smoh/medical-transcriptions huggingface dataset:
Cardioversion - Unsuccessful  ( Surgery)
Description:  Cardioversion.  Unsuccessful direct current cardioversion with permanent atrial fibrillation.

REASON FOR EXAM: , Atrial flutter/cardioversion.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , The procedure was explained to the patient with risks and benefits.  The patient agreed and signed the consent form.  The patient received sedation prior to the cardioversion with a transesophageal echo as dictated earlier with a total of 50 mcg of fentanyl and 6 mg of Versed.  The pads were applied in the anterior-posterior approach.  The synchronized cardioversion with biphasic energy delivered at 150 J. First attempt was unsuccessful.  Second attempt at 200 J with anterior-posterior approach.  With biphasic synchronized energy delivered was also unsuccessful with degeneration of the atrial flutter into atrial fibrillation.,The patient was decided to be on wave control and amiodarone and reattempted cardioversion after anticoagulation for four to six weeks and because of the reduced LV function, the success of the rate without antiarrhythmic may be low.,IMPRESSION: , Unsuccessful direct current cardioversion with permanent atrial fibrillation.
Cardioversion - Direct Current  ( Surgery)
Description:  Direct current cardioversion.  Successful direct current cardioversion with restoration of sinus rhythm from atrial fibrillation with no immediate complication. 

PROCEDURE: , Direct current cardioversion.,REASON FOR PROCEDURE: , Atrial fibrillation.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL:  ,The procedure was explained to the patient with risks and benefits including risk of stroke.  The patient understands as well as her husband.  The patient had already a transesophageal echocardiogram showing no left atrial appendage thrombus or thrombus in the left atrium.  There was spontaneous echocardiogram contrast noticed.  The patient was on anticoagulation with Lovenox, received already 3 mg of Versed and 25 mcg of fentanyl for the TEE followed by next 2 mg of Versed for total of 5 mg of Versed.  The pads applied in the anterior and posterior approach.  With synchronized biphasic waveform at 150 J, one shock was successful in restoring sinus rhythm.  The patient had some occasional PACs noticed with occasional sinus tachycardia.  The patient had no immediate post-procedure complications.  The rhythm was maintained and 12-lead EKG was requested.,IMPRESSION:  ,Successful direct current cardioversion with restoration of sinus rhythm from atrial fibrillation with no immediate complication.
Carious Teeth Extraction  ( Surgery)
Description:  Carious teeth and periodontal disease affecting all remaining teeth and partial bony impacted tooth #32. Extraction of teeth.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Carious teeth and periodontal disease affecting all remaining teeth.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Carious teeth and periodontal disease affecting all remaining teeth and partial bony impacted tooth #32.,PROCEDURE: , Extraction of remaining teeth numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, and 32.,ANESTHESIA:,  General, oral endotracheal.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,CONDITION:,  Stable to PACU.,PROCEDURE:  Patient was brought to the operating room, placed on the table in the supine position and after demonstration of an adequate plane of general anesthesia, the patient was prepped and draped in the usual fashion for an intraoral procedure.  Gauze throat pack was placed and local anesthetic was administered in the upper and lower left quadrants and extraction of teeth was begun on the upper left quadrant teeth numbers 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 were removed with elevators and forceps extraction.  Moving to the lower quadrant on the left side, tooth numbers 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 were removed with elevators and routine forceps extraction.  The flaps were then closed with 3-0 gut sutures and upon completion of the two quadrants on the left side, the endotracheal tube was then relocated from the right side to the left side for access to the quadrants on the right.  Teeth numbers 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 were then removed with elevators and routine forceps extraction.  It was noted that tooth #6 was missing, could not be seen whether tooth #6 was palately impacted, but the tooth was not encountered.  On the lower right quadrant, teeth numbers 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31 were removed with elevators and routine forceps extraction.  Tooth #32 was partially bony impacted, but exposed, so it was removed by removing bone on buccal aspect with high-speed drill with a round bur.  Tooth was then luxated from the socket.  The flaps were then closed on both quadrants with 3-0 gut sutures.  The area was irrigated thoroughly with normal saline solution and a total of 8.5 mL of lidocaine 2% with 1:100, 000 epinephrine and 3.6 mL of bupivacaine 0.5% with epinephrine 1:200, 000.  Upon completion of the procedure, the throat pack was removed.  The pharynx was suctioned.  An oral gastric tube was passed and small amount of stomach contents were suctioned.  The patient was then extubated and taken to PACU in stable condition.
Cardioversion  ( Surgery)
Description:  Cardioversion.  An 86-year-old woman with a history of aortic valve replacement in the past with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation 

HISTORY: , The patient is an 86-year-old woman with a history of aortic valve replacement in the past with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who was admitted yesterday with the recurrence of such in a setting of hypokalemia, incomplete compliance with obstructive sleep apnea therapy with CPAP, chocolate/caffeine ingestion and significant mental stress.  Despite repletion of her electrolytes and maintenance with Diltiazem IV she has maintained atrial fibrillation.  I have discussed in detail with the patient regarding risks, benefits, and alternatives of the procedure.  After an in depth discussion of the procedure (please see my initial consultation for further details) I asked the patient this morning if she would like me to repeat that as that discussion had happened yesterday.  The patient declined.  I invited questions for her which she stated she had none and wanted to go forward with the cardioversion which seemed appropriate.,PROCEDURE NOTE: , The appropriate time-out procedure was performed as per Medical Center protocol including proper identification of the patient, physician, procedure, documentation, and there were no safety issues identified by myself nor the staff.  The patient participated actively in this.  She received a total of 4 mg of Versed then and 50 micrograms of fentanyl with utilizing titrated conscious sedation with good effect.  She was placed in the supine position and hands free patches had previously been placed in the AP position and she received one synchronized cardioversion attempt after Diltiazem drip had been turned off with successful resumption of normal sinus rhythm.  This was confirmed on 12 lead EKG.,IMPRESSION/PLAN: , Successful resumption of normal sinus rhythm from recurrent atrial fibrillation.  The patient's electrolytes are now normal and that will need close watching to avoid hypokalemia in the future, as well as she has been previously counseled for strict adherence to sleep apnea therapy with CPAP and perhaps repeat sleep evaluation would be appropriate to titrate her settings, as well as avoidance of caffeine ingestion including chocolate and minimization of mental stress.  She will be discharged on her usual robust AV nodal antiarrhythmic therapy with sotalol 80 mg p.o. b.i.d., metoprolol 50 mg p.o. b.i.d., Diltiazem CD 240 mg p.o. daily and digoxin 0.125 mg p.o. daily and to be clear she does have a permanent pacemaker implanted.  She will follow-up with her regular cardiologist, Dr. X, for whom I am covering this weekend.,This was all discussed in detail with the patient, as well as her granddaughter with the patient's verbal consent at the bedside.
Cardiac Catheterization - 7  ( Surgery)
Description:  Left heart catheterization, left ventriculogram, selective coronary arteriography, aortic arch angiogram, right iliofemoral angiogram, #6 French Angio-Seal placement.

INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURE:, The patient has presented with crushing-type substernal chest pain, even in the face of a normal nuclear medicine study. She is here for catheterization.,APPROACH:, Right common femoral artery.,ANESTHESIA:, IV sedation per cardiac catheterization protocol. Local sedation with 1% Xylocaine.,COMPLICATIONS:, None.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:, Less than 10 mL.,ESTIMATED CONTRAST:, Less than 150 mL.,PROCEDURES PERFORMED:, Left heart catheterization, left ventriculogram, selective coronary arteriography, aortic arch angiogram, right iliofemoral angiogram, #6 French Angio-Seal placement.,OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE:, The patient was brought to the cardiac catheterization lab in the usual fasting state. She was placed supine on the cardiac catheterization table and the right groin was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. One percent Xylocaine was infiltrated into the right femoral vessels. Next, a #6 French sheath was then placed in the right common femoral artery by the modified Seldinger technique.,SELECTIVE CORONARY ARTERIOGRAPHY:, Next, right and left Judkins diagnostic catheters were advanced through their respective ostia and injected in multiple views.,LEFT VENTRICULOGRAM:, Next, a pigtail catheter was advanced across the aortic valve and left ventricular pressure recorded. Next, an LV-gram was then performed with a hand injection of 50 mL of contrast. Next, pull-back pressure was measured across the aortic valve.,AORTA ARCH ANGIOGRAM:, Next, aortic arch angiogram was then performed with injection of 50 mL of contrast at a rate of 20 mL/second to maximum pressure of 750 PSI performed in the 40-degree LAO view.,Next, right iliofemoral angiogram was performed in the 20-degree RAO view. Next Angio-Seal was applied successfully.,The patient left the cath lab without problems or issues.,DIAGNOSES:, Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 18 mmHg. There was no gradient across the aortic valve. The central aortic pressure was 160 mmHg.,LEFT VENTRICULOGRAM:, The left ventriculogram demonstrated normal LV systolic function with estimated ejection fraction greater than 50%.,AORTIC ARCH ANGIOGRAM: ,The aortic arch angiogram demonstrated normal aortic arch. No aortic regurgitation was seen.,SELECTIVE CORONARY ARTERIOGRAPHY:, The right coronary artery is large and dominant.,The left main is patent.,The left anterior descending is patent.,The left circumflex is patent.,IMPRESSION:, This study demonstrates normal coronary arteries in the presence of normal left ventricular systolic function. In addition, the aortic root is normal.
Cardiac Catheterization - 10  ( Surgery)
Description:  Left Heart Catheterization.  Chest pain, coronary artery disease, prior bypass surgery.  Left coronary artery disease native.  Patent vein graft with obtuse marginal vessel and also LIMA to LAD.  Native right coronary artery is patent, mild disease.

EXAM: , Left Heart Catheterization,REASON FOR EXAM:,  Chest pain, coronary artery disease, prior bypass surgery.,INTERPRETATION: , The procedure and complications were explained to the patient in detail and formal consent was obtained.  The patient was brought to the cath lab.  The right groin was draped in the usual sterile manner.  Using modified Seldinger technique, a 6-French arterial sheath was introduced in the right common femoral artery.  A JL4 catheter was used to cannulate the left coronary arteries.  A JR4 catheter was used to cannulate the right coronary artery and also bypass grafts.  The same catheter was used to cannulate the vein graft and also LIMA.  I tried to attempt to cannulate other graft with Williams posterior catheter and also bypass catheter was unsuccessful.  A 6-French pigtail catheter was used to perform left ventriculography and pullback was done.  No gradient was noted.  Arterial sheath was removed.  Hemostasis was obtained with manual compression.  The patient tolerated the procedure very well without any complications.,FINDINGS:,1.  Native coronary arteries.  The left main is patent.  The left anterior descending artery is not clearly visualized.  The circumflex artery appears to be patent.  The proximal segment gives rise to small caliber obtuse marginal vessel.,2.  Right coronary artery is patent with mild distal and mid segment.  No evidence of focal stenosis or dominant system.,3.  Bypass graft LIMA to the left anterior descending artery patent throughout the body as well the anastomotic site.  There appears to be possible _______ graft to the diagonal 1 vessel.  The distal LAD wraps around the apex.  No stenosis following the anastomotic site noted.,4.  Vein graft to what appears to be obtuse marginal vessel was patent with a small caliber obtuse marginal 1 vessel.,5.  No other bypass grafts are noted by left ventriculography and also aortic root shot.,6.  Left ventriculography with an ejection fraction of 60%.,IMPRESSION:,1.  Left coronary artery disease native.,2.  Patent vein graft with obtuse marginal vessel and also LIMA to LAD.  _______ graft to the diagonal 1 vessel.,3.  Native right coronary artery is patent, mild disease.,RECOMMENDATIONS: , Medical treatment.
Cardiac Catheterization - 2  ( Surgery)
Description:  The patient with atypical type right arm discomfort and neck discomfort.

INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURE:, The patient has presented with atypical type right arm discomfort and neck discomfort. She had noninvasive vascular imaging demonstrating suspected right subclavian stenosis. Of note, there was bidirectional flow in the right vertebral artery, as well as 250 cm per second velocities in the right subclavian. Duplex ultrasound showed at least a 50% stenosis.,APPROACH:, Right common femoral artery.,ANESTHESIA:, IV sedation with cardiac catheterization protocol. Local infiltration with 1% Xylocaine.,COMPLICATIONS:, None.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:, Less than 10 ml.,ESTIMATED CONTRAST:, Less than 250 ml.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:, Right brachiocephalic angiography, right subclavian angiography, selective catheterization of the right subclavian, selective aortic arch angiogram, right iliofemoral angiogram, 6 French Angio-Seal placement.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:, The patient was brought to the cardiac catheterization lab in the usual fasting state. She was laid supine on the cardiac catheterization table, and the right groin was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion. 1% Xylocaine was infiltrated into the right femoral vessels. Next, a #6 French sheath was introduced into the right femoral artery via the modified Seldinger technique.,AORTIC ARCH ANGIOGRAM:, Next, a pigtail catheter was advanced to the aortic arch. Aortic arch angiogram was then performed with injection of 45 ml of contrast, rate of 20 ml per second, maximum pressure 750 PSI in the 4 degree LAO view.,SELECTIVE SUBCLAVIAN ANGIOGRAPHY:, Next, the right subclavian was selectively cannulated. It was injected in the standard AP, as well as the RAO view. Next pull back pressures were measured across the right subclavian stenosis. No significant gradient was measured.,ANGIOGRAPHIC DETAILS:, The right brachiocephalic artery was patent. The proximal portion of the right carotid was patent. The proximal portion of the right subclavian prior to the origin of the vertebral and the internal mammary showed 50% stenosis.,IMPRESSION:,1. Moderate grade stenosis in the right subclavian artery.,2. Patent proximal edge of the right carotid.
Cardiac Cath & Coronary Angiography  ( Surgery)
Description:  Left Cardiac Catheterization, Left Ventriculography, Coronary Angiography and Stent Placement.

PROCEDURE:,  Left Cardiac Catheterization, Left Ventriculography, Coronary Angiography and Stent Placement.,INDICATIONS: , Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease.,PATIENT HISTORY: , This is a 55-year-old male.  He presented with 3 hours of unstable angina.,PAST CARDIAC HISTORY: , History of previous arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease.  Previous ST elevation MI.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS.,  The creatinine value is 1.3 mg/dL mg/dL.,PROCEDURE MEDICATIONS:,1.  Visipaque 361 mL total dose.,2.  Clopidogrel bisulphate (Plavix) 225 mg PO,3.  Promethazine (Phenergan) 12.5 mg total dose.,4.  Abciximab (Reopro) 10 mg IV bolus,5.  Abciximab (Reopro) 0.125 mcg/kg/minute, 4.5 mL/250 mL D5W x 17 mL,6.  Nitroglycerin 300 mcg IC total dose.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:,APPROACH: , Left heart catheterization via right femoral artery approach.,ACCESS METHOD: , Percutaneous needle puncture.,DEVICES USED:,1.  Balloon catheter utilized:  Manufacturer:  Boston Sci Quantum Maverick RX 2.75mm x 20mm.,2.  Cordis Vista Brite Tip 6Fr JR 4.0,3.  ACS/Guidant Sport .014" (190cm) Wire,4.  Stent utilized:  Boston Sci Taxus RX Stent 3.0mm x 32mm.,FINDINGS/INTERVENTIONS:,LEFT VENTRICULOGRAPHY:,  The overall left ventricular systolic function is mildly reduced.  Left ventricular ejection fraction is 40% by left ventriculogram.  Mild hypokinesis of the anterior wall of the left ventricle.  There was no transaortic gradient.  Mitral valve regurgitation is not seen.,LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY:  ,  There were no obstructing lesions in the left main coronary artery.  Blood flow appeared normal.,LEFT ANTERIOR DESCENDING ARTERY: , There was a 95%, discrete stenosis in the mid left anterior descending artery.  A drug eluting, Boston Sci Taxus RX Stent 3.0mm x 32mm stent was placed in the mid left anterior descending artery and post-dilated to 3.5 mm.  Post-procedure stenosis was 0%.  There was no dissection and no perforation.,LEFT CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY: , There was a 50%, diffuse stenosis in the left circumflex artery.,RIGHT CORONARY ARTERY:,  The right coronary artery is dominant to the posterior circulation.  There were no obstructing lesions in the right coronary artery.  Blood flow appeared normal.,COMPLICATIONS:,There were no complications during the procedure., ,IMPRESSION:,1.  Severe two-vessel coronary artery disease.,2.  Severe left anterior descending coronary artery disease.  There was a 95% mid left anterior descending artery stenosis.  The lesion was successfully stented.,3.  Moderate left circumflex artery disease.  There was a 50% left circumflex artery stenosis.  Intervention not warranted.,4.  The overall left ventricular systolic function is mildly reduced with ejection fraction of 40%.  Mild hypokinesis of the anterior wall of the left ventricle.,RECOMMENDATION:,1.  Clopidogrel (Plavix) 75 mg PO daily for 1 year.
Cardiac Cath & Selective Coronary Angiography  ( Surgery)
Description:  Left cardiac catheterization with selective right and left coronary angiography.   Post infarct angina.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Post infarct angina.,TYPE OF PROCEDURE: , Left cardiac catheterization with selective right and left coronary angiography.,PROCEDURE: , After informed consent was obtained, the patient was brought to the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, and the groin was prepped in the usual fashion.  Using 1% lidocaine, the right groin was infiltrated, and using the Seldinger technique, the right femoral artery was cannulated.  Through this, a moveable guidewire was then advance to the level of the diaphragm, and through it, a 6 French pigtail catheter was advanced under hemodynamic monitoring to the ascending aorta and inserted into the left ventricle.  Pressure measurements were obtained and cineangiograms in the RAO and LAO positions were then obtained.  Catheter was then withdrawn and a #6 French non-bleed-back sidearm sheath was then introduced, and through this, a 6 French Judkins left coronary catheter was then advanced under hemodynamic monitoring to the left coronary ostium, engaged.  Cineangiograms were obtained of the left coronary system.  This catheter was then exchanged for a Judkins right 4 coronary catheter of similar dimension and under hemodynamic monitoring again was advanced to the right coronary ostium, engaged.  Cineangiograms were obtained, and the catheter and sheath were then withdrawn.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and left the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory in stable condition.  No evidence of hematoma formation or active bleeding.  ,COMPLICATIONS: , None.  ,TOTAL CONTRAST: , 110 cc of Hexabrix.  ,TOTAL FLUOROSCOPY TIME:  ,1.8 minutes.  ,MEDICATIONS: , Reglan 10 mg p.o., 5 mg p.o.  Valium, Benadryl 50 mg p.o. and heparin 3,000 units IV push.
Capsulotomy & Flat Advancement, Left Breast  ( Surgery)
Description:  Capsulotomy left breast and flat advancement V to Y, left breast, for correction of lower pole defect (breast assymetry) status post previous breast surgery.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Breast assymetry, status post previous breast surgery.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:  ,Breast assymetry, status post previous breast surgery.,OPERATION: , Capsulotomy left breast, flat advancement V to Y left breast for correction lower pole defect.,ANESTHESIA:,  LMA.,FINDINGS AND PROCEDURE:  ,The patient is a 35-year-old female who presents status post multiple breast surgeries with resultant flatness of the lower pole of the left breast.  The nipple inframammary fold distance is approximately 1.5 cm shorter than the fuller right breast.  The patient has bilateral Mentor-Smooth round moderate projection jell-filled mammary prosthesis, 225 cc.,The patient was marked in the upright position for mobilization of lateral skin flaps and increase in the length of the nipple inframammary fold distance.  She was then brought to the operating room and after satisfactory LMA anesthesia had been induced, the patient was prepped and draped in the usual manger.  The patient received a gram of Kefzol prior to beginning the procedure.  The previous inverted T-scar was excised down to the underlying capsule of the breast implant.  The breast was carefully dissected off of the underlying capsule.  Care being taken to preserve the vascular supply to the skin and breast flap.  When the anterior portion of the breast was dissected free of the underlying capsule, the posterior aspect of the capsule was then dissected off of the underlying pectoralis muscle.  A posterior incision was made on the backside of the capsule at the proximate middle portion of the capsule and then reflected inferiorly thereby creating a superior based capsular flap.  The lateral aspects of the capsule were then opened and the inferior edge of the capsule was then sutured to the underside of the inframammary flap with 2-0 Monocryl statures.  Care was taken to avoid as much exposure of the implant, as well as damage to the implant.  When the flap had been created and advanced, hemostasis was obtained and the area copiously irrigated with a solution of Bacitracin 50,000 units, Kefzol 1 g, gentamicin 80 mg, and 500 cc of saline.  The lateral skin both medially and laterally were then completely freed and the vertical incision of the inverted T was then extended the 2 cm and sutured with a trifurcation suture of 2-0 Biosyn.  This lengthened the vertical portion of the mastopexy scar to allow for descent of the implant and roundness of the inferior pole of the left breast.  The remainder of the inverted T was closed with interrupted sutures of 3 and 2-0 Biosyn and the skin was closed with continuous suture of 5-0 nylon.  Bacitracin and a standard breast dressing were applied.,The anesthesia was terminated and the patient was recovered in the operating room.  Sponge, instrument, needle count reported as corrected.  Estimated blood loss negligible.