Year: 1860

PENSIONS.


SONS for information respect the operations the
fcnslon bureau for the past year.


me Whole number Of pensioners Of all classes
hhnhg on the rolls, is l2s4 and the required 10
pay their pensions is 81 00 ,0lS During the past year
tht amount thus expended 81 I03 ST. o.


Although there appears to have been but slight dimi
mutton in the work Of the Office yet such is the condition
of the business that it will admit of considerable
tioh OF the clerical force during the year.
queny the estimates now submitted for this branch of
the service have been reduced by the S28 200


ihe energetic measures which have been adopted for
the prevention Of pension and bounty frauds upon
the government have been attended very fvorahle
resnits S clearly indicated by the decrease in the num-
! ber OF prosecutions for offences Of this character


PATENT OFFICE


lhe increase of business in the Patent Office and the


ashitnde oil It's operations give additional force to the
recommendations heretofore made reorganization of
this bureau. The amount of work deyolyed upon the
examiners is enormous, and it is difficult to believe that
the reiterated appeals in this behalf would have so
entirely dsregarded had Congress realized the actual
condition OF the business Of the office, and the
self sustaining it is only reasonable that this department
should be empowered to graduate the force employed by
the work to done provided always that the expendi-
lures shall be kept within the receipts


take occasion to renew the recommendation of pre-
vious reports in regard the anomaly aowing appaas
from the Commissioner of to one Of the three dis


ct judges In addition to the urged in my first
annual report for alteration of the law in this narc
uar it to be observed that each Judge acts separate
y upon the appeal taken it becomes very difficult if not
impossible, to maintain uniformity and certainty in tho
execution Of the patent laws.


The income of the Office for the three quarters ending
September 80 1860 was s197 6S 40 and its expenditure
SIS9,67223, showing surplus of 81 ,976I7.
| During this period five thousand six hundred and
hTy'eght applications for patents have been received,
and eight hundred and fOrtyone caveats filed. Three
thousand six hundred and twelve applications have been
rejected and three thousand eight hundred ninety
SIX patents issued, including reissues additional i'm
provements and designs In addition to this there have
been forty nine applications for extensions twenty
eight patents have been extended period of seven
years from the expiration of their first term.
| EIGHTH CENSUS.


The schedules and carefully prepared Instructions were
distributed in time the United States Marsas
to commence the enumeration on the day appointed by
wi nj Tho rain
been made is past and the completed
in all the States and territories with the exception of
some few subdivisions where from circumstances repre
sened to be unavoidable delays have occurred This fail
ure however creates no surprise when it is known
that the number Of necessary subdivisions required the
employment of four thousand four hundred different
agencies.


The returns have been placed in hands of an able
and efficient corps of clerks and have the assurance of
the superintendent of this service that his present
force, he will enable me- during the approaching session
of Congress- to present exhibit of the aggregate popu
laOn manufactures and agricultural productions and
to make the apportionment of Representatives in accord
1850 ~


For the completion of the eighth census the sum of
l37 OOO as deficiency will be required for the
fiscal year. and further appropriation of 100000 for
the fiscal year ending June So 1862 which, with the ap
preparation heretofore made for this service will make
the entire cost of the enumeration
OOO of which about s13O3 900 will be paid to the
marshas and their assistants accordance with the rates
established by the law of $780, for their services in this
conneXion


The demanded for the execution of the eighth cen
exceeds the cost OF the seventh the


an excess rendered necessary by the of our
population and its diffusion the plains of the in
terror.


In this my annual report feel it to be nv dutv
to suggest the proprey and Importance of establishing
bureau OF statistics.


/ The internal trade between the different States of m
Union greater than our foreign trade and directly in
terests much greater number of people, yetw
possess agency by which ascertain and def
nitely present to the world the value extent of this
exchange of the products of labor We have central
point of statistical knowledge by which we can show the
connection and dependence of the several States upon
each other for their material advancement prosperity
1t is true that in each period of years the coun
try is supplied with certain information regarding our
agricultural, manufacturing and mining interests vet
nothing known of the Importance direction and chan
nels of home commerce. Congress- the departments
and the community, without any general reliable re:
source for the ascerainmen of our internal irade and
the annual production of agriculture manufactures and
mines 1t woud he wise economy to establish an agen-
cy which would the desired information in the
most authentic practicable form, and regularly report
same at each session Of Congress. The requisite force
would be small and feel confident that the reports of
such bureau would command for it the public favor
JUDICIARY


Some changes in the laws required tn enable this
Department to secure uniformity and to enforce existing
regulations in regard to judicial expenses of the govern
ment, and renew my former recommendations on this
subject. Without additional power, prompttude
and accuracy in the return of the emoument
of the Clerks of the United States Courts be Sc
cured.


The fixed and well established policy of the govern
Of the United States, since year 1908 has been
the suppression of the African slave trade From time
time have been enacted to enectuate this OBJ
jec and the heaviest penalties have been prescribed
against those who engage in this traffic The courts find
great difficulty in constituting the laws, and the Judges
widely differ in their opinions and Interpretation them


The action Of the juries in all sections of the country
dcates that the penalties prescribed for violations of
these laws deemed altogether dsproportionae
heinousnes of the offence and therefore any technical
fence is seized upon to reconcile them to finding vercts
OF acquttal. Hence, has yet reached the
Supreme Court by which alone settled construction could
he given to these laws Public policy demands review
of these laws and change which would pro
visions more practical and there ore more efficient,
would, in my judgment, he both wise and expedient


But desire more particularly to call your attention to
that provision OF the laws for the suppression of the Ar
Ca" slave TRADE WHICH authorizes tha Pro0int to make
such regulations and arrangements he may deem exps
dent Tor the safe Keeping support and removal beyond
the limits Of the United States of all such muIa
toes, persons Of color, may delivered and
brought within their Jurlsicton and to appoint proper
persons, residing upon the Africa
agent or agents. Tor receiving the negroes muattocs


persons oil coior delivered from on board vessels seized
the prosecution Of the slave trade by commanders of the
United States armed vessels;' and also the act OF
June 10, 1860 which authorizes the President to
INTO contract with person society from
the agents of the United States a negroes muattoes
persons of color delivered from on board vessels seized
in the prosecution of the slave trade and to provide the
said negroes mulattoes and persons of color with com
Portable clothing shelter provisions for period not
exceeding year from the date of their being landed on
the coast Os Africa.


During the last spring three sIavers having on board
l432 Africans were captured and brought into port
of Key West. These Africans delivered to the United
States Marshal of the Southern District Florida who
furnished them with suitable supplies and provided
Portable quarters for their occupancy With the pos
sibe delay into with the American





to Liberia and for their support year from
the date of their being landed the Africa The
said Society contracted to furnish vessels the class
TO De htted equipped and provisioned in accordance
with the requirements of the act of Congress- entitled
act to regulate the carriage of passengers steam
ships and other vessels approved March g. 1855


Good clothing, food, medicines and medical attendance
were to be provided for said Africans the voyage The
contract for their transportation performed with
fidelity Approved vessels, which had been examined by
an officer of the navy at the instance of this department
well proYisoned, and with ample room, were provided,
and the result is as follows -l43 the number re,
ceived by the Marshal at Key West while under his
charge 294 died, and the survivors, numbering 3s
were delivered to the agents of the Colonization Society
On the voyage 245 died. and only S93 landed on the
coast of Africa This department is without definite in
formation as to the fate of the survivors since their
rival in Liberia


The expenses incurred by the marshal in keeping these
Africans for about six weeks including SIS 9S 60 for med
icines and medical attendance S27 $50 92 The cost
of TRANSFORMATION exclusive of the salaries of tba ot
of the government to superntend the fulment the
contract amounted to S56,900. The Of supporting
| and providing them with clothing for one year will
amount to $50 300, in the event that further mortality
shall occur among them.


During the month of August last three young Africans
found board the SLAYER W. r. Kbbey, were brought
into the port of New York, and delivered to the Uued
States Marshal for the southern district of that State
These boys were quick, sprghtly, and promising Nu.
merous applications were made by citizens to have them
bound out for term of apprentices and others
proposing that they should be placed in the Colored Or
phan Arylum, in the city of New York but, law
allowed discretion upon the subject caused them to
be delivered into the charge of the Colonization Society
for transportation to Liberia


On the 18th day of October last this department was
advised, by communication from the Secretary of the
Navy of the seizure of the hrigantine storm King
with 6l9 Africans, and also of the capture of the slave
ship Erie" with S97 Africans board and of their ar
rival at the port of MOnrova. These Africans reduced
by death S3 delivered to the agent of the Uni
ted States for liberated Africans, in state of perfect
nakedneSs who provided them at with clothing and
food At the time of the landing of these negroes the
agent of the United States informed by the Pras
dent of Liberia that, unless the government of the n
ted States should pay to the government Liberia the
same per capita consideration which been allowed
the Colonization Society for their maintenance twelve
country. The Africans landed however and the
question was referred to our government.


Upon examination, it was found that the law vested no
authority in the President Of the United States to con-
tract with the of Liberia for the sunnort M
these people, and the Colonization Society have sne
cia treaty agreement with that government allowing
them to land and maintain in that country re-capured
Africans another contract was entered into with that So
ciey for the support and clothing of these Africans for
year To carry this contract an Appropriation
gress.


The system established by the legislation Of the last
session Of Congress, by which the officers armed
vessels of the United States authorized land hosa
negroes found board captured slavers on the coast M
Africa, is regarded as both proper and economical


DISTRICT COLUMBIA.


In my annual reports for 1858 and 1859 alusion was
made to the fact that the Constitution invests Congress
with exclusive legislative control District of "
umba yet the people of the District have no voice in
choosing delegate or member to participate its coun
ellis The absence of direct responsibility on the mart
the legislative body constitutes the basis of annao1 20
its of justice and berality in theirbehaIf Tba met
is full of evidence of the generosity of Congress t tbs
district. Liberal charters have been
of Washington and Georgetown. Judges other udi.
cal officers have been provided at the eypense Of tha
United States for the administration of Justice and be
maintenance of good order; halls have been supniai for
the accommodation of courts, and Jail tie safe keen