O n October 3, 2017, the House Energy and Commerce Committee introduced the Community Health and Medical Professionals Improve Our Nation Act of 2017 (the CHAMPION Act, H.R. 3922 ). This bill was marked up by the committee on October 4, 2017. On October 30, 2017, the House Rules Committee posted an amendment in the nature of a substitute for H.R. 3922 . The amendment considered by the House struck the text of the CHAMPION Act and replaced it with the text of the amendment in the nature of the substitute. The amendment in the nature of a substitute is entitled the Continuing Community Health And Medical Professional Programs to Improve Our Nation, Increase National Gains, and Help Ensure Access for Little Ones, Toddlers, and Hopeful Youth by Keeping Insurance Delivery Stable Act of 2017 (CHAMPIONING HEALTHY KIDS Act). In revising the language of the CHAMPION Act, the CHAMPIONING HEALTHY KIDS Act includes revised language for the CHAMPION Act in Division A. Division A would extend funding for several public health programs that had received directed appropriations through FY2017. It would also make a number of changes to these programs and would provide offsets for the proposed funding extensions. Division B of this act would, among other things, extend funding for the State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). On November 1, 2017, the House Rules Committee adopted an amendment to this bill that would lessen the amount that would be reduced from the Public Health and Prevention Fund (PPHF). The House passed the CHAMPIONING HEALTHY KIDS Act on November 3, 2017, by a vote of 242 to 174. On December 13, 2017, the chair of the House Committee on Appropriations, Representative Rodney Frelinghuysen, introduced H.J.Res 124 . This measure would extend temporary continuing appropriations for most federal agencies (Division A) and provide full-year appropriations for the Department of Defense (Division B). Division C, Subdivision 1 (§§21001-21202), of this measure is largely identical to the text of Division A of the House-passed CHAMPIONING HEALTHY KIDS Act ( H.R. 3922 ). This report summarizes the provisions in Division A of the CHAMPIONING HEALTHY KIDS Act that would extend funding for certain public health programs and provide offsets for these funding extensions. Division B—the extension of CHIP funding—is discussed in CRS Report R44989, Comparison of the Bills to Extend State Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) Funding . According to Congressional Budget Office (CBO) and the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) cost estimates for the CHAMPIONING HEALTHY KIDS Act language posted on the House Rules Committee website on October 30, 2017, Division A is estimated to decrease federal spending by $4.1 billion and increase revenues by $0.7 billion, for a net savings of $4.8 billion over the period of FY2018 through FY2027. Division A of the CHAMPIONING HEALTHY KIDS Act would extend funding for a number of public health programs, which are discussed briefly below. Because the bill would also make a number of changes to these programs, information for certain public health programs is provided for context. Information about the public health programs included in Division A and their funding histories is available in the following CRS reports: CRS Report R43937, Federal Health Centers: An Overview ; CRS Report R44970, The National Health Service Corps ; CRS Report RS20301, Teenage Pregnancy Prevention: Statistics and Programs ; CRS Report R44662, Health Care-Related Expiring Provisions of the 115th Congress, First Session ; and the "Teaching Health GME" section in CRS Report R44376, Federal Support for Graduate Medical Education: An Overview . For the majority of the public health programs included in this bill, FY2017 was the last year of appropriated funding. There are two exceptions: the Teaching Health Center Graduate Medical Education Payment Program and the Special Diabetes Program for Indians. Funding for these two programs was provided for the first quarter of FY2018 (i.e., through December 31, 2017) in the Disaster Tax Relief and Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2017 ( P.L. 115-63 ). Division A of the CHAMPIONING HEALTHY KIDS Act also includes the following provisions as offsets: (1) a change to the qualified health plan grace period requirement for individuals who receive advanced premium tax credits for health insurance purchased on the exchanges and (2) reductions to the Prevention and Public Health Fund. Although other pending legislation proposes extending some of the same public health programs included in Division A of the CHAMPIONING HEALTHY KIDS Act CHAMPION Act, a comparison of those bills is beyond the scope of this report. Unless otherwise specified, all references to the "Secretary" refer to the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The health center program, authorized by Section 330 of the Public Health Service Act (PHSA), provides grants to not-for-profit or state and local government entities to operate outpatient health centers. These centers are required to be located in medically underserved areas (MUAs) or to provide care to a population that is designated as underserved. Grants are awarded competitively, with some preference given to sites in rural areas. The program has a number of grant programs, including, but not limited to, grants to support health center operations, grants to enable health centers to expand services, and grants for health centers to engage in quality improvement activities. The health center program supports four types of health centers: (1) community health centers, (2) health centers for the homeless, (3) health centers for residents of public housing, and (4) migrant health centers. Community health centers (CHCs) are the most numerous because they provide care to a generally underserved population. The remaining three types are less common because each serves more targeted subpopulations of the underserved than do CHCs. All four types of health centers are required to provide primary health services and preventive and emergency health services. Primary health services are those provided by physicians or physician extenders (physicians' assistants, nurse clinicians, and nurse practitioners) to diagnose, treat, or refer patients. Primary health services include relevant diagnostic laboratory and radiology services. Preventive health services include well-child care, prenatal and postpartum care, immunization, family planning, health education, and preventive dental care. Emergency health services refer to the requirement that health centers have defined arrangements with outside providers for emergent cases that the center is not equipped to treat and for after-hours care. Health centers are also required to provide additional health services that are not primary health services but are necessary to meet the health needs of the service population. This includes, but is not limited to, behavioral health services and environmental health services. Historically, the health center program had generally been supported with discretionary appropriations; however, in 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA, P.L. 111-148 , as amended) created the Community Health Center Fund (CHCF), which provided mandatory funding for the program. The ACA appropriated a total of $9.5 billion to the fund from FY2011 through FY2015, as follows: $1 billion for FY2011, $1.2 billion for FY2012, $1.5 billion for FY2013, $2.2 billion for FY2014, and $3.6 billion for FY2015. Funding for the CHCF was subsequently extended as part of the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA, P.L. 114-10 ), which provided $3.6 billion for each of FY2016 and FY2017. The mandatory CHCF appropriations are provided in addition to discretionary funding for the program; however, the CHCF comprised approximately 72% of health center programs' appropriations in FY2017. The CHCF also provides mandatory funding for the National Health Service Corps (NHSC), authorized in Title III of the PHSA. The NHSC provides scholarships and loan repayments to certain health professionals in exchange for providing care in a health professional shortage area (HPSA) for a period of time that varies based on the length of the scholarship or the number of years of loan repayment received. This program last received discretionary appropriations in FY2011; since that time, CHCF funds have been the sole source of NHSC funding. The ACA also created and provided mandatory funding for the Teaching Health Center Graduate Medical Education Program (THCGME). The program provides direct and indirect graduate medical education (GME) payments to support medical and dental residents training at qualified teaching health centers, which are outpatient health care facilities that provide care to underserved patients. The program was established in the ACA, which appropriated $230 million for direct and indirect GME payments for the period of FY2011 through FY2015. Program funding was subsequently extended in MACRA, which appropriated $60 million for each of FY2016 and FY2017 for direct and indirect GME payments for teaching health centers. MACRA funds were used to fund residents at existing teaching health center programs; no new teaching health centers were added to the program. MACRA funds ended at the end of FY2017. Program funding was extended for the first quarter of FY2018 in the Disaster Tax Relief and Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2017 ( P.L. 115-63 ), which provided $15 million for the first quarter of FY2018. These three programs are administered by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) within HHS.