Year: 1879

tcctlon Whcn traps are on a horizontal pipe
distance from the vertical soil pipe.
Rain water leaders should not be used as
soil pipes, and when connected with house
drains they should be made of Gust iron III
preference to galvanized sheet iron or tin,
there being less liability of corrosion.
Joints should be gas and water tight, to
preclude possibility of drain air entering
open windows.


No safe waste should connect with any
drain, but it should be carried down indc
pendcntly to point where it's discharge
would Indicate the existence Of a leak or
any overflow above.


No waste from refrigerator should be
connected with drain.


Unless the water supply is ample, so that
II VIII rise to every part of Il building, cn-
suring ut all times the proper flushing of
1lNturcs and traps, a cistern should be pro-
Vlded into which the water will rise at
night, or into which it may be pumped.
Said cistcrn should be large enough to hold
an ample daily supply, be kept clean, cov-
crcd, and properly ventilated. The over
How pipe from it should ncUcr be run into
any drain Waacr a'1y circumstances The
supply for drinklng-watcr should not be.
drawn from it, but from direct supply, i.
G., direct from the street main.


Water closets should not be supplied di
rcctly from street pressure, or by a pipe
from which branches arc taken for drinking
water. Where the valve closets are pre-
terrcd to those that are supplied from a
small cistcrn Immediately over them, then
The supply should be taken to storage
tank, from which it can be conveyed to the
valves on the closets, thereby ensuring an
cquaDle pressure, and securing more reia-
bility in their working


All drain pipes within a house should be
OIL mctat i'll preference to stoncwarc, owing
to the liability of the latter to crack and
the difficulty of keeping the joints tight.
IL Is best to run them along the cellar wall
or ceiling with good incline. They should
meyer DC hidden underground, as then leaks
VIII hot DC perceptiblc. In some places it
Is common to paint pipes white so that any
leakage will show itself to the most careless
observer.


All drains should be kept at all times
free from deposit; and if this cannot be
effected without flushing, special flushing
arrangements should be provided so as to
etfcctually remove all foul matter from the
house drains to the public sewers.


All drains should be laid in straight
line, with proper falls and should be care
fully jointcd and made water tight. No
rlght-anglcd junction should be allowed,
except in the case of drain discharging
into vertical Shaft.


No drain should be so constructed as to
pass under dwelling house, except where
absolutely necessary and then it should be
constructed of cast-iron pipes, with lead
caultcd joints laid so as to be readily &C
cessiblc for inspection, and ventilated at
each end.


Whenever dampncss of site exists it
should be remedied by laying subsoil
drains, which should pass not directly to
tho sewer, but should have a suitable break
or disconncction.


Water supply and drain pipes should be
concentrated as much as possible, and not
scattered about building. Horizontal
pipes arc Objectionable.


Plumbing fixtures should not be hidden
behind walls and partitions, where their
condition is never apparent. They ought
properly to be open to view and SO situated
that any leak would be readily detected.
1t is also well to have plan of the plumb
ing of each house for the tenants or owners
convenience and guidance in any emcr-
gcncy.


In planning house drains they should be
got outside the walls of tie house as quick
~ as possible, SO that there may be few
joints Of pipe, and the smallest chance of
leakage from defects Or accidents, taking
proper precautions in locating to guard
against freezing.