Year: 1859

European Titles.


! The New York Ledger" in answer to queries put
by correspondent who signs himself Buckeye" rea-
tive to European titles gives the following explanation


The orders of nobility in Great Britain and Ireland
dukes, marquses, earls vscounts and barons The
ducal title was revived by James l, The title of mar
quls is of the second rank. Ancenty connected with
it was the duty of guarding the frontiers limits of
the kingdom, called Marches from the Teutonic word
arce The third ORDER that of earl is the most ancient
and honorable. 1t derived from the Saxon word earl
which means elder and the Saxon earls were called
eatdeTmen-that is, seniors senator's and it would
appear that besides assisting in the general government
is implied by the designation, they were also Shiree
cusodiers of divisions of shires After the Norman
conquest these functionaries took the French name of
counts but which they did not long retain, though to
this day their shres called counties and their wives
counesses. The earl ceased to trouble himself with
county business at early PERIOD deputng it sub
ordinate officer called vice-comeS, whence sprung the
last degree of peerage-vscOunts which into vogue
in the reign OF Henry the Sixth. The history and ETY.
mology OF the barons involved in great obscurity-
The sons of peers have not legally any noble rank but
by courtesy the second always bears the second title
OF the family if there be one while the younger
receive the appelatOn of t0rdS if the paerna rank be
not under that of earl The sons of barons and Wis
counts merely styled honorable The title of bar
onet was instituted by James l. 1t is composed of
baron and the dminutive termination ct, which makes
it to signify baron of lesser degree The history of the
next dignity, that of knight goes back the days Of
ancient Rome. In the times of chivalry it confer
red persons of good birth, to enable them to give
challenges and perform eats of The title of squire
was derived from the Latin word scutifer, or shield
bearer The title, of right belongs to particular class
in society. You might do much better than to spend
your time in studying tie pcerage. The study Of your
business a farmer would be much more dgnifed and
p ofitabe employment


THE FEELING IN FRANCE TOWARDS ENGLAND
The Austrian Gazette thinks the turn of England comes
next. It says


1t possible that the armstice Just now entered upon
may give people time to make rational survey of that
which, if matters do not speedily mend, will soon have
to be termed La Question d Angeerre." The heart
burnngs daily generated by tie various speeches of
statesmen, comments of the press &c. constantly
the increase. Paris is almost deserted 10y its ncighbOrs
across the channel, 1t is not long since that return
was made by the police Of 5000 English cant dams
leus meubles that is, living in dwellings furnished by
themselves The return made at Christmas showed a
decrease Of 5000.


If Lord Howdens remarks on the anxiety on the part
of every Frenchman to draw the teeth Of England pro-
duced lively sensation here-and such they did unques
tonablyit is absolutely nothing to the exacerbations
caused by the recent speech of Lord Lyndhurst That
speech has been translated word for word it has not
only been circulated in every journal throughout the en-
pire but copies of it have been sent into every town.
village and hamlet Of France Every soldier who can
read has one in his hand and bis comrade who cannot
hangs Wistfuy over his shoulder WHILE what every





lands foremost legislator echoed with every sort of
emphasis and accentuation in his hearing.


One is really astonshed to the uerVe the exultaton
spirit with which comparatively illiterate enter his
torcay, geographically and politically into the subject
France it is protested all hands-even though the
Emperor be disposed to exhibit his characteristic for
bearance-wi not, cannot put up with it. England
has need OF France far need than France OF
her. A hg for her navy; it cannot be everywhere
She has not colony belonging to her that France might
nOtm of Is q
gross insult not believe great country when she de-
cares by her representative in the face Of the world
that she has ambition, desire for anything but
tranquility and repose,-except it may be that moral
weight which the truly great and good must hope
to possess 1t is to put arms of offence in her
hands, to drag her from her peaceful hearth and
compel her to assume the panOpy of injured dignity
What, is it for that she has borne with Christian meek
ness the assassination of her great Captain in that lone
isle, whose very name is like trumpet, summoning
cry child to deeds of vengeance? Is it for this that she
has long forgotten and forgiven her humiliation in the
sight of the civilized world when the Bourbon was i'm
posed upon her by mockery purchased by English gold
Is it for this that insult after insult has been passed by
and overlooked monarch and people for halt centu
ry, that now we should be told word is not worth
the breath it cost to give -that soul in its very
essence untrusworthy, deceitfu and desperately base?


The Actual Receipts and the Estimates.


We give below statement Of the receipts into the
treasury from all for the three last quarters OF
u.
which was estimated for by the Secretary of the Treas
ury his annual report to Congress at its last session
When take into consideration that the estimates were
necessarily based upon the commercial condition Of the
country just emerging from widespread and disastrous
paralysis and the utter impossibity to oresee when
to what extent, and how rapidly healthy action would
ensue it presents the most astonishing concurrence be-
tween the actual and the estimates upon record
1t also exhibits another evidence of the thorough know


ledge which the able Secretary of the Treasury possesses
in all matters pertaining to the nances-above all 9th
ers the most important and complicated subject belong
ing to human government:


Statement Of the receipts INTO the treasury for the last three


quarters Of the scaI yeGr ending ne5O lS59-fo"' Gus
Quar- e Quar- S endng ling Quar- ae ding Aggregate
sS765eis 81 si37795l9 s. s15,o38 Is 38o382 o9


Amount estimated by the Secretary OF the Treasury
in his report to Congress at its last session. from the
same sources, as indicated above $38,50000O


Washington Constitution.


The New York Alblon closes an editorial on the peace
with the following paragraph


It must be confessed that for the present the French
Emperor seems to be Fortunes favorite else that
certain other Prince looked very diligently after his
own. But there another Napoleon, to the glory Of
whose exploits that of his nephew is but farthng rush
light and yet how suddenly they went out and into
what Cimmeran darkness The end is not yet even
the beginning of the end we have only the end o
the beginning.


This brie but terrible terminates in the transfer
red sovereignty of single province with Italy stirred
to her very Depths and the who has her warmes
sympathies and cOmpetest confidence, Count Cavour
driven into resignation Of his place and power,-wtt
Austria exasperaed England disgusted, Prussia often
ded Russia disrustu and the appetite Of the French
army for blood and glory whetted to voracity-
wonder that the world regards the situation oil Europe
with the most excited apprehension?


. The Sunday Times gets off the following string Of
epigrams Gppr0pos of Bonner and the new horse
EVIDENCE