The Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill includes funding for more than two dozen independent agencies in Title V. These agencies perform a wide range of functions, including the management of federal real property, the regulation of financial institutions and markets, and mail delivery. This report focuses on funding for those independent agencies in Title V of the FSGG appropriations bill. It also addresses general provisions that apply government-wide, which appear in Title VII, and provisions on Cuba sanctions, which often appear in Title I. In addition, the FSGG bill funds the Department of the Treasury (Title I), the Executive Office of the President (EOP, Title II), the judiciary (Title III), the District of Columbia (Title IV), and it typically funds mandatory retirement accounts in Title VI, which also contains general provisions applying to the FSGG agencies. The FSGG bill has existed in its current form since the 2007 reorganization of the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations. The House and Senate FSGG bills fund the same agencies, with one exception. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is funded through the Agriculture appropriations bill in the House and the FSGG bill in the Senate. Although financial services are a major focus of the bills, FSGG appropriations bills do not include many financial regulatory agencies, which are instead funded outside of the appropriations process. On February 9, 2016, President Obama submitted his FY2017 budget request. The request included a total of approximately $3.19 billion for the independent agencies funded through the FSGG appropriations bill, including $330 million for the CFTC. On June 15, 2016, the House Committee on Appropriations reported the Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2017 ( H.R. 5485 , H.Rept. 114-624 ). The bill was amended on the House floor and passed on July 7, 2016. Total FY2017 funding for the FSGG independent agencies in the House-passed bill would have been approximately $1.65 billion, with another $250 million for the CFTC included in the Agriculture appropriations bill ( H.R. 5054 , H.Rept. 114-531 ). The combined total of approximately $1.9 billion would have been about $1.3 billion below President Obama's FY2017 request for the FSGG independent agencies. After a number of amendments on the floor, the House of Representatives passed H.R. 5485 on July 7, 2016. Most of the difference between the request and H.R. 5485 is in the General Services Administration (GSA) account, though substantial differences are also present in a number of other agencies. On June 16, 2016, the Senate Committee on Appropriations reported the Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, 2017 ( S. 3067 , S.Rept. 114-280 ). S. 3067 would have appropriated approximately $2.08 billion for the FSGG independent agencies, about $1.11 billion below President Obama's request. As with the House bill, most of this difference is due to the GSA. With the end of FY2016 approaching and no permanent FSGG appropriations bill enacted, Congress passed H.R. 5325 , and President Obama signed it into law as P.L. 114-223 . Division C of this act provided for continuing appropriations through December 9, 2016, generally termed a continuing resolution (CR). The CR provides funding for most FSGG agencies at the FY2016 funding rate subject to an across-the-board decrease of 0.496% (pursuant to Section 101(b) of Division C). The CR included some anoma lies , specific changes from the FY2016 funding amounts. For the FSGG independent agencies, the anomalies provided for the presidential inauguration and transition in Sections 125 and 128 of Division C. These sections provided funding at a rate for operations of $9.5 million for the GSA and $4.9 million for the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Section 129 of the CR authorized the apportionment of appropriations of up to the rate that is necessary to allow the Small Business Administration (SBA) to continue issuing general business loans under the 7(a) loan guaranty program if "increased demand for commitments" should exceed the program's fiscal year authorization ceiling, which was $26.5 billion. Two further CRs were enacted without specific FSGG anomalies: P.L. 114-254 provided funding through April 28, 2017, and a third, P.L. 115-30 , provided funding through May 5, 2017. The House of Representatives passed H.R. 244 on May 3, 2017, followed by Senate passage on May 4 and enactment on May 5. FSGG appropriations, including the CFTC, were provided in Division E. FSGG appropriations for the independent agencies totaled $1.53 billion, approximately $1.66 billion below President Obama's request. Table 1 reflects the status of FSGG appropriations measures at key points in the appropriations process. Table 2 lists the broad amounts requested by the President and included in the various FSGG bills, largely by title, and Table 3 details the amounts for the independent agencies. Specific columns in Table 2 and Table 3 are FSGG agencies' enacted amounts for FY2016, President Obama's FY2017 request, the FY2017 amounts from H.Rept. 114-624 and H.Rept. 114-531 , the FY2017 amounts from S.Rept. 114-280 , and the enacted FY2017 amounts from the Explanatory Statement in the Congressional Record. The FSGG appropriations bill provides funding for more than two dozen independent agencies, performing a wide range of functions. These functions include the management of federal real property (GSA), the regulation of financial institutions and markets (SEC and CFTC), and mail delivery (USPS). Table 3 details the FSGG independent agencies' FY2016-enacted amounts, President Obama's FY2017 request, and the FY2017 amount from the House, Senate, and final bills. The Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (popularly known as the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, or CFPB) was created in the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) as an independent agency to "regulate the offering and provision of consumer financia l products or services." CFPB is funded by the Federal Reserve according to a statutory formula. This funding is not subject to House and Senate Appropriations Committees review, although the bureau may request additional funding, which would require the enactment of an appropriations measure. No additional funding was requested for FY2017, but the FSGG bills do contain CFPB-related language. H.R. 5485 as passed by the House would have prohibited any fund transfers from the Federal Reserve to the CFPB as of October 1, 2017, instead authorizing regular appropriations for the CFBP and requiring additional reporting from the CFPB. The bill would also have changed the CFPB leadership to a five-person commission instead of a single director. S. 3067 as reported did not include similar language. P.L. 115-31 does not contain language altering the CFPB's structure or funding. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission is the independent regulatory agency charged with oversight of derivatives markets. The CFTC's functions include oversight of trading on the futures exchanges, oversight of the swaps markets, registration and supervision of futures industry personnel, self-regulatory organizations and major participants in the swaps markets, prevention of fraud and price manipulation, and investor protection. Although most futures trading is now related to financial variables, such as interest rates, currency prices, and stock indexes, congressional authorization jurisdiction remains vested in the House and Senate Agriculture Committees because of the market's historical origins as an adjunct to agricultural markets. Appropriations for the CFTC are under the jurisdiction of the Agriculture Appropriations Subcommittee in the House and the Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Subcommittee in the Senate. Following the financial crisis of 2008, concerns over the largely unregulated nature of the over-the-counter swaps markets led to various reforms passed in Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act. This act brought the bulk of the previously unregulated over-the-counter swaps markets under CFTC jurisdiction as well as the previously regulated futures and options markets. Passage of the Dodd-Frank Act resulted in the CFTC's oversight of the economically significant swaps markets with an estimated notional value of roughly $240 trillion in the United States. This newly regulated market comes on top of the CFTC's prior jurisdiction over the futures and options markets, with an estimated $34 trillion notional value in the United States. The President requested $330 million for the CFTC in FY2017. H.R. 5054 as reported and S. 3067 as reported would have appropriated $250 million, the same amount as enacted in FY2016. P.L. 115-31 included $250 million for the CFTC. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is a federal regulatory agency whose mission is to reduce consumers' risk of harm from the use of a wide array of products. In carrying out its statutory responsibilities, the commission creates mandatory safety standards; works with industries to develop voluntary safety standards; bans products it deems unsafe when other options are not feasible; monitors the recall of defective products; informs and educates consumers about product hazards; conducts research on and develops testing methods for product safety; collects and publishes for public use a host of data on injuries and product hazards; and collaborates with state and local governments to establish uniform domestic product regulations. The Obama Administration requested $130.5 million in appropriations for the commission in FY2017, or $5.5 million more than the FY2016-enacted amount.