smithclay/nortonstories huggingface dataset:
Year: 1861




The next process is the riaing of the bore,
for the purpose of giving circular motion
to the projectile. The gun is placed station
airy upon lathe, and knife, arranged some
what like plane iron attached to long bar,
is forced down the length Of the bo:e, cut
ting slight groove. As it goes down the
bar is slightly turned, so as to give turn to
the grooves, equal to one revolution in twen-
ty-seven feet. When the cutter has reached
the end Of the groove,-which is where the
shell is placed when loading 1T is then with
drawn, and the plane iron, so to designate it,
is forced out little further, so that it will
cut the grooves a little deeper. In this way
they are gradually cut to the proper depth
In the small guns there are three rife grooves
and in the large, FIVE. 1t occupies about two
hours to cut single groove. This rifing
process is one Of the greatest improvements
in modern enginery Of war.


PRoJEcT1LE.


Having thus hastily glanced at the manu-
facture Of the guns, We must look at tie pro-
jectiles, of which there are four kinds being
made. The ordinary cannon-ball, the bomb
shell, Reeds elongated projectile, and Par
rott's projectile. The ball and shell are cast
in sand as is the gun, new mold having to
be made for each one cast. Usually, four are
cast in one box, and are joined together by
channels, so that the iron is all poured into
one mouth. These bars, formed by the filled
channels, are broken of, and the joint cut
even, so that they shall not scrape the cannon
bore. The two projectiles much resemble
each other in form. They are curved to a
point at one end, and are about eleven inches
long by about three inches in diameter, vary.
ing, of course, according to the gun for which
they are intended. They are cast hollow, by
having an inverted cone of sand in the mold
which is scraped out of small hole in the
projectile when cold. Thus they are in fact
bomb-shells. In the Parrott projectile
around the lower end is a band of hard com
Year: 1861




is taught:


From the s. +. Citizen:


gas~Thc question is often askcd-"Why is it
that DR.. j. G. Young is so successful, while other
advertising Physicians are failing from day to
daJ?' The answer must be or should be plainly
apparent to all; it is, that he understands bis
profession, and attends to it, and as his practice
increases, his knowledge extends. So close has
been his application to his unprecedented prac-
tice that he is perfect master of his profession,
and can insure all relief from their trouble; and
while others are daily sinking into the oblivion
from which they were never fitted to be delivered
his course is onward and upward. placing him at
the head Of his arduous profession So great has
been his increase of business that he has been
obliged to associate with himself two other physi-
clans, both of extended knowledge and practice
We would advise all afflicted to call upon him in
preference to any other Physician. We are in
formed that he treats entirely on the vegetable
system, and will always warrant a perfect cure
His office is 2lO Clay street. opposite the upper
corner Of the Plaza.


From the Times and Transcript.


There are thousands in this State suffering fol-
want Of scientific medical treatment, and they
fear to apply to physician, because they have
been deceived or their friends have been, by
some OF the charlatans who infest the community
and who publish themselves as good physician
professors, etc. To all such we unhestating
rcCOmluenu Dr y. ". 1OunS, as physician IN
whom all can place confidence He is man oil
eminent and profound study, good surgeon. an
honorable man, and one who can sympathise with
persons in affliction His standing as physician
and gentleman are both guaranteed--th first by
his medical works, which are an honor to their
anthor, and the extensive and hi ghy successful
course Of practice with which lie has been honor
ed since his advent in California; and the latter
by bis numerous patrons and large circle of ac-
quaintances. We say to all afflicted, call on him.
as he will at once state the case to you, and you
may rely upon his judgment. We like his prin-
clplc-nO cure no pay.


From Professor Hitchcock.


| have watched with more than ordinary zeal
the rapid progress Of this young man in the in
tricate paths of our profession Few, with the
accumulation of years upon their heads. have
approximated to everything like the stand he
has fairly earned. Were | the father of much
more numerous family than | now boast of, |
should not hesitate for moment should the ser
vice of physician be required, to call on DR..
j. U. Young, having confidence in his capacity,
La very important adjunct to physcian] and
recommend my friends to do the same.


j. G. HITCHCoCK, M. D., L. l.. D.


From the Boston Medical Journal.


Although we are opposed to the system of ad-
vertising. for good and sufficient reasons still we
deem it but justice to say that DR.. Young is one
of the most Industrious and indefatigable votar-
les of the medical science in the United States.
Year: 1861

The following are selected from volumnou
accumulation Of testimonials Of the Press of The
United States and from eminent Professors o
our institutions where the practice Of medicine
is taught:
Year: 1861

The annual Cotton Planters Convention of the
State of Georgia will meet in Macon Tomorrow.
Business of the gravest Importance will engage the
attention of the Convention, and its progress will
be regarded with interest at home and abroad;
since any action taken will be likely to be endorsed
by the other cotton growing States
Year: 1861

The total arrivals of recruits from offices out of
town this week amount to '42, all from Boston and
Buffalo. Philadelphia and Rochester have not sent
any on since last week. The city rendezvous
are not doing much.
Year: 1861

INSANITY OF QUEEN VICToRIA.-We have letter
from n American in London whe is likely to be
well informed, from which make the following
extract


| am sorry to say that Her Majesty the Queen
is in a state of insanity, and very little hopes
entertained of her recovery. They talk of having
her to go to Germany. | hear it talked that there
will probably be a Regency.-Boston Journal.
Year: 1861

There was not much Dragging" but each
true patriot pledged himself firmly, though
quietly, TO see the matter through, and to
support the Government at all hazards.


While all looked to the future, there was
an evident disinclination among many to
speculate on Major Andersons chances. For
him and his brave garrison, starvation and
ultimate surrender seemed their fate; and
oh how our hearts sunk as this great gloom
threw its shadow over them That they,
who had been so faithful to their nation, had
been left by that nation to a fate so degrad-
ing and humiliating. Were there not curses
both loud and deep upon the trescherous Adj
ministration which had deserted them in
their hour of need, and thanks to God that
the present Administration had done some-
thing for them, even though that something
should prove Intellectual


When the news came as IL did at a late
hour, that the feet were inside the bar our
hopes revived-psrticularly when military
men said that, once inside the bar, there was
nothing TO prevent the vessels, or some of
them, in the darkness Of the night guided by
skillful pilots, from approaching the fort and
landing men and provisions. Then we
prayed God it might be so, and that this
mornings sun should find tour flag still
there" and the brave men who have main
tanned its honor re-enforced with other brave
men, and so supplied that they can continue
to maintain its honor till Secession becomes
a thing of the past, and the country is again
united, and presents an invincible front to
foes abroad and traitors at home.


R0DERICK RANDOM.
Year: 1861

A NorE ON SUDDEN DEATHs.-The sudden death
of Lord Campbell, which shocked the nation, and
brought grief to a wide circle, suggests piece of
counsel, which it may be profitable to lay a
little stress. The fatal incident which closed the
career OF this noble lawyer, like those in the cases
of the late Duke of Bedford and the Duke of Wei


ngton, indicates the advisibility Of never permit
ting any aged or feeble person to sleep in a room
alone, and without immediate and constant person
al attendance. 1t is in the act of rising from bed,
or suddenly assuming the position or perhaps
during some slight bodily exertion that the unex-
pected moment OF fsiptness of collapse of seizure
or of sudden physical distress, occurs The dead
body is found stretched upon the floor, sometimes
hours after life has been extinct. guess il made
as to what may have happened, and how long life
has fed. The relatives are commonly comforted bv
the assurance that this is the inevitable stroke -
But to keener and more judicial minds the question
will arise whether this is absolutely true-whether
immediate and instant help might not have been
not have re-animsted the impetus or the vicious
effectual relief to the overweighted brain, the limbs
warmed, and perhaps the life strengthened. These
speculations carried to the furthest point might bt
painful In individual cases, and in them not at all


profitable. But the manner of death of m any nota
BILE persons shows that the watchful and continuous
atteL dance of the aged during the night season i,
too often ignored. This is commonly due to falst
pride of strength, and wilfu blindness to the sud
relatives to overpower these feelings, and to SCI
aside these scrupes, in the presence Of the lesson
which experience has tsught-Lanees.
Year: 1861

PENETRATING Power OF A BALI.-The power OF
penetration which ball possesses is proportional
to the square of its velocity; hence when the object
of firing is merely to penetrate the greatest velo'
city should always be given.
Year: 1861

the present school law Of Iowa, the Office
Of sub-director is In most respects the
chief. He is the direct guardian Of his
sub-distric, and ought TO know and pro-
vide for every want. II becomes his duty
10 see that the house is IN suitable eOndi-
tiOn for the opening of a school, and that
every thing is provided at the proper
time.


This duty he should by no means neg
lect. To put qualified teacher into a
rickety, filly school house is an open in
suit. Il could hardly be expected that in
such place habits of good order, neat
ness, or correct taste could be cultivated +;
yet in very many Of our public schools
we find this important duty entirely neg
lected. There are noble exceptions but
in most cases the teacher is expected to
put his own house in order, and some
times, cut his own wood.


Employing Teachers.-This is one of
the most important steps in the prepara-
ticn for opening school. In counties
VIE no institltes have been held and
where the County Superintendent has no
other means than an oral examination TO
know the qualifications of teachers, il be-
comes a question not easily determined,
who is best qualified to teach and who has
his work nearest his affections.


But after this question, come others Of
no less moment. Has the candidate any
professional knowledge or has he ever
taught? If so, with what success? Does
he take and read any school journal p
Has he read any approved work on teach
ing. These are all questions that the in
telligent sub-director will not fail to ask
a stranger who may apply to him for a
situation as teacher.


The director should also put certain
questions to himself. Is the school house
in good repair and thoroughly cleaned 2
Is there a sufficient amount of good dry
fuel ready for use? Do all in the dis
trict understand the day school is to begin?
Are the out-houses in proper condition,
one for each sexl If not they should be
provided at once. It is time ne had plain
talk on this subject. The total lack of at
tention to this important provision calls
loudly for reform. 1t is disgrace 10 the
districts that neglect 1t. Even II we pay
no regard to the physical evils and suffer
ings occasioned by it, the disregard of
decency and delicacy on the part Of chill
dren which must result from this neglect,
is an evil which can but bring terrible
blight on the character of the young
In the name, then of our common hu-
mainly, and in behalf of the moralex-
cellence of virtue in the young, l appeal
to directors TO regard this important pre-
paration.


Then, see that every pupil is regular
in attendance at school. Encourage pa
irons to carry out this regulation, and you
will have better schools, and of course
more satisfactory, because better results.


The school ought also to be visited once
or twice each week by some of the pa
irons, and teacher thus encouraged in the
great work in which he IS engaged. Let
all labor in the common work Of educa-
ting and the intellectual harvest will be
| great.
Year: 1861

IF every beet, carrot, melon vine, and
other plant in the garden were of strong
growth, the yield would be often nearly
doubled. Owing to defective seeds, i'm
proper. planting, injury from Insects and
other hinderauces, from one-fourth 10 one
third or more of the plants in the gar
den often fall below the normal standard
This can be partially remedied while you
are thinning the plants. First always
be careful to leave the plants Of the most
vigorous growth, even though they stand
a little outside of the prescribed distance
apart. Then remove spindling speci-
mems, select the best from those thai are
to be removed, and transplant them so
carefully, that they may go on growing
without check. This will often prove
profitable, especially with melons and
other vines, where a large produce is
yielded from a single seed. 10 some ca
ses it would pay to make over a whole
bed, and plant new seeds to take the
place.of the slunted plants which had been
started too early. Where the first roots
of a plant have been developed under un-
favorable circumstances, as coldness or
wetness Of the soil, ETC., they are weak,
and poorly lifted to nourish the plant,
which will, in consequence, remain dwarf
ed for considerable time. For this rea-
son late planted vegetables often yield
better than those sown at the opening Of
Spring.-.Americrn agriculiurid
Year: 1861

The wild buffalo frequents the salt
Iicks of Northwestern America; the wild
animals in the central parts of South
America are a sure prey 10 the hunter
who conceals himself behind a salt spring;
and our domestic cattle run peacefully to
the hand that offers them a taste Of this
delicious luxury. From time immemo-
rial it has been known that without salt
man would miserably perish and among
horrible punishment5, entaIling cerloin
death, that Of feeding culprits on salt
less food is said to have prevailed 10 bar
barous times. Maggots and corruption
are spoken Of by ancient writer's as the
distressing symptoms which saliless food
engenders; bat no ancient or unchemical
modern could explain how such suffering
arose. Now we know why the animal
Graves salt-why it suffers discomfort.
and why 1t ultimately falls into disease If
salt is for time withheld. Upward Of
half the saline matter Of the blood con-
sists Of conmon salt, and as this is par
tally discharged every day through the
skin and kidneys, the necessity Of cOniin-
ued supplies of it TO the healthy body be-
comes sufficiently obvious. The bile, al
so, cOntai rs soda as a special indispen-
sable constituent, and so do all the car
rlages Of the body. Stint the supply Of
salt. therefore, and neither will the bile
be able properly to assist the digestion,
nor allow the carriages to be built up
again as fast as they naturally waste.
Year: 1861

AS clover forms such an important ele-
ment IN farm economy, both as fodder
and a green manure, j: is important that
our cultivators should more generally
raise their own seed. What need of any
one paying from FIVE TO eight dollars a
bushel to others, when he can raise an
abundance At only trialng outlay! a
farmer might as well buy his seed corn,
wheat, oats. etc, Our climate and soil
are favorable for the growth of the seed.


All that is need, is 10 lay off a certain
portion of the field where the yield is
clean and good and, having cut the first
crop of fodder and cured it, allow the
second, which is most productive, to grow
aud ripen its seed. The yield will range
from four to eight bushels Of seed to the
acre, according 10 the strength of the
land. The first crop of fodder should be
harvested Cor it may be eaten off by
sheep or cattle, by the middle Of May
or the first Of June, so as to give the
second crop a sufficient time to mature
It's seed for if not ripe before hard
frosts come, it will be injured. OF course,
if the land is poor, il should be well man
ured in the Spring or Fall previous.


OF the several machines now in use
for gathering and cleaning the seed, we
need no express any decided preference.
Wagener's is an excellent harvester, and
Crawford's is a good huller, and there
may be others equally good in market.


Farmers who have only little seed to
hull, can get along by using the ordinary
,hreshing machine, modifying the run
Of il a ht;le for the purpose; the work,
however5 has 10 be gone over with seve-
raj times in order TO get the seed per-
fectly clean. But if the farmer wishes
only 10 save enough for his own use, he
need not be careful to clean it nicely; It
Will vegetate very will if sown in the
chaf. Still again, for small farmers who
wish to raise a little seed, but DOT take
the trouble 10 clean it, homemade ma
chine can be got up at liitle cost. A
Kentucky farmer with a Yankee genius,
/ thus describes one In the Louisville Jour-
nal ''Moke a box, say three feet wide,
four feet long, and one foot deep. with the
forward end left out This should be
placed on runners about nine inches wide,
/ forming a kind Of sled teeth made Of
hard wood, about fifteen inches long, one
/ inch thick, and one inch wide al the top,
\ and half an inch wide on the under side.
! These should be placed about a quarter Of
an inch apart, forming kind Of comb by
which the heads are gathered.
Year: 1861

For the main crop Of potatoes, the best
time for planting in this climate. is the
middle Of June. We know that the gen.
orally received opinion IS that they should
be planted early. We have planted for
many years at both seasons, and when a
crop is to be kept over winter, Ne de-
cidedly prefer 10 plant in June. The
late rains Of summer generally insure a
crop, and as they mature at a much later
period, and in cool weather, they keep
better.


The potatoes should be cut a couple Of
weeks before being planted, as a coating
Of starchy matter viii form over The
wounds and prevent the seed from Sc
suddenly decaying in case Of wet wealth
er after planting.


The seed sh0uld be dropped in the fur
row Immediately after il IS made, while
the earth is cool. The potatoes should ba
covered as speedily as possible, before
the sun burns the potatoes or dries the
moisture in the furrow. AS soon as the
potatoes begin 10 sprou,, 90 over the field
with the harrow, reversed--the upper
part Of the teeth prOtruding a couple of
inches. BY this means The weeds are de-
slroyed, ard the plants will speedily ap-
pear, and get the start Of the weeds.
Year: 1861

In Spring and early Summer, farmers
not seldom have carcasses Of dead AM
mails to dispose Of, and which are oflen
thrown away and wasted. Rightly man.
aged, they would make excellent manure.
The expediency Of the common practice
Of burying them in a crude state among
the roots Of grape-vines and other gross
feeding trees, may be questioned. Rather
let them be cut up IN small pieces, then
stacked in the corner Of some field Or
backyard, scattering or a little lime and
muck, OF charcoal If al hand, as the pile
goes up, filing all the spaces between
with some absorbant material, and cover
ing each piece before another is thrown
on. The ofal Will slowly decompose,
and the gases, instead Of passing Of into
the air, a nuisance TO all the neighbor-
hood, viii be absorbed and saved. En the
Autumn. this heap may be broken down..
shoyeled over and mixed II viii then be
very valuable veriilIzer.-.7m. .dgfl-
culiurGlist
Year: 1861

When you find a person little better
than his word, a little more liberal than
his promise. a little more than borne out
in his statement by his facts, Httle lar
ger in deed than in speech. you recog-
Mise kind Of eloquence in that persons
uterance, not laid down in Blair or in
Campbell.
Year: 1861

The RorUNDA.-Workmen are engaged in
putting up the scaifolding necessary to enable
Them to finish the space between the cornice
from which the old dome Of the rotunda of the
Capitol sprang, and the series of columns be-
longing to the new structure. This space is
intended for sculpture, forming continuous
friese, nine feet in height and three hundred
feet in length, Of figures in alto relieve.
Year: 1861

will feel that he is part Of substantially the
same organic and harmonious body. We say
thus much on the supposition that recon
struction Of the Union will not soon occur, an
event which we believe to be as certain as the
regular return Of the seasons year BY year.
But whether that event happen or not
the secession of the Gulf States cannot re-
tard the inevitable developments Of the New
World. The grand characteristic Of the
American mind is embodyed in the phrase Of
David Crockett, Go ahead it can die, but
not surrender that moral vigor which is the
secret Of it's strength and progress, and which
was never surpassed by the energy Of Rome
under the Scipios, Of France under Louis
XIV, or of Spain under Isabella. A land
in which everything moves, in which the
rivers change their beds, the climate becomes
more temperate, the means Of subsistence
multiply and the population doubles every
twenty years, cannot soon be expected to
come to stand still At the end Of this
century the eighteen millions Of the North
will be seventy millions, as large population
as that of Russia and the twelve millions Of
the South will be forty millions, larger pop
ulation than that of France OF England, the
whole, whether united or divided, possessing
the same free institutions to which the Able
Lacordaire has paid his glowing tribute, and
over whose downfall the organs Of absolutism
and aristocracy are indulging in premature
exultation
Year: 1861

A storm is gathering 0 er our land;


The gloom grows deep before u.s.
But we have faith in God right hand


And this free banner 0 er us.
This banner which our fathers bore


Through strife, o er land and ocean,
Shall stand. though loud waves lash the shore,


Through all this wild commotion
Yes though the land be rent with war,


And States from States dissever,
With every stripe, and every star,


This. flag shall wave forever!
This flag our patriot fathers gave


To the free winds Of heaven;
We cannot lay it in the grave


Ofguilt and be forgiven.
We viH not, though orr graves maybe


The hearth stones which we cherish;
Our dying eyes will smile to see


The flag for which we perish.
And like the widely beaming flame


From far beacon height,
1T shall the StOrm-Sel snOfe reclaim,


And clothe the land in light.
Bound in glorious UNION BAND,


The States shall smile before US;
And Love and Truth shall rule the land


And this free banner Ger Us
Purinton. Va Feb. %. 1861.
[The writer of the preceding patriotic YER
ses, is only thirteen years OF age /; and has
during the past two years given some
to poetry, He brcathes the proper
sentiment sentiment Of a lover Of his
May the Flag Of Liberty ever
be his shield -EDIToRs.