Year: 1862

Son Of country from the rest or 10 enfeebe the sa
cred ties which link together the various parts.


For this you have every induoemsnt Of sympathy an
interest Citizens by birth choice of common coun
sry that country mas right 10 concentrate your aec
sion The name of American, which belongs 10 you ii
your national capacity must always exat the just prid
Of patrotism more than any appellaion derived fron
ocsl discrimnations With Slight shades OF difference
you have the same religion. manners habits and politics
principles You have, IN common cause, fought ans
triumphed together; the independence and liberty yo
the work Of joint counses and JOINT Efforts
common dangers, sunerngs and successes.


But these considerations, however powerfully they al
dress themselves to your ieify, greatly out
weighed by those which apply more immediately TO you
most commanding motives for carefully guarding anC
preserving the union OF the whole.


The North in an unrestrained intercourse with thu
South protected by the equal laws Of common
ment finds IN the productions OF the latter great add
tonal resources OF maritime and commercial enterprise
and precious materials OF manufacturing industry The
South, the intercourse beneftng by the agency
Of the North its agriculture grow and its
expand Turning partly into its own channels the sea-
men of the North, it finds its particular navigation in
vgerated and while IL contributes in different ways TO
noursh and Increase the general of the national
vigaton II looks forward TO the protection of maritime
strength TO which itself is unequay adapted The East
like with the West, already nnds aad in
the progressive Improvement OF interior communication
by land and water, VIII more and more find valuable
vent for the commodities which il brings fr abroad
or manufactures at home. The West derives from the
East supplies requisite to its growth and comfort and
what perhaps Of still greater consequence must
necessity, the enjoyment Of indispensable
outlets for its productions to the weight influence
and the future maritime strength Of the Atlantic side
&he Onion, directed by an ndissoluble community Of
interest an nation Any other tenure by which the
West bold this essential advantage whether deriv
ed from its separate strength from apostae
and unnatural connection with any foreign Power must


while then every part Of our country thus feels an
immediate and particular interest in union all the parts
combined cannot fail TO find, in the united mass OF
and efforts, greater strength greater resource
proporonaby greater security from external danger,
sions; and what is OF inestmable value they must de
rive from union an exemption from those bros and
between themselves, which frequently alict neigh
boring countries not tied together by the govern
mont; which their rivalship alone would be sufR-
cent produce, but which opposite foreign alliances
attachments and ntrgues would stimulate embtter
Hence. likewise, they will avoid the necessity OF those
Cvergrown military establishments which, under any
form OF government inausp.cious to liberty and
which be regarded particularly hostile TO re-
publican liberty in this il that your union ought
TO be considered as main prop of your liberty and that
the love OF the ought endear TO you the
ton of the other.


These considerations speak persuasive language
every rejecting and vrtuous mind and exhibit the con-
tinuance OF the Union as primary object OF patriotic
desire. Is there a doubt whether a common govern
ment can embrace SO large sphere? Let experience
solve it, To listen TO mere speculation IN such
criminal. We authorized hope that proper
organization Of the whole with the auxiliary agency Of
governments for the respective Subdivisions will afford
happy issue TO the experiment With such powerful
and obvious motives TO union affecting all parts Of our
country while experience shall not have demonstrated
ITS impractcabity, there will always be reason TO dis
trust the patriotism Of those who in any quarter may
endeavor TO weaken its bands.





Union 1t occurs, as matter OF serious concern that
ground should have been furnished for characteriZing
parties by geographical dscrminations-Northern aud
Southern, Atlantic and western-whence designing
may endeavor excite belief that there is real diff.
ference Of local interests and views One Of the expe
dients OF party 10 acquire influence within particular dis
tcts 10 msrepresent the opinions aims Of other
districts. You shield yourselves much against
the jealouses and heart burnings which spring from
these misrepresentation they tend render alien to
each other those who ought to be bound together
by fraterna affection. Tho inhabitants Of our
tel had ucAfrl
this head: they have in the negotiation
by the Executive and in the unanimous ratification by
the Senate OF the treaty with Spain and the universal
satisfaction at that event throughout the United States


decisive proof how unfounded the suspicious pro-
pagated among them OF policy in the general govern
ment, and in the Atlantic States unfrendly to their
interests in regard TO the Mississippi they have been
witnesses 10 the formation OF two reatiesthat with
Great Britain and that with Spain-whch 10 them
sverythng they could desire gin respect foreign
relations, towards confirming their prosperity Will il
not bs their wisdom TO rely for the Of
advantages the Union by which they were proeured9
Will they not henceforth be deaf to those adv;sersif
such there arewho would them from their breth-
rem, and connect them with aliens?


To the efficacy and permanency OF our Union govern.
ment for the whole is indispensable. No alliance how
suite they must inevitably experience the nfractons and
interruptions which ell alliances in all time nave expe
risucsd. Sensible Of this momentous truth you have
improved your first essay by the adoption Of con-
stitution of government better calculated than your
former for intimate Union and for the ecaeous ma
nagement Of. your common concerns This government
the ofhpring Of choice and unawed
adopted upon full invest cation and mature debera
completely free in it's principles in the distribution of
powers uniting security with energy, and containing
within itself provision for its own amendment has
just claim to your confidence and your support Respect
for its authority compliance with its laws
in its measures duties enjoned by fundamental
maxims of true liberty. The basis Of political sys
tenn rs the right Of the people to make and 70 alter
their constitutions Of government but the constitution
which at time exists tll changed by explicit and
authentic act of the whole people sacredy obligatory
upon all The very idea Of the power and the right of
the people establish government presupposes the duty
Of every individual to obey the established


All distractions TO the execution Of the laws all com
binstons and associations, under whatever plaus bic
character with the real design to direct control con
teract or awe the regular and ac, on ~ h.
constituted authorities destructive to this funda.
mental principle aud OF fatal tendency They serve to
organize faction to give il an artificial and exraordi.
nary force put in the place Of the delegated will OF the
nation the will Of party, often small but arfr and
enterprisng minority Of the community, and, accord
ing 70 the alternate uiumphs Of different parties 20
make the public administration the mirror Of the ill.,
concerted and incongruous projects o faction rather
than the organ OF consistent and wholesome plans d.
Rested by common counsels and modified by mutual
interests.


However combinations or associations Of the above
description now and then answer popular ends they
are likely in the course OF time and things become
potent engines, by which cunning. ambitious and nm.
principed will be enabled 10 subvert the power q,
the people, and 10 usurp for themselves rens Of TO
vernment destroying afterwards, the very engines
which had lifted them to unjust dominion


Towards the preservation OF government and the
permanency OF your present happy state IL is requisite
not only that you steadily irregular oppo
Btons 10 ltS acknJWleoFeu autnoriy, that
resist with the spirit OF innovation upon its prnci
pies however specious the pretexts One method OF
saut may be TO effect n the forms OF the constitution
alterations which will impair the energy the system and
thus 70 undermine what cannot be directly overhrown
In all the changes 70 which you may be invited renen-
Der that time and habit at least 10 x the
true character 6 governments as Of other nstu.
tions that experience the surest standard which 10
test the real tendency Of the existing constitution OF
country that facility in changes upon the credit
hypothesis and opinion, exposes to perpetual change
from the endless variety Of hopc hess and opinion aud
remember, especially that for the efficient management,
of your common interests 10 country extensive az
ours, government Of much vgor consistent th
the perfect security OF liberty Indispensable Liberty
itssh will hnd In such government with powers proper
y distributed and adjusted Its sursst guardian II is
naeed little else than name, where the government is
TOO feeble TO Withstand the enterprise Of faction to con-
nns each member OF the society within the limits pre-
scriben by the laws and TO all the secure and
tranquil enjoyment Of the rights Of person property


nave already ntimated 70 you the danger Of parties
the state with particular reference the founding OF
tnem on geographical determinations Let now take
moro comprehensive view, and warn you in the most
he hanos