Year: 1859

She occupi sn important position between the Gulf and


the ocean for -snst rates and for Is pos
sbie that such country this be given up anar
chy and ruin without effort any quarter for ts
rescue and safet,f win the commercial nations
world, which have many interests connected with
remain wholly indifferent resuli9 Can the United
States, especially which ought share largely
commercial intercourse allow their immediate neighbor
thus TO destroy itself and injure them?


Yet without support from quarter is imp ssibe
nations and upon which promises any gord
results The aid which she requires The inter
ests OF all COMMERCIAL res require that she should
have It belongs to this Government render not only
by virtue Of our neghborhood to Mexico, along whose
territory we have q continuous frontier Of nearly
thousand miles, by aso of our established pol


icy, which is inc nsistent with the Intervention Of any
The wrongs which we have suffered from Mexico are
before the world and must deeply impress every American
citizen government which is either unable unwilling


to redress such wrongs is derelct It's highest duties
The difficulty consists in selecting and enforcing the
dy We may in vain apply Constitutional government
at Vera Cruz although is well disposed 70 do as justice,


for adequate redress. Whist its authority acknowIedg
ed in all the imp rant ports and throughout the
MEXICO States vcnity where nearly all the
recent outrages have been committed American ct
zens.


We penetrate interior before we can reach
the OFFENDERS and this only be dons by passing through
the territory in the occupation Of the Constitutional
| ernment.


The acceptable and least difficult mode Of accom-
pshing the object win be act in concert with that gov
ernment Their and their aid might believe be
obtained but not obligation 20 protect cit
zens in their just rights secured by treaty would be
the less imperative For these reasons. recommend to
Congress to pass Law authorizing the President under
such conditions they may deem expedent to employ
sufficient military force to enter Mexico for the purbose
Of obtaining for the past and security for the
future. purposey refrain from any suggestion as to
whether this force shall consist of regular troops volun
teers BOTH This question may be most appropriately
left decision Congress would merely observe
that should volunteer, be selected such force could be
easily raised in this country among those ympathzs
the suerings Of our unfortunate fellow citizens in
Mexico and with the unhappy condition OF that republic
Such an to the forces of the gov
In The tv of MoNi
an extend its power the whole republic In that
event there is to doubt that the just claims OF
citizens would be satisfied and adequate redress OBJ
tanned for the injuries inflicted upon them The Consttu


ona have evinced strong desire do
MS justice, and this might be secured in advance By pre-
| hninary treaty.


1t may be said that these wi at Indirect
y be inconsistent with wise and settled policy not to
interfere in the domestic concerns Of foreign nations But
does the present fairly constitute exception
An adjoining Republic in state of anarchy and confusion
from which she has proved wholly unable to sxtrcate
SELF is entirely destitute of tie power maintain
upon her borders or to the incursons Of


in her power to establish and maintain settled govern.
mentwe have far deeper interest socially, commercial
| IT, and politically than any other nation She is now
wreck upon the drifting abont she smpeled by
different factions As good neighbo sha extend
to her helping hand to her? II do not would
not be surprising should other nation undertake the
task and thus force to interfere at last under
stances of increased difficulty for the maintenance Of
| establ shed policy


Irepeat the recommendation contained In last
al age that authority may be given to the Predento
establish temporary military posts the
Mexican line In Sonora and Chihuahua where these may
be necessary protect the lives and properly Amer
can Mexican citizens against tie incursions dep
Iedstons Of the Indians well of lawess in
that gon. The estab ishment of such post
at point called Arispe, in Sonora in country al
most depopuated by the hostile nrosds of the Indi ns


from side of the line would it is Relieved have pre-
vented much injury and many cruetes during the past
distant frontier. Life and property there wholly
cure. The population of Arizona numbering
than ten thousand SOULS practically of Gov
0F adrni0i
tice Murder, rapine and other crimes cOmmi ted
with immunity i, therefore, again call the Of
Congress to the necessity for establishing territorial
ernmr mt over Ar z1nia.


The treaty Nicaragua 18th February 1851 to
which referred In my last annual message failed to


i've the ratification Of the Government Of that Republic
for which need not enumerae. similar treaty
on the 10th March, 1882 which already been rsih d
by the Nicaraguan Congress This will be Immediately
submitted the Senate for their rattle alton. Its pfovi
cannot nk fail to be acceptable to the people Of
boh countries.


Our claims against the governments Costa R'ca
Nicaragua remain though they prefsed
in manner and not without hope of


deem it to be my duty earnestly to recon-
mend to Congress the passage of Law authorizing the
President employ the naval force at his command for
the pu pose protecting the lives and property Of Ame
citizens passing in transit the Panama Nicas
gua ehauntepec routes against sudden ard awless
outbreaks and depredations shall not repeat the
ments employed in former messages in pport of this
measure. Srce it say that the lives Of many OF
people, and the security OF vast amounts Of treasure pass
ing and repassng more of these routes be-
the Atlantic and Pacific may be deeply involved in
the action OF Congress on this subject


would also again recommend to Congres that author
ity be given the President employ the naval
protect American Derchan. vessels their and
goes against violent and lawiess seizures and conscson
In the ports of Mexc and the Spanish American States
when these countries nay be in disturbed aid revolu-
tionsry condition The mere knowledge that such
thorty had been conferred, have already sta'ed,
would ITSELF great degree, prevent the evil Nesher
would this require additional appropriation for the


The chief objection urged against grant Of this
thority is that Congress- by comforting IT, would violate
making or strictly speaking the wardecl4 M power to
the Executive. If this were wen founded, il would OF
be conclusive very tIief examinat n, hoWey-
er, will place this OF lection at rest.


Congress possess the sole and exclusive power, under
the Con stntion, o declare Ihev alone raise
and support armies and provide and maintain navy"
after Congress shall declared and provided
the force to carry on the President as Com
maner in Of he Army and Navy, can alone employ
this force in maxi against the enemy Tbs is the
plain language, and history proves that il the we'll
klown inteilior of the trainers Of the Consultation.


It will not be denied that the general to declare
war" without Imitation and embracs within itself not
only what writer's the Law Of nations pubic
perfect war; but also imperfect war-and, IN Short,
every species of hostility, however confined Ii tied.
without the authority Of Congress the President can not
r hostile gun in case except to repel the attacks
of n enemy. l: will doubte' that this pow
Congress could, if they thought proper, authorize the
vessel belonging to an American citizen which had been


illegally and justly captured in foreign port and re-
store it to its owner.


But can Congress only the factafter the mis-
chic has been donef Have they power to confer
the President the authority in advance furnish infant
redress should such A case wards occur? Must they
until mischief has been and they apply
the remedv only when IL is too late? To confer this an
thory future unfer circumstances str city
specified Is clearly within the wal caring power as
authority conferred upon the President by act Of
Congress afte the I'D had been done In IN. progress
recurring Congress should authorize the Preiddentto
act promptly nditiou> witch may not
afterwards arise Our hist ry has already presented
number of such cases. shall refer only tu the latest


Under the resolution Of June 81, 1885, for the adjust
went o. difficulties with the republic of Paraguay, the
President is ~authorz-d to adopt such mea
such in his judgment msy BE- necessar and adv


e ~ . =, .In, sssfar,;r 70, that
BJr "the at ack the United States steamer Water
Witch and other matters referred to in the annual mes
sage of the President" Here the power is expressly
granted upon the condition that the government Of Para
quay shs refuse to render this 'just satisfaction" In
this and other similar cases. Congress have conferred upon
the President power in advance TO employ army and
navy upon the happening OF contingent future events and
this tainly is embraced within the power to de
clare


Now this conditional and cont ngent power could be
conttutonay conferred upon the President in the
of PARAGUAY why not be conferred for the purpose
OF protecting the lives and properly of American citizens
in the event IN At they may be violently
tackled passing and from Cali
fornia assaed by the seizure Of their vessels IN or
eign port To deny this is to render The navy in
degree for the protection Of the lives AMI
property of American citizens in countries VIII re neither
protect redress can be otherwise obtained


1859 without having passed the act making Apr priaons
the service Of the Post Once De'aTtment dur the
nsca year eDoing June ms ACT
appropriation supply Deficiencies in the
of the Post OH Department for the year end TIE 9th
June 1889" believe this the st instance since the
origin Of the Federal Government than seventy
years ago. when Congress cut OF existence with
out hav ng passed all the general appropriation i'll
cessay carry the nment until tho regular perd
for the meeting Ct new Congress This event imposed
on the Executive grave responsible y. 1t preserved
choice of evils.


Had this omission duty occurred at the srst session
the last Congress the remedy would have been pla
might then have instantly recalled them to complete their
WoTk-and this without expense TO the Government But
90 .he rneen OF the thir