snu-aidas/HVMap-dataset huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based software engineering

Objective: Our objective is to describe how softwareengineering might benefit from an evidence-basedapproach and to identify the potential difficultiesassociated with the approach.Method: We compared the organisation and technicalinfrastructure supporting evidence-based medicine (EBM)with the situation in software engineering. We consideredthe impact that factors peculiar to software engineering(i.e. the skill factor and the lifecycle factor) would haveon our ability to practice evidence-based softwareengineering (EBSE).Results: EBSE promises a number of benefits byencouraging integration of research results with a view tosupporting the needs of many different stakeholdergroups. However, we do not currently have theinfrastructure needed for widespread adoption of EBSE.The skill factor means software engineering experimentsare vulnerable to subject and experimenter bias. Thelifecycle factor means it is difficult to determine howtechnologies will behave once deployed.Conclusions: Software engineering would benefit fromadopting what it can of the evidence approach providedthat it deals with the specific problems that arise from thenature of software engineering.
Simple, Accurate, and Robust Nonparametric Blind Super-Resolution

This paper proposes a simple, accurate, and robust approach to single image nonparametric blind Super-Resolution (SR). This task is formulated as a functional to be minimized with respect to both an intermediate super-resolved image and a nonparametric blur-kernel. The proposed approach includes a convolution consistency constraint which uses a non-blind learning-based SR result to better guide the estimation process. Another key component is the unnatural bi-l0-l2-norm regularization imposed on the super-resolved, sharp image and the blur-kernel, which is shown to be quite beneficial for estimating the blur-kernel accurately. The numerical optimization is implemented by coupling the splitting augmented Lagrangian and the conjugate gradient (CG). Using the pre-estimated blur-kernel, we finally reconstruct the SR image by a very simple non-blind SR method that uses a natural image prior. The proposed approach is demonstrated to achieve better performance than the recent method by Michaeli and Irani [2] in both terms of the kernel estimation accuracy and image SR quality.
The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Childhood Obesity.

BACKGROUND
Childhood and adolescent obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. The pathogenesis of obesity is complex and multifactorial, in which genetic and environmental contributions seem important. The gut microbiota is increasingly documented to be involved in the dysmetabolism associated with obesity.


METHODS
We conducted a systematic search for literature available before October 2015 in the PubMed and Scopus databases, focusing on the interplay between the gut microbiota, childhood obesity, and metabolism.


RESULTS
The review discusses the potential role of the bacterial component of the human gut microbiota in childhood and adolescent-onset obesity, with a special focus on the factors involved in the early development of the gut bacterial ecosystem, and how modulation of this microbial community might serve as a basis for new therapeutic strategies in combating childhood obesity. A vast number of variables are influencing the gut microbial ecology (e.g., the host genetics, delivery method, diet, age, environment, and the use of pre-, pro-, and antibiotics); but the exact physiological processes behind these relationships need to be clarified.


CONCLUSIONS
Exploring the role of the gut microbiota in the development of childhood obesity may potentially reveal new strategies for obesity prevention and treatment.
Intervention Studies on Forgiveness : A Meta-Analysis

79 A promising area of counseling research that emerged in the 1990s is the scientific investigation of forgiveness interventions. Although the notion of forgiving is ancient (Enright & the Human Development Study Group, 1991), it has not been systematically studied until relatively recently (Enright, Santos, & Al-Mabuk, 1989). Significant to counseling because of its interpersonal nature, forgiveness issues are relevant to the contexts of marriage and dating relationships, parent–child relationships, friendships, professional relationships, and others. In addition, forgiveness is integral to emotional constructs such as anger. As forgiveness therapies (Ferch, 1998; Fitzgibbons, 1986) and the empirical study of these therapies (Freedman & Enright, 1996) begin to unfold, it is important to ask if these interventions can consistently demonstrate salient positive effects on levels of forgiveness and on the mental health of targeted clients. The purpose of this article is to analyze via meta-analysis the existing published interventions on forgiveness. Meta-analysis is a popular vehicle of synthesizing results across multiple studies. Recent successful uses of this method include the study by McCullough (1999), who analyzed five studies that compared the efficacy for depression of standard approaches with counseling with religion-accommo-dative approaches. Furthermore, in order to reach conclusions about the influence of hypnotherapy on treatment for clients with obesity, Allison and Faith (1996) used meta-analysis to examine six studies that compared the efficacy of using cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) alone with the use of CBT combined with hypnotherapy. Finally, Morris, Audet, Angelillo, Chalmers, and Mosteller (1992) used meta-analysis to combine the results of 10 studies with contradictory findings to show that the benefits of chlorinating drinking water far outweighed the risks. Although there may be some concern that using forgiveness as an intervention in counseling is in too early a stage of development and that too few studies exist for a proper meta-analysis, the effectiveness of these recent meta-analyses supports this meta-analytic investigation. Certainly any findings must be tempered with due caution. However, this analysis may serve as important guidance for the structure and development of future counseling studies of forgiveness. We first examine the early work in forgiveness interventions by examining the early case studies. From there, we define forgiveness, discuss the models of forgiveness in counseling and the empirically based interventions, and then turn to the meta-analysis. The early clinical case studies suggested that forgiveness might be helpful for people who have experienced deep emotional pain because of unjust treatment. For …
W ORDS OR C HARACTERS ? F INE-GRAINED

Previous work combines word-level and character-level representations using concatenation or scalar weighting, which is suboptimal for high-level tasks like reading comprehension. We present a fine-grained gating mechanism to dynamically combine word-level and character-level representations based on properties of the words. We also extend the idea of fine-grained gating to modeling the interaction between questions and paragraphs for reading comprehension. Experiments show that our approach can improve the performance on reading comprehension tasks, achieving new state-of-the-art results on the Children’s Book Test and Who Did What datasets. To demonstrate the generality of our gating mechanism, we also show improved results on a social media tag prediction task.1
Are Metamorphic Viruses Really Invincible?

Metamorphic viruses enjoy the apparent invincibility because a virus writer has the advantage of knowing the weak spots of AV technologies. We could turn the tables if we can identify similar weak spots in a metamorphic virus. Indeed, Lakhotia and Singh close their otherwise gloomy article with one bright spot: " The good news is that a virus writer is confronted with the same theoretical limit as anti-virus technologies… It may be worth contemplating how this could be used to the advantage of anti-virus technologies. " SUMMARY In the game of " hide and seek, " where a virus tries to hide and the AV scanners tries to seek, the winner is the one that can take advantage of the other's weak spot. So far a virus writer has enjoyed the upper hand for she could exploit the limitations of AV technologies. Metamorphic viruses are particularly insidious in taking such advantage. A metamorphic virus thwarts detection by signature-based (static) AV technologies by morphing its code as it propagates. A virus can also thwart detection by emulation-based (dynamic) technologies. To do so it needs to detect whether it is running in an emulator and change its behavior. So are metamorphic viruses invincible? This paper investigates the above remark and identifies what promises to be the Achilles' heel of a metamorphic virus. The key observation is that in order to mutate its code, generations after generations, a metamorphic virus must analyze its own code. Thus, it too must face the limits of static and dynamic analyses. Beyond that a metamorphic virus has another constraint: it must be able to re-analyze the mutated code that it generates. Thus, the analysis within the virus, of how to transform the code in current generation, depends upon the complexity of transformations in the previous generation. To overcome the challenges of static and dynamic analyses, the virus has the following options: do not obfuscate the transformed code in any generation; use some coding conventions that can aid it in detecting its own obfuscations; or develop smart algorithms to detect its specific obfuscations. This paper uncovers the Achilles' heel of a metamorphic virus.
Author ' s personal copy Narcissism and recollections of early life experiences

Recent studies have found associations between narcissistic personality features and retrospective accounts of early experiences. The current study sought to extend these previous findings by examining whether adaptive and maladaptive features of narcissism were associated with recollections of early life experiences in a non-clinical sample of undergraduate students (N = 334). Results revealed that the Entitlement/Exploitativeness feature of narcissism was associated with low security, high parental discipline, and high threats of separation. Narcissistic Grandiosity was positively associated with peer affectional support and parental discipline, whereas Narcissistic Vulnerability was not uniquely associated with memories of early life experiences. The results provide partial support for models of narcissism in which parents are recalled as failing to provide a secure base while inducing threats of separation and discipline. 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Research Commentary: Desperately Seeking the "IT" in IT Research - A Call to Theorizing the IT Artifact

The field of information systems is premised on the centrality of information technology in everyday socio-economic life. Yet, drawing on a review of the full set of articles published in Information Systems Research (ISR) over the past ten years, we argue that the field has not deeply engaged its core subject matter—the information technology (IT) artifact. Instead, we find that IS researchers tend to give central theoretical significance to the context (within which some usually unspecified technology is seen to operate), the discrete processing capabilities of the artifact (as separable from its context or use), or the dependent variable (that which is posited to be affected or changed as technology is developed, implemented, and used). The IT artifact itself tends to disappear from view, be taken for granted, or is presumed to be unproblematic once it is built and installed. After discussing the implications of our findings, we propose a research direction for the IS field that begins to take technology as seriously as its effects, context, and capabilities. In particular, we propose that IS researchers begin to theorize specifically about IT artifacts, and then incorporate these theories explicitly into their studies. We believe that such a research direction is critical if IS research is to make a significant contribution to the understanding of a world increasingly suffused with ubiquitous, interdependent, and emergent information technologies. (Information Systems Research; Information Technology; IT Research; IT Theory; Technological Artifacts; Technology Change)
Generalizing Generalizability in Information Systems Research

Generalizability is a major concern to those who do, and use, research. Statistical, sampling-based generalizability is well known, but methodologists have long been aware of conceptions of generalizability beyond the statistical. The purpose of this essay is to clarify the concept of generalizability by critically examining its nature, illustrating its use and misuse, and presenting a framework for classifying its different forms. The framework organizes the different forms into four types, which are defined by the distinction between empirical and theoretical kinds of statements. On the one hand, the framework affirms the bounds within which statistical, sampling-based generalizability is legitimate. On the other hand, the framework indicates ways in which researchers in information systems and other fields may properly lay claim to generalizability, and thereby broader relevance, even when their inquiry falls outside the bounds of sampling-based research. (Research Methodology; Positivist Research; Interpretive Research; Quantitative Research; Qualitative Research; Case Studies; Research Design; Generalizability )
Treatment of oral mucocele-scalpel versus CO2 laser.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the results obtained after oral mucocele resection with the scalpel versus the CO2 laser, based on the complications and recurrences after surgery.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
Of the 68 patients we studied who have mucocele, 38 were resected with a scalpel and the remaining 30 with the CO2 laser (5-7 W). Patient sex and age were documented, along with location of the lesion as well as size, symptoms, duration, etiological factors, type of treatment, complications and recurrences after surgical removal.


RESULTS
The sample comprised 40 males and 28 females, aged between 6-65 years. The histological diagnosis was extravasation mucocele in 95% of the cases. The most frequent location was the lower lip (73.5%). The mean lesion diameter was 9 mm, and in most cases no evident etiological factor was recorded. The mean duration of the lesion was 4 months. Among the cases of conventional surgical removal of mucocele, recurrence was recorded in 8.8% of the cases, and 13.2% of the patients suffered postoperative complications--the most frequent being the presence of fibrous scars. There were no complications or relapses after a minimum follow-up of 12 months in the cases subjected to CO2 laser treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Oral mucocele ablation with the CO2 laser offers more predictable results and fewer complications and recurrences than conventional resection with the scalpel.
Gradient Flow in Recurrent Nets : the Difficulty of Learning Long-Term Dependencies
Stylometry with R: a suite of tools

Stylometry today uses either stand-alone dedicated programs, custom-made by stylometrists, or applies existing software, often one for each stage of the analysis. Stylometry with R can be placed somewhere in-between, as the powerful open-source statistical programming environment provides, on the one hand, the opportunity of building statistical applications from scratch, and, on the other, allows less advanced researchers to use ready-made scripts and libraries. In our own stylometric adventure with R, one of the aims was to build a tool (or a set of tools) that would combine sophisticated state-of-the-art algorithms of classification and/or clustering with a user-friendly interface. In particular, we wanted to implement a number of multidimensional methods that could be used by scholars without programming skills. And more: it soon became evident that once our R scripts are made, provided with a graphic user interface and more or less documented, they are highly usable in class; experience shows that this is an excellent way to work around R’s normally steep learning curve without losing anything of the environment’s considerable computing power and speed.
Misuse of automated decision aids: Complacency, automation bias and the impact of training experience

The present study investigates automation misuse based on complacency and automation bias in interacting with a decision aid in a process control system. The effect of a preventive training intervention which includes exposing participants to rare automation failures is examined. Complacency is reflected in an inappropriate checking and monitoring of automated functions. In interaction with automated decision aids complacency might result in commission errors, i.e., following automatically generated recommendations even though they are false. Yet, empirical evidence proving this kind of relationship is still lacking. A laboratory experiment (N 1⁄4 24) was conducted using a process control simulation. An automated decision aid provided advice for fault diagnosis and management. Complacency was directly measured by the participants’ information sampling behavior, i.e., the amount of information sampled in order to verify the automated recommendations. Possible commission errors were assessed when the aid provided false recommendations. The results provide clear evidence for complacency, reflected in an insufficient verification of the automation, while commission errors were associated with high levels of complacency. Hence, commission errors seem to be a possible, albeit not an inevitable consequence of complacency. Furthermore, exposing operators to automation failures during training significantly decreased complacency and thus represents a suitable means to reduce this risk, even though it might not avoid it completely. Potential applications of this research include the design of training protocols in order to prevent automation misuse in interaction with automated decision aids. r 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Review of Semantic-Free Utterances in Social Human-Robot Interaction

Review of Semantic-Free Utterances in Social Human–Robot Interaction Selma Yilmazyildiz, Robin Read, Tony Belpeame & Werner Verhelst To cite this article: Selma Yilmazyildiz, Robin Read, Tony Belpeame & Werner Verhelst (2016) Review of Semantic-Free Utterances in Social Human–Robot Interaction, International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 32:1, 63-85, DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2015.1093856 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2015.1093856
' s personal copy Comments and Controversies Ten ironic rules for non-statistical reviewers

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Statistical testing Sample-size Effect size Power Classical inference As an expert reviewer, it is sometimes necessary to ensure a paper is rejected. This can sometimes be achieved by highlighting improper statistical practice. This technical note provides guidance on how to critique the statistical analysis of neuroimaging studies to maximise the chance that the paper will be declined. We will review a series of critiques that can be applied universally to any neuroimaging paper and consider responses to potential rebuttals that reviewers might encounter from authors or editors. Introduction This technical note is written for reviewers who may not have sufficient statistical expertise to provide an informed critique during the peer-reviewed process, but would like to recommend rejection on the basis of inappropriate or invalid statistical analysis. This guidance follows the 10 simple rules format and hopes to provide useful tips and criticisms for reviewers who find themselves in this difficult position. These rules are presented for reviewers in an ironic way 1 that makes it easier (and hopefully more entertaining) to discuss the issues from the point of view of both the reviewer and author — and to caricature both sides of the arguments. Some key issues are presented more formally in (non-ironic) appendices. There is a perceived need to reject peer-reviewed papers with the advent of open access publishing and the large number of journals available to authors. Clearly, there may be idiosyncratic reasons to block a paper – to ensure your precedence in the literature, personal rivalry etc. – however, we will assume that there is an imperative to reject papers for the good of the community: handling editors are often happy to receive recommendations to decline a paper. This is because they are placed under pressure to maintain a high rejection rate. This pressure is usually exerted by the editorial board (and publishers) and enforced by circulating quantitative information about their rejection rates (i.e., naming and shaming lenient editors). All journals want to maximise rejection rates, because this increases the quality of submissions, increases their impact factor …
ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY ( ACT ) IN PANIC DISORDER WITH AGORAPHOBIA : A CASE STUDY
Design, Modeling, Control, and Evaluation of a Hybrid Hip Joint Miniature Climbing Robot

The subject of this paper is the design, control, and evaluation of a biped–climbing robot featuring a new hybrid hip joint. The hybrid hip provides both prismatic and revolute motion, discretely, to the robot, using a single actuator. This is intended to improve its adaptability in confined environments and its capability to maneuver over and around obstacles. Optimization of the hybrid hip joint relative to robot size, weight, and actuation limits is considered while maximizing range of motion. The mechanical structure of the robot is discussed, as well as forward and inverse kinematics for motion planning. Reachable robot workspace in both revolute and prismatic phases of the hybrid hip joint is analyzed. Different robot locomotion strides are developed and dynamic controller requirements are considered. Experimental evaluation of the robot walking and climbing on and between surfaces with different inclinations is conducted to evaluate performance and repeatability of the system. KEY WORDS—biped robot, climbing robot, robot design, kinematics, locomotion strides
Reducing restraint use for older adults in acute care.

Although no evidence shows that restraints are effective for maintaining safety, preventing disruption of treatment, or controlling behavior, they're still commonly used in acute care facilities (especially in critical care) in the United States, where the reported prevalence of their use ranges from 7.4% to 17%.[1–3] They may be used to protect patients from falls or to prevent them from inadvertently removing tubes and other devices.[4] Older adults are three times more likely to be restrained during an acute hospital admission than younger patients, even though this practice is associated with poor outcomes.[1] (See Adverse effects of physical restraints.)