Problem: Boboniu likes playing chess with his employees. As we know, no employee can beat the boss in the chess game, so Boboniu has never lost in any round.

You are a new applicant for his company. Boboniu will test you with the following chess question:

Consider a n× m grid (rows are numbered from 1 to n, and columns are numbered from 1 to m). You have a chess piece, and it stands at some cell (S_x,S_y) which is not on the border (i.e. 2 ≤ S_x ≤ n-1 and 2 ≤ S_y ≤ m-1).

From the cell (x,y), you can move your chess piece to (x,y') (1≤ y'≤ m, y' ≠ y) or (x',y) (1≤ x'≤ n, x'≠ x). In other words, the chess piece moves as a rook. From the cell, you can move to any cell on the same row or column.

Your goal is to visit each cell exactly once. Can you find a solution?

Note that cells on the path between two adjacent cells in your route are not counted as visited, and it is not required to return to the starting point.

Input

The only line of the input contains four integers n, m, S_x and S_y (3≤ n,m≤ 100, 2 ≤ S_x ≤ n-1, 2 ≤ S_y ≤ m-1) — the number of rows, the number of columns, and the initial position of your chess piece, respectively.

Output

You should print n⋅ m lines.

The i-th line should contain two integers x_i and y_i (1 ≤ x_i ≤ n, 1 ≤ y_i ≤ m), denoting the i-th cell that you visited. You should print exactly nm pairs (x_i, y_i), they should cover all possible pairs (x_i, y_i), such that 1 ≤ x_i ≤ n, 1 ≤ y_i ≤ m.

We can show that under these constraints there always exists a solution. If there are multiple answers, print any.

Examples

Input


3 3 2 2


Output


2 2
1 2
1 3
2 3
3 3
3 2
3 1
2 1
1 1


Input


3 4 2 2


Output


2 2
2 1
2 3
2 4
1 4
3 4
3 3
3 2
3 1
1 1
1 2
1 3

Note

Possible routes for two examples:

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Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;

public class B_1395 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
		
		int n = sc.nextInt(), m = sc.nextInt();
		int x = sc.nextInt(), y = sc.nextInt();
		TreeSet<Integer> set = new TreeSet<>();
		for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
			set.add(i);
		set.remove(x);
		
		ArrayList<Integer> xs = new ArrayList<>(), ys = new ArrayList<>();
		xs.add(x);
		ys.add(y);
		for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
			if(i != y) {
				xs.add(x);
				ys.add(i);
			}
		
		
		int last = m;
		while(!set.isEmpty()) {
			int z = set.pollFirst();
			xs.add(z);
			ys.add(last);
			for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++)
				if(i != last) {
					xs.add(z);
					ys.add(i);
				}
			last = ys.get(ys.size() - 1);
		}
		
		for(int i = 0; i < n * m; i++) {
			pw.println(xs.get(i) + " " + ys.get(i));
		}
		
		pw.flush();
	}

	public static class Scanner {
		StringTokenizer st;
		BufferedReader br;

		public Scanner(InputStream system) {
			br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(system));
		}

		public Scanner(String file) throws Exception {
			br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
		}

		public String next() throws IOException {
			while (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens())
				st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
			return st.nextToken();
		}

		public String nextLine() throws IOException {
			return br.readLine();
		}

		public int nextInt() throws IOException {
			return Integer.parseInt(next());
		}

		public double nextDouble() throws IOException {
			return Double.parseDouble(next());
		}

		public char nextChar() throws IOException {
			return next().charAt(0);
		}

		public long nextLong() throws IOException {
			return Long.parseLong(next());
		}

		public int[] nextIntArray(int n) throws IOException {
			int[] array = new int[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				array[i] = nextInt();
			return array;
		}

		public Integer[] nextIntegerArray(int n) throws IOException {
			Integer[] array = new Integer[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				array[i] = new Integer(nextInt());
			return array;
		}

		public long[] nextLongArray(int n) throws IOException {
			long[] array = new long[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				array[i] = nextLong();
			return array;
		}

		public double[] nextDoubleArray(int n) throws IOException {
			double[] array = new double[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				array[i] = nextDouble();
			return array;
		}

		public static int[] shuffle(int[] a) {
			int n = a.length;
			Random rand = new Random();
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
				int tmpIdx = rand.nextInt(n);
				int tmp = a[i];
				a[i] = a[tmpIdx];
				a[tmpIdx] = tmp;
			}
			return a;
		}

		public boolean ready() throws IOException {
			return br.ready();
		}

		public void waitForInput() throws InterruptedException {
			Thread.sleep(3000);
		}
	}
}