Year: 1866

living streams and noble forests, but formi-
dabe in its engineering difficulties, There
is certainly most striking advantages in the
location of this road, not only as respects the
trade which is to support il, but as respects
the facilities which they afford in buidingit.
1t is proposed to add others equally impor
taut by branch road from Albuaue, Que to
Quay mas.


Throughout the greatest part of its length
and consplcuously in its division it offers rich
soil and good climate, wood and water For
hundreds Of miles together the agricultural
beauty of its lands is fully equal to any in
the entire West, soil and climate together
giving broad range for cultivation from
wheat and barley, corn and cotton, to sugar
and coffee, wine and opium. Southward it
opens out into immense pastures, whers the
climate is very favorable to animal LIE, and
especially to the raising Of large tlocks of
sheep. Enterprisng men are already secur-
ing large bodies Of land for this purpose in
New Mexico and Arizona, and the transport
talon ofherds aud tlocks to the Eastern mar
ke's will be an important part in the business
of the road.


In the regions traversed by it the Summers
are temperate, long and dry, the winters are
short and mild In the Eastern division
there are no high mountains or naked plains
to disturb the equabIe and agreeable temper
ature belonging to the latitude. There are
no swamps or overAowed lands, and the CEN
sus report Of 1850 shows this region to be
one OF the most iheai,hy in the United
States.


Very many of the most useful meta Is and
minerals are found dispersed over the differ
ent sections occurring sometimes in extraor
dinary force. The masses firon and rich
lead mines are famiiarly known.


Beds of coal occur in different places;
salt in its various conditions is found in
great abundance; ores Of gold and silver.
indicating great richness, and some of which
have already given great yield, are found ia
the middle and Western sections, with black
lead and quicksilver and massive beds o!
copper, equal in richness to any known on
the continent occur directly on the line of
the road. From the neighborng mines Of
the Gla, years ago, copper was transported


in wagons to the city of Chihauhau, the gold
or silver it contained paying all the expem
ses of transportation. This undeveloped
wea tb the heallhiulness of the climate and
the great agricultural value of the lands en-
bic us consciehtiously to invite emigrants
to occupy them, and we have abundant rea-
son to believe that they will be speedily
settled and that we will pour continuous
stream Of emigration over the line. We
have most satisfactory earnest Of this in
arrival of the first instaIment Of Scandina-
Wan emigrants to the lands Of the Southwest
Pacific; which is of course only part Of the
great road. And it is well here to say that
the policy of the road will be to give all
possible protection to the EN- grants on their
arrival, to see that they are properly cared
for, that they are placed ou good lands in
good situations, and that the influence of
the road will be exered for their benefit
wherever it can aid their interests.


California to day seems to be at a pause
in its population, and consequently perhaps
in its prosperity, The great distance Of the
voyage and the time required to make it tell
nulavorably. But with the building Of this
road new impulse will be given and new
era begun. The American shore Of the Pa
cifc aud the peg ghboring shore of Mexico
would be crowded with population. The
opposite Asiaic shore is the great reservoir
of trade aud wealth which has fertilzed
and enriched wherever it Aowed. 1t is
teeming with ideas and processes in the arts
and manufactures which are in greater
part totally unknown to us. In abe enjoy
ment Of that trade, developed to the utter.
most by our enterprise and great maratime
resources in the interchange of new ideas
and in the blending together Of two civiisa
tions-the newest and the odest-we
NAV expect our Western States to reach an
unexampled degree Of prosperity.


The people Of the Asia'ic shore bad the
problem of fitting crowded population to


insufficient soil. Ours has been the reverse
In the unres rictad intercourse Of course we
shall give great advantages by applying to
our immense unused resources the finish Of
detail and the perfection Of economy which
they have been compelled to practice. In
return we shall confer great benefits on
them, and we shall undoubtedly do a grand
missionary work by carrying among them
the advanced IDEAS of our social and poiti
cal conditions.


These, gentlemen, are some Of the advan-
tages which we are able to offer to men who
are disposed to make new fortunes or es-
tablsh new homes upon our road, and these
are some of the benefits which we hope to
secure to the country, and In so doing to
justify the libarality of Congress to US.


For ourselves, we have enough to stimu
late our best exerion in the fact that we
shall be among the projectors and sharers in
this large prosperity; this creating of new
industry; this opening out of new channels
for commerce; this peoping of millions Of
acres of waste lands; this great part IN the
building up Of all the nations new one
giving its people homes under government
which secures to every individual OF them
the fruits of his industry, aud an open field
for the fullest use of his powers, limited
only by bis own capacity, under a govern
ment which is indestructibse because, found,
ed in the intelligent will Of its people; its
v;talitv is constantly renewed and can never