smithclay/nortonstories huggingface dataset:
Year: 1861

We the people of the Confederate States each State
acting in its sovereign and independent character,
order form permanent federal government, estab
lish Justice insure domestic tranquility, and
the blessings OF liberty ourselves and posteri
ty-invoking the faver and guidance of Almighty God
do ordain and establish this Constitution for the
Confederate States of America.
Year: 1861

l. Treason against the Confederate States shall
consist Ouly IN leNying against them OF in ad-
herring to their enemies, giving them aid and COM
Tort No person shall be convicted treason miles,
ON the testimony Of witnesses 10 the same overt
act, or ON confession in open court.


z The Congress shall have power to declare the
punishment OF treason, but attainder of treason
shall work corruption OF blood, forfeiture eAcept
during the life of the person attainted.
Year: 1861

WASHINGTON, July 26-


The almost universal feeling in Congress and
in the Northern States, so far as we can learn,
is now in favor of crushing out the rebellion, as
it is called, by an overwhelming force. Congress
will do all they can by legislation and by declara-
tory resolutions towards the object. Snbiugation
is now more decidedly called for than hereto fore;
and the general voice Of the North demands the
destruction of slavery the chief source of all
our domestic troubles


This war must be viewed now in a very differ
ent light from what it was in its origin. 1t was
war. as supposed and declared at one time TO pro-
tect or or hold public places and property
now il is Il to reduce the South to submission,
and to abolish their peculiar institution rs one
that has always rendered them arrogant and hos
tile. We have every evidence around Us of the
fact that they gre about to plunge into the abyss
of tremendous war, that will be protracted
through the present and perhaps the next gener.
alton. The South does not deplOre it, and the
North accepts it. The South feels perfectly Sc
cure-and, in fact how arms are TO meet it
no ore has yet distinctly shown.


The North must act with more energy than they
have done, if they would defend their commerce
from the privateers that will soon swarm the
ocean. They must prepare. too. against efforts to
break up the blockade of Norfolk and New Or
leans. They must prepare to keep the Federal
Capital which would have fallen into the h1nds





fifty thousand men and a park of artillery. They
must expel the enemy from Manassas, where, in
Il well fortified position, they threaten the capital
with force of a hundred and twenty thousand
men, which they can increase to two hundred and
twenty thousand at any time.


All that the North is ready to do. They will
furnish all the necessary means for these objects;
but who is to WELD the power that is thus conf
dinghy bestowed upon the Government! There
is the trouble. In the field we have nothing but
biunders, and in the departments of supply moth
ing but plunder. Between the bunderers and the
plunderers the public resources are consumed
without any useful result.


Gen. Mcclellan will arrive to day. and is looked
for bv the public generally the man for the
crisis He has certa My shown that he is a strate
gist of high order. His movements in the West
were directed by system which could but result as
il did.


We want him here in actual command, as a
strategist to lay the plans of a campaign, and not
as a mere tactician to execute tie field some
portion of another'S plan. But hear that he is
to have nothing to do with the general plan of
operation. So we are at sea again.
Year: 1861

An article in the New York Times discloses
secrets which have not come TO the knowledge of
the country day too soon. IL is now seen how
and by whom the war has been carried on. 1t is
seen who are directly responsible for the recent
wretched disaster. Ii is seen that the veteran
Lieutenant General-in whom the country have
repOsed the most implicit confidence and who has
deserved it all-has been overridden by the mere
politicians, the malevolent Abolition zealots Of
the Cabinet, and at their demand, our brave army
pushed forward into the very jaws of death, and
the country humiliated and diSgraced in the ewes
of christendom.


These disclosures are made let il be under
staod, by Republican paper, whose authority for
the condition of things in the administration is
General Scott himself.


The country. and especially the Democracy OF
the country must demand that this course OF
Things shall cease At least two-thirds of the
common soldiers in the volunteer army-not the
otficers-are Democrats. They have become
soldiers of the Republic to save the Republic, not
10 oserve as nstrumentalites in the hands of South
hating Abolitionists 10 punish the South, nor a.
instrumentalties TO save the Republican party
from dissolution They will fight for the Repub.
lie so long as that shall be their undoubted mis-
sion, but they will throw aside their arms and
abandon the field the moment it shall appear that
they are the missives of fanatical hatred and re.
venge This is fact which the President of the
United States can not comprehend simoment too
quickly.


The conduct of the war must be handed over
to Gen Scott, and he must close his ears and turn
his back upon the Cabinet and the Congress and
the newspapers The Cabinet and the Congress
and the Republican newspapers fought the battle
of Bulls Run, and the result there will be the re
suit everywhere if they shall continue to com
mand the forces.-Chieago Times.
Year: 1861

of the State of Arkansas bordering the Mississip-
pi north of White river. rs far north as the bound
aries Of the Confederate States may extend.
That portion of the State Of Arkansas south and
west of the White river is consigned to Colonel
Hardee. now in command at Fort Morgan, near
Mobile.


General Polk will leave for his command in
very few days. His headquarters will be Mem
plris, where he will no doubt frequently be heard
Year: 1861

are stripped. Every living thing in the
house is devoured They will not touch
vegetable matter. They are, in reality very
useful las we'll as dangerous) to the negroes,
who have their huts cleaned of all the
abounding vermn, such as immense roach
es and centipedes, at least several times a
year.


When on their march the insect world
flies before them, and | have often had the
approach Of bashikouay army heraded
to me by this means. W'be ever they 90
they make clean sweep, even ascending to
the tops of the highest tfees in pursuit of
their prey. Their manner of attack is an
impetuous leap. Instantly the strong pine.
ers are fastened, and they only let 90 when
the piece gives way. At such times this Ii,
tie animal seems animated by kind of fury
which causes it to disregard entirely its own
safety, and to seek only the conquest Of its
prey. The bite is very painful The ne
were exposed in the path of the bishikouay
ants, as the most cruel manner Of putting
to death.


Two very remarkable practices of theirs
remain to be related. When on their line
of march they must cross Il stream. they
throw themselves across and form a tunnel
"a living tunneI-connecting two trees or
high bushes on opposite sides of the little
stream. This is done with grea: speed aud
is effected by great number of ants, each OF
which clings with its fore claws to its neigh.
boris body or hind claws. Thus they form
a high, salestubuIar bridge, MrougA which
4 bo ,ub0io or.hoo roo.,,l, ~
order. If disturbed, or if the arch is bro
ken by the violence of some animal they
instantly attack the offender with the great
est animosity.


The ashikouay have the sense of smell
finely developed. as indeed have all the ants
know Of and they are guided very much
by it. They are larger than any ants we
have in America, being at least half an inch
long, and are armed with very powerful fore
legs and sharp jaws, with which they bite.
They are red or dark brown in color. Their
numbers are so great that one does not like
to enter into calculations; but have seen
one continual line passing at good speed a
particular place for twelue hours. The read
er may imagine for himself how many mil.
lions on millions there may have been con.
tanned here.


There is another species Of bashikouay
which is found in the mopntaips to the south
of the equator. Iii of geeat size The body
grayish white in color; the head Of reddish
black. Its fangs are very powerful, and il
is able to make clean bite out Of a piece
of flesh. 1t is thus very formidable ami
NAL, but fortunately its motions are not so
quick as those of its fercer brother; it
does not march in such vast armies, nor does
it precipitate itself upon its prey with such
irresistible fury. In its motions it is al
most sluggish. They do not invade villages
Year: 1861

A correspondent writing to the Union
from the Nez Perces country, says that the
pay in the new mines ranges all the way
from "wases"-,hat is IS per day-to $40
and s25, and still higher. The gold is like
that found on Feather wiser in this State,
and is 807 thousantiths fine, worth about
SIG % per ounce, though some is not so
fine. The writer then adds:


One thing is certain, a man cannot pan
out anywhere without finding from the color
to good prospects. The difficulty at present
is that it is too late TO open out claims with
any probability of their being worked this
season. Hence many have returned to Or
egon and California with intent to come back
at the earliest moment practicable next sea-
son. That this is q gold region is certain;
That gold has been found within the limits
of very extensive scope of country is also
certain. The vast stretch embraced within
the bounds Of the Rocky and Wind River
chains on the east-lhe great basin on the
south drained by the Snake and its tribuar.
les, from the hoadwaters in the Rocky Noun
tains to its junction with the Columbia
the sweep Of country on the north drained
by the CIarks Fork, from its headwaters in
the Rocky Chain to its confluence with and
thenceforward the valley drained hy the
Columbia itself--together with the whole
scope watered from the Cascade Range on the
west, are found to teen more OF less with
the precious metal. Not only is this the
case, but il is, thus far found to be equally
Distributed The gold land is not so spot
ted as it is in California. The mineral is
imbedded in .ht gravel; at least it is so
in the river beds and in the gulches. Quartz
in all its varieties of intermixture with mica,
felspar, tale, etc, as we'll as clay slate,
abound on every hand. Doubtless rich
gold learing quartz ledges are yet to be Te
vealel to the searching gaze of earnest pros
pectors. The quantity and quality of the
mineral land, however, already discovered.
render it indisputable that these mines are
not only remuneralive to those Eow here,
but extensive enough to insure this to be q
populous and permanent mining region.


The working season in the rivers is from
the middle of June to the end Of November,
Clutches may be worked as early as March
or April, the Indians say; but it is certain
the winters are long, intense and snowy. 1t
is thought Il ere will not be much trouble
with the Indians. The Snakes and Neg
Perces lately held a three days council, and
the latter who are the most powerful and
NOBLE decided nearly unanimously in favor
of peace, one of their chieflains withdraw
ing with his lodges in high du'geon and
goinu over to the Snakes. Since then lha
Snakes have committed some murders, AMI
the friendly Nez Perces say they will send
100 warriors to help the whites if needed


MarNseiWc Appeal
Year: 1861

nor climb trees in pursuit of prey; and do
not think Them nearly SO voracious as their
fellows before mentioned If they were
they could doubtless clear the country Of
every living thing, for they are much mole
powerful. They are in fact, to ants what
whales are to fishes.
Year: 1861

saying that our Potomac fOtila is seriously
menaced by these batteries that the rebels
are fortifying and manning them with great
skill +; that many brave men must die before
they are taken; that very few more guns
need be mounted at Free Stone Point, and
elsewhere, to totally command the channel
of navigation. Measures are already in
progress for the rapid construction of a
military railroad from Washington to An
napolis direct, by way of forestaling any
possible contingency.


Meantime great activity prevails in the
Navy Yard. Shot and shell are pouring
into the holds of the Yankee, Pensacola,
Underwater, ETC., and yesterday high CON-
manding officers believed they would be
ordered at .en minutes notice to take 10000
men down the river for an assault on the
rebel battery at Free Stone Point. Steam
was up on all the vessels, and Commodore
Craven in deep consultation at the navy
office. The Commodore finally went down
stream in the Yankee, bis flagship, and will
make another reconnaissance before imme.
diate decisive business is resolved on. But
all these things are ominous of momentous
development of the resources gathered here
during our "sixty days of atonement," and
the hints thrown out in this letter show you
that we shall have enough to do and record.
Year: 1861

formation. She states the Notifications
at Manassas have three lines of entrench-
ments, one behind the other. On M onday
last she saw Davis, Beauregard and Smith
This information comes from her guide as
she was unable to get through the rebel
pickets in the morning. General Smith will
send out several companies of infantry, and
a battery to drive in the rebel pickets and
capture the young lady provided the rebels
have not already taken her away.
Year: 1861

The EPISCOPAL CHURCH DIvIDKp-ln LouisI.
ana the Protestant Episcopal Church secedes with
.ne STATE A pastoral letter from Bishop Polk, OF
that diocese, contains this extraordinary passage


Our ,eparation from our brethren of sThe Pro.
testant Episcopal Church in the United states,
has been effected, because we must follow our
nationality. Not because there has been any diff.
ference Of opinion as to Christian doctrine or
Catholic usage: Upon those points we are still
one With us 1t is separation, not division
certainly not alienation. And there is no reason
why, ii we should find the union of our diocese
under our national Church impractcable, we
should cease to feel for each other the respect and
regard with which purity of manners, high prin-
clpie and manly devotion to truth never fail to
inspire generous minds III relation to each other
hereafter will be the relations we both now hold
To the men Of our Mother Church of England
Year: 1861

The richest thing of the season. il we except
some Of the fellies Of secession, came off the
other day in the neighborhood of the market


The greenest Jonathan imaginable, decked out
in a slouch hat, long blue frock and pair of
cowhide shoes, big as gondolas, with a huge
whip under his arm, stalked into billiard
saloon, where half a dozen persons were i'm
proving the time in trundling round the
fvories, and after recovering from his first sur
prise at the to him singular aspect of the room,
inquired II amy Of 'em had seen stray steer, :"
affirming that tho "blasted critter got away as
he come through taown with his drove tother
day and he hadn' seen nothin' on him since"
The bloods denied all knowledge of the animal
in question, and with much sly winking at
each other, proceeded TO condole with him on
his loss in the most heartfelt manner He
watched the game with much interest, as he
evidently had never seen or heard Of anything
of the kind before, and created much amuse-
ment by his demonstration of g y plsuse when
good shot was smade-Je-ru-sa-lem, being a
favorite interjection At least he made bold
10 request the privilege of trying his skill


when he set the crowd in a roar by his awk-
ward movements. However he gradually got
his hand in, and played as we'll as could be
expected for greenhorn. All hands now
began to praise him, which so elated him that
he began to think himself a second Phelan


and he actually offered to bet dollar with his
opponent, which Of course he lost. The loss
ana the lduHQ so 1rrlLateQ 1lm tnat ne Offered
to play another game and bet two dollars,
which he pulled out of a big roll-for it seems
his cattle had sold WE'LL and he was quito flush.
This bet he also lost, as the fool might have
known he would, when mad es March ha re
he pulled out fifty spot, the largest bill he
had, and offered to bet that on another game


The crowd mustered round and raised eRough
to cover it, and at it they went again, when
by some strange turn of lusk greeny won. He
now offered to put up the hundred which he
had just won against another hundred. Of
course he couldn't blunder into another game,
so thcy could now win back what they had
lost and fleece the fellow Of his 5wn roll be-
sides. They sent out for a famous player,
who happened to have money enough to bet
with, and another game was played, which
Jonathan also won. Another hundred was also
raised and bet and won; and it was not till he
had blundered through half dozen games,
and by some HRaccoHNtabie run of luck won
thsm all, draining the pockets of his opponents
of some four hundred dollars, that they be-
gan to smell a very large "mice." When
everybody got tired of talking, Gawkey pulled
on his frock over his head, took his whip under
his arm, and walked quietly out, turning
round at the door, and romarking, " Gentle
men, if you should happen to see anything of
that steer, wish you'd just let me know"
At last accounts they had not seen the steer,
but they have come to the conclusion that they
saw the etephant.-Nsrcburypor Herald.
Year: 1861

such examples Of patriotism" as are furnished by
the States of Kentucky and Maryland, and ssready
at all times to meet fraterpal advances In the spr
they are made,n have without dissent instructed
the Judiciary Committee to revise the Persona
Liberty laws Of the State so as to make them In
all things conform to the Constitution of the Uni
ted States
Year: 1861

The unity of government which constitutes
you one people is also dear to you. 1t is Justly
so; for it is main pillar in the edifce of
your real independence the support of your
tranquility at home, your peace abroad; of
your safety, Of your prosperity, of that very
liberty you so highly prize. But as it is easy
to foresee that from different causes and from
different quarters much pains will be taken,
many articles employed to weaken in your
minds the conviction of this truth:-as this is
the point in your political fortress against
which the batteries of internal and external
enemies will be most constantly and actively
(though often covertlv and insidiously) di
rccted, it is of infinite moment that you
should properly estimate the immense value
of your national union to your collective and
individual happiness; that You should cher
ish a cordial, habitual, and immovabie at
tachment to it; accustoming yourselves to
think and speak of it as of the palladium OF
your political safety and prosperity watch
ing for its preservation with Jealous anxiety
! discountenancing whatever may suggest even
a suspicion that it can in any event be aban-
doncd; and Indignantly frowning upon the
first dawning of every attempt to alcnatt
any portion Of our country from the rest, o,
TO cnfceble the sacred ties which now link
together the various plrts.- lpashington>
ForcrcU A@}rca&
Year: 1861

Too HEAvY.-The Bee alludes to the fact
that the new militia bill places tax of three
dollars per annum on the head of evey man
subject to military duty, and says:


That is enormous considering the fact that
the past and present military tax was and
Is about fifty cents per head. Here is all
Increase Of five hundred per cent. at sim
gle jump! Supposing that there are in the
State $4,000 persons subject to this tax-and
taking the vote of the State at 10000,
there will we think, be tina. many-the rev
snue for military purposes will amount to
S225,O00 per annum. The tax is too heavy.
There is no occasion to burden the people
shns, and all for the mere qualification of
military men. If the present tax be not
Sufficient, let it be advanced fifty per cent.
or so; but to make it anything like the
amount this bill proposes, would be outra-
geous.
Year: 1861

The ocean holds dissolved two millions
of tons of silver. TO three French chem
lists the discovery is due. They took two
gallons of water from the coast of St. Mary,
few leagues from land, and analyzed it in
two different ways. A portion of the wa
ter they acted upon by the usual test for sill
yer, aud the presence OF the precious metal
was clearly ascertained. The remainder Of
the water they evaporated, and the salt they
obtained they boiled with lead. This gave
them button of impure lead, which they
subjected to what is termed cupellalion.
This grand word denotes a simple process.
The button is placed in little tiny saucer,
made Of lime, and is submitted to heat
sufficient to melt lead, but not high enough
to effect the silver, should any be present;
the lead soon begins to melt, and as it mells
it is sucked up by the porous saucer, or Gu.
pe: it grows smaller and smaller until no
lead remains, and in its place is a little bril-
lad. speck, far lighter than the boiling
lead The cupe is then removed from the
fire. and as it cooIs the red hot sparks cool
too, and you have homeopathic globule of
silver, very much like one Of those small
pills that druggists delude smokers into buy
ing to take away the smell of the fragrant
weed.
Year: 1861

Auburn, Cal.


"AVING been appointed agent by George w.
Ill Applegate for the sale of the Fruit Trees
raised at his Nursery at Lisbon, have now on
han fine variety of the same, all of which are
warranted true to their kind. They are pcculi-
ary adapted to the wants of this section Of the
country as it is we'll known that Fruit Trees
raised in the mountains are better for transplant
ing in the same region than those of valley growth
have also Grape Roots and Cuttings, Hop
Roots, and all variety of Trees and Shrubbery
which will be furnished fresh from the ground at
three days notice. Likewise every kind of Field
and Garden Seed of the growth of 1860.


Call at my store and see the Catalogue of the
different varieties. JOHN X. GWYNN,


Odd Fellows Hall building. Auburn.
Jnnuorv 26th 1S6l.-SW
Year: 1861

Under the administration OF dlstin-
tested for twenty years in the public Hospitals as
well as in their private practice with such complete
success as to have acquired the unqualified approval
of the medical faculty and is held in the highest
esteem and Is universally used