Year: 1865

oether in it This variety shows itself under
| different aspects. with features more or less
marked. Sometimes it is a complete separa-
ton of idioms, of local traditions, of political
sentiments. and sort OF instructive enmity
distinguishing from the great national mass the
population of few small districts and some
times mere difference of dialect or even Of
accent, marks, though more feebly, the limit
OF the settlements of races Of men, once
thoroughly distinct and hostile to each other" "


II nlteen centuries of common government
and political union have not been able to oD-
literate the distintions and even the - lnstinc-
tive enmity" of races which were physically
similar, what encouragement have we that sue
cess will attend forced political fusion OF bit
terly hostile races from the antipodes OF the
human family?


The process by which even the comparative
unity Of the English people was achieved, is
described by the Same philosophic historian
whom have quoted, near the close of his
great work. as complete amalgamation" of
the Norman and Saxon idioms, and mixture
of the two races, which it took four centuries
of sanguinary war to accomplish.


just stepping as we are from the battlefield
on which the descendants of common ances-
try, so little removed from us that we can lite
rally reach back our hands to grasp those of
our common sires, have waged the most terri
BILE and tremendous of modern wars 1t does
not become US to argue that peaceful discus
sions will quietly settle differences which in
former times were settled by the sword; but
the memory of the almost present, as well as
of the remote past, calls upon us to build our
well as reason prove to be durable, and more
than ever to avoid deluding ourselves with
the cry of ''peace, peace, when there is no
peace"


As, during those weary years of war, 1 have
pondered this problem in the intervals of strife
or by the camp fire at night, have been more
and more impelled to the belief that the only
in complete homogenity OF people, OF manners
and Of laws. The rapid fusion of the races of
Western Europe, as they have met upon our
shores, has secured the former of these requi-
sites. and the Yankee race q adopt the epithet
as an honorable one) marked as it is with sali-
ent characteristics, is SO complete an amalga-
nation of all families from the eastern bound
ary Of Germany to the western coast OF Ire
land, that there are few OF US in whose veins
are not mixed the blood of several. But this
unhappy race Of which we are speaking does
not amalgamate with the rest. It is entirely
immateria to discuss why 1t is SO; the fact no
one can deny; nor can it be denied that its sal
walton or its destruction will surely be worked
out in its family isolation.


Because there could be no real unity of peo-
pie between the southern white and the SOUTH
ern blacks, it seems manifest to me that there
could be no political unity, but rather strife
| for the mastery, in which the one or the other
would go to the wall.


The struggle for supremacy would be direct
and immediate, and see no hope whatever
that the weaker race should not be rdeced to
hopeless subsection, or utterly. de f41ed:
| There is no reason to suppose that Wnqari
border rufianism could never be repeated on
new fields, and the strife once inaugurated the
| merciless war would continue as long as the
obnoxious race had an existence. You have
expressed your anticipation of such result in
one state of the case, how is it that you do not
see that direct struggle for power at the bal


hold that there is great philosophic truth
in the words of GuiZot, in summing up the
! eight centuries of bloodshei out of which the
| French emerged into nationality from the pet
ty races and tribes. He says: In the life Of
nations, that union which is exterior and visi
Bile, the unity of name and of government, al
| though important, is by 40 means the first in
importance, the most real, or that which
makes indeed one nation. There is unity
which is deeper and more powerful: it is that
which results not merely from identity of gov
ernment and of destiny, but from the homoge-
nifty OF social elements, from the likeness OF
institutions, of manners. of ideas, of tastes, OF
tongues; the unity which resided in the men
| themselves when society assemblies, and not in
the forms of their associations; in shert, that
moral unity (runite morale) which is far more
important than political unity, and which is
the only solid foundation for the latter"


have watched with deep interest the edu'
catiOnal effect of the war upon our own army,
and / assure you that whilst our white soldiers
have uniformly and quickly learned to appre
ciate the fact that the existence of our free
government could only be preserved by the
destruction of the system of slavery, and SC
became radically and thoroughly aItislavery,
the tendency of battling for the old flig was
almost equally uniform in increasing and deep.
| which cannot safely be overlooked in any cal
culation involving their action upon the polit
ical problems before the country, and it is one
in regard to which l think l can hardly be mis-
taken.


The details of any system of separation
could only be determined by careful study and
| q wide comparison of views. Suppose, how
ever that without breaking up the organiza
ton of any State, you take contiguous terrific
ry in South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama ani
Florida, and there, under the sovereignty o.
the United States, and with all the facilities
which the power and wealth of the govern
ment can give. we organize the freedmen in {
dependency of the Union analogous to ths
| western territories. Give them schools, law.
facilitating the requirement of homesteads, tc
be paid for by their own labor, full and exclu
sive political privileges, aided at the start
should it seem necessary, BY wise selections
from the largest brains and most philanthropit
hearts among antislavery men, to join them
judiciary or executive which would command
their confidence in the first essays of politica
existence. .


There need be no coersive collection of th'
colored race in the designated region the ma
jority are there now, and the reward of pOliti
cal power would draw thither the remainde
quite as rapidly as their place could be sup
piled by white immigration into other States
The forts and seaport cities could remain un
der the direct control of the Federal Govern
ment as the basis for that common trade anl
intercourse with the other parts OF the countr,
and the world which woald be necessary. Thl
fullest opportunity to develop the highest civ
ilization they are capable Of would then b,
given. Colored men of talent and intelligence
would not then make vain struggles for ths