smithclay/nortonstories huggingface dataset:
Year: 1871

1867, a species OF minority representa-
tion in every election Of Court of APP
peals and in 1872, by virtue Of the new
constitution of Illinois, the same kin d
of representation Is to come into play
there with the election Of members or
the lower house; but, as far more gem
eral in its operation than our New
York provision and as OF Immediate
efficiency, while the Illinois clause Is in
future, "the boroughs act" as it is call.
ed, of Pennsylvania, is really more i'm
portant than even the constitutions,
quodd hoe, Of the other States. The
reader Is Of course aware that minority
or proportional, or personal representa-
tion, as it is sometimes termed-the APP
pellations amounting to the same-is
the end, and that the cumulative vote,
list voting or the preferential vote, the
three cornered constituency vote &C.,
are merely differing means and in this
view it Is interesting to know that the
cumulative vote is the one which finds
favor in the Pennsylvania act. 1t is the
same form which received such approv-
al in the discussions in the late South
Carolina Taxpayers convention, and
has as its principle simply an entire


freedom of choice. If six members are
to be elected you can vote six votes for


one of the six, or one and half each


for four, or two each for three, or three


each for two, or one each for six. The


only thing in the nature of restriction
and this is put in for purposes of SIM


plicity in practice-is that your votes


must be equally divided. 1t is to be


added that the system just extended to


all the town elections of Pennsylvania


was first tried under special act OF


Marcn A, 1870, at Bloomsbury. and


worked so we'll there that it was after


wards extended to several other bor-


oughs, and, meeting approval in pro-


portion to the sphere of its operation, Is


now made general throughout the State.
Year: 1871

How TO DO UP SHIRT BosoMs. We
have often heard ladies expressing de-
sire to know by what process the fine
gloss observed on new linens, shirt bos-
oms, etc., is produced, and in order to
crafty thems we subjoin the following
receipt for making gum arabic starch;
Take two or three ounces ofgum arabic
powder-put it into pitcher, and pour
on it pint of boiling water, according
to the degree of strength you DESIRE
and then, having covered it, let it stand
all night. In the morning pour it care
fully from the dregs into clean bottle
cork it and keep it for use. A table
spoonful of gum water, stirred in {
pint of starch that has been made il
the usual manner, will give two lawns
(either white or printed) u look of new
ness when nothing elseca restore then
after washing. 1t is also good (mucl
diluted) for thin white muslin and bob
met.
Year: 1871

A lightning conductor is always made |
of the metal, and of the metals which |
are available the choice lies between
iron and copper. Iron has the advan-
tage of less cost per pound; in all other
respects copper is better. Copper is the
better conductor, is easier wrought into
form, and is less liable to rust. The
conducting power lies in the surface
tube is as efficient as solid rod of the
same diameter, and strip or ribbon
which presents the same amount of
surface is equal in power.


The ribbon form of conductor is evil
IDENTIFY the most economical in the
amount of metal and it has beside other
evident advantages 1t is more com
pact for transportation, joints are more
easily and perfectly made in it, it can
be put up with less labor and more Sc
curely than q solid rod, and when erect
ed it is less in the way and so less liable
to injury. As so little metal is required
in the form of a ribbon we can afford to
use copper. For these reasons we pre-
fer copper ribbon conductor to any
thing else which is in use.


As to insulating the conductor from
the building, the question is of little
Importance. Good insulation, if it
were desirable, is wholly impracticable
Those who make great ado about glass
insulators, ought to try few expert
ments with an ordinary electrical ma
chine, and better understand the nature
Of lightning. A lightning conductor il
properly constructed and put up, will
furnish the most direct road for all the
electricity which can get into it at it


pointed end.


The most important point to be at


tended to in setting up conductor il


its connection with the ground. Unles:


a proper connection is made, the con


ductor is worse than useless. There art


many cases on record where there wa


insufficient provision for the escape o


the lightning and it struck the houses
doing great damage. In cities the con
, ductor should terminate on the gas an


water pipes, care being taken that tn


ioint has rs much surface rs the COZ
: ductor. Where there are no water {


gas pipes the next best thing is to lea


the conductor to Il stream of water
! to we'll which is supplied bya sprins


Ordinary cisterns are not sufficient, g
:. the wood or cement of which they ar


made might not allow the electricity t
pass through them fast enough. Whe


there is no body of water near at han
=, the lower end of the conductor may |
, attached to a plate of metal of sewers
+. square feet of surface or to rods or striI
a few feet long, laid horiz )ntally in tn
+ nearest moist earth.


"a The conductor should present II
, same amount of surface at all parts
its length; if any part of it be marrow
@ er, which often happens with old-iasl
:, ioned rods at the joints, it is but lit
!, better than if it were at every 9th
=, part of the contracted size.


n If a building be in length two
- three times its width it should have


least two conductors, for reasons whit
IA are sufficiently obvious. There are cas-
-, on record of churches which have be-
- struck, al the rear end while the spi
II was provided with an efficient condu'
n. Scientific american.
Year: 1871

In commenting on this subject the
World says;


In the passage by the Pennsylvania
Legislatureof an act extending the sys-
tenn of cumulative or free voting to all
the borough-or as we would say, town
council--elections throughout the State,
another great step has been taken to-
wards a truer representation than that
heretofore known to our electoral law.
In New York, 1t is true, we have, by
means of that judiciary amendment
which the people adopted when reject
ing many other constitutional changes
proposed by the State Convention o
Year: 1871

the Democratic voters in the county
instead of but part, and each candi-
date will be enabled to exhibit his just
popular strength in convention. The
expense of canvass of the county by
candidates will be reduced fully two
thirds, and pure and satisfactory NOM
nations may be expected to result. 1t
being evident that reform in the legal
elections will not be sufficient unless it
shall be accompanied or followed by
reform in the primary ones also, this
experiment of the free vote in the
choice of nominating delegates is most
important and timely.


THE PLAN EXPLAINED.


To those unfamiliar with the free
vote some explanation and illustration
of it may be necessary In order to its
full comprehension and approval by
them. Under the old plan OF majority
voting, whenever two or more persons
are to be elected at one time to the same
Office and for the same term of service,
the law assigns to the voter as many
votes as the number Of persons to be
chosen, and then commands him to dis
tribute them singly among candidates.
1t restrains and prevents him from eX-
ercising his own judgment as to the
manner of polling his votes, and, in
fact, undertakes to judge for him and
to determine in advance what will be
under all circumstances, judiciou.
exercise of his right of suffrage. But
in this it must blunder extremely and
constantly. For as the law maker can
not know the future, cannot from sheer
ignorance take into exact account it
ever changing conditions, his injunction
or command to the voter must be pure
ly arbitrary, and must be often or com


monty unsuited to the circumstances t


which it shall come to apply. Henc


the virtual Acknowledgement and actua


non representation of a large part of tn


voters is common fact in all constitu
encies, large and small, throughout thu


country, the inevitable consequences o


which are deeply injurious and trul,


deplorable. Misgovernment, injustice


violence, corruption and discomfort, ar


created and increased by an unnece;
sary and absurd restriction upon ele,
toral freedom; by wholly gratuitou
and impertinent interference of la
with the free action of the citizen b
an open and palpable violation Of til
principles of self.government upo
which all our political institutions al
founded. Only when a constituent
shall be unanimous, or nearly 50,
opinion and action can the the enforce
e distribution of votes singly among Il
Il whole number of candidates opera
q Justly; in all other cases it must rest
n in the non-representation of part
d the electors, and in consequent injusti


and evil.
Year: 1871

before God Almighty, enough TO feel that your ys
Is quito good you 10 great des DOT
ter But you pcrhaps come down eneugh 70 PATTY un
derstand what mighty humility L. Then y9u may TO
mind yourself what your contract OF love ana honor "
promise made to the woman who has given you Dor an;
Never mind occasional Christians Of tho African convex


fresh "not impossible She" Tho notion that you can
not be dcoeny and happily true. OF least IN some large
tec and Adsty. u one Of the deyils own. Better 81
TO hell with red hot stopple in your guet tnan Pat
desire Tor another woman is your supreme neoes
sity Desire s doubtless thorn In the fesh 70 sweet
less, Keeping ecentIy and honoraby the woman you
by holy honor enohained TO- and manfqlly denying DO
than Ia OF law Try that for ten years, T. Tton. and
though many yrns win & tempt y9S and dssro may
in your heart but manly EFFORT st least for the honor


world of comfort to the woman who unfortunate
as to marry young and tso weak TO put inteli
gence and conscience into the mO6t solemn contract
which any man cahAmake.
Year: 1871

SETTING FENCES ny MACHINERY A
novel application of the pile driver has been
adopted in the West, where the labor OF
"makin@ fence is heavy and continuous.
The implement employed for setting the
posts is none other than the ordinary pile
driver made of course on 4 smaller scale,
and with about twelve feet drop for the
ram The materials are light scantling, .
by and 3 hy 8 inches, with heavier hard
wood SillS to facilitate moving, and the ram
of the butt of an oak log 6 leet long, banded
with iron at top and bottom to prevent
splitting, and about sixteen inches in
diameter. Grooves are ploWed in each side
TO admit OF the ram travelling readily in
the guides. The power is 4 yoke Of cattle
attached to the rope raising the ram This
passing under one wheel at bottom and
over another at top of the machine answers
well, raising the ram rapidly to the top,
from whence it falls with an effective blow
upon the cedar post, which is pointed and
held straight below. The posts are driven
rapidly, and remain firmly fixed, the only
being the time necessary to move the ma
chine. This will suggest to our manutac-
turers the attachment of q small and com
pact pile-drivcr attached to a portable
engine on wheels, the whole being readily
moved from place to place. Such a machine
will doubtless find ready sale for fence
making on Western prairies. Iron Age.
Year: 1871

Seth Green, the fish culture man has
lust returned from successful attempt to
transfer young shad from the Hudson to
The Sacramento, Cal. Ninety per cent Of
the 10000 with which he started were
taken safely to their destination They
were taken from the Hudson on the day
Of Matching and carried in six tin cans
overland. The water in these cans had
TO be changed frequently, and IN abund
ancc Of ice had to be used to keep down
the temperature, which at times ranged
IS high as lOl degrees in the car where
they were placed. Great care was exer-
ciscd to procure proper water at different
points on the route, as the water IN some
regions would have heen fatal to the fish.
The natural sac attached to each little
fish supplied it with food for four days.
For the next two days Of the journey they
tasted, and merely showed little tame
ness in consequence.
Year: 1871

PUNISHED FOR STEALING NEWSPAPER
FILES. A pleasant piece of poetic justice
is reported from town in Oregon: One
morning a man called upon the editor Of
the only paper in the county and asked
permission to look at the files of the paper
for 1869 1t was granted. While the ed
itor was in bed, waiting till his wife could
wash his shirt, that young man carried
away the file, nor was it ever seen again
until his lawyer offered it in evidence dur
ing the trial of an action tor $4,000 dam
ages for an alleged libel, which that young
man brought against the editor. 1t i
gratifying to learn that the plaintiff re
covered six and a quarter cents damages,
and was arrested by the editor on a charge
of stealing books, convicted and sent to
the Penitentiary for seven years.
Year: 1871

AS stated in TIE TRIBUNE of yesterday, q
largo number Of emigraDt swndlers and politicians OF
tho First Ward present during McDernotts trial


in the Court OF General Sessions on Tuesday and mani
tested than ordinary interest In the proceedings
They their future action depended In mea-
sure on the result Of McDermotts trial. and the an
nouncement yesterday, that the jury had not agreed
was regarded by them as partial triumph Before the
Jury brought into Court TRIBUNE reporter called
the attention OF DisrictAtorney Sullivan to the fact
that the seventh in the jury had been refused by Dis
Attorney Sullivan on the trial Of Ryan, the ground
that he had personal knowledge OF the defendant and
bis crime. When the Jury came into Court. Recorder
Hackett asked the Jury, when the disagreement had
been announced thing could be done to enable the
Jury to come to and the foreman said that
the Jury retiring, stood eleven to one and only par
tial change had been effected during the night The
second juror explaining that he was not asking
for his own information, requested that the
evidence OF Freeman might be read, and the
stenographer was instructed to read from his notes
the evidence bearing McDermotts conversation with
johnson, the complainant as detailed by Ofcer Free
man Freeman testified that when S1anson Yea
didn't expect to see me again was met with tne tepy.


When you were in the Office outside Of the coun
ter; don't you remember had on pair OF req Sip


The dsageeng juror Sr psRssea 0ai Smse y M bx
asking II that had been positively sworn TO- Hseorder %


s ans %
ther that he laid particular stress on THIS testimony In
his charge The juror then agreed with his fellows and
stated that he fully concurred with the verdict and he
knew of why the sentence In the case should
Ryan The severe sentences imposed by himself and his
colleague Judge Bedford would result he trusted In


The law thus triumphed, and McDermott
fenced to nye in the state Prison Moore s now
definite charge has forfeited his bail and taken
refuge In flight The witness against HIM Kornack, the
Prussian is stil IN the House Of Detention and will
stay there as long Moore chooses TO evade the officer
who Ia searching for him armed with bench warrant.
Year: 1871

as that place not mentioned in polite society except by
cergynen stand here to protest against the position
that may be compelled to come into court TO give
testimony in case like this upon the information and
belief OF who withholds that information from your
Honor The time has not arrived when such things can
be done. My learned friends, they a quintuple l
believe who have laid aside, understand all other
have perpetrated frauds the City Treasury and
hope they VIII meet G %tn SOod &c had access to the
had the aid Of the Committee Of Seventy and another
July hH
possessed ofi Why they are constrained to into
Of time they have failed collect facts enough to form
complaint In this action and they cannot proceed for
tSe4 R Of %uy sf sE with dsrfe al hs
ignorance, they turn upon the corporation and
it Of derelction Of duty for not doing every
thing which they have been trying to do and have not
to accomplish the end. say it is unjustinable, and
cannot be maintained We have evidence in this case
have been Tor long time engaged, in getting at the
facts necessary for prosecution Of the same char,
Counsel that he has consulted counsel and
and done what friends the other side have done
until he ready TO parapnrase what friends have
tread" II Mr.. Havemeyer had 1T to put In his
affidavit the facts and circumstances any exist
tiOn OF New-York and the Board OF Supervisors your
Honor might have determined that was insufficient,
and protest against the substitution OF Mr. Havemeyers
Judgment for the Judgment OF the Court


Mr.. stoughtOn cited, !, Wawortb, AT, and, 8.
Wallace 49, support of the points made, and claimed
that there to be found where cestni que
trust sue, except for the purpose OF enforcing pre-
ventive remedy.


Ex-Judge Bsrret-I guess there lie no where the
trustee himself paid out the money and where the trus
tee cannot be removed by law.


Ex-Judge Fullerton-We have no guessing as to our
cases and they do not exist in parole. like Judge Bar
nards, either. And II Judge Barnards decision Is cor
rectly given in The TRIBUNE he did not pass upon the
cOnstitutiOnality of the law Of 1854


Ex-Judge RarrettI hope THE TRIBUNE Ia not the pa
per counsel referred to as lying and centOus else IT
would not be proper for him to quote from 1t.


Mr.. St0ughton-I am u citizen and taxpayer, and
think the press have done great service.


tx Judge Fplerton-SO do J. and wish them all sue
All that claim s that after the press have dis
covered these frauds these gentlemen should not attempt
70 convert this Court into town meeting, nor into q
Vigilance Commitee for the purpose Of having trial in
that way. We want the ordinary mode OF pur-
suing a trial. II Ingerson has committed a
wrong, let him be punished II he has taken
money fraudulenty from the City Treasury,
il should be recovered but LET 1t be done according
the laws Of the land violation OF law In giving
edy would have IA far worse effect upon the community
than the Of the treasury Of the City and County To-
gcher Now, claim that the plaintiff has standing
Ia Court: 1rst. because the law OF 1854 Ia unconStu
Year: 1871

1t is not generally known how easy d
matter it is to explore the bottom of n
well, cistern, or pond of water, by the
use of common mirror. When the sun
is shining brightly, hold mirror so that
the reflected rays of light will fall into
the water. A bright spot will be seen at
the bottom, SO light as to show the
smallest object plainly


BY this means we have examined the
bottoms of wells fifty feet deep, wheti
half-full or more of water The smallest
straw or other object can be perfectly
seen from the surface. In the same way
one can examine the bottoms of the
ponds and rivers, if the waters be some-
what agitated by winds or rapid ino.
tion.


If we'll or cistern be under cover, or
shaded by building SO that the sun
light will not fall near the opening, it is
only necessary to employ two mirrors,
using one to reflect the light to the OPEN
ing, and another to reflect it down into
tho water.


Light may be thrown fifty or hum
dred yards to the precise spot desirable,
and then downward. We have used the
mirror with success, to reflect the light
around the house to a shaded well, and
also to carry it from south window
through two rooms, and then into cis-
tern under the north side of the house,
Half-a dozen reflections of light may be
made, though each mirror diminishes the
brilliancy of the light.


Let any one not familiar with the
method try the experiment. 1t will per-
haps reveal mass of sediment at tho
bottom of the well that has been little
thought of, but which may have been n
frightful source of disease by its decay
in the water.
Year: 1871

A WARNING TO BoYs.-When will
boys learn to respect the Sabbath Here
is one, in Indiana, who stopped to play
on the banks of the river while going to
Sunday-school, fell in, and so injured
his clothes that his parents had to get
him complete and beautiful new suit.
Year: 1871

Montana Territory, Oct, 1871.


AS the building of the Northern Pa
eific Railroad has awakened great inter-
est among the people east, and is con-
centrating public attention more and
more upon this section of the country.
Ihave thought that few notes of an
engineers observations in the Yellow
stone Valley would prove acceptable.
write this with the more pleasure be-
cause the valley, with its marvellous and
inexhaustible fertility, its great extent,
its magnificent surroundings in the way
OF scenery, and its vast importance in
the future, when it will be traversed by
four hundred miles of the continental
railway, is as yet but little known to the
public. Though much written about
OF late, I doubt whether its character
and advantages are better appreciated
to-day than when Lewis and Clarke
tramped through its solitudes on their
famous trip to the Pacific.


Engineers are now engaged in survey
ing the different passes through the
Rocky Mountains with view to ascer-
tanning the most practicable route for
the railroad. Starting from different
points, they cooperate on q general plan
laid down by the chief, and their sur
veys extend over the whole area which
could possibly be trayered by the ineq
Year: 1871

Gus heavy powders that lie in the bot
tom OF the stream. It falls at the rate
of eighteen feet to the mile. No water
could be purer, cooler and clearer. The
|,many islands it embraces in its course,
when viewed from the surrounding
heights, are very charming and pictur-
esque. They are generally covered with
cottonwood trees of considerable size.
as are also both banks of the river.
The country generally is comparatively
naked, though ceder trees cluster here
and there in groups on the mountain
tops, in gulches or in cannons, which
may be counted by thousands all the
way along.


There is little doubt that the Yellow
stone Valley contains some of the best
grazing lands in the world. Whether
in bottoms along the riverside, or on
the hills, the grass grows in abundance;
and the herds that feed on it summer
and winter require no other food. but
keep fat and healthy. The weather. l
find, is almost the same as in the East,
with rather cold nights, and an OCCASION
al fall of snow ON the mountains.


This is the region where it is generally
believed the Sioux, the most warlike
tribes of Indians, will make their last
stand against civilization. They are de-
cidedly opposed to the building OF
railroad through the Yellowstone Valley,
where the buffalo, the elk, the antelope
and the deer Craze in large herds upon
the mountains and in the valleys. The
news that party of engineers was 60
ing down the valley to survey with q
view to locate the line caused great COM
motion; and different reports have
reached us from time to time that we
would be murdered, scalped and quar-
tered. How much CT truth there is in
these flying rumors time will tell.


Before reaching the Big Timber OF
the North, we were visited by the CHIEF
of the Grow Nation, who hold an abso-
lutte reservation from the government
They remain friendly rs long as theil
stomachs full; but they manifested theil
dislike to the railroad, and call it in
their OWE language "bad medicine, y
that drives the buffalo away, and leaves
the poor Indian helpless and dependent
ON the white man


The engineers are of the opinion that
no better route can be found for the
road than through the reservation; and
they earnestly hope that Congress may
so modify the treaty with the Grow Ma
ton as to permit its selection. Vested
rights must be respected, and national
faith observed; but it is contrary to the
true spirit of progress to let tribe Of
irreclaimable savages obstruct the path.
way of a great enterprise, which wi!
carry settlement and civilization into
one of the grandest regions on the
American continent G. W. d.