Problem: Berland Government decided to improve relations with neighboring countries. First of all, it was decided to build new roads so that from each city of Berland and neighboring countries it became possible to reach all the others. There are n cities in Berland and neighboring countries in total and exactly n - 1 two-way roads. Because of the recent financial crisis, the Berland Government is strongly pressed for money, so to build a new road it has to close some of the existing ones. Every day it is possible to close one existing road and immediately build a new one. Your task is to determine how many days would be needed to rebuild roads so that from each city it became possible to reach all the others, and to draw a plan of closure of old roads and building of new ones.

Input

The first line contains integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 1000) — amount of cities in Berland and neighboring countries. Next n - 1 lines contain the description of roads. Each road is described by two space-separated integers ai, bi (1 ≤ ai, bi ≤ n, ai ≠ bi) — pair of cities, which the road connects. It can't be more than one road between a pair of cities. No road connects the city with itself.

Output

Output the answer, number t — what is the least amount of days needed to rebuild roads so that from each city it became possible to reach all the others. Then output t lines — the plan of closure of old roads and building of new ones. Each line should describe one day in the format i j u v — it means that road between cities i and j became closed and a new road between cities u and v is built. Cities are numbered from 1. If the answer is not unique, output any.

Examples

Input

2
1 2


Output

0


Input

7
1 2
2 3
3 1
4 5
5 6
6 7


Output

1
3 1 3 7

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import static java.lang.Math.*;

/**
 * Built using CHelper plug-in
 * Actual solution is at the top
 */
public class RoadsNotOnlyInBerland {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        InputStream inputStream = System.in;
        OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
        InputReader in = new InputReader(inputStream);
        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
        TaskA solver = new TaskA();
        solver.solve(1, in, out);
        out.close();
    }
    static class TaskA {
        long mod = (long)(1000000007);
        long fact[];
        int depth[];
        int parentTable[][];
        int degree[];
        ArrayList<Integer> leaves;
        int max = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;

        public void solve(int testNumber, InputReader in, PrintWriter out) throws IOException {
            while(testNumber-->0){
               	int n = in.nextInt();
               	int a[] = new int[n+1];
               	Arrays.fill(a , -1);
               	ArrayList<String> extra = new ArrayList<>();
               	for(int i=0;i<n-1;i++){
               		int u = in.nextInt();
               		int v = in.nextInt();
               		int pU = findSet(a , u);
               		int pV = findSet(a , v);
               		if(pU == pV){
               			extra.add(u + " " + v);
               			continue;
               		}
               		int sizeU = abs(a[pU]);
               		int sizeV = abs(a[pV]);
               		if(sizeU<sizeV){
               			int x = pU;
               			pU = pV;
               			pV = x;
               		}
               		a[pU] += a[pV];
               		a[pV] = pU;
               	}

               	out.println(extra.size());
               	int j = 0;
               	int pU = findSet(a , 1);
               	for(int i = 2;i<=n;i++){
               		int pV = findSet(a , i);
               		if(pV == pU)
               			continue;
               		int sizeU = abs(a[pU]);
               		int sizeV = abs(a[pV]);
               		if(sizeU<sizeV){
               			int x = pU;
               			pU = pV;
               			pV = x;
               		}
               		a[pU] += a[pV];
               		a[pV] = pU;
               		out.println(extra.get(j++) + " " + i + " " + 1);
               	}
            }
        }

        public int findSet(int a[] , int v){
        	if(a[v]<0)
        		return v;
        	int x = findSet(a , a[v]);
        	a[v] = x;
        	return x;
        }

        public int distance(ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> a , int u , int v){
            return depth[u]+depth[v] - 2*depth[lca(a , u , v)];
        }

        // public void dfs(ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> a , int index , int parent){
        //     parentTable[index][0] = parent;
        //     depth[index] = depth[parent]+1;
            
        //     if(a.get(index).size()==1)
        //         leaves.add(index);

        //     for(int i=1;i<parentTable[index].length;i++)
        //         parentTable[index][i] = parentTable[parentTable[index][i-1]][i-1];
        //     for(int i=0;i<a.get(index).size();i++){
        //         if(a.get(index).get(i)==parent)
        //             continue;
        //         dfs(a , a.get(index).get(i) , index);
        //     }
        // }

        public int lca(ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> a , int u , int v){
            if(depth[v]<depth[u]){
                int x = u;
                u = v;
                v = x;
            }
            int diff = depth[v] - depth[u];
            for(int i=0;i<parentTable[v].length;i++){
                // checking whether the ith bit is set in the diff variable
                if(((diff>>i)&1) == 1)
                    v = parentTable[v][i];
            }
            if(v == u)
                return v;
            for(int i=parentTable[v].length-1;i>=0;i--){
                if(parentTable[u][i] != parentTable[v][i]){
                    v = parentTable[v][i];
                    u = parentTable[u][i];
                }
            }
            return parentTable[u][0];
        }

        // for the min max problems
        public void build(int lookup[][] , int arr[], int n) { 
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
                lookup[i][0] = arr[i]; 
            for (int j = 1; (1 << j) <= n; j++) { 
                for (int i = 0; (i + (1 << j) - 1) < n; i++) { 
                    if (lookup[i][j - 1] > lookup[i + (1 << (j - 1))][j - 1]) 
                        lookup[i][j] = lookup[i][j - 1]; 
                    else
                        lookup[i][j] = lookup[i + (1 << (j - 1))][j - 1]; 
                } 
            } 
        }
        public int query(int lookup[][] , int L, int R) { 
            int j = (int)(Math.log(R - L + 1)/Math.log(2)); 
            if (lookup[L][j] >= lookup[R - (1 << j) + 1][j]) 
                return lookup[L][j]; 
            else
                return lookup[R - (1 << j) + 1][j]; 
        }

        // for printing purposes
        public void print1d(int a[] , PrintWriter out){
            for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++)
                out.print(a[i] + " ");
            out.println();
        }
        public void print2d(int a[][] , PrintWriter out){
            for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++){
                for(int j=0;j<a[i].length;j++)
                    out.print(a[i][j]);
                out.println();
            }
            // out.println();
        }
        public void sieve(int a[]){
            a[0] = a[1] = 1;
            int i;
            for(i=2;i*i<=a.length;i++){
                if(a[i] != 0)
                    continue;
                a[i] = i;
                for(int k = (i)*(i);k<a.length;k+=i){
                    if(a[k] != 0)
                        continue;
                    a[k] = i;
                }
            }
        }
        public int [][] matrixExpo(int c[][] , int n){
            int a[][] = new int[c.length][c[0].length];
            int b[][] = new int[a.length][a[0].length];
            for(int i=0;i<c.length;i++)
                for(int j=0;j<c[0].length;j++)
                    a[i][j] = c[i][j];
            for(int i=0;i<a.length;i++)
                b[i][i] = 1;
            while(n!=1){
                if(n%2 == 1){
                    b = matrixMultiply(a , a);
                    n--;
                }
                a = matrixMultiply(a , a);
                n/=2;
            }
            return matrixMultiply(a , b);
        }
        public int [][] matrixMultiply(int a[][] , int b[][]){
            int r1 = a.length;
            int c1 = a[0].length;
            int c2 = b[0].length;
            int c[][] = new int[r1][c2];
            for(int i=0;i<r1;i++){
                for(int j=0;j<c2;j++){
                    for(int k=0;k<c1;k++)
                        c[i][j] += a[i][k]*b[k][j];
                }
            }
            return c;
        }
        public long nCrPFermet(int n , int r , long p){
            if(r==0)
                return 1l;
            // long fact[] = new long[n+1];
            // fact[0] = 1;
            // for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
            //     fact[i] = (i*fact[i-1])%p;
            long modInverseR = pow(fact[r] , p-2 , p);
            long modInverseNR = pow(fact[n-r] , p-2 , p);
            long w = (((fact[n]*modInverseR)%p)*modInverseNR)%p;
            return w;
        }
        public long pow(long a, long b, long m) {
            a %= m;
            long res = 1;
            while (b > 0) {
                long x = b&1;
                if (x == 1)
                    res = res * a % m;
                a = a * a % m;
                b >>= 1;
            }
            return res;
        }
        public long pow(long a, long b) {
            long res = 1;
            while (b > 0) {
                long x = b&1;
                if (x == 1)
                    res = res * a;
                a = a * a;
                b >>= 1;
            }
            return res;
        }
        public void swap(int a[] , int p1 , int p2){
            int x = a[p1];
            a[p1] = a[p2];
            a[p2] = x;
        }
        public void sortedArrayToBST(TreeSet<Integer> a , int start, int end) { 
            if (start > end) {
                return;
            }
            int mid = (start + end) / 2;
            a.add(mid);
            sortedArrayToBST(a, start, mid - 1);
            sortedArrayToBST(a, mid + 1, end); 
        }
        class Combine{
            int value;
            int delete;
            Combine(int val , int delete){
                this.value = val;
                this.delete = delete;
            }
        }
        class Sort2 implements Comparator<Combine>{
            public int compare(Combine a , Combine b){
                if(a.value > b.value)
                    return 1;
                else if(a.value == b.value && a.delete>b.delete)
                    return 1;
                else if(a.value == b.value && a.delete == b.delete)
                    return 0;
                return -1;
            }
        }
        public int lowerLastBound(ArrayList<Integer> a , int x){
            int l = 0;
            int r = a.size()-1;
            if(a.get(l)>=x)
                return -1;
            if(a.get(r)<x)
                return r;
            int mid = -1;
            while(l<=r){
                mid = (l+r)/2;
                if(a.get(mid) == x && a.get(mid-1)<x)
                    return mid-1;
                else if(a.get(mid)>=x)
                    r = mid-1;
                else if(a.get(mid)<x && a.get(mid+1)>=x)
                    return mid;
                else if(a.get(mid)<x && a.get(mid+1)<x)
                    l = mid+1;
            }
            return mid;
        }
        public int upperFirstBound(ArrayList<Integer> a , Integer x){
            int l = 0;
            int r = a.size()-1;
            if(a.get(l)>x)
                return l;
            if(a.get(r)<=x)
                return r+1;
            int mid = -1;
            while(l<=r){
                mid = (l+r)/2;
                if(a.get(mid) == x && a.get(mid+1)>x)
                    return mid+1;
                else if(a.get(mid)<=x)
                    l = mid+1;
                else if(a.get(mid)>x && a.get(mid-1)<=x)
                    return mid;
                else if(a.get(mid)>x && a.get(mid-1)>x)
                    r = mid-1;
            }
            return mid;
        }
        public int lowerLastBound(int a[] , int x){
            int l = 0;
            int r = a.length-1;
            if(a[l]>=x)
                return -1;
            if(a[r]<x)
                return r;
            int mid = -1;
            while(l<=r){
                mid = (l+r)/2;
                if(a[mid] == x && a[mid-1]<x)
                    return mid-1;
                else if(a[mid]>=x)
                    r = mid-1;
                else if(a[mid]<x && a[mid+1]>=x)
                    return mid;
                else if(a[mid]<x && a[mid+1]<x)
                    l = mid+1;
            }
            return mid;
        }
        public int upperFirstBound(long a[] , long x){
            int l = 0;
            int r = a.length-1;
            if(a[l]>x)
                return l;
            if(a[r]<=x)
                return r+1;
            int mid = -1;
            while(l<=r){
                mid = (l+r)/2;
                if(a[mid] == x && a[mid+1]>x)
                    return mid+1;
                else if(a[mid]<=x)
                    l = mid+1;
                else if(a[mid]>x && a[mid-1]<=x)
                    return mid;
                else if(a[mid]>x && a[mid-1]>x)
                    r = mid-1;
            }
            return mid;
        }
        public long log(float number , int base){
            return (long) Math.ceil((Math.log(number) / Math.log(base)) + 1e-9);
        }
        public long gcd(long a , long b){
            if(a<b){
                long c = b;
                b = a;
                a = c;
            }
            while(b!=0){
                long c = a;
                a = b;
                b = c%a;
            }
            return a;
        }
        public long[] gcdEx(long p, long q) {
            if (q == 0)
                return new long[] { p, 1, 0 };
            long[] vals = gcdEx(q, p % q);
            long d = vals[0];
            long a = vals[2];
            long b = vals[1] - (p / q) * vals[2];
            // 0->gcd 1->xValue 2->yValue
            return new long[] { d, a, b };
        }
        public void sievePhi(int a[]){
            a[0] = 0;
            a[1] = 1;
            for(int i=2;i<a.length;i++)
                a[i] = i-1;
            for(int i=2;i<a.length;i++)
                for(int j = 2*i;j<a.length;j+=i)
                    a[j] -= a[i];
        }
        public void lcmSum(long a[]){
            int sievePhi[] = new int[(int)1e6 + 1];
            sievePhi(sievePhi);
            a[0] = 0;
            for(int i=1;i<a.length;i++)
                for(int j = i;j<a.length;j+=i)
                    a[j] += (long)i*sievePhi[i];
        }
        static class AVLTree{
            Node root;
            public AVLTree(){
                this.root = null;
            }
            public int height(Node n){
                return (n == null ? 0 : n.height);
            }
            public int getBalance(Node n){
                return (n == null ? 0 : height(n.left) - height(n.right));
            }
            public Node rotateRight(Node a){
                Node b = a.left;
                Node br = b.right;

                a.lSum -= b.lSum;
                a.lCount -= b.lCount;
                
                b.rSum += a.rSum;
                b.rCount += a.rCount;
                
                b.right = a;
                a.left = br;
                
                a.height = 1 + Math.max(height(a.left) , height(a.right));
                b.height = 1 + Math.max(height(b.left) , height(b.right));
                return b;
            }
            public Node rotateLeft(Node a){
                Node b = a.right;
                Node bl = b.left;
                
                a.rSum -= b.rSum;
                a.rCount -= b.rCount;
                
                b.lSum += a.lSum;
                b.lCount += a.lCount;
                
                b.left = a;
                a.right = bl;
                
                a.height = 1 + Math.max(height(a.left) , height(a.right));
                b.height = 1 + Math.max(height(b.left) , height(b.right));
                return b;
            }
            public Node insert(Node root , long value){
                if(root == null){
                    return new Node(value);
                }
                if(value<=root.value){
                    root.lCount++;
                    root.lSum += value;
                    root.left =  insert(root.left , value);
                }
                if(value>root.value){
                    root.rCount++;
                    root.rSum += value;
                    root.right = insert(root.right , value);
                }
                // updating the height of the root
                root.height = 1 + Math.max(height(root.left) , height(root.right));
                int balance = getBalance(root);

                //ll
                if(balance>1 && value<=root.left.value)
                    return rotateRight(root);
                //rr
                if(balance<-1 && value>root.right.value)
                    return rotateLeft(root);
                //lr
                if(balance>1 && value>root.left.value){
                    root.left = rotateLeft(root.left);
                    return rotateRight(root);
                }
                //rl
                if(balance<-1 && value<=root.right.value){
                    root.right = rotateRight(root.right);
                    return rotateLeft(root);
                }
                return root;
            }
            public void insertElement(long value){
                this.root = insert(root , value);
            }
            public int getElementLessThanK(long k){
                int count = 0;
                Node temp = root;
                while(temp!=null){
                    if(temp.value == k){
                        if(temp.left == null || temp.left.value<k){
                            count += temp.lCount;
                            return count-1;
                        }
                        else
                            temp = temp.left;
                    }
                    else if(temp.value>k){
                        temp = temp.left;
                    }
                    else{
                        count += temp.lCount;
                        temp = temp.right;
                    }
                }
                return count;
            }
            public void inorder(Node root , PrintWriter out){
                Node temp = root;
                if(temp!=null){
                    inorder(temp.left , out);
                    out.println(temp.value + " " + temp.lCount + " " + temp.rCount);
                    inorder(temp.right , out);
                }
            }
        }
        static class Node{
            long value;
            long lCount , rCount;
            long lSum , rSum;
            Node left , right;
            int height;
            public Node(long value){
                this.value = value;
                left = null;
                right = null;
                lCount = 1;
                rCount = 1;
                lSum = value;
                rSum = value;
                height = 1;
            }
        }
    }

    static class InputReader {
        public BufferedReader reader;
        public StringTokenizer tokenizer;

        public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream), 32768);
            tokenizer = null;
        }

        public String next() {
            while (tokenizer == null || !tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
                try {
                    tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(reader.readLine());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
            return tokenizer.nextToken();
        }

        public int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }

        public long nextLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }

    }
}