This report tracks and provides an overview of actions taken by the Administration and Congress to provide FY2015 appropriations for Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies (CJS) accounts. It also provides an overview of enacted FY2014 appropriations for agencies and bureaus funded as a part of the annual appropriation for CJS. The amounts in this report reflect only new appropriations. Therefore, the amounts do not include any rescissions of unobligated or de-obligated balances that may be counted as offsets to newly enacted appropriations, nor do they include any scorekeeping adjustments, such as the balance on the Crime Victims Fund. The FY2014-enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 113-76 , printed in the January 15, 2014, Congressional Record (pp. H507-H532). The FY2015 requested amounts were taken from the report to accompany H.R. 4660 ( H.Rept. 113-448 ). The FY2015 House-passed amounts were taken from the text of H.R. 4660 and H.Rept. 113-448 . The amounts reported by the Senate Committee on Appropriations were taken from the report to accompany S. 2473 ( S.Rept. 113-181 ). The FY2015-enacted amounts were taken from the joint explanatory statement to accompany P.L. 113-235 , printed in the December 11, 2014, Congressional Record . The annual CJS appropriations act provides funding for the Departments of Commerce and Justice, the science agencies, and several related agencies. Appropriations for the Department of Commerce include funding for agencies such as Census Bureau; the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Appropriations for the Department of Justice provide funding for agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation; the Bureau of Prisons; the U.S. Marshals; the Drug Enforcement Administration; the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives; along with funding for a variety of grant programs for state, local, and tribal governments. The vast majority of funding for the science agencies goes to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. The annual appropriation for the related agencies includes funding for agencies such as the Legal Services Corporation and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. The mission of the Department of Commerce is to promote "job creation, economic growth, sustainable development and improved standards of living ... by working in partnership with businesses, universities, communities and ... workers." The department has wide-ranging responsibilities including trade, economic development, technology, entrepreneurship and business development, monitoring the environment, and statistical research and analysis. The Department of Commerce affects trade and economic development by working to open new markets for U.S. goods and services and promoting pro-growth business policies. The department also invests in research in development to foster innovation. The Department of Commerce, through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, manages and monitors the nation's natural resources and assets to support both environmental and economic health. The department, through the Census Bureau, conducts the constitutionally mandated decennial census. Finally, the Department of Commerce operates the national patent system. The mission of the Department of Justice (DOJ) is to "enforce the law and defend the interests of the United States according to the law; to ensure public safety against threats foreign and domestic; to provide federal leadership in preventing and controlling crime; to seek just punishment for those guilty of unlawful behavior; and to ensure fair and impartial administration of justice for all Americans." The DOJ provides legal advice and opinions, upon request, to the President and executive branch department heads. The DOJ prosecutes individuals accused of violating federal laws and it represents the U.S. Government in court. The department enforces federal criminal and civil laws, including antitrust, civil rights, environmental, and tax laws. The department, through agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Drug Enforcement Administration, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, investigates organized and violent crime, illegal drugs, and gun and explosives violations. The DOJ, through the U.S. Marshals Service, protects the federal judiciary, apprehends fugitives, and detains individuals who are not granted pretrial release. It incarcerates individuals convicted of violating federal laws. The DOJ also provides grants and training to state, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was created by the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (P.L. 85-568) to conduct civilian space and aeronautics activities. It has four mission directorates. The Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate is responsible for human spaceflight activities, including the International Space Station and development efforts for future crewed spacecraft. The Science Mission Directorate manages robotic science missions, such as the Hubble Space Telescope, the Mars rover Curiosity, and satellites for Earth science research. The Space Technology Mission Directorate develops new technologies for use in future space missions, such as advanced propulsion and laser communications. The Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate conducts research and development on aircraft and aviation systems. In addition to the mission directorates, the Office of Education manages formal and informal education programs for school children, college and university students, and the general public. The National Science Foundation (NSF) supports basic research and education in the non-medical sciences and engineering. Congress established the foundation as an independent federal agency in 1950 and directed it to "promote the progress of science; to advance the national health, prosperity, and welfare; to secure the national defense; and for other purposes." The NSF is a primary source of federal support for U.S. university research. It is also responsible for significant shares of the federal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education program portfolio and federal STEM student aid and support. Figure 1 shows the total appropriation, in both nominal and inflation-adjusted dollars, for the CJS act for FY2005-FY2014. The data show that nominal appropriations for CJS increased starting with FY2005, peaked in FY2010, and have generally declined since. After adjusting for inflation, FY2013 and FY2014 appropriations for CJS were generally at the same level they were at in FY2005. The data also show that the nominal increases in appropriations for CJS between FY2005 and FY2008 were generally in-line with inflation. Figure 2 shows total appropriations for CJS for FY2005-FY2014 by major component (i.e., the Departments of Commerce and Justice, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the National Science Foundation). The data show that the increase in CJS appropriations in FY2009, FY2010, and FY2011 was the result of Congress appropriating more funding for the Department of Commerce in support of the 2010 decennial census. Since FY2010, total appropriations for CJS have been around $60 billion, with the exception of FY2013 when sequestration cut nearly $4 billion out of the total amount Congress appropriated for CJS for FY2013. While decreased appropriations for the Department of Commerce mostly explain the overall decrease in CJS appropriations since FY2010, there have also been cuts in funding for DOJ and NASA. The DOJ's FY2014 appropriation is 1.9% below its FY2010 appropriation, and NASA's FY2014 appropriation is 5.8% below its FY2010 appropriation. Recent reductions to NASA's appropriation has brought it more in-line with what the agency received in FY2005. However, even with recent cuts to DOJ's appropriation, Congress still appropriated $6.883 billion more for DOJ in FY2014 than it did in FY2005. Appropriations for DOJ increased because Congress appropriated a growing amount for federal law enforcement and counter-terrorism efforts (e.g., the Federal Bureau of Investigation), and Congress appropriated increasing amounts for the Office of the Federal Detention Trustee and the Bureau of Prisons to cover expenses associated with a rising number of federal detainees and prisoners. For FY2015, the Administration requested a total of $62.397 billion for the agencies and bureaus funded as a part of the annual CJS bill. The Administration's request was 1.3%, or $774.4 million, more than the FY2014-enacted appropriation of $61.623 billion. The Administration's request included $8.746 billion for the Department of Commerce, $27.974 billion for the Department of Justice, $24.721 billion for the science agencies, and $956.1 million for the related agencies. On January 17, 2014, President Obama signed into law the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014 ( P.L. 113-76 ). The act provided a total of $61.623 billion for CJS, of which $8.181 billion was for the Department of Commerce, $27.737 billion was for the Department of Justice, $24.824 billion was for the science agencies, and $881.8 million was for the related agencies. On May 15, 2014, the House Committee on Appropriations reported the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2015 ( H.R. 4660 ). The bill was passed by the House on May 30, 2014. The bill would have provided $62.559 billion for CJS, an amount that would have been 1.5% greater than the FY2014 appropriation and 0.3% more than the Administration's request.