Year: 1868

forty bushels and one peck per acre
lit is proper to add that a dressing ol
bone dust at the rate of four hundred
pounds per acre, is given as a manure
for the wheat; and also that in one
case, in very unfavorable season, only
i've bushels per acre were obtained, the
grain appearing to fail in forming
Bone dust is found much moro reliable
than per-phosphate, the latter being
quite uncertain in its results. The Med
literransan wheat is sown. .,,a.s


After trying many sorts of potatoes,
the Goodrich varieties are found most
certain and productive. The Early
Goodrich yielded, the present season,
two hundred and eighty bushels from
an acre, W hen older sorts nearly failed.
The potato crop is sometimes allowed
to precede wheat in the rotation, but ii
is generally preferred to plant them
aside on separate ground, not subjected
to the regular course. Carrots have
yielded nine hundred and eighty bush
els per acre, and mangel wurtzel about
twelve hundred bushels; but these were
extraordinary crops.


The meadows average over two tons.
kCare is taken to pasture them but lit
tie in autumn, close pasturage being
considered. as the worst kind of treat.
ment they could receive. After expert
menting with clover seed at different
periods, it has been found to succeed
best when sown very early ia spring,
Just at the time when the surface is
crumbled by the frost leaving the
ground. a field was shown me- how
ever, which was sown with oats about
the middle of last April, at the rate of q
bushel per acre, and the clover seed
added when the narrowing was COM
pieted, and covered with a. fine brush.
never saw better and denser growth
under similar circumstances. This
success was obviously owing in part to
the small quaRtity of oats sown, being
about one-third the usual amount. The
heads, however, filled so heavily, that
the crop of grain was as large as usual
an interesting fact In favor of the
opinion of those who advocate light
seeding. The proprietor showed me o
field purchased a yearin the usual man
ner, had failed, but which had been re-
seeded with entire success last spring,
by first giving the surface thorough
narrowing. 4 GO 10 ..


Much of this farm was originally COW
cred with large number of rocks and
boulders, which have been removed aud
placed in stone walls or used for under
draining. When drawn off, they are
not thrown into promiscuous heaps,
but assorted into three kinds-the large
ones for the base of stone walls, small
round ones for covering the channels of
underdrains. The removal of all these
has been at an average expense of
about seventy dollars per acre.


The sale of milk for the New York
market constitutes large share of the
profits of the farm. The Ayrshires and
their grades are regarded as the best,
and the annual gross yield from each
COW is q hundred aud twenty-five dol
lars. The best animals are about two
thirds Ayrshire and onethird Short
Horn. Although they are allowed TO
come into milk at seasons of the year,
so as to keep up regular supply, the
most profitable are those which come in
about the first of November, the price of
milk being nearly double in winter.
They are always soilcd at night in sum-
mer, after being driven in from the pas
ture-this additional feeding proving
an impoI tant advantage. The earliest
feed cut for soilun- - Sys', ,f"'i0"eu ny
vats, IneA clover, and lastly corn. On
the approach of winter, they are fed
with three or four quarts daily of a
mixture of bran and meal, besides one
to two pecks of roots. One can easily
imagine the amount of milk which such
feeding, in connection with shelter,
would cause the animals to yield. The
practice is adopted here, as on many
other farms in this region, of sowing
turnips with corn at the time or just
before the last hoeing. On good land
they succeed we'll, and yield hundred
bushels or upwards per acre, without
any further attention, and afford good
late autumn food for cattle; on poor
soils they would prove failure. They
arc fed to milch cows during milking,
and in this way no turnip taste is inn
parted to the milk that has been de-
tected. The Yellow Aberdeen tHrnip is
preferred, being more solid aud nutri-
tive than other varieties.


The fruit raised on the place is an
other important source of revenue, es-
pccially the apple crop when converted
into vinegarC Good apples are worth
three dollars per barrel for this pur-
nose; and SO excellent is the vinegar
manufactured from them, that it sells
at sixty cents per gallon in New York
city, when the common market price is
only thirty cents. The following is the
process adopted: The cider, after being
made, is stored in the cellar for winter.
A large number of casks, each with
capacity of two hundred gallons, have
been kept on hand many years, nearly
half filled with the best vinegar some
of which were shown me, fifty or sixty
years old, having been continually used
for this manufacture by the father and
grandfather of the present owner. On
the approach of warm weather, from
two to four pals of cider are added to
each of these casks per week, by pump
ing up from the cellar through a hose
pipe-previ0us to which addition an
equal amount of vinegar is Withdrawal
for market. This small proportion of
cider being added to the larger quanti-
ty of vinegar, is changed to perfect vim
erar in less than week. II the vine
gar in the casks were in small quantity,
the addition of n larger portion of cider
would destroy it, aud the whole pro-
cess would prove failure. By these
weekly additions, about hundred and
twenty gallons are made from each cask
annually before the arrival of cold
weather. All the cider made on tho
I.place is thus converted into vinegar,
the owner being unwilling to contri-
butte to the manufacture of ofintoxicatips
drink. 2 O. e.r.


A pear orchard Of three acres, con-
tanning about three hundred tracs, was
shown to me, to prove the ilnpoiicy of
ttransplanting large trees. These had
been bought alta nursery at cost of
one dollar each, although migrated, on
account of their large size since which
time they have all been worked over to
good varieties Asmall portion ofthem
have grown aud succeeded we'll, but
the larger part have refused to grow
with any vigor, and have remained fee
BILE and stunted. There has been no
want of care and cultivation, the
ground having been occupied with
hoed root crops, and its fertility shown
by the fact that about thousand bush