Problem: This is an interactive problem.

Little Dormi was faced with an awkward problem at the carnival: he has to guess the edges of an unweighted tree of n nodes! The nodes of the tree are numbered from 1 to n.

The game master only allows him to ask one type of question:

  * Little Dormi picks a node r (1 ≤ r ≤ n), and the game master will reply with an array d_1, d_2, …, d_n, where d_i is the length of the shortest path from node r to i, for all 1 ≤ i ≤ n.



Additionally, to make the game unfair challenge Little Dormi the game master will allow at most ⌈n/2⌉ questions, where ⌈ x ⌉ denotes the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.

Faced with the stomach-churning possibility of not being able to guess the tree, Little Dormi needs your help to devise a winning strategy!

Note that the game master creates the tree before the game starts, and does not change it during the game.

Input

The first line of input contains the integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 000), the number of nodes in the tree.

You will then begin interaction.

Output

When your program has found the tree, first output a line consisting of a single "!" followed by n-1 lines each with two space separated integers a and b, denoting an edge connecting nodes a and b (1 ≤ a, b ≤ n). Once you are done, terminate your program normally immediately after flushing the output stream.

You may output the edges in any order and an edge (a,b) is considered the same as an edge (b,a). Answering is not considered as a query.

Interaction

After taking input, you may make at most ⌈n/2⌉ queries. Each query is made in the format "? r", where r is an integer 1 ≤ r ≤ n that denotes the node you want to pick for that query.

You will then receive n space separated integers d_1, d_2, …, d_n, where d_i is the length of the shortest path from node r to i, followed by a newline.

After printing a query do not forget to output end of line and flush the output. Otherwise, you will get Idleness limit exceeded. To do this, use:

  * fflush(stdout) or cout.flush() in C++; 
  * System.out.flush() in Java; 
  * flush(output) in Pascal; 
  * stdout.flush() in Python; 
  * see documentation for other languages. 



If at any point you make an invalid query or try to make more than ⌈ n/2 ⌉ queries, the interaction will terminate immediately and you will receive a Wrong Answer verdict.

Hacks

To hack a solution, use the following format.

The first line contains the integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 2 000).

The next n−1 lines contain two integers u and v (1 ≤ u,v ≤ n) denoting an edge between u and v (u ≠ v). These n-1 edges must form a tree.

Examples

Input


4

0 1 2 2

1 0 1 1

Output


? 1

? 2

!
4 2
1 2
2 3


Input


5

2 2 1 1 0


Output


? 5

!
4 5
3 5
2 4
1 3

Note

Here is the tree from the first example.

<image>

Notice that the edges can be output in any order.

Additionally, here are the answers for querying every single node in example 1:

  * 1: [0,1,2,2] 
  * 2: [1,0,1,1] 
  * 3: [2,1,0,2] 
  * 4: [2,1,2,0]



Below is the tree from the second example interaction.

<image>

Lastly, here are the answers for querying every single node in example 2:

  * 1: [0,4,1,3,2] 
  * 2: [4,0,3,1,2] 
  * 3: [1,3,0,2,1] 
  * 4: [3,1,2,0,1] 
  * 5: [2,2,1,1,0]

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
/*input
*/
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;

public class Main
{
	static PrintWriter out;
	static int MOD = 1000000007;
	static FastReader scan;

    /*-------- I/O usaing short named function ---------*/
	public static String ns(){return scan.next();}
	public static int ni(){return scan.nextInt();}
	public static long nl(){return scan.nextLong();}
	public static double nd(){return scan.nextDouble();}
	public static String nln(){return scan.nextLine();}
	public static void p(Object o){out.print(o);}
	public static void ps(Object o){out.print(o + " ");}
	public static void pn(Object o){out.println(o);}
    /*-------- for output of an array ---------------------*/
     static void iPA(int arr []){
     	 StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();
	     for(int i=0; i<arr.length; i++)output.append(arr[i] + " ");out.println(output);
	}
	static void lPA(long arr []){
	     StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();
	     for(int i=0; i<arr.length; i++)output.append(arr[i] + " ");out.println(output);
	}
	static void sPA(String arr []){
	     StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();
	     for(int i=0; i<arr.length; i++)output.append(arr[i] + " ");out.println(output);
	}
	static void dPA(double arr []){
	     StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();
	     for(int i=0; i<arr.length; i++)output.append(arr[i] + " ");out.println(output);
	}
    /*-------------- for input in an array ---------------------*/
	static void iIA(int arr[]){
	     for(int i=0; i<arr.length; i++)arr[i] = ni();
	}
	static void lIA(long arr[]){
	     for(int i=0; i<arr.length; i++)arr[i] = nl(); 
	}
	static void sIA(String arr[]){
	     for(int i=0; i<arr.length; i++)arr[i] = ns(); 
	}
	static void dIA(double arr[]){
	     for(int i=0; i<arr.length; i++)arr[i] = nd();
	}
	/*------------ for taking input faster ----------------*/
     static class FastReader
	{
		BufferedReader br;
		StringTokenizer st;

		public FastReader()
		{
			br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		}

		String next()
		{
			while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements())
			{
				try
				{
					st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
				}
				catch (IOException e)
				{
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			return st.nextToken();
		}

		int nextInt()
		{
			return Integer.parseInt(next());
		}

		long nextLong()
		{
			return Long.parseLong(next());
		}

		double nextDouble()
		{
			return Double.parseDouble(next());
		}

		String nextLine()
		{
			String str = "";
			try
			{
				str = br.readLine();
			}
			catch (IOException e)
			{
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			return str;
		}
	}

	// Method to check if x is power of 2
    static boolean isPowerOfTwo (int x) { return x!=0 && ((x&(x-1)) == 0);}
    //Method to return gcd of two numbers
    static int gcd(int a, int b){return a==0?b:gcd(b % a, a); }
    //Method to count digit of a number
    static int countDigit(long n){return (int)Math.floor(Math.log10(n) + 1);}

    //Method for sorting
	static void sort(int[] a) {
		ArrayList<Integer> l=new ArrayList<>();
		for (int i:a) l.add(i);
		Collections.sort(l);
		for (int i=0; i<a.length; i++) a[i]=l.get(i);
	}
	//Method foAr checking if a number is prime or not
	static boolean isPrime(int n) { 
        if (n <= 1) return false; 
        if (n <= 3) return true; 
        if (n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0) return false; 
        for (int i = 5; i * i <= n; i = i + 6) 
            if (n % i == 0 || n % (i + 2) == 0) 
            	return false; 
        return true; 
    } 

    static int N;
	public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception
	{
		OutputStream outputStream =System.out;
        out =new PrintWriter(outputStream);
        scan =new FastReader();
		//for fast output sometimes
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		int t = 1;
		while(t-->0){
			int n = ni();
			N = n;
			
			int dist[] = askQuery(1);

			ArrayList<Integer> odd = new ArrayList<>(), even = new ArrayList<>();

			boolean isEdge[][] = new boolean[n+1][n+1];
			for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
				if(dist[i] == 1){
					isEdge[1][i+1] = true;
				}
				if(dist[i]%2 == 0){
					if(dist[i] != 0)
						even.add(i+1);
				}else{
					odd.add(i+1);
				}
			}
			//pn(odd.size() + " " + even.size());
			ArrayList<Integer> list;
			if(odd.size() >= even.size()){
				list = even;
			}else{
				list = odd;
			}

			for(int x : list){
				dist = askQuery(x);
				for(int j=0; j<n; j++){
					if(dist[j] == 1){
						isEdge[j+1][x] = true;
						isEdge[x][j+1] = true;
					}
				}
			}

			pn("!");
			for(int i=1; i<=n; i++){
				for(int j=i+1; j<=n; j++){
					if(isEdge[i][j]){
						pn(i + " " + j);
					}
				}
			}
			out.flush();

        }
        out.flush();
		out.close();
	}
	static int[] askQuery(int x){
		pn("? " + x);
		out.flush();
		int arr[] = new int[N];
		iIA(arr);
		return arr;
	}
}