Year: 1862

indulgence, not with favor upon the spirit OF party


But IN those Of the popular character, IN Cover


purely elective, II n spirit not to be encouraged r


their natural tendency IL is certain there VIII Always


enough OF that spirit for every sautary purpose an


there being danger Of the effort ought


be- by force OF public opns 10 mitigate and assuage it
IRE not 10 be quenched II demands nl NORM Nsie
| To prevent its bursting into fame, isss' ns'eau
II is important likewise that the habits OF thinking


in free country should inspire caution IN those nirust
ed with It's administration 10 eonfne themselves wth


their respective constitutional spheres avoiding IN tins
of the powers Of department, 10 encroacf
upon another The spirit OF encroacnmeht tehas 70 eon
soldate the powers OF all the departments IN one, ane
thus create whatever the form OF government, rea
despotism just estimate Of that love OF power anc
proneness abuse which predomnaies in the human
heart sufficient satisfy OF the truth OF this position
The necessity Of reciprocal checks in the OF


tical power by dividing and distributing into differ
repositories. and constituting each the guardian OF
the public veal against nvasions by the others, has
been evinced by experiments ancient and modernsome
OF them in our own country and under our own eyes
10 preserve tnem must be ss necessary as 10 institute
them. IT. in the opinion OF the people, the distribution
particular wrong let it be corrected by amendment
in the way which the constitution designaes. But let
there be no change by usurpaton tor though this III
one instance may be the instrument Of good, II is the
customary weapon by which free governments are de-
stroyed The precedent must always greatly over.
balance, IN permanent evil, any partial or transient
benent which the use can at any time yield.


Ofa the dspositions and habits which lead polti-
cal prosperity religion and morality are Indispensable
supports. In vain would that man claim the tribute or
PATRIOTISM who should labor 10 subvert these great p


lars OF human happiness these rmest props Of the du
ties Of men and citizens. The mere politician, equally
with the pous man ought respect and cherish them
volume could not trace ali their connections with pub
lie and private felicity Let it simply be asked where
is the security for property for reputation for hfe
the OF religious obligation desert the oaths which
the instruments Of investigation in courts Of usce2
And let with caution indulge the suppostion that mo-
rality can be maintained without religion. Whatever
may be conceded TO the influence OF refined education on
minds o. peculiar structure reason and experience both
forbid TO expect that national morality prevail IN
exclusion OF religious principles.


1t is substantially true that virtue or morality is
necessary spring of popular government The rule jim
deed extends with less force species Of
free government Who that is sincere friend 10 it,
look with indifference upon attempts to shake the founda
ton OF the fabricf


stitutons for the general diffusion Of knowledge pro-
portion the structure OF government givesorce TO
public opinion It is essential that public opinion should
be enlightened.


AS very important OF strength and security,
cherish public credit One method Of preserving TO
sparingly possible; avoiding occasions Of
pense by cutivatng peace but remembering also that
timely disbursements prepare for danger frequently
prevent much greater disbursements 70 repel avoiding
likewise the accumulation OF debt not only by stunning
occasions OF expense but by exerons time OF
peace to discharge the debts which unavoidable
may have occasoned; not ungenerousy throwing upon
posterty the burden which we ourselves ought TO bear
The execution OF these maxms belongs 10 represen
atives but is necessary that public opinion should
operate To facilitate TO them the performance OF their
duty IL is essential that you should practically bear in
mind that towards the payment OF debts there be
revenue that there must taxes that
can be devised which not less in
convenient and unpleasant that the intrinsic embarrass
nsepaable from the selection OF the proper objects
(Which is always choice Of diculties) ought to be
decisive motive for candid construction OF the conduct
Of the government in making it and for spirit Of acqui
the for obtaining revenue which
public exgences may at any time dictate.


Observe good faith and justice towards all nations;
cultivate peace and harmony with all; religion and mo-
raty enon this conduct and it be that good policy
does equally enjon il? 1t will be worthy Of free
enlightened, and at distant period, great nation
give to mankind the magnanmous and novel exam
pie Of people always guided by an exalted justice and
benevoence Who doubt that in the OF time
and things the fruits Of such plan would richly repay
any temporary advantages which might be lost by
steady adherence it, Can be that Providence has
connected the permanent felicity of nation with its
vrtue9 The experiment, at least is recommended by
every sentiment which ennobes human nature. Alas 10
it rendered impossible by ITS vices5


In the execution of such plan nothing is
ta than that permanent nveterate antipathies against
particular nations. and passionate attachments for
others should be excluded and that in place Of them
Just amicabe feelings towards all should be cuItvat
ed. The nation which nduges toward another an ha-
bitual hatred habitual fondness is in de.
gree slave. II 10 slave TO its animosity or TO its
Affection either Of which is sufficient lead it astray
from its duty and its interest Antipathy IN one na ton
against another dsposes each readily offer
suit and injury, 20 lay hold of slight causes OF
accidental or trifng occasions Of dispute occur.
Hence frequent collisions, obstinate, envenomed aud
bloody contests The nation prompted by i'll will and





contrary the best calculations Of policy The govern
sometimes participates in the national pEppens ny
and adopts through passion what would reject
at other times il akss the anmosty Of the nation sub
ssrvent projects Of hostility instigated by pride
bton and other sinister and perncious motives. The
peace often sometimes perhaps the liberty Of nations
has been the victim.


So, likewise, q passionate attachment Of one nation
70 another produces . variety Of evils sympathy for
the favorite nation facilitating the illusion OF an i'm
agnary common interest in cases where no real com
mon interest exists, and infusing into the enm
hats eha srtp
top in the quarrss and wars of the latter, without
adequate inducement justification. 1t leads also
70 concessions favorte nation Of privileges denied
20 others, which is apt douby to njure the nation
making the CONCESSIONS by unnecessary ly parting with
what ought 70 have been retained and by exciting jea
lousy, i'll will and disposition TO re,aate in the par
ties from whom equal privileges are withheld; and i
gives ambitious corrupted or deuded citizens (who
devote themselves the favorite nation) facility
tray or sacrifice the interest O, their own country
without odum, sometimes even with 20 ularty, gliding
with the appea Of virtuous sense OF obligation
commendable Difference for public opinion laudable
zeal public good the base foolish compliances Of
ambition, corruption or iniatuation.


As avenues TO foreign influence in innumerable ways
such attachments particularly alarming TO the truly
enlightened and independent patriot How many oppor-
tunes do they afford TO tamper with domestic factions
70 practice the art Of seduction to missad public
opinion, to influence the public councils. Such
an attachment OF small or weak towards great and
powerful nation dooms the former be the satellite Of
the latter.


Against the insidous wiles Of fore ign influence con
lure you believe fellow ctizens) the jealousy Of
free people ought 10 DO constantly awake, since
history and experience prove that foreign nlu
eence is one OF the most baneful foes Of repub.
lican government. But that jealousy, 10 be useful
must be impartial; ese II becomes tie instrument
OF the very influence 70 be avoided instead OF defence
against IT, Excessive Partially for one foreign nation
and excessive dislike for another those whom they
actuate to danger only side, and veil
and even second, the arts Of influence the other
Real patriots who may resist the intrgues Of the IA.
vorite, are liable 10 become suspected and odous while


its tools dupes usurp the applause and confidence Of
the people 10 surrender their interests.


The great rule OF conduct for in regard 10 foreign
nations is in extending commercial relations, to
have with them little political connection possible
SO far have already formed engagements them
be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let stop
Europe has a set OF primary interests, which TO
have none q very remote relation Hence she must
be engaged frequent controversies the OF which
essentially foreign 70 our concerns Hence there.
fore, be In 10 implicate ourselves by
artificial ties in the ordinary vicssitudes OF her politics
the ordinary combinations and collisions OF her end
ships or enmtes.


Our detached and distant situation invites and enables
us 10 pursue different II remain one people
under efficient government the period s not far o
when may defy material injury from external annoy
ance: when we may take such attitude as will cause