Year: 1863

lie quoted several precedents Tor this vew and said that


the opinions of this country and OF France and Holland had


been sufficiently manifested by the recent loan raised for


the Coniederatss while military bad also expressed


their conviction that the conquest Of the South was npos-


sble He concluded by observing that if recognition was


withheld, the war would never be brought to end


Earl RUSSELL said My lords, suppose there is no


member OF either House Of Parliament who does wish


for termination of the civil 10 America 1t disturbs


commerce, 1t intereres with the peace of the world and


aicts America herself and if any thing could be


fully and must add justly done to bring that to


Termination repeat there no member of either House
OF Tournament there is no person in the country, who


would not gladly see such consummation. But after
having listened to my noble friend must confess remain
in the same persuasion before at the present moment


and sPeah ontu Of ne present nonentiat there is mo-


thing s country could do usey and ,oseiy chich tc0uid
tend to the termination of hostiis the other side of the
atlantic


My noble friend has somewhat mixed different TOPICS
and he has alluded to three different modes of intervention


in the affairs of other countries One which is the mini
of interference that of advice good Offices and me
diation another the mode proposed by my noble friend
that OF recognition; and the third, which we have
sometimes resorted to- and which other nations have more


frequently had recourse tohat Of forcbe Intervention


My noble friend says and says truly that had the
honor of addressing the House last there has been
divergence between the views Of the Government of


this country and that of the Emperor of the French The
Government of the Emperor of the French conceived that


it might tend to the Termination of the if three Pow
Great Britain, and Russiawere to propose


suspension OF with view of nedation between the
Two beigerens Her Majestys Government after care
fully examining that proposition, came to the conclusion
that its adop ion by would not be likely to lead to its ac
cepance by the Government Of the United States Of Anne
rca while by causing irritation it would not increase but
diminish the chances of our seeing determination Of the
test The French Government has proceeded in accord
ance with lis views and has actually proposed to the Co.
of the United States negotiate with the South
States That proposition has not been adopted and
thok your Lordshps will judge from what has happened
with reference to the proposals Of France aud with refer
ence TO suggestions thrown out in other Countries that
any interference on the part Of this country ,ood only hare
tended 70 aggrauafe the ers Of the present iaeata6
Of AFFAIRS IN Amerca IL does NOT appear at The present
moment that this contest wCud be likely to be terminated
by an offer OF our good Offices. say ut the present
ment because it impossible to say that the of
events, time may not come when both conteDding par


ties would be desrous of the good Offices wise counses
Of friendly Powers do not any probability of that at
this moment but wish to guard against being sup
posed to speak positively of the future.


We come, then, to the proposed by my noble
friend, namely that of recognition. My noble friend al
uded to several casesnot Very happy illustrations of his
argument think-n which the United States of America
have recognised nsurgent countries which they believed


likely to be able to maintain their independence One was
the revoted State of Hungary whose independence had
sunk like the island in the Mediterranean 1t had disap
peared before the despatch reached Vienna by which the
United States recognised it, Another instance referred
by my noble friend scarcely within the category
though 1t has been quoted by gentleman who has written
very able letters under the title of Hi .toricus'I
the recognton of the United States themselves by
France two years after the with this country had be-
gun If any will examine that precedent and the i'm
portant documents which have lately to light he will
that the French monarchy Of the day had unfor
tunatry for ITSELF been exciting democratic passions in
America and had been eDdeavorng TO raise opposition
there to the Government Of Great Britain 1t had pre-
pared of concert with those and the
letter courteous 10 appearance but exceedingly hos
tile and bitter in its spirit written by the French Ambas-
sador it stated tbat the French Government had not
only made treaty of with the United States
but further that they had right to carry that treaty into
effect, if necessary, by force. This threat
take part in the between Great Britain and her re-
voted colonies But know that beside this open threat
there secret treaty signed by which France lent her
support the revoted PROVINCES and the opposition of
this country, which then decided any oppo
son egreed that the threat Of war and that
by only could it be met. The not case Of re-
cognition, but OF interference. Ii was think,
most upjustfable inererencean Interference for the
purpose of spreading those democratic principles which
at ferward reacted France and produced many ex
cesses and crimes during the Revolution.


Well then, with regard to the other cases to which my
noble friend has auded-those of Portugal and Holland
they Of forcibe intervention There is hard
ly more than in which the question limited
simple recognitionthat the carried between
Spain and her revoed colonies, which went from 1908
to 1922 without any proposal for recognition The case
worthy Of the attention of your lordsps because
illustrated by the mild wisdom Of Lord Lansiowne
the profound research of Sir james Macintosh andby
the dszzlug genius of Canning.


We have, therefore, upon this question of recognition
much light possibly b, thrown upon any subject


Now beg to refer your ordshps to the words of Lord
LaDsdowne. He jealous for the recogn ton of the
South American Provinces he thought il would be great
advantage to this country to recognise them and he was
entirely free from any trammels Of office any gations
consult the neres of the Min tsr OF the day But with
that wisdom and orbearance which characterized every
act of his public life, he stated that the fret thing to be
considered the right and be went thus Ii will
be my duty this night to point ont to your ordshp the
great advantages which may result from the establish
mept Of South American independence. h, pc shall
stand up n this House to recommend your ordshps
to adopt any of policy inconsistent with those
principles of right which TO all expedency
aud which compose that great law of nations any depa
ture from which, to selfish and ambitious policy
fails to recoil upon ts authors These are words
upon which this House may well reflect and we may well
consider upon what grounds Lords Lansdowne funded
lordshps In the frat place he stated it was neces


ary that country which required to be recognized should
have established its independence. In the next place that
it should be able to m-ntan that Independence for the


future and lastly that it should be able to carry on with
s foreign nations those relations OF peace and amy which
form the general international law of the world


Now, examine the ate OF the reyoted provinces of
Spsin at that time. SIR james Macintosh and as Mr.
Canning did We nd that the greater part of south Anne
had been twelve fourteen years entirely free


from the presence Of Spanish armies We find that with


regard to those provinces in which that
the case--namely, Mexico where Vera Cruz al me was
occupied by Spanish garrison, and Peru where there
four or FIVE thousand Spanish troops-athouph the
Of Spain seemed hopeless u was sgreed that ther
recognition should be deferred and that only in the case
Of Buends Ares aud those parts Of South America which
had clearly and for number of years established their in
to the sep of recognition Besides this Mr. Canning took
N ths