Year: 1861

"Y on cannot be too decided or too explicit
in making known 10 the French government
that there is not now, nor has there been, nor
will there be any, the least idea existing in
this government of suffering a dissolution OF
this Union to take place in any way what
ever. There will be here only one nation and
one government, and there will be the same
republic and the same constitutional Union
that have already survived a dozen national
changes and changes Of government in almost
every other country. These will stand here
after as they are now, objects of human won
der and human affection. WA. IL. SEWARD.
Tell them this Union-so Great-cannot sever,


Though it may trembe beneath the rude shock,
AS 1t hath lived, so it shall live forever


Strong as the mountain oak, firm as the rock.
Others have mllen-are falling around us,


Dynasties tremble and sink to decay;
But the great heart whose stony letters have


bound us


Never has throbbed as it's throbbing to-day.
Let them not deem in moment Of weakness,


We can surrender our brthrght aud name; =
Strike the old flag, and with patience and meek


Bear the foul blot on our hardly-earned fame.
Dumb be the tengue that wonld tell the foul story


Blighed the BRAIN could conceive it in sin
Crushed be the heart that would tarnlsh the glory


And honor, our country hath strlven to win.


V.


Ever and ever our flag shall be streaming


Adding new glories of stripes and of stars;
Tho the sword glancing and bayOnet cleaning


Tell us OF treasons, eorruptlons and wars.


vi.


Soon shall our land to its old peace returning


Spring to the duties that make nations great,
And while in every heart valor is burning


Calmly and bravely her destiny wait


Ianity Fair.


CASTING OF CANNON AT PTTsBuRGH.- During
few days stay in Pittsburgh, visited with
great interest several of the manufactures Tor
which it is so famous, and none with more
pleasure and instruction than of the iron
and steel works. At one of the foundries the
Government has large contract for cannon.
1t was at this foundry that the famous Floyd,
a fifteen inch columbiad, was cast. A mate
to it is now completing Some idea may be
had of the size, when it is known that its
gross weight, when cast, was forty tuns. But
when it had been worked down, it was re-
duced to the weight of twenty-six tuns 1t
is named The Union" The cannon of this
establishment, and, believe, all now cast for
the United States Government are cooled off
first on the inside This is effected by cast
ing the cannon with a core for the bore,
through which cold water circulates while it
is in the mould. The crystaization thus
takes place within. and the contraction must
be at the outside surface, giving the guns
much greater toaghness and resisting power.
This immense gun, the Union, is twelve inch
bore, and is supposed capable of sending a
ball seven miles But it is supposed that
four miles will be the limit af accuracy and
effectiveness.


The accuracy required in Che casting of
shot and shell may be seen in the fact that
every one of them must be tried by two
rings, through one of which they must easily
pass, and through the other they must not 90
at all, and the difference in the size of these
two rings is only tve-one-hundredth of an
inch The powder now used for cannon is
of the size of large pea but even larger is
prepared for these great guns, the kernels be-
ing of the size of a walnut. The advantages
of this size are very great; and it is under
stood that military men are convinced that
artillery powder has hitherto been too fine.
Much of each charge of fine powder is blown
out without being fired; but in a mass of
coarse powder the interstices are pierced
with the flame; and the whole mass is, in
succession exploded with accclerating force
before the ball leaves the gun.


We visited many of the great iron works
not engaged in any manufacture of arms
There are in Pittsburg sixteen iron mills,
with an average of 200 men each, whose an
nual wages are more than one and a quarter
millions of dollars. OF pig iron, there is cast
about one hundred and fifty thousand tuns of
metal every year. Ores go to the coal mines
cheaper than coal and men can be sent to the
mines AT Pittsburgh, therefore, you shall
find the copper ores of Lake Superior sent
hiiher for smelling. But, oh, the coal smoke
What shall be said of city that has come to
regard coal-smoke a luxury and a clean city
q misfortune Ill w. Bcecher