Year: 1873

RB-KA ACCINATIOM


1t has been asserted that during the
epidemic, (smau pox), vaccination is not
certainly preventive. This is not true.
Any instance of effectuaI vaccination
is as certainly preventive of small pox
as is previous attack of small pox.
The error is one of observation. It is
not every instance which vaccine matter
has been inserted, and has been follow
ed by a vesicle which passed through
its regular stages that is an effectual
vaccination. Many of them are in
stances of only local affection Jenner
was emphatic, that to render a person
unsusceptible of small pox, the intro
duction of the cowpox matter must be
followed by local and constitutional
affection. And subsequently observers
confirmed the teaching of tie immortal
discoverer of the cowpox There has
never been but one esteemed rule to de
termine that the constitutional affection
had occurred. The scar, its size, the
extent of areola, or hardness of base
around and of the vesicle, its suppurat-
ing the eighth day, or the detachment
of scab on given day, not one has ever
been regarded by those most conversant
with the history of cowpox as evidence
of immunity-ns evidence that the in
dividual has been successfully vaccinat-
ed. Hence the occurrence of so many
cases of varioIoid, or small pox, in per-
sons who had been Intellectually vacci-
mated. And hence the necessity of re-
vaccination on the part of every person
upon whom Bryce's test of effectual
vaccination had not been applied. He
was practitioner of medicine in Scot
land during the early years of this cen
tury, and gave to the subject of vacci-
nation close observation, extensive ex-
perimentation and profound considera-
tion. He demonstrated, and it has since
been confirmed, that if the local and
constitutional effect of the COW pOx mat
ter exist, a re-intrOdUctiOn of lymph a
few days after primary vaccination viii
occasion a second vesicle, and the first
and second vesicIes will maturate at the
same time, and both will die away to-
gether. If the second vesicle goes
through all the stages of the first vesi-
Gle, it is proof that the first vesicle pro-
duced only local affection. Without a
surety that the matter is pure COW pox,
and without Bryce's test, revaccination
is an absolute necessity, and ought to
be compelledifn not voluntarily practised.


THE MOUNTAINS or COLORADO.


The mountain ranges of Colorado
cover an area of from 60, 900 to 10000
square miles. This includes bodily the
entire territory east of this points. All
Switzerland covers but 10000 square
miles, or to be accurate, ID, 800. The
fact is Switzerland, compared to Colo
RADIO, is as one of the little wooden toy
co to living buffalo. You can take up
the whole little State, and set it down
in either the Middle. or South Parks,
without touching the rim of the noun
tains which wall in these grand and sin
gular enclosures. These parks are each
of them from $4,000 to $4,000 square
miles in extent, and the San Luis is
nearly as large all three.


So as to magnitude, which is GER
tainly an element of mountain scenery
as to pure scenic beauty, of course the
evidence cannot be reduced to figures,
but it is reasonable to suppose that this
vast expanse of gigantic ranges, endless
cannons, bottomless gulches; with its
lake swung 1900 feet in air and its cas-
cades and icy waterfalls still higher
with its eternal SHOWS and preadamite
stone forests of tropical eflloresence-
offers all of picturesque and wild effects
that any other land Or region can claim.
Call Switzerland the q miniature Colo
RADIO of Europe" if you please, but let
us have done forever with the other
phrase, which has no meaning itself,
and is a detraction of on own land.





PRoGREss OF THE HoosAC TUNNEL.-
The great railway tunnel through the
Hoosac Mountain, near North Adams,
Massachusetts,, is progressing very eff
fectively, and it is probable that the
bore Will be completed IN October, 1873.
The boring for the past year or more
has been carried on at four headings,
one at each side of the mountain, and
two, in opposite directions, from the
bottom of a vertical shaft which is sunk
near the middle of the mountain. The
18th of December was an eventfuI day
among the workmen After some un-
usually heavy hastings, a junction of
the two headings between the east end
of the tunnel and the central shaft was
then effected, greatly relieving th


contractors by the immediate drainag
of water from the central shaft. The
central shaft is ,O3O feet in depth, and,
since the junction was made, it is found
to operate like an immense chimney,
producing a strong draft through the
whole length of the eastern section of
the tunnel, a distance Of nearly two and
a half milf miles. It has not yet been
ascertained what, if any, difference ex-
! lists between the lines Of the two bor-
! inps which have juss been united but
/ if is believed that there can be only a
trifing variation. The working Of the
pumping machinery, previously re-
/ duired to keep the shaft free, was a
difficult and expensive operation. The
water viii now flow down grade into
/ the Deerfield River and the pumps
may be removed. A distance of about
four thousand feet remains to be cut IN
order to complete the bore. The total