smithclay/nortonstories huggingface dataset:
Year: 1877

HIOEOUS PAUPERISM IN ENGL md.


Cardinal Manning in a recent SER
mon referred to English pauperism in
the following pointed language -
England, the richest of ell countries,
has upon it a stain and shame not to
be found in countries which English
men assume to despise ; he meant pau
perism. an intense, demoralized state
of poverty. Poverty in itself is an
honorable state, but panpcrism was
something altogether distinct from
poverty. Pauperism was that wrecked
condition of men of families out Of
which there was no rising by any ef-
fort of their own. And what did it
come from? 1t would take too long
to endeavOr to say. One reason he
would state; the overwhelming pros
perity of the rich, the closeness of the
hands and hearts and the ignorance
in which the rich lived and died of the
state of the poor who lived and died
round about their dwellings,. The
possession of wealth and prosperity
generated selfishness and an uncon-
sciousness of the sufissings of others,
so that men were wrapped up III their
own daily indulgence, and were for
getiul of those who are in want"
Year: 1877

TO the Editor Of the WLig:


Having seen several articles in
your valuable paper with reference
to rates charged on freight on the
Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio road f,
[ have been tempted to look beck to
see what has been the experience of
shippers from this section. The re-
suits of that research are simply as
toaishing even to those of us who
have been the benefciaries of the
wise policy which marked Gen, Ma
homes administration of the cid
Southside division of the Atlantic,
Mississippi aud Ohio road.


lie took charge of that road in
1866. Its physical condition was
simply frightful, and travel over it,
even at the slowest rate of speed, was
absolutely dangerous, The journey
across that rickety old structure call
ed the High bridge in that day was
so pcrilous that he who venturcd up
on it literally took his life in his
hand. Now, what a change is seen.
The Southside division is not sur
passed by any road in Virginia ; there
is not a wooden structure on its road
bed. it's track has been Tidcucd ,
thoroughly ballasted aud rciald with
new iron aud steel rails; the Apps
mattox river below Farmvlllo is
crossed by as magnificent An iron
structure as can be found anywhere
and the High bridge, no longer a
terror TO the timid traveller, is as
solid as the track with which it con-
meets at either end. For this we
have to be grateful to the energy and
skill OF William Malone.


But what else do we owe him
Compare the tariffs before and dur
ing his administration and see whai
reductions haze been made per 100
pounds between Prospect aud Peters.
burg
Year: 1877

A comparison of the figures above
given will show what the rates in
1865 were, before Gen. Malone took
charge of the road, what they were
made in 1866 when he took charge
and what they we're when he was
forced from the management OF the
road by the unjust and arbitrary or
der Of the notorious Judge Bond.


Ii will be seen that Gen. Malone
Year: 1877

There is no doubt that in many parts of
the country The "hll" or "stool" plan is
failure because of hard winters. Fruit is
much larger aud fuer grown by the stool
system THAT is, keeping all runners clipped
off, and the reasons for this is, that the
ground gets bet sr cultivated, and the plants
being worked upon all sides, make luxu.
RANT growth, and bear in proportion. Now,
if we can adopt some plan by which the soil
can be kept better stirred oil around the
plants, we know fine fruit will be attained.
Therefore, we propose what we will style the
"matted hill system" which is as follows:


Prepare the ground well, mark it or 81
feet each way, as for corn, and at each
crossing Of marker set strawberry plant
Tor, if you have plenty of them, two in each
place will be safer and better). Keep the
cultivator running both ways, and quite often
as plants commence to run freely, and by do
ing this, and when cleaning the hills by
hand drawing stray plants aud covering with
earth, matted hill will soon be formed II
to 2 feet across. We have not iced that
where there are vacancies in matted rows,
and clumps Of plants here aud there, that
the fruit was much finer than where the
matted rows Of plants was continuous.


Roots of strawberry plant run much far
ther than what one would suppose, and
where the ground is filled with them, the
finest is not so foe as when they can have
more room. We advise the trying Of this
plan by those who have plenty of land and
horse help, aud but little hand help. After
they are through bearing, small plow, with
sharp knife or wheel, can be run through
both ways, and hills plowei down closely,
ground levelled off, and cultivator and hoe
run through as beiOre.-F-lsi Recorder.
Year: 1877

A great many poultry gro wers, and | sus-
pect some who have no practical knowledge
of the matter, strongly advocate raising only
early chickens. Now it is desirable to have
all Of them hatched early in tho season.
Like extreems in everything else extremes
in the poultry business will be found disad-
vantageous. l should as soon think of hav.
ing all of my vegetables early, and all my
flowers blossom before summer was hardly
begun, as Of having all my chickens hatched
very carly in the season. No farmer would
think of having his COWS or his sheep all the
same age. He would very much prefer to
have them of different ages SO as to have
some young stock to take the place OF those
which have grown old. Why should not the
same rule apply to hens2 As they arc COM
parativcly short lived animals, and as breed.
ers seem to be agreed that it is not profta-
bic to keep them more than year or two it
follows that those who fall in with the pre-.
vailing fashion will, of necessity, havo all
the hens just on an age or at most will have
only two sets Of hens and all in each set of
the same age. Now l very much prefer to
have some early chickens and some late ones,
and do not care if have a few betreen
the ages Of these. Then | am much surer
OF having constant succession of eggs than


| could be if | raised only early chickens.
The early ones as matter Of course, begin to
lay first. When they have stopped for a
breathing spell some of the later ones take
up the work, and they are at length succeed
ed by those which were hatched last of all.
| consider this common sense way of get
ting eggs week after week and month after
mouth. If the hens are all of the same age,
or If they are all of different years growth
but still were ali hatchod at Just about the
same time of year, they will be very likely
to all lay at once and then all stop to rest at
the same time. Under this system the own.
or will have eggs in abundance when he has
any and then will be obliged to 20 a long
time without. This does not seem to mo to
be either pleasant or profitable Consequent
lY do not believe in the exclusive growing
Of early chickens.-COr. ". +. Homestead
Year: 1877

The following from the pen of a cores
pondent Of the Ohio Farmer, certainly has
the merit OF originality, aud certainly no one
will accuse its author Of plagiarism docs
the dairyman ever suspect that some cows
are dreadful loafers Where there is a
pond Of water to stand in, if flies happen to
be particularly bad, some COWS will spend
most of their time standing in the water,
when they should be moving the lawn.
Some dairymon think the act of standing in
iu water absorbs the milk from COWS. They
little suspect il is simply the effect of loaf
ing away her time. Shade trees area pro-
life source of laziness in cows. Many hours
are passed in .luxuriant laziness, enjoying
the cool shade when the COW could be much
more pro6tably employed eating grass for her
masters sake. To be sure cows suffer from
heat just as do horses, oxen, sheep, pigs aud
all other animals, but after observing to how
much greater exteRt idle men suffer with
heat more than men who hard at work, am
satisfied that the COW that is busy minds the
heat less than the one that is idly endavor-
ing to keep cool. once knew dairyman
to build lane through his apple orchard to
prevent his cows from loafng under the
trees, he stating he had no objection to their
getting the fallen apples-he preferred they
should, but he said that nothing but starva-
tion would prevail upon them to leave tho
inviting shade He asserted that his COWS
had increased large percentage in their
milk since they were compelled to 60 to
work like any other beast. Aud pray why
should not she too earn her fodder by the
sweat Of nose 2"


If the writer had, like the COW when she
stands in the shade, occupied limited por.
ton Of his time in working his material over
again he would not have advanced such
peculiar theory; the time required by a COW
in gathering her food in good pasture is
much less than that required for the purpose
of second masticatlon. The fact that she is
not at work filling her stomach from the field
is no proof that she is "loafng" If fthe pas
ture is what it should be tho cows can in
few hours, morning and evening, store up in the
first stomach enough material for double that
time spent in mastication which can be per.
formed as well 10 the shade as anywhere
else.-Phiadelphia Times.
Year: 1877

1t is very evident that raising and feeding
animals for meat must receive more atten-
ton than has hitherto been given to this
branch Of farming The speculation in pure
bred live stock, if it has been an evil at all,
or has been carried to an excess, as many
persons have believed, has not been an un.
mixed evil by any means. As we have
thought, aud have frequently said, the spec
ulative furore excited public interest, and
the undoubted merits of the animals them
selves, have fastened attention upon them,
and by their means vast Improvement has
been effected in our herds and focks. If
some people have gone in too heavily, and
have sunk money out Of present sight, they
have at least gained wisdom, and by and by
the Increase Of their stock will bring ends to
meet again. The vast increase Of wealth
contributed to the agricultural interest by
these improved animals, is now being mani
Tested. As good stock is coming forward
from the prairies and plains of Kansas and
Colorado, as have hitherto come from Illi-
nois and Kentucky pastures. The value OF
the product IS thus doubled. This is but
the beginning of the shower, which must by
aud by become a torrent. A channel seems
to have been opened for the increased sup
ply Of largely improved beef. mutton and
pork, now being produced, which promises
to be highly profitable. Thus the long hoped
for opportunity Of changing our system of
farming, has probably arrived, or is very
near. While we wait and hope, events shape
themselves by force of circumstances which
we cannot control, and which seem to be
mere accidents. Thus tho experimental
shipment OF a few oarcasses of beef to Eng
land, year ago, seems to have opened
way for us to change our exhaustive system
Of farming. Let us avail ourselves of the
opportunity; feed as many animals as we
can, and raise root and fodder crops for this
purpose. At first we must use artificial fer
tiizers freely, aud afterwards as may be
needed, to keep crops up to the highest limit.
"High farming" must now bo the rule if we
are to make money. We must get rid Of
our scrubs of cows that neither give milk
nor yield butter Of sheep that neither af-
ford wool nor mutton of pigs that make no
pork or lard, and Of poultry that lay no
eggs, We must keep only the best, that is,
grades from pure bred males 1--WE must feed
high and mature quickly, make rich manure
grow heavy crops, cultivate thoroughly, turn
off from one acre as much as we have done
heretofore from two, three or four, aud then
American agriculture, which is the froest in.
dustry in the world, will be the most prof
itable.-Ame1 iean AgriculturiSt.
Year: 1877

Everybody who has visited Woods Hole
at Falmouth, the place Of departure by
steamers for Nantucket and Martha's Vine-
yard, is struck by the luxuriant patches Of
forest in unexpected places on coast gener.
ally devoid Of trees. When of hot sum.
mer day the glare and glitter is oppressive,
the air Of Woods Hole is breezy aud the
whole scene rofreshingy shady aud deli
cious to the eye Mr. Joseph s. Fay brought
all this to pass by clothing barren headlauds
with forest verdure, aud it has not taken
either great many years to do it. In the fol.


lowing extracts from letter he tells how he
did it, together with the uses and general
economy of tree planting


"When | was quite young became inter-
ested in planting trees in my fathers garden
and now there are growing there along its
margins large elms and horse chestnut trees,
which | put there from the seed. Where
ever have lived have left trees that |
have planted as my landmarks, which am
always glad to see again. Although now
well along in life l shall plant trees, for they
are never ungrateful, never disrespectful or
irreverent, but always manifest Gods good
ness in their regular growth and verdant
beauty in summer, and by their picturesque
forms and sturdy strength, when, stripped of
foliage, they battle with the winters winds.


Now what would like to call attention
TO is this, that any little boy or girl, whose
parents have land, whether large or small
tract, should ask the privilege to plant a
few seeds, whether of pine or Of oak, or Of
hickory, or of chestnut, indeed, Of almost
any tree, and watch their growth and pro.
tect them. How many little corners there
are, which are left to weeds and briers and
bushes, where few trees might be started
to grow up and give shade and beauty to
the now bare and sandy country roads. 1t
is very simple thing, and would yield a
vast amount Of satisfaction. As a general
thing, seeds are best gathered and best
planted in the fall, but if children will hunt
about under oak and hickory or walnut trees
IN the spring, they will find acorns or nuts in
the holes covered by leaves, which are all
sprouted and beginning to grow. Then there
are many trees which throw up suckers,
which can be dug up and planted out by
themselves aud none of these afford better
result than the yellow locust. 1t is native
tree aud grows very rapidly. The foliage
is of very pretty color Qight grecn), and
graceful, and the wood is as valuable to the
farmer as any other, while for boat or ship
timber it is unsurpassed. A hundred Of
these any boy or girl could plant out in the
course of holiday and make a quarter Of
an acre Of land, now perhaps idle, become
very valuable. And then it is said to i'm
prove the soil where it grows, which in it.
self is an advantage The willow will grow
from slip or cutting, and the kinds of
these are valuable and handsome. A stick
cut about two feet long and set in the ground
about eighteen inches and the earth pressed
tightly around it will be quite sure to grow"
Year: 1877

will be made where the boat now lies near
Fletcher, after which the feet will proceed 10
New Orleans. The mishap caused no other dam
age to the boat than the loss of the wooden por-
ton OF her wheel, and the coal feet ia entirely
unhurt.
Year: 1877

Turn whithersOeyer you will on the
face of the earth, and you will find OBJ
livion painted On every page of natures
great volume.


The unnumbered ages and generations
of men that have lived, died, and been
forgotten, the oceans that have passed
away. and the mountains that have risen
from their beds, remind us that nature is
continually reproducing herself in some
new and varied form.


That which is prominent to day may a
century hence have passed away. The
rose that unfolds its petals, and burdens
the air with its fragrance, will droop,
die and return to dust, to be reproduced,
perhaps, III the lilly and the rose.


Man, too, must 90 down and return to
dust and although he may do that
which will for ages embalm his name,
vet that is all which remains to US.


In world where the tenure Of life is
so uncertain, in the face ofa fixed law OF
our being, whose provisions are never
violated, is it not strange that we can
enjoy this uncertainty.


Yet we de enjoy it. Although we
daily walk within the shadow of the
tomb, we are merry, we are joyous, Civ
ing little heed for the morrow.


1t is right that this should be the case;
for what dreary, desolate world this
would be, were every human bewailing a
fate that is Notwithstanding because
he must 20 back from whence he came


In youth we view death as through a
glass; it seems so far in the distance in
old age we hail it as a storm-tossed mar
insr sighs for haven of rest.


death has a terror for those who know


,he evils it may possess in its hidden


teries. The Christian looks forward
q aeath with ardent joy, his pious life
having disa-med the grim monster of it'
most dreadful sting. Instead of count
ing the few years that his name will sur
vive, be peersinto future now illuminec
by the brightest rays of hope.
Year: 1877

timidly denied her fierce accusation that
he was a pickpocket. OF course the
incident created immense excitement in
the car, and the young lady's tears were
accepted by everybody as conclusive
evidence of the truth of her charge.
One old gentleman, who had been unable
TO read his newspaper in consequence OF
the prolonged tee-heeing" already
mentioned, remarked that a m&n who
would force himself upon an innocent
girl, as the undergraduate had done
would unquestionably pick pockets or
perpetratA any other detestabe crime.
1t was the unanimous opiEsOn OF the
passengers that he should DE made to
disgorge, and should then be either
thrown from the train while in motion,
or should be tied hand aud foot in the
baggage car and delivered to the police
at the next stopping place. One large
man, with short hair and q partially
1eveled nose, took the ground that wsyI
Z. the fellsw really wanted Was.
stance, charge of head, and thatW5a
felt it his duty to provide him with
new head without the least delay.
Meanwhile the young man begged for
mercy, and implored the young lady te
look in her pocket and see if she could
not find the missing watch. The con-
ductor, who was married man, and
knew that the female pocket il never
used for watch-carrying purposes, was so
indignant at what he called the 3" cheek"
of this suggestion that he called a brake
man to hold the miserable young man.
80 that he could go through him." rs
he metaphorically expressed it. The
young man was accordingly searched
with great thoroughness, but with no
notable result save the discovery Of
small comb, which he proVidently carried
in bis pocket IN order TO be prepared in
Gaze Of a sudden and profuse growth OF
mustache. When it became evident
that the watch was not concealed upon
his person, it was decided that he had
either swallowed it or secretly dropped it



partly in order to prevent the edusion Of
blood on the velvet cushions of the car,
stopped the train and deposited the
young man in nice swampy spot.
Precisely fifteen minutes aiterwsrd Miss
Sarah Jane gave joyful shrek and ex,
tricated the watch from some mysterious
locality Immediately behind the front OF
her dress, in which it had accidentally
slipped Thus was the innocence Of the
undergraduate established, and be there
upon sank in public estimation from a
skillful pickpocket to the more degrad-
ing position Of an unlimited idiot.


That particular Young man has had a
lesson which will probably keep him from
nomadic Irritation for some time to come.
Let us hope that the rest of his kind
will Also heed the warning conveyed by
his experience, and that young ladies
viii shun the conversation and peanuts
OF strangers, lest they should find them
selves entertaining pickpockets Unaware=.
Year: 1877

In the east Of this city there lives
a very ancient darkey, whose idea ef
utility spurns nothing as being too mean
to use, and whose constitutional gen
eroaity is quickened Jy ne b u religious
predictions that form leading feature
in his character. This old man while
vending his way homevarl one evening
last week saw piece Of meat lying near
the sidewalk, which his kind heart sug-
gested had been dropped there by an all
wise Provider !et the benefit of MS faith
full cur, which answered to the name of
"Bulger." The meat was picked up and
placed very carefully in the old mans
bag, and as he walked on he thought over
and over again Of the JOY Bulger would
experience in dGvouring the feast he
had found for HIM. When he had
reached his home ne seated himself on
his steps and whistled for Bulger, who
came wagging his tail and manifesting
other symptoms OF pleasure at seeing his
ancient friend. Taking the meat from
the bag, the old man said: ODE ole man
fotch yer bone, yer nasty, lazy thing,
and here it is-rale good meat; take it
and recollect dat your master fotch it
for yer" The meat was thrown to
Bulger, who went for it voraciously,
and IS he lay down and took his supper
between his paws the old man chuckled
with the pleasant idea that the dog was
not only satisfied, but grateful for the
small favor conferred Having finished
his meal, Bulger got up and went back
to his cosy bed under the house; but it
was not long before he came 5ut again.
He whined and looked as pale as he
could, and the old man told him that
the meat was all gone but it did not
seem TO satisfy him. He soon began to
show signs OF unhappiness, and in about
FIVE minutes was bowling and jumping
with the worst kind of collie. His ago
MES were brief, aud in short timet
Bulger fell, rolled up his eyes and
bresthed his last The old man looked
upon his Iifeiess form, and said: =, Dat
was policemau's meat, shore yer born;
and just TO think, dat l was about to
cheat da, dog out of it, aud have it
cooked for my supper. Well, de Lord am
still on the side OBJ righteous ess; an it's
better dat it's Bulger dan me" Taking
last look at his dog, the old man said,
in solemn tone; 8" If dar had been any
coons on dis island. would hate to glib
yer up old fellow; but, being as there
are no coons, good bye. He wiped a
tear-drop from his eye and went into the
house Gdireston NeUs.
Year: 1877

The special despatch forwarded by the
HERALD correspondent accompanying the
Sitting Bull Commission, printed IN our
news columns to-day, announces that
the Commission have failed to bring
the Sioux chieftain to terms OF peace
and amity with the United States gov
ernment In the terse language OF our
correspondent, the Commission have met
Sitting Bull and the old chief has dismissed
it abruptly and disdainfully 50 the expe-
dition has accomplished nothing, and must
return as it went. This unsatisfactory
result was to be expected, when we
consider the obstinate character OF
the hostile chief, rs displayed by him
during his campaigns. The fact that
he was well treated on Canadian soil
seems to have hardened the Indians heart
instead Of softening it, and he refuses TO
listen to the words of the messengers sent
by the President, the White Father. With
characteristic gallantry, the old chief pre-
ters to remain for the present in the coun-
ry Of Queen Victoria, the White Mother,
and if it was certain that the willy old chief
would remain there we could find no OBJ
lection.


The failure of General Terry and his fell
low Commissioners to successfully treat
with Sitting Bull is a proof that our Indian
policy needs radical change before we can
hope to hold the hostile tribes in subjection
or at peace with the white man. Dishonest
traders, who victimize the red man,
and policy that permits treaties to be
broken, naturally create distrust of the
government and its promises; hence it
comes that Sitting Bull lends only an in
different ear to the Commission and de-
clines to make any terms for his future
conduct


But General Terry fully understands the
Indian character and will scarcely give up
all hope after one conference. He will,
no doubt. bide awhile with, the Cana
dian authorities and wait further develop
ments. His offers to the Sioux will be
allowed to dwell in their minds,
and it may be that they and their
chiefs will see the wisdom Of enter
ing into a treaty of peace. The propriety
of sending the Commission was seriously
doubted from the first, and it's non-success is
to be regretted, now that the Nez Perc6s have
submitted themselves to the power and au-
thority of the government.