Year: 1869

The following intelligence will aoqcaint our
readers with the perfect success OF the new SUBJ
marine cable undertaking.


Tie Cable Spliced 10 the SkCEe End.


STI PIERRE MIoUEIoN, July "a, 1S69.-The
ocean cable was spliced to the shoTe end to-day
by the steamer william Cory


The cause of the failure to splice yesterday


was that the shore end was Loss. The buoy was
easily fonnd but when taken up 1t was dis
covered that the cable was detached, and 1T was
therefore necessary to grapple Tor It, Directly
the splice was made the instruments and the full
staff OF operators were sent on shore, and com
munication was soon opened with Brest.
How Nap VIII Test 1t.


SIR James Anderson, the commander of the
Great Eastern, had brought with him sealed


message which had been prepared by the En-
peror Napoleon, and the purport OF which was
TO remain unknown until IL was opened on this
side of the Atlantic upon the completion OF the
cable, when the message was 10 be sent to the
Emperor over the wires in order that he might
thus Judge of the accuracy of the transmission.


This message was sent to France to-day.
! What the Cabinet Say of the Gable.
The N. Y. Herdlds Washington correspon-
dent writes:-


"With the exception of the opinion of At
torney- General Hoar and the letters addressed
TO the French and the British Minister by Secre-
I tary Fish, no action has been takensby the Gov
ernment to prevent the landing of the French
cable on the coast of Massachusetts,.
\ Secretary Boutwell, has not as reported in
some quarters, ordered n United States
revenue cutter to proceed to the point where
1t is proposed to land the cable on United States
territory and prevent it, is it likely that any
such course will be pursued. The matter was
4 pending in Congress Mt the adjournment and 1t
will probably be left to that body to settle II.
y Secretary Fish considered it his duty to place


the French Minister in possession OF the tacts so
far as the action of our Government has been
! developed relative to the landing of the cable,


SO that he might inform his Government OF the
| risk it must run in attempting to land the cable


on United States territory without authority


from Congress.


''The point to be insisted upon is that the


Government of the United States shall have


equal facilities and privileges over the cable


with that of France. This seems to be about


the only objection to the landing of the cable in


the minds of Government officials. This, too,


was the principal object which the Senate Com


mittee on Foreign Relations had in view in re-


porting and urging the passage of the bill to pre-
= vent the landing of any foreign cable on the


shores of the United States without the consent OF
Congress- There does not seem tC be any very


strict law on the subject beyond what is cited by


the Attorney-G General in his opinion on the


question, and some good lawyers regard that


rather as labored report to strain point IN


favor of the Atlantic cable monopoly than as
sound law. If the cable is actually landed, some


action may be taken by the Government to pre-


vent its being worked, at least until Congress


meets. What course Will be pursued does not


seem to be known just now


How the Cable Rests.


The cable, as now laid, starts in very shallow
= water from Minor bay, but in four or five miles
= IL
and then gradually shelves from thirty to sixty


eight and ninety fathoms. At this level, but on


the whole gradually deepening, it continues I'll
4 in line with the westernmost part OF the irish
q coast, where, taking northern course 1t passes
/ down gentle slope of sand that continues de-
} scendng till the depth increases from 200 to 800


and 900 fathoms, and then in a short distance to
/ 100 fathoms. Over all the rest of the course to


mid ocean the bottom is mud, shells and sand


and with uniform depth OF about 2OOO ana


2200 fathoms. At these great depths there is


an absolute cessation OF all motion over such
a bottom the line is taken in an arc OF q


large circle, the most southerly point OF the


cable being in forty-two degrees north latitude,


and the most northerly forty eight degrees.


Along the southern end of the Newfoundland


bank it is sunk in about $50 to 200 fathoms, the


water on the bank itself varying from fifty to


ninety fathoms. Thus it is completely sheltered


from ice which, if the ieebergs pass the bank at


all, must clear the cable which lies under its lee


by some hundred fathoms or more. From this


point it is taken up due nerth in the channel


between the Green bank and the st. Pierre bank


in an almost unvarying depth of 500 fathoms
j From this point out the course is over very regu


lar shoal water, so to speak-being at no part
"A less than 100 fathoms and generally over 150-
"A 10 its termination.


How Defects are Discoyered.A Delicate Piece


During the whole course of the Great Eastern


messages have been continually passing from


the shore to the ship; and while the latter has
8 only on rare occasions owing to the trouble and


danger of making the necessary shifting OF con-


nections returned the compliment, each roll or
"a pitch of the huge vessel has been faithfully in
IN dicated by the delicate instrument at Brest.
~ This instrument is that now universally adopted
= in working all long submarine lines-the renect-
=. ing galvanometer. The principle OF TINS most
n delicate instrument was discovered tew


wears since by German electrician named
q Weber The instrument consists OF a small
mirror with a magnet laid across its back, ana
" that the two are very small indeed may be
Il Judged by the fact that both together Welgh less
M less than three-eighths of grain Ihls IN
81 fhitesimally small reflector, which is intensely
n bright, is suspended by a silk thread as fine as
& hair in the midst of small circular coil OF IN
$sUilated copper wires. Directly current Is sent
through this circular coil, no matter how slight
f. #itlinduces another eccentric current within lts
circle, which acts in an opposite dlrectlon, ana
~ lis causes the little magnet at the back OF the
Il irror to turn to right or left, and, OF course,
Il I'd turn the little mirror with its rejecting ray
4 8of light with it. By very simple ar
4 rangement this fine ray of light Is thrown upon


horizontal graduated scale, about three
ri feet long and three feet distant from


the mirror Thus, when current is sent through
# the little circular coil round the mirror, the
y magnet is acted upon, and turns the mirror WIN WIN


us ray of light-say on the left OF the scale III


'front.' of t. When the current is reversed, and
+ that is instantly done by pressing little key IN


the speaking instrument the current IN the CIR
.0 culaT coil is reversed and sent in the opposite


direction, and this in turn sends the ray OF light


from the mirror on the opposite side OF the
q scale to the right. When the ray OF light rests
M stationary on any part of the scale II means a
dot when it moves rapidly TO the right or ielt
4 distance il goes. Thus the little pencil OF


light makes dots or dashes on lhe


srsaIe inst as the old Morse instrument


need TO make them in visible ink on paper,