On June 28, 2007, the House approved $43.8 billion for agencies funded through the Financial Services and General Government (FSGG) appropriations bill ( H.R. 2829 ), a $3.1 billion increase over FY2007 enacted funding and $101 million above the President's FY2008 request. Discretionary spending in the bill totaled $21.4 billion, a decrease of $245 million from the President's request, but $1.9 billion more than was enacted in FY2007. The Senate appropriations FSGG subcommittee marked up its version of the bill July 10, and the full committee reported it July 12. The Senate bill recommended $44.2 billion in appropriations, a $3.4 billion increase over FY2007 enacted funding and $414 million above the President's FY2008 request. Discretionary spending in the Senate bill totaled $21.8 billion, approximately $20 million above the President's request and $2.3 billion more than was enacted in FY2007. The Senate took no further action on H.R. 2829 , and the agencies included in the FSGG appropriations bill were funded until December 31, 2007, by a series of continuing resolutions. Under the continuing resolutions, FSGG agencies were generally funded at FY2007 rates. FSGG appropriations were ultimately included in a consolidated appropriations bill, H.R. 2764 , which passed the Senate, as amended, on December 18, and passed the House on December 19, 2007. President Bush signed H.R. 2764 , the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 ( P.L. 110-161 ), on December 26, 2007. Division D of the act provides a total of $43.3 billion for FSGG agencies, $2.6 billion more than enacted in FY2007, but $421 million less than requested by the President. Compared with H.R. 2829 , the act provides $583 million less than approved by the House, and $829 million less than approved by the Senate Appropriations Committee. Discretionary spending in the act totals $20.6 billion, which is $1.1 billion more than enacted in FY2007, but $1.1 billion less than the amount requested by the President. Compared with H.R. 2829 , discretionary funding in the act is $1.1 billion below the amount recommended by the Senate Appropriations Committee, and $883 million less than the amount approved by the House. Table 1 notes the status of H.R. 2829 and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008 ( H.R. 2764 ). In early 2007, the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations reorganized their subcommittee structures. Each chamber created a new Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government (FSGG). In the House, the jurisdiction of the FSGG Subcommittee was formed primarily of agencies that had been under the jurisdiction of the Subcommittee on Transportation, Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, the Judiciary, the District of Columbia, and Independent Agencies, commonly referred to as "TTHUD." In addition, the House FSGG Subcommittee was assigned four independent agencies that had been under the jurisdiction of the Science, State, Justice, Commerce, and Related Agencies Subcommittee. In the Senate, the jurisdiction of the new FSGG Subcommittee was a combination of agencies from the jurisdiction of three previously existing subcommittees. The District of Columbia, which had its own subcommittee in the 109 th Congress, was placed under the purview of the FSGG Subcommittee, as were four independent agencies that had been under the jurisdiction of the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Subcommittee. Additionally, most of the agencies that had been under the jurisdiction of the Subcommittee on Transportation, Treasury, the Judiciary, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies were assigned to the FSGG Subcommittee. As a result of this reorganization, the House and Senate FSGG subcommittees have nearly identical jurisdictions. Appropriations provisions relating to FSGG agencies are in Division D of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008. Division D provides funding through five titles, each of which is discussed in a separate section of this report. In addition, Division D includes three titles relating to general provisions. The language for government-wide general provisions was proposed by the Administration in the appendix to the FY2008 budget request, and was included in Title VII of Division D. The House Appropriations Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government is the primary source of the House funding figures used throughout the report. Senate funding figures are taken from S.Rept. 110-129 , which accompanied H.R. 2829 . Other sources include the President's FY2008 budget request, the House Appropriations Committee print of P.L. 110-161 and its accompanying explanatory statement, and agency budget materials. On June 28, 2007, the House approved $43.8 billion for FY2008 appropriations for FSGG agencies. Compared to FY2007 enacted amounts, the House bill, H.R. 2829 , would have increased appropriations for each of five titles, with the largest gains proposed for the District of Columbia (+10.8%) and the smallest for the Executive Office of the President (+0.25%). The House bill would have also increased funding for the Department of the Treasury (+5.4%), the Judiciary (+4.7%), and Independent Agencies (+9.7%). Compared to the President's FY2008 request, the House bill would have increased funding for the District of Columbia (+9.5%), the Department of the Treasury (+1.0%), and Independent Agencies (+1.0%). Funding under the House bill would have decreased relative to the President's request for the Judiciary (-3.9%) and the Executive Office of the President (-2.1%). On July 12, 2007, the Senate Appropriations Committee reported its version of the FSGG appropriations bill. Compared to FY2007 enacted amounts, the Senate bill would have increased funding for each of the five titles, with the largest gains proposed for Independent Agencies (+11.0%) and the smallest for the Executive Office of the President (+0.9%). The Senate bill would have also increased funding for the Department of the Treasury (+5.4%), the Judiciary (+6.0%), and the District of Columbia (+3.8%). Compared to the President's FY2008 request, the Senate bill would have increased funding for the Department of the Treasury (+0.9%), the District of Columbia (+2.7%), and Independent Agencies (+2.0%). Funding under the Senate bill would have decreased relative to the President's request for the Executive Office of the President (-1.5%) and the Judiciary (-2.7%). No further action on H.R. 2829 was taken by the Senate. The agencies included in the FSGG appropriations bill were funded from the start of FY2007 until December 31, 2007, by a series of continuing resolutions. Under the continuing resolutions, FSGG agencies were generally funded at FY2007 rates, although the District of Columbia had special funding provisions. The FSGG agencies were ultimately funded through H.R. 2764 , a consolidated appropriations bill which passed the Senate on December 18, and passed the House, as amended, on December 19. The bill was signed by President Bush on December 26, 2007, becoming P.L. 110-161 , the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008. Table 2 lists, by title, the enacted amounts for FY2007, the President's request for FY2008, funding levels approved by the House under H.R. 2829 , the amounts reported by the Senate Appropriations Committee under H.R. 2829 , and the amounts enacted. The wide scope of FY2008 FSGG appropriations—which provide funding for two of the three branches of the federal government, a city government, and 20 independent agencies with a range of functions—encompasses a number of potentially controversial issues, some of which are identified below. Department of the Treasury. Did the proposed budget provide adequate funding for enforcement, taxpayer services, and business systems modernization at the Internal Revenue Service? Executive Office of the President (EOP). Should Congress accept the President's proposals to (1) consolidate EOP budget accounts into a single appropriation, (2) expand the authority of the EOP to transfer funds among separate appropriations accounts, and (3) centralize funding for administrative services provided throughout the EOP in the Office of Administration? The Judiciary. What level of funding should Congress provide for judicial security enhancements and other workforce issues, such as pay raises for judges, and the hiring of additional staff and creation of additional judgeships to meet the demands of rising caseloads? Independent Agencies. Should Congress enact the President's proposed budget for the United States Postal Service (USPS), which is $64 million less than what USPS had requested and $20 million below the amount enacted for FY2007? This section examines FY2008 appropriations for the Treasury Department and its operating bureaus, including the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Table 3 shows the FY2007 enacted amount, the President's FY2008 request, the FY2008 amount approved by the House, the FY2008 amount recommended by the Senate Appropriations Committee, and the amount enacted for FY2008. The Treasury Department performs a variety of governmental functions. Foremost among them are protecting the nation's financial system against a host of illicit activities (e.g., money laundering and terrorist financing), collecting tax revenue, enforcing tax laws, managing and accounting for federal debt, administering the federal government's finances, regulating financial institutions, and producing and distributing coins and currency. At its most basic level of organization, Treasury consists of departmental offices and operating bureaus.