Three postsecondary student financial aid programs authorized under the Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) are collectively referred to as the campus-based programs—the Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG) program, the Federal Work-Study (FWS) program, and the Federal Perkins Loan program. The campus-based programs are unique among the need-based federal student aid programs in that federal funds are awarded to institutions of higher education (IHEs) according to formulas that take into account past institutional awards and the aggregate financial need of students attending the institutions. The mix and amount of aid students receive under the programs are determined by each institution's financial aid administrator according to institution-specific award criteria, rather than according to nondiscretionary award criteria, such as that applicable for Pell Grants and Direct Subsidized Loans. The FSEOG and FWS programs were most recently amended and extended under the Higher Education Opportunity Act (HEOA; P.L. 110-315 ), which reauthorized the programs that are part of the HEA. Minor changes were made to these programs. The HEOA also amended and extended the Perkins Loan program, making several changes to it, including increases to loan limits and an expansion of loan cancellation benefits. The campus-based programs' authorization of appropriations, along with many other provisions under the HEA, expired at the end of FY2014. However, Section 422 of the General Education Provisions Act (GEPA) automatically extended the programs' authorizations through FY2015. Congress provided appropriations for the FSEOG and FWS programs beyond FY2015 under a series of appropriations measures, most recently through March 23, 2018, under the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2018 ( P.L. 115-123 ). The Perkins Loan program was amended and extended through FY2017 under the Federal Perkins Loan Program Extension Act of 2015 (Extension Act; P.L. 114-105 ). The authority for institutions to make new Perkins Loans expired on September 30, 2017. This report begins by providing a brief description of each of the campus-based programs, including the terms under which such financial aid is awarded to students and the procedures under which federal funds are allocated to institutions for that purpose. It then provides historical information on federal funds appropriated for each of the programs, an analysis of the number and types of students served, and selected program statistics. This part of the report provides a description of each of the three HEA campus-based financial aid programs—the FSEOG program, the FWS program, and the Federal Perkins Loan program. Program descriptions explain the purpose of each program and the terms under which aid is provided to students. They also include a brief explanation of how federal funds are allocated to institutions for the purpose of providing aid to students. The FSEOG program authorizes the Secretary of Education (the Secretary) to grant funds to IHEs for the purpose of providing financial assistance to undergraduate students with exceptional financial need to aid them in obtaining the benefits of postsecondary education. The FSEOG program is authorized by Title IV, Part A, Subpart 3 of the HEA. It first was incorporated into the HEA under the Education Amendments of 1972 (P.L. 92-318). Prior to authorization of the FSEOG program, Education Opportunity Grants, authorized under the HEA of 1965 (P.L. 89-329), served a similar purpose. From the funds allotted to them by the Secretary, institutions award FSEOG aid to eligible students as part of their financial aid packages. Institutions are required to award FSEOG aid first to students with exceptional financial need, as determined according to the HEA need analysis provisions, with priority going to students receiving Pell Grants. Institutions may establish categories of students for purposes of packaging FSEOG awards. For example, "categories may be based on class standing, enrollment status, program, date of application, or a combination of factors." Categorization of awards may not be used to arbitrarily deny FSEOG aid to students, for example by establishing a policy of awarding aid on a first-come, first-served basis. FSEOG aid consists of a federal share, not to exceed 75% (except if the Secretary determines that a larger share is necessary to further the purpose of the program), and a nonfederal share of at least 25%. The nonfederal share is required to be funded through the institution's resources, such as institutional grants and scholarships, tuition or fee waivers, state scholarships, and foundation or other charitable organization funds. The Department of Education (ED) has determined that all state scholarships and grants can be counted toward meeting the nonfederal share, except for any portion of those awards that may be attributable to federal funds. Unlike the other two campus-based programs, students are eligible to receive FSEOG aid only during the period required to complete a first undergraduate baccalaureate course of study. The maximum FSEOG award amount per academic year is the lesser of the student's financial need or $4,000. In the case of a student studying abroad, and if the cost of studying abroad exceeds the cost of studying at the student's home institution, the FSEOG award may be increased to a maximum of $4,400. The minimum value of an FSEOG award is $100 per year. For students enrolled for less than a full academic year, the value of FSEOG awards must be proportionately reduced. Institutions are required to award a "reasonable proportion" of FSEOG aid to independent students and to those who are enrolled less than full-time, if the institution's allocation of FSEOG funds was based in part on the financial need of such students. Students do not repay FSEOG awards. The federal share of FSEOG funds are allocated to IHEs according to procedures prescribed in the authorizing statute. Funds are first allocated to institutions in proportion to the amount they received in previous years, with priority going to institutions that participated in the program in FY1999 or earlier. Next, funds are allocated to those institutions that began participating after FY1999, but which are not first- or second-time participants. Following this, funds are allocated to institutions that are first- or second-year participants. Provided that sufficient funds are appropriated, institutions that participated in the FSEOG program in FY1999 or earlier receive 100% of their FY1999 allocation. This is referred to as their base guarantee. Institutions that began participating after FY1999, but that are not first- or second-time participants receive a base guarantee that is the greatest of 90% of the amount they received in their second year of participation or $5,000. Institutions participating in the FSEOG program for their first or second year receive as their base guarantee, the greatest of $5,000, 90% of an amount proportional to that received by comparable institutions, or 90% of what the institution received in its first year of participation. However, if an institution began participating in FSEOG after FY1999 and received a larger allocation in its second year of participation than in its first, it is allocated 90% of the amount it received in its second year of participation. Institutions' base guarantees are adjusted to be proportional to the ratio of total funds available for the FSEOG program to the national total of institutions' base guarantees. This amount is called an institution's adjusted base guarantee. After allocating institutions their adjusted base guarantee, any remaining FSEOG funds are allocated to institutions proportionately according to their eligible amount of need that is greater than their adjusted base guarantee. An institution's eligible amount of need, or fair share, is calculated by subtracting the sum of aid provided under the Pell Grant program from the aggregate financial need of the institution's undergraduate students. Undergraduate student financial need is determined through a formula that takes into account the cost of attendance (COA) at the institution and the expected family contribution (EFC) of a representative sample of students. Institutions with a fair share amount of need that is greater than their FSEOG adjusted base guarantee are considered to have an excess eligible amount of need. These institutions receive an allocation greater than their base guarantee, which is called their fair share increase. Institutions' total allotments are the sum of their adjusted base guarantee and their total fair share increase. Institutions are provided flexibility to carry over up to 10% of their allocation for use in a succeeding fiscal year to carry out the FSEOG program. They also may carry-back funds to make grants to students prior to the beginning of the fiscal year, but after the end of the prior academic year. The Secretary is authorized to reallocate any excess funds returned by institutions. An institution returning more than 10% of its allocation will have its next year's allocation reduced by the amount returned, unless the Secretary determines it would be contrary to the interest of the program. Finally, the Secretary is authorized to allocate up to 10% of funds appropriated in excess of $700 million for the programs under HEA Title IV, Part A, to institutions from which 50% or more of Pell Grant recipients either graduate or transfer to four-year institutions. The purpose of Federal Work Student programs (FWS) is to provide part-time employment to undergraduate, graduate, and professional students in need of earnings to pursue their course of study and to encourage student participation in community service activities. FWS programs are authorized under the HEA at Title IV, Part C. They first were authorized under the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 (P.L. 88-452) and administered by the U.S. Department of Labor's Office of Economic Opportunity. In 1968, under P.L. 90-575, authority for the FWS programs was transferred to Title IV of the HEA. An institution's financial aid administrator is responsible for awarding FWS aid to eligible students.