On May 7, 2009, President Obama submitted his FY2010 budget to Congress, including a request for $163.8 billion in discretionary funds for programs covered in the Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (L-HHS-ED) appropriations bill. On July 22, 2009, the House Committee on Appropriations reported H.R. 3293 ( H.Rept. 111-220 ), its proposal for FY2010 L-HHS-ED appropriations. The bill was debated in the House on July 24 and was passed, with several amendments, by a vote of 264-153. The bill would have provided $165.6 billion in discretionary funds for L-HHS-ED. On August 4, 2009, the Senate Committee on Appropriations reported its version of H.R. 3293 ( S.Rept. 111-66 ). The committee recommended $165.4 billion in discretionary L-HHS-ED funds. On October 1, 2009, the President signed into law H.R. 2918 , the FY2010 Legislative Branch Appropriations Act ( P.L. 111-68 ), which also, in Division B, provided temporary funding at the FY2009 rate of operations for most government agencies for the period October 1 through October 31, 2009, unless regular FY2010 appropriations measures were enacted sooner. On October 30, 2009, the President signed into law a second CR, Division B of P.L. 111-88 , which amended P.L. 111-68 to extend the temporary funding to December 18, 2009. Division B had been added on October 28 to the conference report on Interior-Environment appropriations ( H.R. 2996 , H.Rept. 111-316 ). On December 8, 2009, a conference report was filed for a consolidated FY2010 appropriations act, covering six of the seven regular appropriations measures that had not yet been enacted (Defense appropriations were enacted separately). H.R. 3288 , the Transportation, and Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2010, was used as the vehicle for the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010. The conference agreement and explanatory statement ( H.Rept. 111-366 ) had a division for each of the six appropriations measures. Division D of the agreement provided the FY2010 L-HHS-ED appropriations, including $165.8 billion in discretionary funding. The conference report was adopted by the House on December 10 and by the Senate on December 13, and was signed by the President on December 16, 2009, as P.L. 111-117 . Table 1 summarizes the legislative status of FY2010 L-HHS-ED appropriations. In this report, unless stated otherwise, data on FY2009 and FY2010 appropriations are based on the December 9, 2009, table from the House Committee on Appropriations. The data for FY2009 appropriations primarily reflect enactment of P.L. 111-8 (FY2009 Omnibus Appropriations, enacted March 11, 2009) and P.L. 111-5 (the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, ARRA, enacted February 17, 2009). In addition, amounts for certain HHS programs reflect FY2009 funding provided by either the Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2009 ( P.L. 110-329 , enacted September 30, 2008) or the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2009, ( P.L. 111-32 , enacted June 24, 2009). The data for FY2010 reflect the President's budget request, House passage of H.R. 3293 , the Senate committee recommendations on H.R. 3293 , and enactment of P.L. 111-117 , the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010. In most cases, data represent net funding for specific programs and activities, and take into account current and forward funding and advance appropriations; however, all data are subject to additional budgetary scorekeeping. Except where noted, data refer only to those programs within the purview of L-HHS-ED appropriations, and not to all programs within the jurisdiction of the relevant departments and agencies. Funding from other appropriations bills, and entitlements funded outside of the annual appropriations process, are excluded. This report describes the highlights of President Obama's proposals for FY2010 appropriations for L-HHS-ED programs, as submitted to Congress on May 7, 2009, and the congressional response to those proposals. Discussions focus primarily on discretionary programs. The report does not follow specific funding issues related to mandatory L-HHS-ED programs—such as Medicare or Social Security—nor does it follow any authorizing legislation related to the President's budget initiatives. For a glossary of budget terms and relevant websites, see the Appendix , "Terminology and Web Resources." The L-HHS-ED bill typically is one of the more controversial of the regular appropriations bills, not only because of the size of its funding total and the scope of its programs, but also because of the continuing importance of various related issues, such as restrictions on the use of federal funds for abortion, human embryonic stem cell research, and needle exchange programs. This bill provides discretionary and mandatory funds to three federal departments and 13 related agencies, including the Social Security Administration (SSA). Discretionary funding represents less than one-quarter of the total in the bill. Among the various appropriations bills, L-HHS-ED is the largest single source of discretionary funds for domestic (non-defense) federal programs (the Department of Defense bill is the largest source of discretionary funds among all federal programs). This section presents several overview tables on funding in the bill, particularly discretionary funding, and discusses related issues such as 302(b) allocations and advance appropriations. Later sections provide details on individual L-HHS-ED departments and agencies. Table 2 summarizes the L-HHS-ED appropriations enacted for FY2009 and FY2010, including both discretionary and mandatory appropriations. The table shows various aggregate measures of L-HHS-ED appropriations, including the discretionary program level, current year level, and advance appropriations, as well as scorekeeping adjustments. Program level discretionary appropriations reflect the total discretionary appropriations in a given bill, regardless of the year in which they will be spent, and therefore include advance funding for future years. Unless otherwise specified, appropriations levels in this report refer to program level amounts . Current year discretionary appropriations represent discretionary appropriations in a given bill for the current year, plus discretionary appropriations for the current year that were enacted in prior years—for example, FY2010 appropriations that were enacted in the FY2009 act. As the annual congressional appropriations process unfolds, current year discretionary appropriations, including scorekeeping adjustments (see below), are measured against the 302(b) allocation ceilings (discussed later in this report). Note that media reports and comments from the Administration about appropriations activities typically cite figures representing the current year discretionary totals rather than the program levels in the bill. Advance appropriations are funds that will not become available until after the fiscal year for which the appropriations are enacted (for example, funds for certain education programs like Title I Part A Grants to Local Educational Agencies for the Education of the Disadvantaged that were included in the FY2009 act that could not be spent before FY2010 at the earliest). Scorekeeping adjustments are made to account for special funding situations, as monitored by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). Because appropriations may consist of mixtures of budget authority enacted in various years, both of the summary measures mentioned above are frequently used: program level appropriations and current year appropriations. How are these measures related? For an "operational definition," program level funding equals (a) current year, plus (b) advances for future years, minus (c) advances from prior years, and minus (d) scorekeeping adjustments. Alternatively, current year funding is derived by taking the program level (total in the bill), subtracting the advances for future years, adding in the advances from prior years, and applying the scorekeeping adjustments. Table 2 shows each of these amounts for discretionary funding, along with current year funding and program level funding for mandatory programs, and the grand total for L-HHS-ED. The L-HHS-ED appropriations bills include both mandatory and discretionary funds; however, the Appropriations Committees fully control only the discretionary funds. Mandatory funding levels for programs included in the annual appropriations bills are modified through changes in the authorizing legislation. Typically, these changes are accomplished through authorizing committees by means of reconciliation legislation, and not through appropriations committees in annual appropriations bills. Table 3 shows the trend in discretionary budget authority enacted in the regular L-HHS-ED appropriations for FY2002 through FY2010. During the past nine years, L-HHS-ED discretionary funds have grown from $127.2 billion in FY2002 to $165.8 billion in FY2010, an increase of $38.6 billion, or 30.3%. The annual L-HHS-ED appropriations act typically includes five titles. The first three provide appropriations and program direction for the Department of Labor (Title I), the Department of Health and Human Services (Title II), and the Department of Education (Title III). Each of the three titles includes some sections of "General Provisions" for the department; they provide specific program directions, modifications, or restrictions that the appropriators wish to convey in bill language, not just in report language. Title IV covers funding for 13 related agencies, the largest of which is the Social Security Administration. Title V contains general provisions with broader policy application than those in the department titles. Occasionally, the act has one or more additional titles, which may be legislative (authorizing) language rather than appropriations provisions.