snu-aidas/HVMap-dataset huggingface dataset:
Robust Appointment Scheduling

We consider the problem of appointment scheduling in a robus t optimization framework. The appointment scheduling problem arises in many service operations, for e xample health care. For each job, we are given its minimum and maximum possible execution times. The objective is to find an appointment schedule for which the cost in the worst case scenario of the realization of the processi ng times of the jobs is minimized. We present a global balancing heuristic, which gives an easy to compute closed f orm optimal schedule when the underage costs of the jobs are non-decreasing. In addition, for the case where we h av the flexibility of changing the order of execution of the jobs, we give simple heuristics to find a near-optimal seq uence of the jobs. Working paper, Operations Research Center, MIT. Last updat ed March 3, 2012. Amazon.com, 333 Boren Avenue N, Seattle WA 98101, USA. Email : mshashi@alum.mit.edu. TU Berlin, Matheon, Berlin, Germany. Email: sebastian.stiller@tu-berlin.de.
Central Lip Lift as Aesthetic and Physiognomic Plastic Surgery: The Effect on Lower Facial Profile.

BACKGROUND
A central lip lift was introduced to Westerners in 1980s. However, no studies have been conducted on the facial aesthetic and physiognomic perspectives of a central lip lift in the Asian population.


OBJECTIVES
The authors presented the central lip lift as aesthetic and physiognomic treatment in Asians and explained its effect on lower facial profile.


METHODS
A retrospective chart review was performed in 202 cases of asians. The authors analyzed patient age, cause of long philtrum, purpose of the treatment, and postoperative satisfaction. The authors then performed an anthropometric assessment and a photographic analysis.


RESULTS
The vertical disproportion of the lower face was improved after the treatment, and there was significant shortening of the philtrum length (P < .001) and an increase in a visible upper vermilion (P < .001). In Westerners, a long philtrum was mainly caused by the aging process. Aging patients (range, 40-59 years) underwent the central lip lift for upper lip rejuvenation. In contrast, in Asia, a long philtrum was primarily caused by bone retraction after an orthognathic surgery or orthodontic procedure. Young patients (range, 20-39 years old) underwent the central lip lift to correct a relatively lengthened philtrum after 2-jaw surgery. Furthermore, about half of the patients (52.0%) underwent the central lip lift for facial physiognomic improvement.


CONCLUSIONS
In today's multiracial society, plastic surgeons planning a central lip lift in Asian patients should consider both aesthetic and physiognomic perspectives. Regardless of the aesthetic outcome, the surgeon should strive to maximize patient satisfaction.


LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
4 Therapeutic.
A Fast Algorithm for Edge-Preserving Variational Multichannel Image Restoration

We generalize the alternating minimization algorithm recently proposed in [32] to efficiently solve a general, edge-preserving, variational model for recovering multichannel images degraded by withinand cross-channel blurs, as well as additive Gaussian noise. This general model allows the use of localized weights and higher-order derivatives in regularization, and includes a multichannel extension of total variation (MTV) regularization as a special case. In the MTV case, we show that the model can be derived from an extended half-quadratic transform of Geman and Yang [14]. For color images with three channels and when applied to the MTV model (either locally weighted or not), the per-iteration computational complexity of this algorithm is dominated by nine fast Fourier transforms. We establish strong convergence results for the algorithm including finite convergence for some variables and fast q-linear convergence for the others. Numerical results on various types of blurs are presented to demonstrate the performance of our algorithm compared to that of the MATLAB deblurring functions. We also present experimental results on regularization models using weighted MTV and higher-order derivatives to demonstrate improvements in image quality provided by these models over the plain MTV model.
Wireless underground sensor networks: Research challenges

This work introduces the concept of a Wireless Underground Sensor Network (WUSN). WUSNs can be used to monitor a variety of conditions, such as soil properties for agricultural applications and toxic substances for environmental monitoring. Unlike existing methods of monitoring underground conditions, which rely on buried sensors connected via wire to the surface, WUSN devices are deployed completely belowground and do not require any wired connections. Each device contains all necessary sensors, memory, a processor, a radio, an antenna, and a power source. This makes their deployment much simpler than existing underground sensing solutions. Wireless communication within a dense substance such as soil or rock is, however, significantly more challenging than through air. This factor, combined with the necessity to conserve energy due to the difficulty of unearthing and recharging WUSN devices, requires that communication protocols be redesigned to be as efficient as possible. This work provides an extensive overview of applications and design challenges for WUSNs, challenges for the underground communication channel including methods for predicting path losses in an underground link, and challenges at each layer of the communication protocol stack. 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Neural Click Model for Web Search

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Effects of manual lymphatic drainage on breast cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND
Lymphedema is a common complication of axillary dissection for breast cancer. We investigated whether manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) could prevent or manage limb edema in women after breast-cancer surgery.


METHODS
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effectiveness of MLD in the prevention and treatment of breast-cancer-related lymphedema. The PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), SCOPUS, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials electronic databases were searched for articles on MLD published before December 2012, with no language restrictions. The primary outcome for prevention was the incidence of postoperative lymphedema. The outcome for management of lymphedema was a reduction in edema volume.


RESULTS
In total, 10 RCTs with 566 patients were identified. Two studies evaluating the preventive outcome of MLD found no significant difference in the incidence of lymphedema between the MLD and standard treatment groups, with a risk ratio of 0.63 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.14 to 2.82. Seven studies assessed the reduction in arm volume, and found no significant difference between the MLD and standard treatment groups, with a weighted mean difference of 75.12 (95% CI, -9.34 to 159.58).


CONCLUSIONS
The current evidence from RCTs does not support the use of MLD in preventing or treating lymphedema. However, clinical and statistical inconsistencies between the various studies confounded our evaluation of the effect of MLD on breast-cancer-related lymphedema.
Multiple PRP injections are more effective than single injections and hyaluronic acid in knees with early osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

To compare the effectiveness of intraarticular (IA) multiple and single platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections as well as hyaluronic acid (HA) injections in different stages of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. A total of 162 patients with different stages of knee OA were randomly divided into four groups receiving 3 IA doses of PRP, one dose of PRP, one dose of HA or a saline injection (control). Then, each group was subdivided into two groups: early OA (Kellgren–Lawrence grade 0 with cartilage degeneration or grade I–III) and advanced OA (Kellgren–Lawrence grade IV). The patients were evaluated before the injection and at the 6-month follow-ups using the EuroQol visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective scores. Adverse events and patient satisfaction were recorded. There was a statistically significant improvement in the IKDC and EQ-VAS scores in all the treatment groups compared with the control group. The knee scores of patients treated with three PRP injections were significantly better than those patients of the other groups. There was no significant difference in the scores of patients injected with one dose of PRP or HA. In the early OA subgroups, significantly better clinical results were achieved in the patients treated with three PRP injections, but there was no significant difference in the clinical results of patients with advanced OA among the treatment groups. The clinical results of this study suggest IA PRP and HA treatment for all stages of knee OA. For patients with early OA, multiple (3) PRP injections are useful in achieving better clinical results. For patients with advanced OA, multiple injections do not significantly improve the results of patients in any group. I.
Dynamical Approximation by Hierarchical Tucker and Tensor-Train Tensors

We extend results on the dynamical low-rank approximation for the treatment of time-dependent matrices and tensors (Koch and Lubich; see [SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 29 (2007), pp. 434–454], [SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 31 (2010), pp. 2360–2375]) to the recently proposed hierarchical Tucker (HT) tensor format (Hackbusch and Kühn; see [J. Fourier Anal. Appl., 15 (2009), pp. 706–722]) and the tensor train (TT) format (Oseledets; see [SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 33 (2011), pp. 2295–2317]), which are closely related to tensor decomposition methods used in quantum physics and chemistry. In this dynamical approximation approach, the time derivative of the tensor to be approximated is projected onto the time-dependent tangent space of the approximation manifold along the solution trajectory. This approach can be used to approximate the solutions to tensor differential equations in the HT or TT format and to compute updates in optimization algorithms within these reduced tensor formats. By deriving and analyzing the tangent space projector for the manifold of HT/TT tensors of fixed rank, we obtain curvature estimates, which allow us to obtain quasi-best approximation properties for the dynamical approximation, showing that the prospects and limitations of the ansatz are similar to those of the dynamical low rank approximation for matrices. Our results are exemplified by numerical experiments.
Fast algorithms for mining association rules
Nonspeech oral motor treatment issues related to children with developmental speech sound disorders.

PURPOSE
This article examines nonspeech oral motor treatments (NSOMTs) in the population of clients with developmental speech sound disorders. NSOMTs are a collection of nonspeech methods and procedures that claim to influence tongue, lip, and jaw resting postures; increase strength; improve muscle tone; facilitate range of motion; and develop muscle control. In the case of developmental speech sound disorders, NSOMTs are employed before or simultaneous with actual speech production treatment.


METHOD
First, NSOMTs are defined for the reader, and there is a discussion of NSOMTs under the categories of active muscle exercise, passive muscle exercise, and sensory stimulation. Second, different theories underlying NSOMTs along with the implications of the theories are discussed. Finally, a review of pertinent investigations is presented.


RESULTS
The application of NSOMTs is questionable due to a number of reservations that include (a) the implied cause of developmental speech sound disorders, (b) neurophysiologic differences between the limbs and oral musculature, (c) the development of new theories of movement and movement control, and (d) the paucity of research literature concerning NSOMTs.


CLINICAL IMPLICATION
There is no substantive evidence to support NSOMTs as interventions for children with developmental speech sound disorders.
A comparison of approaches to large-scale data analysis

There is currently considerable enthusiasm around the MapReduce (MR) paradigm for large-scale data analysis [17]. Although the basic control flow of this framework has existed in parallel SQL database management systems (DBMS) for over 20 years, some have called MR a dramatically new computing model [8, 17]. In this paper, we describe and compare both paradigms. Furthermore, we evaluate both kinds of systems in terms of performance and development complexity. To this end, we define a benchmark consisting of a collection of tasks that we have run on an open source version of MR as well as on two parallel DBMSs. For each task, we measure each system's performance for various degrees of parallelism on a cluster of 100 nodes. Our results reveal some interesting trade-offs. Although the process to load data into and tune the execution of parallel DBMSs took much longer than the MR system, the observed performance of these DBMSs was strikingly better. We speculate about the causes of the dramatic performance difference and consider implementation concepts that future systems should take from both kinds of architectures.
Starfish: A Self-tuning System for Big Data Analytics

Hadoop is a MAD system for data analytics  Magnetism: attracts all sources of data  Agility: adapts in sync with rapid data evolution  Depth: supports complex analytics needs Starfish makes Hadoop MADDER and Self-Tuning  Data-lifecycle-awareness: achieves good performance throughout data lifecycle  Elasticity: adjusts resources and operational costs  Robustness: provides availability and predictability Just-in-Time Job Optimization
Managing Organizational Knowledge By Diagnosing Intellectual Capital : Framing and Advancing the State of the Field

Copyright © 2001, Idea Group Publishing. Since organizational knowledge is at the crux of sustainable competitive advantage, the burgeoning field of intellectual capital is an exciting area for both researchers and practitioners. Intellectual capital is conceptualized from numerous disciplines making the field a mosaic of perspectives. Accountants are interested in how to measure it on the balance sheet, information technologists want to codify it on systems, sociologists want to balance power with it, psychologists want to develop minds because of it, human resource managers want to calculate an ROI on it, and training and development officers want to make sure that they can build it. The following article represents a comprehensive literature review from a variety of managerial disciplines. In addition to highlighting the research to date, avenues for future pursuit are also offered.
Intellectual capital ROI : a causal map of human capital antecedents and consequents

This report describes the results of a ground-breaking research study that measured the antecedents and consequents of effective human capital management. The research sample consisted of 76 senior executives from 25 companies in the financial services industry. The results of the study yielded a holistic causal map that integrated constructs from the fields of intellectual capital, knowledge management, human resources, organizational behaviour, information technology and accounting. The integration of both quantitative and qualitative measures in an overall conceptual model yielded several research implications. The resulting structural equation model allows participating organizations and researchers to gauge the effectiveness of an organization’s human capital capabilities. This will allow practitioners and researchers to more efficiently allocate resources with regard to human capital management. The potential outcomes of the study are limitless, since a program of consistent re-evaluation can lead to the establishment of causal relationships between human capital management and economic and business results. Introduction Today’s knowledge-based world consists of universal dynamic change and massive information bombardment. By the year 2010, the codified information base of the world is expected to `̀ double every 11 hours’’ (Bontis, 1999, p. 435). Information storage capacities continue to expand enormously. In 1950, IBM’s Rama C tape contained 4.4 megabytes and they were able to store as many as 50 of these tapes together. At that time, 220 megabytes represented the frontiers of information storage. Many of today’s standard desktop computers are being sold with 40 gigabytes of hard disk space. It is sobering to remember that full motion video in uncompressed form requires 1 gigabyte per minute and that the 83 minutes of Snow White digitized in full colour amount to 15 terabytes of space. Unfortunately, the conscious mind is only capable of processing somewhere between 16 and 40 bits of information (ones and zeros) per second. How do we reconcile this information bombardment conundrum when it seems that human beings are the bottle-neck? The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at http://www.emeraldinsight.com/1469-1930.htm The authors would like to acknowledge the following organizations for their financial support: Accenture, Saratoga Institute and the Institute for Intellectual Capital Research. The authors would also like to highlight the contribution of Vanessa Yeh, who administered the data collection phase of this research.
Producing sustainable competitive advantage through the effective management of people *

Executive Overview Achieving competitive success through people involves fundamentally altering how we think about the workforce and the employment relationship. It means achieving success by working with people, not by replacing them or limiting the scope of their activities. It entails seeing the workforce as a source of strategic advantage, not just as a cost to be minimized or avoided. Firms that take this different perspective are often able to successfully outmaneuver and outperform their rivals. ........................................................................................................................................................................
HOW MUCH DOES INDUSTRY MATTER , REALLY ?

In this paper, we examine the importance of year, industry, corporate-parent, and businessspecific effects on the profitability of U.S. public corporations within specific 4-digit SIC categories. Our results indicate that year, industry, corporate-parent, and business-specific effects account for 2 percent, 19 percent, 4 percent, and 32 percent, respectively, of the aggregate variance in profitability. We also find that the importance of the effects differs substantially across broad economic sectors. Industry effects account for a smaller portion of profit variance in manufacturing but a larger portion in lodging/entertainment, services, wholesale/retail trade, and transportation. Across all sectors we find a negative covariance between corporate-parent and industry effects. A detailed analysis suggests that industry, corporate-parent, and business-specific effects are related in complex ways.  1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using neural networks and GIS to forecast land use changes : a Land Transformation Model

The Land Transformation Model (LTM), which couples geographic information systems (GIS) with artificial neural networks (ANNs) to forecast land use changes, is presented here. A variety of social, political, and environmental factors contribute to the model’s predictor variables of land use change. This paper presents a version of the LTM parameterized for Michigan’s Grand Traverse Bay Watershed and explores how factors such as roads, highways, residential streets, rivers, Great Lakes coastlines, recreational facilities, inland lakes, agricultural density, and quality of views can influence urbanization patterns in this coastal watershed. ANNs are used to learn the patterns of development in the region and test the predictive capacity of the model, while GIS is used to develop the spatial, predictor drivers and perform spatial analysis on the results. The predictive ability of the model improved at larger scales when assessed using a moving scalable window metric. Finally, the individual contribution of each predictor variable was examined and shown to vary across spatial scales. At the smallest scales, quality views were the strongest predictor variable. We interpreted the multi-scale influences of land use change, illustrating the relative influences of site (e.g. quality of views, residential streets) and situation (e.g. highways and county roads) variables at different scales. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The impact of modified Hatha yoga on chronic low back pain: a pilot study.

PURPOSE
The purpose of this randomized pilot study was to evaluate a possible design for a 6-week modified hatha yoga protocol to study the effects on participants with chronic low back pain.


PARTICIPANTS
Twenty-two participants (M = 4; F = 17), between the ages of 30 and 65, with chronic low back pain (CLBP) were randomized to either an immediate yoga based intervention, or to a control group with no treatment during the observation period but received later yoga training.


METHODS
A specific CLBP yoga protocol designed and modified for this population by a certified yoga instructor was administered for one hour, twice a week for 6 weeks. Primary functional outcome measures included the forward reach (FR) and sit and reach (SR) tests. All participants completed Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) questionnaires. Guiding questions were used for qualitative data analysis to ascertain how yoga participants perceived the instructor, group dynamics, and the impact of yoga on their life.


ANALYSIS
To account for drop outs, the data were divided into better or not categories, and analyzed using chi-square to examine differences between the groups. Qualitative data were analyzed through frequency of positive responses.


RESULTS
Potentially important trends in the functional measurement scores showed improved balance and flexibility and decreased disability and depression for the yoga group but this pilot was not powered to reach statistical significance. Significant limitations included a high dropout rate in the control group and large baseline differences in the secondary measures. In addition, analysis of the qualitative data revealed the following frequency of responses (1) group intervention motivated the participants and (2) yoga fostered relaxation and new awareness/learning.


CONCLUSION
A modified yoga-based intervention may benefit individuals with CLB, but a larger study is necessary to provide definitive evidence. Also, the impact on depression and disability could be considered as important outcomes for further study. Additional functional outcome measures should be explored. This pilot study supports the need for more research investigating the effect of yoga for this population.