Problem: We have an N×N checkerboard.

From the square at the upper left corner, a square that is i squares to the right and j squares below is denoted as (i, j). Particularly, the square at the upper left corner is denoted as (0, 0).

Each square (i, j) such that i+j is even, is colored black, and the other squares are colored white.

We will satisfy the following condition by painting some of the white squares:

* Any black square can be reached from square (0, 0) by repeatedly moving to a black square that shares a side with the current square.



Achieve the objective by painting at most 170000 squares black.

Constraints

* 1 \leq N \leq 1,000

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:


N


Output

Print the squares to paint in the following format:


K
x_1 y_1
x_2 y_2
:
x_K y_K


This means that a total of K squares are painted black, the i-th of which is (x_i, y_i).

Judging

The output is considered correct only if all of the following conditions are satisfied:

* 0 \leq K \leq 170000
* 0 \leq x_i, y_i \leq N-1
* For each i, x_i + y_i is odd.
* If i \neq j, then (x_i, y_i) \neq (x_j, y_j).
* The condition in the statement is satisfied by painting all specified squares.

Examples

Input

2


Output

1
1 0


Input

4


Output

3
0 1
2 1
2 3

Solution (in CPP):

Solution:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/*#include <ext/pb_ds/assoc_container.hpp>
#include <ext/pb_ds/tree_policy.hpp>
using namespace __gnu_pbds;
template<typename T> using gpp_set = tree<T, null_type, less<T>, rb_tree_tag, tree_order_statistics_node_update>;
template<typename T, typename L> using gpp_map = tree<T, L, less<T>, rb_tree_tag, tree_order_statistics_node_update>;
template<typename T> using gpp_multiset = tree<T, null_type, less_equal<T>, rb_tree_tag, tree_order_statistics_node_update>;*/
struct fast_ios { fast_ios(){ cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cout << fixed << setprecision(20); }; } fast_ios_;
#define FOR(i, begin, end) for(int i=(begin);i<(end);i++)
#define REP(i, n) FOR(i,0,n)
#define IFOR(i, begin, end) for(int i=(end)-1;i>=(begin);i--)
#define IREP(i, n) IFOR(i,0,n)
#define Sort(v) sort(v.begin(), v.end())
#define Reverse(v) reverse(v.begin(), v.end())
#define all(v) v.begin(),v.end()
#define SZ(v) ((int)v.size())
#define Lower_bound(v, x) distance(v.begin(), lower_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), x))
#define Upper_bound(v, x) distance(v.begin(), upper_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), x))
#define Max(a, b) a = max(a, b)
#define Min(a, b) a = min(a, b)
#define bit(n) (1LL<<(n))
#define bit_exist(x, n) ((x >> n) & 1)
#define debug(x) cout << #x << "=" << x << endl;
#define vdebug(v) { cout << #v << "=" << endl; REP(i_debug, v.size()){ cout << v[i_debug] << ","; } cout << endl; }
#define mdebug(m) { cout << #m << "=" << endl; REP(i_debug, m.size()){ REP(j_debug, m[i_debug].size()){ cout << m[i_debug][j_debug] << ","; } cout << endl;} }
#define Return(ans) { cout << (ans) << endl; return 0; }
#define pb push_back
#define f first
#define s second
#define int long long
#define INF 1000000000000000000
template<typename T> istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector<T> &v){ for (auto &x : v) is >> x; return is; }
template<typename T> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, vector<T> &v){ for(int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) { cout << v[i]; if(i != v.size() - 1) cout << endl; }; return os; }
template<typename T1, typename T2> ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, pair<T1, T2> p){ cout << '(' << p.first << ',' << p.second << ')'; return os; }
template<typename T> void Out(T x) { cout << x << endl; }
template<typename T1, typename T2> void Ans(bool f, T1 y, T2 n) { if(f) Out(y); else Out(n); }

using vec = vector<int>;
using mat = vector<vec>;
using Pii = pair<int, int>;
using PiP = pair<int, Pii>;
using PPi = pair<Pii, int>;
using Pdi = pair<double, int>;
using bools = vector<bool>;
using pairs = vector<Pii>;

//int dx[4] = {1,0,-1,0};
//int dy[4] = {0,1,0,-1};
//char d[4] = {'D','R','U','L'};

const int mod = 1000000007;
//const int mod = 998244353;
//#define Add(x, y) x = (x + (y)) % mod
//#define Mult(x, y) x = (x * (y)) % mod



signed main(){

    int N; cin >> N;
    vector<string> s(N, string(N, '.'));
    REP(i, N) REP(j, N) if((i + j) % 2 == 0) s[i][j] = '#';

    REP(i, N){
        s[0][i] = '#';
        s[i][0] = '#';
        s[N - 1][i] = '#';
        s[i][N - 1] = '#';
    }
    REP(i, N) REP(j, N) if(i % 2 == 0 && j % 2 == 1 && ((j - i) % 6 + 6) % 6 != 1) s[i][j] = '#';
    //Out(s);

    pairs ans;
    REP(i, N) REP(j, N) if((i + j) % 2 == 1 && s[i][j] == '#'){
        ans.pb(Pii(i, j));
    }
    Out(SZ(ans));
    for(auto q: ans) cout << q.f << " " << q.s << endl;

    return 0;
}