snu-aidas/HVMap-dataset huggingface dataset:
Measuring and predicting software productivity: A systematic map and review

0950-5849/$ see front matter 2010 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.infsof.2010.12.001 ⇑ Address: School of Computing, Blekinge Institute 372 25, Sweden. E-mail addresses: kai.petersen@bth.se, kai.petersen URLs: http://www.bth.se/besq, http://www.ericsso Context: Software productivity measurement is essential in order to control and improve the performance of software development. For example, by identifying role models (e.g. projects, individuals, tasks) when comparing productivity data. The prediction is of relevance to determine whether corrective actions are needed, and to discover which alternative improvement action would yield the best results. Objective: In this study we identify studies for software productivity prediction and measurement. Based on the identified studies we first create a classification scheme and map the studies into the scheme (systematic map). Thereafter, a detailed analysis and synthesis of the studies is conducted. Method: As a research method for systematically identifying and aggregating the evidence of productivity measurement and prediction approaches systematic mapping and systematic review have been used. Results: In total 38 studies have been identified, resulting in a classification scheme for empirical research on software productivity. The mapping allowed to identify the rigor of the evidence with respect to the different productivity approaches. In the detailed analysis the results were tabulated and synthesized to provide recommendations to practitioners. Conclusion: Risks with simple ratio-based measurement approaches were shown. In response to the problems data envelopment analysis seems to be a strong approach to capture multivariate productivity measures, and allows to identify reference projects to which inefficient projects should be compared. Regarding simulation no general prediction model can be identified. Simulation and statistical process control are promising methods for software productivity prediction. Overall, further evidence is needed to make stronger claims and recommendations. In particular, the discussion of validity threats should become standard, and models need to be compared with each other. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Critical Success Factors for Effective ICT Governance in Malaysian Public Sector : A Delphi Study

The fundamental issues in ICT Governance (ICTG) implementation for Malaysian Public Sector (MPS) is how ICT be applied to support improvements in productivity, management effectiveness and the quality of services offered to its citizens. Our main concern is to develop and adopt a common definition and framework to illustrate how ICTG can be used to better align ICT with government’s operations and strategic focus. In particular, we want to identify and categorize factors that drive a successful ICTG process. This paper presents the results of an exploratory study to identify, validate and refine such Critical Success Factors (CSFs) and confirmed seven CSFs and nineteen sub-factors as influential factors that fit MPS after further validated and refined. The Delphi method applied in validation and refining process before being endorsed as appropriate for MPS. The identified CSFs reflect the focus areas that need to be considered strategically to strengthen ICT Governance implementation and ensure business success. Keywords—IT Governance, Critical Success Factors.
A systematic literature review of nurse shortage and the intention to leave.

AIM
To present the findings of a literature review regarding nurses' intention to leave their employment or the profession.


BACKGROUND
The nursing shortage is a problem that is being experienced worldwide. It is a problem that, left unresolved, could have a serious impact on the provision of quality health care. Understanding the reasons why nurses leave their employment or the profession is imperative if efforts to increase retention are to be successful.


EVALUATION
Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify English research reports about nurses' intention to leave their employment or the profession. Key results concerning the issue were extracted and synthesized.


KEY ISSUES
The diversified measurement instruments, samples and levels of intention to leave caused difficulties in the attempt to compare or synthesize findings. The factors influencing nurses' intention to leave were identified and categorized into organizational and individual factors.


CONCLUSIONS
The reasons that trigger nurses' intention to leave are complex and are influenced by organizational and individual factors. Further studies should be conducted to investigate how external factors such as job opportunities correlate with nurses' intention to leave.


IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
The review provides insight that can be useful in designing and implementing strategies to maintain a sustainable workforce in nursing.
A model for play-based intervention for children with ADHD.

BACKGROUND/AIM
The importance of play in the social development of children is undisputed. Even though children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience serious social problems, there is limited research on their play. By integrating literature on ADHD with literature on play, we can postulate how play is influenced by the characteristics of ADHD. These postulations enabled us to propose a theoretical model (proposed model) to depict the interactive process between the characteristics of ADHD and factors that promote play. This paper presents the revised model and principles for intervention based on the results of a study investigating the play of children with ADHD (reported elsewhere).


METHODS
We tested the proposed model in a study comparing two groups of children (n = 350) between the ages of 5 and 11 years. One group consisted of children diagnosed with ADHD (n = 112) paired with playmates (n = 112) who were typically developing; the control group consisted of typically developing children paired with typically developing playmates (n = 126). The Test of Playfulness was administered, and the model was revised in line with the findings.


RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest difficulties in the social play and lack of interpersonal empathy in the play of children with ADHD. We draw on the revised model to propose preliminary principles for play-based interventions for children with ADHD. The principles emphasise the importance of capturing the motivation of children with ADHD, counteracting the effects of lack of interpersonal empathy, and considerations for including playmates in the intervention process.
Fetal left brachiocephalic vein in normal and abnormal conditions.

OBJECTIVES
To establish values of fetal left brachiocephalic vein (LBCV) dimensions during normal pregnancy and determine whether routine assessment of the LBCV may help in identifying fetuses with congenital abnormalities of this vessel.


METHODS
Fetal LBCV was assessed prospectively during ultrasound examinations in 431 normal singleton pregnancies. The visualization rate of the transverse view of the upper fetal chest at the level of drainage of the LBCV into the superior vena cava (SVC) by two-dimensional (2D) and 2D plus color Doppler ultrasound was evaluated. Reference ranges of LBCV diameter during non-complicated pregnancies were established. Interobserver and intraobserver measurement variability was analyzed. In addition, a retrospective review of the hospital medical records of 91 pregnancies with fetuses diagnosed with LBCV abnormalities was performed.


RESULTS
Sonographic assessment of the fetal LBCV was consistently achieved in the second and third trimesters and in some fetuses in the first trimester of pregnancy. In normal fetuses LBCV diameter increased significantly throughout pregnancy, with a mean value of 0.7 mm at 11 weeks and 4.9 mm at term. Dilation of the fetal LBCV was noted in five cases of intracranial arteriovenous malformation and six cases of supracardiac type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Abnormal course of the LBCV was noted in 12 fetuses. In 63 fetuses with a persistent left SVC and a right SVC the LBCV was absent.


CONCLUSION
This is the first study describing an effective sonographic approach for the assessment of fetal LBCV dimensions during pregnancy. The normative data may provide an additional means of detecting rare anomalies of systemic and pulmonary veins during pregnancy.
Predicting function from sequence in venom peptide families

Toxins from animal venoms are small peptides that recognize specific molecular targets in the brains of prey or predators. Next generation sequencing has uncovered thousands of diverse toxin sequences, but the functions of these peptides are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the use of machine learning techniques on sequence-derived features enables high accuracy in the task of predicting a toxin’s functionality using only its amino acid sequence. Comparison of the performance of several learning algorithms in this prediction task demonstrates that both physiochemical properties of the amino acid residues in a sequence as well as noncontiguous sequence motifs can be used independently to model the sequence dependence of venom function. We rationalize the observed model performance using unsupervised learning and make broad predictions about the distribution of toxin functions in the venome. Keywords—Bioinformatics, machine learning, protein function prediction, venomics.
Bone graphs: Medial shape parsing and abstraction

1077-3142/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Inc. A doi:10.1016/j.cviu.2010.12.011 ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: dmac@cs.toronto.edu (D. Macrini) The recognition of 3-D objects from their silhouettes demands a shape representation which is stable with respect to minor changes in viewpoint and articulation. This can be achieved by parsing a silhouette into parts and relationships that do not change across similar object views. Medial descriptions, such as skeletons and shock graphs, provide part-based decompositions but suffer from instabilities. As a result, similar shapes may be represented by dissimilar part sets. We propose a novel shape parsing approach which is based on identifying and regularizing the ligature structure of a medial axis, leading to a bone graph, a medial abstraction which captures a more stable notion of an object’s parts. Our experiments show that it offers improved recognition and pose estimation performance in the presence of within-class deformation over the shock graph. 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Accidental displacement and migration of endosseous implants into 
adjacent craniofacial structures: A review and update

OBJECTIVES
Accidental displacement of endosseous implants into the maxillary sinus is an unusual but potential complication in implantology procedures due to the special features of the posterior aspect of the maxillary bone; there is also a possibility of migration throughout the upper paranasal sinuses and adjacent structures. The aim of this paper is to review the published literature about accidental displacement and migration of dental implants into the maxillary sinus and other adjacent structures.


STUDY DESIGN
A review has been done based on a search in the main on-line medical databases looking for papers about migration of dental implants published in major oral surgery, periodontal, dental implant and ear-nose-throat journals, using the keywords "implant," "migration," "complication," "foreign body" and "sinus."


RESULTS
24 articles showing displacement or migration to maxillary, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses, orbit and cranial fossae, with different degrees of associated symptoms, were identified. Techniques found to solve these clinical issues include Cadwell-Luc approach, transoral endoscopy approach via canine fossae and transnasal functional endoscopy surgery.


CONCLUSION
Before removing the foreign body, a correct diagnosis should be done in order to evaluate the functional status of the ostiomeatal complex and the degree of affectation of paranasal sinuses and other involved structures, determining the size and the exact location of the foreign body. After a complete diagnosis, an indicated procedure for every case would be decided.
Gender differences in the relationship between internet addiction and depression: A cross-lagged study in Chinese adolescents

The present study explored the role of gender in the association between Internet addiction and depression. Three-wave longitudinal panel data were collected from self-reported questionnaires that were completed by 1715 adolescents in grades 6e8 in China. Cross-lagged structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationship between Internet addiction and depression. In male adolescents, depression was found to significantly predict subsequent Internet addiction, suggesting that depression was the cause of Internet addiction and supporting the mood enhancement hypothesis. In female adolescents, Internet addiction was found to significantly predict subsequent depression, indicating that Internet addiction leads to depression and supporting the social displacement hypothesis. These results indicate that the relationship between Internet addiction and depression depended on gender. In addition, it was found that males and females exhibit different behavioral patterns and motivations of Internet usage. Males were more likely to use the Internet for pleasure and less likely to surf the Internet to search for information, compared with females. Although both males and females were prone to surfing the Internet alone, males were more likely to go online with friends compared with females. These findings suggest that gender-specific preventative and interventional strategies should be developed to reduce Internet addiction. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A Review of Scar Scales and Scar Measuring Devices

OBJECTIVE
Pathologic scarring affects millions of people worldwide. Quantitative and qualitative measurement modalities are needed to effectively evaluate and monitor treatments.


METHODS
This article reviews the literature on available tools and existent assessment scales used to subjectively and objectively characterize scar.


RESULTS
We describe the attributes and deficiencies of each tool and scale and highlight areas where further development is critical.


CONCLUSION
An optimal, universal scar scoring system is needed in order to better characterize, understand and treat pathologic scarring.
Risk management applied to software development projects in incubated technology-based companies : literature review , classification , and analysis Gestão
Algebraic Distance on Graphs

Measuring the connection strength between a pair of vertices in a graph is one of the most important concerns in many graph applications. Simple measures such as edge weights may not be sufficient for capturing the effects associated with short paths of lengths greater than one. In this paper, we consider an iterative process that smooths an associated value for nearby vertices, and we present a measure of the local connection strength (called the algebraic distance, see [25]) based on this process. The proposed measure is attractive in that the process is simple, linear, and easily parallelized. An analysis of the convergence property of the process reveals that the local neighborhoods play an important role in determining the connectivity between vertices. We demonstrate the practical effectiveness of the proposed measure through several combinatorial optimization problems on graphs and hypergraphs.
Pellet: An OWL DL Reasoner

Reasoning capability is of crucial importance to many applications developed for the Semantic Web. Description Logics provide sound and complete reasoning algorithms that can effectively handle the DL fragment of the Web Ontology Language (OWL). However, existing DL reasoners were implemented long before OWL came into existence and lack some features that are essential for Semantic Web applications, such as reasoning with individuals, querying capabilities, nominal support, elimination of the unique name assumption and so forth. With these objectives in mind we have implemented an OWL DL reasoner and deployed it in various kinds of applications.
Significant improvement in one-dimensional cursor control using Laplacian electroencephalography over electroencephalography.

OBJECTIVE
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) based on electroencephalography (EEG) have been shown to accurately detect mental activities, but the acquisition of high levels of control require extensive user training. Furthermore, EEG has low signal-to-noise ratio and low spatial resolution. The objective of the present study was to compare the accuracy between two types of BCIs during the first recording session. EEG and tripolar concentric ring electrode (TCRE) EEG (tEEG) brain signals were recorded and used to control one-dimensional cursor movements.


APPROACH
Eight human subjects were asked to imagine either 'left' or 'right' hand movement during one recording session to control the computer cursor using TCRE and disc electrodes.


MAIN RESULTS
The obtained results show a significant improvement in accuracies using TCREs (44%-100%) compared to disc electrodes (30%-86%).


SIGNIFICANCE
This study developed the first tEEG-based BCI system for real-time one-dimensional cursor movements and showed high accuracies with little training.
Object-Oriented Design Process Model

ion x x x x Relationship x x x x x
Camouflage of self-inflicted razor blade incision scars with carbon dioxide laser resurfacing and thin skin grafting.

BACKGROUND
Self-cutting using a razor blade is a type of self-mutilating behavior that leaves permanent and socially unacceptable scars with unique patterns, particularly on the upper extremities and anterior chest wall. These scars are easily recognized in the community and become a source of lifelong guilt, shame, and regret for the self-mutilators. In the presented clinical study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of carbon dioxide laser resurfacing and thin skin grafting in camouflaging self-inflicted razor blade incision scars.


METHODS
A total of 26 anatomical sites (11 upper arm, 11 forearm, and four anterior chest) of 16 white male patients, whose ages ranged from 20 to 41 years (mean, 23.8 years), were treated between February of 2001 and August of 2003. Detailed psychiatric evaluation preoperatively; informing the patient that the procedure is a "camouflage" operation; trimming hypertrophic scars down to intact skin level; intralesional corticosteroid injection to hypertrophic scars; carbon dioxide laser resurfacing as a single unit; thin (0.2 to 0.3 mm) skin grafting; compressive dressing for 15 days; use of tubular bandage; and protection from sunlight for at least 6 months constituted the key points of the procedure.


RESULTS
The scars were successfully camouflaged and converted to a socially acceptable appearance similar to a burn scar. Partial graft loss in one case and hyperpigmentation in another case were the complications. No new hypertrophic scar developed.


CONCLUSIONS
The carbon dioxide laser resurfacing and thin skin grafting method is effective in camouflaging self-inflicted razor blade incision scars.
Delayed enhancement of multitasking performance: Effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on the prefrontal cortex

BACKGROUND
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been proposed to play an important role in neural processes that underlie multitasking performance. However, this claim is underexplored in terms of direct causal evidence.


OBJECTIVE
The current study aimed to delineate the causal involvement of the DLPFC during multitasking by modulating neural activity with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) prior to engagement in a demanding multitasking paradigm.


METHODS
The study is a single-blind, crossover, sham-controlled experiment. Anodal tDCS or sham tDCS was applied over left DLPFC in forty-one healthy young adults (aged 18-35 years) immediately before they engaged in a 3-D video game designed to assess multitasking performance. Participants were separated into three subgroups: real-sham (i.e., real tDCS in the first session, followed by sham tDCS in the second session 1 h later), sham-real (sham tDCS first session, real tDCS second session), and sham-sham (sham tDCS in both sessions).


RESULTS
The real-sham group showed enhanced multitasking performance and decreased multitasking cost during the second session, compared to first session, suggesting delayed cognitive benefits of tDCS. Interestingly, performance benefits were observed only for multitasking and not on a single-task version of the game. No significant changes were found between the first and second sessions for either the sham-real or the sham-sham groups.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest a causal role of left prefrontal cortex in facilitating the simultaneous performance of more than one task, or multitasking. Moreover, these findings reveal that anodal tDCS may have delayed benefits that reflect an enhanced rate of learning.
Using Visual Text Mining to Support the Study Selection Activity in Systematic Literature Reviews

Background: A systematic literature review (SLR) is a methodology used to aggregate all relevant existing evidence to answer a research question of interest. Although crucial, the process used to select primary studies can be arduous, time consuming, and must often be conducted manually. Objective: We propose a novel approach, known as 'Systematic Literature Review based on Visual Text Mining' or simply SLR-VTM, to support the primary study selection activity using visual text mining (VTM) techniques. Method: We conducted a case study to compare the performance and effectiveness of four doctoral students in selecting primary studies manually and using the SLR-VTM approach. To enable the comparison, we also developed a VTM tool that implemented our approach. We hypothesized that students using SLR-VTM would present improved selection performance and effectiveness. Results: Our results show that incorporating VTM in the SLR study selection activity reduced the time spent in this activity and also increased the number of studies correctly included. Conclusions: Our pilot case study presents promising results suggesting that the use of VTM may indeed be beneficial during the study selection activity when performing an SLR.
Sustainable Passenger Transportation : Dynamic RideSharing

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