Year: 1862

their natural tendency IL is certain there will always os
there being constant danger Of effort ought to


be, by force OF public opinDn 10 mitigate anu assuas ~
IRE not to be quenched, II demands UNIFORM vgino%s -
| to prevent its bursting into fame, sst ins'eau VI
| warming, il should consume.


Il is Important likewise that tho habits OF thinking


in free country should inspire caution in these intus


ed with It's eonfne themselves within


their respective constitutional spheres, avoiding IN tne
ne S n,,t oS sneroaehmen tends 70 con
sodate the powers OF all the departments IN one, ana
thus to create whatever the form OF government real
proneness abuse which predomnaes in the human
heart sufficient satisfy OF the truth OF this position
The necessity Of reciprocal checks in the Of o
htical power by dividing and distributing into differ
repositories. and constituting each the guardian Of
the public veal against myasions by the others has
been evinced by experiments. ancient and modernsome
of them in our own country, and under own eyes
To preserve them must be as necessary as TO institute
them. IT, in the opinion Of the people, the distribution
or modification OF the constitutional powers be- in any
particular, wrong let be corrected by amendment
IN the way which the constitution 'desgnates But let
there be no change by usurpation for though this IN
one instance may be the instrument Of good, is the
customary weapon by which free governments are de-
stroyed The precedent must always greatly over
balance, in permanent evil any partial or transient
benefit which the use can at any time yield.
Opa the dispositions and habits which lead to pot
cal prosperity religion and morality are indispensable
supports. In vain would that man claim the tribute OF
patriotism who should labor 10 subver these great pill
lars OF human happiness these fmest props OF the d
ties Of men and citizens. The politician, equally
with the pous ought TO respect and cherish them
volume could not trace all their connections with pub


lie and private felicity. Let it simply be asked, where
is the security for property for reputation for life
the of religious obligation desert the oaths which
are the instruments Of investigation Of usce2
And let US with caution indulge the supposton that mo-
rality can be maintained without religion. Whatever
be conceded to the influence Of rened education on
minds OF peculiar structure and experience both
forbid US TO expect that national morality can prevail IN
exclusion Of religious principles.


II is substantially true that virtue or morality is
necessary spring Of popular government The rule n
extends with or less force to every species OF
free government. Who that is sncere friend TO it, can
look with indifference upon attempts TO shake the founda
tion Of the fabric?


Promote then, as object Of primary Importance, in
stutons for the general diffusion Of knowledge In pro-
portion the structure Of government givesiforce to
public opinion is essential that public opinion should
be enlightened.


cherish public credit One method Of preserving is to
sparngly as possible avoiding occasions of ex-
pense by cuvating peace, but remembering also that
timely disbursements TO prepare for danger frequently
prevent much greater disbursements to repe it avoiding


likewise the accumulation OF debt only by stunning
occasions Of expense but by vigorous exertons time Of
peace to discharge the debts which unavoidable
have occasioned; not ungenerousy throwing upon
poserty the burden which ourselves ought to bear
The OF these maxms belongs your represen
tatves but 1t is necessary that public opinion should
operate To facilitate to them the performance of their
duty IL is essential that you should practically bear in
mind that towards the payment OF debts there must be
revenue that have there must be taxes that
be devised which not more or less in
and unpleasant that the intrinsic embarrass
men nseparabe from the selection OF the proper objects
(Which always choice Of difculties) ought to be
decisive motive for candid construction OF the conduct
of the government in making it and for spirit OF acqui
the measures for obtaining revenue which the
public exigencee may at any time dictate.


Observe good faith and justice towards all nations
cultivate peace and harmony with all; religion and mo-
ralty enoin this conduct and bc that good policy
does equally enjon it? 1t will be worthy Of free,
enlightened and at no distant period great nation, to
give mankind the magnanimous and too novel exam
pie Of people always guided by an exalted justice and
benevoence Who doubt that in the Of time
and things the fruits of such plan would richly repay
any temporary advantages which might be lost by q
steady adherence to H Can be that Providence has
connected the permanent felicity Of nation with its
virtue9 The experiment, at least, is recommended by
every sentiment which ennobes human nature. Alas 10
il rendered impossible by Its vicesS


In the execution Of such plan nothing is
tial than that permanent, nveterae antipahes against
Others should be excluded and that place OF them
Just amcable feelings towards all should be cuvat
ed. The nation which INDUCES toward another An ha
btual hatred, habtual fonduess. is in de-
gree slave II 10 slave TO its animosty or TO its
Affection either Of which sufficient to lead astray
from its duty and its interest Antpathy IN one ma on
against another disposes each readily 10 offer in
suit and injury, 20 lay hold OF slight causes OF
umbrage and to be naughty and intractable when
accidental or trining occasions Of dispute occur
Hence frequent collisions obstinate, envenomed and
bloody contests The nation, prompted by i'll will and
resentment, sometimes mpels TO war the government,
contrary the best calculations Of policy The govern
sometimes participates in the national pEppens ity
at other times makes the animosty Of the sub
ssrvient projects OF hostility, nsgated by PRIDE
bton and other sinister and pernicous motives The
peace often, sometimes perhaps the liberty, Of nations
has been the victim.


So, likewise, q passionate attachment of one nation
10 another produces variety Of evils. Sympathy for
the favorite nation facilitating the illusion Of an i'm
aginary common interest in cases where real COM
mon interest exists, and nfusing into the enmi-
ties Of the other betrays the former into particpa
top in the quarrss and wars of the latter, without
adequate nducement or justification It leads also
the favore nation Of privileges denied
20 others, which is apt doubly to inure the nation
making the concessions by unnecessarily parting with
what ought have been retained and by exciting lea
lousy i'll will and disposition TO re,aate in the par
ties from whom equal privileges are withheld; and it
gives to ambitious, corrupted or deaded citizens (who
devote themselves to the favorte nation facility be-
tray sacrifice the interest OF their own country
without odium sometimes Nth po fularity, gliding
with the appearance Of virtuous sense OF obligation
commendabe difference for public opinion, laudable
zeal for public good the base foolish compliances OF
ambition, corruption or iniatuaiion


As avenues foreign influence in innumerable ways
such attachments are particularly alarming TO the truly
enlightened and independent patriot How many oppor
tuntes do they afford TO amper with domestic factions
practice the art Of seduction, TO mslead public
opinion, to influence or awe the public councils Such
an attachment OF small or weak towards great and
powerful nation dooms the former 10 be the satellite or


Against the nsdious wiss Of foreign influence Il con-
lure you 70 believe me fellow ctzens) the jealousy OF
free people ought to be constantly awake; since
history and experience prove that foreign inhu-
is one Of the most bansful foes Of repub-
lican government But that jealousy, 10 be useful,
must be impartial; else il becomes tie instrument
OF the very influence be avoided instead OF defence
against IT, Excessive partalty for one ioregn naton
dislike for another, those whom they
actuate danger only side, and TO veil
and second, the arts Of influence on the other
Real patriots, who may resist the ntrgues Of the IA
vorite liable TO become suspected and odous while


its tools and dupes usurp the applause and confidence Of
the people surrender their interests.


The great rule OF conduct for n regard 10 foreign
nations, is, in extending commercial relations,
have with them as little political connection possible
SO far have already formed engagements let them
be fulfilled with perfect good faith Here let stop


Europe has a set OF primary interests, which TO
have none or a very remote relation. Hence she
engaged frequent controversies the OF which
essentially foreign 70 concerns. Hence, there
fore 1t must be unwise in TO mpcae ourselves by
artificial ties in the ordinary vcissudes OF her politics,
the ordinary combinations and collisions Of her friend
ships enmites.


Our detached and distant situation invites and enables
pursue different course. II we remain people,
under efficient government, the period s far OF
when may defy material injury from annoy
ance when may take such attitude will cause
the neutrality may at any time resolve upon be
scrupuously respected when begerent nations under
the impossiby ofmakng acquisitions upon u.s. will not
lightly hazard the giving US provoeation when may
choose peace or war as our interest," guided by justice,
shall counsel.


WIN forego the advantaess Of 10 peculiar stuation,