Problem: To learn as soon as possible the latest news about their favourite fundamentally new operating system, BolgenOS community from Nizhni Tagil decided to develop a scheme. According to this scheme a community member, who is the first to learn the news, calls some other member, the latter, in his turn, calls some third member, and so on; i.e. a person with index i got a person with index fi, to whom he has to call, if he learns the news. With time BolgenOS community members understood that their scheme doesn't work sometimes — there were cases when some members didn't learn the news at all. Now they want to supplement the scheme: they add into the scheme some instructions of type (xi, yi), which mean that person xi has to call person yi as well. What is the minimum amount of instructions that they need to add so, that at the end everyone learns the news, no matter who is the first to learn it?

Input

The first input line contains number n (2 ≤ n ≤ 105) — amount of BolgenOS community members. The second line contains n space-separated integer numbers fi (1 ≤ fi ≤ n, i ≠ fi) — index of a person, to whom calls a person with index i.

Output

In the first line output one number — the minimum amount of instructions to add. Then output one of the possible variants to add these instructions into the scheme, one instruction in each line. If the solution is not unique, output any.

Examples

Input

3
3 3 2


Output

1
3 1


Input

7
2 3 1 3 4 4 1


Output

3
2 5
2 6
3 7

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author Egor Kulikov (egor@egork.net)
 *         Created on 14.03.2010
 */
public class TaskE implements Runnable {
	private InputReader in;
	private PrintWriter out;

	public static void main(String[] args) {
//		new Thread(new Template()).start();
		new TaskE().run();
	}

	public TaskE() {
//		String id = getClass().getName().toLowerCase();
//		try {
//			System.setIn(new FileInputStream(id + ".in"));
//			System.setOut(new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream(id + ".out")));
//			System.setIn(new FileInputStream("input.txt"));
//			System.setOut(new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream("output.txt")));
//		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
//			throw new RuntimeException();
//		}
		in = new InputReader(System.in);
		out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
	}

	public void run() {
//        int numTests = in.readInt();
//        for (int testNumber = 0; testNumber < numTests; testNumber++) {
//			out.print("Case " + (testNumber + 1) + ": ");
//        }
		int n = in.readInt();
		int[] f = new int[n];
		int[] d = new int[n];
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			d[f[i] = in.readInt() - 1]++;
		boolean[] w = new boolean[n];
		List<Integer> a = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		List<Integer> b = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			if (d[i] == 0) {
				a.add(i + 1);
				int c = i;
				while (!w[c]) {
					w[c] = true;
					c = f[c];
				}
				b.add(c + 1);
			}
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			if (!w[i]) {
				a.add(i + 1);
				b.add(i + 1);
				int c = i;
				while (!w[c]) {
					w[c] = true;
					c = f[c];
				}
			}
		}
		int ans = a.size();
		if (ans == 1 && a.get(0).equals(b.get(0)))
			ans = 0;
		out.println(ans);
		for (int i = 0; i < a.size() - 1; i++)
			out.println(b.get(i) + " " + a.get(i + 1));
		if (ans != 0)
			out.println(b.get(b.size() - 1) + " " + a.get(0));
		out.close();
	}

	private static class InputReader {
		private InputStream stream;
		private byte[] buf = new byte[1000];
		private int curChar, numChars;

		public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
			this.stream = stream;
		}

		private int read() {
			if (numChars == -1)
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			if (curChar >= numChars) {
				curChar = 0;
				try {
					numChars = stream.read(buf);
				} catch (IOException e) {
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				}
				if (numChars <= 0)
					return -1;
			}
			return buf[curChar++];
		}

		public int readInt() {
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c))
				c = read();
			int sgn = 1;
			if (c == '-') {
				sgn = -1;
				c = read();
			}
			int res = 0;
			do {
				if (c < '0' || c > '9')
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				res *= 10;
				res += c - '0';
				c = read();
			} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
			return res * sgn;
		}

		public long readLong() {
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c))
				c = read();
			int sgn = 1;
			if (c == '-') {
				sgn = -1;
				c = read();
			}
			long res = 0;
			do {
				if (c < '0' || c > '9')
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				res *= 10;
				res += c - '0';
				c = read();
			} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
			return res * sgn;
		}

		public String readString() {
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c))
				c = read();
			StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();
			do {
				res.appendCodePoint(c);
				c = read();
			} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
			return res.toString();
		}

		private boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
			return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
		}

		private String readLine0() {
			StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
			int c = read();
			while (c != '\n' && c != -1) {
				buf.appendCodePoint(c);
				c = read();
			}
			return buf.toString();
		}

		public String readLine() {
			String s = readLine0();
			while (s.trim().length() == 0)
				s = readLine0();
			return s;
		}

		public String readLine(boolean ignoreEmptyLines) {
			if (ignoreEmptyLines)
				return readLine();
			else
				return readLine0();
		}

		public BigInteger readBigInteger() {
			try {
				return new BigInteger(readString());
			} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			}
		}

		public char readCharacter() {
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c))
				c = read();
			return (char) c;
		}

		public double readDouble() {
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c))
				c = read();
			int sgn = 1;
			if (c == '-') {
				sgn = -1;
				c = read();
			}
			double res = 0;
			while (!isSpaceChar(c) && c != '.') {
				if (c < '0' || c > '9')
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				res *= 10;
				res += c - '0';
				c = read();
			}
			if (c == '.') {
				c = read();
				double m = 1;
				while (!isSpaceChar(c)) {
					if (c < '0' || c > '9')
						throw new InputMismatchException();
					m /= 10;
					res += (c - '0') * m;
					c = read();
				}
			}
			return res * sgn;
		}
	}
}