Year: 1878

American" New Process Milling.


The germ of the ''New Process" system
of milling in America is to be found in
the old French Momure Economique,
which is described BY Rollet as follows:
''The first time the wheat passes between
the stones, the upper milestone, which is
movable, is raised much higher than in
subsequent operations, for the reason that
1t is sought at first, by merely crushing
and rubbing the outer coating of the berry,
to sever the teguments in order that they
may be separated the better in the opera
tion of bolting. After this pounding is
accomplished, the first -four is taken out,
and the eoarsest middliags and the bran
separated. The mid3iings are then re-
ground ON the stones brought nearer to-
gether, and this grinding gives second
white flour and second middlings. These,
on being reground, likewise yield certain
quantity of white -four and some mid
dlirgs. The grinding of the fourth and
fifth middlings gives a -four which iscalled
Jise IAN inferior -four and offal called
remolitdge, which contains the hard aud
grayish parts near the coating of the bar-
ry." This method resulted in -four of a
quality greatly superior to the ordinary
system of milling practiced at the time in
France, and its basis-the gradual granu-
lation of the wheat berry by repeated
operations insteads of crushing it by one
forms that of the American "New Pro
cess milling. In this respect it is simi-
lar to the Hungarian system, of which in
deed it is confessedly modification.


The preliminary operations of cleaning
the wheat which is to be converted into
-four holds as prominent a place in the
"New Processes" as in the Hungarian sys-
TEN.


Not only is the greatest care taken to
remove all the grosser impurities that are
mixed with the grain in the process of
harvesting, and the foreign seeds which
result from the cotemporaneous growth of
weeds with the legitimate crop, the smutty
and diseased grains which exist in the
general bulk, but the berry itself is sub
jected to more or less energetic cleaning
by variety of processes for the purpose
of removing every particle of matter which
is foreign to its organism. In these pro-
cesses means and appliances are adapted,
not only to the work that has to be done,
/ but to the differences in character of the
materials to be operated upon. Not only
do wheats differentiate into hard and soft.
but the character of winter and spring
sown wheat varies, physically speaking,
and the cleaning agencies that may be best
adapted, say for hard and spring wheats,
are not necessarily equally well adapted to
soft and winter wheats. The new process
miller carefully studies their differences
and selects his wheat cleaning machinery
accordingly. In some years he fiEds that
wheat is harder and has a thicker bran
than the same variety in other seasons,
and in cleaning these different varieties he
deems it indispensable that his machine
should be adjustable, so that the securing
should be more or less energetic as may
be required. Above all he is careful not
to break the bran or fracture the kernel,
and machines which beat and whip the
wheat are not in favor with him. He
prefers the frictional action of machinery
of the securing and brushing class to those
OF the beating and whipping order, but in
practice both classes of machines are used.
The chief object is to clean the wheat
thoroughly, but, at the same time, to leave
the structure of the berry perfectly intact,
so that when it comes to be granulated by
the millstOnes the granulation may be as
uniform and perfect as possible


In the new process, as practiced in
America, heating the wheat previous to
grinding is an indispensable operation.
In his work upon the subject Mr.. Brown
/ says TASK frst-class miller which is
the best time of the year to mill wheat,
and he will invariably answer you, the
months of June and July If such be the
case (and of the fact there can be no
doubt what must be the condition of the
wheat during the remainder of the year
1t certainly cannot be in proper state to
be ground. Then what is to be done
Simply to force the conditions and prepare
the wheat for milling by artificial means"


Several modes of forcing such natural
conditions are used that recommended by
Mr.. Brown is the passing of the wheat
over coil of pipe or corrugated cylinder
in the interior of which steam is applied.
The application of the heat is recommend
ed just before the wheat enters the mill
stones, separate heater being used for
each pair of stones. The result is the
driving of the moisture contained in the
inner substance of the wheat more or less
into the bran, which is thus toughened,
while the -four is left dry, its color being
improved, and its condition is more favor
able to packing and shipping-The Miller.


AN AFFABLE MANNER-Much of the
happiness of life depends upon our out
ward demeanor. We have all experienced
the charms of gentle and courteous con-
duct; we have all been drawn irresistibly
to those who are Obliging, affable aud sym
pathetic in their demeanor, The friendly
grasp, the warm welcome, the CHEEKY tone,
the encouraging word, the respectful man
ner, bear no small share in creating the
joy of life; while the austere tone, the
/ starn rahuEa tho sharp ond ao;d ror,o-l-