smoh/medical-transcriptions huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmology - Letter - 2  ( Letters)
Description:  Patient being referred for evaluation of glaucoma.

XYZ, O.D.,RE:  ABC,DOB:  MM/DD/YYYY,Dear Dr. XYZ:,Thank you for your kind referral for patient ABC.  Mr. ABC is being referred for evaluation of glaucoma.  The patient states he has no visual complaints.,On examination, the patient's visual acuity is 20/20 bilaterally.  The patient's visual fields are full to confrontation.  Extraocular muscles are intact.  There is no relative afferent pupillary defect and applanation pressures are 15 mmHg bilaterally.  On slit lamp examination, the patient has a normal anterior segment with 1+ nuclear sclerosis.  On dilated examination, the patient has a cup-to-disc ratio in the right eye of 0.4.  Macula, vessels, and periphery were within normal limits.  On the left eye, the patient has a cup-to-disc ratio of 0.3 and macula vessels and periphery are also within normal limits.  On gonioscopy, the patient shows deep anterior chamber angle OU and is open to the ciliary body band 360 degrees.,In conclusion, my initial impression is that Mr. ABC does not have glaucoma.  He has fairly symmetric and small cup-to-disc ratios OU.  His intraocular pressures were within normal limits in our office today.  I discussed at length with him the alternatives of observation versus continued work-up and testing.  He seemed to understand very well and went with my recommendation to continue observation for now.  We will take fundus photos of his optic nerves for future comparison, but I think given the lack of any strong findings suspicious for glaucoma, we will defer further testing at this time.,Should you have any specific questions or any other information that you think that I may not have included in this evaluation, please feel free to contact me.  I have recommended him to follow up with you for continued examination, continued check-ups, and should you find any other abnormal findings, I would be happy to address those again.,Again, thank you for your referral of Mr. ABC.,Sincerely,,
Pediatric - Letter  ( Letters)
Description:  9-month-old male product of a twin gestation complicated by some very mild prematurity having problems with wheezing, cough and shortness of breath over the last several months.

Sample Address,RE:  Sample Patient,Dear Doctor:,We had the pleasure of seeing Abc and his mother in the clinic today.  As you certainly know, he is now a 9-month-old male product of a twin gestation complicated by some very mild prematurity.  He has been having problems with wheezing, cough and shortness of breath over the last several months.  You and your partners have treated him aggressively with inhaled steroids and bronchodilator.  Despite this, however; he has had persistent problems with a cough and has been more recently started on both a short burst of prednisolone as well as a more prolonged alternating day course.  ,Although there is no smoke exposure there is a significant family history with both Abc's father and uncle having problems with asthma as well as his older sister.  The parents now maintain separate households and there has been a question about the consistency of his medication administration at his father's house.  ,On exam today, Abc had some scattered rhonchi which cleared with coughing but was otherwise healthy.  ,We spent the majority of our 45-minute just reviewing basic principles of asthma management and I believe that Abc's mother is fairly well versed in this.  I think the most important thing to realize is that Abc probably does have fairly severe childhood asthma and fortunately has avoided hospitalization.  ,I think it would be prudent to continue his alternate day steroids until he is completely symptom free on the days off steroids but it would be reasonable to continue to wean him down to as low as 1.5 milligrams (0.5 milliliters on alternate days).  I have encouraged his mother to contact our office so that we can answer questions if necessary by phone.,Thanks so much for allowing us to be involved in his care.  ,Sincerely,
Ophthalmology - Letter - 1  ( Letters)
Description:  The patient was referred for evaluation of cataracts bilaterally

XYZ, O.D.,RE:  ABC,DOB:  MM/DD/YYYY,Dear Dr. XYZ:,Thank you for your referral of patient ABC.  The patient was referred for evaluation of cataracts bilaterally.,On examination, the patient was seeing 20/40 in her right eye and 20/50 in the left eye.  Extraocular muscles were intact, visual fields were full to confrontation OU, and applanations are 12 mmHg bilaterally.  There is no relative afferent pupillary defect.  On slit lamp examination, lids and lashes were within normal limits.  The conj is quiet.  The cornea shows 1+ guttata bilaterally.  The AC is deep and quiet and irises are within normal limits bilaterally.  There is a dense 3 to 4+ nuclear sclerotic cataract in each eye.  On dilated fundus examination, cup-to-disc ratio is 0.1 OU.  The vitreous, macula, vessels, and periphery all appear within normal limits.,Impression:  It appears that Ms. ABC' visual decline is caused by bilateral cataracts.  She would benefit from having removed.  The patient also showed some mild guttata OU indicating possible early Fuchs dystrophy.  The patient should do well with cataract surgery and I have recommended this and she agreed to proceed with the first eye here shortly.  I will keep you up to date of her progress and any new findings as we perform her surgery in each eye.,Again, thank you for your kind referral of this kind lady and I will be in touch with you.,Sincerely,,
Ophthalmology - Letter - 3  ( Letters)
Description:  Patient referred for narrow angles and possible associated glaucoma.

XYZ, O.D.,RE:  ABC,DOB:  MM/DD/YYYY,Dear XYZ:,Thank you very much for your kind referral of Mrs. ABC who you referred to me for narrow angles and possible associated glaucoma.  I examined Mrs. ABC initially on MM/DD/YYYY.  At that time, she expressed a chief concern of occasional pain around her eye, but denied any flashing lights, floaters, halos, or true brow ache.  She reports a family history of glaucoma in her mother, but is unsure of the specific kind.  Her past ocular history has been fairly unremarkable.  As you know, she has a history of non-insulin dependent diabetes.  She is unaware of her last hemoglobin A1c levels, but reports a blood sugar of 158 taken on the morning of her appointment with me.  She is followed by Dr. X here locally.,Upon examination, her visual acuity measured 20/20-1 in either eye with her glasses.  Presenting intraocular pressures were14 mmHg in either eye at 2:03 p.m.  Pupillary reactions, confrontational visual fields, and ocular motility were normal.  The slit lamp exam revealed narrow anterior chambers and on gonioscopy only the buried anterior trabecular meshwork was visible in either eye, but the angle deepened with gonio-compression suggesting appositional and not synechial closure.  I deferred the dilated portion of the exam on that day.,We proceeded with peripheral iridectomies and following this upon her most recent visit on MM/DD/YYYY, I was able to safely dilate her eyes as her chambers had deepened and the PIs were patent.  I note that she has an increased CD ratio measuring 0.65 in the right eye and 0.7 in the left and although her FDT visual fields and GDX testing were normal at your office, she does have an enlarged blind spot in either eye on Humphrey visual fields and retinal tomography also shows some suspicious changes.  Therefore, I feel she has sustained some optic nerve damage perhaps from intermittent angle closure in the past.,In summary, Mrs. ABC has a history of narrow angles not successfully treated with laser PIs.  Her intraocular pressures have remained stable.  I will continue to monitor her closely.,Thank you very much once again for allowing me to have shared in her care.  If I can provide any additional information or be of further service, do let me know.,Sincerely,,
Gastroenterology - Letter  ( Letters)
Description:  Female with intermittent rectal bleeding, not associated with any weight loss.  The patient is chronically constipated.

Sample Address,Re:  Mrs. Sample Patient,Dear Sample Doctor:,I had the pleasure of seeing your patient, Mrs. Sample Patient , in my office today.  Mrs. Sample Patient is a 48-year-old, African-American female with a past medical history of hypertension and glaucoma, who was referred to me to be evaluated for intermittent rectal bleeding.  The patient denies any weight loss, does have a good appetite, no nausea and no vomiting.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,  Significant for hypertension and diabetes.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY:,  The patient denies any past surgical history.,MEDICATIONS:,  The patient takes Cardizem CD 240-mg.  The patient also takes eye drops.,ALLERGIES:,  The patient denies any allergies.,SOCIAL HISTORY:,  The patient smokes about a pack a day for more than 25 years.  The patient drinks alcohol socially.,FAMILY HISTORY:,  Significant for hypertension and strokes.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:,  The patient does have a good appetite and no weight loss.  She does have intermittent rectal bleeding associated with irritation in the rectal area.  The patient denies any nausea, any vomiting, any night sweats, any fevers or any chills.,The patient denies any shortness of breath, any chest pain, any irregular heartbeat or chronic cough.,The patient is chronically constipated.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,  This is a 48 year-old lady who is awake, alert and oriented x 3.  She does not seem to be in any acute distress.  Her vital signs are blood pressure is 130/70 with a heart rate of 75 and respirations of 16.  HEENT is normocephalic, atraumatic.  Sclerae are non-icteric.  Her neck is supple, no bruits, no lymph nodes.  Lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally, no crackles, no rales and no wheezes.  The cardiovascular system has a regular rate and rhythm, no murmurs.  The abdomen is soft and non-tender.  Bowel sounds are positive and no organomegaly.  Extremities have no edema.,IMPRESSION:,  This is a 48-year-old female presenting with painless rectal bleeding not associated with any weight loss.  The patient is chronically constipated.,1.  Rule out colon cancer.,2.  Rule out colon polyps. ,3.  Rule out hemorrhoids, which is the most likely diagnosis.,RECOMMENDATIONS:,  Because of the patient's age, the patient will need to have a complete colonoscopy exam.,The patient will also need to have a CBC check and monitor.,The patient will be scheduled for the colonoscopy at Sample Hospital and the full report will be forwarded to your office.,Thank you very much for allowing me to participate in the care of your patient.,Sincerely yours,,Sample Doctor, MD
Cerebral Palsy - Letter  ( Letters)
Description:  Diagnosis of bulbar cerebral palsy and hypotonia. 

Doctor's Address,Dear Doctor:,This letter serves as an introduction to my patient, A, who will be seeing you in the near future.  He is a pleasant young man who has a diagnosis of bulbar cerebral palsy and hypotonia.  He has been treated by Dr. X through the pediatric neurology clinic.  He saw Dr. X recently and she noted that he was having difficulty with mouth breathing, which was contributing to some of his speech problems.  She also noted and confirmed that he has significant tonsillar hypertrophy.  The concern we have is whether he may benefit from surgery to remove his tonsils and improve his mouth breathing and his swallowing and speech.  Therefore, I ask for your opinion on this matter.,For his chronic allergic rhinitis symptoms, he is currently on Flonase two sprays to each nostril once a day.  He also has been taking Zyrtec 10 mg a day with only partial relief of the symptoms.  He does have an allergy to penicillin.,I appreciate your input on his care.  If you have any questions regarding, please feel free to call me through my office.  Otherwise, I look forward to hearing back from you regarding his evaluation.
Letter - Dentistry  ( Letters)
Description:  Letter on evaluation regarding extraction of mandibular left second molar tooth #18.

XYZ, S.,RE:  ABC,Dear Dr. XYZ,On your kind referral, I had the pleasure of meeting and consulting with ABC on MM/DD/YYYY for evaluation regarding extraction of his mandibular left second molar tooth #18.  This previously root-canaled tooth, now failed, is scheduled for removal.  As per your request, I agree that placement of an implant in the #20 and #19 positions would allow for immediate functional replacement of the bridge which has recently been lost in this area.,I have given Mr. ABC an estimate for the surgical aspects of this case and suggested he combine this with your prosthetic or restorative fees in order to have a full understanding of the costs involved with this process.,We will plan to place two Straumann implants as per our normal protocol, one each in the #19 and 20 positions, with the #19 implant being a wide-neck, larger diameter implant.  I will plan on providing the prosthetic abutments, the lab analogue, and temporary healing cap at the end of the four-month integration period.  If you have any additional suggestions or concerns, please give me a call.,Best regards,,
Cardiology - Letter  ( Letters)
Description:  Follow up update on patient with left carotid angioplasty and stent placement.

Please accept this letter of follow up on patient xxx xxx. He is now three months out from a left carotid angioplasty and stent placement. He was a part of a CapSure trial. He has done quite well, with no neurologic or cardiac event in the three months of follow up. He had a follow-up ultrasound performed today that shows the stent to be patent, with no evidence of significant recurrence.,Sincerely,,XYZ, MD,
Abnormal Cholesterol Result - Letter  ( Letters)
Description:  Letter to the patient to let him know about his abnormal cholesterol test results.

ABNORMAL CHOLESTEROL RESULT LETTER,Recently you had a cholesterol test done.  The cholesterol levels were abnormal.  These are usually associated with increased risk for stroke and heart attack.  I am writing this letter to you to let you know that your levels are high enough that I think intervention is the next best step.  I would like you to make an appointment, if you are interested in treatment for this.  There are several treatment options available at this time.  Diet is one of the options, although there is limited reduction in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol with dieting.  Most of the time under strict diet patients can achieve a 15% reduction in cholesterol.  If your cholesterol levels are moderate to severely elevated, usually diet is not the first line of therapy.  If you are diabetic or have hypertension these two also increase your risk with the combination of hypercholesterolemia.  Most of the time cholesterol that is elevated is from your genetic background and is independent of diet.  New research shows that treatment of high cholesterol can decrease your risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.,Again, I am recommending at least we discuss medical treatment for hypercholesterolemia.  Please consider calling for a followup appointment concerning your cholesterol levels.  If you should have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.  I am enclosing a copy of your lab results for your review.
Immunohistochemical Study  ( Lab Medicine - Pathology)
Description:  Specimen - Lung, left lower lobe resection.  Sarcomatoid carcinoma with areas of pleomorphic/giant cell carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma.  The tumor closely approaches the pleural surface but does not invade the pleura.

CLINICAL HISTORY: , Patient is a 37-year-old female with a history of colectomy for adenoma.  During her preop evaluation it was noted that she had a lesion on her chest x-ray.  CT scan of the chest confirmed a left lower mass.,SPECIMEN: , Lung, left lower lobe resection.,IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES:,  Tumor cells show no reactivity with cytokeratin AE1/AE3.  No significant reactivity with CAM5.2 and no reactivity with cytokeratin-20 are seen.  Tumor cells show partial reactivity with cytokeratin-7.  PAS with diastase demonstrates no convincing intracytoplasmic mucin.  No neuroendocrine differentiation is demonstrated with synaptophysin and chromogranin stains.  Tumor cells show cytoplasmic and nuclear reactivity with S100 antibody.  No significant reactivity is demonstrated with melanoma marker HMB-45 or Melan-A.  Tumor cell nuclei (spindle cell and pleomorphic/giant cell carcinoma components) show nuclear reactivity with thyroid transcription factor marker (TTF-1).  The immunohistochemical studies are consistent with primary lung sarcomatoid carcinoma with pleomorphic/giant cell carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma components.,FINAL DIAGNOSIS:,Histologic Tumor Type:  Sarcomatoid carcinoma with areas of pleomorphic/giant cell carcinoma and spindle cell carcinoma.,Tumor Size:  2.7 x 2.0 x 1.4 cm.,Visceral Pleura Involvement:  The tumor closely approaches the pleural surface but does not invade the pleura.,Vascular Invasion:  Present.,Margins:  Bronchial resection margins and vascular margins are free of tumor.,Lymph Nodes:  Metastatic sarcomatoid carcinoma into one of four hilar lymph nodes.,Pathologic Stage:  pT1N1MX.
Pathology - Prostate  ( Lab Medicine - Pathology)
Description:  Prostate adenocarcinoma and erectile dysfunction - Pathology report.

SPECIMENS:,1.  Pelvis-right pelvic obturator node.,2.  Pelvis-left pelvic obturator node.,3.  Prostate.,POST-OPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Adenocarcinoma of prostate, erectile dysfunction.,DIAGNOSTIC OPINION:,1.  Adenocarcinoma, Gleason score 9, with tumor extension to periprostatic tissue, margin involvement, and tumor invasion to seminal vesicle, prostate.,2.  No evidence of metastatic carcinoma, right pelvic obturator lymph node.,3.  Metastatic adenocarcinoma, left obturator lymph node; see description.,CLINICAL HISTORY: , None listed.,GROSS DESCRIPTION:,Specimen #1 labeled "right pelvic obturator lymph nodes" consists of two portions of adipose tissue measuring 2.5 x 1x 0.8 cm and 2.5 x 1x 0.5 cm.  There are two lymph nodes measuring 1 x 0.7 cm and 0.5 x 0.5 cm.  The entire specimen is cut into several portions and totally embedded.,Specimen #2 labeled "left pelvic obturation lymph nodes" consists of an adipose tissue measuring 4 x 2 x 1 cm.  There are two lymph nodes measuring 1.3 x 0.8 cm and 1 x 0.6 cm.  The entire specimen is cut into 1 cm.  The entire specimen is cut into several portions and totally embedded.,Specimen #3 labeled "prostate" consists of a prostate.  It measures 5 x 4.5 x 4 cm.  The external surface shows very small portion of seminal vesicles attached in both sides with tumor induration.  External surface also shows tumor induration especially in right side.  External surface is stained with green ink.  The cut surface shows diffuse tumor induration especially in right side.  The tumor appears to extend to excision margin.  Multiple representative sections are made.,MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION:,Section #1 reveals lymph node.  There is no evidence of metastatic carcinoma.,Section #2 reveals lymph node with tumor metastasis in section of large lymph node as well as section of small lymph node.,Section #3 reveals adenocarcinoma of prostate.  Gleason's score 9 (5+4).  The tumor shows extension to periprostatic tissue as well as margin involvement.  Seminal vesicle attached to prostate tissue shows tumor invasion.  Dr. XXX reviewed the above case.  His opinion agrees with the above diagnosis.,SUMMARY:,A.  Adenocarcinoma of prostate, Gleason's score 9, with both lobe involvement and seminal vesicle involvement (T3b).,B.  There is lymph node metastasis (N1).,C.  Distant metastasis cannot be assessed (MX).,D.  Excision margin is positive and there is tumor extension to periprostatic tissue.
Pathology - Ovarian Cyst  ( Lab Medicine - Pathology)
Description:  Specimen labeled "right ovarian cyst" is received fresh for frozen section.

GROSS DESCRIPTION: ,  Specimen labeled "right ovarian cyst" is received fresh for frozen section.  It consists of a smooth-walled, clear fluid filled cyst measuring 13x12x7 cm and weighing 1351 grams with fluid.  Both surfaces of the wall are pink-tan, smooth and grossly unremarkable.  No firm or thick areas or papillary structures are noted on the cyst wall externally or internally.  After removal the fluid, the cyst weight 68 grams.  The fluid is transparent and slightly mucoid.  A frozen section is submitted.,DIAGNOSIS: , Benign cystic ovary.,
Lung adenocarcinoma Path Report  ( Lab Medicine - Pathology)
Description:  Probable right upper lobe lung adenocarcinoma.  Specimen is received fresh for frozen section, labeled with the patient's identification and "Right upper lobe lung".

CLINICAL HISTORY:  ,Probable right upper lobe lung adenocarcinoma.,SPECIMEN: , Lung, right upper lobe resection.,GROSS DESCRIPTION:,  Specimen is received fresh for frozen section, labeled with the patient's identification and "Right upper lobe lung".  It consists of one lobectomy specimen measuring 16.1 x 10.6 x,4.5.cm.  The specimen is covered by a smooth, pink-tan and gray pleural surface which is largely unremarkable.  Sectioning reveals a round, ill-defined, firm, tan-gray mucoid mass.  This mass measures 3.6 x 3.3 x 2.7 cm and is located 3.7 cm from the closest surgical margin and 3.9 cm from the hilum.  There is no necrosis or hemorrhage evident.  The tumor grossly appears to abut, but not invade through, the visceral pleura, and the overlying pleura is puckered.,FINAL DIAGNOSIS:,  Right lung, upper lobe, lobectomy:  Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, mucinous type,COMMENT:,  Right upper lobe, lobectomy.,Tumor type:  Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, mucinous type.,Histologic grade:  Well differentiated.,Tumor size (greatest diameter):  3.6 cm.,Blood/lymphatic vessel invasion:  Absent.,Perineural invasion:  Absent.,Bronchial margin:  Negative.,Vascular margin:  Negative.,Inked surgical margin:  Negative.,Visceral pleura:  Not involved.,In situ carcinoma:  Absent.,Non-neoplastic lung:  Emphysema.,Hilar lymph nodes:  Number of positive lymph nodes:  0; Total number of lymph nodes:  1.,P53 immunohistochemical stain is negative in the tumor.
Pathology - Sesamoid Bone  ( Lab Medicine - Pathology)
Description:  Specimen labeled "sesamoid bone left foot".

GROSS DESCRIPTION: , Specimen labeled "sesamoid bone left foot" is received in formalin and consists of three irregular fragments of grey-brown, hard, bony tissue admixed with multiple fragments of brown-tan, rubbery, fibrocollagenous, soft tissue altogether measuring 3.1 x 1.5 x 0.9 cm.  The specimen is entirely submitted, after decalcification.,DIAGNOSIS:,  Acute Osteomyelitis, with foci of marrow fibrosis.,Focal acute and chronic inflammation of fascia and soft tissue.  Arteriosclerosis, severely occlusive.