snu-aidas/HVMap-dataset huggingface dataset:
Clinical and radiological pictures of two newborn babies with manifestations of chondrodysplasia punctata and review of available literature

BACKGROUND
Chondrodysplasia punctata (CDP) is a rare, heterogeneous congenital skeletal dysplasia, characterized by punctate or dot-like calcium deposits in cartilage observed on neonatal radiograms. A number of inborn metabolic diseases are associated with CDP, including peroxisomal and cholesterol biosynthesis dysfunction and other inborn errors of metabolism such as: mucolipidosis type II, mucopolysacharidosis type III, GM1 gangliosidosis. CDP is also related to disruption of vitamin K-dependent metabolism, causing secondary effects on the embryo, as well as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), chromosomal abnormalities that include trisomies 18 and 21, Turner syndrome.


CASE REPORT
This article presents clinical data and diagnostic imaging findings of two newborn babies with chondrodysplasia punctata. Children presented with skeletal and cartilage anomalies, dysmorphic facial feature, muscles tone abnormalities, skin changes and breathing difficulties. One of the patients demonstrated critical stenosis of spinal canal with anterior subluxation of C1 vertebra relative to C2. The aim of this article is to present cases and briefly describe current knowledge on etiopathogenesis as well as radiological and clinical symptoms of diseases coexisting with CDP.


CONCLUSIONS
Radiological diagnostic imaging allows for visualization of punctate focal mineralization in bone epiphyses during neonatal age and infancy. Determining the etiology of chondrodysplasia punctata requires performing various basic as well as additional examinations, including genetic studies.
Skin Segmentation Using YCBCR and RGB Color Models

Face detection is one of the challenging problems in image processing. This report proposes a novel technique for detecting faces in color images using skin color model algorithm combined with skin likely-hood, skin Segmentation, Morphological operation and Template matching. Color images with skin color in the chromatic and pure color space YCrCb, which separates luminance and chrominance components. A Gaussian probability density is estimated from skin samples, collected from different ethnic groups, via the maximum-likelihood criterion. Adaptive thresholding for segmentation to localize the faces within the detected skin regions. Further, mathematical morphological operators are used to remove noisy regions and fill holes in the skin-color region, so that candidate human face regions can be extracted. These systems can achieve high detection accuracy, high detection speed and reduce the false detecting rate. The two methodology used for the Skin Segmentation is YCbCr and RGB Model. In YCbCr model both the skin colour and texture of the image can be used to identify the particular object in the image,where as in RGB model only the skin color has to be used for identification of the person.Hence the YCbCr model is better than the RGB model . From our analysis we conclude that the new approach in modeling skin color can achieve good detection success rate. The algorithm gives computationally a very efficient as well as an accurate approach for skin detection. The performance of different color space may be dependent on the method used to model the color for skin pixel. Keywords—Gaussian probability, YCrCb,RGB Model
Mass-media coverage , its influence on public awareness of climate-change issues , and implications for Japan ’ s national campaign to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

We analyse Japanese newspaper coverage of global warming from January 1998 to July 2007 and how public opinion during parts of that period were influenced by newspaper coverage. We show that a dramatic increase in newspaper coverage of global warming from January 2007 correlated with an increase in public concern for the issue. Before January 2007, we find that coverage of global warming had an immediate but short-term influence on public concern. With such transitory high levels of media coverage we suggest that for more effective communication of climate change, strategies aimed at maintaining mass-media coverage of global warming are required. 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Enabling internet banking adoption: An empirical examination with an augmented technology acceptance model (TAM)

Purpose – The integration of relevant antecedents into TAM would lead to better understanding of the decision factors which act as enablers for the adoption of internet banking. The purpose of the paper is to determine the influence of the antecedents subjective norm, image, banks initiative, internet banking self-efficacy, internet usage efficacy, trust, perceived risk, trialability and government support on the existing constructs of the technology acceptance model (TAM) and to test measurement invariance and the moderating effect of the demographic variables on the relationship between the latent constructs used in this augmented TAM. Design/methodology/approach – A survey questionnaire was administered on internet banking users and a total of 300 responses were collected. A two-step approach suggested by Hair et al. (2006) and Schumacker and Lomax (2004) was used in this study. The proposed model was assessed using the confirmatory factor analysis approach. The structural model was then tested in order to establish nomological validity. The data based on four demographic dimensions gender, age, income, education were divided into two groups for each of these demographic dimensions. The invariance test was first performed on the measurement model and then on the structural model. The measurement model and structural model were subjected to tests of equivalence of parameters across groups. Findings – To a large extent the results of the study supports the proposed model and thereby contributes to understand the influence of subjective norm, image, banks initiative, internet banking self-efficacy, internet usage efficacy, trust, perceived risk and government support on internet banking adoption. The predictor variables in the augmented TAM were able to explain 29.9 per cent of the variance in the actual usage of internet banking as compared to the TAM which was able to explain only 26.5 per cent variance in the actual usage of internet banking. A significant difference in the relationship between the different constructs of the model was observed when the model was subjected to multi-group invariance testing. Research limitations/implications – The study suffers from the same limitations as most other studies involving TAM. In this study self-reported measures about the usage were taken as the actual usage. The findings of the study can be of use to marketers for target-specific marketing by customizing the marketing campaign focussing on the factors that were found to be strong influencers leading to the usage of internet banking for each target audience. Originality/value – The main challenge in this study was to develop the conceptual model for the internet banking adoption by extending the TAM and to get a robust theoretical support from the extant literature for the relevant factors along with their relationship to uncover new insights about factors responsible for the internet banking adoption. The augmented model had an improved predictive capability and explanatory utility.
Temporal and Real-Time Databases: A Survey

• a short biography of John Doe. – born on April 3rd, 1975 in Smallville. His birth was registered on April 4th, 1975. – He went to live on his own in Bigtown. Although he moved out on August 26th, 1994, he forgot to register the change of address officially. – He updated his record on December 27, 1994. – John Doe was accidentally hit by a truck on April 1st, 2001. The coroner reported his date of death on the next day.
The effect of glycolic acid on the treatment of acne in Asian skin.

BACKGROUND
Glycolic acid has become important and popular for treating acne.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of serial glycolic acid peels with glycolic acid home care products on facial acne lesions and other associated skin problems.


METHODS
We collected 40 Asian candidates with moderate to moderately severe acne. They were divided into two groups according to the degree of greasiness of their facial skin. The two groups' members were treated with four series of 35% and 50% glycolic acid peels, respectively. They also used 15% glycolic acid home care products during this study period. The improvement of acne as well as other associated problems were assessed by both the physicians and the patient themselves.


RESULTS
Significant resolution of comedones, papules, and pustules was found. The skin texture of each candidate was dramatically rejuvenated. Consistent and repetitive treatment with glycolic acid was needed for the apparent improvement of acne scars and cystic lesions. The follicular pores also became comparatively smaller. Furthermore, most of the candidates had much brighter and lighter looking skin. Only small percentage of patients (5.6%) developed side effects.


CONCLUSION
Glycolic acid has considerable therapeutic value for acne with minimal side effects even in Asian skin. It may be an ideal adjunctive treatment of acne.
A Study of Various Feature Extraction Methods on a Motor Imagery Based Brain Computer Interface System

INTRODUCTION
Brain Computer Interface (BCI) systems based on Movement Imagination (MI) are widely used in recent decades. Separate feature extraction methods are employed in the MI data sets and classified in Virtual Reality (VR) environments for real-time applications.


METHODS
This study applied wide variety of features on the recorded data using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) classifier to select the best feature sets in the offline mode. The data set was recorded in 3-class tasks of the left hand, the right hand, and the foot motor imagery.


RESULTS
The experimental results showed that Auto-Regressive (AR), Mean Absolute Value (MAV), and Band Power (BP) features have higher accuracy values,75% more than those for the other features.


DISCUSSION
These features were selected for the designed real-time navigation. The corresponding results revealed the subject-specific nature of the MI-based BCI system; however, the Power Spectral Density (PSD) based α-BP feature had the highest averaged accuracy.
Keeping up to date: An academic researcher's information journey

Keeping up to date with research developments is a central activity of academic researchers, but researchers face difficulties in managing the rapid growth of available scientific information. This study examined how researchers stay up to date, using the information journey model as a framework for analysis and investigating which dimensions influence information behaviors. We designed a 2-round study involving semistructured interviews and prototype testing with 61 researchers with 3 levels of seniority (PhD student to professor). Data were analyzed following a semistructured qualitative approach. Five key dimensions that influence information behaviors were identified: level of seniority, information sources, state of the project, level of familiarity, and how well defined the relevant community is. These dimensions are interrelated and their values determine the flow of the information journey. Across all levels of professional expertise, researchers used similar hard (formal) sources to access content, while soft (interpersonal) sources were used to filter information. An important “pain point” that future information tools should address is helping researchers filter information at the point of need. Introduction
Complete mesocolic excision with central vascular ligation produces an oncologically superior specimen compared with standard surgery for carcinoma of the colon.

PURPOSE
The plane of surgery in colonic cancer has been linked to patient outcome although the optimal extent of mesenteric resection is still unclear. Surgeons in Erlangen, Germany, routinely perform complete mesocolic excision (CME) with central vascular ligation (CVL) and report 5-year survivals of higher than 89%. We aimed to further investigate the importance of CME and CVL surgery for colonic cancer by comparison with a series of standard specimens.


METHODS
The fresh photographs of 49 CME and CVL specimens from Erlangen and 40 standard specimens from Leeds, United Kingdom, for primary colonic adenocarcinoma were collected. Precise tissue morphometry and grading of the plane of surgery were performed before comparison to histopathologic variables.


RESULTS
CME and CVL surgery removed more tissue compared with standard surgery in terms of the distance between the tumor and the high vascular tie (median, 131 v 90 mm; P < .0001), the length of large bowel (median, 314 v 206 mm; P < .0001), and ileum removed (median, 83 v 63 mm; P = .003), and the area of mesentery (19,657 v 11,829 mm(2); P < .0001). In addition, CME and CVL surgery was associated with more mesocolic plane resections (92% v 40%; P < .0001) and a greater lymph node yield (median, 30 v 18; P < .0001).


CONCLUSION
Surgeons in Erlangen routinely practicing CME and CVL surgery remove more mesocolon and are more likely to resect in the mesocolic plane when compared with standard excisions. This, along with the associated greater lymph node yield, may partially explain the high 5-year survival rates reported in Erlangen.
Explaining the Poor Performance of Consumption-Based Asset Pricing Models

The poor performance of consumption-based asset pricing models relative to traditional portfoliobased asset pricing models is one of the great disappointments of the empirical asset pricing literature. We show that the external habit-formation model economy of Campbell and Cochrane (1999) can explain this puzzle. Though artificial data from that economy conform to a consumption-based model by construction, the CAPM and its extensions are much better approximate models than is the standard power utility specification of the consumption-based model. Conditioning information is the central reason for this result. The model economy has one shock, so when returns are measured at sufficiently high frequency the consumption-based model and the CAPM are equivalent and perfect conditional asset pricing models. However, the model economy also produces time-varying expected returns, tracked by the dividend-price ratio. Portfolio-based models capture some of this variation in state variables, which a state-independent function of consumption cannot capture, and so portfolio-based models are better approximate unconditional asset pricing models. John Y. Campbell John H. Cochrane Department of Economics Graduate School of Business Harvard University University of Chicago Littauer Center 213 1101 E. 58th. St. Cambridge, MA 02138 Chicago, IL 60637 and NBER and NBER john_campbell@harvard.edu john.cochrane@gsb.uchicago.edu
Understanding Latency Variation in Modern DRAM Chips: Experimental Characterization, Analysis, and Optimization

Long DRAM latency is a critical performance bottleneck in current systems. DRAM access latency is defined by three fundamental operations that take place within the DRAM cell array: (i) activation of a memory row, which opens the row to perform accesses; (ii) precharge, which prepares the cell array for the next memory access; and (iii) restoration of the row, which restores the values of cells in the row that were destroyed due to activation. There is significant latency variation for each of these operations across the cells of a single DRAM chip due to irregularity in the manufacturing process. As a result, some cells are inherently faster to access, while others are inherently slower. Unfortunately, existing systems do not exploit this variation.  The goal of this work is to (i) experimentally characterize and understand the latency variation across cells within a DRAM chip for these three fundamental DRAM operations, and (ii) develop new mechanisms that exploit our understanding of the latency variation to reliably improve performance. To this end, we comprehensively characterize 240 DRAM chips from three major vendors, and make several new observations about latency variation within DRAM. We find that (i) there is large latency variation across the cells for each of the three operations; (ii) variation characteristics exhibit significant spatial locality: slower cells are clustered in certain regions of a DRAM chip; and (iii) the three fundamental operations exhibit different reliability characteristics when the latency of each operation is reduced.  Based on our observations, we propose Flexible-LatencY DRAM (FLY-DRAM), a mechanism that exploits latency variation across DRAM cells within a DRAM chip to improve system performance. The key idea of FLY-DRAM is to exploit the spatial locality of slower cells within DRAM, and access the faster DRAM regions with reduced latencies for the fundamental operations. Our evaluations show that FLY-DRAM improves the performance of a wide range of applications by 13.3%, 17.6%, and 19.5%, on average, for each of the three different vendors' real DRAM chips, in a simulated 8-core system. We conclude that the experimental characterization and analysis of latency variation within modern DRAM, provided by this work, can lead to new techniques that improve DRAM and system performance.
Detecting A Continuum Of Compositionality In Phrasal Verbs
Out-of-domain FrameNet Semantic Role Labeling

Domain dependence of NLP systems is one of the major obstacles to their application in large-scale text analysis, also restricting the applicability of FrameNet semantic role labeling (SRL) systems. Yet, current FrameNet SRL systems are still only evaluated on a single in-domain test set. For the first time, we study the domain dependence of FrameNet SRL on a wide range of benchmark sets. We create a novel test set for FrameNet SRL based on user-generated web text and find that the major bottleneck for out-of-domain FrameNet SRL is the frame identification step. To address this problem, we develop a simple, yet efficient system based on distributed word representations. Our system closely approaches the state-of-the-art in-domain while outperforming the best available frame identification system out-of-domain. We publish our system and test data for research purposes.1
A signal processing approach to fair surface design

In this paper we describe a new tool for interactive free-form fair surface design. By generalizing classical discrete Fourier analysis to two-dimensional discrete surface signals – functions defined on polyhedral surfaces of arbitrary topology –, we reduce the problem of surface smoothing, or fairing, to low-pass filtering. We describe a very simple surface signal low-pass filter algorithm that applies to surfaces of arbitrary topology. As opposed to other existing optimization-based fairing methods, which are computationally more expensive, this is a linear time and space complexity algorithm. With this algorithm, fairing very large surfaces, such as those obtained from volumetric medical data, becomes affordable. By combining this algorithm with surface subdivision methods we obtain a very effective fair surface design technique. We then extend the analysis, and modify the algorithm accordingly, to accommodate different types of constraints. Some constraints can be imposed without any modification of the algorithm, while others require the solution of a small associated linear system of equations. In particular, vertex location constraints, vertex normal constraints, and surface normal discontinuities across curves embedded in the surface, can be imposed with this technique. CR
Bus detection device for the blind using RFID application

This paper outlines a bus detection mechanism for the blind in travelling from one place to another. In order to get transportation independently, the blind use auditory touched clues like walking stick or white cane. The limitation of the walking stick is that a blind person must come into close proximity with their surroundings to determine the location of an obstacle. For that basis, various devices have been developed such as the Sonicguide, the Mowat sensor, the Laser cane and the Navbelt [4]. However, these device can only assist the blind at a pedestrian crossing. Therefore, the project is aims to develop a bus detection prototype using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) for the blind. The paper covers brief idea about the blind and RFID system, review relevant papers and summary of current research. The review of RFID system compare between families of auto-ID technology, the basic principle of RFID, the type of RFID tagging and the antenna characteristic. The summary of current research discussed about the development of prototype, the database system, the output mechanism and integration between hardware and software. Database management will provided. The information such as bus route, final destination and bus number are also provided. This paper also describes the future work intended to be done.
System Dynamics: Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Mechatronic Systems

If your wanted solutions manual ins't on this list, also can ask me if _ is available. Theory of Applied Robotics: Kinematics, Dynamics and Control (Reza N. _ Jazar) System Dynamics: Modeling and Simulation of Mechatronic Systems (4th _. Solution Manual Dynamics of Mechanical Systems (C.T.F. Ross) Solution Manual Thermodynamics : An Integrated Learning System (Schmidt, Ezekoye, System Dynamics : Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Mechatronic Systems (5th.
Literary Fiction Improves Theory of Mind
HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication

This memo provides information for the Internet community. This memo does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document describes HMAC, a mechanism for message authentication using cryptographic hash functions. HMAC can be used with any iterative cryptographic hash function, e.g., MD5, SHA-1, in combination with a secret shared key. The cryptographic strength of HMAC depends on the properties of the underlying hash function.