smithclay/nortonstories huggingface dataset:
Year: 1872

In continuation of series ofinteresting experiments on the melting and regelation of ice, MT. Aitken, of England, has dis

 covered that solid bodies, of considerable size, may be introduced into blocks office, in such a manner as shall give the appear ance of their having been contained ill the liquid previous to the freezing. The phenomena of rsgelation, as described and illustrated by Professor Thompson, may be rendered clear Ly simple experiment. Over block of ice, either supported on two boards, placed nearly together, or held firmly between the jaws or oarpen- ter's vice, loop of fine wire is passed, to the lower side of which 8 suitable weight is attached. Thus arranged, the wire will cut its way into and finally through the block and yet not only will there be no division, but all traces of the passage of the wire will have disappeared, the ice remaining as solid as before. The cause of this retreeEing or regelation of the ice along the line of division Is explained by Professor Thompson, on the theory that the freezing-point of water is lowered by pressure, and also that ice has tendency to melt, when forces are applied which tend to change it's form. The ice being, therefore, at lower temperature below the wire, transfer of heat takes place from above, which, in turn, leaves the water that has passed around the wire at a temperature sufficiently below the freez- ing-point to cause it to again congeal, thus closing up the cavity made by the passage of the wire. In order to prove that the refreezing was due to the with drGwal of latent heat, from the overlying strata of water, MT. Aitken adopted the following means: When the wire above mentioned had passed halfway through the block, the loop was cut and the weight removed, thus leaving it enclosed in and surrounded by 6 wall of ice. To one end of this wire silver coin wss attached by its centre, and then drawn down against the surface of the block by the aid of weight attached to the op- posite end. Thus it was found easy to embed this coin in the centre of the block for, as the metal was a ready conductor of heat, the passage of it was in nowise obstructed; but, when thin layer of India-rubber-a non conductor

 was placed against the upper surface of the metal disk, it was found that, even with weight of ninety pounds, applied for four hours, the coin sank only short distance "a result which would seem to establish the fact that there was, in the first case, a passage of heat through the metal, and that, by the introduction of 8 non-conduoter, this passage was obstruct-
Year: 1872

The officers and crew of the steamer Victor, which was wrecked off the Flori- da coast, have arrived in the City of Aus tin. The disaster was fortunately not &C., companied by loss of life, but the sufferers tell pitiful story e nardships which re- quired robust constitutions to survive. The vessel had passed Cape Hatteras and Cape Canavaral. The wind at that time was blowing hard from the east, but no one suspected any reason for disaster when, about eight in the evening, two hours after making Jupiter Light, the shaft broke of as if severed by some sud den blow even with the stuffng- box, and the vessel began filling rapidly. The pumps were immediately manned and sails set, but notwithstanding all their efforts there was soon three feet of water in the hold. They succeeded in stopping the part of the leak which was in sight, but the vessel then struck bottom, and continued pumping about in heavy sea till completely filled with water. The rest of the night was spent in making pre- parations for getting to shore. At day break the vessel broke in two amidships, but they succeeded in lowering boat and running 6 line to the shore. The morning was spent in landing the women and children, and by two in the afternoon all were safely on shore, with no loss of life, although three boats swamped in making the passage from the wreck to the shore. Their troubles had but begun, however. Their refugewas barren strip of sand, and almost their sole dependence for pro- visions was the wreck they had abandoned. This boats crew succeeding in visiting that afternoon and brought off some ships stores, but the vessel broke up in the night, and by morning but her lohimneys and cylinders could be seen off shore. The night was one of fearful suffering. The only protection from the gale was a few pieces of convass under which the woman and children huddled in vain search for warmth. The storm, instead of abating, increaed in violence. The steamer General Meade took the people off and the next day they fell in with the City of Austin, which broughtthe officers and crew to New York, the passengers proceeding to New Orleans. The vessel and cargo are total loss.
Year: 1872

TIME TO STUDY.-Undoubted the best time for self improvement comes to us in our youth. Life is so short that but little can be accomplished without care full husbandry of what there is oft. Two hours in the morning and two in the evening, devoted daily to study. will make wide difference in single season be- tween young man who adopts this prac- tice, and one of equal natural capacity who sleeps through his mornings, and dissipates, or even idles away his evenings. The early morning hours are favorable to study. Let any young man adopt the practice of two hours systematic reading before breakfast, for six months of the year, and he will find that he has acquired in that time knowledge which he would not part with for any price. Something a cup of coffee, for instance; or piece of bread and butter should always be taken before beginning to read. Study upon an entirely empty stomach is too exhausting to the system. Try the experiment of rising in winter, and study or reading be-

 fore breakfast. and you will never wish to give it up. This is all important to young men whose habits are not yet formed. 1t

 will make wide difference to them in the degree of intelligence which they will

 possess, and in the character and standing which they will acquire in the community.
Year: 1872

POWDER AND GAs.-It has been ascer- tained that the fumes of the purifying rooms of gas works will cure the whoop- ing cough. To test It, q lady the wife of one of our merchants, took two of her children there. The superintendent of the works very kindly waited upon her to the rooms. After few moments, he noticed black streak along the forehead near the hair, but supposing she had made it by some crook from her fingers thought nothing more of it, and he left the pSrties to inhale the vapors. When ready to depart, he suggested to the lady that before she went back to the city, she had better look in the mirror, which she did, and was not a little sur prised to find her face as black as char coal. from the hair around to the ears, and under the chin. After much scrub ping with soap and water she succeeded in making herself white. She inquired anxiously of the superintendent, who is a family man and knows how 1t is him. self, what could possibly have caused it. He very politely intimated that it might be something she put on her face before she came there, which she indignantly denied-she didn't ''powder," not she. 'sMadam," said he ''that's too thin. Yo can't cheat the gas works"
Year: 1872

THE EXPERIENCE OF AN EDIToR.-The editor of the Arizona Miner says: ct will soon be ten years since we first ar- rived in this Territory, and, in looking back over our long residence here, memory fails to point out one week in which one or more white men have not been murder ed by Indians, and in which valuable pro- perty has not been stolen or destroyed by the same people. For five years of this time our duty as editor of this paper has compelled us to record most of the bloody deeds that have been enacted, as we'll as to note and comment on the losses that lave been sustained by our citizens. And again, it has faken to our lot to view the mangled remains of many of the victims of savage terocity, to feel for those whose last dollars worth of property was taken from them; to losc property of our own; to be made target of by Apaches; to be on the watch against surprise, and to have our hair erect itself, and to stand ride and walk in fear and trembling of the lurking savages. Need we say, then, that we are tired of this state of affairs, tired ofthe un- pleasant duty it has forced us to perform ] Scarcely"
Year: 1872

author. But II " the feet OF those who bring the glad
tdings of peace still beaufu II the noble con-
duct Of these the question Of universal amnesty


the enfanchisemen Of the intellect and virtue OF tho
South, is TO be considered how hesitatef "He
that doubteth is damned" Who like these men, have


held up TO the scOn Of their counynen the thieves who
nave robbed us Who has fought harder for the reso
ration of power in the South to her who bear the
scars OF battle In Missouri, who faced the power OF
the Administration aud deed its thunders for the en-
franehsement of her noble people Where can you find
men who like Gratz Brown and Carl Schurz would have
rsked fame station and power against the most power
fu influence Of the most powerful government In the
word3 No common man ever carried such nag OF
victory 1t brought back stars TO empyrean OF blue


Let such lead in the coming campaign, and cease
70 ;ak about defeat. WRITE trust, in no spirit OF
dictatiOn but of prompt. energetic and determined
ac ion. AUGUSTUS T. WRIGHT.
Year: 1872

HELD AT CINCINNATI, MAY !, Z, AND q, 1917.


Now that the Presidential campaign is fairly open
ing, and angry discussions have already begun,
which may draw people away from the substantial
points in ISSUE it is well enough to invite their at
tention again to the actual platform of principles
presented by the Cincinnati Convention on which
its candidates stand and for the approval OF which
they appeal to the people. Republicans are specially
invited to consider whether OF not this is good he
pubcanism:
Year: 1872

Reflect that sound mind and body are the
most necessary requisites to promote connubisl
hanniness Indeed, without these the journey
through life becomes q weary pilgrimage, the
prospect hourly darkcns to the view, the mind
becomes shadowedi with despair, and filled with
the melancholy reflection that tue happiness of
another is blighted with our own.
Year: 1872

The chief objects of interest around the
City Hall at present are the preparations
going forward for the reception OF the
Grand Duke Monday. The platform in
front of the main entrance to the Hall is
quite an imposing looking structure, as are
the seats ON the opposite side of the street.
1t is estimated that these will accommodate
comfortably about 5000 people. It will be
found, however, scarcely equal to that.


The Department of Waterworks are max
ing repairs to the water plugs and mains in
various parts of the city, besides the laying
of large quantity of new pipe, with view
of extending water facilities.


The Department of Improvements is hur-
rying to get all the streets in order by the
thirteenth instant. Everything vii! be in
excellent order for Mardi Gras.
Year: 1872

[Continued from last week.


shall be treated as an offense, misdemeanor
or crime, as the like ofense would be re-
garded when inflicted upon any other citi-
zen outside of the insane asylums. They
shall! have power to discharge any attendant
or employe who is found 10 have been guilty
Of misdemeanor, meriting such discharge ;
and in all these trials for misdemcanor Of
fense, or crime, the testimony Of patients
shall be taken and considered for what it is
worth, and no employe at the Asylum shall
be allowed to sit upon any jury before whom
these cases are tried. Said Committee shall
make an annual report to the Governor Of
the State.


SEC. z. The names Of this visiting CON-
mittce, and their post-office address, shall
be kept posted in every ward in the asylum,
and every inmate in the asylum shall be al
lowed to write when aud what they please
to this committee, and to any other person
they may choose.


Provided, The superintendent may. if he
think proper, send letters addressed to other
parties, to the visiting committee for inspec-
ton before forwarded to the individual ad-
dressed. And any member Of this commit
tee who shall neglect to heed the calls Of the
patient to him for protection, when proved
to have been needed, shall be deemed unit
fer his office, and shall be discharged by tho
Governor.


SEC. 8. Each and every person, confined
ia any insane asylum within the State OF
iowa, shall be furnished by the Superin-
tendent or party having charge Of such per-
Year: 1872

A sunny Saturday once more and
some May blue in the sky and spring
breath in the air. The early flowers
have blushed their best and are tad.
ell and gone to make room for the
brighter tints and aroma that the
hot summer calls from the later
blooms.


Pity It's that life of men and wo.
men cannot always serve the same
beautiful and kindly purpose as the
flower But our kindness for each
other comes too often when the turf
| is between us and the body we war.
red upon has bloomed into spirit
that We cannot strike.
II only a tithe of the post mortem
sympathy, which suffuses our eyes
when standing by the clay Of an ene-
my, could come to US and be with us
every day how few enmitles there
would be in the world!
We oppose the plans of another
and crowd him out of paths he would
tread and crush his spirit until he
hates mankind and himself and goes
down cursing. And when he's dead
how kindly we can tcel and what
good things we can say
But reflect that that same kind
ness born into being when we first
found the man in our way would
have broadened the path enough for
us to have walked therein side by
side and we would not be wanting so
much to grasp IN forgiveness hand
that is mouldercd away. And alter
all the dead man whom, living. we
pursued, will be happier with the
cold clods between his set face and
the sunshine than we who repent too
late to be forgiven.


Tomorrow the birds will sing
around our houses and the blessed
rest and peace OF the day OH which
the Creator rested will be with U.S.
| Tomorrow the fresh earth will be
turned back upon the gray head OF
an old man and the sun will glsten
its last upon the short, brown coffin
OF child. SO for each one,
.'Some day the sun will be shining
On the rose trees and poppics in bloom;
And some day the moaning a nd pining
viii stop at tho door Of tomb.
Some day the hearts happy fullness


Will yield to reckonings pain:
Some day life's heaviest-dullness-


Will drop from the poor fevered brain.
The strife, and the toll, the defending,


The man at war with the few,
Must all one day have an ending


The false put away from the true.
Some day the dream will be broken,


Some day the veil be rent down,
Some day the bitter words spoken,


When the bright things have faded and


flown.


Some day the years will be going


On, on, with new pledges-they mus I:
And some day the grass will be growing


Ger hearts then but pitiful dust.
But the sobbing, the moaning and crying,


Or the storm, though it battle and rave,
Ne'er shall rouse us, so peacefully lying


So far from it all in tx grave.
And down with all hoping AMI grieying.


The loves and the hates passed away,
We shall joy to know we are leaving


Earth's empty possessions, some day.


-T STATE press
Year: 1872

The Death Trap OF tho Harlem Railroad


ON Fourth Avenue Still Doing Its Fa-


tai Work-Inquest ON tho Body OF AM


other Victim.


Coroner keenan, was yesterday called to the
Morgne to hold an inquest on the body OF Lawrence
Kelly, man ifty-four years Of age, and born in
Ireland, who died In Bellevue Hospital the previous
afternoon. On Saturday morning deceased, stone
cutter by occupation, while crossing Fourth
avenue, near Fifty street, was knocked down
by an outward bound train OF cars belonging to
the New Haven Railroad Company and had both
his legs fearfuly crushed death being the result.
condition from the effects OF cancer with which
she has long suffered.
Year: 1872

A Broadway dandy, whose clothes
were as fragrant Of musk, cologne,
and other perfumes as though they
had been dipped in a tank of extracts,
was exhibiting himself on the steps OF
one of our hotels, when a Yankee
from the country came ont and stood
beside him, to his great annoyance.
lie showed his disgust III many ways,
and finally tried to raise a laugh at
the Yankees expense. The Yankee
took no oifense; but said to him: II
say, shall | tell you how to take the
smell out of them ere clothes? There
is no use of carrying that ere smell
round. You jist bury them ere
clothes about a foot in the sand, and
in week they'll smell as sweet as
mine" Our dandy has not since
been visible to the naked eye.
Year: 1872

Once give your mind up to a suspi-
cion and fear, and there will be sure
to be food enough for it. In the still
est night the air is filled with sounds
for the wakeful ear that is resolved to
listnn
Year: 1872

Youth and age have too little SYM
pathy with each other. If the young
would remember that they may be
old, and the old remember that they
have been young, the world would bc
hnnnipr.
Year: 1872

BosroN is to have yet another news
paper, the Journal of Commerce, which
is to put in sn appearance on the 81 OF
November. 1t is TO be a commercial
and financial paper, aud there is no
reason why it should not flourish, as
Boston has not now a daily journal with
that distinctive character.
Year: 1872

THE usual complaints at this time Of
the yesr of scarcity Of pavagable
water in the Western and Southern
rivers begin to be heard, but so far the
difficulty is much less serious than at
this time last year, and the season is
now so far advanced that 1t is hopsd
the worst has already be reached.
Year: 1872

cords to the acre. Then plow and subsoil
and the land is ready for the trees


The trees for setting should not be more
than two years from the grating and three
or four from seed. The advantages of using
these small trees are several 1t is less work
TO set them. They can be removed from the
nursery without injury to roots if done with
care. Their growth will be but little retarded
ny transplantlng. Very few will consequent
~ De lost After transplanting the trees
should be mulched with hay, straw. brakes.
leaves, muck, or something of the kind To
promote the growth Of the trees. the ground
should be cultivated and manured yearly
until the trees commence bearing. Then il
may be laid down to grass and sheep pastured
there. The mulching of the trees should he
continued from the time of planting as lono
as the trees continue to produce fruit. The
mulching should extend as far as the limbs
of the tree extend. Ashes are one of the
very best OF fertilizers for trees and should
be freely used.


Pruning requires the exercise of good iudg-
ment aud much experience. Great injury
has been done to apple trees by injudicious
pruning. The cutting off of large limbs or of
many limbs at one time, should be done. with
the greatest caution. The leaves ofthe tree
are its lungs and digestive organs, and if
largely diminished by severe pruning, it will
be sure to damage and perhaps even destroy
the tree Many old orchards have been de
stroyed by injudiciously cutting off too much
OF the top at once in grating. Instead of
grating part of the top each year the whole
has been at once grated. Then if the scions
lived well, in the course of three or four wears
the whole top viii have been removed. expos-
ing the trunk to the scorching of the SUMS
rays and the injurious drying of the winds.
Many trees have been lost in this way that by
little more care and by occupying a longer
PERIOD OF time IN accomplishing the renewal
OF the top, might have been made valuable
Many young trees have also been ruined in
the same way. A young tree that is large
enough to graft in the limbs should not have
its top nearly all cut off at once and graffed.
ms IS doing too great violence to the tree.
1t is too much like removing all the limbs of
a man by amputation at once. The .Isbock,,
TO ms system would be likely to prove fatal
to him. P'O'o i"'''


So it Is with the tree. And it Is so far
from being wonder that so MANY vouno
trees have been killed in this way, that it is
much greater wonder that any have survived
such treatment. 1t shows that the recu
peratIve powers of nature are great, though
not sufficient to endure all the injury that
can be inflicted.


frunlng should be commenced when the
Tree Is young and attended to every wear so
that all that is required can be performed
Win sharp pocket knife. By continued at
tention very much of the needful trimming
can be affected when the shoots first start
with the thumb and finger. This will avoid


al mutiiatlons OF trees by removing large
branches.
Year: 1872

CAUSES OF FAILURE.


In our last we gave our reasons for consid-
ering the failure of New York trees in this
State, as due to the worthless character OF
the trees themselves: These trees being the
products of gratis s in pieces Of old roots,
are wosthless. We will proceed now to no
tice other causes of failure of young orch
ards in Maine.


EXHAUSTED SOIL.


Soil exhausted of its virgin fertility is unfit
for successful tree growing. Little difficult
ty was experienced, by the first settlers in
that State, in raising fine healthy trees, with
no further care than the setting Of the same.
What we want for success is soil as near
like the soil of newly cleared land as we can
hsve it. Land which is cleared now is not
lust the same as formerly. Then all the hea-
Wy growth of wood was burned upon the land
and the ashes all left to enrich the virgin soil.
The great heat generated by such fires, also,
was not without its beneficial effect upon the
lnsoluble mineral elements of the soil, render
ing them valuable and available for plant
food. But the most valuable element we con-
sider to have been the ashes resulting from
the destruction of such vast quantities of
wood. The lesson then to be learned from
this, is, that the land cleared by the modern
method of removing all the wood, requires,
in order to render it as well adopted to
orcharding as our primeval orchard
ing land, free application of ashes.
Having land recently cleared and
applying goodly quantity of ashes, it is well
adapted to the raising Of apple trees. With
such land there would be comparatively few
failures, with good trees for transplant
ing.


On the majority of farms there is no new
land Tor this purpose. Then the question
arises how is an old field of exhausted land
to be best prepared foran orchard. If retent-
I've OF moisture, the land should be thorough
ly underdrained. 1t should also be planted
one or two years and well manured, This
pulverizes the soil, destroys the sod, and rem
ders the land in condition to receive the
trees. 1t would be well before setting the
trees to apply heavy dressing of muck csm-
posted with ashes at the late of twenty-five
Year: 1872

A most alarming phase of tie horse dis
tempsr-the atrocious jokes to which really
well meaning persons resort to keep up their
spirits. To laugh or weep at half of them
would cause serious interruption to business.
Year: 1872

Olive Logan having herself been brought
around to think cit would have been money
in her pocket, had she taken to millinery
instead of literature" the popular regret on
that score must now be considered unani-
nous.
Year: 1872

TAKE Simmons Liver Regulator regularly,
enjoy health yourself and give qualification
TO those about you.


You will have cause to bless the day you
heard of Simmons Liver Regulator.
Year: 1872

from lands end to lands end, that ell may
read, aud reading, believe, that for the
countless millions who are on the road to
an untimsly grave with bilious complaints,
there is bat one truly great and reliable
remedy, and that is