smithclay/nortonstories huggingface dataset:
Year: 1875

mer, and have visited more than hundred
full milk factories in central New York.
mention this as one of the interesting novel;
ties which promise. to give the dairymen
means Of improving the skim milk, and at
the same time contribute to supply the de.
mand for creamery butter, thus pro6ting
more largely from this industry. This Is
one Of the features of the outlook, and it
could do much to equalize the returns in the
different factories if properly applied. Fancy
factories, factories with name in the great
markets, and able to make the very finest
full cream, and return to patrons net aver.
age through the season, Of say one and three.
tenths cents for every pound Of milk, cannot
do better than they are doing now but
think it cannot be doubted that milk can be
put to better and more profitable use than it
IS now in many of the second class full cream
factories. This is question which dairy
men should study closely. They should ad-
vance their interests like wide. awake busi-
ness men. 1t seems to me that we have seen
such progress attained in working milk, that
we are prepared to give every new thing
thorough examination and hold fast that
which is good and most profitable.
Year: 1875

Is it not strange that farmers should 70
generally neglect to keep bees, or to gather
even the sweets which they want as a luxury
in their own families ? They have the room,
they have the pasture, they haye all the con-
veRiences for keeping half dozen swarms
and producing the best results. They will
tell you that they have not time to study the
wants of the honey-bee, and to manage them
properly. But who has more time during
the winter than the tarmer2 Who has more
time to study the habits of the bee during
spring aud summer, and to understand what
is necessary to success, than the farmer?


The farmer spends his life mostly in fields,
and the bee comes more under his immediate
observation than of any other class but he
seems TO shut his eyes TO natural phenomena,
and the result is that honey is mostly pro-
duced by persons in some other occupations,
such as mechanics, owning small lots, and in
cramped situations, those who arc not in a
condition to give them convenient pasture,
such as almost any farm can furnish. But
the farmer, after all, furnishes the pasture
for other peoples bees, and then buys his
own honey, or goes withoutt. He may thus
be considered as most generous in the dis
pensation of his bounties, but it is wholly un-
intentional. This is one Of the wastes on a
great majority Of all the farms that are
not utilized by the farmer, who is al
ways croakiDg that farming don'tpay Why,
think he wastes almost as much as he
uses, for want Of studying his means. Per-
haps We have now entered upon new era
under the auspices of the grange. When the
farmer becomes social, and talks over his
affairs familiarly, he will begin to take note
Of these wastes and TO mend his ways.


l know woman who makes good living
from twenty to thirty swarms Of bees, and
the care Of them is only pastime to her.
1t is pleasure to her to watch the industry
OF her bees aud to provide for all their wants.
As she Is 30 successful, asked her how
much Of her time it really occupied, to which
she replied that half hour per day for six
months would cover all the time spent. l
am an artist, and have only a small lot,
Year: 1875

W. S. Shields of Granger county, Tenn,


writes to the Country Gentleman


once seeded 60 acres of pasture with
Kentucky blue grass, seeding very heavily,
and covered with Scotch harrow, early in
March. also sowed orchard grass at the
same time on q small portion of the field on
the surface, after sowing the blue grass.
Soon after sowing, a warm and gentle rain


fell, which caused the seed to germiuate and


come up finely. The blue grass was very
delicate and small, while the orchard grass
seemed strong and vigorous, and grew up
rapidly. Both kinds did we'll until the
burning sun of August, accompanied by a
long spell of dry weather, such as we often
have at that season, came upon them.
The blue grass very soon succumbed
to the heat and droutb, and, like my
once bright hopes, perished forever. The
orchard grass held out bravely, continuing
to grow and to be green. Neither the burn
ing sun Of summer nor freezing OF winter
could conquer it. 1t seemed invincibIe.
was told that the blue grass would sometimes
seem to have perished the first season it
was sown, but would reappear the following
spring. Spring returned, but my blue grass
did not.


While the blue grass was never seen after
the burning sun of summer, the orchard
grass continued to grow, regardless of heat
or cold. 1t sprang forward early in the
spring, furnishing pasturage in abundance
before any other grass My attention was
at once directed to its cultivation, and the
success with which have met has been far
beyond my most sanguine expectations. /
can obtain good catch of orchard grass
more easily than a stand Of wheat, and it
produces a more profitable crop of seed than
wheat. l generally SOW with oats in March,
sowing two bushels of seed per acre when
sown alone, and one bushel when sown with
red clover. l have found the latter mode of
sowing does well. Red clover, assisted by
gypsum, is the best and cheapest renovator
of worn lands that can be used and as il is
a biennial, it soon disappears, leaving the
soil greatly improved, and the orchard grass
will gain complete possession Of the ground,
excluding weeds and all other noxious
plants.


l have given it fair trial, and can fully
attest to Its superiority over all other grasses
for Pasturage but can not recommend it as
being frst-rate for hay. From the expert.
ence | have had with orchard grass, can
recommend it as being the best of all the
grasses for permanent pastures, or at least it
is the best Of all for the mountains and val.
leys of East Tennessee, 1t will commence
growing earlier in spring, and continue to
grow later in the fall, will eldure more
grazing, and stock will eat it with greater
relish than any other kind, not excepting the
famed blue grass of Kentucky.
Year: 1875

be more valuable TO the consumer than the
cheese he now pays more money for, that is,
full cream cheese. After various expert.
ments and long study, l adopted this theory
and carried 1t into successful operation. set
the milk long enough for the cream to sour
before skimming, thus making more and bet
ter butter then churn and mix this sour
buttermilk with the sour skim milk, and the
acid has destroyed the 6ber in the milk so it
will make tender oh eese. Now, IL I pro.
ceed in the old way | would have mess of
Dutch cheese but instead, heat up rapid.
ly, and when at the proper temperature, |
add alkalies sufficient to neutralize the acid
and saponify the remaining grease in the
milk, SO that | have smooth curd, clear
green whey, and as my curd goes into the
hoops it is no more sour than one that is
made from sweet milk. The secret of this
cheese remaining so soft, and being so dura.
BILE, is owing to the saponifcation Of the fat,
it being thus evenly distributed among the
minutest particles Of the cheese, and being
saponified it never can become rancid and
as have said rep peatedly, this is the most
durable and wholesome, and, to my taste,
the most delicious cheese that can be
made"
Year: 1875

rise, Is just contrary TO the laws Of gravity.
II is n law that heat rises and cold falls
If we cool the milk from the surface, then
the heavier portion Of the milk sinks by
law Of gravity and allows the globules Of
cream to rise by reason Of their being lighter.


On the other hand, five apply water at
the bottom Of the pan, then it virtually re-
tards the rising process Of the cream, and
does mischief by way Of reversing the laws
Of nature by reason Of wrong appliances.


When ice was first used 10 keep meat fresh
the meat was laid upon the ice; now we see the
reverse in improved refrigerators, by way of
the ice being over and around the meat. A
step in the right direction is madc in the
tubular pam" patented and manufactured
by McErwin and Gibson, of Derby Line, VT,
aud Rock Island, 2. O., in which the milk Is
cooled from the interior by means Of
cold water running in tubes near the
surface, (so as not TO interfere with
skimming). These tubes can be lowered to
accommodate the depth of milk, and can rest
on or near the bottom Of the pans, aud hot
water run through them for cold weather as
the case may be aud the circuitous stream
OF water emptying itself over the edge Of pan
by means Of the continuous tube terminating
in syphon. This dispenses with val or
jackets aud consequently very much lessen the
cost which has deferred the dairymen from
using the patent pans there being too much
royalty demanded on them, and that too
founded on wrong principles, or wrongly ap.
plying natures laws.


The coming pan is to be the one possessing
simplicity and cheapness. With the present
scarcity Of man and woman labor, we can
hardly afford TO set our milk in the old way.
The large pans are 70 dairying, what the
moving machine is TO cutting our gra IS.
Progress in every department is the order Of
the present age.


GEORGE BAcHELDER.


StGnsteGd, Z. O., June II.


Mr. Bachelor states correctly the prin.
ciples involved in the heating and cooling of
liquids, but his application of them is hardly
sound. We do not understand why we
should cool from the surface aud sides aud
heat only from the bottom Will Mr.. Bach.
elder tell us what principle or law of nature
prevents heating liquids from the sides as
we'll as cooling from the sides.


Whether the application Of cold water to
the bottom Of the pan retards the rising pro-
less of the cream aud does mischief" is a
question that should be tested by exact ex.
perimeuts, and no man can assent that it
ioes until the fact is proved.


Mr.. Arnold states that we are cooling
milk too fast and too much, that five hours
s quick enough and that if the milk is
'apidly cooled the gases which give the an
NAL odor are condensed and do not escape
rom the milk. The flavor and keeping
quality Of the butter being impaired.


Any Improvement in the line of simplicity
md cheapness, and in freedom from tendency
o rust, will be welcomed by dairymen.
Year: 1875

Mr. j. M. JOcelyn of Cattaraugus county,
N. Y, exhibited an apparently rich, meaty
cheese, made of sour milk and buttermilk, at
the last meeting of the American dairymen's
association. He writes to the Utica Herald
the following description of his process of
manufacture:


II had formed theory that the
Office Of the fat in cheese was no benefit
to it as an article of food, except to keep it
soft and meaty, and really the caseine was
all that was valuable as food. Now, if a
cheese could be made with still less grease
and eorrespondingly larger amount Of Ca
seine, the producer and consumer would both
be greatly benefited thereby, as nearly all
the cream could be used for butter, and the
cheese could be sold for lower price, and
Year: 1875

scarcely space to set six hives, but undeo


those cramped circumstances can make 25V
pounds of honey to SELL besides all we ca u
use in the family. My honey is mostly o b.
tanned from the farmers pastures, aud carry
their products to market. But l only util-
ize what farmers voluntarily waste. Would
il not be well for farmers to use their own
bee pastures am constantly dream ing of
a happy time coming, when l shall be able
to own small farm, and have the pleasure
of spending the remainder Of my life in the
open fields. The farmer is truly blest in
being brought close to nature, where he may
read her secrets-ArtiSt, IN Buffalo Loe
Stock Journal.
Year: 1875

From an address by Prof. f. j. Wckson -agricul-
tural editor of the Utica Herald, before the Ohio
Dairymens Association.


The men who have made most money out
OF milk during the past few years, are those
who have made cheese and butter but it is
necessary that good cheese as well as good
butter should be made. 1t is a difficult
task, requiring higher skill than curding all
the milk and letting part Of the cream run
into the whey vat whioh is nearly the extent
of skill which prevails in some full milk
factories, But the new method will pay if
properly managed. | believe it will continue
to pay.





All butter has been high, but the creamery
pals have scored a new notch in the trade
and occupy it alone. 1t is delicious pro-
duct-one that caters to the most prof table
kind of demand +; one which will be supplied
at almost any price.


There are several kinds of creamery prac-
tice--tho mild theory which believes In only
removing the cream which would be lost in
the whey. This has been found to pay in
several instances. There is also the full skim
theory which by itself turns out a cheese
worth six cents pound. But one OF the
greatest novelties, from oil the information l
can obtain Of 1t, is a neW method invented
by Mr.. Freeman, of Chenango county, which
has been In operation during the past year.
IL consists in skimming of all the cream and
putting In its place pure oil derived from
animal fat. This takes the place Of the
cream, affords the ripening agents an OppOr.
tunity to operate, and instead of hard
leathery skim, the salesman has rich soft
cheese, which the New York dealers sell
readily at average full cream prices. Wher
l first heard Of this method last summer,
went to the factory where ii was in operation
and watched the process throughout. 1t was
simple. There was skim milk aud pure
white fat. The product of the combination
was in the curing room. Fully three thou
sand cheeses were on the shelves, and l tried
them very carefully, They were better than
the average Of cheese / have seen this sum.
Year: 1875

NJ. b. Bateham writes to the Ohio Far.


mer 1.-Two things, therefore, are of i'm.
portance to be kept in view at this season.
First, to remove surplus shoots while they
are young and small, and tie up such as have
fruit and are to remain-but leaving no
more Of these than there is room for without
crowding. And second, to pick off from
one-third to one.half of the punches of fruit
as soon as fairly set, if the vines are at all
full. This is a duty which few persons are
willing to perform, and only those who have
learned by experience its advantages are
likely to do it at all faithfully. 1t is diff
cult to lay down rules for trimming grapes
or any other fruits it is best learned BY
experience. There is little danger of taking
Oh too much; and the improved quality of
what remains Is pretty sure TO compensate
for all that is removed. This is especially
true OF varieties like the Delaware and Iona,
that are not strong growers, and are disposed
to injure themselves by overbearing. In
majority of cases it is an advantage to re-
move one-half the fruit that sets on these
vines Such kinds as the Concord, Hart.
ford and Rogers Hy brids, if quite vigorous
ana having plenty OF space, may be allowed
to carry most if not all their punches of
fruit


In nearly all cases, it is best to remove all
over two lunches that may set on one shoot
generally the two lower ones are the best
to remain, and the third should be removed.
Whenever the shoots or punches of fruit are
likely to crowd and injure each other, so me
should be cut away This work should be
commenced as early as the blossoms are off
and the fruit formed-and better still if the
removal Of surplus buds and shoots is begun
before the blossoms appear. 1t will be
difficult work after the shoots get large and
the tendris fasten themselves; besides it is
an injury to remove from the vines as much
foliage as will need to be done if delayed till
after the growth is much advanced"
Year: 1875

1t is reported that resolution has been
adopted by the New Hampshire Legislature,
now in session, instructing the judiciary COM
mittee to provide free passage to the sea for
the 100000 young salmon placed in the
upper waters Of the Merrimac, the present
season. Now we would respectfully suggest
to the Judiciary committee that if they will
let the young salmon alone, they will leave
the state of New Hampshire without the aid
of the judiciary committee or the opinion Of
the Supreme Court-and nerer return!
Year: 1875

1t is not too late to SOW Hungarian grass
to piece out light hay crop. Farmers can
not afford to buy hay, or meal to take the
place of hay, nor to keep their stock short
next winter. Many will be obliged to do
one OF these things or sacrifice part of
their stock, unless some effort is made to
raise extra crops to GIL up the barns.
Year: 1875




That human being should be suffo-
Gated in Philadelphia prison van, is a
disgrace to humanity, and that jury
after hearing all the facts of this most
disreputable case should content itself
with simply declaring that "the rights
Of humanity demand the removal OF all
such vans" is, to say the least, surpris-
ing. Such verdict virtually exOner-
ates public officials whose imperative
duty it is to see that the rights OF indi-
vidusls age respected. Among those
rights is the enjoyment of pure air and
water to sustain life. Both Of these were
in this case denied, and the result is be-
fore us. That instead Of James Laugh
lin only, a half dozen more Of the in
mates OF that cruel van did not perish,
is miracle, for II we are to credit the
testimony given at the inquest, it is
almost incredible that any Of them
should have escaped with life.
Year: 1875

a FEW p3iiticial are indulgiug in
wild and vague dreams o. opposing the
Democratic nomination for mayor,
and, rs they assert, with some
chance OF success. We have only
to say to al! such, that be who is not for
us is against us, and must take his place
In the Radical ranks. AS the PEOPLE are
tired OF Rsdicalism in any form, they
VIII certainly defeat Radical nominee,
no matter who he may be, and defeat
him, too, not merely for one Gay, but
for sll time.
Year: 1875

The case of Mr.. Walker, of Brooklyn,
who sacrificed his life to science, is at
tracting much attention. Extract of
hemlock is much used by the medical
profession use becoming more and
more extensive. daily. Whether Mr..
Walker designed to take his own life or
not will probably never be known, but
the fact that he did take the fatal drug,
and while under it's influence, and even
in the shadow of death, noted carefully
and step by step its workings upon his
system, has suggested everywhere a
comparison with those martyrs to science
who have "died that others might live. >
A distinguished physician who was
pr, sent at the autopsy remarked that
"this one mans death is worth a thou
sand lives"
Year: 1875

The New York Herald says: The
Kings county medical society has adopted
a series of resolutions which deserve the
attention of both physicians and patients.
Doctors have as a matter of dignity
ignored newspapers, and the member of
the profession who adYertises is for that
reason alone looked upon as quack.
The Kings county medical society has
wakened up, and proposes to establish
department of public instruction. We
are pleased to observe that it has dis
covered that the best way to educate the
public is through the press.


That &c the profession has everything
to gain in the way of dignity and in
fuence through the well instructed in
telligence of the constituency to which it
ministers " is truism (which should
long ago have been recognized and acted
upon. The theory that a doctor is
being without responsibility and abso-
lutte in his delicate and difficult vocation
can no longer be accepted. Science and
education have changed the situation.
Almost every intelligent person now un-
derstands something of the general laws
of health and little of the principles of
medicine. The doctor is not the less
important, but the patient is the more
helpful. We welcome everything which
shows that the medical profession is not
inclined to make mystery of general
laws and proclaimed discoveries, but is
anxious to call into it's service the com
mon sense of the whole community.


The Kings county medical society de-
serves credit for the principles it has
declared and its evident inclination to
illustrate practically the proverb that
:" an ounce of prevention is worth q
pound of cure" If it can give us good
ventilation in our public schools, if i
can make the law of health public
property instead of professional
privilege, if it can use the newspaper
press to disseminate correct ideas and
valuable discoveries, it will deserve more
than usual honor, not only for it's enter
prise, but for its example. Medicine
ought not to be mystery any more than
religion. Concealment of facts and
principles in the one tends to ruin the
body and in the other to the destruction
OF the SOUL Candor with the public is,
after all, the secret of success in any of
the liberal professions.
Year: 1875

The inevitable squabble over rich
mans will has begun in Detroit. Mr..
E. B. Ward, dying a few months ago,
left fortune of five million dollars, and
the funeral was hardly over before the
heirs began to quarrel about the be-
quests. One relative, who had received
ten thousand dollars, said he deserved
ten times that amount, and gave notice
that he would contest the will. The
latest move is a combined one by the
widow and some of the other heirs, and
consists of petition to the Michigan
Legislature for an amendment to the
present law relating to the settlement OF
estates, SO as to do away with the spe-
cial administrator who may now be ap-
pointed to take charge of the estate un-
til it is settled, and, instead, to give the
executors control. The sons resist the
proposed change in the law, and as a
powerful lobby is enlisted on both sides,
a bitter contest is expected. ....-
Year: 1875

A touching incident is related in con-
nection with the flood at Germantown,


near Port Jervis, N. Y, A poor widow
on the morning of the freshet had gone
to Port Jervis from Germantown to order
a coffin for her baby, who had died the
night before. She left her house and
the corpse with her daughter, aged five
years. While the bereaved mother WIS
absent the flood came rolling down the
flats. A man living near ran to her
house and endeavored to induce the


little girl to leave it. She refused to
leave her dead brother. The man pick
ed her up, and carried her weeping and
screaming to place of safety. When
he released her she ran swiftly back to
her mothers deserted house, re-entored
it, and in an instant ran out with the
dead baby in her arms. The food was
but a short distance away, and rushing
toward the ground the little girl had to
cross with her burden She reached ii
safe position before the wave of ice roll
ed by, and looking back to see her hum
BILE home crushed to atoms in the mass
of ice, she started in search of her
mother. The latter, when the alarm was
sounded, fastened to return home, and
met her little daughter carrying the life
less baby in the midst Of the crowd that
thronged the high ground. The scene
that followed is indescribable. E
Year: 1875

There was double service in q church
at Nottingham, Manitoba, on a recent
Sunday. A quarrel had divided the
congregation, and each party claimed to
be dominant. Each had called new
minister, and the two clergymen were
on hand to begin their labors. The
first to arrive took possession of the
pulpit, and the other sat behind the
chancel rail. The man in the pulpit
gave out hymn, the other man gave
out another, and both were sung con-
fusedly by the rival sections of the as
sembly. Then the man behind the rail.


ing started off ON his sermon, and the
other began to read chapter of Scrip-
ture. When the reading was over. and
it was plain that the preaching was
going to last much longer, the partisans
OF the reader sang another hymn with a
loud organ accompaniment. The m,isi-
cal noise drowned the voice of the
clergyman in the pulpit, but when it
was over he was found to be preaching
right along, as though nothing unusual
had happened. The Clergyman in the
chancel, less cool, was unable to fix his
thoughts on discourse, and SO remained
silent and beaten. At the close of this
extraordinary scene, deacon explained


that it had been enacted "under legal


advice"