Year: 1875

perhaps, In the putting OF his shoes from OF him.


There some pleasure in this mode oflivng truly
for it gave one the feeling ofa


RREEDoM FROM RESTRICTION


and all the requirements Of society but the weather
extremely that it almost rendered one unfit
for any kind Of labor until the evening breeze broke
and difused its reinvgorating properties.


Leaving our fourth camp the banks OF the Rio San
juan we took southwesterly course up the Rio de
Chely keeping little to the west OF its canyon on the
mesa above Our next camp was pitched after short
march (for we were limited entirely by the watering
places, which very few along route) beside
spring OF toleraby good and COOL but alkaline water
which dug out and collected together as TO secure
sufficient for our own and the thirst Of
our mules Near this and in the canyon of
the stream large colony of ruined buildings
was found, among which some very perfect
and valuable Implements ornaments and ancient
pottery were found II noticeable that the general
character of these recsn the bed this channel from
its very mouth differed in considerable degree from
any we had yet The pottery showed an ad
vancement in the intensity, durability and variety OF
Its cooring Here found fragments of earthenware
painted in three colors-red orange and black We
also picked up some entirely to our experience
This was highly glazed yellow variety with red orna-
mentatons. At the mouth Of this river are numerous
etchings on the smooth rocks, representing
men and devils, in many fantastic attitudes
and with casped hands, but among all the rock draw
ings we have yet there one representation
Of horse, although goats appear nearly all of these
ancient inscriptions. This would to indicate that
the artists possessed goats but knew nothing fhorses
We know that the hoqus hundreds OF years ago
raised goats, and at the present day hunters report
few wild goats in some of the canyons of these
streams They supposed be the remnants of the
tfp
tinct from the Rocky Mountain goat-capra Amercanus
of Richardson. We find in all the paintings etchngs
and inscriptions of the Utes and Navaos OF the
present day. rude limitations OF horses which are more
numerous than any other particular objects, and from
this fact ii may be reasoned that those drawings
wherein goats figured and horses are wanting are
undoubtedly the productions of neither OF these tribes
but were executed by much older people. Indeed in
many places they indicate a great antiquity, as the
stone which they engraved has been worn
gradually and slowly away until of the designs are
almost entirely efaced Even where the rock over
hangs the has by the ne dust and
grains of sand blown against it by the wind At the
mouth of the Rio de Chiefly also some of the first
attempts at


PAINTING ON THE ROCKS.


One picture resembled globe painted in red and
yellow two three feet in diameter and others
unlike anything with which they might be compared.
1t would be impossible to determine to which age they
belonged, but it is very probable that they OF
Navajo workmanship. Fifteen years ago this tribe
roamed as far north Utah and Colorado and for q
while many OF them avaed themselves Of these ruins
dwellings and places of security from their enemies
as many Indian tribes, among whom were the
Utes, supposed to stand in awe Of
this whole mysterious country. To-day, however, we
distinguish between the original walls and those





piled up loosely the debris of the fallen pastered
walls We see many buildings in which portion of
the stones still cemented neatly although indi-
eating a great age, while breach entire side
perhaps is filed in with carelessly thrown together
pile of rocks. But these Indians were driven from
these srongholds during the late by the military
assisted by the Ues and since then they have confined
their operations the southern limits OF the ancient
country


Stopping in tho vicinity Of these extensive ruins in
the canyon OF the Rio de Chely only night we con-
cuded to examine them thoroughly and satisfac-
torily on return. Our next camp was made some
twenty miles beyond here, in the canyon OF the
stream near where the Bonito flows into IT. We made
a very fortunate selection for discovered shortly
after we had commenced the search for good camp
considerable quantity of water for the stock and close
by fine cool spring, which flowed from beneath
large boulder OF rock Our cargo was unloaded above
the bed of the creek a level with the broad open
valley Of the canyon. With some difficulty trail
broken down the edge Of one bank Of the vertically
cut walls of the river channel proper which descended
through the hard baked clay to depth of fifty feet
Down this path mules driven to water


THIS VALLEY WAS OASIS


in the great desert Of Arizona All through it the tall
reed-grass and other good food for the stock grew
abundantly. Water plentiful, and the only spring
in a radius OF twenty miles flowed just below Near
here in the canyon Of the Chey we found some ruins
cliff houses and several large deep natural tanks OF
water in the solid rock which sheltered by the
overhangng cliff from The thirst Of the sun. Here
quantity OF delicate heads picked up besides
much fine pottery fragments Of vessels All through
the valley where camped strewn much debris
of this ware and scattered rocks and stone implements
lay around in places showing where had been old
towers.


In getting to this place came across the noted
Arizona diamond ruby fields which occupy section
Of country several miles square 1t may be remem-
bered that there was considerable excitement about
these fields time in the year 1872 and
many fortune seekers immgrated to this locality. We
found nothing but some large coored garnets,
locally called "rubiesp and some small dodecahedral
crystals OF white quartz which had probably been at
one time taken for diamonds besides some very
minute, transparent emerald green stones The gar
nets about the size OF large pea or buckshot,
perfectly transparent and of deep rich color and
many, containing flaws, would undoubtedly cut TO
advantage gems These we found in great numbers,
notwithstanding the whole country has been hunted
frequently the smaller stones lying ant hills
and the larger the surface Of the soil in spots
where the wash has deposited certain black volcanic
gravel These garnes undoubtedly ofvocanic ORR
gin and must have been liberated by the decomposition
of certain rock formation, but had time to in
vestigate the subject.


Our next camp the same stream dry one, af
fordlng water other than what carried with in
a two gallon keg and our canteens, a small, thnk
muddy puddle in the bed Of the stream This sunlced
for the mules and were all limited in the Of our
drinking water From here we pushed up the river
for another twenty-five miles to within sight Of the
Navajo corn fields Here found flowing water In