Problem: You are given two positive integers n and k. Print the k-th positive integer that is not divisible by n.

For example, if n=3, and k=7, then all numbers that are not divisible by 3 are: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13 .... The 7-th number among them is 10.

Input

The first line contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases in the input. Next, t test cases are given, one per line.

Each test case is two positive integers n (2 ≤ n ≤ 10^9) and k (1 ≤ k ≤ 10^9).

Output

For each test case print the k-th positive integer that is not divisible by n.

Example

Input


6
3 7
4 12
2 1000000000
7 97
1000000000 1000000000
2 1


Output


10
15
1999999999
113
1000000001
1

Solution (in PYTHON3):

Solution:
import sys

input = sys.stdin.readline


def inp():
    return (int(input()))


def inlt():
    return (list(map(int, input().split())))


def insr():
    s = input()
    return (list(s[:len(s) - 1]))


def invr():
    return list((map(int, input().split())))


def solve(arr):
    res = []
    for a in arr:
        res.append(a[1] + (a[1] -1) // (a[0] -1))
    return res

if __name__ == '__main__':
    t = inp()
    arr = []
    for i in range(t):
        arr.append(inlt())
    res = solve(arr)
    for r in res:
        print(int(r))