Problem: Boboniu likes playing chess with his employees. As we know, no employee can beat the boss in the chess game, so Boboniu has never lost in any round.

You are a new applicant for his company. Boboniu will test you with the following chess question:

Consider a n× m grid (rows are numbered from 1 to n, and columns are numbered from 1 to m). You have a chess piece, and it stands at some cell (S_x,S_y) which is not on the border (i.e. 2 ≤ S_x ≤ n-1 and 2 ≤ S_y ≤ m-1).

From the cell (x,y), you can move your chess piece to (x,y') (1≤ y'≤ m, y' ≠ y) or (x',y) (1≤ x'≤ n, x'≠ x). In other words, the chess piece moves as a rook. From the cell, you can move to any cell on the same row or column.

Your goal is to visit each cell exactly once. Can you find a solution?

Note that cells on the path between two adjacent cells in your route are not counted as visited, and it is not required to return to the starting point.

Input

The only line of the input contains four integers n, m, S_x and S_y (3≤ n,m≤ 100, 2 ≤ S_x ≤ n-1, 2 ≤ S_y ≤ m-1) — the number of rows, the number of columns, and the initial position of your chess piece, respectively.

Output

You should print n⋅ m lines.

The i-th line should contain two integers x_i and y_i (1 ≤ x_i ≤ n, 1 ≤ y_i ≤ m), denoting the i-th cell that you visited. You should print exactly nm pairs (x_i, y_i), they should cover all possible pairs (x_i, y_i), such that 1 ≤ x_i ≤ n, 1 ≤ y_i ≤ m.

We can show that under these constraints there always exists a solution. If there are multiple answers, print any.

Examples

Input


3 3 2 2


Output


2 2
1 2
1 3
2 3
3 3
3 2
3 1
2 1
1 1


Input


3 4 2 2


Output


2 2
2 1
2 3
2 4
1 4
3 4
3 3
3 2
3 1
1 1
1 2
1 3

Note

Possible routes for two examples:

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Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.Flushable;

/**
 * Built using CHelper plug-in
 * Actual solution is at the top
 */
public class Main {
	static class TaskAdapter implements Runnable {
		@Override
		public void run() {
			InputStream inputStream = System.in;
			OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
			Input in = new Input(inputStream);
			Output out = new Output(outputStream);
			BBoboniuPlaysChess solver = new BBoboniuPlaysChess();
			solver.solve(1, in, out);
			out.close();
		}
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		Thread thread = new Thread(null, new TaskAdapter(), "", 1<<29);
		thread.start();
		thread.join();
	}
	static class BBoboniuPlaysChess {
		public BBoboniuPlaysChess() {
		}

		public void solve(int kase, Input in, Output pw) {
			int n = in.nextInt(), m = in.nextInt(), x = in.nextInt(), y = in.nextInt();
			pw.println(x, y);
			pw.println(1, y);
			for(int j = 1; j<=m; j++) {
				if(j!=y) {
					pw.println(1, j);
				}
			}
			for(int i = 2; i<=n; i++) {
				if((i&1)==0) {
					for(int j = m; j>=1; j--) {
						if(i!=x||j!=y) {
							pw.println(i, j);
						}
					}
				}else {
					for(int j = 1; j<=m; j++) {
						if(i!=x||j!=y) {
							pw.println(i, j);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}

	}

	static class Input {
		BufferedReader br;
		StringTokenizer st;

		public Input(InputStream is) {
			this(is, 1<<20);
		}

		public Input(InputStream is, int bs) {
			br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is), bs);
			st = null;
		}

		public boolean hasNext() {
			try {
				while(st==null||!st.hasMoreTokens()) {
					String s = br.readLine();
					if(s==null) {
						return false;
					}
					st = new StringTokenizer(s);
				}
				return true;
			}catch(Exception e) {
				return false;
			}
		}

		public String next() {
			if(!hasNext()) {
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			}
			return st.nextToken();
		}

		public int nextInt() {
			return Integer.parseInt(next());
		}

	}

	static class Output implements Closeable, Flushable {
		public StringBuilder sb;
		public OutputStream os;
		public int BUFFER_SIZE;
		public boolean autoFlush;
		public String LineSeparator;

		public Output(OutputStream os) {
			this(os, 1<<16);
		}

		public Output(OutputStream os, int bs) {
			BUFFER_SIZE = bs;
			sb = new StringBuilder(BUFFER_SIZE);
			this.os = new BufferedOutputStream(os, 1<<17);
			autoFlush = false;
			LineSeparator = System.lineSeparator();
		}

		public void print(String s) {
			sb.append(s);
			if(autoFlush) {
				flush();
			}else if(sb.length()>BUFFER_SIZE >> 1) {
				flushToBuffer();
			}
		}

		public void println(Object... o) {
			for(int i = 0; i<o.length; i++) {
				if(i!=0) {
					print(" ");
				}
				print(String.valueOf(o[i]));
			}
			println();
		}

		public void println() {
			sb.append(LineSeparator);
		}

		private void flushToBuffer() {
			try {
				os.write(sb.toString().getBytes());
			}catch(IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			sb = new StringBuilder(BUFFER_SIZE);
		}

		public void flush() {
			try {
				flushToBuffer();
				os.flush();
			}catch(IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}

		public void close() {
			flush();
			try {
				os.close();
			}catch(IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}

	}
}