smithclay/nortonstories huggingface dataset:
Year: 1874

At a late meeting of the British asso-
citation, Mr.. William Firth gave sketch
of the progress made in England in the
matter of coal-cutting machinery. The
first attempt in this line of which we
have eny record was a coal-cutting ma
chine patented in 1761 by Michael Men
zies, of Newcastle. Menzies proposed
to give motion to a heavy iron pick,
made to reciprocate by means of spars
and chains, carried down the pit and
with wheels aud horizontal spars on
rollers extended to the working place,
and there to "shear the coal exactly as
now. In the same patent Menzies inclu
ded "saw" to cut the coal and though
nothing came of his labors, he deserved
success by the mechanical knowledge he
displayed. During the hundred years
that followed, over hundred other
coal-cutting machines were patented,
but none of them came nearer tosuccess
than that of Menzies.


In compressed air, however, in so far
as the moving power was concerned, ev-
cry requirement was found, and certain
experiments made with this agent at
West Ardsley in 1862 undoubtedly set
tied the question. The elastic property
of air under compression had long been
known, but until these experiments had
been completed, its value was but i'm
perfectly understood. The engine for
compressing the air was generally placed
on the surface near the top of the shaft,
areceiver being fixed in close proximity
to it, and the air was taken from the
compressor to the receiver, thirty feet
in length and four feet in diameter. The
density was generally of about three at
mospheres. Iron pipes then conveyed
the compressed air in every needed di-
rection through the roads and passages
of the mine. An india rubber hose con-
nected the cutting machines with the air
pipes.


With we'll constructed machinery,
forty. five to fifty per cent. OF the steam
power exerted would be available in the
shape of condensed air at a density of
three atmospheres. The cost of work
ing is stated to be as follows: Taking
a forty-horse power to consume ten
pounds of coal per hour per horse pow
er, the cost would be sixteen shillings
per day. That boiler would drive an
engine of sufficient power to drive four
coaI. cutting machines and each machine
would cut more coal in a given time in
an ordinarysseam than twelve men. In
cidentally the use of compressed air
tends to reduce the temperature of the
mine, and the air-pipes can readily be
turned into water-pipes, for the purpose
of flooding the mine in case Of fire.


Compressed air is also coming ex-
tensively to use for hauling purposes.
Small engines could be set mp wherever
convenience or necessity might require
they are portable and removable at a
trifing expense, and available where no
other mechanical power. for fractional
purposes could be obtained. It is also
valuable for pumping water and drilling
the holes where the coal has to be
blasted or broken down by tn hydraulic
press. March GALAXY.
Year: 1874

The spinning of glass threads is thus
described by visitor to the Vienna ex,
hibition: ga small boy turned the
wheel, which had a broad rim of non,


while girl sat with few small glass
rods before a jet of intense flame.
Taking up one of the rods by one end,
and melting the other in the flame,


with the other hand she thrust a point
into it, and threw a thread of glass
over the wheel, much as the thread OF
a cocoon is started upon reel. This
was not always accomplished al the
first trial, but when once started, the
thread would spin off infinitely, as
long as the glass rod was held in the
fame. The silk upon the iron reel had
the same appearance as that Of CO.
coon, though it was not so strong. The
process after this to cloth weaving is
simple enough, and with proper ma
chinery it may be made in any quanti-
ty. In the hall for glass manufactures
was exhibited a case filed with silky
looking articles, such as feathers, cuffs,
collars, etc, all made of this glass silk. u
Year: 1874

One of the young ladies at a watch
factory, it is said, is at work upon a
patent watch which will have hands so
made and adjusted as to seize the wear
er by the coat collar every evening
about ten o'clock and walk him off
home. Ten gross have been ordered
for use in Peoria, and ten gross of long
waiting wives and maidens, whose
"beauty sleep" is too often postponed
until the witching hour, are praying for
their coming.
Year: 1874

even asserted that he has recently. been
seen in New York city.


The rewards for the killing of Steve
Lowery amount in all TO Sc, 200, and
this amount will be paid over to the
three young men who killed him. The
dead outlaw is said to have been recently
but the ghost of his former self. He
was formerly stout and robust, but had
become pale and thin of late. Since
the killing of Tom Lowery he has kept
pretty close to the swamps; but the
music of tobacco and whisky caravan
sary was more than he could resist. To
his love of the ardent may be directly
traced his death. He was older than
Henry Berry Lowewy, who was, in fact,
the youngest of the brothers in the
OaDU
Year: 1874

It was eight o'clock on the following
morning, and DR.. Reed sat alone in his
office. A thoughtful look was on his
face, as, leaning forward on the table, he
ran his fingers through his brown, curl
ipg hair, making it fall in heavy mass
on the broad, white brow.


"I have it at last just the thing
There will be some fun in it, too"


Taking his hat, he started for the door
at rate that brought him with force
against person just entering.


4" Hello, Ned just the man want to
see-had started out to find YOU"


"And you found me, as this knot on
my forehead will testify to for a week. "
And Ned Bowers rubbed his head dole
Year: 1874

It is generally supposed that the hu-
man frame cannot endure much heat,
and if exposed to it viii soon sink in
exhaustion. This is true in hot climates,
to which people have been accustomed.
But in this case the effect may be due
to influences from vegetation, or to some
disturbance of nature.


It is certain that artificial heat, far
greater than the heat OF the sun of the
tOrrid zone, may BE born without
special suffering or harm. The British
Journal of Science says that men IN
iron establishments work without IN
convenience with the thermometer con-
stantly at 100 degrees, and in pits for
making the Bessemer steel at 40 de-
grees. In Turkish baths the sham
pooners are often busily engaged for
four or FIVE hours IN succession, with
the temperature at 10 degrees. In the
Red sea steamers the stoke hole marks
l45 degrees; and IN ensmel works the
operators are compelled daily TO endure
a heat of 200 degrees. The elastic DOW
er OF the human body in accommodating
itself to extremes is wonderful.
Year: 1874

Last year a correspondent of Notes
and Queries, considering that the then
recent passing of a bill whereby future
elections to the house of commons must
take place by vote by ballot, drew up a
synopsis of the composition of that
house when the ballot was thus en-
grated, after many failures, during the
last half century. His enumeration
may be properly placed side by side
with a second synopsis which he pub
Iished in the Notes and Queries III the
month of June. The first column shows
the house of commons as 1t stood in
April, 1873, before the ballot came into
operation the second shows what was
the result under the ballot of the gen.
Year: 1874

kindly removed his bonnet to show his
face. FelIowcraft hurt himself not a
whit in the race he came in-those
present at the finish told me-perfectly
fresh, and looking as if he could run
another four miles. He ate a good
square meal, full rations, as soon as it
was offered him after the race, and no
better sign of health can horse evince.
Saratoga Letter.
Year: 1874

The twenty-second grand sacr ed concert at the
Bowery last night attracted ~ big q crowd OF
devotees as the theatre could well con tain and 1t
is but to add that. despite the throng and the
eagerness mani ested TO enjoy the tempting bill Of
fare, good order and decorum prevailed.
Year: 1874

MULTITUDINOUs are the ways on record
for detecting thief, but there is one
species of sinner that often defies detec-
tion. A light finger may belcrippled, but
a light tongue is hard to stop. The blush
of conscious guilt does not always follow
a fib, and of all selfpossessed men the
professional prevaricator is the calmest.
The tact of successful concealment is
often characteristic of the youngest
falsifier, and his precocious depravity is
often blank stud u to the keenest moralist
or pbysiOgnomist. 1t has been left to the
genius of the physician to discover sure
way of detecting at least a Juvenile pre-
varicator The discoverer of this boy is
a member of the medical profession in
Greene, Chenango County, and his name
is DR.. Williams.


The other evening several mischievous
boys broke into the schoOl-house in that
place, built fire in the same, and were
preparing for hilarious time when they
discovered that the Board of Education
we're after them. Although the school
house was surrounded before they got
wind of the danger, they managed to slip
out of the building unobserved. Some OF
them had been recognized in the build
ing, however, and were brought up before
the physician mentioned for examination.
The first boy put upon the stand "knew
nothing about the affair."" and asserted
his innocence with all the manifestations
of veracity in his countenance. The
doctor was not satisfied He took hold
of the boys wrist and felt his pulse. The
pulsations were unnaturally fast Look.
ing into the boys unwavering eye and
imperturbable face, he said: Young
man, you are lying! You have not
uttered one word of truth about this
matter! Your pulse is now running as
high as 140, and no person enjoying good
health, and telling the truth, would have
as rapid pulsations as that!' The problem
of centuries was solved the boy acknowl-
edged that he had broken into the school
house. Although the heart sent no tell
tale blood to the face, it throbbed its con-
fession in the tiny pulse; and science had
again triumphed where human ingenuity
had been at fault-UtacG (N, ~ Herald.
Year: 1874

AT special meeting of the Butter and
Cheese Exchange, yesterday, the sub-com-
mittee appointed to investigate the manu-
facture of artificial butter and the adul-
teration presented a report in which the
results of their examination are fully
stated. These are embodied in the fol-
lowing preamble and resolutions, which
were adopted


WHEREAS, The attention of the merchants OF
the Butter and Cheese Exchange of New York has
been urgently called to the manufacture OF ana
the traffic in artificial butter, and upon lnvesuga-
ton by a committee appointed by the Exchange
for that purpose it appears that during the past
year there has been manufactured and SOLD 10
considerable extent an article called " Oleomarga-
rine, made from suet tallow, and sold as SUD
stitute; and


WHEREAS, While the manufacture and sale of
this commodity a substitute for butter Is mat
ter not within the province OF this Exchange, SO
long as il is sold under its proper name, yet IN
view Of the great danger to the trade of any sue
eessful attempt to force this or any similar COM
pound, or any other substance foreign to butter,
upon consumers by admixture with the pure artl-
cle it is of the first Importance that every effort
be made by the trade individually and as BODY
the new crop, upon the purity of which depends
the future of American butter as article of ex-
port and, indeed, the supremacy of the dairy in
our agriculture; be it, therefore,,


ResOtUed, That the Butter and Cheese Exchange
of New York, while it would encourage all ex-
periments, inventions or applications OF science
or of skill for the production of pure article OF
this important staple of commerce, hereby EN-
phaticaiy condemns any process of adulteration
or mixture, and the fraudulent attempt to sell
such product for pure butter.


ReSOIUed, That the dairymen and merchants and
all others interested in this trade throughout the
United States and Canada be and are hereby re-
quested to report to the Secretary of the Butter
and Cheese Exchange of New York all instances
of this practice that may within their knowl-
edge, for exposure through the authority of this
Exchange.


ResolSed, That these proceedings be published
In the official circular of the Exchange, and also
be furnished to the press for publication.


This report of the subcommittee was
unanimously adopted.-N. Y. Tribune,
Aa1rlz %
Year: 1874

fore, excited no comment until it was


observed that no smoke issued from her


chimney and there were no signs of life
about the house The authorities were
notified, and on going into the house
found the woman stretched on mattress
on the floor. She had apparently been
dead week or ten days. Not morscl
of food of any kind nor particle of wood


was found in the house. 1t is supposed


she was taken too i'll to go out and pur-
chase food, and actually starved to death.
Year: 1874

ENGLAND AND PoPE.-Since the time of
Queen Elizabeth England has had no regular
minister at the Papal Court, although for
many years previous to the Pope's fall in 1870
there had been in Rome representative of the
British Government who, for the convenience
OF English visitors, acted as minister. 1t has
recently transpired that even since 1870 quasi
diplomatic intercourse has been kept up with
the Pope. The reason for this is not apparent
and there will probably be call made by the
Protestant leaders to have stop put to it OH
the ground that the Pope. who is merely q
priest in the eye of the Englis sh law, and a
foreign one at that, can have no more interest
for the Government than any other foreign
ecclesiastic. There is an expressed opinion
that the recall of the British agent at Rome
would give general satisfaction at home, and
would also be particularly pleasing to Bis
marck. The latter consideration will doubt
less have due weight with the advisers of the
crown. France, Austria and Spain also have
such relation with the Pope, but as they are
Roman Catholic countries the case is dfferen
with them.
Year: 1874

A dangerously attractive young lady was
noticed on Asylum street yesterday. The
masculine heart took courage when the title
of the paper-covered novel which she bore
met the eye-'sno intentions" was the reas-
suring motto in conspicuous type.-Hartord
Courant.
Year: 1874

u.s. The tide ofimmigration is steadily set
ting in, and the first thing eastern people do
is to throw away their New York Hats and buy
q new one of DESMOND. They say the e l. no
comparison between the two. ~,
Year: 1874

Yes, sir, know lots of men who will
start up in bed and shiver and shake, and
curse and swear if q tom-cat, prowling
along the garden fence, but opens his jaw
and utters one single yell. On the contrary,
the midnight cat never disturbs me. In
fact, like to lay and listen to the music Of
dozen cats holding mass convention on the
garden fence.


AS the first breaks out heave sigh and
wonder if the world wouldn't be as well off
without the cats, but 1 don't get mad. Some
men tear around and declare that thay'u
never sleep again until they kill every cat
within circle of four hundred and fifty
miles; and nothing will soothe them.


After the third yell wonder If it would
not be just as we'll if some bad boy should
buy an ounce of arsenic, pound of meat
and distribute the two around in back yards,
but don't 20 further. Some men jump
out of bed and YELL "Where in thunder is
that boot jack-where' club ?" And
they rush to the door and sling clubs and
holler "s'cat!' and wake everybody on the
block.


After the fifth yell, wonder if I hadn't
better raise the window and ask the cats to
adjourn around the block, on account Of my
wife's nervousness, but don't get mad.
Some men allow their hair to come right up,
fall over chairs, stub their toes against the
stove, and exclaim: "Helen Blazes, but
,cont sicken those felines"


BY and by the cats cease bowling, and
my eye-lids begin to ache. l am rapidly
losing consciousness when the old Maltese
rises to question Of order, and the oppos-
ton commences to yell him down. lie
yells back, and ! get up to see what time it
is, and then wonder if it wouldn't be as well
for me to go out there and explain matters,
and entreat the convention to 90 down the
fence to the grape arbor. Mind, don't
run around after the shotgun, and wake up
my wife and ask her for powder and old
nails and broken glass, and bark my shin
on the stove hearth and call out: "lll kill a
million cats to pay for this!'


Maltese yields the floor, and the conven-
tion goes ahead in an orderly manner.
imagine that the business which called the
crowd together has been disposed of and
creep back into bed. My wife wakes up
and wants to know what got up for, and ]
tell her that was after the peppermint for
my neuralgia. Some men would lay and
jaw and fu.ne for an hour and finally get up
fight with their loving partner.


! just close my eyes to sleep when old
Maltese offers an amendment to some mo-
ton, and the opposition go for him again:
He yells back, spits at them in scorn, and
they fall upon him. He backs under my
window and stands at bay. creep out Of
bed and seize club, but drop it again as |
remember that am not mad. 1t would +,
perhaps, be we'll to step to the door, and
throw the boiler, and the woodbox, and the
cupboard, and the ak, and TIE woodpile,
and the whole summer kitchen, at the cats,
bat refrain, and merely tap on the window
and urge old Maltese to cover himself with
glory. Some men would grab up the table
or sofa, or the first thing handy and ejacu-
late: "I'm sinner if don't murder some
body Or something!'


Years of observation have convinced me
that the general antipathy to cats is entirely
,,nfoundad III Oy01
Year: 1874

FISH WITH STALE BREAD.-Dip fiat dish
in hot water to prevent cracking; smear it
with butter, and sprinkle pepper in it, then
a layer of salt fish picked from the bones
and divided into small pieces, the fish should
be soaked little to take the salt out; then
another layer Of bread. and little melted
butter without milk poured over it. Repeat
as often as needed for the quantity Of fish.
Smooth the surface with a spoon, and sprip-
kle lightly with fine bread mixed with pep
per. Place in an oven for twenty or thirty
minutes. 1t is nice dish for any meal.


Civilty costs nothing aud buys every
thing.
Year: 1874

A PRACTICAL JOKE THAT COsr A LIFE.-
AnsOn Thompson, Of Port Henry, recently was
lying asleep on the side OF an old boat used a. a
doorstep. This boat side was made OF three
inch plank. A glycerine cartridge had been
placed under THE step, and exploded directly
under where Thompson was lying, tearing a
hole through the plank or Old boat sixteen
inches long and about ten inches width, dread
fully mangling his side. lie expired soon after.
The family and Others in the house rushed out
Immediately, when Thompson exclaimed that
some one had shot him snd had run around the
corner OF the house. AbOnt the same time
parties heard some one running rapidly past
Immediately after the explosion. There ane
only two theories about this matter; one or
more persons intended TO kill him, or had
taken this course to frighten him, not know
ing the danger in using the csrtridge.-Trov
Tiules.
Year: 1874

THE woRKIsG MEN of PhiladeIphia and Cam
den seem TO have been aroused and a mas. meet
ing was held Saturday, and resolutions were
adopted referring TO the dignity Of labor, adyo-
caung strongly the eight hour movement
tavoring the use OF greenbacks to q limited ex-
tent only and denouncing all parties engaged in
the construction OF the centennial building for
their treatment of mechanics
Year: 1874

THE ''paEoxysmal" editor of the Louisville
Co''Tier-JoErI1dI has go far recovered his equa-
nimity as to be able to say that


The movement Of Governor Penn was a
revolution; and IL has been suppressed accord
Ing TO the Constitution OF the United StAtss by
The PROCLAMATION of the President as a reyolu-
Ton. reel as we may, we cannot 90 either be-
hind or around the facts by which we must reg
Glate our opinions and govern our condu
The action OF the Federal government was in
eyltable. Those who expected tn at it would be
otherWise were ht to lead nobody. II they nave
led the people OF Louisiana into error. thew
have committed q grievous fault, for which
they alone are responsible. We await further
Developments. Sympathizlng entirely with
our neighbOrs and fellOv-citizens OF New Or
leans, earnestly wishing to encourage them
with the most stfectiOnate good will, aud hold
ing ourselves ready to support them with some
tllns more substantial than good will, we have
10 regret that they made 50 senseIes. ana 30
reckless a movement, and that having made il
they have backed down from it. Desperation
Is always to be respected. We do not quarrel
with them that they were desperate; but we
nave right to complain that having thrown
themselves forward they have fallen back on
the hTst appearance of an authority which they
should have considered beforehand and that i1
a manner most Ignominious and absurd.
Year: 1874

Ou-PMNTs.-llr. J. .\rgal. mining ell
ginccr, Of Addcrbury, proposes to give body
and opacity to paint by using as basis the
natural mineral carbonate of baryta and
zine, or native zinc ore, to which carbonate
Of baryta is aitcrward added The zinc ore
or the baryta and zine mineral is subjected
to IL roasting process, The required color
or shade of color is given to the paint by
the addition OF calcincd ore Of lead tin, zine.
copper, iron, or manganese, to the compound
or mixture. BY the use Of baryta pcculia,
glossy surface is given to the paint, and the
baryta also effects such rapid drying of the
paint that the Use Of ordinary dryers is rem
dcrcd unnecessary.
Year: 1874

Is the bad Lands Of Colorado over
seventy new species of fossils have been dis
covered. They range in size from mole to
nearly that of an elephant. One of the
largest species had huge horn over each
eye, while another had one on each side of
the nose, and more than foot in length
resembling those on the back part Of the
head of an OK. \ third one, Of larger size
than the last, had rudimcntal horns ON the
nose. Still another was about aS large as
an elephant. Its cheek-bone5 were enor-
mously expanded, and its horns were fiat.
A fifth species had triangular horns, turned
outward.
Year: 1874

end of civil and religious liberty will


come.


1t is only repeating what has been
SO often said and as frequently demon
strated to be true, that the overthrow


OF the dram shop will dry up the foun-


tain from which the lawlessness has
its principal support.


The whisky party have no political
principles and care for no other inter
est, but will cast their votes and influ-


ence with any party that will tolerate


the prosecution of their inhuman


work.


Let the good men be as earnest and
independent for the support of the
right in the exercise of the right of
! suffrage, as the whisky men are in the


support of the wrong.
Let candidates for office who resort
| to whisky to obtain votes-who go
| agout the country corrupting the
I young men by the free use of intoxi-
| eating drink, be overwhelmed by such


majorities against them as will teach
politicians not to renew the expert


ment of asking the votes Of good citi-
zens for such men for any position.
We must have the official influence of
| the country on the side of progress
and reform.


The officers of the law must be in
| full accord with the spirit Of the times.
Now too often they are led or driven
| to yield an unwilling and hesitating
support to great reforms when they


should ever be gallant leaders in all
the grand movements to better the
condition of men.


To secure such official influence the


ballot is the only and certain remedy.
This grand agitation and this eleva-
ton of the temperance sentiment of
the country will be of no lasting bene-
+. fit if this point be not gained.