Year: 1867




agoons and the more southern parts of West Africa
and hat tee been described under the name Of
gorilla h ascertained that that animal already
known fe treass though very inperfectly, for an
allasiou cend n Their literature to ind OF small
hairy observed on he wess coast $, AFRICA which
could moi epeas ana which very savage and un-
tamable. And now thai the gorilla skno.a il cannot
be doubted that he animal mentioned this kind of
monkey Now me question Is what arc The structural
relations which exist between these monkeys and the
other kind Of monkeys and all monkeys taken together
and mankind Before proceed to compare
general words concerning their distribution All
monkeys known are to be found within the tropics. II
ing the temperate zone In the Old World that
the southern extremity Of SPAIN the OF Gbral
tar a few monkeys have been observed, and in the
southernmost parts OF Japan. Otherwise the home OF
the monkeys is within the TROPICS with the exception
Of Australia, in which exist at ALL But monkeys
are not the same In different parts Of the world and
there is a wide difference among them. Ia the first
place, as natural group distinct among the other NAM
malta monkeys are characterized hy an anatomical
which is very striking. They have ali four hands
while other animals have four feet and man has
Two feet and two hands and the difference which
limb terminated with fingers which all on one
level and which all bend in the same direction is foot
limb which has number Of fingers bending in the
same way, while one finger may be opposite 10 the
other aud successfully be brought into contact with each
% me SS onss ;a@ s ps Psri ..
and the thumb may be brought into Juxtaposition
successfully with each Of the fingers, while this Is
utterly impossible with the toes of the foot They all
bend in the direction-thc large well the
others-and the large toe cannot be brought
into position successfully with the other toes
Now, then, all animals which have feet at the
extremity OF their four limbs are quadrupeds
and all animals which havo -four hands and no feet are
monkeys And all monkeys have hands at the end Of
their hind limbs well their fore limbs, while man
has pair Of feet and PAIR OF hands This s perhaps
the most prominent difference which may be noticed
among these animals and the characteristic feature Of
the great order Of monkeys. must however say that
there some slight notifications this respect among
the monkeys, in as far there some in which the
thumb 80 short that cannot be as regularly brought
into juxtaposton with the other fingers in the hand
OF man. and there monkeys which
the thumb is merely rudimental, that four
fingers are only developed, and the thumb
tutes finger lie the position Of nail upon the term-
nation. The last joint of the finger in perfect hand,
the last joint of every finger has fiat nail covering
only the upper part Of the joint OF the nge and
extending forward and not bending the last joint
Now this the case with a the nails OF our hand and
u also with the nails Of foot, but not with
those Of the animals, though we find there an mper-
feet hands perhaps whore the thumb two
may have curved nails bending the termination Of
the finger. This is the often among some OF the
monkeys. We have often such monkeys IN which the
thumb alone and the first finger have really nat nail,
the other fingers having arcbed claws bending the
termination OF the finger Now agan. Of the monkeys,
have great variety as to size. Some OF them are
not larger than squrres-nOt lsYger often than our
small striped quirrels-whie others approach stature
exist between them Thus monkeys are scattered over
Africa and Central and Southern Asia, but IN each of
these different parts OF The world they present different
and specai characteristics The monkeys of the OId
World that those inhabting the tropical portions o.
Africa and Of ASIA are all remarkable for the great
height OF the foreheadfor the great angle of the
which they present And naturalists have been In the
habit of measuring what is called the facial ANGLE which
is the line passing from the forehead from the upper
jaw will meet with another line passing along the base
OF the skull In hin intellectual nan--that angle
stood that so well that in their statues when they
wanted TO exhibit the intellectually Of
prominently than any other OF the features Of humanity,
they exaggerated the incline OF that line, and to
their Jupiter who the great representation of
ative power they gave very great prominence 10 the
forehead, which overstepped the right angles, that
the forehead is made very prominent the face So
well that understood the characteristic feature of
the higher organizations Of the vertebrate type Now
monkeys Of the Old World approach that respect
more to man than any ctLer Of the monkeys, and the
young ourang ouang in that respect far
monkeys approach the characteristics of adult 1t
curious fact that their early age when the more
with the rgidy that marks the features Of the adult
animals that moro closely related to another
resemble one another more closely when young than in
the adult state And find in tn is respect among
the hgner monkeys greater resemblance between the
young monkey and the young children than between the
adults Themselves Another feature OF the monkeys Of the
Old World consists in the construction of the
The one Of the prominent features Of the face all
through the higher type Of the the Old World
and in man as we'll as in monkeys we nnd most char.
acterstic difference between the different representa-
tves of these two gr eat groups marked and strEng
difference In tho form of the The white has


prominent, aquine nose and IN the shape Of the
tris, which opened from forwards and backwards,





prominent portion of the face. Other of men
have the contrary, fattened nosc and their nos
trs open in sideways, that the nostrils open from
the SIDE outwards Some naturaIsts have observed 10
the monkeys OF the Old World that they have narrow
nostris, and that their nostrils open nwards white
men, and from forwards and backwards that that
portion which divides the nostrs is very Then
again. II is observed that among the monkeys Of the Old
World We find large number OF them destitute Of tails.
Neither the ouranoutang, nor the gorilla chimpan
zee has any caudal appendaec. In the islands Of the
and the forests Of there are large tribes Of
III n tufp
OF tails Among the large number OF monkeys that in.
habit and over the continent of Africa find the
balloon, q short tailed species. II s only among the
more slender kinds Of monkeys inhabiting the Old
World that we find those monkeys that have as long
again, among those monkeys that We ind in the Old
World we ind monkeys in the New World not only
generally s smaller but having prolonged snSu. but
Of the monkeys OF the Old World. And what q most
curious fact Is that their nosrs are broad and that
portion between the nostrls remarkably broad that
the nostriis open in . manner sidewaya And among
these again we lind large number Of monkeys which
have remarkably long tals and OF them with
tails which terminate with naked surface underneath
which tncy can use a. IN additional limb; and these
monkeys have 50 much dextery IN the use Of the tail
that they can seize the swaest objects with IL with
as great precision as with their hands All
monkeys with such prehensile tails arc
monkey In the Old World has thar peculiarly Even
those monkeys that have prehersle tails have them
number Of monkeys in T South n' America cslsah sssh
have somewhat long tails, but there is not ono
the whole continent OF Amesica entirely destitste Of
q caudal appendage SO that you will we have two
we'll marked groups Of monkeys inhabng the Old and
New Worlds their distinguishing cohsissng Of
OF the peculiar form OF their noses by
their SIZE There two other families which have also
special marks Of difference There is the large squirrel
monkey, which inhabits only the tropical portions OF
South America, and the valley OF The Amazon and the
northern portions Of Brazil and which differs from a
other monkeys in having ts teeth provided with
ous prones. grinding teeth, somewhat like the molcs
the other having small, imperfect hands more nke


paw than the hands OF other monkeys and yet 20 like
fingers thai they clearly and unmisakably show that
they are monkeys. Another difference that
| have not yes mentioned between the men-
keys 6 the Old World and those OF the
New World consists In the dsntitcn Nan has Ave grind
ers above and below and on the right and ef making
twenty In all And 90, too, have all the mon
keys Of the Old World But the monkeys Of the
New World have all one tooth each side, above
and below, the number Of their grinders being twenty
four In all There s also another class Of monkeys hav


ing only twenty-five each side The only four groups
known ~ the mscacas which inhabt Madagascar. and
are exclusively found In numbers that island though
there s class allied 70 the macac found ON the oppo
site shore Of Africa What distinguishes these monkeys
from all other monkeys u the form or shape Of their