To process claims accurately, consistently, and in a timely manner, Veterans Service Representatives (VSR) and Rating Veterans Service Representatives (RVSR) must perform a complex set of tasks. When a claim is received, a VSR reviews it and assists the veteran in gathering the evidence, or documentation, needed to support it. The RVSR then evaluates the evidence to determine whether the claimant’s medical condition(s) constitutes a disability, and assigns a disability percentage rating which determines the amount of benefits the veteran is eligible to receive. Finally a VSR calculates the amount of monthly benefit payments. VSRs and RVSRs also perform follow-up reviews if, for example, there is evidence a claimant’s medical condition has changed, or a court determines that a claim was incorrectly denied. To ensure that VSRs and RVSRs develop and maintain the knowledge and skills needed to process disability claims accurately, consistently, and in a timely manner, VBA has established annual training requirements and developed a structured training program, called “Challenge,” for newly- hired or promoted claims processors. Beginning in fiscal year 2010, claims processors must receive 80 hours of training annually in topics directly related to processing disability claims. VBA requires that 40 o f those hours be in topics designated by VBA, 20 cover topics selected by each regional office from a list of core technical training requirements (CTTR), and 20 cover topics determined by each regional office. In addition to its “Challenge” program and annual training requirements, VBA issues “Fast Letters,” or memoranda on policy changes, conducts telephone conferences, and develops ad hoc required training on emerging issues to help ensure that disability claims processors have the information they need to do their job. VBA issued 100 Fast Letters in calendar years 2008 and 2009, on topics ranging from cost-of-living adjustments in disability benefits to rating the effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Monthly or quarterly telephone conferences with regional offices concentrate on claims processing issues identified through VBA’s quality reviews or on new management priorities or initiatives that may affect how claims processors do their jobs. VBA officials also told us the agency periodically requires training on emerging topics such as rating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and spinal, neck, and joint injuries. Experienced staff responding to our survey expressed concerns with the amount of training they were required to take and their ability to meet those requirements. Based on the results of our survey of claims processors, many believed that 80 training hours each year were too many, particularly for experienced staff. An estimated 45 percent of supervisors of experienced RVSRs and 53 percent of supervisors of experienced VSRs thought that only some or few, if any, of the experienced staff they supervise need 80 hours of training. Most of the regional office officials we interviewed also said 80 hours are too many for at least some experienced staff and one regional official told us it would make sense to vary the required number of hours based on the training needs of individual claims processors. In 2008 we recommended that VBA collect and review feedback from staff to determine if the 80-hour training requirement was appropriate for all VSRs and RVSRs. VBA has not yet implemented this recommendation. Our survey results also indicated that it was challenging for many experienced claims processors, in general, to meet the 80-hour annual training requirement, given their workload. Sixty percent found it somewhat or very difficult to meet the requirement. Moreover, 61 percent of experienced RVSRs’ supervisors and 76 percent of experienced VSRs’ supervisors thought it was somewhat or very difficult for experienced staff to complete 80 hours of training each year. While many experienced claims processors thought that 80 hours of training per year was too much and difficult to complete, they had mixed views on the amount of training they received on specific topics. For example, an estimated 47 percent thought they received less than sufficient training in developing appeals and remands, and 42 percent thought they received less than needed in how to rate claims involving special monthly compensation. On the other hand, in each case, about one-third thought they received more than enough training in records management, rating disability compensation claims, and calculating payment amounts based on disability ratings. Experienced claims processors’ views on the helpfulness of various training modes and the timing of training also varied. Training for disability claims processors can be delivered in a number of ways: formal classroom training, online instruction, and video or satellite conferences. Claims processors can access online training courses through VBA’s Training Performance Support System (TPSS), and learning resources such as VBA training materials, published guidance, and technical information are available to them on VBA’s internal Web site. Regional offices also provide claims processors with individual coaching and mentoring, and may hold weekly meetings for claims processing teams. Based on our survey results, experienced claims processors, in general, found certain training modes and learning resources more helpful than others. Nearly all thought that on-the-job experience, to a great or very great extent, helped them learn what they needed to know to perform their jobs. However, only about 20 percent indicated TPSS and other online training, and video or satellite training had, to a great or very great extent, helped them become familiar with even the basic information needed to handle claims. Survey results also indicated that regional offices do not always deliver necessary training in a timely manner. An estimated 39 percent of all experienced claims processors felt that the formal training, in general, they received in the last 12 months was delivered too late to help them effectively perform their job duties. For example, although the regulation governing ratings decisions on the effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI) was changed in October 2008, one RVSR wrote in a comment to the survey that, “TBI training is not projected to come out until ” Another wrote that introductory leadership training was not received until two years after a promotion to a supervisory position. VBA headquarters does not ensure that experienced claims processors receive all required training. It is important for federal agencies to have mechanisms in place to ensure their employees actually receive required training and we have reported in the past that tracking the actual receipt of required training calls for reliable data from a comprehensive learning management system. While each regional office is responsible for recording completed training hours for each claims processor in VA’s Web-based Learning Management System (LMS), VBA officials told us that VBA headquarters did not use it to centrally monitor the specific types of training individual claims processors have completed. Based on our survey results, we found some claims processors did not receive training they should have. An estimated 24 percent of all RVSRs with more than one year of experience, who should have received mandatory training on rating spinal, neck, and joint injuries, never did. To improve VBA headquarters’ ability to systematically monitor regional office compliance with its annual training requirements, we recommended that it adopt procedures to routinely do so, including more fully utilizing its LMS to ensure that claims processors received required CTTR and ad hoc training on emerging issues. In their comments to our report, VBA noted that it had begun to use LMS to determine what percentage of claims processors at each office were meeting annual training requirements. However, it is not clear if they are tracking whether staff receive required CTTR training or ad hoc training on emerging issues such as the training on rating spinal, neck, and joint injuries. In addition, we found that VBA lacked controls to ensure that regional offices record completed training in a consistent manner. Each regional office has considerable discretion in determining what activities qualify as training and we noted that they were not all defining training consistently. For example, some regions counted the time claims processors spent reading “Fast Letters” as training while others did not. This raises questions about the reliability of the data that regional offices enter into the LMS. We recommended that VBA develop clear written guidance on the types of activities all regional offices should and should not count toward completion of annual training requirements. According to VBA, the agency is developing such criteria and expects to complete this process by September 30, 2010. VBA also has not systematically assessed the appropriateness or consistency of training regional offices provide to experienced claims processors. In prior work, we have noted that federal agencies should have mechanisms in place to ensure that training for employees is appropriate and consistent. However, we found that VBA did little to determine if all regional offices provide training to experienced claims processors that 1) covers topics relevant to what they do; 2) helps them do their job; 3) is delivered in the most useful and efficient way; and 4) is provided when needed. In the past, VBA has evaluated some mandatory training to improve the consistency of ratings, assessed training for newly-hired claims processors, and solicited feedback from staff on TPSS. VBA officials told us that teams from VBA headquarters also periodically visit regional offices to monitor their compliance with VBA policies and procedures. Since July 2009, such visits have included a training specialist responsible for reviewing some aspects of training in the regional office, such as training records and materials, and whether new claims processors have completed the last phase of Challenge Training at their regional office. Although examining some aspects of training for claims processors during these visits may provide VBA with some information on the appropriateness and consistency of training, each office is only visited about once every three years. Finally, VBA has not yet systematically collected feedback from experienced claims processors on training received at the regional offices even though feedback from training participants, supervisors, instructors and other stakeholders can provide agencies with valuable information to assess the appropriateness and consistency of their training. VBA recently developed a training evaluation tool that all VSRs and RVSRs are required to complete, but only for CTTR courses. As a result, we recommended that VBA develop and implement a written strategy to systematically assess the appropriateness (content, mode and timing) of all training for experienced claims processors.