The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA; P.L. 111-5 ), which the President signed into law on February 17, 2009, provided $17.15 billion in supplemental FY2009 discretionary appropriations for biomedical research, public health, and other health-related programs within the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). ARRA also included new authorizing language to promote the widespread adoption of electronic health records and other health information technology (HIT), and established a federal interagency advisory panel to coordinate comparative effectiveness research. This report discusses the health-related programs and activities funded by ARRA and provides details on how the administering HHS agencies and offices are allocating and obligating the funds. ARRA funds were designated as emergency supplemental appropriations for FY2009. Unless otherwise specified in the law, the ARRA funds are to remain available for obligation through the end of FY2010 (i.e., September 30, 2010). Most of the health-related programs and activities for which ARRA provided supplemental funds also receive funding in annual appropriations acts through regular procedures. HHS FY2009 appropriations were included in the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 ( P.L. 111-8 ), which was signed into law on March 11, 2009. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010 ( P.L. 111-117 ), signed on December 16, 2009, included HHS appropriations for FY2010. For more information, see CRS Report RL34577, Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: FY2009 Appropriations ; and CRS Report R40730, Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education: Highlights of FY2010 Budget and Appropriations . Table 1 summarizes ARRA's discretionary health funding, by HHS agency and office. Figure 1 shows the percentage distribution of the ARRA funds, by HHS agency and office. Two additional tables that appear at the end of this report provide more details on the ARRA funding. Table 4 shows the ARRA health funding, by type of activity funded, and includes a comparison of the amounts provided in ARRA with the regular FY2009 and FY2010 appropriations and the FY2011 budget request. Table 5 shows the obligation of ARRA funds, by type of activity funding, for FY2009 and FY2010. As part of its efforts to ensure transparency and accountability in the use of ARRA funds, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) issued detailed government-wide guidance for implementing ARRA and established a website, "Recovery.gov," which allows the public to track ARRA spending. The guidance required each federal agency to establish a Recovery page on its existing website, linked to Recovery.gov, on which they must post all agency-specific information related to ARRA. In most cases, ARRA specified that the agency receiving funding had to submit an initial implementation plan before the funds could be obligated. Those plans are posted on the HHS Recovery Plans website. In addition, ARRA required that a report on the actual obligations, expenditures, and unobligated balances for each ARRA-funded activity be submitted by November 1, 2009, and each six months thereafter as long as funding remains available for obligation or expenditure. Each ARRA grant recipient is required to submit to the funding agency a quarterly report that includes the following information: (1) the total amount of ARRA funds received, (2) the amount of ARRA funds received that have been expended on projects and activities, and (3) details about the funded project or activity, including an estimate of the number of jobs created and the number of jobs retained by the project or activity. ARRA requires that the information submitted by grantees be posted on the funding agency's Recovery website. In addition to funding health-related programs and activities, ARRA included discretionary funds for human services programs administered by HHS. It provided $100 million to the Administration on Aging (AoA) for senior nutrition programs authorized under Title III of the Older Americans Act, and gave $5.15 billion to the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) for the Child Care and Development Block Grant, the Community Services Block Grant, and Head Start. For more information on those funds, see CRS Report RL33880, Older Americans Act: Funding ; and CRS Report R40211, Human Services Provisions of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act . Throughout this report, unless otherwise specified, all references to the Secretary refer to the HHS Secretary. ARRA provided $2 billion to the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) for grants to health centers authorized under section 330 of the Public Health Service (PHS) Act. Of this total, $1.5 billion is for the construction and renovation of health centers and the acquisition of HIT systems. The remaining $500 million is for operating grants to health centers to increase the number of underinsured and uninsured patients who receive health care services at these facilities. The implementation plan for ARRA funding of health center capital projects is available on the HHS Recovery Plans website. For more information on health centers, see CRS Report RL32046, Federal Health Centers Program . HRSA allocated the $1.5 billion for health center infrastructure as follows: $862.5 million for Capital Improvement Program (CIP) grants to support the construction, repair, and renovation of over 1,500 health center sites nationwide, including purchasing HIT and expanding the use of electronic health records (EHRs); $512.5 million for Facility Investment Program (FIP) grants to expand the capacity of health centers to provide primary and preventive health services; and $125 million for HIT systems/networks grants to support electronic health information exchange. Almost 60% of these funds were obligated in FY2009 (see Table 5 ). There is no regular appropriation for health center infrastructure. However, some health centers receive facilities and equipment funds in congressionally directed (i.e., earmarked) spending. Of the $500 million ARRA appropriation for health center operations, HRSA allocated $157 million for New Access Point (NAP) grants to support health centers' new service delivery sites, and $343 million for Increased Demand for Services (IDS) grants to increase health center staffing, extend hours of operations, and expand existing health care services. These funds, which were obligated in FY2009, supplemented the $2.2 billion provided for health centers in FY2009 through regular appropriations (see Table 4 and Table 5 ). HRSA awarded NAP competitive grants to establish 126 new health centers located in 39 states, Puerto Rico, and American Samoa. The award amounts range from $478,000 to $1,300,000. IDS grants were awarded to 1,128 federally qualified health centers in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. territories, based on a formula. The project period for all IDS grantees is limited to two years, from March 27, 2009, through March 26, 2011. The IDS funds are projected to create or retain approximately 6,400 jobs and provide care to an estimated additional 2.1 million patients, including 1 million uninsured people. ARRA provided $500 million to HRSA for health workforce programs authorized in the PHS Act. Of this total, $300 million is for the National Health Service Corps (NHSC) recruitment and field activities (PHS Act Title III), $75 million of which is to remain available through September 30, 2011. The remaining $200 million is for the health professions programs authorized in PHS Act Title VII (health professions education) and Title VIII (nursing workforce development). Some of these funds may also be used to develop interstate licensing agreements to promote telemedicine (PHS Act section 330L). The NHSC program provides scholarships and student loan repayments for medical students, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and others who agree to a period of service as a health care provider in a federally designated health professional shortage area (HPSA). NHSC clinicians may fulfill their service commitments in health centers, rural health clinics, public or nonprofit medical facilities, or within other community-based systems of care. ARRA stipulated that 80% of the NHSC funds be used for scholarships and loan repayments, and the remaining 20% for field operations, including recruitment, placements and assignments, and HPSA designations. In regular appropriations, the NHSC program received $135 million for FY2009 and $142 million for FY2010 (see Table 4 ). For more information, see CRS Report R40533, Health Care Workforce: National Health Service Corps . Health professions programs authorized under Title VII provide grants, scholarships and loans to students and professionals in medicine and allied health professions. Nursing workforce programs authorized under Title VIII provide similar types of assistance to nursing students and professionals. Of the $200 million ARRA appropriation for health workforce programs, $148.4 million has been allocated for programs that target medical and dental professionals in primary care, nurses, disadvantaged students, and others; $50 million is for equipment grants to enhance the training of health professionals; and $1.5 million has been applied toward the development of interstate licensure agreements that promote telemedicine. In regular appropriations, Title VII and Title VIII programs received a total of $392 million for FY2009 and $497 million for FY2010 (see Table 4 ). For more information, see CRS Report RS22438, Health Workforce Programs in the Public Health Service Act (PHSA): Appropriations History, FY2001-FY2010 . ARRA provided $10.0 billion directly to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for biomedical research and extramural research facilities, plus $400 million more through a transfer from AHRQ for comparative effectiveness research (discussed below).