On March 11, 2009, President Obama signed the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 ( P.L. 111-8 ), which provides $44.6 billion for FSGG programs and agencies, an increase of $385 million above the FY2009 requested amount and $58 million less than FY2008 enacted appropriations. The House Appropriations Committee had recommended $44.27 billion for FSGG agencies and programs for FY2009, while the Senate Appropriations Committee had recommended FY2009 appropriations of $44.75 billion. Table 1 , below, reflects the status of the FY2009 FSGG appropriations bill. The House and Senate Committees on Appropriations reorganized their subcommittee structures in early 2007. Each chamber created a new Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government (FSGG). In the House, the jurisdiction of the FSGG Subcommittee was formed primarily of agencies that had been under the jurisdiction of the Subcommittee on Transportation, Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, the Judiciary, the District of Columbia, and Independent Agencies, commonly referred to as "TTHUD." In addition, the House FSGG Subcommittee was assigned four independent agencies that had been under the jurisdiction of the Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies Subcommittee. In the Senate, the jurisdiction of the new FSGG Subcommittee was a combination of agencies from the jurisdiction of three previously existing subcommittees. The District of Columbia, which had its own subcommittee in the 109 th Congress, was placed under the purview of the FSGG Subcommittee, as were four independent agencies that had been under the jurisdiction of the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Subcommittee. Additionally, most of the agencies that had been under the jurisdiction of the Subcommittee on Transportation, Treasury, the Judiciary, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies were assigned to the FSGG Subcommittee. As a result of this reorganization, the House and Senate FSGG Subcommittees have nearly identical jurisdictions. On September 30, 2008, President George W. Bush signed the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2009 ( P.L. 110-329 ). Division A of P.L. 110-329 provided continuing appropriations for most accounts in the Financial Services and General Government accounts through March 9, 2009. Funding was generally at the same rate appropriated in P.L. 110-161 , the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008. Division B of P.L. 110-329 provided GSA with an additional $182 million for courthouse construction, and provided SBA with an additional $799 million, most of which was for the disaster loan program account. The Administration's FY2009 budget request included $44.20 billion for FSGG agencies and programs. The House Appropriations Committee recommended $44.27 billion for FSGG agencies, and the Senate Appropriations Committee recommended $44.75 billion. Table 2 lists the enacted amounts for FY2008, the President's request, House and Senate Appropriations Committees' recommendations, and the enacted amounts for FY2009. The wide scope of FSGG appropriations—which provide funding for two of the three branches of the federal government, a city government, and 26 independent agencies with a range of functions—encompasses a number of potentially controversial issues, some of which are identified below. Department of the Treasury. Is the proposed funding for enforcement, taxpayer services, and business systems modernization at the Internal Revenue Service adequate for lowering the federal tax gap? Executive Office of the President (EOP). Should Congress accept the President's proposals to (1) consolidate EOP budget accounts into a single appropriation, (2) expand the authority of the EOP to transfer funds among separate appropriations accounts, and (3) centralize funding for administrative services provided throughout the EOP in the Office of Administration? The Judiciary. What level of funding should Congress provide for judicial security enhancements and other administrative issues, such as pay increases for judges, hiring of additional staff, and creation of additional judgeships to meet the demands of rising caseloads? This section examines FY2009 appropriations for the Treasury Department and its operating bureaus, including the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Table 3 shows the enacted amounts for FY2008, as well as the Bush Administration's budget request for FY2009, House and Senate Appropriations Committee recommendations for FY2009, and enacted amounts for FY2009. The Treasury Department performs a variety of governmental functions. They can be summarized as protecting the nation's financial system against a host of illicit activities (e.g., money laundering and terrorist financing), collecting tax revenue, enforcing tax laws, managing and accounting for federal debt, administering the federal government's finances, regulating financial institutions, and producing and distributing coins and currency. At its most basic level of organization, Treasury consists of departmental offices and operating bureaus. In general, the offices are responsible for formulating and implementing policy initiatives and managing Treasury's operations, while the bureaus perform specific duties assigned to Treasury, mainly through statutory mandates. In the past decade or so, the bureaus have accounted for over 95% of the agency's funding and work force. With one possible exception, the bureaus can be divided into those engaged in financial management and regulation and those engaged in law enforcement. In recent decades, the Comptroller of the Currency, U.S. Mint, Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Financial Management Service (FMS), Bureau of the Public Debt, Community Development Financial Institutions Fund (CDFI), and Office of Thrift Supervision have undertaken tasks related to the management of the federal government's finances or the supervision and regulation of the U.S. financial system. By contrast, law enforcement has been the central focus of the tasks handled by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms; U.S. Secret Service; Federal Law Enforcement Training Center; U.S. Customs Service; Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN); and the Treasury Forfeiture Fund. Since the advent of the Department of Homeland Security in 2002, Treasury's direct involvement in law enforcement has shrunk considerably. A possible exception to this simplified dichotomy is the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), whose main duties encompass both the collection of tax revenue and the enforcement of tax laws and regulations. Funding for many bureaus comes largely from annual appropriations. This is the case for the IRS, FMS, Bureau of Public Debt, FinCEN, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Office of the Inspector General (OIG), Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA), and the CDFI. By contrast, the Treasury Franchise Fund, U.S. Mint, Bureau of Engraving and Printing, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Office of Thrift Supervision finance their operations largely from the fees they charge for services and products they provide. In FY2008, Treasury received $12.263 billion in appropriated funds (including emergency appropriations), or 5% more than it received in FY2007. As usual, most of these funds were used to finance the operations of the IRS, which received $11.094 billion in FY2008. The remaining $1.169 billion was distributed among Treasury's other appropriations accounts in the following amounts: departmental offices (which includes the Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence—or TFI—and the Office of Foreign Assets Control) received $248 million; department-wide systems and capital investments, $19 million; OIG, $18 million; TIGTA, $140 million; CDFI, $94 million; FinCEN, $86 million; FMS, $298 million; Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (ATB), $93 million; and Bureau of the Public Debt, $173 million. For FY2009, the Bush Administration asked Congress to approve $12.463 billion in funding for Treasury, or 1.6% more than the amount enacted for FY2008. Under the proposal, the IRS would have received $11.361 billion (or 91% of the total). The remaining $1.102 billion would have been distributed among Treasury's other appropriations accounts in the following amounts: departmental offices would have received $274 million; departmental systems and capital investments, $27 million; OIG, $19 million; TIGTA, $146 million; CDFI, $29 million; FinCEN, $91 million; FMS, $239 million; ATB, $97 million; and Bureau of the Public Debt, $177 million. All major accounts except for FMS and CDFI would have been funded at the same level as or higher levels than the amounts enacted for FY2008. Under the Administration's budget proposal, total full-time equivalent employment (direct and reimbursable) at Treasury could have risen from an estimated 107,912 in FY2008 to a projected 109,597 in FY2009. Nearly 98% of the gain in full-time jobs of 1,685 would have stemmed from an increase in full-time jobs at the IRS of 1,826 and a decrease in such jobs at the FMS of 179. According to Treasury's budget documents, its proposed budget for FY2009 was crafted to provide the resources needed to "effectively manage the government's finances, promote economic opportunity through sound fiscal policy, work towards entitlement reform, strengthen trade and investment policies, and maximize voluntary tax compliance." The following Treasury appropriations accounts (excluding the IRS) would have received the largest increases in funding under the FY2009 budget proposal: department-wide systems and capital investments (44.2%), departmental offices (10.3%), and FinCEN (6.4%). Additional spending on department-wide systems and capital investments would have served multiple purposes.