Year: 1878




themes of the second, are aeall in the vein
of the explanatory, deprecatory almost
solemn--after dinner delivery in which the
public are informed how the great Earl
views the latest complications of the East
ern trouble. How completely changed is
the style Of the. Premier, therefore, the
world can understand. AS the piece has
be without even an epigram. Not once
is the foot Of oratory thrown into the
air in the exuberant spirit of cancan
politics. From one end to the other
Of the speech, as reported, though there are
several sentences adroitly framed to de-
ceive, there is absolutely not one ridicu-
lous lnisconception of the relations of Eng
land to Russia and Turkey, and such
things in a speech Of this nature, from the
man who was Disraeli, become very con-
spicuous by their absence-when they are
absent. But he was, perhaps, not oracular
merely to be duh, though he was reason
ably dull. His speech is rather to be as
simulated to a royal speech, which is care
fully studied not so much with regard to
what is to be said as with regard to what
must not be said.


Apparently it did not suit the policy of
the moment that the Premier should say
great deal about the complications that are
preparing in the neighborhood Of Constan-
tinople to trouble the relations between
England and Russia, which it was supposed
had been SO magnifcently Strengthened out
vat Berlin that they could never possibly be-
come tortuous again, and so the Premier
gave the leading place in his speech to the
trouble on the Indian frontier, an order
which may safely be reversed by whoever
cares to consider as most important that
which is likely to have the most immedi-
ately notable consequences.


Earl Beaconsield sthought it quite i'm
possible for any signatory TO attempt to
withdraw from its engagements made under
the Berlin Treaty; assured his hearers that
''the determination OF Her AIajestys govern
ment is that the Treaty of Berlin shall be
carried out in spirit and to the letter" and
that the government s'would, if necessary,
appeal with confidence to the people to. sup
port them in maintaining the treaty with
all their energy and resources" It is an
nounced that this fine fancy was received
with repeated cheers, a tribute which was
given, perhaps, under the impression
that it involved warlike threat ad-
dressed to the Russians. But inasmuch
as the Czar Of Russia has just
promised, ''in explicit terms, faithful and
complete execution of the Treaty Of Ber-
lin," it would seem scarcely necessary to
threaten him prematurely with the wrath
of the London Aldermen. Why, then, this
lofty languageA Merely that it is thought
necessary to throw dust in the eyes of the
British public on the subject Of the effect
of the Berlin Treaty for the simple truth
is, as the British Ministry now discovers
to it's chagrin and dismay, that treaty may
be fulfilled to its last and littlest detail,
which Beaconsfeld declared were finally
secured when that treaty was made.


One OF the most important Of these OBJ
iects is the withdrawal OF the Russian
armies from Turkish soil. Without the vio-
lation of line of the treaty Russia may
keep her armies indefinitely at Adrianople.
England never m cant that, it is clear but
Earl Beaconsfeld and Lord Salisbury, with
a blundering incapacity for diplomacy
almost without parallel, have, by open
treaties and secret engagements, committed
her to such position, and they are simply
endeavoring to cover this fact with solemn
bravado-to hide it from the public by dis
e 60 - 49, H.
of Berlin, with the intention to declare
one of these days, if Russia keeps her
troops in Turkey next year, that she has
violated the treaty. 1t should be remem-
bered that the relations Of Russia and
England in Turkey have been re-
Gently defined by three instrumen ts--the
Treaty of San Stetano, called the prelimi-
nary articles of peace; the Anglo-Russian
agreement made by Count Schouvaloff and
Lord Salisbury, and the Treaty of Berlin
England was party to the making of two
of these; butby declarations made in one of
the two she became an asserting party to
certain provisions of the third. Englands
consent to certain parts of the San Stetano
Treaty was given in the April memorandum
in these words--"Her Majesty's govern
ment engage not to dispute the articles Of
the preliminary Treaty of San Stetano which
are not modified by the ten preceding
points, if utter the articles have been duly
discussed in Congress Russia persists in
maintaining them"


BY this, therefore, England agreed not to
dispute the arrangement Russia might
make with the Sultan in regard to war in
demnity, and not to dispute the time agreed
upon for the withdrawal of tfe Russian
more. recognized that the provisions of the
San .Stefano Treaty not repealed between
Russia and England would remain valid,