On January 17, 2014, the President signed into law the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014 ( H.R. 3547 / P.L. 113-76 ), which provides full-year funding for FY2014, including the foreign affairs budget. Tables in Appendix A and Appendix B have been updated to show a comparison of the enacted FY2014 appropriations law with FY2013 post-rescission funding levels, the President's FY2014 request, and House- and Senate-recommended levels. On October 16, 2013, after 16 days of a government shutdown resulting from an appropriations lapse, Congress passed the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014 ( H.R. 2775 ); the President signed it into law ( P.L. 113-46 ) on October 17, 2013. ( Appendix C provides information on the impact of government shutdown on the Department of State and Foreign Aid.) The continuing resolution (CR) continued FY2013 funding levels, including previous sequestration and rescission reductions, until January 15, 2014. H.J.Res. 106 ( P.L. 113-73 ), approved by the House and Senate on January 15, extended the CR through January 18, allowing extra time for legislative consideration of an omnibus appropriation bill. The Administration's FY2014 request of $51.84 billion for State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs represented about 1.4% of the total budget request for FY2014. It was 5.3% less than the FY2013 request and about 2% less than the FY2013 post-sequester funding estimate. (Unless otherwise noted, all of the FY2013 funding levels in this report reflect estimated funding levels after both sequestration and across-the-board rescissions are applied.) The Consolidated Appropriations Act, FY2014, provides total funding of $49.16 billion for State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs, a 7% reduction when compared with FY2013 estimates and 5.2% less than the President's FY2014 request. The total enacted amount includes $42.64 billion in core funds (for ongoing expenditures) and $6.52 billion in Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) funds for temporary, extraordinary expenditures in frontline states of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, as well as other congressional priorities. The State Department and related agencies request of $16.88 billion (including the mandatory Foreign Service Retirement and Disability Fund) represented a decline of 5.5% from the estimated FY2013 funding level of $17.86 billion. For FY2014, Congress enacted a $15.86 billion in total funding for the State Department and related agencies, representing a decline of 11.2% from the FY2013 estimated level and 6% below the President's FY2014 request. Within State-Foreign Operations, about $34.95 billion was requested for foreign operations accounts, which was a 0.2% decrease from the FY2013 estimated funding of $35.02 billion. The FY2014 foreign operations request had sought to include funding for Food for Peace programs that traditionally are funded through the Department of Agriculture appropriation. As a result, the FY2014 request for Agriculture programs within the 150 budget would have decreased dramatically from the FY2013 post-sequestration funding of $1.54 billion to $185 million. The FY2014-enacted foreign operations budget totals $33.72 billion, 3.7% below the FY2013 estimated funding and 3.5% below the President's FY2014 request. Congress did not agree to fund the Food for Peace program within the State-Foreign Operations appropriations. Since FY2012, the Administration's international affairs budget has distinguished between what it has interchangeably called "core," "base," or "enduring" funding, and funding to support "overseas contingency operations" (OCO), described in budget documents as "extraordinary, but temporary, costs of the Department of State and USAID in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan." Congress has adopted this approach, but has defined OCO more broadly. In each of the last three years, Congress has appropriated more OCO funding than requested, and for a broader range of countries and activities. For example, within the international affairs budget in FY2012, the Obama Administration requested $8.7 billion for OCO, and Congress enacted $11.2 billion. In FY2013, the Administration requested $8.2 billion for OCO, but Congress enacted $11.9 billion. The FY2014 request continues this pattern. Of the total funding requested for State-Foreign Operations in FY2014, $3.8 billion was designated as OCO, while Congress appropriated $6.5 billion (net rescissions of $426 million). On July 25, 2013, the Senate Appropriations Committee passed its FY2014 State-Foreign Operations spending bill, S. 1372 . The House Appropriations Committee approved H.R. 2855 , a State-Foreign Operations appropriations bill for FY2014, on July 30, 2013. The House bill included $40.78 billion in spending, net of rescissions, or about 21.3% below the FY2014 request and 22.9% below the FY2013 funding estimate. The Senate bill totaled $49.49 billion, which was 4.5% less than requested and 6.4% less than FY2013 funding (see Table 1 below). On January 13, 2014, after extensive negotiations, appropriations leaders reached a spending agreement and introduced a Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014 (an amendment to H.R. 3547 ). The conferenced bill was approved by the House on January 15 and by the Senate the next day. The President signed it into law ( P.L. 113-76 ) on January 17, 2014. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014 ( P.L. 113-76 ), total funding of $49.16 billion for State Department, Foreign Operations and Related Programs is less than 1% below the Senate-proposed FY2014 level of $49.49 billion, but is 20.5% above the House-proposed total of $40.78 billion. For State Department operations and related programs, the enacted funding level of $15.86 billion is 3.6% below the Senate-proposed level of $16.46 billion, but 7.3% greater than the House-proposed total of $14.78 billion. The foreign operations FY2014-enacted funding level of $33.72 billion is 1.7% below Senate-proposed level of $34.29 billion and 26% above the House-proposed level of $26.77 billion. Congress designated a total of $6.9 billion (before rescissions) for OCO funds, of which $1.8 billion is for State operations and related programs and $5.1 billion is for foreign operations (see Figure 1 below). Account level data for each proposal are available in Appendix A . The steepest cuts in the House bill would have been applied to the foreign operations accounts (-23.4% from the request and -23.6% from the FY2013 estimate), though State Department accounts also would have been reduced significantly (-12.4% from the request and -17.2% from the FY2013 estimate). The Senate bill, in contrast, proposed relatively minimal reductions to foreign operations accounts (-1.9% from the request and -2.1% from the FY2013 estimate), but somewhat larger cuts for the State Department and related programs (-2.5% from the request and -7.8% from FY2013). Both the House and Senate bills designated about $6.5 billion as OCO funding, or 71% more than the $3.8 billion requested as OCO for FY2014. The Department of State and Related Agency accounts include funding for the personnel, operations, and programs of the Department of State; U.S. participation in international organizations, such as the United Nations, as well as small commissions such as the International Boundary and Water Commission between the United States and Mexico; U.S. government, non-military-international broadcasting; and several U.S. non-governmental agencies whose purposes also help promote U.S. interests abroad, and other U.S. commissions and interparliamentary groups more directly related to U.S. foreign policy initiatives, such as the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom. Funds for embassy construction, leasing or purchasing land for embassies, and embassy security activities are also included. Within State Department operations, two subaccounts contain the bulk of the overall embassy security funding: Worldwide Security Protection (WSP) within the Diplomatic and Consular Programs (D&CP) account and Worldwide Security Upgrades (WSU) within the Embassy Security, Construction and Maintenance (ESCM) account. WSP provides funding for salaries, maintenance, and software for embassy protection, whereas WSU provides funds for the brick-and-mortar type of security, as well as for construction of secure new compounds. The Administration's FY2014 request sought $16.88 billion for the State Department and Related Agency accounts, a significant decrease from FY2013 levels that was largely attributable to a large reduction in requested OCO Iraq operations funds, as the U.S. presence and footprint in that country were reduced. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2014 aligns with the request in that it generally provides a boost for the topline "enduring" or non-emergency operating accounts of the Department of State, while reducing emergency (OCO) funding significantly from FY2013 levels as U.S. presence in the frontline states of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan continues to be reduced. For example, Diplomatic and Consular Programs (D&CP—the department's operating account) sees an overall reduction of 17.2% from FY2013 levels and 5.7% less than the Administration requested.