Year: 1877




original or important matter is gen.
orally set loaded, other matter is for
tho most part set "solid."


When "sot up the typo is clock
cd up by being wedged together
50 as to- form a solid mass, inside on
aron frame called q a'chase," and is
ready to put on the press Before
printing, however, tho form of typos
must be "proved," that is, an i'm
preston taken from the typo before
putting in tho press, and thon care
fully road and corrected There
arc always unavoidable errors in
typo when first set, which must be
corrected by taking out tho wrong
letters, etc; and replacing by prop
per ones. There arc three general
kinds Of pross One forces the pa
per flat on the whole faco of tho
typo at onco; in another, the paper
makes one revolution on the out
side Of a cylinder, tho typo moving
back and forth on an iron 'bed"
just underneath; in tho other, tho
typo is on the cylinder itself and is
carried against a number of smaller
cylinders ranged around it, sheet
Of papor passing between the typo
cylinder and each of the small onos.
This last is tho great "cylinder"
press Oh which the largo morn
ing papors are printed; the largest
size of such a press costing about
$50,0OO


TO simply put tho type on the
press and let the paper pross on the
type will not always do good work;
machinery is not exact enough for
that. The harder the paper is
pressed upon the type, the blacker
and palmer will be the ''impression"
as is evident. But some parts Of
the typo or cut will be higher, that
is, nearer to the platcn or cylinder,
than others. aud will consequently
be pressed harder than others
against the paper, and very likely
the parts which should appear very
light will be pressed down so as to
be black, and uice rcrsa Tho PRESS
man must therefore begin by adjust
ing these differences, small as they
are. Where the impression is light
and should be dark, lie pastes slip
of paper--o often thin tissue paper
on the paper covering of the platen,
i'll just that spot which will bear on
the part Of tho typo or cut that
needs to be blackor on the other
hand, ho cuts uacay little of that
paper covering on spots that will
touch the places that need to print
lighter, and the result is that the
paper is pressed down on the form
lighter in somc places and harder in
others. Generally speaking, in the
case of "cuts" he takes first an elm
preston Of tho cut, then cuts out
the dark part and pastea thin bits
of paper on the light parts then
he takes the piece of paper thus
treated, and pastes it on the platen
in such II position, that it will como
exactly against tho cut itself, part
for part. Hc knows where to put
it by first getting an .'timprcssion"
OF tho form on the paper
which covers tho platen then by
passing the piece Of paper, pre-
pared rs above described, on the
platen, jus on top Of the 'impres.
sion" made, ho 10 satisfied every i'm
prcssion will strike the form in pre-
cisely tho same place. This particu-
lar process is called 'overlaying,"
and is part Of the work of making
ready which must be done before
the printing is commenced, on all
fine work. For ordinary job work
and small forms, very little making
feady" is required, often none at all.
Thus it will be seen that the whole
art of printing, from the cutting Of
the punch with which to make the
matrix fer casting the type, on to
the actual making Of the impression
On. the paper, requires the most deli
cate work and the closest attention.
And it is only by the strictest at
tention to all the details that Il hand
some typographical appearance can
be impaired to the work. '''' -


A SUMMER DEJNK ..~-Ialzc the best