Problem: You are given a permutation a_1, a_2, ..., a_n of numbers from 1 to n. Also, you have n sets S_1,S_2,..., S_n, where S_i=\\{a_i\}. Lastly, you have a variable cnt, representing the current number of sets. Initially, cnt = n.

We define two kinds of functions on sets:

f(S)=min_{u∈ S} u;

g(S)=max_{u∈ S} u.

You can obtain a new set by merging two sets A and B, if they satisfy g(A)<f(B) (Notice that the old sets do not disappear).

Formally, you can perform the following sequence of operations:

  * cnt← cnt+1;

  * S_{cnt}=S_u∪ S_v, you are free to choose u and v for which 1≤ u, v < cnt and which satisfy g(S_u)<f(S_v).




You are required to obtain some specific sets.

There are q requirements, each of which contains two integers l_i,r_i, which means that there must exist a set S_{k_i} (k_i is the ID of the set, you should determine it) which equals \\{a_u∣ l_i≤ u≤ r_i\}, which is, the set consisting of all a_i with indices between l_i and r_i.

In the end you must ensure that cnt≤ 2.2× 10^6. Note that you don't have to minimize cnt. It is guaranteed that a solution under given constraints exists.

Input

The first line contains two integers n,q (1≤ n ≤ 2^{12},1 ≤ q ≤ 2^{16}) — the length of the permutation and the number of needed sets correspondently.

The next line consists of n integers a_1,a_2,⋅⋅⋅, a_n (1≤ a_i≤ n, a_i are pairwise distinct) — given permutation.

i-th of the next q lines contains two integers l_i,r_i (1≤ l_i≤ r_i≤ n), describing a requirement of the i-th set.

Output

It is guaranteed that a solution under given constraints exists.

The first line should contain one integer cnt_E (n≤ cnt_E≤ 2.2× 10^6), representing the number of sets after all operations.

cnt_E-n lines must follow, each line should contain two integers u, v (1≤ u, v≤ cnt', where cnt' is the value of cnt before this operation), meaning that you choose S_u, S_v and perform a merging operation. In an operation, g(S_u)<f(S_v) must be satisfied.

The last line should contain q integers k_1,k_2,⋅⋅⋅,k_q (1≤ k_i≤ cnt_E), representing that set S_{k_i} is the ith required set.

Please notice the large amount of output.

Examples

Input


3 2
1 3 2
2 3
1 3


Output


6
3 2
1 3
5 2
4 6 

Input


2 4
2 1
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 1


Output


5
2 1
2 1
2 1
5 3 3 1

Note

In the first sample:

We have S_1=\{1\},S_2=\{3\},S_3=\{2\} initially.

In the first operation, because g(S_3)=2<f(S_2)=3, we can merge S_3,S_2 into S_4=\{2,3\}.

In the second operation, because g(S_1)=1<f(S_3)=2, we can merge S_1,S_3 into S_5=\{1,2\}.

In the third operation, because g(S_5)=2<f(S_2)=3, we can merge S_5,S_2 into S_6=\{1,2,3\}.

For the first requirement, S_4=\{2,3\}=\\{a_2,a_3\}, satisfies it, thus k_1=4.

For the second requirement, S_6=\{1,2,3\}=\\{a_1,a_2,a_3\}, satisfies it, thus k_2=6

Notice that unused sets, identical sets, outputting the same set multiple times, and using sets that are present initially are all allowed.

Solution (in CPP):

Solution:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
int read() {
  int s = 0, f = 1;
  char ch = getchar();
  while (ch < '0' || ch > '9') {
    if (ch == '-') f = -1;
    ch = getchar();
  }
  while (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9')
    s = (s << 3) + (s << 1) + ch - '0', ch = getchar();
  return f * s;
}
int a[2200000], b[2200000], tot, pos[5000], v[5000], cc, ans[100010], n, m;
vector<int> wei;
int merge(int x, int y) {
  if (!x || !y) return x + y;
  ++tot, a[tot] = x, b[tot] = y;
  return tot;
}
struct node {
  vector<vector<int> > id;
  vector<int> val;
  void init(int sz) {
    id.resize(sz);
    val.resize(sz);
    for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) id[i].resize(sz);
  }
  void insert(int x) {
    init(1);
    id[0][0] = val[0] = pos[x];
  }
  int ask(int l, int r) {
    if (l > val.back() || r < val.front()) return 0;
    int x = lower_bound(val.begin(), val.end(), l) - val.begin(),
        y = upper_bound(val.begin(), val.end(), r) - val.begin() - 1;
    return x <= y ? id[x][y] : 0;
  }
} t[20];
node build(int l, int r) {
  node cur;
  if (l == r) return cur.insert(l), cur;
  node ls = build(l, (l + r >> 1)), rs = build((l + r >> 1) + 1, r);
  cur.init(r - l + 1);
  merge(ls.val.begin(), ls.val.end(), rs.val.begin(), rs.val.end(),
        cur.val.begin());
  for (int i = 0; i < cur.val.size(); i++)
    for (int j = i; j < cur.val.size(); j++)
      cur.id[i][j] =
          merge(ls.ask(cur.val[i], cur.val[j]), rs.ask(cur.val[i], cur.val[j]));
  return cur;
}
int main() {
  tot = n = read(), m = read();
  for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) pos[v[i] = read()] = i;
  for (cc = 1; (cc - 1) * 300 + 1 <= n; cc++)
    t[cc] = build((cc - 1) * 300 + 1, min(n, cc * 300));
  for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
    int l = read(), r = read();
    for (int j = 1; j < cc; j++) ans[i] = merge(ans[i], t[j].ask(l, r));
  }
  printf("%d\n", tot);
  for (int i = n + 1; i <= tot; i++) printf("%d %d\n", a[i], b[i]);
  for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) printf("%d ", ans[i]);
  return 0;
}