Year: 1871

IL was not owing to the Police Commits
sioners, who made the singular bunder Of
prohibiting the parade of the International
societies, but to the good sense of the members
OF the association, that our citizens did not wit
ness riot and probably bloodshed in the streets
of New York yesterday. The great body of
the members refrained from turning out, but
about hundred gathered at Cooper Institute
and started in procession along Fourth ave-
nue.. The police, who were on hand in great
force, arrested six of the men who marched at
the head of the line and conveyed them to the
station house, no opposition being made
by their associates, although the crowd
of lookers-on indulged in groans and
Kisses at the expense of the captors. The
names OF those arrested are given in the re-
port of the affair. Just at the moment that
our own police authorities are so singularly
stultifying themselves by q crusade against
the Internationals we have a fine defence of
their objects from Emilio Castelar,, the bril-
liant orator of Spain, who has just de-
livered one of his characteristic speeches
in the Spanish Cortes We reproduce the
speech in another page this morning as it
was forwarded to us by the HERALD's corre-
spondent in Madrid. The speech is in defence
Of the International Society of Workmen, which
in Spain is making rapid strides towards the
perfection of strong and complete organiza-
ton. Castelar, Of the many prominent men
who have undertaken to elucidate the work.
ings Of this powerful association, is well quail
od for tho too Hot hoe nv;v IN cuhia iact
earnest study, been present at some Of its
Congresses, and has watched with not little
anxiety the progress of its development Yet
he is not OF the International-at least he says
so. The subject gave him full scope and he
made the mostof His Discourse led him over
the whole field of European politics, and with
that skill and directness Of purpose with which
CASTELAR,, even in his loftiest flights of fancy,
is noted, he brought all his knowledge Of
history, all his acquaintance with law and all
his study of morality to bear on the subject
which he rose to discuss.


Don Fernando Garrido an advanced repub-
lican in the European sense of the word, pre-
ceded CASTELAR, in the debate. Garrido
defended the International In manner which
left nothing to be desired by the most devoted
adherent Of that organization, and his attacks
on religion were as violent as the most ad-
vanced atheist could wish for. With CASTELAR,,
however, it was different His argument was
hours he occupied the floor, he neither wearied
his auditors nor shocked their religious convic-
tions By language such as flowed from the
lips of Sefor Garrido. He contended it was
not the International that it was the aim of
the C0rtes to suppress so much as it was the
desire to curb the freedom of thought and
deny the right of association. 1t was to de-
fend these that he rose, and to maintain such
rights was duty which he should continue
to perform at all hazards. In speaking of
the International, what it is and what it
aspires to, he entered fllly into q description
of the political condition of Europe at the
present time and described the development,
of the society throughout the Continent. The
spread OF socialistic theories was also, he
contended, a marked feature of the age
in which we live. Tracing these ideas
from early time and through various
epochs, he referred to the Middle Ages as
those Of the Church, the next as the epoch of
the aristocracies, the Renaissance as the
period of the kings, the days that stretch back
to the French Revolution as the period of the
middle classes, and those which we are now
the people and the working classes to public
life. When that time arrives the emancipation
of the people politically will be accomplished.
To attain this end the International directs its
endeavors, and its power may be judged from
its widespread existence. Fostered in the
cold heart of Northern Russia, the society has
found followers in almost every cline, and
though some of the governments of Europe
have expressed the resolve to stamp 1t out of
existence, it is still being organized, preached
and taught in England, France, Switzerland,
Belgium, Germany, Spain, Italy, Austria,
Russia and America.


CASTELAR, briefly detailed the several Con-
crosses of the International and the business
transacted at them. AS the question of family
had been referred to in marked terms by the
opponents of the International, and as it was
coptended that on moral grounds it should be
denounced the speaker declared that whatever
may be the Incorporate language Of the ora
tors and editors who espoused the cause of the
society, on the question of family the Interna-
tional had decided nothing. The questions of
property, Of hours Of labor, Of education and
of religion were all ventilated in a manner
worthy of the reputation of the orator. In the
| existence Of the society he could perceive no
wrong; in the contemplated attempt to crush
1t the most vital part of the constitutional right
Of all Spaniards was aimed at. CASTELAR, inter-
prets the movement, if we regard him rightly,
as the yearning of the peoples toward system
Of government in which they themselves will
take part, if not direct. The days of kings