Problem: A lot of people in Berland hates rain, but you do not. Rain pacifies, puts your thoughts in order. By these years you have developed a good tradition — when it rains, you go on the street and stay silent for a moment, contemplate all around you, enjoy freshness, think about big deeds you have to do. 

Today everything had changed quietly. You went on the street with a cup contained water, your favorite drink. In a moment when you were drinking a water you noticed that the process became quite long: the cup still contained water because of rain. You decided to make a formal model of what was happening and to find if it was possible to drink all water in that situation. 

Thus, your cup is a cylinder with diameter equals d centimeters. Initial level of water in cup equals h centimeters from the bottom. 

<image>

You drink a water with a speed equals v milliliters per second. But rain goes with such speed that if you do not drink a water from the cup, the level of water increases on e centimeters per second. The process of drinking water from the cup and the addition of rain to the cup goes evenly and continuously. 

Find the time needed to make the cup empty or find that it will never happen. It is guaranteed that if it is possible to drink all water, it will happen not later than after 104 seconds.

Note one milliliter equals to one cubic centimeter.

Input

The only line of the input contains four integer numbers d, h, v, e (1 ≤ d, h, v, e ≤ 104), where:

  * d — the diameter of your cylindrical cup, 
  * h — the initial level of water in the cup, 
  * v — the speed of drinking process from the cup in milliliters per second, 
  * e — the growth of water because of rain if you do not drink from the cup. 

Output

If it is impossible to make the cup empty, print "NO" (without quotes).

Otherwise print "YES" (without quotes) in the first line. In the second line print a real number — time in seconds needed the cup will be empty. The answer will be considered correct if its relative or absolute error doesn't exceed 10 - 4. It is guaranteed that if the answer exists, it doesn't exceed 104.

Examples

Input

1 2 3 100


Output

NO


Input

1 1 1 1


Output

YES
3.659792366325

Note

In the first example the water fills the cup faster than you can drink from it.

In the second example area of the cup's bottom equals to <image>, thus we can conclude that you decrease the level of water by <image> centimeters per second. At the same time water level increases by 1 centimeter per second due to rain. Thus, cup will be empty in <image> seconds.

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
//package HackerEarthA;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.text.*;
import java.math.*;
import java.util.regex.*;
import javafx.scene.layout.Priority;
import java.awt.Point;
/**
 *
 * @author prabhat // use stringbuilder, priorityQueue
 */
   public class  easy18{
   public  static long[] BIT;
   public  static long[] tree;
   public  static long[] sum;
   public  static int mod=1000000007;
   public  static int[][] dp;
   public  static boolean[][] isPalin;
   public  static int max1=1000010;
   public  static int[][] g;
   public  static LinkedList<Pair> l[];
   public  static int n,m,q,k,t,arr[],b[],cnt[],chosen[],pos[],val[],blockSize,count;
   public  static long V[],low,high,min=Long.MAX_VALUE,cap[],has[],ans,max;
   public  static ArrayList<Integer> adj[],al;
   public  static TreeSet<Integer> ts;
   public  static   char[][] s;
   public  static int depth,mini,maxi;
   public  static boolean visit[][],isPrime[],used[];
   public  static int[][] dist;
   public  static ArrayList<Integer>prime;
   public  static int[] x={0,1};
   public  static int[] y={-1,0};
   public  static ArrayList<Integer> divisor[]=new ArrayList[1500005];
   public  static  int[][] subtree,parent,mat;
   public  static  TreeMap<Integer,Integer> tm;
   public  static LongPoint[] p;
   public  static int[][] grid,memo;
   public  static ArrayList<Pair> list;
   public  static TrieNode root;
   public  static  LinkedHashMap<String,Integer> map;
   public  static ArrayList<String> al1;
   public  static BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
   public  static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
   {
   	   InputReader in = new InputReader(System.in);
	   PrintWriter pw=new PrintWriter(System.out);
	double d=in.ii();
	double h=in.ii();
	double v=in.ii();
	double e=in.ii();
	double e2=v*4.0/(Math.PI*d*d);
	if(e2<=e)pw.println("NO");
	else{
		pw.println("YES");
		pw.println(h/(e2-e));
	}
	   pw.close();
}
static double dist(Point p1,Point p2)
{
	return Math.sqrt((p1.x-p2.x)*(p1.x-p2.x)+(p1.y-p2.y)*(p1.y-p2.y));
}

static class coder {
	int indx;
	String name;
	coder(int indx,String name)
	{
		this.indx=indx;
		this.name=name;
	}
}
static class TrieNode
{
	int value;  // Only used in leaf nodes
	int freq;
	TrieNode[] arr =  new TrieNode[2];
	public TrieNode() {
		value = 0;
		freq=0;
		arr[0] = null;
		arr[1] = null;
	}
}
static void insert(int pre_xor,int add)
{
	TrieNode temp = root;
	
	// Start from the msb, insert all bits of
	// pre_xor into Trie
	for (int i=31; i>=0; i--)
	{
		// Find current bit in given prefix
		int val = (pre_xor & (1<<i)) >=1 ? 1 : 0;
		
		// Create a new node if needed
		if (temp.arr[val] == null)
			temp.arr[val] = new TrieNode();
		
		temp = temp.arr[val];
		temp.freq+=add;
	}
  
	// Store value at leaf node
	//temp.value = pre_xor;
}

static long query(int pre_xor)
{
	TrieNode temp = root;
	long ans=0;
	for (int i=31; i>=0; i--)
	{
		// Find current bit in given prefix
		int val = (pre_xor & (1<<i)) >= 1 ? 1 : 0;
		
		if(temp.arr[1-val]!=null&&temp.arr[1-val].freq>0)
		{
			ans|=1l<<i;
			temp=temp.arr[1-val];
		}
        else if(temp.arr[val]!=null&&temp.arr[val].freq>0)
            temp=temp.arr[val];
		else break;
	}
	return ans;
}
static void update(int indx,long val)
   {
	   while(indx<max1)
	   {
		   BIT[indx]+=val;
		   indx+=(indx&(-indx));
	   }
	   
   }
static long query1(int indx)
   {
	   long sum=0;
	   while(indx>0)
	   {
		  sum+=BIT[indx];
		   indx-=(indx&(-indx));
	   }
	   return sum;
	}
   

static int gcd(int a, int b) 
{
	int res=0;
	while(a!=0)
	{
		res=a;
		a=b%a;
		b=res;
	}
	return b;
}
static slope getSlope(Point p, Point q)
	{
		int dx = q.x - p.x, dy = q.y - p.y;
		int g = gcd(dx, dy);
		return new slope(dy / g, dx / g);
	}
	
static class slope implements Comparable<slope>
{
	int x,y;
	public slope(int y,int x)
	{
		this.x=x;
		this.y=y;
	}
	public int compareTo(slope s)
	{
		if(s.y!=y)return y-s.y;
	return x-s.x;
	}
}

static class Ball implements Comparable
	{
		int r;
		int occ;
		public Ball(int r,int occ)
		{
			this.r = r;
			this.occ = occ;
		}
		@Override
		public int compareTo(Object o) {
			Ball b = (Ball) o;
			return b.occ-this.occ;
		}
	}
static int bs(ArrayList<Long> al,long x)
{
	int s=0;
	int e=al.size();
	while(s<e)
	{
		int mid=(s+e)/2;
		if(al.get(mid)==x)return mid;
		else if(al.get(mid)<x)
		{
			s=mid+1;
		}
		else e=mid;
	}
	return -1;
}
static class E implements Comparable<E>{
	int x,y;
	char c;
	E(int  x,int y,char c)
	{
		this.x=x;
		this.y=y;
		this.c=c;
	}
	public int compareTo(E o)
	{
		if(x!=o.x)return o.x-x;
		else return y-o.y;
		
	}
}

static ArrayList<String> dfs(String s,String[] sarr,HashMap<String, ArrayList<String>> map)
{
   if(map.containsKey(s))return map.get(s);
   ArrayList<String> res=new ArrayList<>();
   if(s.length()==0)
   {
	   res.add("");
	   return res;
   }

   for(String word:sarr)
   {
	   if(s.startsWith(word))
	   {
		   ArrayList<String > sub=dfs(s.substring(word.length()),sarr,map);
		   for(String s2:sub)
		   {
			   res.add(word+ (s2.isEmpty() ? "" : " ")+s2);
		   }
	   }
   }
   map.put(s,res);
   return res;
}
static class SegmentTree{
  
  int n;
  int max_bound;
 
  public SegmentTree(int n)
  {
	
	  this.n=n;
	  tree=new long[4*n+1];
	  build(1,0,n-1);
  }
void build(int c,int s,int e)
{
   if(s==e)
   {
	   tree[c]=arr[s];
	   return ;
   }

   int mid=(s+e)>>1;
   build(2*c,s,mid);
   build(2*c+1,mid+1,e);
   tree[c]=(tree[2*c]&tree[2*c+1]);
}
void put(int c,int s, int e,int l,int r,int  v) {
	if(l>e||r<s||s>e)return ;
	if (s == e) 
	{
		tree[c] = arr[s]^v;
		return;
	}
	int mid = (s + e) >> 1;
	if (l>mid) put(2*c+1,m+1, e , l,r, v);
	else if(r<=mid)put(2*c,s,m,l,r , v);
	else{
      
	}
	
}
long query(int c,int s,int e,int l,int r)
{
   if(e<l||s>r)return 0L;

   if(s>=l&&e<=r)
   {
	return tree[c];
   }

	int mid=(s+e)>>1;
	long ans=(1l<<30)-1;
	if(l>mid)return query(2*c+1,mid+1,e,l,r);
	else if(r<=mid)return query(2*c,s,mid,l,r);
	else{
		return query(2*c,s,mid,l,r)&query(2*c+1,mid+1,e,l,r);
	}

 }
}  

   
   public static ListNode removeNthFromEnd(ListNode a, int b) {
       
    int cnt=0;
	ListNode ra1=a;
	ListNode ra2=a;
	while(ra1!=null){ra1=ra1.next; cnt++;}
	
	if(b>cnt)return a.next;
	else if(b==1&&cnt==1)return null;
	else{
		int y=cnt-b+1;
		int u=0;
		ListNode prev=null;
		while(a!=null)
		{
			u++;
		   if(u==y)
		   {
			   if(a.next==null)prev.next=null;
			   else
			   {
				   if(prev==null)return ra2.next;
				   prev.next=a.next;
				   a.next=null;
			   }
			   break;
		   }
		   prev=a;
		   a=a.next;
		}
	}
	return ra2;
}
   static ListNode rev(ListNode a)
   {
       ListNode prev=null;
       ListNode cur=a;
       ListNode next=null;
       while(cur!=null)
       {
           next=cur.next;
           cur.next=prev;
           prev=cur;
           cur=next;
       }
       return prev;
   }
  
  static class ListNode {
	     public int val;
	     public ListNode next;
	     ListNode(int x) { val = x; next = null; }
	 }
  
 
   public static String add(String s1,String s2)
   {
	   int n=s1.length()-1;
	   int m=s2.length()-1;
	   int rem=0;
	   int carry=0;
	   int i=n;
	   int j=m;
	   String ans="";
	   while(i>=0&&j>=0)
	   {
		 int c1=(int)(s1.charAt(i)-'0');
		 int c2=(int)(s2.charAt(j)-'0');
		 int sum=c1+c2;
		 sum+=carry;
		 rem=sum%10;
		 carry=sum/10;
         ans=rem+ans;
		  i--; j--;
		  
	   }
	   while(i>=0)
	   {
		int c1=(int)(s1.charAt(i)-'0');
	
		int sum=c1;
		sum+=carry;
		rem=sum%10;
		carry=sum/10;
		ans=rem+ans;
		i--;
	   }
	   while(j>=0)
	   {
	
		int c2=(int)(s2.charAt(j)-'0');
		int sum=c2;
		sum+=carry;
		rem=sum%10;
		carry=sum/10;
		ans=rem+ans;
		j--;
	   }

	   if(carry>0)ans=carry+ans;
	   return ans;
   }
   public static String[] multiply(String A, String B) {
	int lb=B.length();
	char[] a=A.toCharArray();
	char[] b=B.toCharArray();
	String[] s=new String[lb];
	int cnt=0;
	int y=0;
	String s1="";
q=0;
	for(int i=b.length-1;i>=0;i--)
	{
		int rem=0;
		int carry=0;
		
	
		for(int j=a.length-1;j>=0;j--)
		{
			int mul=(int)(b[i]-'0')*(int)(a[j]-'0');
			mul+=carry;
			rem=mul%10;
			carry=mul/10;
			s1=rem+s1;
		}
		s1=carry+s1;
		s[y++]=s1;
		q=Math.max(q,s1.length());
		s1="";
		for(int i1=0;i1<y;i1++)s1+='0';
		
	}
	return s;
}
   public static long nCr(long total, long choose)
   {
	   if(total < choose)
		   return 0;
	   if(choose == 0 || choose == total)
		   return 1;
	   return nCr(total-1,choose-1)+nCr(total-1,choose);
   }
 
 
   static int get(long s)
   {
	  int ans=0;
	  for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
	  {
		  if(p[i].x<=s&&s<=p[i].y)ans++;
	  }
	  return ans;
   }
   static class LongPoint {
	public long x;
	public long y;

	public LongPoint(long x, long y) {
		this.x = x;
		this.y = y;
	}

	public LongPoint subtract(LongPoint o) {
		return new LongPoint(x - o.x, y - o.y);
	}

	public long cross(LongPoint o) {
		return x * o.y - y * o.x;
	}

}
    static int CountPs(String s,int n)
       {
    	boolean b=false;
    	     char[] S=s.toCharArray();
	       int[][] dp=new int[n][n];
	       boolean[][] p=new boolean[n][n];
	       for(int i=0;i<n;i++)p[i][i]=true;
	     
	       for(int i=0;i<n-1;i++)
	       {
	    	   if(S[i]==S[i+1])
	    	   {
	    		p[i][i+1]=true;
	    		dp[i][i+1]=0;
	    		b=true;
	    	   }
	       }
	    
	       for(int gap=2;gap<n;gap++)
	       {
	    	   for(int i=0;i<n-gap;i++)
	    	   {
	    		   int j=gap+i;
	    		   if(S[i]==S[j]&&p[i+1][j-1]){p[i][j]=true;}
	    		  
	    		  if(p[i][j])
	    			   dp[i][j]=dp[i][j-1]+dp[i+1][j]+1-dp[i+1][j-1];
	    		   
	    		   else if(!p[i][j]) dp[i][j]=dp[i][j-1]+dp[i+1][j]-dp[i+1][j-1];
	    		  
	    		   //if(dp[i][j]>=1)
                             //  return true;
	    	   }
	       }
	      
	   // return b; 
    return dp[0][n-1];
	       
    }
  
  
  static void Seive()
  {
      isPrime=new boolean[1500005];
      Arrays.fill(isPrime,true);
	 for(int i=0;i<1500005;i++){divisor[i]=new ArrayList<>();}
	 int u=0;
	 prime=new ArrayList<>();
      for(int i=2;i<=(1500000);i++)
      {
         
          if(isPrime[i])
          {
			prime.add(i);
              for(int j=i;j<1500000;j+=i)
              {
                  
                  divisor[j].add(i);
                  
                  isPrime[j]=false;
              }
         /*    for(long x=(divCeil(low,i))*i;x<=high;x+=i)
             {
                 divisor[(int)(x-low)].add(i*1L);
             }*/
              
          }
      }
      
  }
  static long divCeil(long a,long b)
  {
      return (a+b-1)/b;
  }
  static long root(int pow, long x) {
        long candidate = (long)Math.exp(Math.log(x)/pow);
        candidate = Math.max(1, candidate);
        while (pow(candidate, pow) <= x) {
            candidate++;
        }
        return candidate-1;
    }
    
    static long pow(long x, int pow)
    {
        long result = 1;
        long p = x;
        while (pow > 0) {
            if ((pow&1) == 1) {
                if (result > Long.MAX_VALUE/p) return Long.MAX_VALUE;
                result *= p;
            }
            pow >>>= 1;
            if (pow > 0 && p >= 4294967296L) return Long.MAX_VALUE;
            p *= p;
        }
        return result;
    }
  
  static boolean valid(int i,int j)
  {
	  if(i>=0&&i<n&&j>=0&&j<m)return true;
	  return false;
  }
  private static class DSU{
		int[] parent;
		int[] rank;
		int cnt;
		public DSU(int n){
			parent=new int[n];
			rank=new int[n];
			for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
				parent[i]=i;
				rank[i]=1;
			}
			cnt=n;
		}
		int find(int i){
	        while(parent[i] !=i){
	        	parent[i]=parent[parent[i]];
	        	i=parent[i];
	        }
	        return i;
	    }
		int Union(int x, int y){
	        int xset = find(x);
	        int yset = find(y);
	        if(xset!=yset)
	        	cnt--;
	        if(rank[xset]<rank[yset]){
	        	parent[xset] = yset;
		        rank[yset]+=rank[xset];
		        rank[xset]=0;
		        return yset;
	        }else{
	        	parent[yset]=xset;
	        	rank[xset]+=rank[yset];
	        	rank[yset]=0;
	        	return xset;
	        }
	    }
	}
  public static int[][] packU(int n, int[] from, int[] to, int max) {
	    
	    int[][] g = new int[n][];
	    int[] p = new int[n];
	    for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) p[from[i]]++;
	    for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) p[to[i]]++;
	    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) g[i] = new int[p[i]];
	    for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) {
	        g[from[i]][--p[from[i]]] = to[i];
	        g[to[i]][--p[to[i]]] = from[i];
	    }
	    return g;
	}
	public static int[][] parents3(int[][] g, int root) {
	    int n = g.length;
	    int[] par = new int[n];
	    Arrays.fill(par, -1);

	    int[] depth = new int[n];
	    depth[0] = 0;

	    int[] q = new int[n];
	    q[0] = root;
	    for (int p = 0, r = 1; p < r; p++) {
	        int cur = q[p];
	        for (int nex : g[cur]) {
	            if (par[cur] != nex) {
	                q[r++] = nex;
	                par[nex] = cur;
	                depth[nex] = depth[cur] + 1;
	            }
	        }
	    }
	    return new int[][]{par, q, depth};
	}
	public static int lower_bound(int[] nums, int target) {
        int low = 0, high = nums.length - 1;
        while (low < high) {
            int mid = low + (high - low) / 2;
            if (nums[mid] < target)
                low = mid + 1;
            else
                high = mid;
        }
        return nums[low] == target ? low : -1;
    }

    public static int upper_bound(int[] nums, int target) {
        int low = 0, high = nums.length - 1;
        while (low < high) {
            int mid = low + (high + 1 - low) / 2;
            if (nums[mid] > target)
                high = mid - 1;
            else
                low = mid;
        }
        return nums[low] == target ? low : -1;
    }
  public static boolean palin(String s)
	{
	   int i=0;
	   int j=s.length()-1;
	   while(i<j)
	   {
		   if(s.charAt(i)==s.charAt(j))
		   {
			   i++;
			   j--;
		   }
		   else return false;     
	   }
	   return true;
	}
	
 
static int lcm(int a,int b)
{
	return (a*b)/(gcd(a,b));
}

public static long pow(long n,long p,long m)
{
	 long  result = 1;
	  if(p==0)
	    return 1;
	
	while(p!=0)
	{
	    if(p%2==1)
	        result *= n;
	    if(result>=m)
	    result%=m;
	    p >>=1;
	    n*=n;
	    if(n>=m)
	    n%=m;
	}
	return result;
}

    /**
     *
     * @param n
     * @param p
     * @return
     */
    public static long pow(long n,long p)
     {
	long  result = 1;
	  if(p==0)
	    return 1;
	if (p==1)
	    return n;
	while(p!=0)
	{
	    if(p%2==1)
	        result *= n;
	    p >>=1;
	    n*=n;
	}
	return result;

     }




static class Edge implements Comparator<Edge> {
	private int u;
	private int v;
	private long w;
	public Edge() {
	}
	public Edge(int u, int v, long w) {
		this.u=u;
		this.v=v;
		this.w=w;
	}
	public int getU() {
		return u;
	}
	public void setU(int u) {
		this.u = u;
	}
	public int getV() {
		return v;
	}
	public void setV(int v) {
		this.v = v;
	}
	public long getW() {
		return w;
	}
	public void setW(int w) {
		this.w = w;
	      }
	public long compareTo(Edge e)
	  {
		return (this.getW() - e.getW());
	}

        @Override
        public int compare(Edge o1, Edge o2) {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported yet."); //To change body of generated methods, choose Tools | Templates.
        }
	
}



static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair>
{
	int x,y;
	Pair (int a,int b)
	{
		this.x=a;
		this.y=b;
	}

	public int compareTo(Pair o) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(this.x!=o.x)
		return -Integer.compare(this.x,o.x);
		else
			return -Integer.compare(this.y, o.y);
		//return 0;
	}
	public boolean equals(Object o) {
       if (o instanceof Pair) {
           Pair p = (Pair)o;
           return p.x == x && p.y == y;
       }
       return false;
   }
   public int hashCode() {
       return new Integer(x).hashCode() * 31 + new Integer(y).hashCode();
   }
}

static  class InputReader
{
   private InputStream stream;
   private byte[] buf = new byte[1024];

   private SpaceCharFilter filter;
    byte inbuffer[] = new byte[1024];
   int lenbuffer = 0, ptrbuffer = 0;
    final int M = (int) 1e9 + 7;
   int md=(int)(1e7+1);
    int[] SMP=new int[md];
   final double eps = 1e-6;
   final double pi = Math.PI;

	PrintWriter out;
   String check = "";
 InputStream   obj = check.isEmpty() ? System.in : new ByteArrayInputStream(check.getBytes());
   public InputReader(InputStream stream)
   {
       this.stream = stream;
   }

    int readByte() {
	        if (lenbuffer == -1) throw new InputMismatchException();
	        if (ptrbuffer >= lenbuffer) {
	            ptrbuffer = 0;
	            try {
	                lenbuffer = obj.read(inbuffer);
	            } catch (IOException e) {
	                throw new InputMismatchException();
	            }
	        }
	        if (lenbuffer <= 0) return -1;
	        return inbuffer[ptrbuffer++];
   }

   public  int read()
   {
       int c = read();
       while (isSpaceChar(c))
           c = read();
       int sgn = 1;
       if (c == '-')
       {
           sgn = -1;
           c = read();
       }
       int res = 0;
       do
       {
           if (c < '0' || c > '9')
               throw new InputMismatchException();
           res *= 10;
           res += c - '0';
           c = read();
       } while (!isSpaceChar(c));
       return res * sgn;
   }

   String is() {
	        int b = skip();
	        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
	        while (!(isSpaceChar(b))) // when nextLine, (isSpaceChar(b) && b!=' ')
	        {
	            sb.appendCodePoint(b);
	            b = readByte();
	        }
	        return sb.toString();
   }
   public   int ii() {
	        int num = 0, b;
	        boolean minus = false;
	        while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-')) ;
	        if (b == '-') {
	            minus = true;
	            b = readByte();
	        }
	        while (true) {
	            if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
	                num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
	            } else {
	                return minus ? -num : num;
	            }
	            b = readByte();
	        }
   }
 public   long il() {
	        long num = 0;
	        int b;
	        boolean minus = false;
	        while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-')) ;
	        if (b == '-') {
	            minus = true;
	            b = readByte();
	        }
	        while (true) {
	            if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
	                num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
	            } else {
	                return minus ? -num : num;
	            }
	            b = readByte();
	        }
   }
   
	    boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
	        return (!(c >= 33 && c <= 126));
	       }

	      int skip()
	        {
	        int b;
	        while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && isSpaceChar(b)) ;
	        return b;
	        }

	    float nf() {
	        return Float.parseFloat(is());
	    }

	    double id() {
	        return Double.parseDouble(is());
	    }

	    char ic() {
	        return (char) skip();
	    }

	    int[] iia(int n) {
	        int a[] = new int[n];
	        for (int i = 0; i<n; i++) a[i] = ii();
	        return a;
	    }

	    long[] ila(int n) {
	        long a[] = new long[n];
	        for (int i = 0; i <n; i++) a[i] = il();
	        return a;
	    }

	    String[] isa(int n) {
	        String a[] = new String[n];
	        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = is();
	        return a;
	    }


		 long mul(long a, long b) { return a * b % M; }

			long div(long a, long b)
				 {
					return mul(a, pow(b, M - 2));

		           }



	    double[][] idm(int n, int m) {
	        double a[][] = new double[n][m];
	        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) a[i][j] = id();
	        return a;
	        }

	    int[][] iim(int n, int m) {
	        int a[][] = new int[n][m];
	        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) for (int j = 0; j <m; j++) a[i][j] = ii();
	        return a;
          }


   public String readLine() {
       int c = read();
       while (isSpaceChar(c))
           c = read();
       StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
       do {
           res.appendCodePoint(c);
           c = read();
       } while (!isEndOfLine(c));
       return res.toString();
   }

   public interface SpaceCharFilter
   {
       public boolean isSpaceChar(int ch);
   }
   public boolean isEndOfLine(int c) {
       return c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == -1;
   }
}

}