Year: 1874

preme discretion as TO the manner In which
the pledge should be fulfilled. We have long
been convinced that Mr.. Calhoun's arguments
on this point admit of no valid answer. The
proper hinge of the controversy is not, there
the existing law, but what action Congress
ought to take in view of the new complica-
tions.


We think we can successfully defend the
position taken by the HERALD when Kellogg
was suddenly ousted by the Penn movement.
Our position was that the President was
bound to support and reinstate Kellogg in
spite of the flaws in his original title. We
have seen nothing to shake our confidence in
the grounds Of that opinion. In the first
place, it is the dictate Of common sense and
common sense is the foundation of most opin-
ions which public journal is compelled to
form on the spur of a sudden occasion. But
careful investigation convinces us that
in this instance, at least, common sense
and the constitution are in perfect ac-
cord. The very purpose Of that part
OF the constitution invoked on this occasion
was to prevent changes by force and violence
in the government of State. Revolutionary
violence, such as the supporters of Penn re-
sorted to, is the precise thing against which
the constitution meant to set up barrier


On this point also we prefer to cite Mr.. Cal
houn rather than any other authority, because
of his great and deserved weight in the South
ern States. He discussed the various ques-
tons growing out of the federal guarantees to
the States with greater logical precision than
any other statesman or any jurist who ever
undertook to handle the subject. The quota
tions which we will insert from the sixth vol
ume OF his works are correct statement OF
tbe purpose of this part of the federal consti-
tuition, and they fully vindicate the position
taken by the HERALD at the time when the re-
cent Louisiana disturbance arose If there is
some repetition in the extracts it shows how
deliberate were that great statesman's
convictions on this point Speaking of
faithful enforcement of the guarantees Mr.
Calhoun sald:-'The great and leading effect
would be to put an end to all changes in the
form of government and constitution of the
States originating in force or revolution
And again:-"But very imperfect indeed,
would their task have been lett if they had not
adopted effectual means to guard all the parts
against the lawless shocks Of violence and
revolution And still again: :-"But while
the trainers of the federal constitution thus
protected the system against changes by the
rude hand of violence and revolution, they
were too experienced and wise to undertake
to close the door against all changes" We
could multiply such quotations to almost any
extent and could match them with abundant
language of the same purport from the Feder
dlst. Unless Hamilton, Madison and Calhoun
totally mlsconceived the purpose of the federal
guarantees they were intended to prevent
changes in the State governments by force.
The Penn movement in Louisiana overthrew
de tacto State government by force, and we
still believe the HERALD was right in the
prompt stand it took in favor Of peace and
order against revolutionary violence.


Labor Troubles In Pennsylvania.


The trouble between the Welsh and Irish
miners in Moosic has necessitated vigorous
action on the part of the authorities. num-
Der of men supposed to have been concerned
in stopping the work were promptly arrested
and carried off to prison by Sheriff Whitaker
and his posse. No resistance was offered to
the representatives of the law, but the feeling
against the Welshmen seems to have been
deepened by the action Of the authorities, and
some apprehension is felt lest, as soon as the
Sheritf's posse withdraws, the disturbances
will be renewed in an aggravated form. It is
to be hoped that these fears are unfounded
and that the miners will recognize the folly
Of their attempt to dictate to the COM
pany who shall be employed or dis
charged. The attempt Of men of one
nationality to exclude men Of another from
the right to labor must in the end react unfa-
vorably against those making it. In addition
to its wickedness, in the present case it is re-
lnarkably silly and without any OF the usual
justifcations of national jealouses. But
the mutual dislikes of men who have found
home in this country must be restrained
within the limits of legality, and any at
tempt to use violent measures in the settle
ment of disputes must inevitably call for
the prompt and vigorous interference of
the authorities. So far the arrangements
for preserving the peace in Moosic merit
the highest praise, and we hope TO see
such precautions adopted as will save the dis
trict from the disgrace Of mob violence. An
exhibition Of resolution on the part Of the
authorities is the best guarantee of peace and
order, as the evil-disposed will think seriously
before venturing to come into deliberate con-
fct with the law backed by adequate force.
4 - -*--'--sps.Sx r n -


Count Won Arnim's imprisonment.


A lively sensation, intensified by mystery,
has been created throughout Europe by the
Imprisonment Of Count Won Arnm on the
charge of secreting important papers of which