Problem: You are given two positive integers n and k. Print the k-th positive integer that is not divisible by n.

For example, if n=3, and k=7, then all numbers that are not divisible by 3 are: 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13 .... The 7-th number among them is 10.

Input

The first line contains an integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 1000) — the number of test cases in the input. Next, t test cases are given, one per line.

Each test case is two positive integers n (2 ≤ n ≤ 10^9) and k (1 ≤ k ≤ 10^9).

Output

For each test case print the k-th positive integer that is not divisible by n.

Example

Input


6
3 7
4 12
2 1000000000
7 97
1000000000 1000000000
2 1


Output


10
15
1999999999
113
1000000001
1

Solution (in PYTHON3):

Solution:
def bs(n,k):
    L = 1
    R = 10**18
    while R-L > 5:
        M = (L+R)//2
        if M-(M//n) >= k:
            R = M
        else:
            L = M
    for ans in range(L,R+1):
        if ans%n != 0 and ans-(ans//n)==k:
            return ans
    return -1
for t in range(int(input())):
    n,k = map(int,input().split())
    print(bs(n,k))