Year: 1860

to protect each state against invasion or violence
from other States it follows that it is the duty of
Congress to pass laws to render that guarantee
efectual. While Congress, in the early history of
the Government did provide legislation, supposed
to be ample, to protect the United States against
inv asion from foreign countries and Indian tribes
they have failed up to this time TO make any law
to protect the States from invasion from within the


limits of the Union. lie presumed the reason for
this was that Congress never deemed such legisla-
ton would ever become necessary for the protec-
tion OF one State against her sister States; and
who, until the Harper's Ferry affair, ever concei-
sed that the American States could be so forgetful
Of their duty to themselves and to the country,
and to the Constitution, as to plan On invasion OF
any other State with view of stirring up servie
insurrection, murder, treason, and every other
crime that disgraces humanity. Though no blame
can therefore be attached to predecessors, yet,
since the experience of last year, we cannot stand
justified in withholding any longer to perform this
sacred duty. The question remaining then, is 20
know what legislation is necessary to render this
guarantee of the Constitution etfectual lie pre-
sumed there would be very little difference of opin
ion that it will! be necessary to place the whole
military power of the Government at the disposal
of the President, with proper restrictions, to sup
press suoh invasion. But this is not sufficient
such legislation would not be q full compliance
with this guarantee of tue Constitution. The fra
mers Of that instrument meant more; for, mark
the language: whenot refers to the United States


is says Congress shall have power to repel invasion


But when they come TO make this guarantee to the
States, the language is changed anG it says the
United States shall protect each Of the States
against invasion. In The one instance it is the
duty of Congress to repel. In the other, they
guarantee to protect. Ia other words, the United
States not permitted to wait till invading
force has been organized, and on the III arch They
must pass laws to insure protection and domestic
tranquility TO each State and Territory against in


vasion or hostility from the other States Terri
tories OF The Union. Then it is not only necessary
to use the military power when the actual case
occurs but to authorize the Judicial department
to suppress all cvnspiracies and combinations in
tho several States, with the intent to mOlest or dis


turb its Government, citizens, property or institu-
tions. You must punish the conspiracy, with the
intent to do the act, and then it will be suppressed
in advance. There is no principle more clear to
ltHo leRdl ~ 10 PioPei "
r decla2s an act a crime, it is proper to punish
combination with the intent to commit the act
If you find act to punish man for countersit-
ing the coin of the United States, you will also find
a section Furnishing O man for having it in his
possession, and also for having the tools with
which to make it, If the oct of invasion is crimi
nal the conspiracy to invade should also be made
criminal. lit be unlawful to invade State end
run off fugitive slaves, why not make it unlawful
to form conspiracies TO do it? He referred to q
man lately hung. who had boasted in public lee
ture that he had run off horses from the State OF
Missouri, and pointed to q stable in Cleveland,
Ohio, filled with the horses. lie thought Congress
competent to pass law to punish conspirators
with she intent TO run of any sort of property
negroes or horses and cOnfne them in prisons in
the State where the conspiracy was. lie would
carry this principle out. and make law to punish
conspiracies to carry Territorial elections, whether
they were under the garb of Emigrapt Aid Soce-
ties from New England or Blue Lodges in Mis-
souri,


He contended that this provision of the Consti.
tuition means than repellng invasion, bu.
that the domestic peace and tranquility of the State
should be SECURED against violence, for there can
be no safety, peace, or prosperity, In any commu-
nifty not secure from violence. The question has
been raised in England, whether they should pass
laws against c0nspracies against the life of a
French prince. lie would no: argue that question,
Su. should argue by the Constitution, under which
We are governed, and contend that it should be SO
construed as to punish invasion and conspiracies
to invade. lie thought this could be done by au-
thorising the United States Courts to take urisdc-
tion of the offenses and impose proper penalty.
L. cannot be said that the time has not arrived for
such legislation, II that the Harpers Ferry out
rage will not be repeated. 1t is only necessary to
ascertain whether the causes which produced this
outrage are in active operation. to determine
whether there is any ground for apprehension tha.
the in vason will be repeated, What these eau
ses He had no hesitation in expressing his firm
and deliberate conviction that the uarpers Ferry
crime was the natural and logical and inevi,able
,sult of the teachings of the Republican party as
explained and enforced in their platform, their
partizan presses, their pamphlets, and books, and
the speeches Of their leaders in and out of Con-
greH.


! lie said he did not mako the statement for the
purpose Of elimination or for party effect. He
desired to call attention to the doctrines which the
Republican party are iu the habit Of enforcing, to
see if they did not lead directly to those conse-
quences on the part OF those deluded persons who
think what is said is in real earnest, and ought to
be carried out. The great principle which under
lies the Republican party is violent and eternal
warfare upon the institution of American Slavery,
with view to its ultimate extinction through hout
the land. A sectional war to be waged until the
cotton fields of the South shall be cultivated by
free labor. or wheat and rye fields Of Massachus-
etts shall be cultivated by slave labor In furth-
erance of this article of their creed you find their
political organizations not only sectional but whose
vitality dereuds upon exciting northern prejudice,
ambition and passion against Southern institutions
and Southern people. He had some experience