smoh/medical-transcriptions huggingface dataset:
Transesophageal Echocardiogram - 2  ( Cardiovascular / Pulmonary)
Description:  Transesophageal echocardiogram due to vegetation and bacteremia. Normal left ventricular size and function.  Echodensity involving the aortic valve suggestive of endocarditis and vegetation. Doppler study as above most pronounced being moderate-to-severe aortic insufficiency.

REASON FOR EXAM: , Vegetation and bacteremia.,PROCEDURE: , Transesophageal echocardiogram.,INTERPRETATION: , The procedure and its complications were explained to the patient in detail and formal consent was obtained.  The patient was brought to special procedure unit.  His throat was anesthetized with lidocaine spray.  Subsequently, 2 mg of IV Versed was given for sedation.  The patient was positioned.  Probe was introduced without any difficulty.  The patient tolerated the procedure very well.  Probe was taken out.  No complications were noted.  Findings are as mentioned below.,FINDINGS:,1.  Left ventricle has normal size and dimensions with normal function.  Ejection fraction of 60%.,2.  Left atrium and right-sided chambers were of normal size and dimensions.,3.  Left atrial appendage is clean without any clot or smoke effect.,4.  Atrial septum is intact.  Bubble study was negative.,5.  Mitral valve is structurally normal.,6.  Aortic valve reveals echodensity suggestive of vegetation.,7.  Tricuspid valve was structurally normal.,8.  Doppler reveals moderate mitral regurgitation and moderate-to-severe aortic regurgitation.,9.  Aorta is benign.,IMPRESSION:,1.  Normal left ventricular size and function.,2.  Echodensity involving the aortic valve suggestive of endocarditis and vegetation.,3.  Doppler study as above most pronounced being moderate-to-severe aortic insufficiency.
Transesophageal Echocardiography Probe  ( Cardiovascular / Pulmonary)
Description:  Insertion of transesophageal echocardiography probe and unsuccessful insertion of arterial venous lines.

INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURE:,  Impending open heart surgery for closure of ventricular septal defect in a 4-month-old girl.,Procedures were done under general anesthesia.  The patient was already in the operating room under general anesthesia.  Antibiotic prophylaxis with cefazolin and gentamicin was already given prior to beginning the procedures.,PROCEDURE #1:,  Insertion of transesophageal echocardiography probe.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE #1: , The probe was well lubricated and with digital manipulation, was passed into the esophagus without resistance.  The probe was placed so that the larger diameter was in the anterior-posterior position during insertion.  The probe was used by the pediatric cardiologist for preoperative and postoperative diagnostic echocardiography.  At the end, it was removed without trauma and there was no blood tingeing.  It is to be noted that approximately 30 minutes after removing the cannula, I inserted a 14-French suction tube to empty the stomach and there were a few mL of blood secretions that were suctioned.  There was no overt bleeding.,PROCEDURE #2: , Attempted and unsuccessful insertion of arterial venous lines.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE #2:,  Both groins were prepped and draped.  The patient was placed at 10 degrees head-up position.  A Cook 4-French double-lumen 8-cm catheter kit was opened.  Using the 21-gauge needle that comes with the kit, several attempts were made to insert central venous and then an arterial line in the left groin.  There were several successful punctures of these vessels, but I was unable to advance Seldinger wire.  After removal of the needles, the area was compressed digitally for approximately 5 minutes.  There was a small hematoma that was not growing.  Initially, the left leg was mildly mottled with prolonged capillary refill of approximately 3 seconds.  Using 1% lidocaine, I infiltrated the vessels of the groin both medial and lateral to the vascular sheath.  Further observation, the capillary refill and circulation of the left leg became more than adequate.  The O2 saturation monitor that was on the left toe functioned well throughout the procedures, from the beginning to the end.  At the end of the procedure, the circulation of the leg was intact.,
Tracheostomy Change  ( Cardiovascular / Pulmonary)
Description:  Tracheostomy change.  A #6 Shiley with proximal extension was changed to a #6 Shiley with proximal extension.  Ventilator-dependent respiratory failure and laryngeal edema.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Ventilator-dependent respiratory failure.,2.  Laryngeal edema.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Ventilator-dependent respiratory failure.,2.  Laryngeal edema.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED: , Tracheostomy change.  A #6 Shiley with proximal extension was changed to a #6 Shiley with proximal extension.,INDICATIONS: , The patient is a 60-year-old Caucasian female who presented to ABCD General Hospital with exacerbation of COPD and CHF.  The patient had subsequently been taken to the operating room by Department of Otolaryngology and a direct laryngoscope was performed.  The patient was noted at that time to have transglottic edema.  Biopsies were taken.  At the time of surgery, it was decided that the patient required a tracheostomy for maintenance of continued ventilation and airway protection.  The patient is currently postop day #6 and appears to be unable to be weaned from ventilator at this time and may require prolonged ventricular support.  A decision was made to perform tracheostomy change.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The patient was seen in the Intensive Care Unit.  The patient was placed in a supine position.  The neck was then extended.  The sutures that were previously in place in the #6 Shiley with proximal extension were removed.  The patient was preoxygenated to 100%.  After several minutes, the patient was noted to have a pulse oximetry of 100%.  The IV tubing that was supporting the patient's trache was then cut.  The tracheostomy tube was then suctioned.,The inner cannula was then removed from the tracheostomy and a nasogastric tube was placed down the lumen of the tracheostomy tube as a guidewire.  The tracheostomy tube was then removed over the nasogastric tube and the operative field was suctioned.  With the guidewire in place and with adequate visualization, a new #6 Shiley with proximal extension was then passed over the nasogastric tube guidewire and carefully inserted into the trachea.  The guidewire was then removed and the inner cannula was then placed into the tracheostomy.  The patient was then reconnected to the ventilator and was noted to have normal tidal volumes.  The patient had a tidal volume of 500 and was returning 500 cc to 510 cc.  The patient continued to saturate well with saturations 99%.  The patient appeared comfortable and her vital signs were stable.  A soft trache collar was then connected to the trachesotomy.  A drain sponge was then inserted underneath the new trache site.  The patient was observed for several minutes and was found to be in no distress and continued to maintain adequate saturations and continued to return normal tidal volumes.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,DISPOSITION: , The patient tolerated the procedure well.  0.25% acetic acid soaks were ordered to the drain sponge every shift.
Transesophageal Echocardiogram  ( Cardiovascular / Pulmonary)
Description:  Transesophageal echocardiogram and direct current cardioversion.

EXAM: , Transesophageal echocardiogram and direct current cardioversion.,REASON FOR EXAM:  ,1.  Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate.,2.  Shortness of breath.,PROCEDURE: , After informed consent was obtained, the patient was then sedated using a total of 4 mg of Versed and 50 mcg of fentanyl.  Following this, transesophageal probe was placed in the esophagus.  Transesophageal views of the heart were then obtained.,FINDINGS:,1.  Left ventricle is of normal size.  Overall LV systolic function is preserved.  Estimated ejection fraction is 60% to 65%.  No wall motion abnormalities are noted.,2.  Left atrium is dilated.,3.  Left atrial appendage is free of clots.,4.  Right atrium is of normal size.,5.  Right ventricle is of normal size.,6.  Mitral valve shows evidence of mild MAC.,7.  Aortic valve is sclerotic without significant restriction of leaflet motion.,8.  Tricuspid valve appears normal.,9.  Pulmonic valve appears normal.,10.  Pacer wires are noted in the right atrium and in the right ventricle.,11.  Doppler interrogation of moderate mitral regurgitation is present.,12.  Mild-to-moderate AI is seen.,13.  No significant TR is noted.,14.  No significant TI is noted.,15.  No pericardial disease seen.,IMPRESSION:,1.  Preserved left ventricular systolic function.,2.  Dilated left atrium.,3.  Moderate mitral regurgitation.,4.  Aortic valve sclerosis with mild-to-moderate aortic insufficiency.,5.  Left atrial appendage is free of clots.,Following these, direct current cardioversion was performed.  Three biphasic shock waves of 150 and two of 200 joules were then applied to the patient's chest in anteroposterior direction without success in conversion to sinus rhythm.  The patient remained in atrial fibrillation.,PLAN: , Plan will be to continue medical therapy.  We will consider using beta-blocker, calcium channel blockers for better ventricular rate control.
Tilt Table Test - 1  ( Cardiovascular / Pulmonary)
Description:  Tilt table test.  A patient with past medical history of syncope.  The patient is also complaining of dizziness.

INDICATIONS: , The patient is a 22-year-old female with past medical history of syncope.  The patient is also complaining of dizziness.  She was referred here by Dr. X for tilt table.,TECHNIQUE: , Risks and benefits explained to the patient.  Consent obtained.  She was lying down on her back for 20 minutes and her blood pressure was 111/75 and heart rate 89.  She was standing up on the tilt tablet for 20 minutes and her heart rate went up to 127 and blood pressure was still in 120/80.  Then, the patient received sublingual nitroglycerin 0.4 mg.  The patient felt dizzy at that time and heart rate was in the 120 and blood pressure was 110/50.  The patient felt nauseous and felt hot at that time.  She did not pass out.,COMPLICATIONS:,  None.,Tilt table was then terminated.,SUMMARY:,  Positive tilt table for vasovagal syncope with significant increase of heart rate with minimal decrease of blood pressure.,RECOMMENDATIONS: , I recommend followup in the office in one week and she will need Toprol-XL 12.5 mg every day if symptoms persist.
Tracheotomy - 1  ( Cardiovascular / Pulmonary)
Description:  Tracheotomy for patient with respiratory failure.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Respiratory failure.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:  ,Respiratory failure.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE: , Tracheotomy.,ANESTHESIA:  ,General inhalational.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The patient was taken to the operating room, placed supine on the operating table.  General inhalational anesthesia was administered through the patient's existing 4.0 endotracheal tube.  The neck was extended and secured with tape and incision in the midline of the neck approximately 2 fingerbreadths above the sternal notch was outlined.  The incision measured approximately 1 cm and was just below the palpable cricoid cartilage and first tracheal ring.  The incision area was infiltrated with 1% Xylocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000.  A #67 blade was used to perform the incision.  Electrocautery was used to remove excess fat tissue to expose the strap muscles.  The strap muscles were grasped and divided in the midline with a cutting electrocautery.  Sharp dissection was used to expose the anterior trachea and cricoid cartilage.  The thyroid isthmus was identified crossing just below the cricoid cartilage.  This was divided in the midline with electrocautery.  Blunt dissection was used to expose adequate cartilaginous rings.  A 4.0 silk was used for stay sutures to the midline of the cricoid.  Additional stay sutures were placed on each side of the third tracheal ring.  Thin DuoDerm was placed around the stoma.  The tracheal incision was performed with a #11 blade through the second, third, and fourth tracheal rings.  The cartilaginous edges were secured to the skin edges with interrupted #4-0 Monocryl.  A 4.5 PED tight-to-shaft cuffed Bivona tube was placed and secured with Velcro ties.  A flexible scope was passed through the tracheotomy tube.  The carina was visualized approximately 1.5 cm distal to the distal end of the tracheotomy tube.  Ventilation was confirmed.  There was good chest rise and no appreciable leak.  The procedure was terminated.  The patient was in stable condition.  Bleeding was negligible and she was transferred back to the Pediatric intensive care unit in stable condition.
Transesophageal Echocardiogram - 1  ( Cardiovascular / Pulmonary)
Description:  Transesophageal echocardiogram for aortic stenosis.  Normal left ventricular size and function.  Benign Doppler flow pattern.   Doppler study essentially benign.  Aorta essentially benign.  Atrial septum intact.  Study was negative.

INDICATION: , Aortic stenosis.,PROCEDURE: , Transesophageal echocardiogram.,INTERPRETATION:  ,Procedure and complications explained to the patient in detail.  Informed consent was obtained.  The patient was anesthetized in the throat with lidocaine spray.  Subsequently, 3 mg of IV Versed was given for sedation.  The patient was positioned and transesophageal probe was introduced without any difficulty.  Images were taken.  The patient tolerated the procedure very well without any complications.  Findings as mentioned below.,FINDINGS:,1.  Left ventricle is in normal size and dimension.  Normal function.  Ejection fraction of 60%.,2.  Left atrium and right-sided chambers are of normal size and dimension.,3.  Mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonic valves are structurally normal.,4.  Aortic valve reveals annular calcification with fibrocalcific valve leaflets with decreased excursion.,5.  Left atrial appendage is clean without any clot or smoke effect.,6.  Atrial septum intact.  Study was negative.,7.  Doppler study essentially benign.,8.  Aorta essentially benign.,9.  Aortic valve planimetry valve area average about 1.3 cm2 consistent with moderate aortic stenosis.,SUMMARY:,1.  Normal left ventricular size and function.,2.  Benign Doppler flow pattern.,3.  Aortic valve area of 1.3 cm2 planimetry.,
Thrombectomy AV Shunt  ( Cardiovascular / Pulmonary)
Description:  Thrombectomy AV shunt, left forearm and patch angioplasty of the venous anastomosis.  Thrombosed arteriovenous shunt, left forearm with venous anastomotic stenosis.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Thrombosed arteriovenous shunt left forearm.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:  ,Thrombosed arteriovenous shunt, left forearm with venous anastomotic stenosis.,PROCEDURE:  ,Thrombectomy AV shunt, left forearm and patch angioplasty of the venous anastomosis.,ANESTHESIA: , Local.,SKIN PREP: , Betadine.,DRAINS: , None.,PROCEDURE TECHNIQUE:  ,The left arm was prepped and draped.  Xylocaine 1% was administered and a transverse antecubital incision was made over the venous limb of the graft, which was dissected out and encircled with a vessel loop.  The runoff vein was dissected out and encircled with the vessel loop as well.  A longitudinal incision was made over the venous anastomosis.  There was a narrowing in the area and slightly the incision was extended more proximally.  There was good back bleeding from the vein as well as bleeding from the more distal vein.  These were occluded with noncrushing DeBakey clamps and the patient was given 5000 units of heparin intravenously.  A #4 Fogarty was used to extract thrombus from the graft systematically until the arterial plug was removed and excellent inflow was established.  There was a narrowing in the mid portion of the venous limb of the graft, which was dilated with a #5 coronary dilator.  The Fogarty catheter was then passed up the vein, but no clot was obtained.  A patch PTFE material was fashioned and was sutured over the graftotomy with running 6-0 Gore-Tex suture.  Clamps were removed and flow established.  A thrill was easily palpable.  Hemostasis was achieved and the wound was irrigated and closed with 3-0 Vicryl subcutaneous suture followed by 4-0 nylon on the skin.  A sterile dressing was applied.  The patient was taken to the recovery room in satisfactory condition having tolerated the procedure well.  Sponge, instrument and needle counts were reported as correct.
Tilt Table Test  ( Cardiovascular / Pulmonary)
Description:  Tilt table test.  Tilt table test is negative for any evidence of vasovagal, orthostasis or vasodepressor syndrome.

FINDINGS:,1.  The patient's supine blood pressure was 153/88 with heart rate of 54 beats per minute.,2.  There was no significant change in heart rate or blood pressure on 80-degree tilt.,3.  No symptoms reported during the tilt study.,CONCLUSION: , Tilt table test is negative for any evidence of vasovagal, orthostasis or vasodepressor syndrome.
Telemetry Monitoring  ( Cardiovascular / Pulmonary)
Description:  The patient was originally hospitalized secondary to dizziness and disequilibrium.  Extensive workup during her first hospitalization was all negative, but a prominent feature was her very blunted affect and real anhedonia.

DIAGNOSES PROBLEMS:,1.  Orthostatic hypotension.,2.  Bradycardia.,3.  Diabetes.,4.  Status post renal transplant secondary polycystic kidney disease in 1995.,5.  Hypertension.,6.  History of basal cell ganglia cerebrovascular event in 2004 with left residual.,7.  History of renal osteodystrophy.,8.  Iron deficiency anemia.,9.  Cataract status post cataract surgery.,10.  Chronic left lower extremity pain.,11.  Hyperlipidemia.,12.  Status post hysterectomy secondary to uterine fibroids.,PROCEDURES:,  Telemetry monitoring.,HISTORY FINDINGS HOSPITAL COURSE: , The patient was originally hospitalized on 04/26/07, secondary to dizziness and disequilibrium.  Extensive workup during her first hospitalization was all negative, but a prominent feature was her very blunted affect and real anhedonia.  She was transferred briefly to Psychiatry, however, on the second day in Psychiatry, she became very orthostatic and was transferred acutely back to the medicine.  She briefly was on Cymbalta; however, this was discontinued when she was transferred back.  She was monitored back medicine for 24 hours and was given intravenous fluids and these were discontinued.  She was able to maintain her pressures then was able to ambulate without difficulty.  We had wanted to pursue workup for possible causes for autonomic dysfunction; however, the patient was not interested in remaining in the hospital anymore and left really against our recommendations.,DISCHARGE MEDICATIONS:,1.  CellCept - 500 mg twice a daily.,2.  Cyclosporine - 25 mg in the morning and 15 mg in the evening.,3.  Prednisone - 5 mg once daily.,4.  Hydralazine - 10 mg four times a day.,5.  Pantoprazole - 40 mg once daily.,6.  Glipizide - 5 mg every morning.,7.  Aspirin - 81 mg once daily.,FOLLOWUP CARE:  ,The patient is to follow up with Dr. X in about 1 week's time.
Tessio Catheter Insertion  ( Cardiovascular / Pulmonary)
Description:  Insertion of right internal jugular Tessio catheter and placement of left wrist primary submental arteriovenous fistula.

OPERATIONS/PROCEDURES,1.  Insertion of right internal jugular Tessio catheter.,2.  Placement of left wrist primary submental arteriovenous fistula.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , The patient was brought to the operating room and placed in the supine position.  Adequate general endotracheal anesthesia was induced.  Appropriate monitoring lines were placed.  The right neck, chest and left arm were prepped and draped in a sterile fashion.  A small incision was made at the top of the anterior jugular triangle in the right neck.  Through this small incision, the right internal jugular vein was punctured and a guidewire was placed.  It was punctured a 2nd time, and a 2nd guidewire was placed.  The Tessio catheters were assembled.  They were measured for length.  Counter-incisions were made on the right chest.  They were then tunneled through these lateral chest wall incisions to the neck incision, burying the Dacron cuffs.  They were flushed with saline.  A suture was placed through the guidewire, and the guidewire and dilator were removed.  The arterial catheter was then placed through this, and the tear-away introducer was removed.  The catheter aspirated and bled easily.  It was flushed with saline and capped.  This was repeated with the venous line.  It also aspirated easily and was flushed with saline and capped.  The neck incision was closed with a 4-0 Tycron, and the catheters were sutured at the exit sites with 4-0 nylon.  Dressings were applied.  An incision was then made at the left wrist.  The basilic vein was dissected free, as was the radial artery.  Heparin was given, 50 mg.  The radial artery was clamped proximally and distally with a bulldog.  It was opened with a #11 blade and Potts scissors, and stay sutures of 5-0 Prolene were placed.  The vein was clipped distally, divided and spatulated for anastomosis.  It was sutured to the radial artery with a running 7-0 Prolene suture.  The clamps were removed.  Good flow was noted through the artery.  Protamine was given, and the wound was closed with interrupted 3-0 Dexon subcutaneous and a running 4-0 Dexon subcuticular on the skin.  The patient tolerated the procedure well.
Thoracentesis  ( Cardiovascular / Pulmonary)
Description:  Thoracentesis.  Left pleural effusion.  Left hemothorax.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Left pleural effusion.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Left hemothorax.,PROCEDURE: , Thoracentesis.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL:,  After obtaining informed consent and having explained the procedure to the patient, he was sat at the side of a stretcher in the emergency department.  His left back was prepped and draped in the usual fashion.  Xylocaine 1% was used to infiltrate his chest wall and the chest entered upon the ninth intercostal space in the midscapular line and the thoracentesis catheter was used and placed, and then we proceed to draw by hand about 1200 mL blood.  This blood was nonclotting and it was tested twice.  Halfway during the procedure, the patient felt that he was getting dizzy and his pressure at that time had dropped to the 80s.  Therefore, we laid him off his right side while keeping the chest catheter in place.  At that time, I proceeded to continuously draw fluids slowly and then when the patient recovered we sat him up again and we proceed to complete the procedure.,Overall besides the described episode, the patient tolerated the procedure well and afterwards, we took another chest x-ray that showed much improvement in the pleural effusion and at that particular time, with all the history we proceeded to admit the patient for observation and with an idea to obtain a CT in the morning to see whether the patient would need an pigtail intrapleural catheter or not.
Tachypnea  ( Cardiovascular / Pulmonary)
Description:  Quick note on tachypnea.