Year: 1860




y resolution to establish new order of things, be
n Ter calculated for the promotion of the happines
e OF the people. 1t is now the complaint that tn
Consutution is not carried out. When | suggest


means OF carrying it out am informed it is
n quack remedy. Sir, this Constitution is goo
f enough for the Union. Give time for public sent
ment to react, and all will be right Now men mus
I9ok n more highly and rise to a higher altitude


IN the lace. We must enquire what is tn


evil The diagnosis of The disease must b


taken before prescribing. If the present evil


the lault OF the government, there must be lpgs


Iaton 10 meet 1t. Our fathers learned wisdom @
home and Greece-one was consolidated govern


ment, the other contederacy of States only; w


are union OF the States, forming more pertec


union' which forms, in my judgment. the best gov


ernment ever established among men. 1t is ONLY


necessary to carry it out in the spirit in which


was made Our fathers made a Union of friendl,


States. Now, hostility has been substituted fol-


fraternity. don't intend to renew the war o
past has disturbed the country and ir
| which have taken part perhaps Rather
| should call on all men who have heart and who


rove the Union and whose services not merely
/ given that they look the danger in the face What


is the remedy? 1t is to c0erce the people If we do


the Union viii be shattered into thirty three rag


ments. Ours is representative government. Our


Iatners Gid not make it for warning against each
o'her. These indeed are degenerate sons, if they


leave their forge and rive the chains around them
Ihe remedy only lies in the hearts of


the people, and therefore l turn to the
| otner side and ask the question-Is not the
majority section now the section which threatens
| dissolution OF the Union? Our people are pre-
| pared to do justice. Talk about repeating the


fugitive slave laws! that has but little to do with
the symptoms of the disease What care we, though
all the personal liberty bills be repealed won1d


that give us the Union our fathers left us? The


remedy Is in the patriotism and affection of The


people II 1t exists. In all free governments the


laws rests with the popular opinion. If they don't


they are powerless. We must now deal with


m the lacts as they occur at present. Who has been


the greater loosers? While Missouri Kentucky


Virginia, Maryland, and other border States


nave been losing, Louisiana and Mississippi have


peen secure. Louisiana and Mississippi have to
snow, perhaps, one boxed up nigger, while we
nave lost thousands upon thousands And now


when propose means under the Constitution to
secure myself, he who has suffered no wrong ex-
Gept an Imaginary one, says my spirit is corrupt.
IL @ the committee on the resolutions goes in for a
military nnln n. .despotsm, go against it, Mr.. Lin
com can't invade a single State. He can't
prevent the invasion of State He can't
IaKe away property, but he can protect it.
myseH would coerce no State-I deny
notification. If State is in the Union her neonja
are subject to the Union laws If out of the TTnian
there Is no right to enforce them.--Mr. LATHAM
tneh saio: 1t Is not my purpose to address the SEN
ate at THIS time upon the pending resolution rise
TO correct false impression upon the public mind
which have seen published in several of the Ioad;n
journals OF the country, as to the attitude of Cafor
MIA In the present crisis. 1t has been said and hv
many believed, thain the event of secession of the
several States of the Uni0n-California would ova;
neTset OF the opportunity to declare her own
Independence, and in con junction with other
territory on the Pacific, would form Pacific
Republic Mr.. President there is not word of
truth in this dea and it does great iniustca to
people of that State. This Union has no more
loyal subjects than the people of California and
out OF her half million of population, | believe
lhat there are not many who for disunion in
any shape. California will remain in the Union as
/ ~ H.,
concluded, the cotton States withdraw from the
Union and are eventually followed by all the South
ern States, California, am certain, will still re-
main with the great West and the North with
whom she is identified In addressing this hodu
upon April 10th last, | put forward the idea of
Faclhc Republic upon the contingency of the dis
solution OF the existing confederacy. | am salts
ned, upon more mature reflection to saw The least
tnat was premature, for whatever NAV be
my own opinion of the right or wrong of the |
present agitating question: question in which |
Caornla has no present vital Interest," feel il
my bounden duty to thus give not only nv opinion |
put as one OF her representatives, to state what |
neleVe to be the voice of her majority There is |
nut one thing which will can ALLEVIATE the affec-


ons OF the people of the Pacific from the Union as
1t is or as it may be, and that is failure To rive
them Pacific Railroad, and, until it is comnlefed
overland mail facilities. Upon this question they
are clamorous, urgent and unanimous: and since
the North and great West are thoroughly com
mltted to the material idea of their LEGALITY
future day, with the indulgence OF Ga-o.o
a few reasons for this opinion, and also aude
to the present condition of the country, but not
until alter Senators are heard from, who rank with
me in age, experience and wisdom.-Mr. CRIT
TENDEN then addressed the Senate in an almost
e and feaRs T3ea urging that further de-
Il iime a9s, had dVGe Gt on it at oneeMr. SUMNER, Of
ain the floor. He said he could remain silent for
ime longer under the caumnies heaped upon him,
n the Presidents message. The Republican party
N,,IH H0l.n ii
peak for himself and his section. lie desired,
however, at the present time to lay before the
Senate letter which years ago nreold the present
attempt to dissolve the Union 1t is private
etter, written by General jackson, on the lst of
May, 1888, to the Rev. A. j. Crawford, a resident
1f sayehoding State, and never before published.
The following is an extract:


81 had laborious task here but notification dead
md its tors and courters will only be remembered by
he people to be eXecrated for their wicked designs
ever and destroy the only good Government the |
globe and that prosperity and happiness enjoy
over every other portion of the world Hamans galows
lught to be the fate of all such ambitious men, who
would involve their country in civil war all the evils
n its train that they might reign ride on its whirl-
Winds and direct the storm.


THE free people of these United States have spoken and
consigned these wicked demagogues to their proper
doom. Take care of your nufers, you have them
amongst you Let them meet with the indignant frown of
very man who loves his country. The Tariff, is
we'll known, was a mere preteXt. Its burthen
IN your coarse woollens By the law of July, 1882,
coarse woollens reduced to five per cent for the





classes it with woollens at so per cent and reduces
gradually down to 20 per cent and there it is remain
md Mr.. Calhoun and all the nuiers agree the prn-
'ple The cash duty and home valuation will be equal
10 per cent and after the year 1912 you pay
coarse wooens 80 per cent If this is not protection
'annot understand Therefore the Tariff only the
'retext, and dsunon and Southern Confederacy the
eal object The next pretext will be the negro, the
slavery question"


Mr.. SUMNER then proceeded to say that thus
the inspired Jackson was able to Judge the present
and discern the future. The tariff, in his opinion
was the pretext for disunion. 1t all belongs to
history, nor can the facts be concealed. ed.-Mr. |
BENJAMIN asked Mr.. King whether the intent |
Of his proposed amendments to indicate an |
opinion on the part of the gentleman offering it;
whether it was his desire and the wish of the peo
pie of his State to employ force against State |
MIR. KING said-The sentiment of my State is |
that the Union OF the States shall be preserved. |
believe that secession is another name for iusur-
rection and rebellion. believe that this Govern
ment cannot be peaceably Observation-Disclosures be- |
lieve that the great body of the people of every
State attached to it and will preserve it. Their |
resistance to -the laws will meet the penalty |
which the law will infict.-Mr. BENJA- |
MIN asked if it was the intent of his con-
sttuents to reduce the State to submission ? |
Mr.. DIXON said-I certainly did not understand |
my colleague to refer to the fact that the Demo-
cratic party now are and long have been the power
In this government in any partisan offensive |
sense, but only as fact of history. But whatever
differences of opinion to the cause of the pre-
sent troubles, the great trouble is apparent. We |
cannot either partsans patriots shut our ewes
TO the great truth that nothing less than the dis |
ruption of the government is the peril to which |
we are now exposed, it is uselss to enquire which
section of the country would suffer most or suffer
longest. it is enough for us to know that every |
portion will suffer long and suffer deeply; it is |
enough for us to know that the dissolution of this
Union, for whatever cause, and however brought |
about, would be not only a great event, but |
in its effects on the race of mankind, the
great calamity of the age. Mr.. President. the
public mind is aroused to the perception of the fact
of existing danger to the Government at the pre-
else moment when we have just passed through the
Presidential election. Hence it may be supposed
that the result of this election is cause whereas
1t is only an occasion. The cause lies deeper. In
a very short time crisis, differing only from the
present in the occasion of its happening, would
have occurred if either of the candidates for the
Presidency, at the recent election, had been sue
cessful. The controversy the subject of African
slavery, which has been going for years between
the Northern and Southern portions of this coun-
try, has now reached point where it is honora-
BILE. Rightful adjustment, consented to by people
OF both sections, seems to be indispensable to the
continuance OF the Government in its present form.
The election of Mr.. Lincoln fastened the critical
day. His defeat could only have postponed it
In saying this don't intend to say whether one
section of the country is at fault more than an.
other whether both are equally in fault or whether
the blame is wholly ON one side. examinations and
recriminations useless nay, dangerous
If it be possible the first thing should be to restore
the fraternal spirit which once existed-ought to
exist, and may still exist. How shall this be done?
| know no other mode than by cheerfuy and
honestly assuring to every section of the country,
North and South, its lust Constitutional rights