Year: 1861


fall, day after day. the thermometer ranges from
75o to $50 and unless it happens TO rain the fields
become deserts In addition this, the heat causes


variety Of bilious diseases during (which we ss much
calculate using certain number Of bottles of Ayre
sque cure or come such medicine as we do Of
using certain number Of bushels of grain. Set down
another fact then-good and permanent health in the
Soutt Western States is unknown and this is shown
from the Census reports by which it appears that the
white population does not ncrease fas; does in
the Northern ates. Children are raised with Diff
Guilty the CROP 70 to speak, is uncertain as that OF
corn and venture to say that onethrd more children
die at the South than at the North. To lose child IS
nothing 80 common il the event; but, of course, when
one is out of the way, is made for another and TO


stranger the activity in this respect is remarkable


What might be made Of this country if the people
were Free and the lsborer everywhere owned the land
one may speculate upon, and when he sees the homes
OF Yankees who 20 hither often with small means ana
make old worn-out places blossom and hloom he begins
10 suspect that there is something in men as well as III
climate.


| now come 10 speak Of the wealth of the people
Of tue South. Western Slave States, and Tor
fear may be thought to exaggerate, hero say VIII
not tell the whole truth. I'll keep some back for
another time. Now, who go through on boats ana
cam, and stop in cities and large hotels know nothing
TO what / do who have gone among the people oi
every class who have staid with them hundreds oil
nights, Sundays and all, and gone to meetings and
froics and travelled bouis in the woods where some
times there was road and sometimes not trying to
find place TO stay over highland, having visited
more than thousand plantations and slept and eat IN
know not how many novels and talked with them
all and if choose talk precisely as trey 90, ana
they wouldn't suspect l was born up NORTH say,
think ought to know something about them.


The impression which gets on going South Is the
general dilapdation or carelessuese which appears
even upon some of the best plantations. The nice,
white houses common at the North, even IN The re-
motest agricultural districts, with green blinds, with
clean dooryards and wel-kept shrubbery, snug barns
green meadows and corner school-houses are no.
where seem The furniture Of the houses is OF Ae
commonest description, and TO make short work with
it estimate that there are not decent chairs enough
H. the whole South to give half set to each family
For there are to-day and there have been for every
day for more than ten years pact, more than 10000
people in Tennessee alone, who have not foot OF land
or bit of work to do. am speak NJ Of whites and
not of negroes a, all. bushe Of cornmeal side of
bacon. and little coffee, will be all that family Of





often they have neither coffee bacon Ifthey have
a cow, and she " comes up they may bave milk,
but az for butter some have heard OF it, some have
seen it, few have eaten it. And the fact Is,
napy. yes, many who own from two to five slaves,
are little better of. ! stsd with a man who had l5
slaves and 400 acres Of land where he had lived forty
wears. and his house was not worth fifty cents what
nv fare was, YOU may guess have seen hundreds Of


hara
the children run around naked ever they were
born and bedstead or chair not in tie house and
never will be. have seen the children eat wheat and
grass growing in the field. have seen them eat dirt
saw children here on my own place, in Southern IL


nois las year. eat dirt, they were 10 hungry. South
ern Illinois has been City Of Refuge for the poor peo-
pie of the Sve States. Folks thought Humboldt told


big story when he gave account Of the clay atng
Indians Of South America OF course where poverty
il 40 general and where the slaves few, the slaves
cannot fare much wore than their masters 1t gen
eray said by the people Of the Slave States that they
prefer corn bread, but, place the two kinds before
them, and you will ree which they like best No class
Of people like corn bread, and people az general
thing are worth much who can get nothing else.


For the mort part the people Of these regions manu-
Cctue all their every day clothing, and their garments
look as though they made for no other purpose
than 10 keep them and to cover their nakedness
beauty Of colong and propreiy in fitting ure little re-
earded Every man who Is not rich s a shoemaker.
Backsmith-shops innumerable and yet have sent
a boy over eighty miles from shop TO shop, and then
did not get horse shod. Men call Themselves gun
smiths but they only stock guns There are earren-
ers and cabinet mai ers, and chair-makers, and all
THE working badly with poor tools The SUN IT, there
il no real dcipne Of mind among them, no real inge-
nuity, no education, comfortable houses, no good
yictuals, nor do they know how TO cook and when
10 among them what troubles me most IL, they have
no grass, no ciorer, no hay.


And vet Ms fine and well-disposed men, and as anx-
ious to improve are be found In the SouthW
States as are to be found anywhere. They hon
ee, as men are, and they will treat stranger the
best they know how The trouble il, the large slave
holders have got all the good land There can be no
schools and if the of poor man rises above bis
condition there ia earthly chance for him. He can
only hope TO be rayedver, for Office il not his,
or he must leave and 20 to Free State. Were there
no Free States the rhte Pcopie Of the South rould TO-
day be siages.


But while Secession s horrd front and threat
ems the destruction Of this Government let consder
Whether it has wealth enough to its object for it
certainly has not men. BY wealth mean, as every
one does foo |, clothing, what will buy 1t, houses,
furniture cattle and whatever makes life agreeable.
Now AN certain there is more wealth in any twenty
townships each five miles square, in any Of tho conn
ties of the Western Reserve Of Ohio than in the ZANE
given number Of counties (souh Of Kentucky and ex-
Guiding a few cities Of the whole Southern States.
Ang venture TO say there are ne many reading men IN
one Of these townships n any of those countless
and that there ave more children who 20 SCHOOL and