smithclay/nortonstories huggingface dataset:
Year: 1874

Dairymen should always be prepared for
deficient pasturage. As the COW depends
upon full feeding for full production Of milk,
the dairyman cannot expect profitable re.
turn from his dairy without generous sup
ply of food. His loss from short pasture in
August and September is not merely the
less yield Of milk during this period, for
the best of food given afterwards will not
recover the full flow of milk. A pinch in
the diet of the COW for even q short time,
means a less production for the whole sea-
son. IL is, therefore, most suicidal TO the
pocket to let the COW depend upon getting
her own living upon deficient pasture. A
prudent dairyman makes up for any def
cheney Of pasture, oven with grain, mid
dlings, oil-meal or other purchased food,
when this is necessary but corn fodder may
be an almost uufailing source of supply,
and only few days work are required at
the proper season, to insure this full feeding
of cows during the dry time.


We are anxious that dairymen should get
in the habit of sowing crops to be fed green,
not only that they may derive an extra
profit from this attention to full feeding at
all times during the season, but that TINS
practice may show them the great economy
Of green soiing. When they have cut and
fed an acre Of corn to their COWS and see
that this acre has produced as much food as
five to ten acres Of pasture it will be the
strongest argument in favor Of gradually de-
creasing the number Of acres Of pasture and
making up the deficiency by soiling. We
do not believe the expense of keeping COWS
will always include from two to four acres
of pasture each, when oEe.half acre will
produce all the summer food COW can eat.
Dairying in the older states, cannot much
longer bo carried on, prohtably, with the
use Of so much high priced land, per COW
These seasons Of scarcity Of fodder will
soon open the eyes of dairymen to the grea
waste of pasturing tillage lands, one-hal
acre of which, in good clover will represent
three acres in pasture.-LiUe Stock Journal
Year: 1874

A Scotch correspondent of the Prairie
Farmer writes as follows


Under the heading OF "Local Sale Fairs"
appears very sensible article in your issue
of may Both, containing much good advice
to the farming community. In thinking
over this subject and reviewing in our
minds eye the difficulties tho agriculturist
meets with in this and many other ways, we
have deemed it not unadvisable to address a
few words to your readers upon tho way we
dispose of our stock and produce in the old
country. BY stock we mean cattle, horses,
sheep and hogs. Those are mainly disposed
Of in one of four ways.


list. BY selling to a dealer or other buy
er at home.


I'd. BY going to a public market and
acting for yourself,


3D.. BY employing commission agent
to sell your stock


4th. BY placing it under the hammer OF
the auctioneer.


OF all these methods, the first, where
practicable, is the most advantageous "a
both parties. Stock of any kind never
looks SO well as it does at home, upon iti
Year: 1874

A method preserving green fodder, such
as turnip-tops, or other succulent vegetables
has been in use for many years in Europe,
by which this green fodder is kept in good
condition for six or twelve months. A
trench two to four feet deep is dug in n dry
spot in the field, and the tops Of the roots,
carefully gathered when free from rain or
dew, are thrown into it, They are very
compactly pressed down, and when the pit is
filled, some straw is laid upon the fodder
and the earth is heapOd over the whole In
this manner, this product, which is general.
ly wasted in a great measure, is utilized.
On one occasion, the writer saw one Of these
pits opened in the spring which had been
filled and covered up the fall previous.
The fodder, which was leaves of sugar-beets,
was as fresh to all appearance as when
gathered, and the COWS to which it was fed
ate it with avidity. Salt is generally sprink.
led upon the fodder and aids in its preserva-
tion. IL would be worth while when our
root crops are being gathered to preserve
the tops in this way as an experiment. II
is not probable that there will be any diff
fcuty on account Of our colder climate in
thus preserving for future use very con
siderable amount Of winter fodder. The
principal requisites are to pick away the
leaves when dry, to compress them as closely
as possible, and to cover them so completely
with earth that all access Of air is prevent
ed. 1t is by the exclusion Of air that they
are kept from decay.
Year: 1874

We have often complained Of deep winter
SHOWS and impossible roads, but last winter
We congratulated ourselves on having the
only winter in twenty years when teams
could comfortably pass and at the same
time there was snow sufficient for seighing,
while in other parts Of the country they
were in deep snow or jolting on frozen
ground.


We knew that the snow was blown from
the fields and was lying upon the low flats
Of grass ground, but supposed that bare
ground in winter could be no greater calam-
ity here than in other parts of New En-
gland, but now summer has come and We
learn what our dreaded deep SHOWS have
been worth. Many whole fields Of grass
that have cut ] tons per acre will hardly
cut this year two hundred weight.


1t seems u strange phenomenon that the
hill pastures, of white clover especially, are
so barren. The white clover seems in some
measure now (the first of july to be COM
ing again, so that perhaps our bees by watt
ing will get late harvest. If we had had
dry summer as in some years, it would be
sad to contemplate the hay and pasture
famine that would have been inevitable.
do not now apprehend hay famine in this
particular region if We make the most ol
what hay and substitutes for hay we have
The straw Of the grain crop and the wild
hay in the woods will doubtless be made the
most Of


In the northern part Of the state where
there was much more bare ground in winter
it is not as bad as here. A question fol
science Does the accustomed protection
of winter SHOWS modify the hardness of the
grass plants to do without that protection ?


From present appearances our bees will
give but small increase of stocks or surplus
honey, though SO far as | can learn they ar'
in healthy condition. In PenObscot OOun
ty the bees are all in a wasting dying condi
ton from some unknown cOntagion.
M. II. KEEP.


Dalton, ArOOstoOk Co., Ne.
Year: 1874

Horses draw best with the double whiffle-
tree just long enough to allow them to stand
close to each other, having the single whi1le-
trees attached directly behind them and just
long enough to meet at the middle. When
the double-tree is very long, each horse
must draw more or less sidewise, If the coup
ling lines and the neck. yoke are not made
long enough to allow them to move directly
forward without having their heads toward
each other.


In order to determine the correct length
of whifiietrees, let two horses stand side by
side with their sides three inches apart then
measure from the center of one horse to the
other, on their backs. This will give the
length for the neck-yoke and the correct
length for the double whffletrees between
the joints where the single.trees are to be
attached. When neck yoke is only eigh-
teen inches long, and the doublo-tree of the
proper length, horses will be required to
move more or less sidewise. For the same
reason oxen often get into the habit Of haul
! ing sidewise, because the yoke is too short.
Neither oxen or horses can travel easily and
freely when their heads are turned toward
and their butts from, each other.


Whiffietrees fer plowing should always be
as short as they can be made, without bring
ing the traces against the legs of the team
A very long double whiiilotree tends to max,
plow take too wide furrow-sice If tn,
clevis be adjusted to take narrow furrow
sice,-when the double-trec is too long
the pillow will not run at all satisfactorily
| Tho horea in tho E,rro,u will not hn ohle =,
walk squarely in his place, because the lin
of draft is such as to keep crowdng his hinc
feet out of the furrow on the powed ground
The length of the double whifiletree an(
neck.yoke for sleigh should be Just as Ions
as the sleigh is wide, from the center Of on
| runner To the other
Year: 1874

The population of our farming towns is
centralizing and diminishing; is drawing
away from the hills to the villages, or leav'
ing the state for the more fertile fields of
the west. The old farms are being aban-
doned offered for sale at low prices, and go
begging for purchasers at that Farm
houses in comfortable repair are standing
empty the rural school districts are becom-
ing depopulated to that degree that the
school tax considering the amount and quail
ity of the schools is in many instances abso-
lutely oppressive, all showing state of
things which ought not to be.


How is this depopulating and centralizng
tendency to be checked2 How is the tide
of migration to be turned toward our state
rather than from it. How can the towns
which are essentially agricultural in their
character retain and increase the present
number Of their inhabitants. These are
vital questions which cencern every good
citizen of the state.


Many will doubtless answer, that the de-
sired change is to be brought about through
the agency Of a better system of agricul
ture thereby producing better crops But
what is the stimulating power which will in'
duce men to do this2 In farming, as in ev
cry other industrial pursuit. men work fol
the profits. Win it pay2 is the test t,
which every thing is brought. Here come
the vital question upon which the who'll
matter hinges How can farming be mad
to pay in Vermont. l answer it can b
done by creating a greater diversity of in
terests, and thereby establishing a HON
market for farm products. As long as Yer
mont remains essentially farming state an,
nothing else, SO long will her full resource
be undeyelOped and she remain stationary o
retrOgrade in industrial and political imPOr
tanoe. A state or country devoted entirel
Year: 1874

The unfortunate confusion of ideas as to
the proper nomenclature of these cattle will
probably exist for some years to come, aLd
make it necessary for this olt-repeated state
ment to be repeated hundred times. AL
derney was formerly understood as referring to
any cattle from the Alderney group of is
lands, Jersey, Guernsey, Aderney, and
Sark. AS the cattle are really distinct
breeds, and have been very strictly kept for
many years, the name Of each island is
now, and has for some years been given to
its own particular breed of cattle. Jersey
and Alderney are therefore two distinct
breeds. Tho same trouble is now laying up
in regard to Dutch and llolstein cattle,
which are Dutch only when they are large,
black and white, heavy milking cattle from
Holland, and IIolstein when they are red
brown and other coored beef cattle from
Holsten.-Er.
Year: 1874

We have referred from time TO time in
these columns to the Importance Of transport
ing dairy products during hot weather in re-


frigeratOr cars. This is especially required


when butter is to be CARRIED long distances
to market. A vast deal of butter, in good
order when it leaves the farmers cellar, ar
rives in market in wretched condition. part
ly from the careless manner of transport
ing from the farm to the nearest railroad de-
pot, being exposed to tho sun and warmed d
up, but mostly from its further exposure to
heat in tho cars during its transit to market.
When butter is packed in tubs in the ordi.
nary way, great precautions should be taken
! by farmers to have the package under cover
Year: 1874

as plant fool as uncooked flour and cooked
-four as food for man.


l never have composted unleached ashes
with muck but have seen crops Of turnips
and cabbages grown on nothing but compost
of muck and unloached ashes. l think it
was eight bushels Of uuleached ashes to
cord Of muck on my neighbor's field, and the
crops were very satisfactory. would state
in this connection that his muck was of very
good quality, being of a fine aud greasy
nature, which l think far surpasses the muck
of coarse Aaky nature. L think the for
mer in this section is made largely from hard
wood leaves and the latter from rushes.-
Cor. Massachusetts Ploughman.
Year: 1874

notice many farms of from fifty to two
hundred acres, upon which the matter Of
fences must be about as much an encum-
brance as would be heavy mortgage. In-
deed | have sometimes thought that the
removal of at least one-half the fences upon
these farms, would be one good step towards
removing the debts under which some of our
most industrious and Woodworking farmers
are laboring. Not only this, bat it would
also tighten the demand that is constantly
being made upon their time and patience to
repair fences. Dividing farm all up into
fields of from ono to five acres, seems to me
to be useless. Good line fences are general
ly a necessity. But after that fences to in-
close pas.ure-land ought to about end
the fence matter.


OF course, circumstances may require a
few extra fences, as about garden, orchard,
&c, yet | think many Of the inside fences
might be dispensed with to great advantage.
Cor. Germ. Telegraph.
Year: 1874

HoME MANUFACTURES Outside Of the
farmers immediate calling this is by far
the most important problem presented for So
luton. 1t decides whether the cultivator of
the soil, in any particular locality, shall be
prosperous or not and that too, for the very
simple reason that it rules in all that relates
to the number OF people who shall be added
from outside sources, to swell the list Of pro-
ductve consumers and aid in constituting a
home market. Turn the attention in what
ever direction one may, as long as this great
est of desiderata is absent, the agriculturst
will labor under undOubted disadvantages,
and be poor precisely in proportion to the
distance traversed by the goods before they
reach their ultimate destination.


We hear much about the beautiful farm
ing and happy homes, as well as marks OF
culture and refinement, to be found every
where in New England and We believe that
all those very desirable surroundings do ex-
ist to an unusual extent in that prosperous
section. Who deserves the credit 7 Are
the Massachusetts, farmers moro intelligent
operators than those Of other portions Of the
country? We do not believe they are and
we are disposed to regard the great manuiaG'
turing interest Of the Eastern States as the
principal source of the wealth which there
attends the efforts Of the agriculturist.-LeT
ingtOn, Ky, Home Journal.
Year: 1874

A Minnesota man has patented a
pneumatic tube for the transport of
grain. The machinery of propulsion is
fan, worked by steam, revolving in an
air.chamber which consists OF two dou-
BILE cones, put ba e to base. The axle
of the fan is hollow. A tube runs
through it, pc forated at the sides and
bottom. This tube connects the two
pipes which enter the apices of the
cones. The grain to be transported is
poured into the enirance.pipp. The
revolution of the fan sucks it into the
connecting tube, and then blows it
ahead into the main pipe. AT the same
time the fan Of the next station, twenty
miles away, begins to whirl. Thus the
grain is hurried forward by suction
ahead and compressed air behind. The
trouble with the theory seems to be
that the grain cannot readily pass under
the influence of two directly opposed
currents of air in the same tube. At
some point they must neutralize each
other. Still, as the inventor has secur-
ed a patent, it is fair to infer that his
model works satisfactorily, so that he
may have met this difficulty, He thinks
his tube can carry 5000 bushels Of
wheat 9GO miles in an hour. Mail mat
ter can make forty miles more in the
same time. The expense of construc.-
ing a tube between Chicago and New
York, with a carrying capacity Of 49,
900, 900 bushels year is put at $4,000,
OOO' A charge of twelve cents a bnshel
would pay the cost of construction in
wear an leave 100000 for operating
expenses. Among the calculations it is
said the saving to farmers, even when
the company got such remuneratiye
rates, would be great. Grain would be
transported from Minnesota to tide.
water for fifteen cents, instead of fifty.
This would save that state alone about
c10 0OO mn q wear
Year: 1874

LAST year was bad year for cham
payne. In 1878 thirty thousand dozen
less of the fashionable tipple were i'm
ported into the United States than
reached here in 1872. Now that the
crusaders have got to work it may be
that 1874 will show a still larger dimmu-
ton Of the trade.
Year: 1874

The determination evinced by Judge
Duling to restrain ruffianism and en-
force a decent respect for law and
order will be emphatically commended
by every respectable citizen in this
community. II the punishment in
Hicted upon Pate son and Steele yes
terday was not as heavy as it should
have been, the law and not
the Judge who administered it was at
fault. His action in binding the par
ties over to keep the peace was doubt.
less suggested by a stern sense of duty
IN the premises, and certainly not at
the instance Of any one connected with
the UNION AND AMERICAN.
Year: 1874




NEW YORK, July PA Boston dispatch
states that the evening after the inquest
into the murder Of the child Katie Curan
by Jesse Pomeroy, three physicians, think
ing thSre must be some cOgent reason for
his conduct, called upon his mother. who
was very frank in her answers to their
questions. She said her husband was a
butcher, and Is now lugger in the market,
and that when she was pregnant with Jcsse
she often went to the slaughter-house to
see the killing of the animals. in which she
took particular delight; and she had even
assisted her husband in his work. No
sooner had Jesse grown large enough to
have knife in his hands than he was con-
tinually using it, thrusting it into pieces of
wood, and when he was older, into pieces
Of meat. There seemed to be no doubt
that he was marked" Just as other chill
dren. though in a different way.
Year: 1874

Of every charge. This was the first inti-
nation which TiltOn had received that any
such committee was then in existence.
Furthermore, Mrs. TiltOn said she had
done this by the advice of lawyer whom
Beecher had sent to her in advance of her
appearing before the committee, the ques-
tions and answers of which were to consti-
tute her testimony in Beecher's behalf
The day after giving this untrue testi-
mOny before the committee she spent many
hours. of extreme suffering, from panss of
conscience at having testified falsely. She
expressed to her husband the hope that
God would forgive her perjury, but thai
her motive was to save Beecher and her
husband, and also to remove all Teproach
from the cause Of religion. She
also expressed similar eOntritiOn 10
one of her intimate friends.


Finally that in addition to the foregoing
facts aud evidences other cOnfrmatiOns
could be adduced if needed to prove the
following
Year: 1874

and that he would suffer pain and sonow
if his hidden secret were ever made known.
She said that her mind was often burdened
by the deceit necessary for her to practice
in OrC er to prevent discovery. and that her
conscience had many times impelled her to
throw off this burden of enforced falsehOod
by making full confession to her husband
50 that she would no longer lie living be
fore him
Year: 1874

At the last sitting of the Paris academy
of Science, an Interesting paper was read on
the operation of infusion Of blood. At the
time the operation was decided upon, the
patient (a woman) appeared to he on the
brink Of the grave; the pulse was impercep-
tiblc. her weakness such that she was unable
to move. her eyesight all but extinguiShed {;
she was unable to speak, and nothing would
stay ON her stomach. DR.. Behicr performed
the operation in the presence Ola number
orstudcnts. lie said it was highly important
the blood to be injected should be pure and
in its natural state, without being deprived
Of its iibrine or allowed to cool. Such pre-
liminaricS had been considered necessary in
order to prevent coaguatinn in the vein /;
but there was no need of them il the opera
ton was quickly effected. The blood should
not be dead, but living. One obstacle
that had hitherto caused traneiusion to be
looked upon with distavor was the difficulty
of introducing the nozzle of the syringe into
the vein The late DR.. Nclaton had pro-
posed to obyiate this by an incision OF the
skin an inch long in order to bring the vein
into view. DR.. Bchicr prefers opening the
vessel with lance. aS in blood letting; he
recommends the injection to be performed
slowly. to prevent the sudden repction Of
the right ycntriclc Of the heart, which would
cause asphyxia and death. The quantity Of
blood administered in this case WAS not more
than eight %r,mmeS. The possibility of
success is now proved beyond Il doubt after
a controversy which has lasted upward Of
ln u ~
Year: 1874

A New MErmop-Thc oxide Of alumni
ium is first prepared by a process now in use,
either from kaolin or clay. 1t is then mixed
with wood charcoal in the proportion of 40
parts charcoal to 100 of aumina, and is
heated to red heat. While still hot the
mass is placed in retorts, heated to dark
redness, and chlorine gas is passed over it
from gaseomcter. The volatile chloride is
condensed in the receiver, and altcrward
dccomposcd by the battery; the chlorine
which is set free is returned to the gaseome-
ter to be used over repeatedly.
Year: 1874

Wealth is but confused lump, till bounty
shape and put il into form but dead, use
less piece of earth, till charity animate and
quicken and by sending it abroad, make it
current and by distributing it to several
hands, give it heat and motion.
Year: 1874

When an enthusiastic editor describes n
bride as bonny, and All envious compositor
sets her up as bony, as was done at Jackson
vile the other day, hope for season bids the
world farewell, and freedom shreks as this
compositor falls at his form, Drained by the
brother Of the blooming bride.
Year: 1874

permanently lower rate OF wages and oy convincing he


nborers that ths amount Of work o be done depends
upon their activity and rood conduct. No further
trouble IN anticipated aud IL hoped that the building
trade Of NewYork has received its last serious check
for this season and that business will now experience
noteworthy revival


Lodge No. OF the Bricklayers Association met last
night, at the Germana Assembly RoOms IN Seventhaye
They have resolved to make further efforts To ndaee


those bosses who s,iIl resist into paving day Men
who work for less will be proscribed BY the society
Year: 1874

How to swallow pill is thus stated sy
a correspondent: Put the pill under the
tongue and behind the teeth, and let the
patient Immediately take large swallow
OF water and ne vii! neither feel the, pill
nor taste it, In fact, no cannot tell
where the pill has gons, and I have seen
them look about the Hoor to sec if they
had not dropped it."
Year: 1874

The OLDEST TIMBER IN THE WoRLD
Probably the oldest timber in the
world, which has been subjected to the
use of man, is that which is found in
the ancient temples of Egypt. 1t is
found in connection with stone work,
which is known to be at least 900
years old. This wood, and the only
wood used in the construction of the
temple, is in the form Of ties, holding
the end Of one stone. to another in Its
upper surface. When two blocks were
laid in place, then it appears that an
excavation about an inch deep was
made in each block, into which an
hour-glass shaped tie was driven. It
is, therefore, very difficult to force
any stone from its position. The ties
appear to have been the tamarisk or
shittim wood, of which the ark was
constructed, a sacred tree in ancient
Egypt, and now very rarely found in
the valley of the Nile. Those dove
tailed ties are just as sound now as on
the day of their insertion. Although
fuel is extremely scarce in that coun-
try, these bits of wood are not large
enough to make it an object with the
Arabs to heave off layer after layer OF
heavy stone for so small prize. Had
they been of bronze, half the old tenn
pies would have been destroyed years
ago, SO precious. would they have been
for various purposes. .-Ecchange.