smithclay/nortonstories huggingface dataset:
Year: 1875

1t gives us pleasure to call the attention
of the readers of the FARMER to the horse
powers. threshcrs and separatOrs and saws
manufactured by Messrs A. w. Gray u
Sons, of Middetown, VT, advertised in the
FARMER. These gentlemen have proved
themselves pioneers in the improvement OF
this class of machinery, and their goods now
rank fully equal if not superior to any
others manufactured in the country. Indeed
it is doubtful if horse powers that will match
theirs for strength, lightness, durability, ease
Of operation and power can be found in the
market. Their threshers, separators and
cleaners have been improved until 1t would
seem that nothing more could be desired
The same may be said Of the drag aud cir
cuar saws and the fixtures by which they
are operated. What we say of them is from
personal examination and use, and after
having inspected and seen in operation many
other similar machines. The opinion we ex-
press is sustained by the reputation Of the
machines in New England and the West,
an enviable reputation, gained by the best Of
work on the best of materials aud the hig hest
degree Of skill.


The Messrs Gray have been untiring in
their efforts to put goods upon the market
that shall merit the confidence of farmers
and the degree of success attained must b.
gratifying to them.


Their powers are used for great variety
Of purposes, chief among which are saving AnG
threshing. And here we wish to say wore
to farmers. If few neighbOriug farmer
would club together in buying a hors'
power with the machinery for threshing anC
saving they would consult their own inter
ests. They would then be able to do thei
threshing and saving at their own conven
ienoe and at little cost, relieved from tn
expense and trouble incident to patrOnizn
an itinerant machine. With an iron mill
such as are now made TO work very satisfac
torily, the grain intended for feeding to farm
stock could be ground at small expense.


The deserved popularity of these machines
which is spreading year by year, insure
sales of all the firm can produce, and com
pels frequent enlArgemeuts of their work.
already very extended and complete.


When thing is cOnspicuously meritOnou
we believe in saying SO, and that is what W
believe and say about the machines Of A. "
Gray Il Sons.
Year: 1875




There seems TO be considerable difference
of opinion in regard to the goodness of fOd'
der corn.


think it is the way it is raised, that makes
the difference Of opinion. have tried diff
ferent ways and have come to the conclusion
that would not SOW any more broadcast,
because do not want fodder that grows in
the shade the most of my fodder has good
ears of corn on the stalks. l raise the COM
mon sweet corn, will not raise any other
kind l plant my corn, having my rows
some three feet apart, or more, so can run
the horseshoe between the rows, and the
hills some two feet apart / put more seed
in the hill than for raising common corn, l
use about one-half bushel Of seed corn per
acre plant as early as can in the spring
aud avoid the frost, and cut it up as soon as
the Goth Of September, or before to avoid the
fall frost bind it IN small bundles and then
stock il, and put it into the barn when cured.
Stand it up in my barn floors and hay-mows
when can. DO not leave il out all the fall
exposed 10 fall rains. II need it before, to
keep my COWS up to the standard in milk,
cut II up at any time, but it is Of the most
value when matured but ii will not answer
to let our cows dry up at any part Of the
Year: 1875

l have been watching grass field since
last July 1S74), part of which was cut early
with a mower, and the rest left three weeks
later. The square block of two or three
acres in the center of the field, which was
cut last, seemed almost killed all the fall
The grass was timothy, and very little after
math appeared, while the outside of the field
cut first was bright and green. The same
result appears again, this spring, and l
judge the middle Of the field will not yield
half ton of hay per acre, while the outside
may 60 up to ton and half. Add to this
that the early cut grass was best for hay,
and it makes strong case for early cutting
1t is equally important for clover, and in-
deed, unless clover is kept very closely cut
or pastured, the second season, so as to pre-
vent its seeding, it is rarely worth keeping
for grass the third year.-Cor. Country
Gentleman.
Year: 1875

The usual practice is to cultivate lightly
at first, increasing the depth of plowinga the
corn grows larger, and the danger Of cover
ing is lessened. The reverse Of this would
be the better way. While the roots are
small, deep culture can be practiced without
injurlDg them. But it must be remembered
that the roots grow faster at this period than
do the tops. When the tops are three inches
high, the lateral roots, in loose ground, are
from ten to fifteen inches long, and extend in
all directions, and if the pillow reaches them,
they are torn asunder. We are not of those
who believe this does the plant no harm.
Nature makes no such mistakes as to give
plant twice as many roots as it needs. They
are the feeders of the plant, and every one
injured, reduces the feeding power just in
that proportion. Therefore, use the plow
with discrimination-keep the surface loose,
but allow the roots to remain unmoested.-
Ohio Farmer.
Year: 1875

enormous. Farmers must fix on the ideal
Of the animal they wish to produce and stick
to it I; and then observe the we'll known laws
Of breeding. Animals often have qualities
unlike those of any of their immediate an.
cestors, derived from those more remote.
This is called tracing back Hence we
should be careful TO select our breeding
animals on both sides from families having
good qualities developed by long course Of
good breeding and training. Each repro
duction Of a given quality from one genera
tion to another increases the Reproductive
power as to that quality. This is the reaso
why thoroughbred bulls cause such uni
form change when they are crossed with
common stock. Long continued close breed.
ing impairs the constitution. We may not be
able to detect the fact until it appears in
the young. Extremes should be avoided.
The relative influence OF the parents in
determining the qualities Of the young de-
pends in large degree upon that to which they
have been fixed by breeding. Both parents
should, if possible, possess the desired quail
tiles. Hardness is Of ultimate importance.
Early maturity is essential, as great saw
ing Of food is made. An enormous diges-
tive capacity is of the highest Importance in
the cow


Adjourned for dinner.


AFTERNOON SESSION.


A paper was read by Henry Hopkins, Of
Enosburgh. subject the Farmers Table.


Mr.. Hopkins said, do not propose to say
what the farmer shall eat, nor how much,
neither in what length of time but rather
to see how it may be enjoyed by not only
himself but by hIs friends. The farmer has
the advantage Of most other classes of peo-
pie for he receives his food, or at least the
most of it, direct from the soil. His table
should be large enough for all to sit down
at once. He should have a good garden
so that he may have his vegetables fresh.


After Mr.. Hopkins paper Mr.. o. N.
Kelton, of Montgomery, read paper upon
farm buildings.


He said for man and bea st buildings
should be as warm as possible. The past
winter convinced us that our barns cannot
be made too warm. Should all be the same
side Of the road, and little back. We
should observe proper distance between the
house and barn. For our farms in this
part of the state would build as nearly square
as | could. And 10 fact build all buildings
as comfortable as our means will allow and
may the time soon come when every farm
shall have good buildings and home worthy
of the sons and daughters of Vermont.


Mr.. Towle of the Messenger gave a plan
OF farm in his neighborhood after which
Professor Peter Collier, Secretary of the
Board, gave his paper on The General Prin-
ciples Of Fertilization. This paper is of much
interest.


At 4.2O the meeting was adjourned with
out day, and we trust that all have derived
some good from this meeting and will put it
in practice.
Year: 1875

That is Just the way some persons farm it.
They make it pay for the present, pretty
we'll, perhaps, for tho labor expended, but
they soon get their land in such condition
that you cannot get the interest on the price
Of labor required to cultivate it in the same
manner. know Of a man who farms it this
way. lie has quite large farm, but how
does he cultivate it? Well, first, he will
plow up large piece for corn. He does
not plow under any manure, neither does he
harrow any in, but he will manure it in the
hill with hen or hog manure, and he gets a
fair crop of corn. 1t must be rich to yield
such crops, so he plows and sows to oats
without manuring, and don't get big crop.
1t must be that the season is not right, so he
sows to oats again, no crop. Well, if it will
not bear oats it will bear buckwheat, so he
sows to buckwheat without manuring) and
gets fair crop of buckwheat. Then he will
buckwheat the land till, as his neighoors
say, he had to pull it to get what little did
grow. Land as poor as that is not worth
seeding, so it goes to waste to breed what
few weeds will stand the poor soil. After a
few years he will repeat the formula. What
manure he makes goes on about twenty acres
near the buildings, while the rest of his
meadows manure themselves with weeds
This is farming for present profit and future
poverty. His farm might have been worth
one-third more to-day, had it been taken
care Of This is no sketch Of the imagina'
ton but one Of real life. | know another
farmer who is always late, he is behind in
sugaring, plowing, sowing, planting, and. as
a matter of course, in harvesting. This is
another way to farm it for future poverty
and | may say present too. Now few
words of advice to S'ch farmers.


Always be "on hand" with your work
If you can't do it alone get some one to helI
you, it will pay. Punctuality is an ange
virtue and a paying virtue, financially.
Never plow land which is in the best state o.
cultivation while there is any in poorer
state of cultivation. Never keep up piece
of land more than two years, and always
make it a rule to manure heavily, at leas
one of these years. Make all the arti6cia
manure, compost heaps, &C., extra that you cal
to put upon your land, don't rely upon YouI
stables and barnyards for your fertilizers
Top dress what you can of your meadow
every two or three years, in the fall befor'
snow flies, and, my word for it, you will
never regret the time and labor spent II
keeping your meadows rich.


A. II. PALMER.


StdrkSbOrO, June 7.


[Will Mr.. Palmer tell us why he names
date SO late in the season for tOp-dressinI
meadows. Has he tried early fall top
dressing2l
Year: 1875

The Western Rural tells Of man who
plants, two or three weeks after the crop is
planted, new hill of corn every fifteenth
row each way. And this is the reason: If
the weather becomes dry after the filling
time, the silk and tassels both become dry
and dead lu this condition, if it should be-
come seasonable, the silk revives and renews
its growth, but the tassels do not recover.
Then for want of pollen, the new silk is I'M
able to fill the Office for which it was designed.
The pollen from the replanted corn is then
ready to supply the silk, and the filling is
completed. He says nearly all the abortive
ears, so common in all corn crops, are caused
by the want of pollen, and he has known
ears to double their size in this second fill
ing.
Year: 1875

Among the numerous expressions of ap'
probation Of, and good will towards, the
FARMER which we have received, we select
the following as containing less of personal
compliment, and indicating how the paper is
esteemed by good judges of agricultural
literature.


WILMINGTON, June 7, 1875.


Mr.. Hubbard IL have received No. 26
of Vol. D Of the VERMONT FARMER. Its typo
graphical appearance is excellent, up to the
best country papers with which l am familiar
The original matter, with which it abounds,
is prepared with wise reference to the in
struction of its readers in agriculture aud
morals and there appears no disposition to
cater for the depraved taste Of the reader.


That country paper can furnish SO much
original matter and be successful, may be n
source Of surprise to some journals that eau
scarcely pay expenses by rigid adherence
to the scissors but the source of surprise to
the latter journal, is a source of success to
the former. For the reader Of to-day is be-
come too fastidious to sit at second tables ;
he demands fresh food for his mental, as we'll
as for his physical system.


If the number before me is specimen,
few papers out of the large cities can fairly
claim so high degree of merit.


The proprietor, see, is wise enough to
adopt the system Of advance payment. This
is right Subscribers who will, at the pres
ent day, find fault with this system, are not
generally among the most valuable ones.


The paper is we'll worthy Of large sub
scription list.


With much esteem,


remain, yours, &c.
s. IL, CHAMBERLAIN
Year: 1875




The Prairie Farmer prints in advance,
from the next report of the Michigan State
Board of Agriculture, the following from
Prof A. j. Cook, of the Michigan Agricul-
tural College


All will concede that this insect holds first
rank among our insect pests.


Natural History.


The little gray moths come forth in May
and June, are wholly nocturnal, and there
fore seldom seen. As soon as the fruit
forms, single egg is laid on the blossom
end of the fruit and as soon as the egg
matches, the larva enters the apple. All
know the subsequent history of the larva in
the fruit, for who has not seen the tiny white
caterpillar, with its black head mining away
at the rich pulp, which it replaces with filth ?
In three weeks the larva natures, leaves the
apple, and in some concealed place spins a
silken cocoon and assumes the chrysalis state.
In from nine to fifteen days, varying with
the tempersture, the moth issues. The apples
are again stocked with eggs as before, after
which comes q recurrence of all the disgust
ing work narrated above, except that the
larvae, upon leaving the apple, simply spin
cocoons, in which they remain till spring
when they pupate and in about two weeks
the first moths appear.


The time when the first moths come forth
varies from May till July l so that moths
will be issuing from May till August 1
and the worms will be leaving the apple
from the last of June till the fruit is gather.
ed. My own experience seems to show that
no pup@ are formed after the first week OF
August, as, 50 far AZ have examined, all
Larvae that leave the apples after that time
simply spin a cocoon in which they remain
as larvae till the next spring. Some OF the
observing fruit-men Of our state think that
during the past season many OF these insects
pupated after that time. Such cases came
not within my observation.


OF those larvae which leave the apple
while it still hangs on the tree, about one
half crawl down, till beneath some bark OIL
10 some crevice they find seelusion in which
to spin unobserved. Those which fall tC
the ground with the fruit crawl out and i
the ground is free from all rubbish, stumps
etc., they crawl up the tree and hide as be
fore.


| Remedies.


Place around the trunk of every bearing
tree, midway between the ground and branch
ss. wooden cloth about Ave inches wide, and
sufficiently long to pass around and Lar
enough to tack. This may be fastened with
one or two tacks. have usually found one
placed in the middle to be quite sufficient
The tack should not be driven quite up tC
the head. Before the cloth band is adjusted
Year: 1875

ARIsTocRAcy IN New PHAsE.-We are
informed that the colleges of Yale and
Harvard have resolved that hereafter they
will not take part in the annual boating
contest which has recently been an event
of so much interest to the country at large.
Neither Yale nor Harvard have been as
successful as they had expected in these
struggles, although on each occasion they
made practically as good display as their
competitors. We do not know the reasons
that led them to withdraw from the annual
competition. We suppose that there is a
feeling of pride on the part of the students.
They feel that they belong to a superior
class of scholars, and that Harvard and
Yale have too high a standing to be
huddled in with dozen other colleges of
lesser wealth and probably not so exalted a
position. Perhaps, also, they may wish to
establish in America a contest like that be-
tween the Oxford and Cambridge boating
clubs, which has been for several years a
feature in London, and so lay claim to a
pre-eminence like that which Oxford and
Cambridge possess in England of
being gtherepresentative colleges of America.
N. Y. Herald.
Year: 1875

CHARLEY RoSs.-Public attention is once
more to be called to the strange abduction
of Charley Ross. Failing in their efforts to
discover any trace of the lost boy, the police
authorities have decided on bringing TO
trial Westervelt, WHO will be remembered
as the brother-ii-law of Mo,hcr. one # the
two burglars shot to death by the Van
Brunts on Long Island. 1t is asserted that
the police authorities of Philadelphia have
discovered new Observation-Disclosures
welt in the abduction, and it is expected
that the boys place of conccalment will e
discovered in the course of the trial. The
belief is strongly entertained that Charley
Ross is still alive, but is kept out of sight by
Westervelt and his friends. In view of the
desperate character of MoSher and his
associate this theory does not recommend
Itself very strongly, but the police are right
in not abandoning the search until they
can satisfactorily clear up the boys fate.
Year: 1875

CHEAP DIsINFEcTANT-Th following IS
highly commended by those who have used
1t. Dissolve bushel of salt in barrel of
water, and with the salt water slack a
barrel of lime, which should be wet enough
TO form kind of paste. For the purpose
OF disinfectant, this homemade chloride
OF lime Is nearly as good as that bought at
the shops and drug stores. Use it freely
about sinks, cellars and cutters and
outhouses, andi in this way prevent sickness,
suffering and expense.
Year: 1875

We have received from the Mutual Life
insurance Company of New York two neat
little volumes, in beautiful Illuminated
covers, one telling what to do in "Acci
dents, Emergencies and Poisons'' and the
other how to take . Care of the Sick" They
both contain useful information, and arc to
be had free of cost by addressing the above
named company.
Year: 1875

Taken in full doses on retiring for the night, it.
will be found to exert the most powerful influence
the organs of circulation and perspiration. Per
spiration flows from every part of the body glow
OF heat extends from head to foot, every muscle and
fibre is relaxed, and in state Of the most crafty
ing repose, while pain, soreness of the bones and
muscles disappear, and the poor sufferer. in state
Of mind ut once composed and happy, sinks into
refreshing sleep, lasting until morning. from which
he awakens a new man. mild dose before break.
fast and another before going out for the day. will
L. ia tai in urlaorn oil
Year: 1875



 We learn that there is n consid- erable degree of uneaslness in va rions parts of our county arising out of the organization of the State Militia in our county. There seems to be some distrust as to the object of this move, and few are so timid that they are just ready to flee the country. We will take occasion to assure every man in the county, that there is no cause for alarm. Dis arm all fears and come up and enroll your names. The organization is being made in pursuance to a law of your state. It is legitimate, right and proper. ART II ofthe amendments to the Constitution of the United States says q we'll organized msHs tia is necessary to the security Of q free state. The legislature of 1868 enacted the law under which the State Militia Is now being or ganizcd, and as we said before, it is right that the organlzation should be effected. It is nothing more than we had years ago, and no good citizen need have any scruples at enrolling. It is one of the duties of a good citizcn-as much so as to pay his taxes. There is no prospect or probabili- ty of any active service being re- quired.
Year: 1875

The unpleasant fact stares us in the face that there are many peO- pie in our county and we presume such is the case all over the state who arc going to find it very hard matter to get through the coming year without suffering, unless there is some assistance rendered them. The year just passed. was n very unfavorable crop year. Many hard working men found it impos- sible to pay up and have anything left to supply themselves the pres- ent year. Somc-quite number find they did not make even enough to settle with their mer- chants; and have to ask to be car

 

 ried over for part. X few are so careless of their reputation for honesty that they don't make any effort to pay. Under tho existing exemption provisions of our con  stitution there is not many cases where the merch ant can enforce collections. But few are worth the amount of exemptions allowed. There is virtually no collection laws at all. It all rests with the honor of the parties. There is no encouragement for the merchant to assist the needy; he has no protection; he can carry only such cases as he considers sure; the consequence is, many see want staring them in the ::facc and no succor in sight.

 We see here the urgent ncccssi. ty for some provisions of law which will encourage the man of capital to assist the needy. The provis- ion must afford some ample secur- ity to the bcnefactor and at the same time must not impose undue hardship upon the beneficiary: must be just to the one and not oppressive to the other.

 Without some such enactment we fear there will be many cases of dcstitution which will be sadly neglected. With it, and by the use of economy, industry and ju- dicious management on the part of the destitute, there is no reason why the unpleasant prospect of much suffering during the coming year, should longer be n source of anxiety.
Year: 1875

In Our last issue we noted tn. passage of an act suspending the sale of lands for delinquency and imposing a penalty of 10 per cent.

 We are just in receipt of a let ter from Hon. C. E. ToMy-our able Senator-in which he says we are mistaken about the bill passing in the house. He states that members of the house assure him it will net pass in it's pres cnt shape.

 We hope not.

 Senator Tobey says, "advisc your people to buy scrip while it can be had for 25 cents, as it will be worth more than twice that sum year from now. No man should put off the payment of taxes if it is possible to pay now.' Further our friend say, II wish the DEMOCRAT abundant success. May the Russcllvillc DEMOCRAT and all the big and little democrats prosper and may their shadow never grow less"
Year: 1875

The last Legislature made material and very


proper changes in the law of assault and battery
prosecutions. 1t is no longer practicable for a
person guilty of assault to 30 to friendly magia-
trate, "give himself up, pay a nominal hne,and
then defy further prosecution The changes in
the law have put this fraudulent proceeding out
Of future practice, and while we are not able to
state the precise words of the amended act


magistrates would do well to look up the mat