Year: 1868

overseers are quite eSuent: and still more freouenr
in fact very frequent as suicides among them' even
certain, the slave population is decreasing rapidy


Up in Bahia, IN the interior OF the province. child
wretch Of mother muatto sir wSo nea nansad n S us
Ing water over II and then ran away.


The people In the capital OF Pernambuco are stir
ring themselves In the matter Of making mart oS a
telegraph line to Rio and they expect to Construct Il
to the south boundary Of their province and perhsps
pendency Of Pernambuco. piece Of q line Il con- o
structng northwards from Rio and II the province
5as q rs 0aS a
consequently with the capital Of the province o. Rio
80 q after % xa ne
telegraphy warns US not to expect much from
any line. The southern one, six hundred miles
message through and the short lines about this city
are usually useless two weeks out OF three. De-
care Of their constructions. When new road is
made at great oest the custom is to leave
II Sncared FOR until II becomes rsdoS wnen
return regarding the Southern telegraph the cost Of
making a mile Of line-namely cutting road ten
but exclusive Of the cost Of wires, insulat0rs, &o
was about $lo2, the posts being placed one hundred


The province Of Bahia, with population Of over
million inhabitants, has sent 200 men to Para
aRa Do oa has died at the
age OF one hundred and fifteen years, leaving seven.
tynine living descendants besides hftyone who died.





Brazil.


In an unusual manner One night he fastened his
line-a strong One-tO his leg and threw the baited
to seep 'o J large fish took the bay bat DRAGGED him
into the river and drowned him. Next morning his
body was recovered the fish stu fast and the 1esh
the strength OF the fish and the dreadful struggles OF
the man.


the province Of Bahia, this month and 1t was thought
more would be found. 1t Is ndubitabe that there
still exists in Brazil, Notwithstanding the vast
amount of gold and diamonds extracted In former
times, great field for mining and placer washfngi
but the mining laws discourage poor explorers, and
many Of the land owners conceal the existence OF
washingS and mines least the government should
grant concession OF them and they get dispossessed
OF their lands. There Is still some washing done IN
Minas Geraes and the other great gold producing
Provinces and down in Rio Grande do Sui there are
Keen their slaves at washing for gold IN the same
province an expedition is now searching for q very
rich silver mine which the Jesuts are said to have
worked for the purpose Of obtaining ornaments FOR
their Rio Grande mission churches and Of which
mining locality rough map was lately found IN the
archives Of the adjoining province.


The opening OF the imperial Legislature is fixed for
the Sd Of May next, and some of the Deputies ana
Senators have begun to drop In 1t is probable how
ever, that two weeks WIN be lost before getting
house in either chamber as the parties Will want TO
paign. The session Is expected to be stormy one,
for there are many points OF which the opposltion
can make capital. such as the conduct Of the war;





in elections, abuses In drafting, the troubles In
Alagoas &C. 1t Is generally believed also, that the
authority granted by the Legislature to issue paper
money has been largely exceeded and the interpella
tions on this point viii be hard to meet. However,
senior Iacharias the cnei OF te CaDne. ana
experience an accomplished and brilliant speaker
and debater, an adept in the mode OF managing new
men and a master in the useful art or cooking
and confusing financial statements so as TO
puzzle opponents and .,Hl throw W. binding polish
over monetary difficulties The Senate, though
Il
it is only In the Chamber OF Deputies that the
Ministry will have the majority. There it will have


large majority, which will support it through thick
and thin, whatever damaging attacks may be made
by the conservatives on the one side-who hold q
majority in the Senate, aud who swear by Caxias-
and the radicals on the other whO while adverse
to that Brazilian general, attack the governments
ton OF power destructive of the spirit of the const
tuition and the municipal institutions OF local self
of Brazil-whch party Includes many republicans
have good grounds for their denuncation OF the
centralizng policy pursued for many years by the
governments in power and, In point OF fact the con.
dition of the Brazilian nation is discouraging at
present to believers in the ultimate triumph OF pure
right and generous man, sincerely devoted, nrmly
believe, to the cause Of his subjects and as warmly
ally considers the mode Of doing SO en- epereur and
Is dsincined to break the power OF arie0cracy
of land and slave which forced his father to abdicae
and greatly troubled with its preentions and revos
the early days OF his rule. He thus supports the
measures and encroachments OF the ministries In aid



the ministers find this centralzng conducive TO their
stability and to their ease and love of power and
they extend their assumptions further and further
upon the undefended rights of the drowsy nation. In
this way the institutions OF Brazil are dverging daily
more and more from the principles Of
under Napoleon III, except indeed, as regards the
press still free to Righteousness. Thus the central
government appoints and removes at Will all the gov
ernors Of the provinces, the chiefs OF police 0cers
Of excessive powers the clergy the judges, &C.. the
officers Of the national guard and police and host
OF other minor provincial functionaries directly
indirectly, and even claims and exercises the right to
annu elections and remove municipal officers chosen
in the local elections OF towns and municipalities
(countes) OF course this vast amount OF patronage
aggravated by the excessive number OF unctionares
Of the mischievous Brazilian system OF manage
ment affords powerful elements for influencing the
elections, and such is practically the case even to
forcible interference by indscreet or we'll assured
officials or aspirants. While | acknowledge that
the advanced views OF the statesmen whom he
chooses for his ministers, and while the longer
study this Brazilian people the more the opinion
gains ground upon me that monarchy is the only
form Of government which Is capable, In the present
moral and political condition OF the nation OF main.
tanning 1t unity, SINCE slavehodng, territorial
oligarchy, still In great measure without the unit
ing influence OF large commercial and capitalstic
population, and almost entirely wanting in what CON
people knowing Its rights and prompt to defend
ct s s oy the the nsms
Emperor, supported as 1t Is by general conviction
Of the worthlness OF the man. has the capability to
Of each other and above all OF the metropolis and the
rendering them, like Mexico the mere battle fields OF
ogarchcal family struggles for the power In each.
While, l say I acknowledge this and sympathiSe
with the breaking down of the power and influence
of an obstructive aristocracy based on slavery and
monopoly OF land, 1t Is impossible not TO be alarmed
at the rapid progress made towards rendering the
Brazilian government the government OF the bureau.
cray and towards destruction OF the municipal nstt'
tutions in the exercise OF whose rights OF selgov-
ernment exist the only hopes OF accustomng sucn 9
people to real liberty and sei-government, anu or
training them for the high destinies which ree ano
energetic people might attain to In the Wide scope
and favorable circumstances presented by this rich
and magnificent country.


SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE


In a lecture recently held at Stena, Italy, some