This report focuses on FY2016 appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. It first presents a brief overview of the agencies in the bill. It then describes the appropriations enacted for FY2016 in Division G of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 ( P.L. 114-113 ), on December 18, 2015. The report next sets out earlier action on FY2016 funding for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. This section includes a description of the appropriations requested by the President for FY2016 and a comparison of the President's request and appropriations enacted for FY2015. It also includes a comparison of the FY2016 appropriations reported by the House and Senate Appropriations Committees with each other, with FY2015 enacted appropriations, and with FY2016 appropriations requested by the President. Appropriations are complex. For example, budget justifications for requests for some agencies are large, numbering several hundred pages and containing numerous funding, programmatic, and legislative changes for congressional consideration. Further, appropriations laws provide funds for numerous accounts, activities, and subactivities, and the accompanying explanatory statements provide additional directives and other important information. This report does not provide account- and subaccount-level information or detail of budgetary reorganizations or legislative changes enacted in law or proposed by the President, the House Appropriations Committee, or the Senate Appropriations Committee. For information on FY2016 appropriations for a particular agency or for individual accounts, programs, or activities administered by a particular agency, contact the key policy staff listed at the end of this report. The annual Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill includes funding for agencies and programs in three separate federal departments as well as numerous related agencies. The Interior bill typically contains three primary titles. Title I provides funding for most Department of the Interior (DOI) agencies, many of which manage land and other natural resource or regulatory programs. Title II contains appropriations for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Title III funds about 20 agencies in other departments, such as the Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture and the Indian Health Service in the Department of Health and Human Services; arts and cultural agencies, such as the Smithsonian Institution; and various other entities. Title III of the bill is referred to as "Related Agencies." Selected major agencies in the Interior bill are briefly described below. The mission of DOI is to protect and manage the nation's natural resources and cultural heritage; provide scientific and other information about those resources; and exercise trust responsibilities and other commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated island communities. DOI agencies funded in the Interior bill that carry out this mission include the following: The Bureau of Land Management administers about 245 million acres of public land, mostly in the West, for diverse uses such as energy and mineral development, livestock grazing, recreation, and preservation. The agency is also responsible for about 700 million acres of federal subsurface mineral estate throughout the nation and supervises the mineral operations on about 56 million acres of Indian Trust lands. The Fish and Wildlife Service administers the National Wildlife Refuge System, consisting of 89 million acres of federal land, of which 77 million acres (86%) are in Alaska. It also manages several large marine refuges and marine national monuments, sometimes jointly with other federal agencies. It is the primary agency responsible for implementing the Endangered Species Act (through listing of species; consulting with other federal agencies; collaborating with private entities and state, tribal, and local governments; and through other measures), promoting wildlife habitat, enforcing federal wildlife laws, supporting wildlife and ecosystem science, conserving migratory birds, administering grants to aid state fish and wildlife programs, and coordinating with state, international, and other federal agencies on fish and wildlife issues. The National Park Service administers the National Park System—407 diverse units covering 85 million acres in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories. Roughly two-thirds of the system's lands are in Alaska. The National Park Service has a dual mission—to preserve unique resources and to provide for their enjoyment by the public. The agency also supports and promotes some resource conservation activities outside the Park System through grant and technical assistance programs and cooperation with partners. The U.S. Geological Survey is a science agency that provides physical and biological information related to geological resources, climate change, and energy, mineral, water, and biological sciences and resources. In addition, it is the federal government's principal civilian mapping agency and a primary source of data on the quality of the nation's water resources. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management manages development of the nation's offshore conventional and renewable energy resources in the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Arctic. These resources are in areas covering approximately 1.7 billion acres located beyond state waters, mostly in the Alaska region (more than 1 billion acres) but also off all coastal states. The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement provides regulatory and safety oversight for resource development in the Outer Continental Shelf. Among its responsibilities are oil and gas permitting, facility inspections, environmental compliance, and oil spill response planning. The Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement works with states and tribes to reclaim abandoned coal mines. The agency also regulates active coal mines to minimize environmental impacts during mining and to reclaim affected lands and waters after mining. Indian Affairs provides and funds a variety of services to federally recognized American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes and their members and historically has been the lead agency in federal dealings with tribes. The Bureau of Indian Affairs is responsible for programs that include government operations, courts, law enforcement, fire protection, social programs, roads, economic development, employment assistance, housing repair, irrigation, dams, Indian rights protection, implementation of land and water settlements, and management of trust assets (real estate and natural resources). The Bureau of Indian Education funds an elementary and secondary school system, institutions of higher education, and other educational programs. The mission of EPA is to protect human health and the environment. Primary responsibilities include the implementation of federal statutes regulating air quality, water quality, pesticides, toxic substances, management and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes, and cleanup of environmental contamination. EPA also awards grants to assist states and local governments in implementing federal law and in complying with federal requirements to control pollution. Among the Related Agencies funded in the Interior bill, roughly 95% of the funding is typically provided to the following agencies and organizations: The Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture manages 193 million acres of national forests, national grasslands, and a tallgrass prairie in 44 states and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; provides technical and financial assistance to states, tribes, and private forest landowners; and conducts research on sustaining forest resources for future generations. The Indian Health Service in the Department of Health and Human Services provides medical and environmental health services for more than 2 million American Indians and Alaska Natives. Health care is provided through a system of facilities and programs operated by the agency, tribes and tribal organizations, and urban Indian organizations. As of January 2015, the agency operated 28 hospitals, 62 health centers, and 25 health stations. Tribes and tribal organizations, through Indian Health Service contracts and compacts, operated another 18 hospitals, 282 health centers, 80 health stations, and 150 Alaska Native village clinics. Urban Indian organizations operated 33 ambulatory or referral programs. The Smithsonian Institution is a museum and research complex consisting of 19 museums and galleries, the National Zoo, and nine research facilities throughout the United States and around the world. Almost 27 million people visited Smithsonian facilities in 2014. Established by federal legislation in 1846 with the acceptance of a trust donation by the institution's namesake benefactor, the Smithsonian is funded by both federal appropriations and a private trust, with nearly $1.36 billion in total revenue from all sources of funding for FY2014. The National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities make up the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities. The National Endowment for the Arts is a major federal source of support for all arts disciplines. Since 1965 it has awarded more than 145,000 grants that have been distributed to all states. The National Endowment for the Humanities generally supports grants for humanities education, research, preservation, and public humanities programs; creation of regional humanities centers; and development of humanities programs under the jurisdiction of state humanities councils. Since 1965, it has awarded almost 63,000 grants. It also supports a Challenge Grant program to stimulate and match private donations in support of humanities institutions. Prior to enactment of FY2016 appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 ( P.L. 114-74 ) raised the caps in the Budget Control Act of 2011 ( P.L. 112-25 ) for each type of discretionary spending—defense and nondefense. Specifically, the 2015 law raised the caps by $25 billion in FY2016 (and $15 billion in FY2017). Thus, consideration of the appropriations legislation enacted for FY2016 was subject to the increased spending limits in the 2015 law. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, enacted December 18, 2015, provided $32.23 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. The total included $452.0 million for the Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) program, which compensates counties and local governments for nontaxable lands within their jurisdictions. Although the enacted appropriation included additional funding for Wildland Fire Management as compared with FY2015, it did not provide for either a new cap adjustment to the discretionary spending limits in law or emergency funding for this purpose, as had been proposed. Agencies received varying amounts of the $32.23 billion total appropriation. For DOI agencies in Title I, appropriations were $12.02 billion.