Year: 1875

years admitted In the theory OF the military
vice Of the Porte but the rayahs have persstenty
fused to'accept the house offered them. Young
OF fortune belonging the old official families Of tho
Phanan viii consent 10 hold the higher commissions
little tnseI their coats for short time TIL
they can get places in the civil service but the poor
est Of the rayahs viii not voluntarily the ranks
The great commands the Turkish army generally
given 70 aliens. Thus the natives ofpatriotsm and Of
loyalty must be in great degree absent from
armies so constituted; and, though all men win fight
when ably led against enemy may be questionable
whether troops Ike those Of Turkey would Withstand
prolonged reverses and the Ottoman Empire cannot Be
kept together without military force, in good
working order


LARGE ARMIES NECESSARY


Everywhere in Europe while the dstaste for mil
itary life increases the part Of the people, large
standing armies have necessary purposes
Of government, and they only be maintained
cost Of men and money which nations
growing more and unwilling 10 pay If
the standing armies and military police Of Europe
abolished, the 'iberal party" virtually wishes
abolish them, they reduced altogether 10
semblies of citizens only armed and drilled when
cason required, there would be risings everywhere
among the dsafIected, and bodies of could be
got together on emergency sufficiently numerous
and well disciplined put them down. 1t is admitted





force, and il physical force may not or used
it is difficult to understand how order viii be preserved


AUSTRIA WANTS


Austria does want any increase OF territory, nor
does Russia But Austria does want an uninterrupted
navigation of the Danube and quiet upon her bor-
ders. II Turkey govern her provinces peaceably
Austria would like TO the status quo prolonged. If
the smaller States could be orderly could have
no objection to them forned in independent quasi
Independent States under peaceabe rule OF any sort
they might like best But the wars OF small States
have always been very fierce and between servia and
Montenegro there is much same feud as formerly
existed between Moldavia and Wallachia


LARGE STATES NECESSARY.


Large States with large armies only can quiet
between conflicting populations and should the prov
inces of the Porte succeed shaking of the yoke Of
Turkey entirely we might series Of petty wars
which would close the Danube to commerce from Bel
grade Gaatz and then both Russia and Austria would
be compelled to interfere though whether they could
do so. with any permanently good object or without
great danger to themselves quite another question.


THE CONDITION THE RAYAHs


The rayah population Of Turkey is accustomed TO
very lax government and to very light taxation,
whereas the government Of all the larger States is firm
and the taxation heavy. Not only the Court the
army the navy and the civil have to be main





ton of the law has to be provided for. There are
taxes for tho maintenance of the public
health and education; poor rates, paving and
lighting rates. for efficient drains and for good
roads most OF which charges unknown
to the rayahs of Turkey, and they would excite amaze
ment when brought 10 their notice. They would be
discontented when subjected to such system Of taxa
ton as is necessary the existence of civilized
government, and few years after their annexation
either to Austria Russia the agitation would
be made for ''home rule as that which is now going
on among them. The Sclaves would always ask for any
change which would promise to diminish their burdens
or to promote individual ambition, just they
asking for change


INTERFERENCE NEEDED.


There is nothing peculiar in the state of Turkey and
her provinces anything which calls for the inter
ference Of the great Powers, long the Porte
preserve order within Turkish territory. Finland has
aspirations after home government under Russian rule
Croatia home government under the rule Of Aus
tria and Ireland equally desires it under the domin
| ion of England a Should Turkey, however, be
unable to keep the peace in Montenegro and
| in the Herzegovina it will then remain to be
what Power be substituted for the Turkish authority
these countries and what arrangement will be most
for the general good No of any great power
now covets increase of territory in this drection and
therefore no doubt be entertained that the Euro





pean Cabinets would approach the subject Of partition
OF Turkey very cool and reasonable frame Of mind
Neither Austria Russia the only parties concerned
with Montenegro and the Herzegovina have interest
in annexing them. On the contrary, they have every
interest in abstaning from meddling at all with
the discussion its present state Tho only
question remaining and it is very serious one, is
whether lgoverned States, with their inefficient police
their vicious tariffs their imperfect sanitary arrange
ments deplorabe state Of their roads agriculture
and navigation should not be considered the plague
spots OF the world whose existence is dangerous the
veal 1t is clear that some change must and
will be made In Montenegro and the Herzegovina
as soon all parties shall have arrived at that concu-
sion


This is more less exact report of the opinions Of
Count Beust the present condition Of affairs in the
East and they have been faithfully recorded they
wanting in the value and importance which belong
TO consummate craftsmanship and great experience.