Year: 1861

The manner of milking exerts a more
powerful and lasting influence on the pro-
ductiveness Of the cow than most farmers
are aware of. That a slow and careless
mixer soon dries up the best of cows, eve
ry practical farmer and daryman knows.
But careful examination of the beautiful
structure of the udder will serve further to
explain The proper mode of milking, to OBJ
tain and keep up the largest yield. The
udder Of COW is unique mass composed
Of two symmetrical parts, simply united to
each other by a cellular tissue, lax and We
ry abundant, and each Of these two parts
comprise two divisions or quarters, which
consist of many small granules, and are
connected together by compact Luminous
tissue; and from each quarter proceeds
systems of ducats, which form SUGGESTIVE
unions and confuences, somewhat in the
manner of the many aff1uents of largo
river, until they terminate in one grand
excretory canal, which passes down thro'
the elongated mammalian body called the
teat. It's lactiferous or milk tubes howey-
er, do not as might be supposed proceed
exactly from smaller to larger ducts by
a gradual and regular enlargement, for it
would not have been proper that the seore-
tion of milk should escape as it was form
ed and therefore we find an apparatus ad-
apted for the purpose of retaining it for a
proper time. This apparatus is to be
found both in the teat and in the internal
structure of the udder. The teat resem-
bles funnel in shape, and somewhat in
Office and it is possessed of considerable
degree of elasticity. 1t seems formed
principally Of the cuts, with some museu-
lar fbres, and it is covered on the outside
BY cuticle, like every other part Of the bo-
dy; but the cutiele here not only covers
the exterior, but also turns upwards and
lines the inside of the extremity of the teat
as far as it is contracted, and there termin-
ates by frilled edge, the rest Of the inte-
rior of the teats and duets being lined by
mucous membrane. But as the udder in
most animals is attached in a pendulous
manner to the body, and as the weight of
the column of fluid would press with q
force which would in every case overcome
the resistance of the contractions of the
extremity or prove oppressive to the teat,
there is in the internal arrangement of the
uddor provision made to obviste this diff
foulty. The various ducts as they are
united do not become gradually enlarged
so as to admit the ready flow of milk in
continual stream TO the teat, but are SO
arranged as to take of, in great measure,
the extreme pressure to which the teat
would be otherwise exposed. Each main
duct, as it enters into another, has con-
traction produced, by which kind of val
vular apparatus is formed in such man
ner as to become pouches or sacks, capable


of containing the great body Of milk. In


consequence CT this arrangement, it is
necessary that kind of movement up
wards, or lift, should be given to the I'D


der before the teat is drawn, to force out


the milk; and by this lift the milk is dis


placed from these pouches, and escapes in


to the tkat, and is then easily squeezed


cut while the contractions, or pouches, at


the same time resist, in certain degree,


the return or refux of the displaced rl.i K !"
TCoNcLUDED ON FOURTH PAcE-