snu-aidas/HVMap-dataset huggingface dataset:
IAP Guidelines on Rickettsial Diseases in Children.

OBJECTIVE
To formulate practice guidelines on rickettsial diseases in children for pediatricians across India.


JUSTIFICATION
Rickettsial diseases are increasingly being reported from various parts of India. Due to low index of suspicion, nonspecific clinical features in early course of disease, and absence of easily available, sensitive and specific diagnostic tests, these infections are difficult to diagnose. With timely diagnosis, therapy is easy, affordable and often successful. On the other hand, in endemic areas, where healthcare workers have high index of suspicion for these infections, there is rampant and irrational use of doxycycline as a therapeutic trial in patients of undifferentiated fevers. Thus, there is a need to formulate practice guidelines regarding rickettsial diseases in children in Indian context.


PROCESS
A committee was formed for preparing guidelines on rickettsial diseases in children in June 2016. A meeting of consultative committee was held in IAP office, Mumbai and scientific content was discussed. Methodology and results were scrutinized by all members and consensus was reached. Textbook references and published guidelines were also used in few instances to make recommendations. Various Indian and international publications pertinent to present study were collated and guidelines were approved by all committee members. Future updates in these guidelines will be dictated by new scientific data in the field of rickettsial diseases in children.


RECOMMENDATIONS
Indian tick typhus and scrub typhus are commonly seen rickettsial diseases in India. It is recommended that practicing pediatricians should be well conversant with compatible clinical scenario, suggestive epidemiological features, differential diagnoses and suggestive laboratory features to make diagnosis and avoid over diagnosis of these infections, as suggested in these guidelines. Doxycycline is the drug of choice and treatment should begin promptly without waiting for confirmatory laboratory results.
A Review of Methodological Approaches for the Design and Optimization of Wind Farms

This article presents a review of the state of the art of the Wind Farm Design and Optimization (WFDO) problem. The WFDO problem refers to a set of advanced planning actions needed to extremize the performance of wind farms, which may be composed of a few individual Wind Turbines (WTs) up to thousands of WTs. The WFDO problem has been investigated in different scenarios, with substantial differences in main objectives, modelling assumptions, constraints, and numerical solution methods. The aim of this paper is: (1) to present an exhaustive survey of the literature covering the full span of the subject, an analysis of the state-of-the-art models describing the performance of wind farms as well as its extensions, and the numerical approaches used to solve the problem; (2) to provide an overview of the available knowledge and recent progress in the application of such strategies to real onshore and offshore wind farms; and (3) to propose a comprehensive agenda for future research. OPEN ACCESS Energies 2014, 7 6931
Millimeter-Wave MultiBeam Aperture-Coupled Magnetoelectric Dipole Array With Planar Substrate Integrated Beamforming Network for 5G Applications

A modified topology of the 2-D multibeam antenna array fed by a passive beamforming network (BFN) is proposed by introducing two sets of vertical interconnections into the conventional array configuration. Different from the traditional design, the new array structure can be integrated into multilayered planar substrates conveniently, which has advantages of low loss characteristics, ease of realization, and low fabrication cost for millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications. A  $4\times4$  multibeam antenna array that can generate 16 beams is then designed, fabricated, and measured in order to demonstrate the correctness of the proposed topology. As the crucial components of the design, two kinds of aperture-coupled magnetoelectric dipole antenna elements with multilayered feed structures and three types of vertical interconnections consisting of the vertical substrate integrated waveguides are investigated, respectively. Wide bandwidth of 16.4%, stable radiation beams, and gain up to 14.7 dBi are achieved by the fabricated prototype. The proposed array configuration provides a new mean to implement the relatively large size 2-D multibeam antenna arrays with planar passive BFNs, which would be attractive for future mmWave wireless systems used for 5G communications and other applications.
UML CLASS DIAGRAM OR ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM? AN OBJECT-RELATIONAL CONCEPTUAL IMPEDANCE MISMATCH

It is now nearly 30 years since Peter Chen’s watershed paper “The Entity-Relationship Model – towards a Unified View of Data”. [1] The entity relationship model and variations and extensions to it have been taught in colleges and universities for many years. In his original paper Peter Chen looked at converting his new ER model to the then existing data structure diagrams for the Network model. In recent years there has been a tendency to use a Unified Modelling Language (UML) class diagram for conceptual modeling for relational databases, and several popular course text books use UML notation to some degree [2] [3]. However Object and Relational technology are based on different paradigms. In the paper we argue that the UML class diagram is more of a logical model (implementation specific). ER Diagrams on the other hand, are at a conceptual level of database design dealing with the main items and their relationships and not with implementation specific detail. UML focuses on OOAD (Object Oriented Analysis and Design) and is navigational and program dependent whereas the relational model is set based and exhibits data independence. The ER model provides a well-established set of mapping rules for mapping to a relational model. In this paper we look specifically at the areas which can cause problems for the novice database designer due to this conceptual mismatch of two different paradigms. Firstly, transferring the mapping of a weak entity from an Entity Relationship model to UML and secondly the representation of structural constraints between objects. We look at the mixture of notations which students mistakenly use when modeling. This is often the result of different notations being used on different courses throughout their degree. Several of the popular text books at the moment use either a variation of ER, UML, or both for teaching database modeling. At the moment if a student picks up a text book they could be faced with either; one of the many ER variations, UML, UML and a variation of ER both covered separately, or UML and ER merged together. We regard this problem as a conceptual impedance mismatch. This problem is documented in [21] who have produced a catalogue of impedance mismatch problems between object-relational and relational paradigms. We regard the problems of using UML class diagrams for relational database design as a conceptual impedance mismatch as the Entity Relationship model does not have the structures in the model to deal with Object Oriented concepts
On visual similarity based 2D drawing retrieval

A large amount of 2D drawings have been produced in engineering fields. To reuse and share the available drawings efficiently, we propose two methods in this paper, namely 2.5D spherical harmonics transformation and 2D shape histogram, to retrieve 2D drawings by measuring their shape similarity. The first approach represents a drawing as a spherical function by transforming it from a 2D space into a 3D space. Then a fast spherical harmonics transformation is employed to get a rotation invariant descriptor. The second statistics-based approach represents the shape of a 2D drawing using a distance distribution between two randomly sampled points. To allow users to interactively emphasize certain local shapes that they are interested in, we have adopted a flexible sampling strategy by specifying a bias sampling density upon these local shapes. The two proposed methods have many valuable properties, including transform invariance, efficiency, and robustness. In addition, their insensitivity to noise allows for the user’s causal input, thus supporting a freehand sketch-based retrieval user interface. Experiments show that a better performance can be achieved by combining them together using weights. q 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Adaptive Markets Hypothesis Market efficiency from an evolutionary perspective

30TH ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 2004 THE JOURNAL OF PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT 15 The 30th anniversary of The Journal of Portfolio Management is a milestone in the rich intellectual history of modern finance, firmly establishing the relevance of quantitative models and scientific inquiry in the practice of financial management. One of the most enduring ideas from this intellectual history is the Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH), a deceptively simple notion that has become a lightning rod for its disciples and the proponents of behavioral economics and finance. In its purest form, the EMH obviates active portfolio management, calling into question the very motivation for portfolio research. It is only fitting that we revisit this groundbreaking idea after three very successful decades of this Journal. In this article, I review the current state of the controversy surrounding the EMH and propose a new perspective that reconciles the two opposing schools of thought. The proposed reconciliation, which I call the Adaptive Markets Hypothesis (AMH), is based on an evolutionary approach to economic interactions, as well as some recent research in the cognitive neurosciences that has been transforming and revitalizing the intersection of psychology and economics. Although some of these ideas have not yet been fully articulated within a rigorous quantitative framework, long time students of the EMH and seasoned practitioners will no doubt recognize immediately the possibilities generated by this new perspective. Only time will tell whether its potential will be fulfilled. I begin with a brief review of the classic version of the EMH, and then summarize the most significant criticisms leveled against it by psychologists and behavioral economists. I argue that the sources of this controversy can ANDREW W. LO is Harris & Harris Group Professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management, and chief scientific officer at AlphaSimplex Group, LLC, in Cambridge, MA. The Adaptive Markets Hypothesis
The distance function effect on k-nearest neighbor classification for medical datasets

INTRODUCTION
K-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classification is conventional non-parametric classifier, which has been used as the baseline classifier in many pattern classification problems. It is based on measuring the distances between the test data and each of the training data to decide the final classification output.


CASE DESCRIPTION
Since the Euclidean distance function is the most widely used distance metric in k-NN, no study examines the classification performance of k-NN by different distance functions, especially for various medical domain problems. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate whether the distance function can affect the k-NN performance over different medical datasets. Our experiments are based on three different types of medical datasets containing categorical, numerical, and mixed types of data and four different distance functions including Euclidean, cosine, Chi square, and Minkowsky are used during k-NN classification individually.


DISCUSSION AND EVALUATION
The experimental results show that using the Chi square distance function is the best choice for the three different types of datasets. However, using the cosine and Euclidean (and Minkowsky) distance function perform the worst over the mixed type of datasets.


CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, we demonstrate that the chosen distance function can affect the classification accuracy of the k-NN classifier. For the medical domain datasets including the categorical, numerical, and mixed types of data, K-NN based on the Chi square distance function performs the best.
Use of assistance and therapy dogs for children with autism spectrum disorders: a critical review of the current evidence.

BACKGROUND
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by deficits in social reciprocity and communication, and by unusually restricted, repetitive behaviors. Intervention strategies based on the exploitation of the emotional aspects of human-dog relationships hold the potential to overcome the difficulty of subjects with ASD to relate and interact effectively with others, targeting core symptoms of this disorder.


METHODS
This review summarizes the results of six published studies on the effects of brief interactions with dogs and the effects of introducing dogs in families with a child diagnosed with ASD, with an emphasis on social behaviors and language use. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects observed are discussed.


CONCLUSIONS
Although the studies described here are encouraging, further research with better designs and using larger samples is needed to strengthen translation of such interventions to the clinic. In addition, potential applications of analyzing child-dog interactions are highlighted to screen for early signs of the disorder.
Deformable Image Registration: A Survey

Deformable image registration is a fundamental task in medical image processing. Among its most important applications, one may cite: i) multi-modality fusion, where information acquired by di erent imaging devices or protocols is fused to facilitate diagnosis and treatment planning; ii) longitudinal studies, where the development of phenomenon is studied over time; and iii) population modeling towards studying normal anatomical variability. In this research report, we attempt to give an overview of the deformable registration methods, putting emphasis on the most recent advances in the domain. Additional emphasis has been given to techniques applied to medical images. In order to study in depth image registration methods, their main components are identi ed and then studied independently. The most recent techniques are presented in a principled fashion. Key-words: Deformable registration, bibliographical review ∗ Center for Visual Computing, Department of Applied Mathematics, Ecole Centrale de Paris, Equipe GALEN, INRIA Saclay Étude Bibliographique sur le Recalage Déformable d'Images Résumé : Le recalage déformable d'images est une des tâches les plus fondamentales dans l'imagerie médicale. Parmi ses applications les plus importantes, on compte: i) la fusion d' information provenant des di érents types de modalités a n de faciliter le diagnostic et la plani cation du traitement; ii) les études longitudinales, oú le d'eveloppement d'un phénomène est etudié en fonction du temps; et iii) la modélisation de la variabilité anatomique normale d'une population. Dans ce rapport de recherche, nous essayons de donner un aperçu des di érentes méthodes du recalage déformables, en mettant l'accent sur les avancées les plus récentes du domaine. Nous avons particuliérement insisté sur les techniques appliquées aux images médicales. A n d'étudier en profondeur les méthodes du recalage d'images, leurs composants principales sont d'abord identi és puis étudiées de manière indeépendante, les techniques les plus récentes étant classi ées en suivant un schéma logique déterminé. Mots-clés : recalage déformable, étude bibliographique Deformable Image Registration: A Survey 3
Tools to support systematic reviews in software engineering: a cross-domain survey using semi-structured interviews

Background: A number of software tools are being developed to support systematic reviewers within the software engineering domain. However, at present, we are not sure which aspects of the review process can most usefully be supported by such tools or what characteristics of the tools are most important to reviewers. Aim: The aim of the study is to explore the scope and practice of tool support for systematic reviewers in other disciplines. Method: Researchers with experience of performing systematic reviews in Healthcare and the Social Sciences were surveyed. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews and data analysis followed an inductive approach. Results: 13 interviews were carried out. 21 software tools categorised into one of seven types were identified. Reference managers were the most commonly mentioned tools. Features considered particularly important by participants were support for multiple users, support for data extraction and support for tool maintenance. The features and importance levels identified by participants were compared with those proposed for tools to support systematic reviews in software engineering. Conclusions: Many problems faced by systematic reviewers in other disciplines are similar to those faced in software engineering. There is general consensus across domains that improved tools are needed.
Trust in school : a pathway to inhibit teacher burnout ?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider trust as an important relational source in schools by exploring whether trust lowers teacher burnout. The authors examine how trust relationships with different school parties such as the principal relate to distinct dimensions of teacher burnout. The authors further analyze whether school-level trust additionally influences burnout. In doing this, the authors account for other teacher and school characteristics. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use quantitative data gathered during the 2008-2009 school year from 673 teachers across 58 elementary schools in Flanders (i.e. the northern Dutch-speaking region of Belgium). Because teacher and school characteristics are simultaneously related to burnout, multilevel modeling is applied. Findings – Trust can act as a buffer against teacher burnout. Teachers’ trust in students demonstrates the strongest association with burnout compared to trust in principals or colleagues. Exploring relationships of trust in distinct school parties with different burnout dimensions yield interesting additional insights such as the specific importance of teacher-principal trust for teachers’ emotional exhaustion. Burnout is further an individual teacher matter to which school-level factors are mainly unrelated. Research limitations/implications – Principals fulfill an important role in inhibiting emotional exhaustion among teachers. They are advised to create a school atmosphere that is conducive for different kinds of trust relationships to develop. Actions to strengthen trust and inhibit teacher burnout are necessary, although further qualitative and longitudinal research is desirable. Originality/value – This paper offers a unique contribution by examining trust in different school parties as a relational buffer against teacher burnout. It indicates that principals can affect teacher burnout and prevent emotional exhaustion by nurturing trusting relationships in school.
An experimental investigation of model-based parameter optimisation: SPO and beyond

This work experimentally investigates model-based approaches for optimising the performance of parameterised randomised algorithms. We restrict our attention to procedures based on Gaussian process models, the most widely-studied family of models for this problem. We evaluated two approaches from the literature, and found that sequential parameter optimisation (SPO) [4] offered the most robust performance. We then investigated key design decisions within the SPO paradigm, characterising the performance consequences of each. Based on these findings, we propose a new version of SPO, dubbed SPO+, which extends SPO with a novel intensification procedure and log-transformed response values. Finally, in a domain for which performance results for other (model-free) parameter optimisation approaches are available, we demonstrate that SPO+ achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Defects of the nose, lip, and cheek: rebuilding the composite defect.

BACKGROUND
The face can be divided into regions (units) with characteristic skin quality, border outline, and three-dimensional contour. A defect may lie entirely within a single major unit or encompass several adjacent units, creating unique problems for repair. Composite defects overlap two or more facial units. Nasal defects often extend into the adjacent lip and cheek. The simplest solution may appear to be to simply "fill the hole"--just replace the missing bulk. Poor contour, incorrect dimension, malposition, asymmetry, poor blending into adjacent normal tissues, and a patch-like repair often follow.


METHODS
The following principles of regional unit repair were applied to guide these complex reconstructions: (1) reconstruct units, not defects; (2) alter the wound in site, size, shape, and depth; (3) consider using separate grafts and flaps for each unit and subunit, if appropriate; (4) use "like" tissue for "like" tissue; (5) restore a stable platform; (6) build in stages; (7) use distant tissue for "invisible" needs and local skin for resurfacing; and (8) disregard old scars.


RESULTS
Clinical cases of increasing composite complexity were repaired with local, regional, and distant tissues. Excellent aesthetics and function were obtained.


CONCLUSIONS
Careful visual analysis of the normal face and the defect can direct the choice, timing, and technique of facial repair. Regional unit principles provide a coordinated approach to the vision, planning, and fabrication of these difficult wounds. The entire repair should be intellectually planned, designed step by step, and laid out in a series of coordinated steps, with general principles applied to successfully repair composite defects of the nose, lip, and cheek.
Nasal Duplication Combined with Cleft Lip and Palate: Surgical Correction and Long-Term Follow-Up

Background
Diprosopus dirrhinus, or nasal duplication, is a rare entity of partial craniofacial duplication.


Methods
The case we present is the first report of diprosopus dirrhinus associated with complete cleft lip and palate. The baby was born in Cambodia at full term by normal vaginal delivery with no significant perinatal and family history. Physical examination revealed significant facial deformity due to the duplicated nose and the left complete cleft lip/palate on the right subset.


Results
There were 4 nostrils; both medial apertures including the cleft site were found to be 10-15 mm deep cul-de-sac structures without communication to the nasopharynx. The upper third of the face was notable for hypertelorism with a duplication of the soft-tissue nasion and glabella. Between the 2 nasal dorsums, there was a small cutaneous depression with a lacrimal fistula in the midline. Surgical treatment included the first stage of primary lip and nose repair and the second stage of palatoplasty.


Conclusions
The patient was followed up at the age of 10 years showing satisfactory results for both aesthetic and functional aspects. Further management in the future will be required for the hypertelorism and nasal deformity.