snu-aidas/HVMap-dataset huggingface dataset:
Focused Crawling: A New Approach to Topic-Specific Web Resource Discovery

The rapid growth of the World-Wide Web poses unprecedented scaling challenges for general-purpose crawlers and search engines. In this paper we describe a new hypertext resource discovery system called a Focused Crawler. The goal of a focused crawler is to selectively seek out pages that are relevant to a pre-defined set of topics. The topics are specified not using keywords, but using exemplary documents. Rather than collecting and indexing all accessible Web documents to be able to answer all possible ad-hoc queries, a focused crawler analyzes its crawl boundary to find the links that are likely to be most relevant for the crawl, and avoids irrelevant regions of the Web. This leads to significant savings in hardware and network resources, and helps keep the crawl more up-to-date. To achieve such goal-directed crawling, we designed two hypertext mining programs that guide our crawler: a classifier that evaluates the relevance of a hypertext document with respect to the focus topics, and a distiller that identifies hypertext nodes that are great access points to many relevant pages within a few links. We report on extensive focused-crawling experiments using several topics at different levels of specificity. Focused crawling acquires relevant pages steadily while standard crawling quickly loses its way, even though they are started from the same root set. Focused crawling is robust against large perturbations in the starting set of URLs. It discovers largely overlapping sets of resources in spite of these perturbations. It is also capable of exploring out and discovering valuable resources that are dozens of links away from the start set, while carefully pruning the millions of pages that may lie within this same radius. Our anecdotes suggest that focused crawling is very effective for building high-quality collections of Web documents on specific topics, using modest desktop hardware.  1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Application-specific slicing for MVNO and traffic characterization [Invited]

In this paper, we apply the concept of a software-defined data plane to defining new services for mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) to empower them with the capability of tailoring fine-grained subscription plans that can meet users' demands. For this purpose, we have recently proposed the concept of application-and/ or device-specific slicing that classifies application-and/or device-specific traffic into slices and introduced various applications of our proposed system [Optical Fiber Communication Conf. (OFC), 2016, paper Th3I.4]. This paper reports the prototype implementation of the proposal into a real MVNO connecting customized smartphones so we can identify applications/devices from the given traffic with 100% accuracy. We first characterize the traffic patterns of popular applications to build a detailed understanding of how network resources are utilized for real users and applications and what their demands on different network resources are. Then, we classify traffic according to the devices and find that the flow characteristics of LTE RAN slices are very similar to those of 3G. We discover that most of the bandwidth is consumed by those flows with the duration of several hundreds of seconds, and the flow size is larger than 5 Mbytes in both LTE and 3G MVNO networks.
Dynamics simulation toolbox for industrial robot manipulators

A new robot toolbox for dynamics simulation based on MATLAB Graphical User Interface (GUI) is developed for educational purposes. It is built on the previous version named as ROBOLAB performing only the kinematics analysis of robot manipulators. The toolbox presented in this paper provides interactive real-time simulation and visualization of the industrial robot manipulator’s dynamics based on Langrange Euler and Newton Euler formulations. Since most of the industrial robot manipulators are produced with six degrees of freedom (DOF) such as the PUMA 560, the Fanuc ArcMate 120iB and Stanford Arm, the library of the toolbox includes sixteen fundamental 6-DOF robot manipulators with Euler wrist. The software can be used to interactively perform robotics analysis and off-line programming of robot dynamics such as forward and inverse dynamics as well as to interactively teach and simulate the basic principles of robot dynamics in a very realistic way. In order to demonstrate the user-friendly features of the toolbox much better, simulation of the NS robot manipulator (Stanford Arm) is provided as an example. 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 319 330, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20262
Is endoscopic polypectomy an adequate therapy for malignant colorectal adenomas? Presentation of 114 patients and review of the literature.

PURPOSE
This study was designed to evaluate the outcome of endoscopic polypectomy of malignant polyps with and without subsequent surgery based on histologic criteria.


METHODS
Consecutive patients with invasive carcinoma in colorectal polyps endoscopically removed between 1985 and 1996 were retrospectively studied. Patients with complete resection, grading G1 or G2, and absence of vascular invasion were classified as "low risk." The other patients were classified "high risk." Available literature was reviewed by applying similar classification criteria.


RESULTS
A total of 114 patients (59 males; median age, 70 (range, 20-92) years) were included. Median polyp size was 2.5 (0.4-10) cm. After polypectomy, of 54 patients with low-risk malignant polyps, 13 died of unrelated causes after a median of 76 months, 5 had no residual tumor at surgery, and 33 were alive and well during a median follow-up of 69 (range, 9-169) months. Of 60 patients with high-risk malignant polyps, 52 had surgery (residual carcinoma 27 percent). Five of eight patients not operated had an uneventful follow-up of median 57 (range, 47-129) months. Patients in the high-risk group were significantly more likely to have an adverse outcome than those in the low-risk group (P < 0.0001). Review of 20 studies including 1,220 patients with malignant polyps revealed no patient with low-risk criteria with an adverse outcome.


CONCLUSIONS
For patients with low-risk malignant polyps, endoscopic polypectomy alone seems to be adequate. In high-risk patients, the risk of adverse outcome should be weighed against the risk of surgery.
A scoping review of scoping reviews: advancing the approach and enhancing the consistency

BACKGROUND
The scoping review has become an increasingly popular approach for synthesizing research evidence. It is a relatively new approach for which a universal study definition or definitive procedure has not been established. The purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of scoping reviews in the literature.


METHODS
A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. A search was conducted in four bibliographic databases and the gray literature to identify scoping review studies. Review selection and characterization were performed by two independent reviewers using pretested forms.


RESULTS
The search identified 344 scoping reviews published from 1999 to October 2012. The reviews varied in terms of purpose, methodology, and detail of reporting. Nearly three-quarter of reviews (74.1%) addressed a health topic. Study completion times varied from 2 weeks to 20 months, and 51% utilized a published methodological framework. Quality assessment of included studies was infrequently performed (22.38%).


CONCLUSIONS
Scoping reviews are a relatively new but increasingly common approach for mapping broad topics. Because of variability in their conduct, there is a need for their methodological standardization to ensure the utility and strength of evidence.
Analyzing hidden populations online: topic, emotion, and social network of HIV-related users in the largest Chinese online community

BACKGROUND
Traditional survey methods are limited in the study of hidden populations due to the hard to access properties, including lack of a sampling frame, sensitivity issue, reporting error, small sample size, etc. The rapid increase of online communities, of which members interact with others via the Internet, have generated large amounts of data, offering new opportunities for understanding hidden populations with unprecedented sample sizes and richness of information. In this study, we try to understand the multidimensional characteristics of a hidden population by analyzing the massive data generated in the online community.


METHODS
By elaborately designing crawlers, we retrieved a complete dataset from the "HIV bar," the largest bar related to HIV on the Baidu Tieba platform, for all records from January 2005 to August 2016. Through natural language processing and social network analysis, we explored the psychology, behavior and demand of online HIV population and examined the network community structure.


RESULTS
In HIV communities, the average topic similarity among members is positively correlated to network efficiency (r = 0.70, p < 0.001), indicating that the closer the social distance between members of the community, the more similar their topics. The proportion of negative users in each community is around 60%, weakly correlated with community size (r = 0.25, p = 0.002). It is found that users suspecting initial HIV infection or first in contact with high-risk behaviors tend to seek help and advice on the social networking platform, rather than immediately going to a hospital for blood tests.


CONCLUSIONS
Online communities have generated copious amounts of data offering new opportunities for understanding hidden populations with unprecedented sample sizes and richness of information. It is recommended that support through online services for HIV/AIDS consultation and diagnosis be improved to avoid privacy concerns and social discrimination in China.
Empathy and social functioning in late adulthood.

OBJECTIVES
Both cognitive and affective empathy are regarded as essential prerequisites for successful social functioning, and recent studies have suggested that cognitive, but not affective, empathy may be adversely affected as a consequence of normal adult aging. This decline in cognitive empathy is of concern, as older adults are particularly susceptible to the negative physical and mental health consequences of loneliness and social isolation.


METHOD
The present study compared younger (N = 80) and older (N = 49) adults on measures of cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and social functioning.


RESULTS
Whilst older adults' self-reported and performance-based cognitive empathy was significantly reduced relative to younger adults, there were no age-related differences in affective empathy. Older adults also reported involvement in significantly fewer social activities than younger adults, and cognitive empathy functioned as a partial mediator of this relationship.


CONCLUSION
These findings are consistent with theoretical models that regard cognitive empathy as an essential prerequisite for good interpersonal functioning. However, the cross-sectional nature of the study leaves open the question of causality for future studies.
Study of the therapeutic effects of a hippotherapy simulator in children with cerebral palsy: a stratified single-blind randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether hippotherapy (when applied by a simulator) improves postural control and balance in children with cerebral palsy.


DESIGN
Stratified single-blind randomized controlled trial with an independent assessor. Stratification was made by gross motor function classification system levels, and allocation was concealed.


SUBJECTS
Children between 4 and 18 years old with cerebral palsy.


INTERVENTIONS
Participants were randomized to an intervention (simulator ON) or control (simulator OFF) group after getting informed consent. Treatment was provided once a week (15 minutes) for 10 weeks.


MAIN MEASURES
Gross Motor Function Measure (dimension B for balance and the Total Score) and Sitting Assessment Scale were carried out at baseline (prior to randomization), end of intervention and 12 weeks after completing the intervention.


RESULTS
Thirty-eight children participated. The groups were balanced at baseline. Sitting balance (measured by dimension B of the Gross Motor Function Measure) improved significantly in the treatment group (effect size = 0.36; 95% CI 0.01-0.71) and the effect size was greater in the severely disabled group (effect size = 0.80; 95% CI 0.13-1.47). The improvements in sitting balance were not maintained over the follow-up period. Changes in the total score of the Gross Motor Function Measure and the Sitting Assessment Scale were not significant.


CONCLUSION
Hippotherapy with a simulator can improve sitting balance in cerebral palsy children who have higher levels of disability. However, this did not lead to a change in the overall function of these children (Gross Motor Function Classification System level V).
Insights from Price's equation into evolutionary epidemiology

The basic reproduction number, denoted by R0, is one of the most important quantities in epidemiological theory ([11], [23]). It is defined as the expected number of new infections generated by an infected individual in an otherwise wholly susceptible population ([2], [12], [23]). Part of the reason why R0 plays such a central role in this body of theory undoubtedly stems from its relatively simple and intuitively sensible interpretation as a measure of pathogen reproduction. If R0 is less than unity then we expect the pathogen to die out since each infected individual fails to generate at least one other infection during the lifetime of the infection. Given that R0 is a measure of pathogen reproductive success, it is not surprising that this quantity has also come to form the basis of most evolutionary considerations of host-pathogen interactions ([1], [18]). For example, mathematical models for numerous epidemiological settings have been used to demonstrate that natural selection is often expected to favour the pathogen strain that results in the largest value of R0 ([6], [18]). In more complex epidemiological settings such optimization criteria typically cannot be derived and instead a game-theoretic approach is taken ([5]). In this context a measure of the fitness of a rare mutant pathogen strain is used to characterize the evolutionarily stable strain (i.e., the strain that, if present within the population in sufficient numbers, cannot be displaced by any mutant strain that arises). Typically R0 again plays a central role as the measure of mutant fitness in such invasion analyses ([10], [18], [30]). In this chapter we consider an alternative approach for developing theory in evolutionary epidemiology. Rather than using the total number of new infections generated by an infected individual (i.e., R0) as a measure of pathogen fitness we use the instantaneous rate of change of the number of infected hosts instead (see also [3], [18]). This shifts the focus from a consideration of pathogen reproductive success per generation to pathogen reproductive success per unit time. One very useful result of this change in focus is that we can then model the time dynamics of evolutionary change in the pathogen population simultaneously with the epidemiological dynamics, rather than simply characterizing the evolutionary equilibria that are expected. Even more importantly, however, this seemingly slight change
How Alluring Are Dark Personalities ? The Dark Triad and Attractiveness in Speed Dating

Copy Abstract: Dark Triad traits (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) are linked to the pursuit of short-term mating strategies, but they may have differential effects on actual mating success in naturalistic scenarios: Narcissism may be a facilitator for men’s short-term mating success, while Machiavellianism and psychopathy may be detrimental. To date, little is known about the attractiveness of Dark Triad traits in women. In a speed-dating study, we assessed participants’ Dark Triad traits, Big Five personality traits, and physical attractiveness in N=90 heterosexual individuals (46 women and 44 men). Each participant rated each partner’s mate appeal for shortand long-term relationships. Across both sexes, narcissism was positively associated with mate appeal for shortand long-term relationships. Further analyses indicated that these associations were due to the shared variance among narcissism and extraversion in men and narcissism and physical attractiveness in women, respectively. In women, psychopathy was also positively associated with mate appeal for short-term relationships. Regarding mating preferences, narcissism was found to involve greater choosiness in the rating of others’ mate appeal (but not actual choices) in men, while psychopathy was associated with greater openness towards short-term relationships in women. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology
Span, CRUNCH, and Beyond: Working Memory Capacity and the Aging Brain

Neuroimaging data emphasize that older adults often show greater extent of brain activation than younger adults for similar objective levels of difficulty. A possible interpretation of this finding is that older adults need to recruit neuronal resources at lower loads than younger adults, leaving no resources for higher loads, and thus leading to performance decrements [Compensation-Related Utilization of Neural Circuits Hypothesis; e.g., Reuter-Lorenz, P. A., & Cappell, K. A. Neurocognitive aging and the compensation hypothesis. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 177–182, 2008]. The Compensation-Related Utilization of Neural Circuits Hypothesis leads to the prediction that activation differences between younger and older adults should disappear when task difficulty is made subjectively comparable. In a Sternberg memory search task, this can be achieved by assessing brain activity as a function of load relative to the individual's memory span, which declines with age. Specifically, we hypothesized a nonlinear relationship between load and both performance and brain activity and predicted that asymptotes in the brain activation function should correlate with performance asymptotes (corresponding to working memory span). The results suggest that age differences in brain activation can be largely attributed to individual variations in working memory span. Interestingly, the brain activation data show a sigmoid relationship with load. Results are discussed in terms of Cowan's [Cowan, N. The magical number 4 in short-term memory: A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 87–114, 2001] model of working memory and theories of impaired inhibitory processes in aging.
Recent advances on active noise control : open issues and innovative applications

Yoshinobu Kajikawa, Woon­Seng Gan and Sen M. Kuo APSIPA Transactions on Signal and Information Processing / Volume 1 / August 2012 / e3 DOI: 10.1017/ATSIP.2012.4, Published online: Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S2048770312000042 How to cite this article: Yoshinobu Kajikawa, Woon­Seng Gan and Sen M. Kuo (2012). Recent advances on active noise control: open issues and innovative applications. APSIPA Transactions on Signal and Information Processing,1, e3 doi:10.1017/ATSIP.2012.4 Request Permissions : Click here
The role of debriefing in simulation-based learning.

The aim of this paper is to critically review what is felt to be important about the role of debriefing in the field of simulation-based learning, how it has come about and developed over time, and the different styles or approaches that are used and how effective the process is. A recent systematic review of high fidelity simulation literature identified feedback (including debriefing) as the most important feature of simulation-based medical education.1 Despite this, there are surprisingly few papers in the peer-reviewed literature to illustrate how to debrief, how to teach or learn to debrief, what methods of debriefing exist and how effective they are at achieving learning objectives and goals. This review is by no means a systematic review of all the literature available on debriefing, and contains information from both peer and nonpeer reviewed sources such as meeting abstracts and presentations from within the medical field and other disciplines versed in the practice of debriefing such as military, psychology, and business. It also contains many examples of what expert facilitators have learned over years of practice in the area. We feel this would be of interest to novices in the field as an introduction to debriefing, and to experts to illustrate the gaps that currently exist, which might be addressed in further research within the medical simulation community and in collaborative ventures between other disciplines experienced in the art of debriefing.
Effectiveness of Chinese massage therapy (Tui Na) for chronic low back pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND
Low back pain is a common, disabling musculoskeletal disorder in both developing and developed countries. Although often recommended, the potential efficacy of massage therapy in general, and Chinese massage (tuina) in particular, for relief of chronic low back pain (CLBP) has not been fully established due to inadequate sample sizes, low methodological quality, and subclinical dosing regimens of trials to date. Thus, the purpose of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of tuina massage therapy versus conventional analgesics for CLBP.


METHODS/DESIGN
The present study is a single center, two-arm, open-label RCT. A total of 150 eligible CLBP patients will be randomly assigned to either a tuina treatment group or a conventional drug control group in a 1:1 ratio. Patients in the tuina group receive a 20 minutes, 4-step treatment protocol which includes both structural and relaxation massage, administered in 20 sessions over a period of 4 weeks. Patients in the conventional drug control group are instructed to take a specific daily dose of ibuprofen. The primary outcome measure is the change from baseline back pain and function, measured by Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, at two months. Secondary outcome measures include the visual analogue scale, Japanese orthopedic association score (JOAS), and McGill pain questionnaire.


DISCUSSION
The design and methodological rigor of this trial will allow for collection of valuable data to evaluate the efficacy of a specific tuina protocol for treating CLBP. This trial will therefore contribute to providing a solid foundation for clinical treatment of CLBP, as well as future research in massage therapy.


TRIAL REGISTRATION
This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov of the National Institute of Health on 22 October 2013 (http://NCT01973010).