Problem: Iahubina is tired of so many complicated languages, so she decided to invent a new, simple language. She already made a dictionary consisting of n 3-words. A 3-word is a sequence of exactly 3 lowercase letters of the first 24 letters of the English alphabet (a to x). She decided that some of the letters are vowels, and all the others are consonants. The whole language is based on a simple rule: any word that contains at least one vowel is correct.

Iahubina forgot which letters are the vowels, and wants to find some possible correct sets of vowels. She asks Iahub questions. In each question, she will give Iahub a set of letters considered vowels (in this question). For each question she wants to know how many words of the dictionary are correct, considering the given set of vowels.

Iahubina wants to know the xor of the squared answers to all the possible questions. There are 224 different questions, they are all subsets of the set of the first 24 letters of the English alphabet. Help Iahub find that number.

Input

The first line contains one integer, n (1 ≤ n ≤ 104). Each of the next n lines contains a 3-word consisting of 3 lowercase letters. There will be no two identical 3-words.

Output

Print one number, the xor of the squared answers to the queries.

Examples

Input

5
abc
aaa
ada
bcd
def


Output

0

Solution (in JAVA):

Solution:
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class Main
{
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
    {
        //Reader in = new Reader();
        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        int n = Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
        int[] dp = new int[1 << 24];
        for (int i=0;i<n;i++)
        {
            String s = in.readLine();
            int mask = 0;
            for (int j=0;j<3;j++)
            {
                int x = s.charAt(j) - 'a';
                mask |= (1 << x);
            }
            dp[mask] ++;
        }
        int total = 1 << 24;
        long ans = 0L;
        for (int i=0;i<24;i++)
        {
            for (int mask = 0;mask < total;++mask)
            {
                if ((mask & (1 << i)) > 0)
                    dp[mask] += dp[mask ^ (1 << i)];
            }
        }
        for (int i=0;i<total;i++)
        {
            int x = ((1 << 24) - 1) ^ i;
            long count = n - dp[x];
            ans ^= count * count;
        }
        System.out.println(ans);
    }
}
class DSU
{
    int[] parent;
    int[] size;
    //Pass number of total nodes as parameter to the constructor
    DSU(int n)
    {
        this.parent = new int[n];
        this.size = new int[n];
        Arrays.fill(parent, -1);
    }

    public void makeSet(int v)
    {
        parent[v] = v;
        size[v] = 1;
    }

    public int findSet(int v)
    {
        if (v == parent[v]) return v;
        return parent[v] = findSet(parent[v]);
    }

    public void unionSets(int a, int b)
    {
        a = findSet(a);
        b = findSet(b);
        if (a != b)
        {
            if (size[a] < size[b])
            {
                int temp = a;
                a = b;
                b = temp;
            }
            parent[b] = a;
            size[a] += size[b];
        }
    }
}
class FastFourierTransform
{
    private void fft(double[] a, double[] b, boolean invert)
    {
        int count = a.length;
        for (int i = 1, j = 0; i < count; i++)
        {
            int bit = count >> 1;
            for (; j >= bit; bit >>= 1)
                j -= bit;
            j += bit;
            if (i < j)
            {
                double temp = a[i];
                a[i] = a[j];
                a[j] = temp;
                temp = b[i];
                b[i] = b[j];
                b[j] = temp;
            }
        }
        for (int len = 2; len <= count; len <<= 1)
        {
            int halfLen = len >> 1;
            double angle = 2 * Math.PI / len;
            if (invert)
                angle = -angle;
            double wLenA = Math.cos(angle);
            double wLenB = Math.sin(angle);
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i += len)
            {
                double wA = 1;
                double wB = 0;
                for (int j = 0; j < halfLen; j++)
                {
                    double uA = a[i + j];
                    double uB = b[i + j];
                    double vA = a[i + j + halfLen] * wA - b[i + j + halfLen] * wB;
                    double vB = a[i + j + halfLen] * wB + b[i + j + halfLen] * wA;
                    a[i + j] = uA + vA;
                    b[i + j] = uB + vB;
                    a[i + j + halfLen] = uA - vA;
                    b[i + j + halfLen] = uB - vB;
                    double nextWA = wA * wLenA - wB * wLenB;
                    wB = wA * wLenB + wB * wLenA;
                    wA = nextWA;
                }
            }
        }
        if (invert)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
            {
                a[i] /= count;
                b[i] /= count;
            }
        }
    }

    public long[] multiply(long[] a, long[] b)
    {
        int resultSize = Integer.highestOneBit(Math.max(a.length, b.length) - 1) << 2;
        resultSize = Math.max(resultSize, 1);
        double[] aReal = new double[resultSize];
        double[] aImaginary = new double[resultSize];
        double[] bReal = new double[resultSize];
        double[] bImaginary = new double[resultSize];
        for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
            aReal[i] = a[i];
        for (int i = 0; i < b.length; i++)
            bReal[i] = b[i];
        fft(aReal, aImaginary, false);
        fft(bReal, bImaginary, false);
        for (int i = 0; i < resultSize; i++)
        {
            double real = aReal[i] * bReal[i] - aImaginary[i] * bImaginary[i];
            aImaginary[i] = aImaginary[i] * bReal[i] + bImaginary[i] * aReal[i];
            aReal[i] = real;
        }
        fft(aReal, aImaginary, true);
        long[] result = new long[resultSize];
        for (int i = 0; i < resultSize; i++)
            result[i] = Math.round(aReal[i]);
        return result;
    }
}
class NumberTheory
{
    public boolean isPrime(long n)
    {
        if(n < 2)
            return false;
        for(long x = 2;x * x <= n;x++)
        {
            if(n % x == 0)
                return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
    public ArrayList<Long> primeFactorisation(long n)
    {
        ArrayList<Long> f = new ArrayList<>();
        for(long x=2;x * x <= n;x++)
        {
            while(n % x == 0)
            {
                f.add(x);
                n /= x;
            }
        }
        if(n > 1)
            f.add(n);
        return f;
    }
    public int[] sieveOfEratosthenes(int n)
    {
        //Returns an array with the smallest prime factor for each number and primes marked as 0
        int[] sieve = new int[n + 1];
        for(int x=2;x * x <= n;x++)
        {
            if(sieve[x] != 0)
                continue;
            for(int u=x*x;u<=n;u+=x)
            {
                if(sieve[u] == 0)
                {
                    sieve[u] = x;
                }
            }
        }
        return sieve;
    }
    public long gcd(long a, long b)
    {
        if(b == 0)
            return a;
        return gcd(b, a % b);
    }
    public long phi(long n)
    {
        double result = n;

        for(long p=2;p*p<=n;p++)
        {
            if(n % p == 0)
            {
                while (n % p == 0)
                    n /= p;
                result *= (1.0 - (1.0 / (double)p));
            }
        }
        if(n > 1)
            result *= (1.0 - (1.0 / (double)n));
        return (long)result;
    }
    public Name extendedEuclid(long a, long b)
    {
        if(b == 0)
            return new Name(a, 1, 0);
        Name n1 = extendedEuclid(b, a % b);
        Name n2 = new Name(n1.d, n1.y, n1.x - (long)Math.floor((double)a / b) * n1.y);
        return n2;
    }
    public long modularExponentiation(long a, long b, long n)
    {
        long d = 1L;
        String bString = Long.toBinaryString(b);
        for(int i=0;i<bString.length();i++)
        {
            d = (d * d) % n;
            if(bString.charAt(i) == '1')
                d = (d * a) % n;
        }
        return d;
    }
}
class Name
{
    long d;
    long x;
    long y;

    public Name(long d, long x, long y)
    {
        this.d = d;
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }
}
class SuffixArray
{
    int ALPHABET_SZ = 256, N;
    int[] T, lcp, sa, sa2, rank, tmp, c;

    public SuffixArray(String str)
    {
        this(toIntArray(str));
    }

    private static int[] toIntArray(String s)
    {
        int[] text = new int[s.length()];
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) text[i] = s.charAt(i);
        return text;
    }

    public SuffixArray(int[] text)
    {
        T = text;
        N = text.length;
        sa = new int[N];
        sa2 = new int[N];
        rank = new int[N];
        c = new int[Math.max(ALPHABET_SZ, N)];
        construct();
        kasai();
    }

    private void construct()
    {
        int i, p, r;
        for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) c[rank[i] = T[i]]++;
        for (i = 1; i < ALPHABET_SZ; ++i) c[i] += c[i - 1];
        for (i = N - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[--c[T[i]]] = i;
        for (p = 1; p < N; p <<= 1)
        {
            for (r = 0, i = N - p; i < N; ++i) sa2[r++] = i;
            for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) if (sa[i] >= p) sa2[r++] = sa[i] - p;
            Arrays.fill(c, 0, ALPHABET_SZ, 0);
            for (i = 0; i < N; ++i) c[rank[i]]++;
            for (i = 1; i < ALPHABET_SZ; ++i) c[i] += c[i - 1];
            for (i = N - 1; i >= 0; --i) sa[--c[rank[sa2[i]]]] = sa2[i];
            for (sa2[sa[0]] = r = 0, i = 1; i < N; ++i)
            {
                if (!(rank[sa[i - 1]] == rank[sa[i]]
                        && sa[i - 1] + p < N
                        && sa[i] + p < N
                        && rank[sa[i - 1] + p] == rank[sa[i] + p])) r++;
                sa2[sa[i]] = r;
            }
            tmp = rank;
            rank = sa2;
            sa2 = tmp;
            if (r == N - 1) break;
            ALPHABET_SZ = r + 1;
        }
    }

    private void kasai()
    {
        lcp = new int[N];
        int[] inv = new int[N];
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) inv[sa[i]] = i;
        for (int i = 0, len = 0; i < N; i++)
        {
            if (inv[i] > 0)
            {
                int k = sa[inv[i] - 1];
                while ((i + len < N) && (k + len < N) && T[i + len] == T[k + len]) len++;
                lcp[inv[i] - 1] = len;
                if (len > 0) len--;
            }
        }
    }
}
class ZAlgorithm
{
    public int[] calculateZ(char input[])
    {
        int Z[] = new int[input.length];
        int left = 0;
        int right = 0;
        for(int k = 1; k < input.length; k++) {
            if(k > right) {
                left = right = k;
                while(right < input.length && input[right] == input[right - left]) {
                    right++;
                }
                Z[k] = right - left;
                right--;
            } else {
                //we are operating inside box
                int k1 = k - left;
                //if value does not stretches till right bound then just copy it.
                if(Z[k1] < right - k + 1) {
                    Z[k] = Z[k1];
                } else { //otherwise try to see if there are more matches.
                    left = k;
                    while(right < input.length && input[right] == input[right - left]) {
                        right++;
                    }
                    Z[k] = right - left;
                    right--;
                }
            }
        }
        return Z;
    }
    public ArrayList<Integer> matchPattern(char text[], char pattern[])
    {
        char newString[] = new char[text.length + pattern.length + 1];
        int i = 0;
        for(char ch : pattern) {
            newString[i] = ch;
            i++;
        }
        newString[i] = '$';
        i++;
        for(char ch : text) {
            newString[i] = ch;
            i++;
        }
        ArrayList<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
        int Z[] = calculateZ(newString);

        for(i = 0; i < Z.length ; i++) {
            if(Z[i] == pattern.length) {
                result.add(i - pattern.length - 1);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
}
class KMPAlgorithm
{
    public int[] computeTemporalArray(char[] pattern)
    {
        int[] lps = new int[pattern.length];

        int index = 0;
        for(int i=1;i<pattern.length;)
        {
            if(pattern[i] == pattern[index])
            {
                lps[i] = index + 1;
                index++;
                i++;
            }
            else
            {
                if(index != 0)
                {
                    index = lps[index - 1];
                }
                else
                {
                    lps[i] = 0;
                    i++;
                }
            }
        }
        return lps;
    }

    public ArrayList<Integer> KMPMatcher(char[] text, char[] pattern)
    {
        int[] lps = computeTemporalArray(pattern);

        int j = 0;
        int i = 0;
        int n = text.length;
        int m = pattern.length;
        ArrayList<Integer> indices = new ArrayList<>();
        while(i < n)
        {
            if(pattern[j] == text[i])
            {
                i++;
                j++;
            }
            if(j == m)
            {
                indices.add(i - j);
                j = lps[j - 1];
            }
            else if(i < n && pattern[j] != text[i])
            {
                if(j != 0)
                    j = lps[j - 1];
                else
                    i = i + 1;
            }
        }
        return indices;
    }
}
class Hashing
{
    public long[] computePowers(long p, int n, long m)
    {
        long[] powers = new long[n];
        powers[0] = 1;
        for(int i=1;i<n;i++)
        {
            powers[i] = (powers[i - 1] * p) % m;
        }
        return powers;
    }
    public long computeHash(String s)
    {
        long p = 31;
        long m = 1_000_000_009;
        long hashValue = 0L;
        long[] powers = computePowers(p, s.length(), m);
        for(int i=0;i<s.length();i++)
        {
            char ch = s.charAt(i);
            hashValue = (hashValue + (ch - 'a' + 1) * powers[i]) % m;
        }
        return hashValue;
    }
}
class BasicFunctions
{
    public int maxOfIntArray(int[] A)
    {
        int max = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        for (int i=0;i<A.length;i++)    max = Math.max(max, A[i]);
        return max;
    }
    public long maxOfLongArray(long[] A)
    {
        long max = Long.MIN_VALUE;
        for (int i=0;i<A.length;i++)    max = Math.max(max, A[i]);
        return max;
    }
    public int minOfIntArray(int[] A)
    {
        int min = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        for (int i=0;i<A.length;i++)    min = Math.min(min, A[i]);
        return min;
    }
    public long minOfLongArray(long[] A)
    {
        long min = Long.MAX_VALUE;
        for (int i=0;i<A.length;i++)    min = Math.min(min, A[i]);
        return min;
    }

}
class MergeSortInt
{
    // Merges two subarrays of arr[].
    // First subarray is arr[l..m]
    // Second subarray is arr[m+1..r]
    void merge(int arr[], int l, int m, int r) {
        // Find sizes of two subarrays to be merged
        int n1 = m - l + 1;
        int n2 = r - m;

        /* Create temp arrays */
        int L[] = new int[n1];
        int R[] = new int[n2];

        /*Copy data to temp arrays*/
        for (int i = 0; i < n1; ++i)
            L[i] = arr[l + i];
        for (int j = 0; j < n2; ++j)
            R[j] = arr[m + 1 + j];


        /* Merge the temp arrays */

        // Initial indexes of first and second subarrays
        int i = 0, j = 0;

        // Initial index of merged subarry array
        int k = l;
        while (i < n1 && j < n2) {
            if (L[i] <= R[j]) {
                arr[k] = L[i];
                i++;
            } else {
                arr[k] = R[j];
                j++;
            }
            k++;
        }

        /* Copy remaining elements of L[] if any */
        while (i < n1) {
            arr[k] = L[i];
            i++;
            k++;
        }

        /* Copy remaining elements of R[] if any */
        while (j < n2) {
            arr[k] = R[j];
            j++;
            k++;
        }
    }

    // Main function that sorts arr[l..r] using
    // merge()
    void sort(int arr[], int l, int r) {
        if (l < r) {
            // Find the middle point
            int m = (l + r) / 2;

            // Sort first and second halves
            sort(arr, l, m);
            sort(arr, m + 1, r);

            // Merge the sorted halves
            merge(arr, l, m, r);
        }
    }

}
class MergeSortLong
{
    // Merges two subarrays of arr[].
    // First subarray is arr[l..m]
    // Second subarray is arr[m+1..r]
    void merge(long arr[], int l, int m, int r) {
        // Find sizes of two subarrays to be merged
        int n1 = m - l + 1;
        int n2 = r - m;

        /* Create temp arrays */
        long L[] = new long[n1];
        long R[] = new long[n2];

        /*Copy data to temp arrays*/
        for (int i = 0; i < n1; ++i)
            L[i] = arr[l + i];
        for (int j = 0; j < n2; ++j)
            R[j] = arr[m + 1 + j];


        /* Merge the temp arrays */

        // Initial indexes of first and second subarrays
        int i = 0, j = 0;

        // Initial index of merged subarry array
        int k = l;
        while (i < n1 && j < n2) {
            if (L[i] <= R[j]) {
                arr[k] = L[i];
                i++;
            } else {
                arr[k] = R[j];
                j++;
            }
            k++;
        }

        /* Copy remaining elements of L[] if any */
        while (i < n1) {
            arr[k] = L[i];
            i++;
            k++;
        }

        /* Copy remaining elements of R[] if any */
        while (j < n2) {
            arr[k] = R[j];
            j++;
            k++;
        }
    }

    // Main function that sorts arr[l..r] using
    // merge()
    void sort(long arr[], int l, int r) {
        if (l < r) {
            // Find the middle point
            int m = (l + r) / 2;

            // Sort first and second halves
            sort(arr, l, m);
            sort(arr, m + 1, r);

            // Merge the sorted halves
            merge(arr, l, m, r);
        }
    }
}
class Node
{

    int x;
    int y;

    public Node(int x, int y)
    {
        this.x = x;
        this.y = y;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object ob)
    {
        if(ob == null)
            return false;
        if(!(ob instanceof Node))
            return false;
        if(ob == this)
            return true;
        Node obj = (Node)ob;
        if(this.x == obj.x && this.y == obj.y)
            return true;
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode()
    {
        return (int)this.x;
    }
}
class Reader
{
    final private int BUFFER_SIZE = 1 << 16;
    private DataInputStream din;
    private byte[] buffer;
    private int bufferPointer, bytesRead;

    public Reader()
    {
        din = new DataInputStream(System.in);
        buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
        bufferPointer = bytesRead = 0;
    }

    public Reader(String file_name) throws IOException
    {
        din = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file_name));
        buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE];
        bufferPointer = bytesRead = 0;
    }

    public String readLine() throws IOException
    {
        byte[] buf = new byte[64]; // line length
        int cnt = 0, c;
        while ((c = read()) != -1)
        {
            if (c == '\n')
                break;
            buf[cnt++] = (byte) c;
        }
        return new String(buf, 0, cnt);
    }

    public int nextInt() throws IOException
    {
        int ret = 0;
        byte c = read();
        while (c <= ' ')
            c = read();
        boolean neg = (c == '-');
        if (neg)
            c = read();
        do
        {
            ret = ret * 10 + c - '0';
        }  while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9');

        if (neg)
            return -ret;
        return ret;
    }

    public long nextLong() throws IOException
    {
        long ret = 0;
        byte c = read();
        while (c <= ' ')
            c = read();
        boolean neg = (c == '-');
        if (neg)
            c = read();
        do {
            ret = ret * 10 + c - '0';
        }
        while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9');
        if (neg)
            return -ret;
        return ret;
    }

    public double nextDouble() throws IOException
    {
        double ret = 0, div = 1;
        byte c = read();
        while (c <= ' ')
            c = read();
        boolean neg = (c == '-');
        if (neg)
            c = read();

        do {
            ret = ret * 10 + c - '0';
        }
        while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9');

        if (c == '.')
        {
            while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9')
            {
                ret += (c - '0') / (div *= 10);
            }
        }

        if (neg)
            return -ret;
        return ret;
    }

    private void fillBuffer() throws IOException
    {
        bytesRead = din.read(buffer, bufferPointer = 0, BUFFER_SIZE);
        if (bytesRead == -1)
            buffer[0] = -1;
    }

    private byte read() throws IOException
    {
        if (bufferPointer == bytesRead)
            fillBuffer();
        return buffer[bufferPointer++];
    }

    public void close() throws IOException
    {
        if (din == null)
            return;
        din.close();
    }
}
class SegmentTree
{
    public int nextPowerOfTwo(int num)
    {
        if(num == 0)
            return 1;
        if(num > 0 && (num & (num - 1)) == 0)
            return num;
        while((num &(num - 1)) > 0)
        {
            num = num & (num - 1);
        }
        return num << 1;
    }
    public int[] createSegmentTree(int[] input)
    {
        int np2 = nextPowerOfTwo(input.length);
        int[] segmentTree = new int[np2 * 2 - 1];

        for(int i=0;i<segmentTree.length;i++)
            segmentTree[i] = Integer.MIN_VALUE;

        constructSegmentTree(segmentTree,input,0,input.length-1,0);
        return segmentTree;

    }
    private void constructSegmentTree(int[] segmentTree,int[] input,int low,int high,int pos)
    {
        if(low == high)
        {
            segmentTree[pos] = input[low];
            return;
        }
        int mid = (low + high)/ 2;
        constructSegmentTree(segmentTree,input,low,mid,2*pos + 1);
        constructSegmentTree(segmentTree,input,mid+1,high,2*pos + 2);
        segmentTree[pos] = Math.max(segmentTree[2*pos + 1],segmentTree[2*pos + 2]);
    }
    public int rangeMinimumQuery(int []segmentTree,int qlow,int qhigh,int len)
    {
        return rangeMinimumQuery(segmentTree,0,len-1,qlow,qhigh,0);
    }
    private int rangeMinimumQuery(int segmentTree[],int low,int high,int qlow,int qhigh,int pos)
    {
        if(qlow <= low && qhigh >= high){
            return segmentTree[pos];
        }
        if(qlow > high || qhigh < low){
            return Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        }
        int mid = (low+high)/2;
        return Math.max(rangeMinimumQuery(segmentTree, low, mid, qlow, qhigh, 2 * pos + 1),
                rangeMinimumQuery(segmentTree, mid + 1, high, qlow, qhigh, 2 * pos + 2));
    }
}
class Trie
{

    private class TrieNode
    {
        Map<Character, TrieNode> children;
        boolean endOfWord;
        public TrieNode()
        {
            children = new HashMap<>();
            endOfWord = false;
        }
    }

    private final TrieNode root;
    public Trie()
    {
        root = new TrieNode();
    }

    public void insert(String word)
    {
        TrieNode current = root;
        for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++)
        {
            char ch = word.charAt(i);
            TrieNode node = current.children.get(ch);
            if (node == null)
            {
                node = new TrieNode();
                current.children.put(ch, node);
            }
            current = node;
        }
        current.endOfWord = true;
    }

    public boolean search(String word)
    {
        TrieNode current = root;
        for (int i = 0; i < word.length(); i++)
        {
            char ch = word.charAt(i);
            TrieNode node = current.children.get(ch);
            if (node == null)
            {
                return false;
            }
            current = node;
        }
        return current.endOfWord;
    }

    public void delete(String word)
    {
        delete(root, word, 0);
    }

    private boolean delete(TrieNode current, String word, int index)
    {
        if (index == word.length())
        {
            if (!current.endOfWord)
            {
                return false;
            }
            current.endOfWord = false;
            return current.children.size() == 0;
        }
        char ch = word.charAt(index);
        TrieNode node = current.children.get(ch);
        if (node == null)
        {
            return false;
        }
        boolean shouldDeleteCurrentNode = delete(node, word, index + 1);

        if (shouldDeleteCurrentNode)
        {
            current.children.remove(ch);
            return current.children.size() == 0;
        }
        return false;
    }
}
class SegmentTreeLazy
{
    public int nextPowerOfTwo(int num)
    {
        if(num == 0)
            return 1;
        if(num > 0 && (num & (num - 1)) == 0)
            return num;
        while((num &(num - 1)) > 0)
        {
            num = num & (num - 1);
        }
        return num << 1;
    }

    public int[] createSegmentTree(int input[])
    {
        int nextPowOfTwo = nextPowerOfTwo(input.length);
        int segmentTree[] = new int[nextPowOfTwo*2 -1];

        for(int i=0; i < segmentTree.length; i++){
            segmentTree[i] = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        }
        constructMinSegmentTree(segmentTree, input, 0, input.length - 1, 0);
        return segmentTree;
    }

    private void constructMinSegmentTree(int segmentTree[], int input[], int low, int high,int pos)
    {
        if(low == high)
        {
            segmentTree[pos] = input[low];
            return;
        }
        int mid = (low + high)/2;
        constructMinSegmentTree(segmentTree, input, low, mid, 2 * pos + 1);
        constructMinSegmentTree(segmentTree, input, mid + 1, high, 2 * pos + 2);
        segmentTree[pos] = Math.min(segmentTree[2*pos+1], segmentTree[2*pos+2]);
    }

    public void updateSegmentTreeRangeLazy(int input[], int segmentTree[], int lazy[], int startRange, int endRange, int delta)
    {
        updateSegmentTreeRangeLazy(segmentTree, lazy, startRange, endRange, delta, 0, input.length - 1, 0);
    }

    private void updateSegmentTreeRangeLazy(int segmentTree[], int lazy[], int startRange, int endRange, int delta, int low, int high, int pos)
    {
        if(low > high)
        {
            return;
        }
        if (lazy[pos] != 0)
        {
            segmentTree[pos] += lazy[pos];
            if (low != high)
            {
                lazy[2 * pos + 1] += lazy[pos];
                lazy[2 * pos + 2] += lazy[pos];
            }
            lazy[pos] = 0;
        }

        if(startRange > high || endRange < low)
        {
            return;
        }

        if(startRange <= low && endRange >= high)
        {
            segmentTree[pos] += delta;
            if(low != high) {
                lazy[2*pos + 1] += delta;
                lazy[2*pos + 2] += delta;
            }
            lazy[pos] = 0;
        }

        int mid = (low + high)/2;
        updateSegmentTreeRangeLazy(segmentTree, lazy, startRange, endRange, delta, low, mid, 2*pos+1);
        updateSegmentTreeRangeLazy(segmentTree, lazy, startRange, endRange, delta, mid+1, high, 2*pos+2);
        segmentTree[pos] = Math.min(segmentTree[2*pos + 1], segmentTree[2*pos + 2]);
    }

    public int rangeMinimumQueryLazy(int segmentTree[], int lazy[], int qlow, int qhigh, int len)
    {
        return rangeMinimumQueryLazy(segmentTree, lazy, qlow, qhigh, 0, len - 1, 0);
    }

    private int rangeMinimumQueryLazy(int segmentTree[], int lazy[], int qlow, int qhigh, int low, int high, int pos)
    {
        if(low > high)
        {
            return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        }
        if (lazy[pos] != 0)
        {
            segmentTree[pos] += lazy[pos];
            if (low != high)
            {
                lazy[2 * pos + 1] += lazy[pos];
                lazy[2 * pos + 2] += lazy[pos];
            }
            lazy[pos] = 0;
        }

        if(qlow > high || qhigh < low)
        {
            return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        }

        if(qlow <= low && qhigh >= high)
        {
            return segmentTree[pos];
        }

        int mid = (low+high)/2;
        return Math.min(rangeMinimumQueryLazy(segmentTree, lazy, qlow, qhigh, low, mid, 2 * pos + 1), rangeMinimumQueryLazy(segmentTree, lazy,  qlow, qhigh, mid + 1, high, 2 * pos + 2));
    }
}
class BIT
{
    int size;
    int[] table;
    public BIT(int size)
    {
        table = new int[size];
        Arrays.fill(table, Integer.MIN_VALUE);
        this.size = size;
    }

    void update(int i, int delta)
    {
        while (i < size)
        {
            table[i] = Math.max(table[i], delta);
            i += Integer.lowestOneBit(i);
        }
    }

    int sum(int i)
    {
        int sum = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        while (i > 0)
        {
            sum = Math.max(sum, table[i]);
            i -= Integer.lowestOneBit(i);
        }
        return sum;
    }
}