smithclay/nortonstories huggingface dataset:
Year: 1864

For every mile that we leave the surface OF
the earth's temperature falls five degrees
At forty-fiye miles distance from the globe,
we get beyond the atmosphere, and enter,
strictly speaking, into the regions Of space,
whose temperature is 225 degrees below zero,
and here cold ieigus with ali its powef.-I
Some idea 81 this intense cold tidy be formed
BY stating that the greatest cold observed in
the Arctic Circle is from 40 to 60 deg. below
zero and here many surprising effects are
produced. In the chemical laboratory, the
greatest cold that we can produce Is about
$50 degrees below zero. At this tempera-
ture, carbonic gas becomes a solid substatice
like snow. II touched, it produces Just the
same effect on the skin as d red hot cinder,
it blisters the finger like burn. Quicksil-
yer or mercury freezes at 40 degrees below
zero that is, u degrees below the tempera-
ture at which water freezes. This solid mer-
curry may then be treated Us other metals,
hammered into sheets or made into spoons
such spoons would, however, melt in water
warm as ice. 1t is pretty certain that every
liquid and gas that we are acquainted with
would become solid il exposed TO the cold OF
the regions of space. The gas we light our
streets with would appear wax oil would be
in reality "as hard as rock;" pure spirit,
which we have never yet solidihed, would
appear like block Of transparent crystal;
hydrogen gas would become quite solid, and
resemble metal we should be able to turn
butter in a lathe like piece Of ivory; and
the fragrant odors of flowers would have to
be made hot before they would yield per-
fume. These are a few Of the astonishing
oEanfa of cold
Year: 1864

People say that the war is drawino
TO T. close, that cessation of hostili-
ties is TO he asked for, G,c. We hone
it may he so; but we hope too, that
those who will have the interests OF
the North in their keeping will insist
on the total abolition of Slavery. II
this be not done, what will we have
gained by tie war; Allow Slavery ia
raise its head again, and our efforts
and branch without mercy, without
hesitation; destroy 1t with every dem.
onstration Of honor for its memory.
and we will have gained much by the
war. The unity OF the nation will hc
preserved, peace will hc on as sure u
basis rs aught in this world can be,


and other nations will not mock us
when they point ut Our battle field,
and say-tlle men of the north died
in vain. We must have some com
pcnsatIon for the blood and treasure


which we have been forced to spend
this we will find in the abolition ol
Slavcry.---Catholic Telegraph.
Year: 1864

troubles, because we do not heed the warn
ing voice of the pilot to whom we refuse
the power to grasp the helm, by refusing to
control the overwhelming issues Of the
State banks,


In times of peace, such was our inherent
strength that, 30 long ms Government retain
ed the right Of coinage, the over issues of
the banks only impcdcd our progress with
out mperiling our existence; they imperil
our very existence, and the question now
presents itself Shall the Government regu-
late the currency and save the people, or
shall the banks continue to entronch them.
selves at the expense Of the Government
until We are all overwhelmed in one COM
mon ruin2


This is now with the representatives of
the people to decide, and We hope they will
decide promptly, firmly, and patriotically.
The life Of the nation is superior to every
vested interest in it, be it slavery in the
South, or banks in the North.
Year: 1864

have been dissipatcd, and when our indie.
pendonce, by the vaor and iortitude of our
people, shall have been won against all the
hostile influences combined against us, and
can no longer be ignored by open foes or
professed neutrals, n record will be cXhib-
tied of many wrongs which it may not dis


become us TO forgive, some for which We
may not properly iorbear from demanding
re!ress. In the meantime il is enough for
us to know that every avenue Of ncgotia-
tion is closed against us; that our enemy
is making renewed and strenuous efforts for
our destruction, and that tho sole recourse
for u.s. ~ a people secure in the justice of
our cause and holding our liberties to be
more precious than all other earthly pos
sessions, is to combine and apply every
available element Of power for their deiense
and preservation,
Year: 1864

WASHINGTON, April so, 1861


A military friend who has just passed
some days at the headquarters in Cupcppcr
has given me an account Of his visit, and
of the habits Of the Lieutenant General,
that am glad to transcribc Gen. Grant
mcssos with his staff in n house in the vii
lage; and at his table sits familiarity with
every member Of his military family. The
expenses Of the mess are divided among the
ten, not in equal proportions exactly, but
in manner that is satisfactory to all
There is not the slightest attempt ut show
or parade in the furniture or cquipage ;
everything is for use and economy Of trouble
and space.


The crockery is scanty. and Of the plain
est, and the fare, though sufficient in guam
tity, is just as homey as that OF any thrifty
and careful mechanic in your city. A chop
with Il cup of coffee for breakfast bit of
roast beet, with potatoes and "hard tack" :"
confronting a dish Of pork and greens -
served up for the five o'clock dinner.
which was concluded without pastry or
desert. a cup of tea and bit of bread and
butter at eight and half o'clocl, finishes
the day. The beds are simply camp cots
some with and others without mattresses ;
and all the toilet apparatuSes any where Wis
ible where few tin wash basins, moderate
supply of towels a bit of looking glass and
n horn comb. At the table neither distilled
liquor nor wine is permitted. IheGeneral
will not have either about him, for his own
or others use.


The inventory Of the Generals baggage
when he made his brilliant campaign in
the rear of Vicksburg is, | take it well re-
mcmbored--a brar wood telescope and
tooth brush. In what relates to personal
adornment and, outside OF the necessity of
eating and drinking personal comfort, he
has not greatly enlarged his possessions
His three stars indicate his exalted rank
bItto say nothing of the charms which, in
soldiers eyes, these glittcring marks Of
rank possess, | doubt if there is commits
stoned officers in his army who is as plainly
clad as he. His clothes are worn thread
bare. and despite the steady brushing of
Year: 1864

Men who have a dozen irons in the fire
are not the ones to go crazy. 1t is the man
of voluntary or compelled leisure who mopes,
and pines, and thinks himself into the mad
house or the grave. Motion is all natures
law. Action is mans salvation, physical
and mental And yet nine out of ten are
wistfully looking forward to the coveted
hour when they shall have leisure to do
nothing, or something only if they feel like
1.-THE very siren that has lured to death
many successful man. He is only truly
wise who lays himself out to work till hfe's
latest hour, and that is the man who will
live the happiest and to the best purpose.


The total valuation of taxable property in
the city of Sacramento, is $5,917, $50 of
which Sl50,655 is assessed as property
whose owner is not known. The city tax is
13 mills on the dollar
Year: 1864

KEEP AN EYE Upon Your VALUABLEs.
Those who know, state that among the
recent emigrants from California are some
of the worst characters that have ever been
in that State. They will probably fare as
their predecessors have in this country but
in the meantime it would be we'll for all
here, who have occasion, to exercise little
extra vigilance.
Year: 1864

CHANGE OF PRoGRAMME.-It is stated,
unoficially, that change of programme
has been made in regard to the consolidation
of the Washington Territory Infantry, and
that the Regiment is not to be consolidated
but is to be filled up by enlistments or 9th
erwise. The more timid anticipate draft
OF course, if the regiment is to be filed
there will be a chance for Colonelcy.
Year: 1864

MINING ON SNAKE RIVERA party of
miners are at work on Snake river a few
miles above the mouth of the Palouse, and
about forty miles distant from this city
making from five to eight dollars per day.
They state that prospects for the same wages
can be obtained upon number of bars be-
tween there and Lewiston.
Year: 1864

FIRST PACK TRAIN FOR KooTENAI.--
Mr.. Day will leave this city next week with
pack train of fifteen or twenty animals,
loaded with miners merchandise, for the
Kootenai mines This is the first pack
train of the season for that country.
Year: 1864




The New York Journa of Commerce,
a paper owing allegiance to no party, says,
in times like the present there is a tendency
to extreme views on public questions, and
that tendency produces now such broad
and decided line between various persons
and parties that it cannot but be regarded
as one of the most dangerous features of
our difficult and dark position as a nation.
The radical party encourages the most vio-
lent treatment of its opponents, and those
opponents are in many instances induced to
rush to extreme views against radicals and
radicalism. Looking to the future, to the
great efforts of the war, to the end which
ought to be brought out of our present
troubles, none can doubt that reunited
people, nation calmly pursuing its old
course of prosperity in peace, is the point
which ought to be reached. The divisions
of the nation ought to be healed. But the
radicals insist on extermiuating the evils
which they think dwells in the very consti-
tuition of southern societS, and therefore
their method of restoring union is simply
to compel the enemy to submit, and ac-
knowledge themselves thoroughly and hope
lessly whipped. Here then, is the first
great division-not only that between reb-
els and all northern men but that helpless
division between the radicals and the in
habitants of the slave States. But there is
large party in the north-full one half,
probably three-fourths of the people of the
northern States-who are willing and anx-
ious to repair the breach and have the
southerners return to their old Union, peace
ably and quietly as heretofore. Against
this position of the northern population the
radicals fight with more ferocity than against
the rebels For the radical party would
willingly, if it dared, give up the contest
and say to the slave States, "Go in peace;"
but they are mingled hopelessly among the
conservatives, and must live in the same
towns, villages and homes with them. Yet
they contrive to cultivate a most bitter ha-
tired toward them, invent opprobrous names
to apply to them, and exhaust the catalogue
of billingsgate phrases in expressing their
intense animosity to them. This, of course,
makes great divisions, and opens almost
hopeless chasms between political parties =
A radical can hardly keep his temper in
conversation with conservative. He can
not omit telling him that he is sympathi-
ser with rebellion. He regards it as duty
to insult him, and is astonished if the insult
is resented Radical newspapers say "served
him right" when they publish accounts Of
mobs i'll treating conservative editors or pol
iticians, but they howl in astonishment and
dismay when the mob attacks their own
friends It has been for two years a re-
ceived doctrine among the radical politicians,
that a conservative had no personal or polit-
ical rights which they were bound to re-
spect, but that radicals were under all the
constitutional and legal projections which
ever existed.
Year: 1864

DROUGHT IN CALIFORNIA Our Cali
fornia exchanges are full of lamentations for
want of rain. Every county is suffering,
and the prospects of the grain harvest are
very gloomy. From Contra Costa, one of
the most productive districts in the State,
a letter states =


"Everything is drying up; and if we do
not have rain soon the cattle will die of
starvation. The hills look as dry and brown
as in summer time. Our crops, so far, look
pretty well. The wheat looks green and
fresh but the barley shows the want of
rain, the leaves are yellow and dry The
weather is as warm as in July; and if it
continues for any length of time, vegetation
will be parched from the face of the earth" :"


We might quote column of similar re-
ports, and we are convinced, therefore, that
the alarm is not merely for speculative pur-
poses, but is real and is likely to effect the
price of grain very sensibly. The farmers
of Oregon ought, in view of this state
of things, to be more than usually active in
their arrangements for great harvest
Those who secure good crops will be sure of
large prices-greater we believe than any
which have been paid for ten years. The
best mines this summer will be the farms of
the Willamette valley. There is no mis-
take about it, and we hope their owners will
understand it and cultivate every acre pos
sible."- Oregonian.


We entirely agree with the Oregonian
in its remarks with one exception, and that
is we substitute the farms of the Walla
Walla valley, as the best mines for the sea-
son, in place of those of the Willamette
With the large emigration this summer to
the mines of the upper country, will be
a greatly increased demand for the staple
products Of the country, and it especially
behooves our farmers to cultivate all the
ground possible in order to meet this de-
mand The farmer who would neglect his
place or rush off to the gold mines this
spring, with such glowing prospects at home
in his favor, would deserve to be poverty
stricken all the days of his life.
Year: 1864

CHINESE EXCLUDED.-W have received
the following from Pierce City, relative to
the action of the Miners meeting recently
held in that district for the purpose of ia
king into consideration the expediency of
introducing Chinese labor in that camp;


WHEREAS, We, the citizens of Shoshone
County, and miners of Orc Fino District,
believe that the true interests of this com
munity, as well as that of Idaho Territory,
requires the exclusion from our midst Of
the Chinese, and all similar races; there
fore,


ResolUed, That we wish it to be distinctly
understood by Cinnamon, and by all persons
who may feel desirous of introducing Chi
nese labor into this camp, that there is a
large majority Of all the citizens here, who
are opposed to such a measure.


ResoLoed, That we are determined to use
to the utmost of our power, all honorable
means to prevent the presence of such a
population here.


ResolUed, That we will cherish the hope
and belief that the citizens of all the mining
camps in this Territory, and elsewhere, will
approve of our action in this matter, and
that they will cordially cooperate with US,
to the end that they may preserve our young
country from this great social nuisance and
enemy of all civilization


BY adopting the foregoing resolutions,
the miners of Orc Fino have efectually
played out the Chinese labor hobby in that
section, and the probability is that the sen
timent embodied in the resolutions will be
approved by large majority of the miners
throughout Idaho Territory.
Year: 1864

AGGREGATE LABOR OF MASKIND.-Along
with the compassion that is excited by listening
TO tale of want, there is apt to arise, at that
time, q feeling of astonishmeut that such a
thing should be in land like this. Perhaps,
however, the true wonder is that want is not
universal One-half of those who survive the
period of childhood are women who do not, as
a general thing, contribute directly to the pro-
ductiou Of wealth. OF the men, many are sick,
many are old, many are idle, many are wasteful,
many are parasites. Those who do work, and
live 10 the age of three score years and ten,
spend one third Of their lives in bed, one TWEEN
tieth at TIE table. one-siXth in recreation.
Much of their time is wasted in mistakes, much
of what they succeed in producing is swept
away by FIRE and food. During half of the
the YEAR nature sleeps One harvest in FIVE
proves failure. Only a fraction of the earth
surface is capable OF cultivation. A large part
of the general labor is absorbed in the produc-
ton of luxuries in repairing the damages of
war in preparing for future conflicts, in the
transportations of produce, and in journeys.
Probably not more than one-tenh of the whole
amount Of human force is expended in earning
the worlds daily bread. The standing marvel,
therefore, of society, is not that any should
suffer want, but that there should be any who
DO not
Year: 1864

HEALrHFULNEss OF APPLEs.-There is
scarcely an article Of vegetable food more
widely useful and more universally liked than
the apple. Why every farmer 10 the nation
has not got an apple orchard, where the trees
will grow at all, is one of the mysteries. Let
every housekeeper lay in a good supply Of
apples, and it will be the most economical in.
yestment in the whole range of culiuaries. 4
raw mellow apple is digested in al hour and a
half, while boiled cabbage requires five hours.
The most healthy desert that can be placed on
table is baked apple. If eaten freely at
breakfast, with coarse bread and butter with
out meat or flesh of any kind, it has admirable
effect on the general system, often removing
constipation, correcting acIdities, and cooling
of fe5rile cQndentions more etfectually than the
most approved medicines If families could be
induced to substitute apples-sound aud ripe
for The pies, cakes and sweetmeats with which
their children are too indiscreetly stuffed there
would be elimination in the sum total OF
doctors bills, in single year. sufficient to lay
in stock of this delicious fruit for whole
seasons use.
Year: 1864

ln1ASl.


DIR. Elwyn, of Philadelphia, furnishes foI
the Country GeatieBlun the following letter
from dairy farmer OF long and extensive ex-
perience:


"PHILADELPHIA,1 1st month, I'd, 1868.


Esteemed friend: Having been requested
by thee 10 write out statement OF the process
oi making good butter, have TO observe that
good COWS aud rich pasturage-natural grass
es-green grass and white clover are the es-
senliM basis, together with cleanliness and
proper management.


The proper management, as / conceive,
would be to skim the mi k at all times within
THIRTY hours after being milked; and in
order 10 ELECT this, small quantity of sour
milk should be put inlo each pan at the strain
ing OF the milk. The judgment of the dairy
manager should regulate the quantity accord
ing TO the state of the atmosphere. When
cream is SKINNED into the cream pot II should
be stirred morning and evening until churn-
ed, which should be done every three days
during the warm weather. aud all the year If
The quantity of cream would warrant il AT
tel tue butter Is broken IN the churn to the
size Of cheslnuts. the milk should be drawn
oil from the yebt hole through fine sieve,
and then a sufficient quantity OF cold water
put in the churn and tumbied few times,
drawn on as before, more water put iD, and
tunbled again


The water should then be all drawn off,
and the butter will then lay in a mass in the
churD, which should be cut promiscuously
about, for the purpose Of receiving the sslI,
which should be full pint for fifty pounds,
and the same proportion for less or more
The butter should then be tumbled in the
churn sufficiently to mix the salt. 1t sbou
then be taken out OF the churn and Jumped
iuto pounds as nearly as possible. and spong-
ed, weighed and printed. A sponge Of prop
er siza, enclosed in coarse linen cloth, should
be pressed on each lump until all the brine i
extracted, before being weighed.


The most particular part of the process is
attention TO the skimming and management
of the cream, TO prevent raneiGity from iAis
Ing place before cnurning, Tor If The cream Is
bad the butter must Recessarily be bad.


HOMER EAcHUs.


To nr A T., EiWynr
Year: 1864

The following significant statements are
taken from the Pastoral Address of the Gen.
eral Conference Of the M. 4. Church, to the
members OF that church:


We have held our sessions In the midst OF
the fearful agitations and struggles of war
Our nation has reached most eventful crisis,
Ambitious and wicked men have led the peo-
pie and States of the South into a most cruel
and unprovoked rebellion. The Government
has been compelled TO resist this rebellion by
force, and the Delegates Of all the Annual
Conferences, in General Conference assembled.
have solemnly recognized this stern necessi-
ty. Our reports, resolutions and acts, of
which you have been already apprised, all
sustained by unanimous votes, will show the
church and the world how heartily we are in
IDENTIFIED with the nation In her struggles,
with our beloved army and navy in the dead
ly conilicts oi this war. with the President
and all other officers of Government In the
grave responsibilities of their present posi-
ton, and with the surviving sufferers whether
bond or free. ~


We call your attention 10 the fact that
slavery Is the evident and guilty cause of this
terrible war, and express to you our deliberate
opinion that there Will be no peace or safety
to the Republic till this vile usurpation Is Mt
terly destroyed.


We have, therefore, resolved not only to
sustain the Government most heartily in the
struggle against treason, but in the high pur-
pose 10 extlrpate the guilty cause of this re-
bellion. And in consistency with these reso-
lutions, as well as under the highest sense oil
imperative duty, we have determined that the
M f. Church shall, with the least possible de-
Jay, be delivered from this enormous evil
we have, therefore, proposed to the Annual
conferences such change in the General
huie as Will hereafter leave no occasion for
Year: 1864

The above boots are made from the best stock. and
expressly to my own order. Every pair is warrant
ed, the same rs IL measure WAS fas en-. This work
e the same as sold by the first class retail dealers In
Boston, and pronounced by them uperor TO the best
New York work
Year: 1864

Immediately, is the chief want and the in
perative demand of the nearly one hundred
children and youth between the age oi 4 and
Is reported within The limits Of the district.
Such a school the district cannot afford TO be
wlihou, any longer. The pecuniary interests
OF the community, no less than the intellec-
tual, social and moral welfare of the children
and youth entrusted to Its care, is certainly
required st the hands of those who have nov
the means to give or withhold it from them.


The winter Term OF the school for the older
class of scholars in district No. has also
partially failed to accomplish its object. The
marked contrast between the general mode
OF conducting the exercises Of the school,
adopted by the teacher and that pursued by
his successful and popular predecessor, the
preceding winter has, think, had much in
ucencs in producing this partial failure
Possibly some parents and guardians also, BY
njudicious manifestations OF dissslisfsctlon
With The teachers management OF the school
have tended to increase The obstacles In the
way of his successful labor.


The other schools in this district, both
summer and winter terms, have been under
good discipline by efficient and experienced
teachers. and Issaegest to the district that
some OF lis female teachers who have had
successful experience in the government Of
various schools, and besides can bring the
most smpie qualifications TO Instruct in ell
the branches required by lis Older scholars
during The winter term, would 10 them bet
ter service than any inexperienced young
man uhom they can ordinarily procure.


Allow me TO Close thus imperfect report,
gentlemen, with the expression OF the hope
that the coming year viii witness more
general and efficient interest for the improve
ment of our common schools than We have
seen hitherto. TIE necessities Of the rising
generation demand this of us. Tie age in
which they must i've and perform their parts
10 the crisis and revolutions that are crowd
ing upon US viii doubtless require the best
intellectual discipline as well IS the pursst
morality and nobiest patriotism that our free
and Christian Institutions can give them.


]. K. COLBY, Supt.