The Energy Independence and Security Act ( P.L. 110-140 , H.R. 6 ) is an omnibus energy policy law that consists mainly of provisions designed to increase energy efficiency and the availability of renewable energy. This report describes the key provisions of the enacted law, summarizes the legislative action on H.R. 6 , and provides a summary of the provisions under each of the titles in the law. Many analysts in the CRS Resources, Science, and Industry Division contributed to this report; their names and contact information are located on the back of the summary page. The three key provisions enacted in P.L. 110-140 are the Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards, the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), and the appliance/lighting efficiency standards. The law sets a target of 35 miles per gallon for the combined fleet of cars and light trucks by model year 2020. Also, a fuel economy program is established for medium- and heavy-duty trucks, and a separate fuel economy standard is created for work trucks. (For more details on issues related to the CAFE provision, see CRS Report RL33982, Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE): A Comparison of Selected Legislation in the 110 th Congress , by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed], and CRS Report R40166, Automobile and Light Truck Fuel Economy: The CAFE Standards , by [author name scrubbed] and [author name scrubbed].) The law sets a modified standard that starts at 9.0 billion gallons of renewable fuel in 2008 and rises to 36 billion gallons by 2022. Of the latter total, 21 billion gallons is required to be obtained from cellulosic ethanol and other advanced biofuels. (For more details on issues related to the RFS provision, see CRS Report RL34265, Selected Issues Related to an Expansion of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) , by [author name scrubbed] and Tom Capehart) Energy efficiency standards are set for broad categories of incandescent lamps (light bulbs), incandescent reflector lamps, and fluorescent lamps. A required target is set for lighting efficiency, and energy efficiency labeling is required for consumer electronic products. Also, efficiency standards are set by law for external power supplies, residential clothes washers, dishwashers, dehumidifiers, refrigerators, refrigerator-freezers, freezers, electric motors, residential boilers, commercial walk-in coolers, and commercial walk-in freezers. Further, DOE is directed to set standards by rulemaking for furnace fans and battery chargers. Two controversial provisions of H.R. 6 that were not included in the enacted law were the proposed Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS) and the proposed repeal of tax subsidies for oil and gas. Under an RPS, retail electricity suppliers (electric utilities) must provide a minimum amount of electricity from renewable energy resources or purchase tradable credits that represent an equivalent amount of renewable energy production. The minimum requirement is often set as a percentage share of a supplier's total retail electricity sales. The second degree amendment to H.R. 6 passed by the House on December 6, 2007, proposed a national RPS target that aimed to reach 15% of total electricity sales by 2020. Up to 4 percentage points of the 15% target could be met with energy efficiency measures. This provision was stripped out by the Senate and was not included in the final version of the bill. (For more details on issues related to the RPS provision, see CRS Report RL34116, Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS): Background and Debate Over a National Requirement , by [author name scrubbed].) The House-passed second degree amendment to H.R. 6 contained provisions that would have repealed about $22 billion of oil and gas subsidies that were designed to offset the cost of supporting a variety of energy efficiency and renewable energy tax incentives. These proposed incentives would have included a four-year extension of the renewable energy electricity production tax credit. Most of those provisions were stripped out by the Senate and were not included in the final bill. Enough tax revenue offsets were included to cover the estimated cost of the CAFE provision. (For more details about the proposed renewable energy incentives, see CRS Report RL34162, Renewable Energy: Background and Issues for the 110 th Congress , by [author name scrubbed]. For more details about the proposed repeal of oil and gas subsidies, see CRS Report RL33578, Energy Tax Policy: History and Current Issues , by [author name scrubbed].) On January 18, 2007, the House passed the 14-page CLEAN Energy Act ( H.R. 6 ) by a vote of 264-163. The bill was crafted as part of the House Leadership's "Hundred Hours Legislation." It was designed only to establish a reserve to collect funds from repealed oil and gas subsidies that could be used to support new incentives for energy efficiency and renewable energy. The goal of the reserve was to reduce foreign oil dependence and to "serve other purposes." The actual uses of the reserve would have been determined at a later date by further legislation. The issues involving the reserve were further addressed by the budget resolution process. At that point, H.R. 6 was not an omnibus energy policy bill. On June 21, 2007, the Senate adopted an amendment in the nature of a substitute to H.R. 6 ( S.Amdt. 1502 ). This action transformed H.R. 6 into a 500-page omnibus energy policy bill, with a primary focus on energy efficiency and renewable energy. The new title was the Renewable Fuels, Consumer Protection, and Energy Efficiency Act of 2007. The Senate substitute was derived primarily from S. 1419 (of the same title), which, in turn, was composed from four major bills: the Energy Savings Act ( S. 1321 ), the Public Buildings Cost Reduction Act ( S. 992 ), the Ten-in-Ten Fuel Economy Act ( S. 357 ), and the Energy Diplomacy and Security Act ( S. 193 ). Floor action to amend the substitute to attach tax provisions ( S.Amdt. 1704 ) and a renewable energy electricity portfolio standard ( S.Amdt. 1537 ) failed. The key provisions of the Senate-passed substitute to H.R. 6 were appliance efficiency standards, an increase of the renewable fuel standard (RFS) to 36 billion gallons by 2022, and an increase of the combined corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards to 35 miles per gallon (mpg) by 2020. On August 4, 2007, the House passed the omnibus energy policy bill, H.R. 3221 , which had two divisions and 13 titles. Division A contained provisions of the New Direction for Energy Independence, National Security, and Consumer Protection Act, which had nine titles composed from several bills. An adopted floor amendment ( H.Amdt. 748 ) added a 15% renewable energy portfolio standard (RPS). Division B, the Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation Tax Act of 2007, contained the provisions of the House-approved version of H.R. 2776 . It added four tax titles to H.R. 3221 , which included a four-year extension of the renewable electricity production tax credit (PTC) and several other tax incentives for energy efficiency and renewable energy. Because the House omnibus bill ( H.R. 3221 ) and the Senate omnibus bill ( H.R. 6 ) had different bill numbers, the bills could not be taken directly to conference committee. However, after the House completed action on H.R. 3221 , informal bipartisan negotiations over the omnibus energy bills began between the House and Senate. Key issues included CAFE, the renewable fuel standard, the RPS provision in H.R. 3221 , and a proposed repeal of certain oil and natural gas subsidies to offset costs for new energy efficiency and renewable energy tax incentives. In November 2007, EIA issued a report on the possible impacts of the proposals in H.R. 3221 to establish an RPS and repeal selected oil and gas subsidies. On December 1, 2007, the Ranking Member of the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources stated that the House Leadership's intent to include an RPS led him to cease negotiations. Further, on December 3, 2007, the White House announced, by letter to the Speaker of the House, that it planned to veto the negotiated bill—if it included an RPS, repeal of oil and gas tax subsidies, and certain other provisions. Subsequently, the Office of the Speaker issued a letter of response to the White House letter, which stated that the bill addressed the Administration's concerns. On December 6, 2007, the House passed (235-181) its second-degree amendments to the Senate-passed amendments to H.R. 6 . This "second version" of a House omnibus energy bill was derived primarily by trimming and modifying H.R. 3221 and adding major new provisions on CAFE and RFS. The House-passed bill included a proposed increase of the CAFE standard to 35 miles per gallon by 2020 and an increase of the renewable fuel standard to 36 billion gallons per year by 2022. The House bill also included a proposed 15% renewable electricity portfolio standard and $21 billion of new tax incentives for energy efficiency and renewable energy measures. The bill proposed to offset the new tax incentives with revenue generated by a repeal of about $21 billion in tax subsidies for oil and natural gas. Subsequently, the White House released a Statement of Administration Policy on the House-passed bill. It threatened to veto the bill because it: ... raises taxes in a way that will increase energy costs facing consumers. It would also impose a national renewable electricity standard that would ignore the specific energy and economic needs of individual states.