---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
language_creators:
- crowdsourced
- found
language:
- en
license: cc-by-sa-4.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
source_datasets:
- extended|wikipedia
task_categories:
- question-answering
task_ids:
- extractive-qa
paperswithcode_id: squad
pretty_name: SQuAD
dataset_info:
  config_name: plain_text
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: title
    dtype: string
  - name: context
    dtype: string
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: answers
    sequence:
    - name: text
      dtype: string
    - name: answer_start
      dtype: int32
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 79346108
    num_examples: 87599
  - name: validation
    num_bytes: 10472984
    num_examples: 10570
  download_size: 16278203
  dataset_size: 89819092
configs:
- config_name: plain_text
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: plain_text/train-*
  - split: validation
    path: plain_text/validation-*
  default: true
train-eval-index:
- config: plain_text
  task: question-answering
  task_id: extractive_question_answering
  splits:
    train_split: train
    eval_split: validation
  col_mapping:
    question: question
    context: context
    answers:
      text: text
      answer_start: answer_start
  metrics:
  - type: squad
    name: SQuAD
---

# Dataset Card for SQuAD

## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Card for "squad"](#dataset-card-for-squad)
  - [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
  - [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
    - [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
    - [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
    - [Languages](#languages)
  - [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
    - [Data Instances](#data-instances)
      - [plain_text](#plain_text)
    - [Data Fields](#data-fields)
      - [plain_text](#plain_text-1)
    - [Data Splits](#data-splits)
  - [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
    - [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
    - [Source Data](#source-data)
      - [Initial Data Collection and Normalization](#initial-data-collection-and-normalization)
      - [Who are the source language producers?](#who-are-the-source-language-producers)
    - [Annotations](#annotations)
      - [Annotation process](#annotation-process)
      - [Who are the annotators?](#who-are-the-annotators)
    - [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
  - [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
    - [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
    - [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
    - [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
  - [Additional Information](#additional-information)
    - [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
    - [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
    - [Citation Information](#citation-information)
    - [Contributions](#contributions)

## Dataset Description

- **Homepage:** https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.05250
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Dataset Summary

Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD) is a reading comprehension dataset, consisting of questions posed by crowdworkers on a set of Wikipedia articles, where the answer to every question is a segment of text, or span, from the corresponding reading passage, or the question might be unanswerable.

SQuAD 1.1 contains 100,000+ question-answer pairs on 500+ articles.

### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

Question Answering.

### Languages

English (`en`).

## Dataset Structure

### Data Instances

#### plain_text

- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 35.14 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 89.92 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 125.06 MB

An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
    "answers": {
        "answer_start": [1],
        "text": ["This is a test text"]
    },
    "context": "This is a test context.",
    "id": "1",
    "question": "Is this a test?",
    "title": "train test"
}
```

### Data Fields

The data fields are the same among all splits.

#### plain_text
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `title`: a `string` feature.
- `context`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `answers`: a dictionary feature containing:
  - `text`: a `string` feature.
  - `answer_start`: a `int32` feature.

### Data Splits

|   name   |train|validation|
|----------|----:|---------:|
|plain_text|87599|     10570|

## Dataset Creation

### Curation Rationale

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Source Data

#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

#### Who are the source language producers?

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Annotations

#### Annotation process

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

#### Who are the annotators?

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Personal and Sensitive Information

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Considerations for Using the Data

### Social Impact of Dataset

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Discussion of Biases

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Other Known Limitations

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Additional Information

### Dataset Curators

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Licensing Information

The dataset is distributed under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license.

### Citation Information

```
@inproceedings{rajpurkar-etal-2016-squad,
    title = "{SQ}u{AD}: 100,000+ Questions for Machine Comprehension of Text",
    author = "Rajpurkar, Pranav  and
      Zhang, Jian  and
      Lopyrev, Konstantin  and
      Liang, Percy",
    editor = "Su, Jian  and
      Duh, Kevin  and
      Carreras, Xavier",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Austin, Texas",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/D16-1264",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/D16-1264",
    pages = "2383--2392",
    eprint={1606.05250},
    archivePrefix={arXiv},
    primaryClass={cs.CL},
}
```


### Contributions

Thanks to [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@albertvillanova](https://github.com/albertvillanova), [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset.