snu-aidas/HVMap-dataset huggingface dataset:
A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity.

BACKGROUND
Despite the popularity of the low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat (Atkins) diet, no randomized, controlled trials have evaluated its efficacy.


METHODS
We conducted a one-year, multicenter, controlled trial involving 63 obese men and women who were randomly assigned to either a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat diet or a low-calorie, high-carbohydrate, low-fat (conventional) diet. Professional contact was minimal to replicate the approach used by most dieters.


RESULTS
Subjects on the low-carbohydrate diet had lost more weight than subjects on the conventional diet at 3 months (mean [+/-SD], -6.8+/-5.0 vs. -2.7+/-3.7 percent of body weight; P=0.001) and 6 months (-7.0+/-6.5 vs. -3.2+/-5.6 percent of body weight, P=0.02), but the difference at 12 months was not significant (-4.4+/-6.7 vs. -2.5+/-6.3 percent of body weight, P=0.26). After three months, no significant differences were found between the groups in total or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. The increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and the decrease in triglyceride concentrations were greater among subjects on the low-carbohydrate diet than among those on the conventional diet throughout most of the study. Both diets significantly decreased diastolic blood pressure and the insulin response to an oral glucose load.


CONCLUSIONS
The low-carbohydrate diet produced a greater weight loss (absolute difference, approximately 4 percent) than did the conventional diet for the first six months, but the differences were not significant at one year. The low-carbohydrate diet was associated with a greater improvement in some risk factors for coronary heart disease. Adherence was poor and attrition was high in both groups. Longer and larger studies are required to determine the long-term safety and efficacy of low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat diets.
Community detection algorithms: a comparative analysis.

Uncovering the community structure exhibited by real networks is a crucial step toward an understanding of complex systems that goes beyond the local organization of their constituents. Many algorithms have been proposed so far, but none of them has been subjected to strict tests to evaluate their performance. Most of the sporadic tests performed so far involved small networks with known community structure and/or artificial graphs with a simplified structure, which is very uncommon in real systems. Here we test several methods against a recently introduced class of benchmark graphs, with heterogeneous distributions of degree and community size. The methods are also tested against the benchmark by Girvan and Newman [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 7821 (2002)] and on random graphs. As a result of our analysis, three recent algorithms introduced by Rosvall and Bergstrom [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 7327 (2007); Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 1118 (2008)], Blondel [J. Stat. Mech.: Theory Exp. (2008), P10008], and Ronhovde and Nussinov [Phys. Rev. E 80, 016109 (2009)] have an excellent performance, with the additional advantage of low computational complexity, which enables one to analyze large systems.
Blood Code: The History and Future of Video Game Censorship

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 571 I. FIRST AMENDMENT BACKGROUND ....................................... 573 II. THE ANALOGOUS HISTORIES OF FILMS AND VIDEO GAMES ....................................................................................... 576 A. Film Controversy and the Formation of the MPAA ................ 576 B. Early Video Game Controversy and the Formation of the ESRB ................................................................................... 580 C. Doom and Columbine ........................................................... 584 D. Jack Thompson and Grand Theft Auto ................................... 586 III. WHY VIDEO GAMES SHOULD NOT BE TREATED DIFFERENTLY THAN FILMS .................................................... 593 A. Violent and Sexual Content in Video Games is Distinguishable from Pornography and Obscenity. .................. 594 B. Violent Game Content is Similar to Violent Film Content. ..... 596 C. Positive Social Aspects of Violent Gaming............................... 597 D. Desensitization Will Lead to a Decrease in Political Outrage. ............................................................................... 604 IV. EXISTING VIDEO GAME JURISPRUDENCE .............................. 605 V. RATINGS AND LABELS AS UNCONSTITUTIONAL CENSORSHIP.............................................................................. 607 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................... 609
Security Issues in the Internet of Things ( IoT ) : A Comprehensive Study

Wireless communication networks are highly prone to security threats. The major applications of wireless communication networks are in military, business, healthcare, retail, and transportations. These systems use wired, cellular, or adhoc networks. Wireless sensor networks, actuator networks, and vehicular networks have received a great attention in society and industry. In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has received considerable research attention. The IoT is considered as future of the internet. In future, IoT will play a vital role and will change our living styles, standards, as well as business models. The usage of IoT in different applications is expected to rise rapidly in the coming years. The IoT allows billions of devices, peoples, and services to connect with others and exchange information. Due to the increased usage of IoT devices, the IoT networks are prone to various security attacks. The deployment of efficient security and privacy protocols in IoT networks is extremely needed to ensure confidentiality, authentication, access control, and integrity, among others. In this paper, an extensive comprehensive study on security and privacy issues in IoT networks is provided. Keywords—Internet of Things (IoT); security issues in IoT; security; privacy
Comparative Analysis of ADS-B Verification Techniques

ADS-B is one of many Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulated technologies used to monitor air traffic with high precision, while reducing dependencies on dated and costly radar equipment [1]. The FAA hopes to decrease the separation between aircraft, reduce risk of collision as air traffic density increases, save fuel costs, and increase situational awareness of both commercial and general aviation aircraft within United States airspace. Several aviation technology experts have expressed concern over the security of the ADS-B protocol [2] [3]. ADS-B has an open and well known data format, which is broadcast on known frequencies. This means that the protocol is highly susceptible to radio frequency (RF) attacks such as eavesdropping, jamming, and spoofing. Eavesdropping and jamming will be reviewed in Section 3.4. While eavesdropping and jamming attacks are well studied, due to their applicability in many radio technologies, spoofing attacks against ADS-B are particular to this system. As such, the latter is the focus of our research. This paper evaluates so-called Kalman Filtering and Group Validation techniques (described below) in order to assess which would be a better position verification method of ADS-B signals. The parameters for the comparative analysis include both technical feasibility and practical implementation of each position verification technique. The goal is to offer a practical position verification process which could be implemented with limited government funding within the next 10 years.
Emotion control in collaborative learning situations: do students regulate emotions evoked by social challenges?

BACKGROUND
During recent decades, self-regulated learning (SRL) has become a major research field. SRL successfully integrates the cognitive and motivational components of learning. Self-regulation is usually seen as an individual process, with the social aspects of regulation conceptualized as one aspect of the context. However, recent research has begun to investigate whether self-regulation processes are complemented by socially shared regulation processes.


AIMS
The presented study investigated what kind of socio-emotional challenges students experience during collaborative learning and whether the students regulate the emotions evoked during these situations. The interplay of the emotion regulation processes between the individual and the group was also studied.


SAMPLE
The sample for this study was 63 teacher education students who studied in groups of three to five during three collaborative learning tasks.


METHOD
Students' interpretations of experienced social challenges and their attempts to regulate emotions evoked by these challenges were collected following each task using the Adaptive Instrument for the Regulation of Emotions.


RESULTS
The results indicated that students experienced a variety of social challenges. Students also reported the use of shared regulation in addition to self-regulation. Finally, the results suggested that intrinsic group dynamics are derived from both individual and social elements of collaborative situations.


CONCLUSION
The findings of the study support the assumption that students can regulate emotions collaboratively as well as individually. The study contributes to our understanding of the social aspects of emotional regulation in collaborative learning contexts.
The James-Lange theory of emotions: a critical examination and an alternative theory. By Walter B. Cannon, 1927.
Correctness By Construction: Better Can Also Be Cheaper

I n December 1999 CrossTalk [3], David Cook provided a well-reasoned historical analysis of programming language development and considered the role languages play in the software development process. The article was valuable because it showed that programming language developments are not sufficient to ensure success; however, it would be dangerous to conclude from this that they are not necessary for success. Cook rightly identifies other issues such as requirements capture, specifications, and verification and validation (V&V) that need to be addressed. Perhaps we need to look at programming languages not just in terms of their ability to code some particular design but in the influence the language has on some of these other vital aspects of the development process. The key notion is that of the benefit of a precise language or language subset. If the term subset has set anyone thinking " oh no, not another coding standard, " then read on, the topic is much more interesting and useful than that! Language Issues Programming languages have evolved in three main ways. First came improvements in structure; then attempts at improving compile-time error detection through such things as strong typing; and, most significantly , facilities to improve our ability to express abstractions. All of these have shaped the way we think about problem solving. However, programming languages have not evolved in their precision of expression. In fact, they may have actually gotten worse since the meaning of a sample of machine code is exact and unequivocal , whereas the meaning of the constructs of typical modern high-order languages are substantially less certain. The evolution of C into C++ certainly improved its ability to express design abstractions but, if anything, the predictability of the compiled code decreased. These ambiguities arise either from deficiencies in the original language definition or from implementation freedoms given to the compiler writer for ease of implementation or efficiency reasons. None of this may look like a very serious problem. We can still do code walk-throughs and reviews and, after all, we still have to do dynamic testing that should flush out any remaining ambiguities. In fact the evidence is quite strong that it does matter because it creates an environment where we are encouraged to make little attempt to reason about the software we are producing at each stage of its development. Since we typically do not have formal mathematical specifications and we use imprecise …
3D Point Cloud Registration for Localization Using a Deep Neural Network Auto-Encoder

We present an algorithm for registration between a large-scale point cloud and a close-proximity scanned point cloud, providing a localization solution that is fully independent of prior information about the initial positions of the two point cloud coordinate systems. The algorithm, denoted LORAX, selects super-points&#x2013;local subsets of points&#x2013;and describes the geometric structure of each with a low-dimensional descriptor. These descriptors are then used to infer potential matching regions for an efficient coarse registration process, followed by a fine-tuning stage. The set of super-points is selected by covering the point clouds with overlapping spheres, and then filtering out those of low-quality or nonsalient regions. The descriptors are computed using state-of-the-art unsupervised machine learning, utilizing the technology of deep neural network based auto-encoders. Abstract This novel framework provides a strong alternative to the common practice of using manually designed key-point descriptors for coarse point cloud registration. Utilizing super-points instead of key-points allows the available geometrical data to be better exploited to find the correct transformation. Encoding local 3D geometric structures using a deep neural network auto-encoder instead of traditional descriptors continues the trend seen in other computer vision applications and indeed leads to superior results. The algorithm is tested on challenging point cloud registration datasets, and its advantages over previous approaches as well as its robustness to density changes, noise, and missing data are shown.
Phishing Detection Taxonomy for Mobile Device

Phishing is one of the social engineering attacks and currently hit on mobile devices. Based on security report by Lookout [1], 30% of Lookout users clicking on an unsafe link per year by using mobile device. Few phishing detection techniques have been applied on mobile device. However, review on phishing detection technique on the detection technique redundant is still need. This paper addresses the current trend phishing detection for mobile device and identifies significant criterion to improve phishing detection techniques on mobile device. Thus, existing research on phishing detection technique for computer and mobile device will be compared and analysed. Hence, outcome of the analysis becomes a guideline in proposing generic phishing detection taxonomy for mobile device.
Monocular-SLAM-based navigation for autonomous micro helicopters in GPS-denied environments

Autonomous micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) will soon play a major role in tasks such as search and rescue, environment monitoring, surveillance, and inspection. They allow us to easily access environments to which no humans or other vehicles can get access. This reduces the risk for both the people and the environment. For the above applications, it is, however, a requirement that the vehicle is able to navigate without using GPS, or without relying on a preexisting map, or without specific assumptions about the environment. This will allow operations in unstructured, unknown, and GPS-denied environments. We present a novel solution for the task of autonomous navigation of a micro helicopter through a completely unknown environment by using solely a single camera and inertial sensors onboard. Many existing solutions suffer from the problem of drift in the xy plane or from the dependency on a clean GPS signal. The novelty in the here-presented approach is to use a monocular simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) framework to stabilize the vehicle in six degrees of freedom. This way, we overcome the problem of both the drift and the GPS dependency. The pose estimated by the visual SLAM algorithm is used in a linear optimal controller that allows us to perform all basic maneuvers such as hovering, set point and trajectory following, vertical takeoff, and landing. All calculations including SLAM and controller are running in real time and online while the helicopter is flying. No offline processing or preprocessing is done. We show real experiments that demonstrate that the vehicle can fly autonomously in an unknown and unstructured environment. To the best of our knowledge, the here-presented work describes the first aerial vehicle that uses onboard monocular vision as a main sensor to navigate through an unknown GPS-denied environment and independently of any external artificial aids. C © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design of adaptive hypermedia learning systems: A cognitive style approach

In the past decade, a number of adaptive hypermedia learning systems have been developed. However, most of these systems tailor presentation content and navigational support solely according to students’ prior knowledge. On the other hand, previous research suggested that cognitive styles significantly affect student learning because they refer to how learners process and organize information. To this end, the study presented in this paper developed an adaptive hypermedia learning system tailored to students’ cognitive styles, with an emphasis on Pask’s Holist–Serialist dimension. How students react to this adaptive hypermedia learning system, including both learning performance and perceptions, was examined in this study. Forty-four undergraduate and postgraduate students participated in the study. The findings indicated that, in general, adapting to cognitive styles improves student learning. The results also showed that the adaptive hypermedia learning system have more effects on students’ perceptions than performance. The implications of these results for the design of adaptive hypermedia learning systems are discussed. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Decision making regarding Smith-Petersen vs. pedicle subtraction osteotomy vs. vertebral column resection for spinal deformity.

STUDY DESIGN
Author experience and literature review.


OBJECTIVES
To investigate and discuss decision-making on when to perform a Smith-Petersen osteotomy as opposed to a pedicle subtraction procedure and/or a vertebral column resection.


SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
Articles have been published regarding Smith-Petersen osteotomies, pedicle subtraction procedures, and vertebral column resections. Expectations and complications have been reviewed. However, decision-making regarding which of the 3 procedures is most useful for a particular spinal deformity case is not clearly investigated.


METHODS
Discussed in this manuscript is the author's experience and the literature regarding the operative options for a fixed coronal or sagittal deformity.


RESULTS
There are roles for Smith-Petersen osteotomy, pedicle subtraction, and vertebral column resection. Each has specific applications and potential complications.


CONCLUSION
As the magnitude of resection increases, the ability to correct deformity improves, but also the risk of complication increases. Therein, an understanding of potential applications and complications is helpful.
dCompaction: Delayed Compaction for the LSM-Tree

Key-value (KV) stores have become a backbone of large-scale applications in today’s data centers. Write-optimized data structures like the Log-Structured Merge-tree (LSM-tree) and their variants are widely used in KV storage systems like BigTable and RocksDB. Conventional LSM-tree organizes KV items into multiple, successively larger components, and uses compaction to push KV items from one smaller component to another adjacent larger component until the KV items reach the largest component. Unfortunately, current compaction scheme incurs significant write amplification due to repeated KV item reads and writes, and then results in poor throughput. We propose a new compaction scheme, delayed compaction (dCompaction), that decreases write amplification. dCompaction postpones some compactions and gather them into the following compaction. In this way, it avoids KV item reads and writes during compaction, and consequently improves the throughput of LSM-tree based KV stores. We implement dCompaction on RocksDB, and conduct extensive experiments. Validation using YCSB framework shows that compared with RocksDB dCompaction has about 30% write performance improvements and also comparable read performance.
WordNet : an electronic lexical database

WordNet is perhaps the most important and widely used lexical resource for natural language processing systems up to now. WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database, edited by Christiane Fellbaum, discusses the design of WordNet from both theoretical and historical perspectives, provides an up-to-date description of the lexical database, and presents a set of applications of WordNet. The book contains a foreword by George Miller, an introduction by Christiane Fellbaum, seven chapters from the Cognitive Sciences Laboratory of Princeton University, where WordNet was produced, and nine chapters contributed by scientists from elsewhere. Miller's foreword offers a fascinating account of the history of WordNet. He discusses the presuppositions of such a lexical database, how the top-level noun categories were determined, and the sources of the words in WordNet. He also writes about the evolution of WordNet from its original incarnation as a dictionary browser to a broad-coverage lexicon, and the involvement of different people during its various stages of development over a decade. It makes very interesting reading for casual and serious users of WordNet and anyone who is grateful for the existence of WordNet. The book is organized in three parts. Part I is about WordNet itself and consists of four chapters: "Nouns in WordNet" by George Miller, "Modifiers in WordNet" by Katherine Miller, "A semantic network of English verbs" by Christiane Fellbaum, and "Design and implementation of the WordNet lexical database and search software" by Randee Tengi. These chapters are essentially updated versions of four papers from Miller (1990). Compared with the earlier papers, the chapters in this book focus more on the underlying assumptions and rationales behind the design decisions. The description of the information contained in WordNet, however, is not as detailed as in Miller (1990). The main new additions in these chapters include an explanation of sense grouping in George Miller's chapter, a section about adverbs in Katherine Miller's chapter, observations about autohyponymy (one sense of a word being a hyponym of another sense of the same word) and autoantonymy (one sense of a word being an antonym of another sense of the same word) in Fellbaum's chapter, and Tengi's description of the Grinder, a program that converts the files the lexicographers work with to searchable lexical databases. The three papers in Part II are characterized as "extensions, enhancements and