Early in the first session of the 112 th Congress, the Energy Savings and Industrial Competitiveness Act of 2011 ( S. 1000 ) was introduced by Senators Shaheen and Portman. In July 2011, the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources (SENR) reported the bill on an 18-3 vote. The reported bill contained five major provisions: Title I would have encouraged state and local governments to adopt model building energy codes for residential and commercial buildings; Title II would have authorized credit support (loan guarantees) for debt financing of energy efficiency measures in commercial, multifamily residential, industrial, municipal, governmental, and institutional (college, school, and hospital) facilities; Title III would have created grants for an industry revolving loan program to reduce energy intensity and improve industrial competitiveness, grants for supply chain energy efficiency, and rebates for energy efficient electric motors and transformers; Title IV would have directed DOE to issue guidance for federal agency use of advanced computer tools, and act on other measures, to achieve energy efficiency improvements; and Title V would have reduced the authorization for the zero net energy commercial buildings initiative, as an offset for the costs of S. 1000 . There was no further action on the bill in the 112 th Congress. Early in the 113 th Congress, S. 761 was introduced as a new version of the Energy Savings and Industrial Competitiveness Act. In April 2013, S. 761 was introduced as a modified version of S. 1000 from the 112 th Congress. The new bill was crafted with a parallel structure of five major provisions: Title I on model building energy codes, Title II on commercial building energy efficiency financing (grants to states), Title III on industrial/manufacturing energy efficiency, Title IV with provisions for federal agencies, and Title V with funding authorization offsets. Compared with S. 1000 from the 112 th Congress, the committee-reported version of S. 761 : Dropped a $400 million Title II provision that would have provided credit support (loan guarantees) for energy efficiency measures in commercial and other buildings; Added a new, more focused $250 million Title II provision for a Commercial Building Energy Efficiency Financing Initiative that would provide grants to states for retrofit projects; and Dropped some federal agency provisions, including: agency implementation plans for energy efficiency, web tracking for energy and water use, redefinition of energy and water use to include electric vehicles, and expansion of the existing renewable energy electricity 7.5% purchase requirement to include thermal energy. In sum, compared with S. 1000 , S. 761 embraced a new state grant program in Title II and trimmed some federal agency provisions. On April 23, 2013, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources held a hearing on S. 761 and three hydropower bills. The bill was reported ( S.Rept. 113-37 ) on June 3, 2013. In May 2013, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) issued a cost estimate for the SENR Committee-reported version of S. 761 . Considering a proposed offset from Section 422(f) of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA, P.L. 110-140 ), CBO estimated that S. 761 would have a net discretionary cost of $210 million over the 5-year period from FY2014 through FY2018. New authorizations of appropriations would amount to $480 million over the 5-year period from FY2014 through FY2018, including the following: $250 million under Title II, for grants to state programs to improve efficiency of commercial buildings, $200 million under Title I, to help state and tribal governments implement energy standards that follow model building energy codes, $20 million, under Title III for rebates to purchasers of efficient motor controls and electric power transformers, and $10 million under Title III, to promote energy efficient supply chains of manufacturers. The bill's proposal to expand the authority of agencies to enter long-term energy savings performance contracts (ESPCs) would increase direct spending by $350 million over the period from FY2014 through FY2023. CBO found that S. 761 would establish an intergovernmental mandate for state and tribal governments to certify that their building energy codes meet the standards set by DOE's model codes. However, the cost of the mandate would fall well below the annual threshold set by the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA). Also, CBO found that S. 761 would impose no private-sector mandates. On July 30, 2013, S. 1392 was introduced to replace S. 761 . The bill is based on voluntary provisions and was designed to be deficit-neutral. The Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources (SENR) reported the new bill by a vote of 19-3 on July 31, 2013. A motion to proceed to S. 1392 was brought to the Senate floor on August 1, 2013, just prior to a motion to adjourn for the August recess. There was no further action on the motion to proceed until after adjournment. S. 1392 was introduced as a trimmed-down version of S. 761 . All provisions of S. 761 were retained, except for two. First, Title II of S. 761 was dropped—it would have established a state grant program to support financing for energy efficiency retrofits of private commercial buildings. Disagreements over labor wage rates that would be specified for the program led to its exclusion from S. 1392 . Also, that change cut the total bill authorization by $250 million. Second, Section 403 of S. 761 was removed. That provision would have authorized federal agency use of energy savings performance contracts and utility energy service contracts for projects involving natural gas vehicles and electric vehicles or the fueling or charging infrastructure necessary for such vehicles. CBO reports that S. 1392 —as introduced—would have no significant impact on direct spending or revenues. This section provides a brief summary of S. 1392 . A detailed description of the bill is located in Appendix A. The bill contains provisions for building energy codes, industrial energy efficiency, federal agencies, and budget offsets. Title I addresses energy efficiency in buildings. Subtitle A directs the Department of Energy (DOE) to update its model building energy codes for residential and commercial buildings, in order to meet new targets for aggregate energy savings. States, American Indian Tribes, and local governments would be encouraged to adopt the new energy codes, and DOE would be directed to ensure compliance in jurisdictions that adopt the codes. Subtitle B would require DOE to create a grant program that establishes building training and assessment centers at colleges and universities that promote programs to expand building energy and environmental performance. Also, DOE would be required to make grants to eligible nonprofit partnerships to pay the federal share of career skills training programs to help students become certified to install energy efficient buildings technologies. Title II contains five key sections that address energy efficiency in industry. Section 202 would reestablish and expand DOE's industrial materials program to set sustainable manufacturing goals, improve coordination of Industrial Research and Assessment Centers (IRACs) with other federal programs, fund outreach to IRACs, and require the Administrator of the Small Business Administration (SBA) to expedite loans recommended by IRACs. Section 203 would direct DOE's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) to perform industrial process energy efficiency assessments for manufacturers and conduct an industry-government partnership program on new sustainable manufacturing and industrial technologies and processes. Section 211 would create a "Supply Star" program within EERE to incentivize private sector practices and products that use highly energy- and resource-efficient supply chains. Section 221 would establish a rebate program for energy-efficient electric motors, and Section 231 would create a rebate program for energy-efficient electricity transformers purchased by owners of industrial facilities, commercial buildings, and multifamily buildings. Title III would establish three provisions to improve energy efficiency at federal agencies. Section 301 directs DOE to issue guidance for federal agencies to improve energy efficiency through the use of information and communications technologies. Section 302 would authorize the General Services Administration (GSA) to use appropriated funds to update a building's design to meet energy efficiency and other resource standards for new federal buildings. Section 303 would require the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) to set a goal for energy savings, cost savings, and increased productivity that could be attained by consolidating federal data centers. Title IV would provide a budgetary offset by reducing the authorization for the Zero Net Energy Commercial Buildings Initiative set by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA). The American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE), which has publicly stated support for the bill, has estimated the energy-saving potential for each provision of S. 1392 . ACEEE's report used a bottom-up analysis to generate an estimate of energy savings for each provision of the bill. Combining those estimates yielded a total estimate for the whole bill. Then, a 5% real discount rate was applied to estimate the potential energy cost savings. ACEEE's projections are summarized in Table 1. Also, ACEEE estimated the potential energy and cost savings for several proposed energy efficiency amendments. Those estimates are discussed separately, in a following section of the report. The bill sponsors cite support from a broad range of 260 business, environmental, and other organizations. Business supporters include the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Business Roundtable, and the National Association of Manufacturers. Environmental and energy supporters include the Sierra Club, Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), Alliance to Save Energy, and American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE). Other organizations in support include the Christian Coalition. The Obama Administration issued a Statement of Administration Policy on S. 1392, which expresses support for the bill.