Year: 1869

WITH stones being supplied from the quarry Of Gex,
near Alexandria, but this course was found to en-
tail great cost and delay, and the men who had
made the little island in the Mediterranean deter
mined to make also the stones for the breakwater.
They established mandatory on the seashore,
and by an ingenious process moulded, OF SAND
mixed with lime, blocks Of clay weighing twenty
tons piece. These being exposed for due season
to the sun and air. became hard as granite, and OF
them are built the breakwaters, which, stretching
out into the sea-one distance OF q mile and half
and the other OF upwards Of o mile make the


HARBoR OF PORT SAID.


While the break waters were being built and the har
Dor deepened, and town growing up on the narrow
belt OF sand the construction Of the canal itself was
vigorously pushed on. The course from SEQ to sea
being definitely marked out the work was simulta-
neously commenced along the whole line, gangs Of
men being told on for stations fixed at equi-ds-
tances Machinery Of the most ingenious design
and upon the vastest scale was introduced, and,
with an unlimited supply OF nardy workmen, the
canal was growing spacs, when. In 1862, events
occurred which threatened to put an end to the
work altogether. Three years earlier, when
the Sultan saw the work actually commenced,
and perceived from the character OF the
men engaged in 1t that It was very likely
to be carried on to the end, he ordered the Vice
roy to send away the Frenchmen. and it was
only upon the intervention Of the Emperor that he
withdrew The Injunction Now, again. In q manner
more peremptory than before, he interposed, for
bade the vceroy to permit his feahs to labor upon
the Canal and declared null and void the nrman OF
1885, which conceded to the company the lands
necessary for the works. Before this mandate OF his
lege lord the viceroy Of Egypt was powerless, the
fellahs were withdrawn, and the works came vlr-
tnally to standstill. Attempts were made to sup
ply the place OF the natives by an importation OF Eu
ropean navves but under the sun which beats upon
the sands OF the Isthmus but or the negro
can DO fair days digging and live, and, till the
matter at issue was settled, the managers fain
to be content with holding the way already made.
Again the Emperor OF France came to
the rescue, and being appointed arbiter,
he early in 1864 effected an arrangement
by which the works were resumed under
pretty nearly the circumstances those under
which they were carried on previous to the Sutan's
interdict. Here ends the record OF the exceptional
difficulties with which the promoters OF the Suez
Canal have had to DEAL The history of the last five
years Is simply chronicle OF daily progress and Is
best summed up In the statement OF the fact that the
canal Is now ready for opening.


THE NAVIGATION OF THE SUBJ CANAL-oFFICIAL


REGULATIONS AND RULES.


The code regulations for the transit of vessels
the SueZ Canal were issued some time since by M.
de Lesseps During the Inauguration OF the canal
there will be charge made and these regulations
will not into force until the 2st OF the present
month OF November. Ships Of oil nations are per-
mitted to use the canal the sole condition being that
they do not draw more than twenty-four
and half feet the canal being twenty-six
and a quarter feet deep. Steamboats, may be
propelled in the ordinary manner, but sailing vessels
over nfsy tons must be towed BY the companys
service The maximum speed OF vessels in the
canal is fixed Professionally at about six miles an
hour Navigation IL allowed during the night on
condition OF fares being kept up and strict watch
maintained. Tho commanders OF vessels are forbid
den anchor In the canal or TO throw earth or rub
bish overheard, and II anything should fall over
board which they are anxious TO recover they are
forbidden to try to recover it themselves, but
must give notice at the nearest station.


THE CHANGE FOR TRANSIT


from one sea to the other Is ten francs per ton and
ten francs per passenger, and the cost OF towage is
fixed at two francs per ton. The pilot who must be
retained board In case OF stoppage, Is to cnarge
twenty francs day. reduction OF this charge is,
however, to be made on those vessels which are
towed


RULES OF NAVIGATION.


The following are the oflcial regulations for the
navigation OF the Suez canal -


l. Navigation on the Suez Maritime Canal is per-
mitted to all vessels whatever their nationality,
provided they DO not draw more than seven metres
and half or water; the canal being eight metres
deep. Steam vessels may navigate by means OF their
own steam power. Sailing vessels, about 90 tons
burden, must be t0wed BY the service established for
this purpose by the company. Steamers requiring
to be towed viii arrange by special contract Every
vessel towed VIII provide It's own towline.


2. The maximum speed OF vessels on the canal is
Professionally fixed at 10 kilometres an hour.


s, Every SHIP exceeding 100 tons burden must take
pilot employed by the company, who Is bound to
furnish every information az to the route to be fol.
lowed the captain remaining responsible for the
conduct ana handling OF the vessel.


T. When vessel requiring TO pass the canal has
taken up her moorings at Port Said or at Suez the
captain 10 70 enter his vessel at the ONCE and to Hay