The annual Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill includes funding for agencies and programs in three separate federal departments, as well as numerous related agencies and bureaus. It provides funding for Department of the Interior (DOI) agencies (except for the Bureau of Reclamation, funded in Energy and Water Development appropriations laws), many of which manage land and other natural resource or regulatory programs. The bill also provides funds for agencies in two other departments—the Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture, and the Indian Health Service (IHS) in the Department of Health and Human Services—as well as funds for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Further, the annual bill includes funding for arts and cultural agencies, such as the Smithsonian Institution, the National Endowment for the Arts, and the National Endowment for the Humanities, and for numerous other entities and agencies. Congress typically debates a variety of funding and policy issues when considering each year's appropriations legislation. These issues have included onshore and offshore energy development, wildland fire fighting, Indian trust fund management, royalty relief, climate change, DOI science programs, and wild horse and burro management. Other issues have included the appropriate funding levels for Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement and education; Indian Health Service construction and contract health services; wastewater/drinking water needs; the arts; land acquisition through the Land and Water Conservation Fund; and the Superfund program. In former years, the appropriations laws for Interior and Related Agencies provided funds for several activities within the Department of Energy (DOE), including research, development, and conservation programs; the Naval Petroleum Reserves; and the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. However, at the outset of the 109 th Congress, these DOE programs were transferred to the House and Senate Appropriations subcommittees covering energy and water, to consolidate jurisdiction over DOE. At the same time, jurisdiction over the EPA and several smaller entities was moved to the House and Senate Appropriations subcommittees covering Interior and Related Agencies. This change resulted from the abolition of the House and Senate Appropriations Subcommittees on Veterans Affairs, Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies, which previously had jurisdiction over EPA. Since FY2006, appropriations laws for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies have contained three primary titles. This report is organized along these lines. The first section (Title I) provides information on Interior agencies; the second section (Title II) discusses EPA; and the third section (Title III) addresses other agencies, programs, and entities. A fourth section of this report discusses selected cross-cutting topics that encompass more than one agency. Entries in this report are for major agencies (e.g., the National Park Service) and cross-cutting issues (e.g., wildland fire management) that receive funding in the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill. For each agency or issue, we discuss some of the key funding changes that appear to be of interest to Congress. We also address related policy issues that occur in the context of considering appropriations legislation. Appropriations are complex, and not all issues are summarized in this report. For example, budget submissions for some agencies number several hundred pages and contain innumerable funding, programmatic, and legislative changes for congressional consideration. Further, appropriations laws provide funds for numerous accounts, activities, and subactivities, and the accompanying explanatory statements provide additional directives and other important information. For information on programs funded in the bill but not directly discussed in this report, please contact the key policy staff members listed at the end of the report. In general, in this report the term appropriations represents total funds available, including regular annual and supplemental appropriations, as well as rescissions, transfers, and deferrals, but excludes mandatory budget authorities. The House Committee on Appropriations is the primary source of the funding figures used throughout the report. Other sources of information include the Senate Committee on Appropriations, agency budget justifications, and the Congressional Record. In the tables throughout this report, some columns of funding figures do not match the precise totals provided due to rounding. The FY2011 appropriation for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies was $29.67 billion, a reduction of $2.65 billion (8%) from the FY2010 level of $32.32 billion. The FY2011 funding was included in the Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act, 2011 (Division B, P.L. 112-10 ). The FY2011 enacted level was $2.76 billion (8%) lower than the Obama Administration's request ($32.43 billion). It was also $1.48 billion (5%) lower than the amount contained in Senate Amendment 149 ($31.15 billion) ─ a full-year continuing appropriations measure offered as an amendment to H.R. 1 . The Senate rejected both the amendment and H.R. 1 , the House-passed full-year continuing appropriations measure. The FY2011 enacted amount was an increase of $1.82 billion (7%) from the level approved by the House in H.R. 1 ($27.85 billion). While most of the major agencies funded by the FY2011 law received reduced appropriations relative to FY2010, a few received additional funding. Among the decreases for FY2011 from FY2010 appropriations were the following: $1.59 billion (15%) for the Environmental Protection Agency, $602.0 million (11%) for the Forest Service, $140.6 million (9%) for the Fish and Wildlife Service, and $127.2 million (5%) for the National Park Service. Among the increases were the following: $72.7 million (53%) for the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and Enforcement, and $25.0 million (0.6%) for the Indian Health Service. The Full-Year Continuing Appropriations Act provided funding for accounts in the bill through the end of the fiscal year (September 30, 2011), with many accounts funded at less than the FY2010 account level. The requirements, authorities, conditions, limitations, and other provisions of the FY2010 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations law ( P.L. 111-88 ) were continued for FY2011, except where the FY2011 law provided otherwise. The FY2011 law did not generally identify funding below the account level for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. Rather, it directed the agencies to submit plans for spending for activities and programs below the account level, to the Appropriations Committees, within 30 days of enactment. The law was enacted on April 15, 2011, making the plans due by May 15, 2011. The House and Senate Appropriations Subcommittees on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies held hearings on the FY2011 agency budget requests, and the House subcommittee held a markup. However, no regular appropriations bill to fund Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for FY2011 was enacted before the start of the fiscal year on October 1, 2010. Between September 30, 2010, and April 9, 2011, a series of seven laws was enacted to continue appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for relatively short periods, mostly at FY2010 account levels. Under these interim continuing appropriations laws, funding for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies was provided at FY2010 account levels, and under the terms and conditions contained in the FY2010 appropriations law, with exceptions. For instance, one of the interim continuing appropriations laws ( P.L. 111-322 ) had provided increased funding over FY2010 for the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation, and Enforcement (BOEMRE). To implement a reorganization of the BOEMRE, the law authorized the Secretary of the Interior to establish accounts, transfer funds among affected offices and bureaus, and take other administrative actions that conform with the reprogramming guidance of the appropriations committees. P.L. 111-322 also altered the distribution of revenues from geothermal leasing on federal lands to direct 25% of the funding to counties, as under P.L. 111-212 . Another of the continuing appropriations laws ( P.L. 112-4 ) had eliminated funding for the Smithsonian's Legacy Fund. Still another of the interim continuing appropriations laws ( P.L. 112-6 ) had made about two dozen changes to accounts for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies in FY2011, relative to FY2010. The changes were reductions below the FY2010 account levels, and affected several agencies: Bureau of Land Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, National Park Service, U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Insular Affairs, Environmental Protection Agency, and Forest Service. In addition, as mentioned above, on February 19, 2011, the House had passed H.R. 1 , a full-year (through September 30, 2011) continuing appropriations bill including funds for FY2011 for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. However, on March 9, 2011, the Senate defeated the bill. During its consideration of H.R. 1 , the Senate also considered an alternative full-year continuing funding measure, in the form of a Senate amendment ( S.Amdt. 149 ). The Senate did not agree to this amendment. Consequently, the Senate returned H.R. 1 to the calendar on March 9, 2011. On April 14, 2011, the House and Senate both passed a different full-year continuing appropriations measure ─ H.R. 1473 ─ which was signed into law on April 15, 2011, as P.L. 112-10 . Hereafter, references in this report to the House-passed bill refer to H.R. 1 and to the Senate amendment refer to Senate Amendment 149 to H.R. 1 .