Problem: For a dictionary $M$ that stores elements formed by a pair of a string key and an integer value, perform a sequence of the following operations. Note that each key in $M$ must be unique.

* insert($key$, $x$): Insert an element formed by a pair of $key$ and $x$ to $M$.
* get($key$): Print the value with the specified $key$. Print 0 if there is no such element.
* delete($key$): Delete the element with the specified $key$.
* dump($L$, $R$): Print all elements formed by a pair of the key and the value such that the key is greater than or equal to $L$ and less than or equal to $R$ in lexicographic order.

Constraints

* $1 \leq q \leq 200,000$
* $1 \leq x \leq 1,000,000,000$
* $1 \leq $ length of $key$ $ \leq 20$
* $key$ consists of lower-case letters
* $L \leq R$ in lexicographic order
* The total number of elements printed by dump operations does not exceed $1,000,000$

Input

The input is given in the following format.


$q$
$query_1$
$query_2$
:
$query_q$


Each query $query_i$ is given by


0 $key$ $x$


or


1 $key$


or


2 $key$


or


3 $L$ $R$


where the first digits 0, 1, 2 and 3 represent insert, get, delete and dump operations.

Output

For each get operation, print the corresponding value.
For each dump operation, print the corresponding elements formed by a pair of the key and the value. For the dump operation, print the elements (a pair of key and value separated by a space character) in ascending order of the keys.

Example

Input

9
0 blue 4
0 red 1
0 white 5
1 red
1 blue
2 red
1 black
1 red
3 w z


Output

1
4
0
0
white 5

Solution (in CPP):

Solution:
#include <iostream>
#include <map>

int main() {
    int q;
    std::cin >> q;

    std::map<std::string, int> M;
    for (int i = 0; i < q; i++) {
        int op;
        std::string key;
        std::cin >> op;

        if (op == 0) {
            int x;
            std::cin >> key >> x;
            M[key] = x;
        } else if (op == 1) {
            std::cin >> key;
            if (M.count(key) > 0) {
                std::cout << M[key] << std::endl;
            } else {
                std::cout << 0 << std::endl;
            }
        } else if (op == 2) {
            std::cin >> key;
            if (M.count(key) > 0) {
                M.erase(key);
            }
        } else if (op == 3) {
            std::string L, R;
            std::cin >> L >> R;
            auto begin = M.lower_bound(L);
            auto end = M.upper_bound(R);
            for (auto it = begin; it != end; it++) {
                std::cout << it->first << " " << it->second << std::endl;
            }
        }
    }
}