Year: 1860

ends being left out. Thus buried, they
will generally strik root; some particular
trees, however, with extreme difficulty.
Such must be tongued-an operation that
consists in cutting the layer half off, and
splitting it up an inch or more the cleft
to be kept open by small wedge, and
buried beneath the surface. This oper-
alton should be performed in the Spring !;
and the plant, when well rooted may be
separated in the autumn or spring follow
ing.


BY Cuttings. There are many plants
that may be raised from cuttings. For
trees, cuttings should generally be from
eight inches 10 foot in length, cut off at
the bottom, close below an eye, and
planted in humid soil, two thirds of
their length beneath the surface, and The
ground trodden hard. With some par
ticular kinds, however, it is necessary to
square the bottom of the cutting, and
press it hard down to the bottom of pot.
Other kinds must be planted in pure
sand, and protected from the sun till it is
rooted. They require artificial heat in





moderates their Transportation.


Grating consists in placing branch
or twig of one vegetable upon another,
in way to cause the branch or twig to
produce new plant, with more valuable
products. The plant grated upon is cal
led the "stock;" the plant grated, the
''scion." Grating is particularly useful
to perpetuate certain vegetables, that are
by nature endowed with peculiar proper
ties, that would be lost were the plant
continued by means of the seed.


Professor Thouin has described forty
modes of grating: we will describe but
three-cleft grating, grating by ap-
proach, and root grating.


Cleft Grafting-This mode of graft
ing is usually practised on stocks of from
one to two inches in diameter. It is
thus performed: The head of the stalk
is carefully sawed off, al part free from
knots, and the top pared smooth. With
thin knife, split downthe stock through
the center, to the depth of about two inch
es; insert wedge to keep it open for
the reception of the scion. The scion is
to be prepared in the form of wedge,
with an eye, if possible, in the upper
part of the portion thus formed Per-
feet success is the most certain when this
is the case. The scion is now carefully
inserted. so that the upper bark Of the
scion, and the inner bark of the stock,
may both exactly meet. In large stocks,
sometimes four scions are inserted. The
whole is now to be carefully covered
with the grating clay. except two or three
eyes of each scion.


Grating by Approach.-This is often
resorted to with plants that succeed with
difficulty by other modes. The limb or
Gmbs of each plant, which are to be thus
I'M tied, must be prepared with long
sloEi.Hg cut, of several inches, nearly to
the center; and the part of each, thus
prepared a re to be brought together and
ARMY secured by bandage, so that the
bark shall exGctly meet on at least one
side. thew are then covered. at the juno
tion. 5ith clay or composition. When
complete union has taken place, the trees
are separated with knife, by cutting off
the scion below the junction, aud cutting
off the stock above.


Root Grafting.-This operation IS Of
ten performed on grapevines, just below
the surface of the earth by the usual mode
of cleft-grafting. 1t is also performed on
portions Of root where suitable stocks are
scarce.