Year: 1873

How CALIFORNIA FIELDS ARE PLowED.
The fields are plowed with what are called
gang plows, which are simply four, six or
eight plow shares, fastened to stout frame
of wood. On the lighter soil eight horses
draw seven gang plow, and one such team
is counted on to put in six hundred and forty
acres of wheat in the sowing season ;.or from
eight to ten acres per day. Captain Gray,
near Merced, has put in this season four thous-
and acres with FIVE such teams-his own land
and bis own teams A seed sower is fastened
in front of the plow. 1t scatters the seed, the
plow covers it, and the work is DONE The
plow has no handles, and the plowman is, in
fact, only driver he guides the team-the
plows do their own work, and smart boy, IT
his legs are equal to the walk, is as good
plowman as anybody-for the team turns the
corners, and the plow is not handled at all.


1t isa striking sightto see eight horse teams
following each other over a vast plain, cut
ting Glands" a mile long, and when all have
passed, leave track forty feet wide of plowed
ground. On the heavier soil, the process is
somewhat different. An eight horse team
moves four gang plow, and gets over about
six acres per day. The seed is then sown by
a machine which scatters it forty feet, and
sows from seventy-fve to one hundred acres
in day, and the ground is then narrowed and
cross narrowed.


When the farmer in this valley has done
his winter sowing, he turns his teams and men
into other grounds, which he is to summer
fallow. This he can do from the first Of
March to the middle of May; and by it be Sc
cures remunerative crop for the following
year, even if the seasan is dry. This discov-
cry is of inestimable Importance to the farm.
ers on the drier parts Of these great plains
Experience has now demonstrated conclusive.
ly, that, if they plow their lands in the spring,
let it lie until the winter rains come on, then
SOW their wheat and harrow it in, they are
sure of crop; and the summer will have
killed every weed beside.





DEPEND ON Your Own EFFORTS.
your own battles Hoe your own row, Ask
no favors of any one, and you will succeed
thousand times better than those who are
always beseeching some ones patronage. No
one will ever help you as you can help your
self, because no one will be so heartily inter-
ested in your affairs. The first step will not
be such long one, perhaps; but, carving
your own way up the mountain, you make
each one lead to another; and stand firm in
that while you chop out still another. Men
who have made their fortunes are not those
who had FIVE thousand dollars given them to
start with, but started fair with well.earned
dollar or two. Men who have by their own
exertions acquired fame have not been thrust
into popularity by puffs. begged or paid for.
or given in friendly spirit. They have out
stretched their hands and touched the public
heart. Men who win love do their own WOO
ing and / never knew man to fail so sig
nally as one who had induced his afectionate
grandmamma to speak good word for him.
Whether you work for fame, for love, for
money, or for anything else, work with your
hands, heart and brain. Say II will !" and
some day you will conquer. Never let any
man have it to say, 81 have dragged you up."
Too many friends hurt man more than none
at all.-Grace Greenwood.