Year: 1876

In the principal cities OF Europe tramways have been
In successful operation for several years They have
proved great convenience to the public and have in
many instances increased business in the thorough
fares over which they pass The vehicles in
drawn by horses tracks laid down on the streets
and in many respects constructed and onducted
on the system In vogue in the United Statcs But the
authority under which the operated requires
n strict adherence to prescribed regulations The
are built to contain certain number OF passengers,
and when the all occupied II more are taken
on the company and Its agents are deemed liable to
severe penalties overcrowdng consequently,
never occurs on European city railroad lines;
for It is made part OF the duty Of
the police to interfere when such
fringements OF the law come within their observa-
tion, and It is incumbent upon them to bring the
offending parties before the tribunals The munich
palines, as general thing have control over the
management and direction of the roads, as the Com
mon Council has in this city. According 10 agree
ments between most OF the New York companies and
the Corporation the latter has authority take up
and remove the rails any line when the rcgula-
tons It is empowered by law TO make are dsrs
garded but in London. Vienna Paris, St Petersburg
and Berlin violation of the rules in reference to
taking passengers after the number permitted by
law are board 10 offence cognizable by the po-
lice magistrates There s q feature the Old World
cars that might well be introduced here Accommo
daton provided the outside Of the vehicles, which
is entirely safe and commodious, and lower fare is
charged TO passengers travelling in this than
to persons occupying inside The tramways have
proved most profitable Investments, though heavy
taxes paid and the rates OF faro much bslov
what are charged in the city of New York


GREAT BRITAIN IRELAND


Tramvays ex IN nearly all the important cities and



principal in London, and new lines are being
constantly constructed The charters are granted by
Parliament after thorough investigation, and
compauied by conditions that protect very fully the
rights OF the public The corporations OF the
empowered 10 mako aud enforce rules and regulations
and to grant licenses with respect all vehicles using
tramways and to all drivers conductors and other par
tics having charge Of the In Of the pro-
vision Is made for the running Of additional number
OF at cheap rates during the morning and evening
for the accommodation OF the working classes the
granting charter to the Dundee companies in ad
dton 70 the usual PROVISIONS cheap fares only be
collected Saturday afternoons between the hours Of
three In Hull the maximum fare is four
outside and six cents inside with provision that
! whenever and long the companies pay q dvi-
dend of per cent the charge Is exceed four
cents. In Edinburgh, Dublin Belfast Glasgow,
Liverpool and other cties tax levied and collected
on receipts and in all the companies bound
20 pave and keep in repair the streets they occupy.
overcrowding rs rigidly provided against The number
of passengers the vehicle legally carry printed
outside, and II greater number OF persons IL per
mtted 10 ride than the number the Is authorized
take the conductor and the company deemed 70
have committeda breach Of the law





tramway on the American plan from the
Place la Concord to Versailles II is not continued
into the city ard the wheels Of the vehicles by
ingenious contrivancc are changed without nconven-
fence before they enter the streets There two
Of fare The road operated under the direction
OF the Minister of Public Works The omnibuses,
however, supply an acceptable mode or travel There
are fourteen inside tho roof OF EACH and
when these are occupied no other parties will bo per-
out with the words "Toas les sieees sort c0aoe and
no soppage made until vacancy takes place BY the
departure OF passenger The roof Of the omnibus is
reached by ladder and the arrangements above are
such to cause the trip TO be very pleasant affair.
The fares are very low averaging about three cents for
each adult The railroad companies horse
through the city at certain for special
modation-


There are six miles Of tramways in the Russian capt.
tai Tho concessions were granted by the city, with
imperial consent and subject TO police control The
rates OF fare are excessively low and yet the profits
allow dividends Of over twenty per cent per annum-
No permitted 10 take passenger after the
are all occupied. The Is piled up IN the winter
season each side OF the streets but the
Of the tramways s such that this matter not much
regarded The cars are very popular and ample room
for pedestrians and traffic LEFT both sides Of the
rails


The tramways In Vienna furnish cheap and easy
mode Of communication within the limits OF the city
and also with the suburbs and enable the work. ng
popuaton Oh the lAter 10 live a very moderate rates
The companies are bound by the conditions of their
grants TO exercise great the safety and unn
tcrrupted intercourse Of the public, and they
strictly inhibited from taking more passengers than
there are seats or reasonable accommodation for in
their


BERLIN


The tramways In Berlin under the control
other public conveyances and LAID under cond-
tion OF Keeping the streets and highways through
which they run 10 thorough repair There Is but
class Of cars The fare at the OF for
four miles. The overcrowding OF passengers pro-
vded against by Law.


STOCKHOLM


The work construction aud laying down OF tram
ways In Stockholm have TO bo performed according TO
plans determined upon by the royal authorities and
under the control or government engineers All incl
dental expenses, such removing water and gas
mains and street pavemens, have TO be borne by the
companies All regulations laid down by the Min
OF Public Works with regard 10 length and width
Of lima the ppeed of cars and ali ohar Alterations that