Year: 1873

Moore's Ruraz Ne,0 Yorker says an earnest controversy has been going on for some time among butter-makers as to whether the most butter can be made by deep or by shallow setting of the milk. We have the result of several experiments, and some of them so loose- iy made as to be nearly worthless as evidence in favor of either system. We suppose that all butter-makers must be glad to get light on this question, and we therefore print the following state ment made by Hon. F. D. Douglass, of Whiting, in a recent address before the Vermont Board of Agriculture. From MT. Douglasss reputation as butter maker and careful experimenter. his statements are of more than ordinary interest.

 He says: You will doubtless ask whether as much butter can be obtained from deep as from shallow setting? I answer emphatically- where the right temperature is maintained. What ever doubt may arise in the minds of any upon this subject, with regard to results when the weather is cool and most favorable for the success of shal- low setting, there can be no doubt with regard to this point for the entire sea- son, and most ceatainly not during warm weather. l have experimented upon this subject, not so much to satisfy the public with regard to it as myself, and consequently some of my experiments have not been conducted with that nice accuracy of detail, and the results so carefully recorded, as they would have been had they been desi gned for the public eye. l will, however, give you the details of one of these experiments which was the most carefully conducted. that you may understand upon what grounds I base my conclusions in this matter, and if you discover defects in any of the conditions upon which this experiment was conducted, I trust you will freely point them out.

 On the 17th day of June, 1871, I di- vided the days milk of my entire dairy, then consisting of twenty-two COWS, into two equal parts. The amount given by each COW was weighed and accurately divided by weight immediately after being drawn from the COW. One-half was strained into common pans, which were filled about two-thirds full, and placed upon shelves in the milk room. The other half was placed in pails to the depth of about eleven and one-half inches. These were set in vats of water in the same room, and the temperature reduced to 60 degrees, which was the same as the air in the room at that time. They were allowed to stand until the milk in each had become thoroughly loppered, and it was evident that no more cream would rise. The milk in the pans reached that point and was skinned in forty-eight hours; that in the pails stood twelve hours longer. The range of the thermometer in the room was from 60 degrees to 63 degrees until the last 12 hours, when it rose to 69 degrees. The thermometer indicated the same range of temperature in the milk in the pails as in the air, except that 1t did not rise so high by two or three degrees during the last 12 hours. The rise spoken of could not have af- fected the result, as the pans had already been skinned, and the cream had doubtless all risen in the pails.

 The weight of cream produced from the pans was 284 pounds from the pails 339 pounds. This was all churned June P, each at the same temperature, 50 degrees, and in the same churn. Each was washed in precisely the same manner, and taken from the churn into the same butter bowl and carefully weighed. The scales used were Howe's platform scales, nearly new and in good order, but would not indicate a differ ence of less than one-fourth of a pound. and by them there was no difference in- dicated in the weight of the two patches, each weighing twelve pounds before the salt was added. The difference in the weight of the cream is easily ac counted for, there having been an evaporation from the pans amounting to five pounds in weight more than from the pails, caused by the greater extent of surface exposed.

 It will be seen that this experiment was conducted under most favorable circumstances for the success of the shallow setting. The result will be different whenever the temperature of the room rises much above or falls be- low 50 degrees, and is relied on to tenn per the milk in the pans, while the milk 1n the palls IS tempered rightly by artificial means. It will be readily seen that the amount produced by the pails will be greater than that from the pans just in proportion as the degree of heat or cold in the room rises above or falls below right mean. It is upon this and other like experiments, with the general fact of the increased production of my dairy COWS since it's adoption (deep setting), that I base my con- clusions in this matter.

 The advocates of deep setting, so far as we are informed, have never claimed that more butter could be be made from deep setting than by shallow set ting, when both samples of milk are kept at the same range of temperature but the advocates of shallow setting claim that that plan will produce more butter than the other. This experi- ment of Dr. Douglass seems to be fairly made, and if, as he says, his other ex- periments point in the same direction, he has good and sufficient reasons for his conclusions, since, by the deep set ting, more even temperature is main talned than in the open air, while the labor involved is less with the deep than with the shallow settings.

 A Varied Diet for Fowls.

 There are no animals more omniyo- rous than fowls fish, flesh, herbs and grains being devoured by them with equal relish. We say equal, for though they commonly bounce upon meat with greater avidity than upon grain. this IS generally because it forms rarity. and flock kept for while almost en- tirely on animal food will show the same greed for few handfuls of corn. The fondness for variety shown by fowls is as significant of real needs as we have found 1t to be in ourselves. In pur- veying for them, judicious variety, selected from the three general divi- sions--fresh vegetables, grain and ani- moal food-is at all seasons absolutely necessary for young and old, in order to make them perfectly thrifty. True, they will not starve on hard corn and water, neither will they pay profit so kept.-Ihe Poultry World.

 The Sulphur Cure.

 =, A Acorrespondent strongly recommends the following mixture for mildew, scale and red spider, not only upon green house nlants h1,t ,,.,o,, o.zL