snu-aidas/HVMap-dataset huggingface dataset:
Sieve: Cryptographically Enforced Access Control for User Data in Untrusted Clouds

Modern web services rob users of low-level control over cloud storage; a user’s single logical data set is scattered across multiple storage silos whose access controls are set by the web services, not users. The result is that users lack the ultimate authority to determine how their data is shared with other web services. In this thesis, we introduce Sieve, a new architecture for selectively exposing user data to third party web services in a provably secure manner. Sieve starts with a user-centric storage model: each user uploads encrypted data to a single cloud store, and by default, only the user knows the decryption keys. Given this storage model, Sieve defines an infrastructure to support rich, legacy web applications. Using attribute-based encryption, Sieve allows users to define intuitive, understandable access policies that are cryptographically enforceable. Using key homomorphism, Sieve can re-encrypt user data on storage providers in situ, revoking decryption keys from web services without revealing new ones to the storage provider. Using secret sharing and two-factor authentication, Sieve protects against the loss of user devices like smartphones and laptops. The result is that users can enjoy rich, legacy web applications, while benefitting from cryptographically strong controls over what data the services can access. Thesis Supervisor: Nickolai Zeldovich Title: Associate Professor Thesis Supervisor: James Mickens Title: Associate Professor
Consumption of ultra-processed foods and likely impact on human health. Evidence from Canada.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate consumption of ultra-processed products in Canada and to assess their association with dietary quality.


DESIGN
Application of a classification of foodstuffs based on the nature, extent and purpose of food processing to data from a national household food budget survey. Foods are classified as unprocessed/minimally processed foods (Group 1), processed culinary ingredients (Group 2) or ultra-processed products (Group 3).


SETTING
All provinces and territories of Canada, 2001.


SUBJECTS
Households (n 5643).


RESULTS
Food purchases provided a mean per capita energy availability of 8908 (se 81) kJ/d (2129 (se 19) kcal/d). Over 61·7 % of dietary energy came from ultra-processed products (Group 3), 25·6 % from Group 1 and 12·7 % from Group 2. The overall diet exceeded WHO upper limits for fat, saturated fat, free sugars and Na density, with less fibre than recommended. It also exceeded the average energy density target of the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. Group 3 products taken together are more fatty, sugary, salty and energy-dense than a combination of Group 1 and Group 2 items. Only the 20 % lowest consumers of ultra-processed products (who consumed 33·2 % of energy from these products) were anywhere near reaching all nutrient goals for the prevention of obesity and chronic non-communicable diseases.


CONCLUSIONS
The 2001 Canadian diet was dominated by ultra-processed products. As a group, these products are unhealthy. The present analysis indicates that any substantial improvement of the diet would involve much lower consumption of ultra-processed products and much higher consumption of meals and dishes prepared from minimally processed foods and processed culinary ingredients.
Diagnostically relevant facial gestalt information from ordinary photos

Craniofacial characteristics are highly informative for clinical geneticists when diagnosing genetic diseases. As a first step towards the high-throughput diagnosis of ultra-rare developmental diseases we introduce an automatic approach that implements recent developments in computer vision. This algorithm extracts phenotypic information from ordinary non-clinical photographs and, using machine learning, models human facial dysmorphisms in a multidimensional 'Clinical Face Phenotype Space'. The space locates patients in the context of known syndromes and thereby facilitates the generation of diagnostic hypotheses. Consequently, the approach will aid clinicians by greatly narrowing (by 27.6-fold) the search space of potential diagnoses for patients with suspected developmental disorders. Furthermore, this Clinical Face Phenotype Space allows the clustering of patients by phenotype even when no known syndrome diagnosis exists, thereby aiding disease identification. We demonstrate that this approach provides a novel method for inferring causative genetic variants from clinical sequencing data through functional genetic pathway comparisons.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02020.001.
The effects of modern mathematics computer games on mathematics achievement and class motivation

This study examined the effects of a computer game on students' mathematics achievement and motivation, and the role of prior mathematics knowledge, computer skill, and English language skill on their achievement and motivation as they played the game. A total of 193 students and 10 teachers participated in this study. The teachers were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. A mixed method of quantitative and interviews were used with Multivariate Analysis of Co-Variance to analyze the data. The results indicated significant improvement of the achievement of the experimental versus control group. No significant improvement was found in the motivation of the groups. Students who played the games in their classrooms and school labs reported greater motivation compared to the ones who played the games only in the school labs. Prior knowledge, computer and English language skill did not play significant roles in achievement and motivation of the experimental group. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Low-rank matrix completion using alternating minimization

Alternating minimization represents a widely applicable and empirically successful approach for finding low-rank matrices that best fit the given data. For example, for the problem of low-rank matrix completion, this method is believed to be one of the most accurate and efficient, and formed a major component of the winning entry in the Netflix Challenge [17].
 In the alternating minimization approach, the low-rank target matrix is written in a bi-linear form, i.e. X = UV†; the algorithm then alternates between finding the best U and the best V. Typically, each alternating step in isolation is convex and tractable. However the overall problem becomes non-convex and is prone to local minima. In fact, there has been almost no theoretical understanding of when this approach yields a good result.
 In this paper we present one of the first theoretical analyses of the performance of alternating minimization for matrix completion, and the related problem of matrix sensing. For both these problems, celebrated recent results have shown that they become well-posed and tractable once certain (now standard) conditions are imposed on the problem. We show that alternating minimization also succeeds under similar conditions. Moreover, compared to existing results, our paper shows that alternating minimization guarantees faster (in particular, geometric) convergence to the true matrix, while allowing a significantly simpler analysis.
Teachers' perceptions of the barriers to technology integration and practices with technology under situated professional development

This case study examines 18 elementary school teachers’ perceptions of the barriers to technology integration (access, vision, professional development, time, and beliefs) and instructional practices with technology after two years of situated professional development. Months after transitioning from mentoring to teacher-led communities of practice, teachers continued to report positive perceptions of several barriers and were observed engaging in desirable instructional practices. Interviews suggest that the situated professional development activities helped create an environment that supported teachers’ decisions to integrate technology. Implications for teacher professional development and technology integration are discussed in conjunction with the strengths and limitations of the study. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Digital Facial Engraving

This contribution introduces the basic techniques for digital facial engraving, which imitates traditional copperplate engraving. Inspired by traditional techniques, we first establish a set of basic rules thanks to which separate engraving layers are built on the top of the original photo. Separate layers are merged according to simple merging rules and according to range shift/scale masks specially introduced for this purpose. We illustrate the introduced technique by a set of black/white and color engravings, showing different features such as engraving-specific image enhancements, mixing different regular engraving lines with mezzotint, irregular perturbations of engraving lines etc. We introduce the notion of engraving style which comprises a set of separate engraving layers together with a set of associated range shift/scale masks. The engraving style helps to port the look and feel of one engraving to another. Once different libraries of pre-defined mappable engraving styles and an appropriate user interface are added to the basic system, producing a decent gravure starting from a simple digital photo will be a matter of seconds. The engraving technique described in this contribution opens new perspectives for digital art, adding unprecedented power and precision to the engraver's work. 1. Rationale Engraving is among the most important traditional graphical techniques. It first appeared in the fifteenth century as an illustrative support for budding book-printing, but very quickly became an art in its own right, thanks to its specific expressive power. Actually, four main classes of engraving are used by artists: letterpress or relief printing, intaglio or in-hollow printing, silk screen process and lithography, with several different techniques in each class. The history of printmaking was punctuated by prosperous periods of techniques which later declined for various reasons. Facial engraving is one such example. Extremely popular in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, when photography did not exist, this wonderful art became almost unused, due to the extreme technical demands that it made on the engraver. Professional copperplate engravers are rare today, and the cost of true engravings is simply too prohibitive to be used in everyday printing. At the same time, traditional facial engraving has no doubt very specific appeal: its neat, sharp appearance distinguishes it advantageously from photos. To appreciate the graphical impact of engravings it's enough to compare the engraved portraits in the Wall Street Journal with portraits in other newspapers produced with traditional impersonal screening. Does it mean that this enjoyable art is condemned to disappear …
Predicting and analyzing secondary education placement-test scores: A data mining approach

Understanding the factors that lead to success (or failure) of students at placement tests is an interesting and challenging problem. Since the centralized placement tests and future academic achievements are considered to be related concepts, analysis of the success factors behind placement tests may help understand and potentially improve academic achievement. In this study using a large and feature rich dataset from Secondary Education Transition System in Turkey we developed models to predict secondary education placement test results, and using sensitivity analysis on those prediction models we identified the most important predictors. The results showed that C5 decision tree algorithm is the best predictor with 95% accuracy on hold-out sample, followed by support vector machines (with an accuracy of 91%) and artificial neural networks (with an accuracy of 89%). Logistic regression models came out to be the least accurate of the four with and overall accuracy of 82%. The sensitivity analysis revealed that previous test experience, whether a student has a scholarship, student’s number of siblings, previous years’ grade point average are among the most important predictors of the placement test scores. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Hate Source : White Supremacist Hate Groups and Hate Crime

The relationship between hate group activity and hate crime is theoretically ambiguous. Hate groups may incite criminal behavior in support of their beliefs. On the other hand, hate groups may reduce hate crime by serving as a forum for members to verbally vent their frustrations or as protection from future biased violence. I nd that the presence of an active white supremacist hate group chapter is associated with an 18.7 percent higher hate crime rate. White supremacist groups are not associated with the level of anti-white hate crimes committed by non-whites, nor do they form in expectation of future hate crimes by non-whites. JEL Codes: K14, J15, D71
Series No . 16 Profiting from Innovation in the Digital Economy : Standards , Complementary Assets , and Business Models In the Wireless World
Examining the Testing Effect with Open-and Closed-Book Tests

Two experiments examined the testing effect with open-book tests, in which students view notes and textbooks while taking the test, and closed-book tests, in which students take the test without viewing notes or textbooks. Subjects studied prose passages and then restudied or took an openor closed-book test. Taking either kind of test, with feedback, enhanced long-term retention relative to conditions in which subjects restudied material or took a test without feedback. Open-book testing led to better initial performance than closed-book testing, but this benefit did not persist and both types of testing produced equivalent retention on a delayed test. Subjects predicted they would recall more after repeated studying, even though testing enhanced long-term retention more than restudying. These experiments demonstrate that the testing effect occurs with both openand closedbook tests, and that subjects fail to predict the effectiveness of testing relative to studying in enhancing later recall. Copyright # 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
METAMEMORY : A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND NEW FINDINGS

Although there has been excellent research by many investigators on the topic of metamemory, here we will focus on our own research program. This article will begin with a description of a theoretical framework that has evolved out of metamemory research, followed by a few remarks about our methodology, and will end with a review of our previously unpublished findings. (Our published findings will not be systematically reviewed here; instead, they will be mentioned only when necessary for continuity .)
An ontology for clinical questions about the contents of patient notes

OBJECTIVE
Many studies have been completed on question classification in the open domain, however only limited work focuses on the medical domain. As well, to the best of our knowledge, most of these medical question classifications were designed for literature based question and answering systems. This paper focuses on a new direction, which is to design a novel question processing and classification model for answering clinical questions applied to electronic patient notes.


METHODS
There are four main steps in the work. Firstly, a relatively large set of clinical questions was collected from staff in an Intensive Care Unit. Then, a clinical question taxonomy was designed for question and answering purposes. Subsequently an annotation guideline was created and used to annotate the question set. Finally, a multilayer classification model was built to classify the clinical questions.


RESULTS
Through the initial classification experiments, we realized that the general features cannot contribute to high performance of a minimum classifier (a small data set with multiple classes). Thus, an automatic knowledge discovery and knowledge reuse process was designed to boost the performance by extracting and expanding the specific features of the questions. In the evaluation, the results show around 90% accuracy can be achieved in the answerable subclass classification and generic question templates classification. On the other hand, the machine learning method does not perform well at identifying the category of unanswerable questions, due to the asymmetric distribution.


CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, a comprehensive study on clinical questions has been completed. A major outcome of this work is the multilayer classification model. It serves as a major component of a patient records based clinical question and answering system as our studies continue. As well, the question collections can be reused by the research community to improve the efficiency of their own question and answering systems.
HyperUAS - Imaging Spectroscopy from a Multirotor Unmanned Aircraft System

One of the key advantages of a low-flying unmanned aircraft system (UAS) is its ability to acquire digital images at an ultrahigh spatial resolution of a few centimeters. Remote sensing of quantitative biochemical and biophysical characteristics of small-sized spatially fragmented vegetation canopies requires, however, not only high spatial, but also high spectral (i.e., hyperspectral) resolution. In this paper, we describe the design, development, airborne operations, calibration, processing, and interpretation of image data collected with a new hyperspectral unmanned aircraft system (HyperUAS). HyperUAS is a remotely controlled multirotor prototype carrying onboard a lightweight pushbroom spectroradiometer coupled with a dual frequency GPS and an inertial movement unit. The prototype was built to remotely acquire imaging spectroscopy data of 324 spectral bands (162 bands in a spectrally binned mode) with bandwidths between 4 and 5 nm at an ultrahigh spatial resolution of 2–5 cm. Three field airborne experiments, conducted over agricultural crops and over natural ecosystems of Antarctic mosses, proved operability of the system in standard field conditions, but also in a remote and harsh, low-temperature environment of East Antarctica. Experimental results demonstrate that HyperUAS is capable of delivering georeferenced maps of quantitative biochemical and biophysical variables of vegetation and of actual vegetation health state at an unprecedented spatial resolution of 5 cm. C © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Domestic violence and psychological well-being of survivor women in Punjab , Pakistan

Violence against women is becoming a very critical issue, especially domestic violence. Public health practitioners of developing countries over the years had been deeply concern with trying to study and mitigate the impact of this on female survivors. It is defined as a gender based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or mental harm /suffering to women, including threat of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life.1,2 Domestic violence is a global issue and commonly used to describe the “women abuse” those who suffer at the hands of their male partner, because wife abused by husband is the most common form of violence against women (e.g. wife beating, burning of women, acid throwing)3−6 and according to the American Medical Association domestic violence is perceived as a pattern of physical, sexual and/or psychological abuse by a person with whom the survivor had an intimate relationship.7−10 Domestic violence is also considered as an important cause of mortality and morbidity of women in every country where these associations have been studied.2 It is considered as an important cause of intentional injuries in women, which consequently reduce women’s confidence by decreasing their desire to participate fully in life.11−14 It occurs in almost all social and economic classes, races and religions in multiple patterns/trends however, not a single society could be declared free of this notion.15
The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine

In this paper, we present Google, a prototype of a large-scale search engine which makes heavy use of the structure present in hypertext. Google is designed to crawl and index the Web efficiently and produce much more satisfying search results than existing systems. The prototype with a full text and hyperlink database of at least 24 million pages is available at http://google.stanford.edu/ To engineer a search engine is a challenging task. Search engines index tens to hundreds of millions of web pages involving a comparable number of distinct terms. They answer tens of millions of queries every day. Despite the importance of large-scale search engines on the web, very little academic research has been done on them. Furthermore, due to rapid advance in technology and web proliferation, creating a web search engine today is very different from three years ago. This paper provides an in-depth description of our large-scale web search engine -the first such detailed public description we know of to date. Apart from the problems of scaling traditional search techniques to data of this magnitude, there are new technical challenges involved with using the additional information present in hypertext to produce better search results. This paper addresses this question of how to build a practical large-scale system which can exploit the additional information present in hypertext. Also we look at the problem of how to effectively deal with uncontrolled hypertext collections where anyone can publish anything they want.
Connecting and separating mind-sets: culture as situated cognition.

UNLABELLED
People perceive meaningful wholes and later separate out constituent parts (D. Navon, 1977). Yet there are cross-national differences in whether a focal target or integrated whole is first perceived. Rather than construe these differences as fixed, the proposed culture-as-situated-cognition model explains these differences as due to whether a collective or individual mind-set is cued at the moment of observation. Eight studies demonstrated that when cultural mind-set and task demands are congruent, easier tasks are accomplished more quickly and more difficult or time-constrained tasks are accomplished more accurately (


STUDY 1
Koreans, Korean Americans; STUDY 2: Hong Kong Chinese; STUDY 3: European- and Asian-heritage Americans; STUDY 4: Americans;


STUDY
5 Hong Kong Chinese; STUDY 6: Americans; STUDY 7: Norwegians; STUDY 8: African-, European-, and Asian-heritage Americans). Meta-analyses (d = .34) demonstrated homogeneous effects across geographic place (East-West), racial-ethnic group, task, and sensory mode-differences are cued in the moment. Contrast and separation are salient individual mind-set procedures, resulting in focus on a single target or main point. Assimilation and connection are salient collective mind-set procedures, resulting in focus on multiplicity and integration.