Year: 1878

THE NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. January.


The first article in this number, by Senator
George +. Edmunds, presents lucid anC dspassonae
review of The Fishery Award" showing familiar ac-
auantance with the subject OF controversy and singu


lar imparialty and judicial in prOnonncng the
merits Of the question and the claims OF the respective
parties. In the conclusion Of the paper Senator Ed
munds gives q brief summary OF the existing sItua'
tion "1hese fishing privilege such as they are have
been paid by reciprocal grants and In cash for few
years yet TO come. The Government Of Great Britain
and the Canadians believe that they have been greatly
undervalued by the Halifax Commission. The Govern
ernment and people OF the United States equally
earnest the opinion that aside from the money paid


British have largely the best OF the bargain and


is evident from the Fortune Bay affair, and others, that
the arrangement has not improved the sentiments OF
kndness and friendship much to be desired In this
state Of things both Governments ought to be glad 20
terminate by mutual consent what remains unpeOrmed
OF the agreement Immediately" Under the title OF
''Cites as Units in Our POlity" Mr.. william r. Martin
discusses the position OF NewYok destined to become
the largest elegant city Of the continent and
on the basis suffrage. 1t work this
problem for good for evil, and II successful,
will present "a germ OF political life to the
honor OF the whole country. Among the physical
advantages Of New-YOrk Mr. Martin enumerates
the finest climate, a central position a north and
south line of coast the best harbOr for shipping Of the
Eastern world the best 10 the West and
terminus Of every railroad in the country It's envrOns
are beautiful than those of any city IN Chrsten-
DOM and until within the last ten years, when began
10 be loaded down with municipal burdens, II had
reer Of uniform prosperity But the legislation OF the
country has greatly reduced It's share Of for
eigu commerce the debt 1t bears for stolen money
rests each piece Of real estate with weight equal to


permanent mortgage Of twenty per cent Of lie value,
on which the owner must pay the interest and cannot
pay the principal and its unfinished public works.
planned without forethOught. have been constructed
without honesty. It's domestic economy Ia conducted
with great and needless expense Its taxation has been
heavy; It's public works and its growth have been
stopped its population has been driven away into the
neghboring towns its business is not prosperous. and
its people are not prohtaby employed The writer
recommends the present moment as opportunity
culiary favorable TO attempt at reoupera-
ton. The Of resumption is auspicious. It's
money will bo the money OF the world The
fuctuating price OF gold will no longer be factor
in every transaction. The project OF making second
standard of silver will be futile it was absurd. We
stand at the threshold of great National prosperity for
the employment of all hands in productive labor will
necessarily be followed by wealth. With regard to the
conditions OF labor, Mr.. Martin offers judicous
remarks Labor, he SAYS. is the law OF human life. II
modes; TO work enough only to gain the bread
of the day. and to work and accumulate bread.
The first labor and the second is capital To enforce
first mode by eght-hours law Is interference
wi freedom that bars labor from capital No even
made fortune by working only eight hours day. The
second mode invites labor to capital The la
borer who owns his spade, his hoe, is be-
ginning to be a capitalist. The foundation OF many


fortune In the country has been laid by saving the
first dollar. 1.-THE position which the laborers
when they make a conflict with capital shows that they
abandon their right TO freedom. The successes which
have been won by long generations of abOrers against
their political and moneyed masters the laborors Of to-
day give up aud they seek TO enter again under the
bonds their fathers on They ask everything of


Government which, they conceive It, would be the
most intolerable despotism. They want work allotted


and the regulation of wages and hours. They want
land, Government loans and false money, measures
which would reduce them to serfdom. The lesson Of


individual liberty haA been lost them. Instead Of
bursting the few bonds by which their liberty Ia re-
stricted, they ssek 70 forge the nss fTspswork Of