Year: 1862

treaties he Is exactly What is il that Whea-
ton dist nguished writer International law says on
this very question of what becomes OF treaties in time
OF war, He says


There might treaties of such that war would
necessary bui end 10 them but where treaties conte


plated permanent arrangement Of territory OF IN the


woad be aInst every principle Of just inerpreIa
LiOa 70 hold taem eXtinsuished BY war.


(Hear, hear) DR.. Phillnore an authority whom
ali appreciate, says


The general maxim that abrogaes treaties between
eegsrsn's must & be su9est 10 Limitation IN one
he contingency OF the breaking out OF war between the con-
sracng parties


(Hear hear But before is not of treaty
ny because, as understand IT, what done at Paris
1850 was not nature of an ordinary treaty but
general of the civilized OF the
earth, for the purpose Of establishing principle
enacting new law, which should be admitted and ac
cspted in all future time If you were to adoptrhe pro-
position Of the honorable member for Liverpool and
upon with the States Of Europe and America you would
not require what we commonly term treaty, but simply
agreement, which undertake say If the Secretary
for War and his government attempted 70 break IT,
would call down upon him and them the condemnation of
every intelligent man in every country the globe.
Cheers When the right honorable gentleman addressed
as thought he was speaking on one side Of the question
under great disadvantages and could not help coming
70 the conclusion that ne had risen support the pro-
position OF the honorable member for Liverpool he would
have made speech more comprehensive, more
elusive. and much more unanswerable than the
which he delivered the other night (Hear hear) One
point and have done. said the outset that
great change had aken place in and
position the period which elapsed between 1915 and
is5s The tonnage the United Kingdom in and out in
1874 was 600 tons. During the last eight
years has been upwards of 900 600 tons. Our
ports, which then amounted TO f40 600 OOOour imports
being about tho same-have arisen fl20 oO0
What was the effect upon the mercantile navy Of this
country OF the short Of with United States
Of American have looked at book in the library, pub
ished oy an American, whose forget which pur.
ports to be history Of American privateerng during
that war. l have also other statements which
bring me TO tho conclusion, vizhat during that
short war, not extending more than years,
the american prvasssrs captured no fewer than 500
rty that the ships so captured sold Tor the cnor
mout sum Of Sl07 900 0O0 more than Ell 900 000 II
such was the loss to the shpowners, the merchants and
the underwriters of this country during that short war;
when your tonnage only 3,5OO,o0O what would be
your loss. supposng the old system were to prevail if
you had war with your tonnage II 900 900
Is 900 600 and with the American mercantile marine iH
creased largely than your (Fiear hear)
Tho devastation which would be caused would be
thing enormous, and you could scarcely conceive ques.
ton ON which it would be worth while to incur such
loss ask the noble lord if this change which made
in 1856 cannot be recalled. does he believe that
any long time will be possible to resist the proposition
OF the honorable member for Liverpool? / hope
IL may be possible for hundred years TO
come; because as long as there is neither
which be points out will not happen to the ship
owners of this country. But q strong rumor bof war
arises itself should take place. the consequences
which he describes will about, and the noble lord
or hh will find the greatest possible
Paris in ls56-which | believe cannot bs recalIed-or
essyto 4Q that WHICH the hoporabe member from Liver
pool and his Constituents ask should be done do
rot think many honorable members take into account
tAs total revolution, both in and commerce. which
has taken place throughout the world during the last
wide and the force Of interests 50 miIhtyI viii say
30 omnpotent-that is utterly impossible tho ancient
sa:nsd Now and then and member spparsntly fur
getting that war Is not tho grand object purpose
design with which Parliamsnts are elected 1Hesr hsar1


distinguished American historian the author Of the
Rise Of the Dutch Republic speaking ot one Of his chs
ractersnot character that would like to copy
Charles the Bold-says he was in whose eyes
thing was sacred but war and the way 10 make IT, We
profess 70 DO the Parliament Of enlightened agsthe
Parliament of Christian country-and think that
should have other objects. (Hear, hear) If man |
with them believes that war is the normal condition Of
Europe and the world he will be greatly misled with
country lam OF opinion that war Notwithstanding the
enormous ornaments which being kept up by the
nations Of Europe is constantly becoming more dcu
and any continuous war more remote. And look for
ward to time-sseng the changes that taking
place in the political condition Of Europe and the
mcrcial condition OF all coonrieswhsn the commercial
interests OF those countries will the superiority
which they have right those tendencies to
war which in times past, and even now sometimes,
strongly the minds statesmen and Of rulers
In my already the victories Of peace have begun
The great mon Of our age are not your warriors they
country are your engineers those who make the
industry Of the people (hear hear and that great in
dustry before long you may depend it, will triumph
much that thought great and necessary pact
tmss think We arc now looking from the darkness
bie member for Liverpool Offers the House that
will recommend itself widely to all the industry, TO





owner this country. do ask him now-n fact,
might offer an opinion for the benefit Of the ooec
House, when the question IS comparatively TO IT, to
10 absolute decision. (Hsar, hear) The motion
was not brought forward in any degree TO embarsss
psrpex the government, but TO AFFORD TO Parliament
fair opportunity for FREQ discussion. (Iear, hcar.)
That dcysson has taken place. the subject has beer
handled with various ability on both sides OF the House,
bus with great candor and fairness Notwithstanding
che declaration of the noble lord the head of 60
vernmcnt think he will the tone Of the debate
he Of
hear)-sndI should not be at all surprised
IL before very long we have an unanimous Cabinet, will
ing, other governments willing-and have the
best means Of knowing that they willing-('Oh,
uhp)to carry this matter still furthsr. Some honor
There doubt Of the willingness OF the United
5taes believe there Is doubt OF tho willingness OF
France waever the people of this country shau hare mad
up ther minds on this subject, and Parliament shall Be dis
u % e rar ~ s ee nav ::
cd at have been thousand tmes-as friend OF peace


would rather be friend OF peace, in the humblest
rank and position in life than friend OF war in the
highest (hear, hear, and say that, II this House shall
or Al any future time accept fairly and frankly the
proposition Of the honorable member for Liverpool it
will confer the people great and nser
an endless rsnown. (Chesss)


The SOLICITOR GKSKRAI-I entirely agrcc with the pro-
position Of the Hon. gentleman has just down
that this debate ha been conducted with great arn
aud candor and the speech of the Hon gentleman Is
certainly exception to the tone Of the general debate
tHcar, hear 1t has not only been conducted with fair
ness but with ability and none, think, can disguise





ect under discussion the fact that any point OF
view 1t Is attended with very serious difficulties. Ny
Hon friend the member from Stamford made very able
speech strongly in favor thought, Of the proposition
the Hon member for Liverpool, but at the time
his OF the difficulties attendant the
when he stated that a the arg1
mouls which he offered TO the House. not only
able bring his mind to vote in favor Of the proposition
that he did not accept the proposition himself TIL
he mastered the difficulties and oroseen the
aucnces which involved. Now after listening carefully
Co the whole this debate, appears 10 that the
arguments have been founded almost entirely on the
declaration OF Paris Two arguments are drawn from
that declaration. In the first place. Is said that there
arc no reasons the propositions there laid
down which do equally apply in favor OF the present
proposition Of the honorable member for Liverpool The
other argument that the effect Of the Declaration O!
Paris will be transfer largo portion OF the carrying
trade nsutras, and 10 nfct serious injury on our
shipping trade and mercantile interests genersly
viii present the considerations which occur
bearing in mind those points, which embody