snu-aidas/HVMap-dataset huggingface dataset:
Decreased gut microbiota diversity, delayed Bacteroidetes colonisation and reduced Th1 responses in infants delivered by caesarean section.

OBJECTIVE
The early intestinal microbiota exerts important stimuli for immune development, and a reduced microbial exposure as well as caesarean section (CS) has been associated with the development of allergic disease. Here we address how microbiota development in infants is affected by mode of delivery, and relate differences in colonisation patterns to the maturation of a balanced Th1/Th2 immune response.


DESIGN
The postnatal intestinal colonisation pattern was investigated in 24 infants, born vaginally (15) or by CS (nine). The intestinal microbiota were characterised using pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA genes at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after birth. Venous blood levels of Th1- and Th2-associated chemokines were measured at 6, 12 and 24 months.


RESULTS
Infants born through CS had lower total microbiota diversity during the first 2 years of life. CS delivered infants also had a lower abundance and diversity of the Bacteroidetes phylum and were less often colonised with the Bacteroidetes phylum. Infants born through CS had significantly lower levels of the Th1-associated chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL11 in blood.


CONCLUSIONS
CS was associated with a lower total microbial diversity, delayed colonisation of the Bacteroidetes phylum and reduced Th1 responses during the first 2 years of life.
Super Normal Vector for Activity Recognition Using Depth Sequences

This paper presents a new framework for human activity recognition from video sequences captured by a depth camera. We cluster hypersurface normals in a depth sequence to form the polynormal which is used to jointly characterize the local motion and shape information. In order to globally capture the spatial and temporal orders, an adaptive spatio-temporal pyramid is introduced to subdivide a depth video into a set of space-time grids. We then propose a novel scheme of aggregating the low-level polynormals into the super normal vector (SNV) which can be seen as a simplified version of the Fisher kernel representation. In the extensive experiments, we achieve classification results superior to all previous published results on the four public benchmark datasets, i.e., MSRAction3D, MSRDailyActivity3D, MSRGesture3D, and MSRActionPairs3D.
Optimising thermal efficiency of direct contact membrane distillation by brine recycling for small-scale seawater desalination Revised Manuscript Submitted to Desalination

A technique to optimise thermal efficiency using brine recycling during direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) of seawater was investigated. By returning the hot brine to the feed tank, the system water recovery could be increased and the sensible heat of the hot brine was recovered to improve thermal efficiency. The results show that in the optimal water recovery range of 20 to 60% facilitated by brine recycling, the specific thermal energy consumption of the process could be reduced by more than half. It is also noteworthy that within this optimal water recovery range, the risk of membrane scaling is negligible DCMD of seawater at a constant water recovery of 70% was achieved for over 24. h without any scale formation on the membrane surface. In contrast, severe membrane scaling was observed when water recovery reached 80%. In addition to water recovery, other operating conditions such as feed temperature and water circulation rates could influence the process thermal efficiency. Increasing the feed temperature and reducing the circulation flow rates increased thermal efficiency. Increasing the feed temperature could also mitigate the negative effect of elevated feed concentration on the distillate flux, particularly at a high water recovery. Disciplines Engineering | Science and Technology Studies Publication Details Duong, H. C., Cooper, P., Nelemans, B., Cath, T. Y. & Nghiem, L. D. (2015). Optimising thermal efficiency of direct contact membrane distillation by brine recycling for small-scale seawater desalination. Desalination, 374 1-9. This journal article is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/eispapers/4237 1 Optimising thermal efficiency of direct contact membrane distillation by brine recycling for small-scale seawater desalination Revised Manuscript Submitted to
A gut (microbiome) feeling about the brain.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW
There is an increasing realization that the microorganisms which reside within our gut form part of a complex multidirectional communication network with the brain known as the microbiome-gut-brain axis. In this review, we focus on recent findings which support a role for this axis in modulating neurodevelopment and behavior.


RECENT FINDINGS
A growing body of research is uncovering that under homeostatic conditions and in response to internal and external stressors, the bacterial commensals of our gut can signal to the brain through a variety of mechanisms to influence processes such neurotransmission, neurogenesis, microglia activation, and modulate behavior. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying the ability of stress to modulate the microbiota and also for microbiota to change the set point for stress sensitivity are being unraveled. Dysregulation of the gut microbiota composition has been identified in a number of psychiatric disorders, including depression. This has led to the concept of bacteria that have a beneficial effect upon behavior and mood (psychobiotics) being proposed for potential therapeutic interventions.


SUMMARY
Understanding the mechanisms by which the bacterial commensals of our gut are involved in brain function may lead to the development of novel microbiome-based therapies for these mood and behavioral disorders.
Interactive Block Games for Assessing Children's Cognitive Skills: Design and Preliminary Evaluation

Background: This paper presents design and results from preliminary evaluation of Tangible Geometric Games (TAG-Games) for cognitive assessment in young children. The TAG-Games technology employs a set of sensor-integrated cube blocks, called SIG-Blocks, and graphical user interfaces for test administration and real-time performance monitoring. TAG-Games were administered to children from 4 to 8 years of age for evaluating preliminary efficacy of this new technology-based approach. Methods: Five different sets of SIG-Blocks comprised of geometric shapes, segmented human faces, segmented animal faces, emoticons, and colors, were used for three types of TAG-Games, including Assembly, Shape Matching, and Sequence Memory. Computational task difficulty measures were defined for each game and used to generate items with varying difficulty. For preliminary evaluation, TAG-Games were tested on 40 children. To explore the clinical utility of the information assessed by TAG-Games, three subtests of the age-appropriate Wechsler tests (i.e., Block Design, Matrix Reasoning, and Picture Concept) were also administered. Results: Internal consistency of TAG-Games was evaluated by the split-half reliability test. Weak to moderate correlations between Assembly and Block Design, Shape Matching and Matrix Reasoning, and Sequence Memory and Picture Concept were found. The computational measure of task complexity for each TAG-Game showed a significant correlation with participants' performance. In addition, age-correlations on TAG-Game scores were found, implying its potential use for assessing children's cognitive skills autonomously.
Investment and Financing Constraints : Evidence from the Funding of Corporate Pension Plans

I exploit sharply nonlinear funding rules for defined benefit pension plans in order to identify the dependence of corporate investment on internal financial resources in a large sample. Capital expenditures decline with mandatory contributions to defined benefit pension plans, even when controlling for correlations between the pension funding status itself and the firm’s unobserved investment opportunities. The effect is particularly evident among firms that face financing constraints based on observable variables such as credit ratings. Investment also displays strong negative correlations with the part of mandatory contributions resulting solely from unexpected asset market movements. * Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago. I thank James Poterba, Stew Myers, Jonathan Gruber, Dirk Jenter, Heitor Almeida, Daniel Bergstresser, Mihir Desai, Michael Greenstone, Robin Greenwood, David Scharfstein, Antoinette Schoar, Jeremy Stein, and Amir Sufi for helpful comments and discussions. I would also like to thank Rob Stambaugh (the editor) and the referees. This work benefited greatly from the thoughts of economics seminar participants at MIT, Harvard, Princeton, and the Kennedy School of Government, and of finance seminar participants at the University of Chicago, the University of Pennsylvania (Wharton), Harvard, Stanford, Columbia, NYU (Stern), Dartmouth (Tuck), Michigan (Ross), Boston College (Carroll), Northwestern (Kellogg), Duke (Fuqua), and the 2004 Western Finance Association meetings in Vancouver. I am grateful to the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College and the National Bureau of Economic Research for financial support.
The "visual cliff".

This simple apparatus is used to investigate depth perception in different animals. All species thus far tested seem able to perceive and avoid a sharp drop as soon as they can move about. Human infants at the creeping and toddling stage are notoriously prone to falls from more or less high places. They must be kept from going over the brink by side panels on their cribs, gates on stairways and the vigilance of adults. As their muscular coordination matures they begin to avoid such accidents on their own. Common sense might suggest that the child learns to recognize falling-off places by experience–that is, by falling and hurting himself. But is experience really the teacher? Or is the ability to perceive and avoid a brink part of the child's original endowment? Answers to these questions will throw light on the genesis of space perception in general. Height perception is a special case of distance perception: information in the light reaching the eye provides stimuli that can be utilized for the discrimination both of depth and of receding distance on the level. At what stage of development can an animal respond effectively to these stimuli? Does the onset of such response vary with animals of different species and habitats? At Cornell University we have been investigating these problems by means of a simple experimental setup that we call a visual cliff. The cliff is a simulated one and hence makes it possible not only to control the optical and other stimuli (auditory and tactual, for instance) but also to protect the experimental subjects. It consists of a board laid across a large sheet of heavy glass which is supported a foot or more above the floor. On one side of the board a sheet of patterned material is placed flush against the undersurface of the glass, giving the glass the appearance as well as the substance of solidity. On the other side a sheet of the same material is laid upon the floor; this side of the board thus becomes the visual cliff (Fig. 1). The Classic Visual Cliff Experiment This young explorer has the good sense not to crawl out onto an apparently unsupported surface, even when Mother beckons from the other side. Rats, pups, kittens, and chicks also will not try to walk across to the other side. (So don't bother asking why the chicken crossed the visual cliff.) …
Information security culture: A management perspective

Information technology has become an integral part of modern life. Today, the use of information permeates every aspect of both business and private lives. Most organizations need information systems to survive and prosper and thus need to be serious about protecting their information assets. Many of the processes needed to protect these information assets are, to a large extent, dependent on human cooperated behavior. Employees, whether intentionally or through negligence, often due to a lack of knowledge, are the greatest threat to information security. It has become widely accepted that the establishment of an organizational sub-culture of information security is key to managing the human factors involved in information security. This paper briefly examines the generic concept of corporate culture and then borrows from the management and economical sciences to present a conceptual model of information security culture. The presented model incorporates the concept of elasticity from the economical sciences in order to show how various variables in an information security culture influence each other. The purpose of the presented model is to facilitate conceptual thinking and argumentation about information security culture. a 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
W-BAND MICROSTRIP-TO-WAVEGUIDE TRANSITION USING VIA FENCES

Abstract—The paper presents integrated probe for direct coupling to the WR-10 waveguide with the use of metal filled vias on both sides of the microstrip line. Design and optimization of this novel microstripto-waveguide transition has been performed using 3-D finite element method based software HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator). A back-to-back transition has been fabricated and measured between 75–110GHz. The measured return loss is higher than 10 dB and the insertion loss for a single microstrip-to-waveguide transition is about 1.15 dB.
A meta-analysis of working memory impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the empirical evidence for deficits in working memory (WM) processes in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).


METHOD
Exploratory meta-analytic procedures were used to investigate whether children with ADHD exhibit WM impairments. Twenty-six empirical research studies published from 1997 to December, 2003 (subsequent to a previous review) met our inclusion criteria. WM measures were categorized according to both modality (verbal, spatial) and type of processing required (storage versus storage/manipulation).


RESULTS
Children with ADHD exhibited deficits in multiple components of WM that were independent of comorbidity with language learning disorders and weaknesses in general intellectual ability. Overall effect sizes for spatial storage (effect size = 0.85, CI = 0.62 - 1.08) and spatial central executive WM (effect size = 1.06, confidence interval = 0.72-1.39) were greater than those obtained for verbal storage (effect size = 0.47, confidence interval = 0.36-0.59) and verbal central executive WM (effect size = 0.43, confidence interval = 0.24-0.62).


CONCLUSION
Evidence of WM impairments in children with ADHD supports recent theoretical models implicating WM processes in ADHD. Future research is needed to more clearly delineate the nature, severity, and specificity of the impairments to ADHD.
Integrated on-chip inductors with electroplated magnetic yokes ( invited )

J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07E328 (2012) A single-solenoid pulsed-magnet system for single-crystal scattering studies Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 035101 (2012) Solution to the problem of E-cored coil above a layered half-space using the method of truncated region eigenfunction expansion J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07E717 (2012) Array of 12 coils to measure the position, alignment, and sensitivity of magnetic sensors over temperature J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07E501 (2012) Skin effect suppression for Cu/CoZrNb multilayered inductor J. Appl. Phys. 111, 07A501 (2012)
Dermoscopy of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

BACKGROUND
Dermoscopy has been proposed as a diagnostic tool in the case of skin infections and parasitosis but no specific dermoscopic criteria have been described for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL).


OBJECTIVES
To describe the dermoscopic features of CL.


METHODS
Dermoscopic examination (using the DermLite Foto; 3Gen, LLC, Dana Point, CA, U.S.A.) of 26 CL lesions was performed to evaluate specific dermoscopic criteria.


RESULTS
We observed the following dermoscopic features: generalized erythema (100%), 'yellow tears' (53%), hyperkeratosis (50%), central erosion/ulceration (46%), erosion/ulceration associated with hyperkeratosis (38%) and 'white starburst-like pattern' (38%). Interestingly, at least one vascular structure described in skin neoplasms was observed in all cases: comma-shaped vessels (73%), linear irregular vessels (57%), dotted vessels (53%), polymorphous/atypical vessels (26%), hairpin vessels (19%), arborizing telangiectasia (11%), corkscrew vessels (7%) and glomerular-like vessels (7%). Combination of two or more different types of vascular structures was present in 23 of 26 CL lesions (88%), with a combination of two vascular structures in 13 cases (50%) and three or more in 10 cases (38%).


CONCLUSIONS
Characteristic dermoscopic structures have been identified in CL. Important vascular patterns seen in melanocytic and nonmelanocytic tumours are frequently observed in this infection.
Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency 5 G Communication

Machine-to-machine communication, M2M, will make up a large portion of the new types of services and use cases that the fifth generation (5G) systems will address. On the one hand, 5G will connect a large number of low-cost and low-energy devices in the context of the Internet of things; on the other hand it will enable critical machine type communication use cases, such as smart factory, automotive, energy, and e-health – which require communication with very high reliability and availability, as well as very low end-to-end latency. In this paper, we will discuss the requirements, enablers and challenges to support these emerging mission-critical 5G use cases. Keywords— 5G, NR, M2M, MTC, URLLC, Tactile Internet, Reliability, Latency.
A GLOBAL MEASURE OF PERCEIVED STRESS

Aim: To evaluate validity of the Greek version of a global measure of perceived stress PSS−14 (Perceived Stress Scale – 14 item). Materials and Methods: The original PSS−14 (theoretical range 0−56) was translated into Greek and then back-translated. One hundred men and women (39±10 years old, 40 men) participated in the validation process. Firstly, participants completed the Greek PSS−14 and, then they were interviewed by a psychologist specializing in stress management. Cronbach’s alpha (α) evaluated internal consistency of the measurement, whereas Kendall’s tau-b and Bland & Altman methods assessed consistency with the clinical evaluation. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor analyses were conducted to reveal hidden factors within the data and to confirm the two-dimensional character of the scale. Results: Mean (SD) PSS−14 score was 25(7.9). Strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.847) as well as moderate-to-good concordance between clinical assessment and PSS−14 (Kendall’s tau-b = 0.43, p<0.01) were observed. Two factors were extracted. Factor one explained 34.7% of variability and was heavily laden by positive items, and factor two that explained 10.6% of the variability by negative items. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the model with 2 factors had chi-square equal to 241.23 (p<0.001), absolute fix indexes were good (i.e. GFI=0.733, AGFI=0.529), and incremental fix indexes were also adequate (i.e. NFI=0.89 and CFI=0.92). Conclusion: The developed Greek version of PSS−14 seems to be a valid instrument for the assessment of perceived stress in the Greek adult population living in urban areas; a finding that supports its local use in research settings as an evaluation tool measuring perceived stress, mainly as a risk factor but without diagnostic properties.
Evolutionary computation and evolutionary deep learning for image analysis, signal processing and pattern recognition

Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s). GECCO ’18 Companion, July 15--19, 2018, Kyoto, Japan © 2018 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). 978-1-4503-57647/18/07...$15.00 DOI https://doi.org/10.1145/3205651.3207859
Supplementary material for the paper : Discriminative Correlation Filter with Channel and Spatial Reliability DCF-CSR

This is the supplementary material for the paper ”Discriminative Correlation Filter with Channel and Spatial Reliability” submitted to the CVPR 2017. Due to spatial constraints, parts not crucial for understanding the DCF-CSR tracker formulation, but helpful for gaining insights, were moved here. 1. Derivation of the augmented Lagrangian minimizer This section provides the complete derivation of the closed-form solutions for the relations (9,10) in the submitted paper [3]. The augmented Lagrangian from Equation (5) in [3] is L(ĥc,h, l̂) = ‖ĥc diag(f̂)− ĝ‖ + λ 2 ‖hm‖ + (1) [̂l(ĥc − ĥm) + l̂(ĥc − ĥm)] + μ‖ĥc − ĥm‖, with hm = (m h). For the purposes of derivation we will rewrite (1) into a fully vectorized form L(ĥc,h, l̂) = ‖ĥc diag(f̂)− ĝ‖ + λ 2 ‖hm‖+ (2) [̂ l(ĥc − √ DFMh) + l̂(ĥc − √ DFMh) ] + μ‖ĥc − √ DFMh‖, where F denotes D × D orthonormal matrix of Fourier coefficients, such that the Fourier transform is defined as x̂ = F(x) = √ DFx and M = diag(m). For clearer representation we denote the four terms in the summation (2) as L(ĥc,h, l̂) = L1 + L2 + L3 + L4, (3) where L1 = ( ĥc diag(f̂)− ĝ )( ĥc diag(f̂)− ĝ )T , (4)
Theory of Outlier Ensembles

Outlier detection is an unsupervised problem, in which labels are not available with data records [2]. As a result, it is generally more challenging to design ensemble analysis algorithms for outlier detection. In particular, methods that require the use of labels in intermediate steps of the algorithm cannot be generalized to outlier detection. For example, in the case of boosting, the classifier algorithm needs to be evaluated in the intermediate steps of the algorithm with the use of training-data labels. Such methods are generally not possible in the case of outlier analysis. As discussed in [1], there are unique reasons why ensemble analysis is generally more difficult in the case of outlier analysis as compared to classification. In spite of the unsupervised nature of outlier ensemble analysis, we show that the theoretical foundations of outlier analysis and classification are surprisingly similar. A number of useful discussions on the theory of classification ensembles may be found in [27, 29, 33]. Further explanations on the use of the bias-variance decomposition in different types of classifiers such as neural networks, support vector machines, and rule-based classifiers are discussed in [17, 30, 31]. It is noteworthy that the biasvariance decomposition is often used in customized ways for different types of base classifiers and combination methods; this general principle is also true in outlier detection. Several arguments have recently been proposed on the theory explaining the accuracy improvements of outlier ensembles. In some cases, incorrect new arguments (such as those in [32]) are proposed to justify experimental results that can be explained by well-known ideas, and an artificial distinction is made between the theory of classification ensembles and outlier ensembles. A recent paper [4]