Year: 1872

certain criterion for cough as the plan
suggested.


| THE SHOULDER


contains two important bones imbedded
In mass Of strong muscles. One Of
these is called the scapula, or shoulder
blade; the other is called the humerus,
or arm-bone. The scapula runs from the
point Of the shoulder below TO the edge
Of the withers above. Its outline is well
marked and easily traced when the horse
Is thrown into action. Its length bears
ap intimate relation to the length Of the
animars stride, and consequently it can
hardly be too long. The position of its
upper extremity should be particularly
observed. It ought to be as close as pos
sible to the ribs and spine. If it is 80
wide set "A to permit a persons finger to
be thrust down between il and the with
ers, the action of the forequarters will
be clumsy and unsafe. The length and
slope Of the shoulders are to be estimated
by the length and slanting position of the
shoulder-bladO, and not, as is very often
the ease by the appearance of the shoul-
der-top.


The humerus, or lower bone of the
shoulder, is strong and round in its shaft
1t reaches from the lower end of the sea
pula, at the point of the shoulder, TO the
top of the foreleg, by its means the
shoulder-blade is united to the leg. A
long, well-slanted scapula. and tolera-
bly, long, well-slantcd humerus, must, Of
necessity, form deep and elastic shoulder
while the leg will be favorably placed in
reference to the weight il is destined to
carry. The points of the shoulder must
be light. The leg must not, under any
circumstances, be placed at a greater dis
tance from the front Of the counter; nor
should it, on the other hand, be brought
very far forward. A medium position is
decidedly the best, as that will ensure a
favorable leverage with a moderate
weight. There is no popularity in the
attachment of the shoulder-blade to the
body which does not occur in any other
part of the animal. All other bones are
united together by the Intervention of car
tilages or joints; but in this case the
union with the body is effected solely by
means Of muscular substance. There is
nothing approximating to a joint. The,
''tsl,osldsr.biaisv !; !, ,,is,.tabaubu, .iArw4s
in a mass Of muscle. This arrangemen
serves completely to break the


SHOCK OF THE GALLoP


or leap, and, at the same time, render
shoulder lameness very rare occurrence
except as the consequence of dircc
local injury. If the shoeing-smiths wer
aware of this fact they would not trac
to the shoulder, as they invariably do
one-half of the diseases which are locates
in the foot and leg. By referring tn
lameness to the shoulder the smith cal
easily get rid of the results of bad shoe
ing. The light draught horse shoul'


have a strong and thick but moderated
T slanting shoulder. In roadsters, trottin,
and saddle horses, the withers ought +
be high and the shoulder well laid back
The high withes will materially assis
in raising his fore-quarters from tn
ground, while the slanting direction O
the shoulders will increase his stride.
The arm should be very broad at ii
junction with the body, for the purpos
of afording an extensive basis for tn


attachment Of muscles. Now, as tn
muscles are the only moving power il
the animal, and as all the muscles en-
gagged in extending and Aexing the foo
and knee are situated ON the arm, it mus
follow that the strength of the arm is


matter of primary Importance. The pro
lection Of the bone called the elbow
which can easily be felt at the back par
Of the top Of the arm, demands attention
The advantage in muscular action whicl


Is gained by the addition Of an inch il
its length is very great, as could easily b
proved by a reference to the principle O
the lever in mechanics. 1t is Of grea
Importance to have the elbow thrown ia
,thsck from the front of the arm. Tn


more breadth and strength there is il


this locality the better. There are thre
masses Of muscle connected with the arm


all capable of being seen and distinctll
felt. One Of the masses is placed OH tn
outer edge Of the arm. in front, the sec


ond directly behind and the third on tn


inside, at the junction of the leg an,
chest. They must all Charge and strong


The first and second are engaged in ex


tending and Aexing the limb, the thir,
confines the arm to the side, keeps tn,


legs in a straight line and prevents tn


limbs from being too widely separated


None of them can be dispensed with, a


all have a most onerous duty to perform


lro M oescLuDKD IN ouR SKxrl





THECARllsLE Mercury tells Of maI


in that town who was born in the yea


1906; in the sixth month of the year


on the sixth day Of the week; at si,


O'Clock in the morning; is the sixth son


has six letters in each Of his names vls


ON the sixth of June was sixty-six yean
of age.