snu-aidas/HVMap-dataset huggingface dataset:
Facebook and texting made me do it: Media-induced task-switching while studying

Electronic communication is emotionally gratifying, but how do such technological distractions impact academic learning? The current study observed 263 middle school, high school and university students studying for 15 min in their homes. Observers noted technologies present and computer windows open in the learning environment prior to studying plus a minute-by-minute assessment of on-task behavior, off-task technology use and open computer windows during studying. A questionnaire assessed study strategies, task-switching preference, technology attitudes, media usage, monthly texting and phone calling, social networking use and grade point average (GPA). Participants averaged less than six minutes on task prior to switching most often due to technological distractions including social media, texting and preference for task-switching. Having a positive attitude toward technology did not affect being on-task during studying. However, those who preferred to task-switch had more distracting technologies available and were more likely to be off-task than others. Also, those who accessed Facebook had lower GPAs than those who avoided it. Finally, students with relatively high use of study strategies were more likely to stay on-task than other students. The educational implications include allowing students short ‘‘technology breaks’’ to reduce distractions and teaching students metacognitive strategies regarding when interruptions negatively impact learning. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Investigating healthcare professionals' decisions to accept telemedicine technology: an empirical test of competing theories

The proliferation of information technology (IT) in supporting highly specialized tasks and services has made it increasingly important to understand the factors essential to technology acceptance by individuals. In a typical professional setting, the essential characteristics of user, technology, and context may differ considerably from those in ordinary business settings. This study examined physicians’ acceptance of telemedicine technology. Following a theory comparison approach, it evaluated the extent to which prevailing intention-based models, including the technology acceptance model (TAM), the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and an integrated model, could explain individual physicians’ technology acceptance decisions. Based on responses from more than 400 physicians, both models were evaluated in terms of overall fit, explanatory power, and their causal links. Overall, findings suggest that TAM may be more appropriate than TPB for examining technology acceptance by individual professionals and that the integrated model, although more fully depicting physicians’ technology acceptance, may not provide significant additional explanatory power. Also, instruments developed and repeatedly tested in prior studies involving conventional end-users and business managers may not be valid in professional settings. Several interesting implications are also discussed. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
AutoBrief: an experimental system for the automatic generation of briefings in integrated text and information graphics

This paper describes AutoBrief, an experimental intelligent multimedia presentation system that generates presentations in text and information graphics in the domain of transportation scheduling. Acting as an intelligent assistant, AutoBrief creates a presentation to communicate its analysis of alternative schedules. In addition, the multimedia presentation facilitates data exploration through its complex information visualizations and support for direct manipulation of presentation elements. AutoBrief’s research contributions include (1) a design enabling a new human–computer interaction style in which intelligent multimedia presentation objects (textual or graphic) can be used by the audience in direct manipulation operations for data exploration, (2) an application-independent approach to multimedia generation based on the representation of communicative goals suitable for both generation of text and of complex information graphics, and (3) an application-independent approach to intelligent graphic design based upon communicative goals. This retrospective overview paper, aimed at a multidisciplinary audience from the fields of human–computer ARTICLE IN PRESS *Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-336-2561133; fax: +1-336-3345949. E-mail addresses: nlgreen@uncg.edu (N.L. Green), carenini@cs.ubc.ca (G. Carenini), kerpedjiev@maya.com (S. Kerpedjiev), mattis@mayaviz.com (J. Mattis), j.moore@ed.ac.uk (J.D. Moore), roth+@cs.cmu.edu (S.F. Roth). 1071-5819/$ see front matter r 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2003.10.007 interaction and natural language generation, presents AutoBrief’s design and design rationale. r 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Why do we trust new technology? A study of initial trust formation with organizational information systems

Recent trust research in the information systems (IS) field has described trust as a primary predictor of technology usage and a fundamental construct for understanding user perceptions of technology. Initial trust formation is particularly relevant in an IS context, as users must overcome perceptions of risk and uncertainty before using a novel technology. With initial trust in a more complex, organizational information system, there are a number of external determinants, trusting bases, that may explain trust formation and provide organizations with the needed levers to form or change individuals’ initial trust in technology. In this study, a research model of initial trust formation is developed and includes trusting bases, trusting beliefs, trusting attitude and subjective norm, and trusting intentions. Eight trusting base factors are assessed including personality, cognitive, calculative, and both technology and organizational factors of the institutional base. The model is empirically tested with 443 subjects in the context of initial trust in a national identity system (NID). The proposed model was supported and the results indicate that subjective norm and the cognitive–reputation, calculative, and organizational situational normality base factors significantly influence initial trusting beliefs and other downstream trust constructs. Factors from some of the more commonly investigated bases, personality and technology institutional, did not significantly affect trusting beliefs. The findings have strategic implications for agencies implementing e-government systems and organizational information systems in general. Published by Elsevier B.V.
The tear trough and lid/cheek junction: anatomy and implications for surgical correction.

BACKGROUND
The tear trough and the lid/cheek junction become more visible with age. These landmarks are adjacent, forming in some patients a continuous indentation or groove below the infraorbital rim. Numerous, often conflicting procedures have been described to improve the appearance of the region. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anatomy underlying the tear trough and the lid/cheek junction and to evaluate the procedures designed to correct them.


METHODS
Twelve fresh cadaver lower lid and midface dissections were performed (six heads). The orbital regions were dissected in layers, and medical photography was performed.


RESULTS
In the subcutaneous plane, the tear trough and lid/cheek junction overlie the junction of the palpebral and orbital portions of the orbicularis oculi muscle and the cephalic border of the malar fat pad. In the submuscular plane, these landmarks differ. Along the tear trough, the orbicularis muscle is attached directly to the bone. Along the lid/cheek junction, the attachment is ligamentous by means of the orbicularis retaining ligament.


CONCLUSIONS
The tear trough and lid/cheek junction are primarily explained by superficial (subcutaneous) anatomical features. Atrophy of skin and fat is the most likely explanation for age-related visibility of these landmarks. "Descent" of this region with age is unlikely (the structures are fixed to bone). Bulging orbital fat accentuates these landmarks. Interventions must extend significantly below the infraorbital rim. Fat or synthetic filler may be best placed in the intraorbicularis plane (tear trough) and in the suborbicularis plane (lid/cheek junction).
Crafting Integrated Multichannel Retailing Strategies

Multichannel retailing is the set of activities involved in selling merchandise or services to consumers through more than one channel. Multichannel retailers dominate today's retail landscape. While there are many benefits of operating multiple channels, these retailers also face many challenges. In this article, we discuss the key issues concerning multichannel retailing, including the motivations and constraints of going multichannel, the challenges of crafting multichannel retailing strategies and opportunities for creating synergies across channels, key retail mix decisions facing multichannel retailers, and the dynamics of multichannel retailing. We synthesize current knowledge drawn from the academic literature and industry practice, and discuss potential directions for future research. © 2010 Direct Marketing Educational Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Wire Speed Name Lookup: A GPU-based Approach

This paper studies the name lookup issue with longest prefix matching, which is widely used in URL filtering, content routing/switching, etc. Recently Content-Centric Networking (CCN) has been proposed as a clean slate future Internet architecture to naturally fit the contentcentric property of today’s Internet usage: instead of addressing end hosts, the Internet should operate based on the identity/name of contents. A core challenge and enabling technique in implementing CCN is exactly to perform name lookup for packet forwarding at wire speed. In CCN, routing tables can be orders of magnitude larger than current IP routing tables, and content names are much longer and more complex than IP addresses. In pursuit of conquering this challenge, we conduct an implementation-based case study on wire speed name lookup, exploiting GPU’s massive parallel processing power. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our GPU-based name lookup engine can achieve 63.52M searches per second lookup throughput on large-scale name tables containing millions of name entries with a strict constraint of no more than the telecommunication level 100μs per-packet lookup latency. Our solution can be applied to contexts beyond CCN, such as search engines, content filtering, and intrusion prevention/detection. c ⃝Prof. Qunfeng Dong (qunfeng.dong@gmail.com) and Prof. Bin Liu (lmyujie@gmail.com), placed in alphabetic order, are the correspondence authors of the paper. Yi Wang and Yuan Zu, placed in alphabetic order, are the lead student authors of Tsinghua University and University of Science and Technology of China, respectively. This paper is supported by 863 project (2013AA013502), NSFC (61073171, 61073184), Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(20121080068), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20100002110051), the Ministry of Education (MOE) Program for New Century Excellent Talents (NCET) in University, the Science and Technological Fund of Anhui Province for Outstanding Youth (10040606Y05), by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (WK0110000007, WK0110000019), and Jiangsu Provincial Science Foundation (BK2011360).
Development and Use of a Gold-Standard Data Set for Subjectivity Classifications

This paper presents a case study of analyzing and improving intercoder reliability in discourse tagging using statistical techniques. Bias-corrected tags are formulated and successfully used to guide a revision of the coding manual and develop an automatic classifier. 1 Introduction This paper presents a case study of analyzing and improving intercoder reliability in discourse tagging using the statistical techniques presented in (Bruce and Wiebe, 1998; Bruce and Wiebe, to appear). Our approach is data driven: we refine our understanding and presentation of the classification scheme guided by the results of the intercoder analysis. We also present the results of a probabilistic classifier developed on the resulting annotations. Much research in discourse processing has focused on task-oriented and instructional dialogs. The task addressed here comes to the fore in other genres, especially news reporting. The task is to distinguish sentences used to objectively present factual information from sentences used to present opinions and evaluations. There are many applications for which this distinction promises to be important, including text categorization and summarization. This research takes a large step toward developing a reliably annotated gold standard to support experimenting with such applications. This research is also a case study of analyzing and improving manual tagging that is applicable to any tagging task. We perform a statistical analysis that provides information that complements the information provided by
Suicide rates among physicians: a quantitative and gender assessment (meta-analysis).

OBJECTIVE
Physicians' suicide rates have repeatedly been reported to be higher than those of the general population or other academics, but uncertainty remains. In this study, physicians' suicide rate ratios were estimated with a meta-analysis and systematic quality assessment of recent studies.


METHOD
Studies of physicians' suicide rates were located in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, AARP Ageline, and the EBM Reviews: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews with the terms "physicians," "doctors," "suicide," and "mortality." Studies were included if they were published in or after 1960 and gave estimates of age-standardized suicide rates of physicians and their reference population or reported extractable data on physicians' suicide; 25 studies met the criteria. Reviewers extracted data and scored each study for quality. The studies were tested for heterogeneity and publication bias and were stratified by publication year, follow-up, and study quality. Effect sizes were pooled by using fixed-effects (women) and random-effects (men) models.


RESULTS
The aggregate suicide rate ratio for male physicians, compared to the general population, was 1.41, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.21-1.65. For female physicians the ratio was 2.27 (95% CI=1.90-2.73). Visual inspection of funnel plots from tests of publication bias revealed randomness for men but some indication of bias for women, with a relative, nonsignificant lack of studies in the lower right quadrant.


CONCLUSIONS
Studies on physicians' suicide collectively show modestly (men) to highly (women) elevated suicide rate ratios. Larger studies should help clarify whether female physicians' suicide rate is truly elevated or can be explained by publication bias.
CBSE as Novel Approach for IDS

This paper gives a new approach called Component based software engineering for designing an intrusion detection system. This paper also tells that before this component based software approach, other traditional approaches were used for designing intrusion detection system. But due to various drawbacks we proposed this component based approach for intrusion detection system. A comparison table is also illustrated in this paper on the basis of class diagram designed using UML language in a simulated environment. This comparison table will illustrate main difference between the traditional and component based approach and also shows that which parameters make this approach a better approach. Keywords—Component based software engineering, intrusion detection system, Classes etc.
Enterprise-wide Optimization : A New Frontier in Process Systems Engineering

Enterprise-wide optimization (EWO) is a new emerging area that lies at the interface of chemical engineering and operations research, and has become a major goal in the process industries due to the increasing pressures for remaining competitive in the global marketplace. EWO involves optimizing the operations of supply, manufacturing and distribution activities of a company to reduce costs and inventories. A major focus in EWO is the optimal operation of manufacturing facilities, which often requires the use of nonlinear process models. Major operational items include planning, scheduling, realtime optimization and inventory control. One of the key features of EWO is integration of the information and the decision-making among the various functions that comprise the supply chain of the company. This can be achieved with modern IT tools, which together with the internet, have promoted e-commerce. However, as will be discussed, to fully realize the potential of transactional IT tools, the development of sophisticated deterministic and stochastic linear/nonlinear optimization models and algorithms (analytical IT tools) is needed to explore and analyze alternatives of the supply chain to yield overall optimum economic performance, as well as high levels of customer satisfaction. An additional challenge is the integrated and coordinated decision-making across the various functions in a company (purchasing, manufacturing, distribution, sales), across various geographically distributed organizations (vendors, facilities and markets), and across various levels of decision-making (strategic, tactical and operational). © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 1846–1857, 2005
Forecasting stock market movement direction with support vector machine

Support vector machine (SVM) is a very speci1c type of learning algorithms characterized by the capacity control of the decision function, the use of the kernel functions and the sparsity of the solution. In this paper, we investigate the predictability of 1nancial movement direction with SVM by forecasting the weekly movement direction of NIKKEI 225 index. To evaluate the forecasting ability of SVM, we compare its performance with those of Linear Discriminant Analysis, Quadratic Discriminant Analysis and Elman Backpropagation Neural Networks. The experiment results show that SVM outperforms the other classi1cation methods. Further, we propose a combining model by integrating SVM with the other classi1cation methods. The combining model performs best among all the forecasting methods. ? 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Two-Dimensional Materials for Sensing : Graphene and Beyond

Two-dimensional materials have attracted great scientific attention due to their unusual and fascinating properties for use in electronics, spintronics, photovoltaics, medicine, composites, etc. Graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2, phosphorene, etc., which belong to the family of two-dimensional materials, have shown great promise for gas sensing applications due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, low noise and sensitivity of electronic properties to the changes in the surroundings. Two-dimensional nanostructured semiconducting metal oxide based gas sensors have also been recognized as successful gas detection devices. This review aims to provide the latest advancements in the field of gas sensors based on various two-dimensional materials with the main focus on sensor performance metrics such as sensitivity, specificity, detection limit, response time, and reversibility. Both experimental and theoretical studies on the gas sensing properties of graphene and other two-dimensional materials beyond graphene are also discussed. The article concludes with the current challenges and future prospects for two-dimensional materials in gas sensor applications. OPEN ACCESS Electronics 2015, 4 652
"No-Touch" Technique for Lip Enhancement.

BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to examine the anatomical principles of lip structure as they relate to individualized lip enhancement procedures and to describe a technique that does not violate lip mucosa during injection.


METHODS
A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing lip enhancement procedures between 2001 and 2014 was performed. Preprocedural and postprocedural photographs were analyzed for lip subunit changes. A stepwise treatment algorithm targeting specific anatomical subunits of lip is described.


RESULTS
Four hundred ten patients were treated with a "no-touch" technique for lip enhancement. Lip profile is determined by the position of the white roll. The white roll is accessed by a 30-gauge needle at a point 5 mm lateral to the oral commissure and at the base of the philtral columns. Lip projection is established by vermilion formation contributing to the arc of the Cupid's bow. To improve projection, the labial commissure is entered with a 25-gauge cannula and tunneled into the submucosal space between the white and red rolls. Lip augmentation is a direct reflection of the prominence of the red line and can be approached in a perpendicular fashion with a needle or cannula descending to the level of the wet-dry junction.


CONCLUSIONS
Accurate assessment of the white and red rolls, arc of Cupid's bow, philtrum, and gingival show can guide the injector on the proper enhancement that individual patients require. The no-touch technique minimizes mucosal trauma. Tailoring treatment toward lip profile, projection, and/or augmentation can yield predictable and reproducible outcomes in this commonly performed cosmetic procedure.
Vision-based bicycle detection and tracking using a deformable part model and an EKF algorithm

Bicycles that share the road with intelligent vehicles present particular challenges for automated perception systems. Bicycle detection is important because bicycles share the road with vehicles and can move at comparable speeds in urban environments. From a computer vision standpoint, bicycle detection is challenging as bicycle's appearance can change dramatically between viewpoints and a person riding on the bicycle is a non-rigid object. In this paper, we present a vision-based framework to detect and track bicycles that takes into account these issues. A mixture model of multiple viewpoints is defined and trained via a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to detect bicycles under a variety of circumstances. Each component of the model uses a part-based representation and known geometric context is used to improve overall detection efficiency. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to estimate the position and velocity of the bicycle in vehicle coordinates. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach through a series of experiments run on video data of moving bicycles captured from a vehicle-mounted camera
Spatial Attention Deep Net with Partial PSO for Hierarchical Hybrid Hand Pose Estimation

[3] Sharp, T., Keskin, C., Robertson, D., Taylor, J., Shotton, J., Leichter, D.K.C.R.I., Wei, A.V.Y., Krupka, D.F.P.K.E., Fitzgibbon, A., Izadi, S.: Accurate, robust, and flexible real-time hand tracking. In: CHI (2015) [4] Oberweger, M., Wohlhart, P., Lepetit, V.: Training a feedback loop for hand pose estimation. In: ICCV (2015) [18] Oberweger, M., Wohlhart, P., Lepetit, V.: Hands deep in deep learning for hand pose estimation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.06807 (2015) [19] Tang, D., Taylor, J., Kohli, P., Keskin, C., Kim, T.K., Shotton, J.: Opening the black box: Hierarchical sampling optimization for estimating human hand pose. In: ICCV (2015) * Indicates equal contribution. Results T θ