Year: 1866

to them by the abolition of the do
nestle institution; and, third, war
to the bitter end against all endea-
vors to protect the freedom of the
freedmen. On each of these points
the South would undoubtedly be-
come an unit if every license were
given it. Then came the question
of legislation. 1t was evident that
if the South were admitted to repre-
sentationin Congres.it would not als
low, If it We're possible to help It,
freedmen to become freemen. This
YVES the will of the South, against
whom the negro fought in the late
war. Thus, if all the rope were
given to the South they might still
see united South on the rock Of
Southern rights. Applause.1


But then the negro had tasted the
blessings of liberty, and no man
who once tasted drop from the di-
vine cup willingly bowed his head
again to the yoke of servitude.-
lCheers. They had also learned to
fight in the war under Northern
men, and maybe they would rise?-
[Cheers.] This was certainly wha,
would be the result of a policy
based upon the absurd proposition
that the South would do better than
they had right to expect. The
policy OF reconstruction inaugural
ted by President Johnson was not
what he believed to be thoroughly
in accordance with the wants of the
Southern people. They had allow
ed the golden opportunity to slip
by without taking advantage of it.
At thesmoment Of the final triumph
Of the Union arms the had an op-
portunity for reconstruction which
they would now have to work for
years to equal. [Applause.] But
the spirit which had caused the tri-
umph of the Union arms had, thank
God, given them Congress which
was still attached to the true cause
of freedom.


There were four things which he
considered necessary for the real re-
construction of the Union. Tie
first was, if you want to make trea-
son odious, you must not appoint
traitors to rule over loyal men. The
second was, if you want free lab +
established, you must not intrust
the work to prc-slavcry men. The
third is, you want the South to do
what it is right for it to do, youmust
not part with hepower which ena-
bles you to make them do it before
they have doneit. [Checrs.1 The
fourth was, if you want to please
your enemies, you must not begin
bv dlspleasing your friends. These
were maxlms which nobody thought
of ignoring in private business, and
which We're equally important in
public affairs. Applause.1


Mr.. Schurz then reed an extract
from his reports on the condition of
the South, which tended to prove
that free labor was not established
there de haeto, but only de j;ure.


A privileged class never, since
world began, gave up any of its pri-
vileges except by csmpulsion, and
never lost an opportunity of endea-
voringto regain them after they were
oncelost.


There We're only three things
which could influence the South to
give up any of it's privileges, except
by compulsion, and these were en-
actly what the charactea of the
Southern people was most deficient
in. The first was a proper apprc-
citation of the spirit Of our country;
and the third, common sense gener-
ally. Laughter and some applause


The lecturer concluded by saying
that there were only two things by
which the freedom of the freedman
can be sustained. The first was a
perpetual and direct interference
on the part of The Government
with the home concerns of the peo-
pie of the South, and the second
the placing of the freedmen in po-
sltlon to protect themselves. [Ap-
plause.