Problem: You are given two positive integers n and k. Print the k-th positive integer that is not divisible by n.

For example, if n=3, and k=7, then all numbers that are not divisible by 3 are: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13 .... The 7-th number among them is 10.

Input

The first line contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases in the input. Next, t test cases are given, one per line.

Each test case is two positive integers n (2 ≤ n ≤ 10^9) and k (1 ≤ k ≤ 10^9).

Output

For each test case print the k-th positive integer that is not divisible by n.

Example

Input


6
3 7
4 12
2 1000000000
7 97
1000000000 1000000000
2 1


Output


10
15
1999999999
113
1000000001
1

Solution (in PYTHON3):

Solution:
z=input
mod = 10**9 + 7
from collections import *
from queue import *
from sys import *
from collections import *
from math import *
from heapq import *
from itertools import *
from bisect import *
from collections import Counter as cc
from math import factorial as f
def lcd(xnum1,xnum2):
    return (xnum1*xnum2//gcd(xnum1,xnum2))

################################################################################

"""

n=int(z())

for _ in range(int(z())):

x=int(z())

l=list(map(int,z().split()))

n=int(z())

l=sorted(list(map(int,z().split())))[::-1]

a,b=map(int,z().split())

l=set(map(int,z().split()))

led=(6,2,5,5,4,5,6,3,7,6)

vowel={'a':0,'e':0,'i':0,'o':0,'u':0}

color-4=["G", "GB", "YGB", "YGBI", "OYGBI" ,"OYGBIV",'ROYGBIV' ]

"""

###########################---START-CODING---###############################################

for _ in range(int(z())):
    a,b=map(int,z().split())
    t=(b-1)//(a-1)
    
    print(t+b)