Problem: You are given one polygonal line, which is a collection of line segments. Your task is to calculate the sum of areas enclosed by the polygonal line.

A point is defined to be "enclosed" if and only if the point is unreachable without crossing at least one line segment from the point at infinity.



Input

The first line contains one integers N (2 ≤ N ≤ 100). N is the number of segments.

Each of the following N lines consists of two integers Xi and Yi (-105 ≤ Xi, Yi ≤ 105, 1 ≤ i ≤ N) which represents a vertex. A polygonal line is the segments which connect (Xj, Yj) and (Xj+1, Yj+1) ((Xj, Yj) ≠ (Xj+1, Yj+1), 1 ≤ j ≤ N-1). The distance between a segment Sj and all vertices except the end points on segment Sj is guaranteed to be greater than 0.01.

Output

Output the answer in a line. The answer may be printed with an arbitrary number of decimal digits, but may not contain an absolute or relative error greater than or equal to 10-6.

Examples

Input

5
0 0
1 1
1 0
0 1
0 0


Output

0.5


Input

5
0 0
1 1
1 0
0 1
1 0


Output

0.25


Input

21
1 1
-1 1
-1 2
-2 2
-2 1
-1 1
-1 -1
-2 -1
-2 -2
-1 -2
-1 -1
1 -1
1 -2
2 -2
2 -1
1 -1
1 1
2 1
2 2
1 2
1 1


Output

8


Input

16
0 0
1 0
1 1
0 1
0 2
0 3
1 3
1 2
2 2
2 3
3 3
3 2
3 1
2 1
2 0
3 0


Output

0


Input

7
26 52
33 12
-51 68
16 61
43 -26
87 24
12 10


Output

2714.840579710

Solution (in CPP):

Solution:
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <climits>
#include <ctime>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <algorithm>
#include <list>
#include <vector>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <iostream>
#include <deque>
#include <complex>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <sstream>
#include <bitset>
#include <valarray>
#include <iterator>
#include <assert.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long int ll;
typedef unsigned int uint;
typedef unsigned char uchar;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef pair<ll, ll> pll;
typedef vector<int> vi;

#define REP(i,x) for(int i=0;i<(int)(x);i++)
#define REPS(i,x) for(int i=1;i<=(int)(x);i++)
#define RREP(i,x) for(int i=((int)(x)-1);i>=0;i--)
#define RREPS(i,x) for(int i=((int)(x));i>0;i--)
#define FOR(i,c) for(__typeof((c).begin())i=(c).begin();i!=(c).end();i++)
#define RFOR(i,c) for(__typeof((c).rbegin())i=(c).rbegin();i!=(c).rend();i++)
#define ALL(container) (container).begin(), (container).end()
#define RALL(container) (container).rbegin(), (container).rend()
#define SZ(container) ((int)container.size())
#define mp(a,b) make_pair(a, b)
#define UNIQUE(v) v.erase( unique(v.begin(), v.end()), v.end() );

template<class T> bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) { if (a<b) { a=b; return 1; } return 0; }
template<class T> bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) { if (a>b) { a=b; return 1; } return 0; }
template<class T> ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, const vector<T> &t) {
os<<"["; FOR(it,t) {if(it!=t.begin()) os<<","; os<<*it;} os<<"]"; return os;
}
template<class T> ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, const set<T> &t) {
os<<"{"; FOR(it,t) {if(it!=t.begin()) os<<","; os<<*it;} os<<"}"; return os;
}
template<class S, class T> ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<S,T> &t) { return os<<"("<<t.first<<","<<t.second<<")";}
template<class S, class T> pair<S,T> operator+(const pair<S,T> &s, const pair<S,T> &t){ return pair<S,T>(s.first+t.first, s.second+t.second);}
template<class S, class T> pair<S,T> operator-(const pair<S,T> &s, const pair<S,T> &t){ return pair<S,T>(s.first-t.first, s.second-t.second);}

namespace geom{
#define X real()
#define Y imag()
#define at(i) ((*this)[i])
#define SELF (*this)
	enum {TRUE = 1, FALSE = 0, BORDER = -1};
	typedef int BOOL;
	typedef double R;
	const R INF = 1e8;
	const R EPS = 1e-8;
	const R PI = 3.1415926535897932384626;
	inline int sig(const R &x) { return (abs(x) < EPS ? 0 : x > 0 ? 1 : -1); }
	inline BOOL less(const R &x, const R &y) {return sig(x-y) ? x < y : BORDER;}
	typedef complex<R> P;
	inline R norm(const P &p){return p.X*p.X+p.Y*p.Y;}
	inline R inp(const P& a, const P& b){return (conj(a)*b).X;}
	inline R outp(const P& a, const P& b){return (conj(a)*b).Y;}
	inline P unit(const P& p){return p/abs(p);}
	inline P proj(const P &s, const P &t){return t*inp(s, t)/norm(t);}
	inline int ccw(const P &s, const P &t, const P &p, int adv=0){
		int res = sig(outp(t-s, p-s));
		if(res || !adv) return res;
		if(sig(inp(t-s, p-s)) < 0) return -2;	// p-s-t
		if(sig(inp(s-t, p-t)) < 0) return 2;	// s-t-p
		return 0;								// s-p-t
	}
	
	
	struct L : public vector<P>{	// line
		L(const P &p1, const P &p2){this->push_back(p1);this->push_back(p2);}
		L(){}
		P dir()const {return at(1) - at(0);}
		BOOL online(const P &p)const {return !sig(outp(p-at(0), dir()));}
	};
	struct S : public L{	// segment
		S(const P &p1, const P &p2):L(p1, p2){}
		S(){}
		BOOL online(const P &p)const {
			if(!sig(norm(p - at(0))) || !sig(norm(p - at(1)))) return BORDER;
			return !sig(abs(at(0)-p) + abs(at(1) - p) - abs(at(0) - at(1)));
		}
	};
	struct C : public P{
		C(){}
		C(const P& p, const R r):P(p), r(r){}
		R r;
		BOOL inside(const P& p)const { return less(norm(p-SELF), r*r);}
	};
	struct F : public C{
		R s, t;
		F(const C &c, R ss, R tt):C(c), s(ss), t(tt){
			if(PI < s) s -= 2*PI;
			if(PI < t) t -= 2*PI;
		}
		BOOL inside(const P& p)const {
			P v = p - SELF;
			if(!sig(norm(v))) return BORDER;
			R a = arg(v);
			if(t < s){
				if((!less(s, a) && !less(a, t)) || !less(norm(v), r*r)) return FALSE;
				return less(s, a) | less(a, t) | less(norm(v), r*r);
			}else{
				if(!less(s, a) || !less(a, t) || !less(norm(v), r*r)) return FALSE;
				return less(s, a) | less(a, t) | less(norm(v), r*r);
			}
		}
	};
	P crosspoint(const L &l, const L &m);
	struct G : public vector<P>{
		G(size_type size=0):vector(size){}
		S edge(int i)const {return S(at(i), at(i+1 == size() ? 0 : i+1));}
		BOOL contains(const P &p)const {
			R sum = .0;
			REP(i, size()){
				if(S(at(i), at((i+1)%size())).online(p)) return BORDER;	// online
				sum += arg((at(i) - p) / (at((i+1)%size()) - p));
			}
			return !!sig(sum);
		}
		R area()const {
			R sum = 0;
			REP(i, size()) sum += outp(at(i), at((i+1)%size()));
			return sum / 2.;
		}
		
		G convex_hull(bool online = false) {
			if(size() < 2) return *this;
			sort(ALL(*this));
			G r;
			r.resize((int)size()*2);
			int k=0;
			for(int i=0;i<size();r[k++]=at(i++))
				while(k>1 && ccw(r[k-2], r[k-1], at(i)) < 1-online) k--;
			int t = k;
			for(int i=(int)size()-1;i>=0;r[k++]=at(i--))
				while(k>t && ccw(r[k-2], r[k-1], at(i)) < 1-online) k--;
			r.resize(k-1);
			return r;
		}
		G cut(const L &l)const {
			G g;
			REP(i, size()){
				const S &s = edge(i);
				if(ccw(l[0], l[1], s[0], 0) >= 0) g.push_back(s[0]);
				if(ccw(l[0], l[1], s[0], 0) * ccw(l[0], l[1], s[1], 0) < 0)
					g.push_back(crosspoint(s, l));
			}
			return g;
		}
		G Voronoi(const vector<P> &p, const int t)const {
			G g = *this;
			REP(i, p.size())if(i!=t){
				const P m = (p[t]+p[i])*0.5;
				g = g.cut(L(m, m+(p[i]-p[t])*P(0, 1)));
			}
			return g;
		}
	};

	inline P proj(const P &s, const L &t){return t[0] + proj(s-t[0], t[1]-t[0]);}
	inline P reflect(const P &s, const L &t){return 2.*proj(s, t) - s;}
	inline S reflect(const S &s, const L &t){return S(reflect(s[0], t), reflect(s[1], t));}
	BOOL intersect(const S &s, const S &t){
		const int p = ccw(t[0], t[1], s[0], 1) * ccw(t[0], t[1], s[1], 1);
		const int q = ccw(s[0], s[1], t[0], 1) * ccw(s[0], s[1], t[1], 1);
		return (p>0||q>0) ? FALSE : (!p||!q) ? BORDER : TRUE;
	}
	BOOL intersect(const S &s, const L &l){
		if(l.online(s[0]) || l.online(s[1])) return BORDER;
		return (sig(outp(l.dir(), s[0]-l[0])) * sig(outp(l.dir(), s[1]-l[0])) <= 0);
	}
	R dist2(const L &l, const P &p){return norm(outp(l.dir(), p - l[0])) / norm(l.dir());}
	R dist2(const S &s, const P &p){
		if(inp(p-s[0],  s.dir()) < EPS) return norm(p - s[0]);
		if(inp(p-s[1], -s.dir()) < EPS) return norm(p - s[1]);
		return dist2((const L &)s, p);
	}
	R dist2(const S &s, const L &l){
		return intersect(s, l) ? .0 : min(dist2(l, s[0]), dist2(l, s[1]));
	}
	R dist2(const S &s, const S &t){
		return intersect(s, t) ? .0 : min(min(dist2(s, t[0]), dist2(t, s[0])), 
									   	  min(dist2(s, t[1]), dist2(t, s[1])));
	}
	template <class T> R dist2(const G &g, const T& t){ // todo: 内部に完全に含まれる場合
		R res = INF;
		REP(i, g.size()) res = min(res, dist2(g.edge(i), t));
		return res;
	}
	template<class S, class T> R dist(const S& s, const T& t){return sqrt(dist2(s, t));}
	inline BOOL intersect(const C &a, const C &b){
		return less((a.r-b.r)*(a.r-b.r), norm(a-b)) + less(norm(a-b), (a.r+b.r)*(a.r+b.r)) - 1;
	}
	inline BOOL intersect(const C &c, const L &l){
		return less(dist2(l, c), c.r*c.r);
	}
	inline BOOL intersect(const C &c, const S &s){
		int d = less(dist2(s, c), c.r*c.r);
		if(d != TRUE) return d;
		int p = c.inside(s[0]), q = c.inside(s[1]);
		return (p<0 || q<0) ? BORDER : p&q;
	}
	
	/*
	 * CCWでs[0]->s[1]にかけてが共通部分
	 */
	inline S crosspoint(const C &c1, const C &c2){
		if(!intersect(c1, c2)) return S();
		R d = abs(c1 - c2);
		R x = (c1.r*c1.r - c2.r*c2.r + d*d) / (2*d);
		R h = sqrt(c1.r*c1.r - x*x);
		P u = unit(c2-c1);
		return S(c1 + u*x + u*P(0,-1)*h, c1 + u*x + u*P(0,1)*h);
	}
	inline P crosspoint(const L &l, const L &m){
		R A = outp(l.dir(), m.dir()), B = outp(l.dir(), l[1] - m[0]);
		if(!sig(abs(A)) && !sig(abs(B))) return m[0]; // same line
		if(abs(A) < EPS) assert(false); // !!!PRECONDITION NOT SATISFIED!!!
		return m[0] + B / A * (m[1] - m[0]);
	}
	inline S crosspoint(const C &c, const L &l){
		R d2 = dist2(l, c);
		if(c.r*c.r+EPS < d2) return S();
		P m = proj(c, l);
		P u = unit(l[1]-l[0]);
		R d = sqrt(c.r*c.r - d2);
		return S(m+u*d, m-u*d);
	}
	inline vector<P> crosspoint(const C &c, const S &s){
		vector<P> res = crosspoint(c, (const L&)s);
		RREP(i, res.size()){
			if(inp(res[i]-s[0], s.dir())*inp(res[i]-s[1], -s.dir())<EPS)
				res.erase(res.begin() + i);
		}
		return res;
	}
	inline R commonarea(const C &a, const C &b){
		if(less(norm(a-b), (a.r-b.r)*(a.r-b.r)) == TRUE) return min(a.r*a.r, b.r*b.r)*PI;
		if(less((a.r+b.r)*(a.r+b.r), norm(a-b)) == TRUE) return .0;
		double d = abs(a-b);
		double rc = (d*d + a.r*a.r - b.r*b.r) / (2*d);
		double theta = acos(rc / a.r);
		double phi = acos((d - rc) / b.r);
		return a.r*a.r*theta + b.r*b.r*phi - d*a.r*sin(theta);
	}
	vector<L> CommonTangent(C c1, C c2){
		if(c1.r > c2.r) swap(c1, c2);
		double d = abs(c1-c2);
		vector<L> res;
		if(d < EPS) return res;
		if(d + EPS > c1.r + c2.r){
			// 内接線
			P crs = (c1*c2.r + c2*c1.r) / (c1.r + c2.r);
			double rad = asin(c1.r/abs(crs-c1));
			res.push_back(L(crs, crs + (c1-crs)*polar(1., rad)));
			res.push_back(L(crs, crs + (c1-crs)*polar(1., -rad)));
		}
		if(c1.r + d + EPS > c2.r){
			// 外接線
			double rad = 0.5*PI+asin((c2.r-c1.r) / d);
			P v = unit(c2-c1)*polar(1., rad);
			if(c1.r + d - EPS < c2.r){
				res.push_back(L(c1+v*c1.r, c1+v*c1.r+(c1-c2)*P(0, 1)));
			}else{
				res.push_back(L(c1+v*c1.r, c2+v*c2.r));
				v = 2.*proj(v, c2-c1) - v;
				res.push_back(L(c1+v*c1.r, c2+v*c2.r));
			}
		}
		return res;
	}
	
	
	struct Arrangement{
		struct AEdge{
			int u, v, t;
			R cost;
			AEdge(int u=0, int v=0, int t=0, R cost=0)
				:u(u), v(v), t(t), cost(cost){}
		};
		typedef vector<vector<AEdge>> AGraph;
		vector<P> p;
		AGraph g;
		Arrangement(){}
		Arrangement(vector<S> seg){
			int m = seg.size();
			REP(i, m){
				p.push_back(seg[i][0]);
				p.push_back(seg[i][1]);
				REP(j, i) if(sig(outp(seg[i].dir(), seg[j].dir())) && intersect(seg[i], seg[j]) == TRUE)
					p.push_back(crosspoint(seg[i], seg[j]));
			}
			sort(ALL(p)); UNIQUE(p);
			int n=p.size();
			g.resize(n);
			REP(i, m){
				S &s = seg[i];
				vector<pair<R, int>> ps;
				REP(j, n) if(s.online(p[j])) ps.emplace_back(norm(p[j] - s[0]), j);
				sort(ALL(ps));
				REP(j, (int)ps.size()-1){
					const int u=ps[j].second;
					const int v=ps[j+1].second;
					g[u].emplace_back(u, v, 0, abs(p[u] - p[v]));
					g[v].emplace_back(v, u, 0, abs(p[u] - p[v]));
				}
			}
		}
		
		int getIdx(P q){
			auto it = lower_bound(ALL(p), q);
			if(it == p.end() || *it != q) return -1;
			return it - p.begin();
		}
	};

	struct min_ball {
		P center;
		R radius2;
		min_ball(const vector<P>& p) {
			FOR(it, p) ps.push_back(*it);
		}
		min_ball& compile() {
			m = 0;
			center = P(0, 0);
			radius2 = -1;
			make_ball(ps.end());
			return *this;
		}
	private:
		list<P> ps;
		list<P>::iterator supp_end;
		int m;
		P v[3], c[3];
		R z[3], r[3];
		void pop() { --m; }
		void push(const P& p) {
			if (m == 0) {
				c[0] = p; r[0] = 0;
			} else {
				R e = norm(p-c[m-1]) - r[m-1];
				P delta = p - c[0];
				v[m] = p - c[0];
				for (int i = 1; i < m; ++i)
					v[m] -= v[i] * inp(v[i], delta) / z[i];
				z[m] = inp(v[m], v[m]);
				c[m] = c[m-1] + e*v[m]/z[m]*.5;
				r[m] = r[m-1] + e*e/z[m]*.25;
			}
			center	= c[m];
			radius2 = r[m]; ++m;
		}
		void make_ball(list<P>::iterator i) {
			supp_end = ps.begin();
			if (m == 3) return;
			for (list<P>::iterator k = ps.begin(); k != i; ) {
				list<P>::iterator j = k++;
				if (norm(*j-center) > radius2) {
					push(*j); make_ball(j); pop();
					move_to_front(j);
				}
			}
		}
		void move_to_front(list<P>::iterator j) {
			if (supp_end == j) ++supp_end;
			ps.splice (ps.begin(), ps, j);
		}
	};
	struct DualGraph{
		struct DEdge{
			int u, v, f, l;
			R a;
			DEdge(int u, int v, R a):u(u),v(v),f(0),l(0){
				while(PI < a) a -= 2*PI;
				while(a < -PI) a += 2*PI;
				this->a = a;
			}
			bool operator==(const DEdge &opp) const{
				return v==opp.v;
			}
			bool operator<(const DEdge &opp) const{
				return a>opp.a;
			}
			bool operator<(const R &opp) const{
				return a>opp;
			}
			friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, const DEdge &t) { return os<<"("<<t.u<<","<<t.v<<","<<t.a*180/PI<<")";}
		};
		
		int n;
		vector<P> p;
		vector<vector<DEdge>> g;
		DualGraph(const vector<P> &p):p(p),g(p.size()),n(p.size()){}
		void add_edge(int s, int t){
			R a = arg(p[t]-p[s]);
			g[s].emplace_back(s, t, a);
			g[t].emplace_back(t, s, a+PI);
		}
		vector<G> poly;
		
		void add_polygon(int s, int t, R a){
			auto e = lower_bound(ALL(g[s]), a-EPS);
			if(e == g[s].end()) e = g[s].begin();
			if(e->f) return;
			e->f = 1;
			e->l = t;
			poly[t].push_back(p[s]);
			add_polygon(e->v, t, e->a > 0 ? e->a-PI : e->a+PI);
		}
		
		vector<G> dual(){
			REP(i, n){
				sort(ALL(g[i]));
				UNIQUE(g[i]);
			}
			REP(i, n)REP(j, g[i].size())if(!g[i][j].f){
				poly.emplace_back();
				add_polygon(i, poly.size()-1, g[i][j].a+EPS);
			}
			return poly;
		}
	};

#undef SELF
#undef at
}

using namespace geom;


namespace std{
	bool operator<(const P &a, const P &b){return sig(a.X-b.X) ? a.X < b.X : a.Y+EPS < b.Y;}
	bool operator==(const P &a, const P &b){return !sig(norm(a-b));}
	istream& operator>>(istream &is, P &p){R x,y;is>>x>>y;p=P(x, y);return is;}
	istream& operator>>(istream &is, L &l){l.resize(2);return is >> l[0] >> l[1];}
	istream& operator>>(istream &is, C &c){return is >> (P &)c >> c.r;}
	const double B = 200;
	const double Z = .5;
	ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, const C &c){return os << "circle("<<B+Z*(c.X)<<", "<<1000-B-Z*(c.Y)<<", "<<Z*(c.r)<<")";}
	ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, const P &p){return os << C(p, 2.);}
	ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, const S &s){return os << "line("<<B+Z*(s[0].X)<<", "<<1000-B-Z*(s[0].Y)<<", "<<B+Z*(s[1].X)<<", "<<1000-B-Z*(s[1].Y)<<")";}
	ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, const G &g){REP(i, g.size()) cout << g.edge(i) << endl;return os;}
}

int n, m;

int main(){
	ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
	cin >> n;
	G gg;
	P prev, pp;
	vector<S> s;
	cin >> prev;
	REP(i, n-1){
		cin >> pp;
		s.emplace_back(prev, pp);
		prev = pp;
	}
	n--;
	vector<P> p;
	REP(i, n){
		p.push_back(s[i][0]);
		p.push_back(s[i][1]);
		REP(j, i)
			if(sig(outp(s[i].dir(), s[j].dir())) && intersect(s[i], s[j])) p.push_back(crosspoint(s[i], s[j]));
	}
	sort(ALL(p));UNIQUE(p);
	DualGraph dg(p);
	REP(i, n){
		vector<pair<R, int>> o;
		REP(j, p.size()) if(s[i].online(p[j])) o.emplace_back(norm(s[i][0] - p[j]), j);
		sort(ALL(o));
		REP(j, (int)o.size()-1) dg.add_edge(o[j].second, o[j+1].second);
	}
	const vector<G> &g = dg.dual();
	R sum = .0;
	printf("%.14f\n", -g[0].area());
	return 0;
}