Year: 1870




their feeding, or the care and cleanli


mes of the attendants.


We hold it to be essential in the


production of the higher qualities O


cheese, those qualities which bes


please the tastes of general consum


ers, that the milk be rich, as well a.


clear, pure and sweet, that not only


must all the cream be left in the


milk, but that a more liberal portion
of it exist in the milk when taken
from the COW. 1t has been too much


the great object of patrons of factories
to secure such cows as would produce
the highest number of pounds Of
milk, the heaviest possible credit on


the books of the factory, for the di.


vision of the proceeds, while scarcely


a thought has been given to the mat.


ter of improving the richness and


character of the product OF the facto-


ry, by furnishing rich, creamy milk.
/ The requisite and desired quality


and character of the cheese have been
/ exacted at the hands of the manufac.
/ turer, regardless of the character oi


the material with which he had to do,


and in how many instances has he


been severely blamed, and in Others
/ summarily dismissed or made to pay
| heavy damages because of his failure


to produce rich creamy cheese from
! creamless and filthy milk.


When every request to complete
success in your branch of industry is


understood and carefully practiced by
all, we shall expect to see the Alder
ney and Creampot, now too usually
I thought more ornamental than use


ful, general favorites for cheese as well


as butter-naking. They, like the
! Ayrshire, are found to transmit their


peculiar qualities to their descend
ants with wonderful certainty,


and with careful breeding to the


special point of quantity in milk up
on the best grasses of our county,
( they promise to become most useful.
/ We would not ignore the claims OF


some families of native cows to your


notice. Very gratifying results have
been reached within the range of our


observation, by careful breeding from


them, and as they constitute much


the largest proportion of your dairy
stock, they of necessity must be your


chief reliance for the present.


The main point we would make


being that dairymen will soonest OBJ
tain high average grade of mixers,
and the best return for their industry
and capital by raising their own cows,
from the best milking stock within
their reach, we would not institute
special pleadings in behalf of any par
ticular breed, and have alluded to
particular breeds only as illustrating
results and hoping to stimulate their
reproduction in your own interest.
( This is a branch of the dairyman's s
care, which requires attention and
skill. Every point bearing upon the
final result should be carefully stud
led. Ifit be true with cattle, as it is
proven to he with some other animals,
that the first male cOpulating with a
virgin female makes all her offspring
with his characteristics, this becomes
matter of consequence with breeders
of cattle, and its truth or want of
truth the subject of careful expert
ment.


The suppOsitiOn that heifers are less
valuable as breeders than matured
COWS leads TO their being turned to
remote fields with males of contempt
ible grades, and thus possibly all her
descendants become attaiuted.


The proper treatment of your cows
is topic demanding at least passing
notice, involving as it surely does
more than the ordinary profits of
dairying. Those who have been most
through in the intelligent treatment
of their cows can best understand the
greatly increased usefulness of them
under such treatment. -


As much or more depends upon
good winter treatment as that of the
summer. They more than compensate
for the extra feed required to keep
them in even high condition of flesh
during the months of CESSATION, by
the abundant flow of milk during the
season of milk, beside being vastly
better able to resist the approaches of
disease. During the summer months,
while they wander over the airy pas
lures, breathing an unvitiated atmos-
phere, drinking the pure waters of
your abundant springs, and feeding
upon the sweetest grasses fresh from
the earth, health is condition very
sure to prevail, but under the confine-
ment incident to their comfort during
the rigorous reign of Northern win
ter, every appliance tending to guard
their health and secure their ease
should be fully provided. Pure air
and abundant food are among the
more important of these.


No stable should be unprovided
with the amplest provision for venti-
lation, even at the partial expense of
warmth, as no animal can maintain
the vitality needed in warding off the
epidemics to which they are subject
when kept under circumstances so
calculated to undermine health as the
breathing of vitiated atmospheres,
coupled with scanty supplies of health
giving food.


The active functions of nutrition
and eXcretion in milch cows creates a
large demand for fresh pure air, and
if these be denied they become easy
victims to all classes of disease to
which cattle are liable.


The investigations of the causes
and features of pleuro-pneumonia
have shown that cows are more easily |
by it than young cattle or |
males and especially so just after |
calving. Such is undoubtedly the |
case in all epidemics, and should our |
country ever be reached by the rinder- |
pest, that most fearful of cattle dis
eases, our cows will become the first |
of its direful rayages.


Abortion, which has worked such |
fearful havoc among dairies in Cen
trail New York, and is still unabated,
having thus far baffled all our skill in |
seeking its cause, is ascribed by some
10 the long continued neglect of the
general laws of health as applicable
TO domestic animals.


A number of the farmers club of
the American Institute recently re-
ported valuable list of sanitary ex-
Dedients for preventing this mysteri-
BUS disease, which, though they fail
IN this, must be highly serviceable in
the greatest usefulness
If your fiOcks. We cannot stop to re-
produce them at this time.


The foregoing considerations then
IMPLY the necessity of liberal fund
IF veterinary knowledge among those
with whom rests the responsibility of
he care of your cows, so constantly
ire requisitiOns upon it to be made in
heir daily duties. 1t were folly to
axe refuge under the belief that brutes
ire destitute of organizations suffici-
.ntly delicate to be liable to derange-
nent. Such certainly is not the case
With those that have become domesti-
.ated, and are the special objects of
mans care.


However desirable it might be that
IL should understand the uses of those
medicines applicable to the diseases