Problem: This is the easy version of the problem. The difference between the versions is in the number of possible operations that can be made. You can make hacks if and only if you solved both versions of the problem.

You are given a binary table of size n × m. This table consists of symbols 0 and 1.

You can make such operation: select 3 different cells that belong to one 2 × 2 square and change the symbols in these cells (change 0 to 1 and 1 to 0).

Your task is to make all symbols in the table equal to 0. You are allowed to make at most 3nm operations. You don't need to minimize the number of operations.

It can be proved that it is always possible.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 5000) — the number of test cases. The next lines contain descriptions of test cases.

The first line of the description of each test case contains two integers n, m (2 ≤ n, m ≤ 100).

Each of the next n lines contains a binary string of length m, describing the symbols of the next row of the table.

It is guaranteed that the sum of nm for all test cases does not exceed 20000.

Output

For each test case print the integer k (0 ≤ k ≤ 3nm) — the number of operations.

In the each of the next k lines print 6 integers x_1, y_1, x_2, y_2, x_3, y_3 (1 ≤ x_1, x_2, x_3 ≤ n, 1 ≤ y_1, y_2, y_3 ≤ m) describing the next operation. This operation will be made with three cells (x_1, y_1), (x_2, y_2), (x_3, y_3). These three cells should be different. These three cells should belong into some 2 × 2 square.

Example

Input


5
2 2
10
11
3 3
011
101
110
4 4
1111
0110
0110
1111
5 5
01011
11001
00010
11011
10000
2 3
011
101


Output


1
1 1 2 1 2 2
2 
2 1 3 1 3 2
1 2 1 3 2 3
4
1 1 1 2 2 2 
1 3 1 4 2 3
3 2 4 1 4 2
3 3 4 3 4 4
4
1 2 2 1 2 2 
1 4 1 5 2 5 
4 1 4 2 5 1
4 4 4 5 3 4
2
1 3 2 2 2 3
1 2 2 1 2 2

Note

In the first test case, it is possible to make only one operation with cells (1, 1), (2, 1), (2, 2). After that, all symbols will be equal to 0.

In the second test case:

  * operation with cells (2, 1), (3, 1), (3, 2). After it the table will be: 
    
          
    011  
    001  
    000  
    

  * operation with cells (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3). After it the table will be: 
    
          
    000  
    000  
    000  
    




In the fifth test case:

  * operation with cells (1, 3), (2, 2), (2, 3). After it the table will be: 
    
          
    010  
    110  
    

  * operation with cells (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 2). After it the table will be: 
    
          
    000  
    000  
    

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.util.OptionalInt;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.List;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * Built using CHelper plug-in
 * Actual solution is at the top
 *
 * @author aryssoncf
 */
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InputStream inputStream = System.in;
        OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
        InputReader in = new InputReader(inputStream);
        OutputWriter out = new OutputWriter(outputStream);
        A2BinaryTableHardVersion solver = new A2BinaryTableHardVersion();
        int testCount = Integer.parseInt(in.next());
        for (int i = 1; i <= testCount; i++)
            solver.solve(i, in, out);
        out.close();
    }

    static class A2BinaryTableHardVersion {
        int[][][] path = null;

        public void solve(int testNumber, InputReader in, OutputWriter out) {
            if (path == null) {
                path = init();
            }
            int n = in.readInt(), m = in.readInt();
            char[][] table = in.readTable(n, m);
            List<int[]> res = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int r = 0; r < n; ) {
                int n2 = r + 3 == n ? 3 : 2;
                for (int c = 0; c < m; ) {
                    int m2 = c + 3 == m ? 3 : 2;
                    int start = 0;
                    for (int i = 0; i < n2; i++) {
                        for (int j = 0; j < m2; j++) {
                            if (table[r + i][c + j] == '1') {
                                start ^= 1 << (i * m2 + j);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    List<int[]> p = getPath(start, n2, m2);
                    for (int[] arr : p) {
                        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
                            arr[i] += i % 2 == 0 ? r + 1 : c + 1;
                        }
                    }
                    res.addAll(p);
                    c += m2;
                }
                r += n2;
            }
            out.printLine(res.size());
            for (int[] arr : res) {
                out.printLine(arr);
            }
        }

        List<int[]> getPath(int u, int n, int m) {
            int[] previous = path[n - 2][m - 2];
            List<int[]> res = new ArrayList<>();
            EzIntList list = new EzIntArrayList(6);
            while (u != 0) {
                int v = previous[u];
                int[] arr = new int[6];
                for (int i = 0; i < n * m; i++) {
                    if (((u ^ v) & (1 << i)) > 0) {
                        list.add(i / m);
                        list.add(i % m);
                    }
                }
                res.add(list.toArray());
                list.clear();
                u = v;
            }
            return res;
        }

        int[][][] init() {
            int[][][] res = new int[2][2][];
            for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
                    res[i][j] = getPath(i + 2, j + 2);
                }
            }
            return res;
        }

        int[] getPath(int n, int m) {
            Graph graph = new Graph(1 << (n * m));
            for (int u = 0; u < (1 << (n * m)); u++) {
                for (int r0 = 0; r0 < n - 1; r0++) {
                    for (int c0 = 0; c0 < m - 1; c0++) {
                        int aux = u;
                        for (int r = r0; r < r0 + 2; r++) {
                            for (int c = c0; c < c0 + 2; c++) {
                                aux ^= 1 << (r * m + c);
                            }
                        }
                        for (int r = r0; r < r0 + 2; r++) {
                            for (int c = c0; c < c0 + 2; c++) {
                                int v = aux ^ (1 << (r * m + c));
                                graph.addSimpleEdge(u, v);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            Pair<int[], int[]> dijkstra = ShortestDistance.bfs(graph, 0);
            if (ArrayUtils.maxElement(dijkstra.first) > n * m) {
                throw new UnknownError();
            }
            return Arrays.stream(dijkstra.second).map(i -> i == -1 ? -1 : graph.source(i)).toArray();
        }

    }

    static class Pair<U, V> implements Comparable<Pair<U, V>> {
        public final U first;
        public final V second;

        public static <U, V> Pair<U, V> makePair(U first, V second) {
            return new Pair<>(first, second);
        }

        private Pair(U first, V second) {
            this.first = first;
            this.second = second;
        }

        public boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (this == o) {
                return true;
            }
            if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
                return false;
            }

            Pair pair = (Pair) o;

            return Objects.equals(first, pair.first) &&
                    Objects.equals(second, pair.second);
        }

        public int hashCode() {
            int result = first != null ? first.hashCode() : 0;
            result = 31 * result + (second != null ? second.hashCode() : 0);
            return result;
        }

        public String toString() {
            return "(" + first + "," + second + ")";
        }

        public int compareTo(Pair<U, V> o) {
            int value = ((Comparable<U>) first).compareTo(o.first);
            if (value != 0) {
                return value;
            }
            return ((Comparable<V>) second).compareTo(o.second);
        }

    }

    static class Graph {
        public static final int REMOVED_BIT = 0;
        protected int vertexCount;
        protected int edgeCount;
        private int[] firstOutbound;
        private int[] firstInbound;
        private Edge[] edges;
        private int[] nextInbound;
        private int[] nextOutbound;
        private int[] from;
        private int[] to;
        private long[] weight;
        public long[] capacity;
        private int[] reverseEdge;
        private int[] flags;

        public Graph(int vertexCount) {
            this(vertexCount, vertexCount);
        }

        public Graph(int vertexCount, int edgeCapacity) {
            this.vertexCount = vertexCount;
            firstOutbound = new int[vertexCount];
            Arrays.fill(firstOutbound, -1);

            from = new int[edgeCapacity];
            to = new int[edgeCapacity];
            nextOutbound = new int[edgeCapacity];
            flags = new int[edgeCapacity];
        }

        public int addEdge(int fromID, int toID, long weight, long capacity, int reverseEdge) {
            ensureEdgeCapacity(edgeCount + 1);
            if (firstOutbound[fromID] != -1) {
                nextOutbound[edgeCount] = firstOutbound[fromID];
            } else {
                nextOutbound[edgeCount] = -1;
            }
            firstOutbound[fromID] = edgeCount;
            if (firstInbound != null) {
                if (firstInbound[toID] != -1) {
                    nextInbound[edgeCount] = firstInbound[toID];
                } else {
                    nextInbound[edgeCount] = -1;
                }
                firstInbound[toID] = edgeCount;
            }
            this.from[edgeCount] = fromID;
            this.to[edgeCount] = toID;
            if (capacity != 0) {
                if (this.capacity == null) {
                    this.capacity = new long[from.length];
                }
                this.capacity[edgeCount] = capacity;
            }
            if (weight != 0) {
                if (this.weight == null) {
                    this.weight = new long[from.length];
                }
                this.weight[edgeCount] = weight;
            }
            if (reverseEdge != -1) {
                if (this.reverseEdge == null) {
                    this.reverseEdge = new int[from.length];
                    Arrays.fill(this.reverseEdge, 0, edgeCount, -1);
                }
                this.reverseEdge[edgeCount] = reverseEdge;
            }
            if (edges != null) {
                edges[edgeCount] = createEdge(edgeCount);
            }
            return edgeCount++;
        }

        protected final GraphEdge createEdge(int id) {
            return new GraphEdge(id);
        }

        public final int addFlowWeightedEdge(int from, int to, long weight, long capacity) {
            if (capacity == 0) {
                return addEdge(from, to, weight, 0, -1);
            } else {
                int lastEdgeCount = edgeCount;
                addEdge(to, from, -weight, 0, lastEdgeCount + entriesPerEdge());
                return addEdge(from, to, weight, capacity, lastEdgeCount);
            }
        }

        protected int entriesPerEdge() {
            return 1;
        }

        public final int addWeightedEdge(int from, int to, long weight) {
            return addFlowWeightedEdge(from, to, weight, 0);
        }

        public final int addSimpleEdge(int from, int to) {
            return addWeightedEdge(from, to, 0);
        }

        public final int vertexCount() {
            return vertexCount;
        }

        public final int firstOutbound(int vertex) {
            int id = firstOutbound[vertex];
            while (id != -1 && isRemoved(id)) {
                id = nextOutbound[id];
            }
            return id;
        }

        public final int nextOutbound(int id) {
            id = nextOutbound[id];
            while (id != -1 && isRemoved(id)) {
                id = nextOutbound[id];
            }
            return id;
        }

        public final int source(int id) {
            return from[id];
        }

        public final int destination(int id) {
            return to[id];
        }

        public final boolean flag(int id, int bit) {
            return (flags[id] >> bit & 1) != 0;
        }

        public final boolean isRemoved(int id) {
            return flag(id, REMOVED_BIT);
        }

        protected void ensureEdgeCapacity(int size) {
            if (from.length < size) {
                int newSize = Math.max(size, 2 * from.length);
                if (edges != null) {
                    edges = resize(edges, newSize);
                }
                from = resize(from, newSize);
                to = resize(to, newSize);
                nextOutbound = resize(nextOutbound, newSize);
                if (nextInbound != null) {
                    nextInbound = resize(nextInbound, newSize);
                }
                if (weight != null) {
                    weight = resize(weight, newSize);
                }
                if (capacity != null) {
                    capacity = resize(capacity, newSize);
                }
                if (reverseEdge != null) {
                    reverseEdge = resize(reverseEdge, newSize);
                }
                flags = resize(flags, newSize);
            }
        }

        protected final int[] resize(int[] array, int size) {
            int[] newArray = new int[size];
            System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, array.length);
            return newArray;
        }

        private long[] resize(long[] array, int size) {
            long[] newArray = new long[size];
            System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, array.length);
            return newArray;
        }

        private Edge[] resize(Edge[] array, int size) {
            Edge[] newArray = new Edge[size];
            System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, array.length);
            return newArray;
        }

        protected class GraphEdge implements Edge {
            protected int id;

            protected GraphEdge(int id) {
                this.id = id;
            }

        }

    }

    static interface EzIntList extends EzIntCollection {
        int size();

        EzIntIterator iterator();

        int[] toArray();

        boolean add(int element);

        void clear();

        boolean equals(Object object);

        int hashCode();

        String toString();

    }

    static class OutputWriter {
        private final PrintWriter writer;

        public OutputWriter(OutputStream outputStream) {
            writer = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream)));
        }

        public OutputWriter(Writer writer) {
            this.writer = new PrintWriter(writer);
        }

        public void print(int[] array) {
            for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
                if (i != 0) {
                    writer.print(' ');
                }
                writer.print(array[i]);
            }
        }

        public void printLine(int[] array) {
            print(array);
            writer.println();
        }

        public void close() {
            writer.close();
        }

        public void printLine(int i) {
            writer.println(i);
        }

    }

    static interface IntCollection extends egork_generated_collections_IntStream {
        public int size();

        default public boolean isEmpty() {
            return size() == 0;
        }

        default public void add(int value) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        default public IntCollection addAll(egork_generated_collections_IntStream values) {
            for (IntIterator it = values.intIterator(); it.isValid(); it.advance()) {
                add(it.value());
            }
            return this;
        }

    }

    static class EzIntArrayList implements EzIntList, EzIntStack {
        private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
        private static final double ENLARGE_SCALE = 2.0;
        private static final int HASHCODE_INITIAL_VALUE = 0x811c9dc5;
        private static final int HASHCODE_MULTIPLIER = 0x01000193;
        private int[] array;
        private int size;

        public EzIntArrayList() {
            this(DEFAULT_CAPACITY);
        }

        public EzIntArrayList(int capacity) {
            if (capacity < 0) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Capacity must be non-negative");
            }
            array = new int[capacity];
            size = 0;
        }

        public EzIntArrayList(EzIntCollection collection) {
            size = collection.size();
            array = new int[size];
            int i = 0;
            for (EzIntIterator iterator = collection.iterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) {
                array[i++] = iterator.next();
            }
        }

        public EzIntArrayList(int[] srcArray) {
            size = srcArray.length;
            array = new int[size];
            System.arraycopy(srcArray, 0, array, 0, size);
        }

        public EzIntArrayList(Collection<Integer> javaCollection) {
            size = javaCollection.size();
            array = new int[size];
            int i = 0;
            for (int element : javaCollection) {
                array[i++] = element;
            }
        }

        public int size() {
            return size;
        }

        public EzIntIterator iterator() {
            return new EzIntArrayListIterator();
        }

        public int[] toArray() {
            int[] result = new int[size];
            System.arraycopy(array, 0, result, 0, size);
            return result;
        }

        public boolean add(int element) {
            if (size == array.length) {
                enlarge();
            }
            array[size++] = element;
            return true;
        }

        public void clear() {
            size = 0;
        }

        private void enlarge() {
            int newSize = Math.max(size + 1, (int) (size * ENLARGE_SCALE));
            int[] newArray = new int[newSize];
            System.arraycopy(array, 0, newArray, 0, size);
            array = newArray;
        }

        public boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (this == o) return true;
            if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
            EzIntArrayList that = (EzIntArrayList) o;

            if (size != that.size) {
                return false;
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                if (array[i] != that.array[i]) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }

        public int hashCode() {
            int hash = HASHCODE_INITIAL_VALUE;
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                hash = (hash ^ PrimitiveHashCalculator.getHash(array[i])) * HASHCODE_MULTIPLIER;
            }
            return hash;
        }

        public String toString() {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            sb.append('[');
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                sb.append(array[i]);
                if (i < size - 1) {
                    sb.append(", ");
                }
            }
            sb.append(']');
            return sb.toString();
        }

        private class EzIntArrayListIterator implements EzIntIterator {
            private int curIndex = 0;

            public boolean hasNext() {
                return curIndex < size;
            }

            public int next() {
                if (curIndex == size) {
                    throw new NoSuchElementException("Iterator doesn't have more elements");
                }
                return array[curIndex++];
            }

        }

    }

    static interface EzIntIterator {
        boolean hasNext();

        int next();

    }

    static class ShortestDistance {
        public static Pair<int[], int[]> bfs(Graph graph, int source) {
            int vertexCount = graph.vertexCount();
            final int[] distance = new int[vertexCount];
            int[] last = new int[vertexCount];
            Arrays.fill(distance, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
            Arrays.fill(last, -1);
            distance[source] = 0;
            IntQueue queue = new IntArrayQueue();
            queue.add(source);
            while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
                int current = queue.poll();
                int id = graph.firstOutbound(current);
                while (id != -1) {
                    int next = graph.destination(id);
                    int total = 1 + distance[current];
                    if (distance[next] > total) {
                        distance[next] = total;
                        queue.add(next);
                        last[next] = id;
                    }
                    id = graph.nextOutbound(id);
                }
            }
            return Pair.makePair(distance, last);
        }

    }

    static class InputReader {
        private final InputStream stream;
        private final byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
        private int curChar;
        private int numChars;
        private InputReader.SpaceCharFilter filter;

        public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
            this.stream = stream;
        }

        public char[] readCharArray(int size) {
            char[] array = new char[size];
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                array[i] = readCharacter();
            }
            return array;
        }

        public char[][] readTable(int rowCount, int columnCount) {
            char[][] table = new char[rowCount][];
            for (int i = 0; i < rowCount; i++) {
                table[i] = this.readCharArray(columnCount);
            }
            return table;
        }

        public int read() {
            if (numChars == -1) {
                throw new InputMismatchException();
            }
            if (curChar >= numChars) {
                curChar = 0;
                try {
                    numChars = stream.read(buf);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                }
                if (numChars <= 0) {
                    return -1;
                }
            }
            return buf[curChar++];
        }

        public int readInt() {
            int c = read();
            while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
                c = read();
            }
            int sgn = 1;
            if (c == '-') {
                sgn = -1;
                c = read();
            }
            int res = 0;
            do {
                if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                }
                res *= 10;
                res += c - '0';
                c = read();
            } while (!isSpaceChar(c));
            return res * sgn;
        }

        public String readString() {
            int c = read();
            while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
                c = read();
            }
            StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
            do {
                if (Character.isValidCodePoint(c)) {
                    res.appendCodePoint(c);
                }
                c = read();
            } while (!isSpaceChar(c));
            return res.toString();
        }

        public boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
            if (filter != null) {
                return filter.isSpaceChar(c);
            }
            return isWhitespace(c);
        }

        public static boolean isWhitespace(int c) {
            return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
        }

        public char readCharacter() {
            int c = read();
            while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
                c = read();
            }
            return (char) c;
        }

        public String next() {
            return readString();
        }

        public interface SpaceCharFilter {
            boolean isSpaceChar(int ch);

        }

    }

    static interface Edge {
    }

    static final class PrimitiveHashCalculator {
        private PrimitiveHashCalculator() {
        }

        public static int getHash(int x) {
            return x;
        }

    }

    static class ArrayUtils {
        public static int maxElement(int[] array) {
            return Arrays.stream(array).max().getAsInt();
        }

    }

    static interface IntQueue extends IntCollection {
        public int poll();

    }

    static class IntArrayQueue implements IntQueue {
        private int[] data;
        private int from;
        private int to;

        public IntArrayQueue(int capacity) {
            data = new int[Integer.highestOneBit(capacity) << 1];
        }

        public IntArrayQueue() {
            this(3);
        }

        public IntArrayQueue(int[] array) {
            this(array.length);
            to = array.length;
            System.arraycopy(array, 0, data, 0, to);
        }

        public IntArrayQueue(egork_generated_collections_IntStream s) {
            addAll(s);
        }

        public IntArrayQueue(IntCollection c) {
            this(c.size());
            addAll(c);
        }

        public int size() {
            return (to - from) & (data.length - 1);
        }

        public void add(int v) {
            ensureCapacity(size() + 1);
            data[to++] = v;
            to &= data.length - 1;
        }

        public int poll() {
            if (from == to) {
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            }
            int result = data[from++];
            from &= data.length - 1;
            return result;
        }

        public IntIterator intIterator() {
            return new IntIterator() {
                private int at = from;

                public int value() {
                    if (at == to) {
                        throw new NoSuchElementException();
                    }
                    return data[at];
                }

                public boolean advance() {
                    if (!isValid()) {
                        throw new NoSuchElementException();
                    }
                    at++;
                    at &= data.length - 1;
                    return isValid();
                }

                public boolean isValid() {
                    return at != to;
                }

                public void remove() {
                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
                }
            };
        }

        private void ensureCapacity(int capacity) {
            if (data.length <= capacity) {
                int[] newData = new int[Integer.highestOneBit(capacity) << 1];
                if (from <= to) {
                    System.arraycopy(data, from, newData, 0, size());
                } else {
                    System.arraycopy(data, from, newData, 0, data.length - from);
                    System.arraycopy(data, 0, newData, data.length - from, to);
                }
                to = size();
                from = 0;
                data = newData;
            }
        }

    }

    static interface EzIntStack extends EzIntCollection {
        int size();

        EzIntIterator iterator();

        boolean equals(Object object);

        int hashCode();

        String toString();

    }

    static interface egork_generated_collections_IntStream extends Iterable<Integer>, Comparable<egork_generated_collections_IntStream> {
        IntIterator intIterator();

        default Iterator<Integer> iterator() {
            return new Iterator<Integer>() {
                private IntIterator it = intIterator();

                public boolean hasNext() {
                    return it.isValid();
                }

                public Integer next() {
                    int result = it.value();
                    it.advance();
                    return result;
                }
            };
        }

        default int compareTo(egork_generated_collections_IntStream c) {
            IntIterator it = intIterator();
            IntIterator jt = c.intIterator();
            while (it.isValid() && jt.isValid()) {
                int i = it.value();
                int j = jt.value();
                if (i < j) {
                    return -1;
                } else if (i > j) {
                    return 1;
                }
                it.advance();
                jt.advance();
            }
            if (it.isValid()) {
                return 1;
            }
            if (jt.isValid()) {
                return -1;
            }
            return 0;
        }

    }

    static interface IntIterator {
        public int value() throws NoSuchElementException;

        public boolean advance();

        public boolean isValid();

    }

    static interface EzIntCollection {
        int size();

        EzIntIterator iterator();

        boolean equals(Object object);

        int hashCode();

        String toString();

    }
}