Problem: Bashar was practicing for the national programming contest. Because of sitting too much in front of the computer without doing physical movements and eating a lot Bashar became much fatter. Bashar is going to quit programming after the national contest and he is going to become an actor (just like his father), so he should lose weight.

In order to lose weight, Bashar is going to run for k kilometers. Bashar is going to run in a place that looks like a grid of n rows and m columns. In this grid there are two one-way roads of one-kilometer length between each pair of adjacent by side cells, one road is going from the first cell to the second one, and the other road is going from the second cell to the first one. So, there are exactly (4 n m - 2n - 2m) roads.

Let's take, for example, n = 3 and m = 4. In this case, there are 34 roads. It is the picture of this case (arrows describe roads):

<image>

Bashar wants to run by these rules:

  * He starts at the top-left cell in the grid; 
  * In one move Bashar may go up (the symbol 'U'), down (the symbol 'D'), left (the symbol 'L') or right (the symbol 'R'). More formally, if he stands in the cell in the row i and in the column j, i.e. in the cell (i, j) he will move to: 
    * in the case 'U' to the cell (i-1, j); 
    * in the case 'D' to the cell (i+1, j); 
    * in the case 'L' to the cell (i, j-1); 
    * in the case 'R' to the cell (i, j+1); 
  * He wants to run exactly k kilometers, so he wants to make exactly k moves; 
  * Bashar can finish in any cell of the grid; 
  * He can't go out of the grid so at any moment of the time he should be on some cell; 
  * Bashar doesn't want to get bored while running so he must not visit the same road twice. But he can visit the same cell any number of times. 



Bashar asks you if it is possible to run by such rules. If it is possible, you should tell him how should he run.

You should give him a steps to do and since Bashar can't remember too many steps, a should not exceed 3000. In every step, you should give him an integer f and a string of moves s of length at most 4 which means that he should repeat the moves in the string s for f times. He will perform the steps in the order you print them.

For example, if the steps are 2 RUD, 3 UUL then the moves he is going to move are RUD + RUD + UUL + UUL + UUL = RUDRUDUULUULUUL.

Can you help him and give him a correct sequence of moves such that the total distance he will run is equal to k kilometers or say, that it is impossible?

Input

The only line contains three integers n, m and k (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 500, 1 ≤ k ≤ 10 ^{9}), which are the number of rows and the number of columns in the grid and the total distance Bashar wants to run.

Output

If there is no possible way to run k kilometers, print "NO" (without quotes), otherwise print "YES" (without quotes) in the first line.

If the answer is "YES", on the second line print an integer a (1 ≤ a ≤ 3000) — the number of steps, then print a lines describing the steps.

To describe a step, print an integer f (1 ≤ f ≤ 10^{9}) and a string of moves s of length at most 4. Every character in s should be 'U', 'D', 'L' or 'R'.

Bashar will start from the top-left cell. Make sure to move exactly k moves without visiting the same road twice and without going outside the grid. He can finish at any cell.

We can show that if it is possible to run exactly k kilometers, then it is possible to describe the path under such output constraints.

Examples

Input


3 3 4


Output


YES
2
2 R
2 L


Input


3 3 1000000000


Output


NO


Input


3 3 8


Output


YES
3
2 R
2 D
1 LLRR


Input


4 4 9


Output


YES
1
3 RLD


Input


3 4 16


Output


YES
8
3 R
3 L
1 D
3 R
1 D
1 U
3 L
1 D

Note

The moves Bashar is going to move in the first example are: "RRLL".

It is not possible to run 1000000000 kilometers in the second example because the total length of the roads is smaller and Bashar can't run the same road twice.

The moves Bashar is going to move in the third example are: "RRDDLLRR".

The moves Bashar is going to move in the fifth example are: "RRRLLLDRRRDULLLD". It is the picture of his run (the roads on this way are marked with red and numbered in the order of his running):

<image>

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.io.FileWriter; 
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
// Solution
 
public class Main 
{    
  public static void main (String[] argv) 
  {
	  new Main();
  } 
     
  
  boolean test = false;  
  final int[][] dirs8 = {{0,1}, {0,-1}, {-1,0}, {1,0}, {1,1},{1,-1},{-1,1},{-1,-1}};
  final int[][] dirs4 = {{0,1}, {0,-1}, {-1,0}, {1,0}};
  final int MOD = 1000000007;  //998244353;
  //final int MOD = 998244353;
  
  
  
  int[] fac;
  int[] ifac;
  int[] rfac;
  
  int[] pow2;
  
  int[] mobius;
  int[] sieve;
  int[][] factors;

  int[] weights;
  int[][] nbs;
  int[] edgeTo;
  int[] color;
  boolean[] visited;
  int[][] edges;
  
  final int INF = 10000;
  
  public Main() {
	FastReader in = new FastReader(new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)));
	
     
    //FastReader in = new FastReader(new BufferedReader(new FileReader("Main.in")));   
    
    //int nt = in.nextInt();    
    int nt = 1;
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

    for (int iq = 0; iq < nt; iq++)
    {  
       int n = in.nextInt();
       int m = in.nextInt();
       int k = in.nextInt();
       int cnt = 0;
       int nEdge = 4*n*m-2*m-2*n;
       if (k > nEdge) {
           System.out.println("NO");
           return;
       }
       
       
       if (k < m) {
           ++cnt;
           sb.append(k + " R\n");
       }else if (k > nEdge - n + 1) {
           if (m > 1) {sb.append((m-1) + " R\n"); ++cnt;}
           if (m > 1) {sb.append((m-1) + " L\n"); ++cnt;}
           
           for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
           {
                       sb.append("1 D\n");
                       ++cnt;
                       
                       if (m > 1) {sb.append((m-1) + " RUD\n"); ++cnt;}
                       if (m > 1) { sb.append((m-1) + " L\n"); ++cnt;}
                       
           }
           
           k -= nEdge - n + 1;
           if (k > 0) {
               sb.append(k + " U\n");
               ++cnt;
           }
       }else {
           k -= m - 1;
           if (m > 1) { sb.append((m-1) + " R\n");
           ++cnt;}
           if (k < m) {            
               sb.append(k + " L\n");
               ++cnt;
           }else {
               if (m > 1){
               sb.append((m-1) + " L\n");
               ++cnt;
               k -= m - 1;}               
               
               if (k > 0)
               {
                   int nOpR = (m-1) * 4 + 1;
                   int nr = k / nOpR;
                   k = k % nOpR;
                   for (int i = 0; i < nr; i++)
                   {
                       sb.append("1 D\n");++cnt;
                       if (m > 1) {sb.append((m-1) + " RUD\n"); ++cnt;}
                       if (m > 1) { sb.append((m-1) + " L\n"); ++cnt;}
                   }
                   
                   if (k == 1) {
                       sb.append("1 D\n");
                       ++cnt;
                   }else if (k > 1)
                   {
                       --k;
                       sb.append("1 D\n");
                       ++cnt;
                       
                       if (k > (m-1) * 3) {
                           if (m > 1) {sb.append((m-1) + " RUD\n");
                           ++cnt;}
                           k -= (m-1) * 3;
                           sb.append(k + " L\n");
                           ++cnt;
                       }else {
                           if (k/3 > 0) {
                              sb.append((k/3) + " RUD\n");
                              ++cnt;
                           }
                           k %= 3;
                           if (k == 1) {sb.append("1 R\n");    ++cnt;}
                           else if (k == 2) {++cnt; sb.append("1 RU\n");      }                     
                       }                       
                       
                   }
               }
               
           }
       }
       System.out.println("YES");
           System.out.println(cnt);
    }
    
    System.out.print(sb);
    
  }
  
  
  
  private boolean leapYear(int i)
  {
      return i % 400 == 0 || (i % 4 == 0 && i % 100 != 0);
  }
  
  
  //node:  1 2 .. n
  class TreeNbs {
      int n;
      int[][] edges;
      int[] deg;
      int[][] nbs;
      
      public TreeNbs(int n, int[][] edges)
      {
          this.n = n;
          this.edges = edges;
          deg = new int[n+1];
          nbs = new int[n+1][];
          
          for (int[] edge : edges)
          {
              int p = edge[0], q = edge[1];
              deg[p]++;
              deg[q]++;
          }
          
          for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
             nbs[i] = new int[deg[i]];
             deg[i] = 0;
          }
          
          for (int[] edge : edges)
          {
              int p = edge[0], q = edge[1];
              nbs[p][deg[p]++] = q;
              nbs[q][deg[q]++] = p;
          }
      }
  }
  
  private long dist(long x0, long y0, long x1, long y1)
  {
      return abs(y0 - y1) + abs(x0 - x1);
  }
  
  class Point {
      int x, y;
      public Point(int x, int y)
      {
          this.x = x;
          this.y = y;
      }
  }

  
  class Edge{
      int p, q;
      boolean used;
      public Edge(int pp, int qq)
      {
          p = pp;
          q = qq;
          used = false;
      }      
  }
  
  class Node implements Comparable<Node>{
      int id;
      long gain;
      public Node(int id, long gain)
      {
          this.id = id;
          this.gain = gain;
      }
      
      @Override
      public int compareTo(Node o){
          return Long.compare(gain, o.gain);
      }
  }
  
  private long[][] matIdentity(int n)
  {
      long[][] a = new long[n][n];
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
          a[i][i] = 1;
      return a;
  }
  private long[][] matPow(long[][] mat0, long p)
  {
      int n = mat0.length;
      long[][] ans = matIdentity(n);
      long[][] mat = matCopy(mat0);
      while (p > 0)
      {
          if (p % 2 == 1){
              ans = matMul(ans, mat);
          }
          
          p /= 2;
          mat = matMul(mat, mat);
      }
      return ans;
  }
  
  private long[][] matCopy(long[][] a)
  {
      int n = a.length;
      long[][] b = new long[n][n];
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
          for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
              b[i][j] = a[i][j];
      return b;
  }
  private long[][] matMul(long[][] a, long[][] b)
  {
      int n = a.length;
      
      long[][] c = new long[n][n];
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
      {
          for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
          {
              for (int k = 0; k < n; k++)
                  c[i][j] = (c[i][j] + a[i][k] * b[k][j]) % MOD;
          }
      }
      
      return c;
  }
  
  private long[] matMul(long[][] a, long[] b)
  {
      int n = a.length;
      
      long[] c = new long[n];
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
      {
          for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
              c[i] = (c[i] + a[i][j] * b[j]) % MOD;
      }
      
      return c;
  }
  
  class Mark implements Comparable<Mark> {
      int type, h;
      long x;
      public Mark(int h, long x, int type)
      {
         this.h = h;
         this.x = x;
         this.type = type;
      }      
      
      @Override
      public int compareTo(Mark o)
      {
          if (this.x == o.x) return type - o.type; // let end comes before start
          return Long.compare(x, o.x); 
      }
  }
  
  private boolean coLinear(int[] p, int[] q, int[] r)
  {
      return 1L * (p[1] - r[1]) * (q[0] - r[0]) == 1L * (q[1] - r[1]) * (p[0] - r[0]);
  }
  
  
  private void fill(char[] a, int lo, int c, char letter)
  {
      //System.out.println("fill " + lo + " " + c + " " + letter);
      for (int i = lo; i < lo + c; i++) a[i] = letter;
  }
  
  
  
  private int cntBitOne(String s){
      int c = 0, n = s.length();
      for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
          if (s.charAt(i) == '1') c++;
      return c;
  }
  
  class DSU {
      int n;
      int[] par;
      int[] sz;
      int nGroup;
      
      public DSU(int n)
      {
          this.n = n;
          par = new int[n];
          sz = new int[n];
          for (int i = 0;  i < n; i++){
              par[i] = i;
              sz[i] = 1;
          }
          nGroup = n;          
      }
      
      private boolean add(int p, int q) {
          int rp = find(p);
          int rq = find(q);
          if (rq == rp) return false;
          
          if (sz[rp] <= sz[rq]) {
              sz[rq] += sz[rp];
              par[rp] = rq;
          }else {
              sz[rp] += sz[rq];
              par[rq] = rp;
          }
          nGroup--;
          return true;
      }
      
      private int find(int p)
      {
          int r = p;
          while (par[r] != r) r = par[r];
          
          while (r != p) {
              int t = par[p];
              par[p] = r;
              p = t;
          }
          return r;
      }
      
  }
  
  
  // μ(n) = 1 if n is a square-free positive integer with an even number of prime factors. e.g.  6, 15
  // μ(n) = −1 if n is a square-free positive integer with an odd number of prime factors. e.g.  2, 3, 5, 2*3*5
  // μ(n) = 0 if n has a squared prime factor. e.g : 2*2,  3*3*5
  private void build_pow2_function(int n)
  {
      pow2 = new int[n+1];
       pow2[0] = 1;
       for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) pow2[i] = (int)(1L * pow2[i-1] * 2 % MOD);
  }
  
  private void build_fac_function(int n)
  {
      fac = new int[n+1];
      fac[0] = 1;
      for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
          fac[i] = (int)(1L * fac[i-1] * i % MOD);
  }
  
  private void build_ifac_function(int n)
  {
      ifac = new int[n+1];
      ifac[0] = 1;
      for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
          ifac[i] = (int)(1L * ifac[i-1] * inv(i) % MOD);
  }
  
  private void build_sieve_function(int n)
  {
      sieve = new int[n+1];
      for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
        sieve[i] = i;
      for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) 
      {
        if (sieve[i] == i){
            for (long j = 1L * i * i; j <= n; j += i)
                sieve[(int)j] = i;
        }
      }
  }
  
  private void build_mobius_function(int n)
  {
      mobius = new int[n+1];
      sieve = new int[n+1];
      factors = new int[n+1][];
      //for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)factors[i] = new ArrayList<>();
      for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
        sieve[i] = i;
      for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) 
      {
        if (sieve[i] == i){
            mobius[i] = -1;
            for (long j = 1L * i * i; j <= n; j += i)
                sieve[(int)j] = i;
        }
      }
      
      for (int i = 6; i <= n; i++)
      {
          if (sieve[i] != i) {
              int pre = i / sieve[i];
              if (pre % sieve[i] != 0)
                  mobius[i] = -mobius[pre];
          }
      }
      int[] sz = new int[n+1];
      long tot = 0;
      for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) 
      {
          if (mobius[i] != 0)
          {
              for (int j = i * 2; j <= n; j += i) {                  
                  sz[j]++;
                  tot++;
              }                  
          }
      }
      for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
          factors[i] = new int[sz[i]];
          sz[i] = 0;
      }
      
      
      for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) 
      {
          if (mobius[i] != 0)
          {
              for (int j = i * 2; j <= n; j += i) {
                  factors[j][sz[j]++] = i;
                  //factors[j].add(i);
              }                  
          }
      }
      //System.out.println("tot  =  "  + tot);
  }
  
  private int[] build_z_function(String s)
  {
      int n = s.length();
      int[] zfun = new int[n];
      
      int l = -1, r = -1;
      for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
      {
         // Set the start value
         if (i <= r)
            zfun[i] = Math.min(zfun[i-l], r - i + 1);
         
         while (i + zfun[i] < n && s.charAt(i + zfun[i]) == s.charAt(zfun[i])) 
             zfun[i]++;             
         
         if (i + zfun[i] - 1> r){
             l = i;
             r = i + zfun[i] - 1;
         }
      }
      
      if (test)
      {
          System.out.println("Z-function of " + s);
          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) System.out.print(zfun[i] + " ");
          System.out.println();
      }
      return zfun;
  }
  
  class BIT {
      int[] bit;
      int n;
      
      public BIT(int n){
          this.n = n;
          bit = new int[n+1];
      }
      
      private int query(int p)
      {
          int sum = 0;
          for (; p > 0; p -= (p & (-p)))
             sum += bit[p];
      
          return sum;
      }
  
      private void add(int p, int val)
      {
         //System.out.println("add to BIT " + p);
         for (; p <= n; p += (p & (-p)))
            bit[p] += val;
      }
  
  
  }
  
  
  
  private List<Integer> getMinFactor(int sum)
  {
      List<Integer>  factors = new ArrayList<>();
      
               for (int sz = 2; sz <= sum / sz; sz++){
                   if (sum % sz == 0) {
                       factors.add(sz);
                       factors.add(sum / sz);
                   }
               }
               if (factors.size() == 0)
                   factors.add(sum);
          
      return factors;
  }
  
  /* Tree class */
  class Tree {
      int V = 0;
      int root = 0;
      List<Integer>[] nbs;
      int[][] timeRange;
      int[] subTreeSize;
      int t;
      boolean dump = false;
      
      public Tree(int V, int root)
      {
          if (dump) 
              System.out.println("build tree with size = " + V + ", root = " + root); 
          
          this.V = V;          
          this.root = root;
          nbs = new List[V];
          subTreeSize = new int[V];
          for (int i = 0; i < V; i++)
              nbs[i] = new ArrayList<>();
          
              
      }
      
      public void doneInput()
      {
          dfsEuler();
      }
      
      public void addEdge(int p, int q)
      {
          nbs[p].add(q);
          nbs[q].add(p);
      }
      
      private void dfsEuler()
      {
          timeRange = new int[V][2];          
          t = 1;
          dfs(root);           
      }
      
      private void dfs(int node)
      {
          if (dump)
              System.out.println("dfs on node " + node + ", at time " + t);
          timeRange[node][0] = t;
          
          for (int next : nbs[node]) {
              if (timeRange[next][0] == 0)
              {
                  ++t;
                  dfs(next);                  
              }
          }
          timeRange[node][1] = t;
          subTreeSize[node] = t - timeRange[node][0] + 1;
      }
      
      public List<Integer> getNeighbors(int p) {
          return nbs[p];
      }
      
      public int[] getSubTreeSize(){
          return subTreeSize;
      }
      
      public int[][] getTimeRange()
      {
          if (dump){
              for (int i = 0; i < V; i++){
                  System.out.println(i + ": " + timeRange[i][0] + " - " + timeRange[i][1]);
              }
          }
          return timeRange;
      }
      
  }
  
  /* segment tree */
  class SegTree {
      int[] a;
      int[] tree;
      int[] treeMin;
      int[] treeMax;
      int[] lazy;
      int n;
      boolean dump = false;
      
      public SegTree(int n)
      {
          if (dump)
              System.out.println("create segTree with size " + n);
          this.n = n;
          treeMin = new int[n*4];
          treeMax = new int[n*4];
          lazy = new int[n*4];
      }
      
      public SegTree(int n, int[] a) {
          this(n);
          this.a = a;
          buildTree(1, 0, n-1);          
      }
      
      private void buildTree(int node, int lo, int hi)
      {
          if (lo == hi) {
              tree[node] = lo;
              return;
          }
          
          int m = (lo + hi) / 2;
          buildTree(node * 2, lo, m);
          buildTree(node * 2 + 1, m + 1, hi);
          pushUp(node, lo, hi);
      }
      
      
      private void pushUp(int node, int lo, int hi)
      {
          if (lo >= hi) return;
          
          // note that, if we need to call pushUp on a node, then lazy[node] must be zero.
          
          //the true value is the value + lazy
          treeMin[node] = Math.min(treeMin[node * 2] + lazy[node * 2], treeMin[node * 2 + 1] + lazy[node * 2 + 1]);
          treeMax[node] = Math.max(treeMax[node * 2] + lazy[node * 2], treeMax[node * 2 + 1] + lazy[node * 2 + 1]);
          // add combine fcn
      }
      
      private void pushDown(int node, int lo, int hi)
      {
          if (lazy[node] == 0) return;
          
          int lz = lazy[node];
          lazy[node] = 0;          
          
          
          treeMin[node] += lz;
          treeMax[node] += lz;     
          
          if (lo == hi) return;
          
          int mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
          lazy[node * 2] += lz;
          lazy[node * 2 + 1] += lz;
      }
      
      public int rangeQueryMax(int fr, int to)
      {
          return rangeQueryMax(1, 0, n-1, fr, to);
      }
      
      public int rangeQueryMax(int node, int lo, int hi, int fr, int to)
      {
          if (lo == fr && hi == to)
              return treeMax[node] + lazy[node];
          
          int mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
          pushDown(node, lo, hi);
          
          if (to <= mid) {
              return rangeQueryMax(node * 2, lo, mid, fr, to);
          }else if (fr > mid)
              return rangeQueryMax(node * 2 + 1, mid + 1, hi, fr, to);
          else {
              return Math.max(rangeQueryMax(node * 2, lo, mid, fr, mid),
                              rangeQueryMax(node * 2 + 1, mid + 1, hi, mid + 1, to));              
          }
      }
      
      public int rangeQueryMin(int fr, int to)
      {
          return rangeQueryMin(1, 0, n-1, fr, to);
      }
      
      public int rangeQueryMin(int node, int lo, int hi, int fr, int to)
      {
          if (lo == fr && hi == to)
              return treeMin[node] + lazy[node];
          
          int mid = (lo + hi) / 2;
          pushDown(node, lo, hi);
          
          if (to <= mid) {
              return rangeQueryMin(node * 2, lo, mid, fr, to);
          }else if (fr > mid)
              return rangeQueryMin(node * 2 + 1, mid + 1, hi, fr, to);
          else {
              return Math.min(rangeQueryMin(node * 2, lo, mid, fr, mid),
                              rangeQueryMin(node * 2 + 1, mid + 1, hi, mid + 1, to));              
          }
      }
      
       public void rangeUpdate(int fr, int to, int delta){
           rangeUpdate(1, 0, n-1, fr, to, delta);
       }
       
       
      public void rangeUpdate(int node, int lo, int hi, int fr, int to, int delta){
          pushDown(node, lo, hi);
          if (fr == lo && to == hi)
          {
              lazy[node] = delta;
              return;
          }
          
          int m = (lo + hi) / 2;
          if (to <= m) 
              rangeUpdate(node * 2, lo, m, fr, to, delta);
          else if (fr > m)
              rangeUpdate(node * 2 + 1, m + 1, hi, fr, to, delta);
          else  {
              rangeUpdate(node *  2, lo, m, fr, m, delta);
              rangeUpdate(node * 2 + 1, m + 1, hi, m + 1, to, delta);              
          }
          
          // re-set the in-variant
          pushUp(node, lo, hi);
      }
      
      
      
      public int query(int node, int lo, int hi, int fr, int to)
      {
          if (fr == lo && to == hi)
              return tree[node];
          
          int m = (lo + hi) / 2;
          if (to <= m) 
              return  query(node * 2, lo, m, fr, to);
          else if (fr > m)
              return query(node * 2 + 1, m + 1, hi, fr, to);
          
          int lid = query(node * 2, lo, m, fr, m);
          int rid = query(node * 2 + 1, m + 1, hi, m + 1, to);
          return a[lid] >= a[rid] ? lid : rid;
      }
      
      
  }
  
  
  private long inv(long v)
  {
      return pow(v, MOD-2);
  }
  
  private long pow(long v, long p)
  {
      long ans = 1;
      while (p > 0)
      {
          if (p % 2 == 1)
              ans = ans * v % MOD;
          v = v * v % MOD;
          p = p / 2;
      }
      return ans;
  }
  
  private double dist(double x, double y, double xx, double yy)
  {
      return Math.sqrt((xx - x) * (xx - x) + (yy - y) * (yy - y));
  }
  
 
  
 
  private int mod_add(int a, int b) {
      int v = a + b;
      if (v >= MOD) v -= MOD;
      return v;
  }
  
  
  private long overlap(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3, int y3, int x4, int y4) {
      if (x1 > x3) return overlap(x3, y3, x4, y4, x1, y1, x2, y2);
      
      if (x3 > x2 || y4 < y1 || y3 > y2) return 0L;
      
      //(x3, ?, x2, ?)
      int yL = Math.max(y1, y3);
      int yH = Math.min(y2, y4); 
      int xH = Math.min(x2, x4);
      
      return f(x3, yL, xH, yH);
  }
  //return #black cells in rectangle
  private long f(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) {
      long dx = 1L + x2 - x1;
      long dy = 1L + y2 - y1;
      if (dx % 2 == 0 || dy % 2 == 0 || (x1 + y1) % 2 == 0) 
          return 1L * dx * dy / 2;
      return 1L * dx * dy / 2 + 1;
  }
  
  private int distM(int x, int y, int xx, int yy) {
      return abs(x - xx) + abs(y - yy);
  }
  
  private boolean less(int x, int y, int xx, int yy) {
      return x < xx || y > yy;
  }
  
  private int mul(int x, int y) {
      return (int)(1L * x * y % MOD);
  }
  
  
 
  
  private int nBit1(int v) {
      int v0 = v;
      int c = 0;
      while (v != 0) {
          ++c;
          v = v & (v - 1);
      }
      return c;
  }
  
  private long abs(long v) {
      return v > 0 ? v : -v;
  }
  
  private int abs(int v) {
      return v > 0 ? v : -v;
  }
  
  private int common(int v) {
      int c = 0;
      while (v != 1) {
          v = (v >>> 1);
          ++c;
      }
      
      return c;
  }
  
  private void reverse(char[] a, int i, int j) {
      while (i < j) {
          swap(a, i++, j--);
      }
  }
  
  private void swap(char[] a, int i, int j) {
      char t = a[i];
      a[i] = a[j];
      a[j] = t;
  }
  
  private int gcd(int x, int y) {
      if (y == 0) return x;
      return gcd(y, x % y);
  }
  private long gcd(long x, long y) {
      if (y == 0) return x;
      return gcd(y, x % y);
  }
  private int max(int a, int b) {
      return a >  b ? a : b;
  }
  
  private long max(long a, long b) {
      return a >  b ? a : b;
  }
  
  private int min(int a, int b) {
      return a >  b ? b : a;
  }
  
  private long min(long a, long b) {
      return a >  b ? b : a;
  }
  
  static class FastReader
    {
        BufferedReader br;
        StringTokenizer st;
 
        public FastReader(BufferedReader in)
        {            
            br = in;
        }
 
        String next()
        {
            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements())
            {
                try
                {
                    String line = br.readLine();
                    if (line == null || line.length() == 0) return "";
                    st = new StringTokenizer(line);
                }
                catch (IOException  e)
                {
                    return "";
                    //e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return st.nextToken();
        }
 
        int nextInt()
        {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }
 
        long nextLong()
        {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }
 
        double nextDouble()
        {
            return Double.parseDouble(next());
        }
 
        String nextLine()
        {
            String str = "";
            try
            {
                str = br.readLine();
            }
            catch (IOException e)
            {
                return null;
                //e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return str;
        }
    }
}