Year: 1862

purpose OF uOlng just What you nave agreed VIII
them, by solemn treaty, that you would do, name
y, keep the whites off the reservation ask, then
would it not be good policy to make the purchase
and permit the industry of the country to find
employment An employment which would re-
suit in adding millions each year to our circula-
r ting medium, not the circulating medium pro-
f duced by the judcious combination of rags ana
iampback but the hard, glistening gold of intri-
] sac value, whose perennial streams would invgo-
rate your industry and fertilize your trade in all
sections of the country.


: Within the last six months our people upon the
Pacific have suffered as great pecuniary losses, by
reason of foods followed by intense colds, as any
portion of the border States have by the treason
able efforts of secessionists; and no resource is
left then. except to repair their broken fortunes
by reSortng to the mines. Thousands of them
are there to-day, encamped upon the reservation.
} Towns are being commenced, which will shortly,
peace be maintained, rival the great mining
towns of California At the last accounts hostili-
ties were imminent, and if our people are to be
precipitated into Indian war, after the calami-
ties that have been visited upon them by the ele-
ments, our condition will be deplorable indeed.
In the name of that people invoke the aid of this
Government to avert their ruin.


Mr.. FEssENDEN. l should like to know what
the necessity is for appropriating $4,000 for this
purpose. notice that in the recommendation of
the Secretary of the Interior, $4,000 is proposed
for the purpose of negotiating a treaty and pur-
chasing the reservation but the $780, 900 in this
amendment seems to be appropriated merely for
the purpose of negotiating a treaty.


Mr.. NEsMITH. In relation to that, it will be
very expensive to hold council there All the
supplies must necessarily be obtained from the
older settled portions of Oregon, distance of
some four or five hundred miles. AS l stated in
my remarks in regard to the proposed Shoshone
or Snake treaty, provisions cost in those mines
where the treaty is to be made, about one dollar
pound, including flour, bacon, beef and all sorts
ofproyisions. They are immensely high. l do
not know but that council can be held and a
treaty made for less than $4,000, bat my own
opinion is and l so stated to the committee, that
it could not be accomplished for less If the
whole amount is not required it can be returned
to the Treasury. l am satisfied that there will be
an honest expenditure of the money if it is COM
mitted to the hands of the two superintendent of
Oregon and Washington. believe they are both
honest men and will discharge their duty to the
Government faithfully. l do not think that
less sum than $4,000 will be sufficient to accom-
plish the object desired. That reservation is pc
culiarly situated. 1t is directly on the road which
leads to that country. Men trayersing the conti-
nent to that country must necessarily cross the
reservation. 1t is in the center of what will some
day, and within a very short period, be large,
powerful, prosperous, wealthy State. The depos-
its of gold are of such character as to attract
vast numbers Of people from all sections of the
country, expeditions are organizing from the west
ern frontiers, and people are constantly going up
from California and we expect to open, at no very
remote period, road across the intervening por-
ton of the continent from there to some of the
settlements in the western States.


As a matter of sound national policy it is i'm
portant that these Indians should be removed
from the neghborhood of that great thoroughfare,
that they should be placed upon public lands
somewhere else. Every foot of that country be-
longs to the United States. They have not parted
with their title to a single foot of the country,
believe, east of the Cascade mountains, except in
the neighborhood of the TDalles. I know they
have not sold any east of Walla Walla, and none
of it, believe, is occupied by settlers east of
Walla Walla All that vast region extending
throughout the northeastern portion of Washing
ton Territory fine, fertile country, susceptible of
settlement, is open where these Indians can be
located, and where they can, at least in part sub
sist themselves with the natural advantages of the
country and the ennuities which the Government
is already bound by treaty stipulation to pay to
them. l think there will be no trouble They
can be taken 20 some valley which will be more
remote than the present position which they oc-
c1py, from the line of travel across the continent.


They number nearly six thousand OF course,
with eight or ten thousand miners upon the reser-
vations, they are to-day they are naturally be-
coming demoralzed. The stipulation which, at
their own suggestion, was incorporated in their
treaty that no person, nor even an Indian, should
be allowed to take whisky upon the reservation
for the purpose of dsposing of it, is daily viola
ted White men are there by thousands. Lew
ston is quite town, and two or three other towns
have been laid off on the reservation. The mill
tary forces have been Withdrawn, and there is no
power there to enforce the rights of the Indians,
and keep the whites away. have no doubt that
in less than ninety days from this time, there will
be fifty thousand people upon the reservation.
think as matter of sound policy, for the purpose
of preserving peace, to say nothing about our
treaty obligations to these Indians, we should
make the appropriation, and think that $4,000
is as little as will accomplish the object.


FACTS FOR Poor FARNlERs.-"T Those farmers
who have most difficulty to make ends meet, al
ways plow most and keep most stock. Now, these
men take the true plan to keep themselves always
poor because their stock and crops are always
poor and bring little" So writes John Johnston
to the Secretary of the New York State Society,"
and he thus illustrates his statement 1t is good
profit to raise 300 bushels of wheat from ten acres
but when it takes thirty acres to raise that amount,
it is raised at loss So it is with cattle and
sheep. You will see the thinking farmer making
four year old steers worth from $50 to $50 each,
and his neighbours, at the same age, worth not
over S25 to $40" His advice to the latter IS, if
his land is exhausted he should plow no more
than he can thoroughly manure. Seed with clo-
yer and grass, let it rest, and that field will not
only pay for tillage but it will furnish manure Gf
rightly managed) to make another field of the
a-oo ,;,o ,;ob also And tben kaap II rich do