that under these constraints there always exists a solution. If there are multiple answers, print any.

Examples

Input


3 3 2 2


Output


2 2
1 2
1 3
2 3
3 3
3 2
3 1
2 1
1 1


Input


3 4 2 2


Output


2 2
2 1
2 3
2 4
1 4
3 4
3 3
3 2
3 1
1 1
1 2
1 3

Note

Possible routes for two examples:

<image>

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.util.List;

public class Main {

	private static final String NO = "NO";
	private static final String YES = "YES";
	InputStream is;
	PrintWriter out;
	String INPUT = "";

	private static final long MOD = 1000000007;
	private static final long inf = 100000000000L;
	private static final int max_coord = 50;

	void solve() {
		int T =1;
		for (int i = 0; i < T; i++)
			solve(i);
	}

	int n;

	void solve(int T) {
		int n = ni();
		int m = ni();
		int g[][] = new int[n + 1][m + 1];
		int x = ni();
		int y = ni();
		while (true) {
			if (g[x][y] == 0)
				;
			else if (x > 1 && g[x - 1][y] == 0)
				x--;
			else if (x < n && g[n][y] == 0)
				x = n;
			else if (y > 1 && g[x][y - 1] == 0)
				y--;
			else if (g[x][m] == 0)
				y = m;
			else
				return;
			out.println(x + " " + y);
			g[x][y] = 1;
		}
	}

	// a^b
	long power(long a, long b) {
		long x = 1, y = a;
		while (b > 0) {
			if (b % 2 != 0) {
				x = (x * y) % MOD;
			}
			y = (y * y) % MOD;
			b /= 2;
		}
		return x % MOD;
	}

	private long gcd(long a, long b) {
		while (a != 0) {
			long tmp = b % a;
			b = a;
			a = tmp;
		}
		return b;
	}

	void run() throws Exception {
		is = INPUT.isEmpty() ? System.in : new ByteArrayInputStream(INPUT.getBytes());
		out = new PrintWriter(System.out);

		long s = System.currentTimeMillis();
		solve();
		out.flush();
		if (!INPUT.isEmpty())
			tr(System.currentTimeMillis() - s + "ms");
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		new Main().run();
	}

	private byte[] inbuf = new byte[1024];
	public int lenbuf = 0, ptrbuf = 0;
	private boolean vis[];

	private int readByte() {
		if (lenbuf == -1)
			throw new InputMismatchException();
		if (ptrbuf >= lenbuf) {
			ptrbuf = 0;
			try {
				lenbuf = is.read(inbuf);
			} catch (IOException e) {
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			}
			if (lenbuf <= 0)
				return -1;
		}
		return inbuf[ptrbuf++];
	}

	private boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
		return !(c >= 33 && c <= 126);
	}

	private int skip() {
		int b;
		while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && isSpaceChar(b))
			;
		return b;
	}

	private double nd() {
		return Double.parseDouble(ns());
	}

	private char nc() {
		return (char) skip();
	}

	private String ns() {
		int b = skip();
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		while (!(isSpaceChar(b))) { // when nextLine, (isSpaceChar(b) && b != '
									// ')
			sb.appendCodePoint(b);
			b = readByte();
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

	private char[] ns(int n) {
		char[] buf = new char[n];
		int b = skip(), p = 0;
		while (p < n) {
			if (!(isSpaceChar(b)))
				buf[p++] = (char) b;
			b = readByte();
		}
		return n == p ? buf : Arrays.copyOf(buf, p);
	}

	private char[][] nm(int n, int m) {
		char[][] map = new char[n][];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			map[i] = ns(m);
		return map;
	}

	private int[] na(int n) {
		int[] a = new int[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = ni();
		return a;
	}

	private List<Integer> na2(int n) {
		List<Integer> a = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a.add(ni());
		return a;
	}

	private int[][] na(int n, int m) {
		int[][] a = new int[n][];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = na(m);
		return a;
	}

	private int ni() {
		int num = 0, b;
		boolean minus = false;
		while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'))
			;
		if (b == '-') {
			minus = true;
			b = readByte();
		}

		while (true) {
			if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
				num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
			} else {
				return minus ? -num : num;
			}
			b = readByte();
		}
	}

	private long[] nl(int n) {
		long[] a = new long[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = nl();
		return a;
	}

	private long[][] nl(int n, int m) {
		long[][] a = new long[n][];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			a[i] = nl(m);
		return a;
	}

	private long nl() {
		long num = 0;
		int b;
		boolean minus = false;
		while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'))
			;
		if (b == '-') {
			minus = true;
			b = readByte();
		}

		while (true) {
			if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
				num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
			} else {
				return minus ? -num : num;
			}
			b = readByte();
		}
	}

	private static void tr(Object... o) {
		System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(o));
	}

	public class Pair<K, V> {

		/**
		 * Key of this <code>Pair</code>.
		 */
		private K key;

		/**
		 * Gets the key for this pair.
		 * 
		 * @return key for this pair
		 */
		public K getKey() {
			return key;
		}

		/**
		 * Value of this this <code>Pair</code>.
		 */
		private V value;

		/**
		 * Gets the value for this pair.
		 * 
		 * @return value for this pair
		 */
		public V getValue() {
			return value;
		}

		/**
		 * Creates a new pair
		 * 
		 * @param key   The key for this pair
		 * @param value The value to use for this pair
		 */
		public Pair(K key, V value) {
			this.key = key;
			this.value = value;
		}

		/**
		 * <p>
		 * <code>String</code> representation of this <code>Pair</code>.
		 * </p>
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * The default name/value delimiter '=' is always used.
		 * </p>
		 *
		 * @return <code>String</code> representation of this <code>Pair</code>
		 */
		@Override
		public String toString() {
			return key + "=" + value;
		}

		/**
		 * <p>
		 * Generate a hash code for this <code>Pair</code>.
		 * </p>
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * The hash code is calculated using both the name and the value of the
		 * <code>Pair</code>.
		 * </p>
		 *
		 * @return hash code for this <code>Pair</code>
		 */
		@Override
		public int hashCode() {
			// name's hashCode is multiplied by an arbitrary prime number (13)
			// in order to make sure there is a difference in the hashCode between
			// these two parameters:
			// name: a value: aa
			// name: aa value: a
			return key.hashCode() * 13 + (value == null ? 0 : value.hashCode());
		}

		/**
		 * <p>
		 * Test this <code>Pair</code> for equality with another <code>Object</code>.
		 * </p>
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * If the <code>Object</code> to be tested is not a <code>Pair</code> or is
		 * <code>null</code>, then this method returns <code>false</code>.
		 * </p>
		 *
		 * <p>
		 * Two <code>Pair</code>s are considered equal if and only if both the names and
		 * values are equal.
		 * </p>
		 *
		 * @param o the <code>Object</code> to test for equality with this
		 *          <code>Pair</code>
		 * @return <code>true</code> if the given <code>Object</code> is equal to this
		 *         <code>Pair</code> else <code>false</code>
		 */
		@Override
		public boolean equals(Object o) {
			if (this == o)
				return true;
			if (o instanceof Pair) {
				Pair pair = (Pair) o;
				if (key != null ? !key.equals(pair.key) : pair.key != null)
					return false;
				if (value != null ? !value.equals(pair.value) : pair.value != null)
					return false;
				return true;
			}
			return false;
		}
	}

}