Year: 1869

ana simple method OF yentilatIn9 coun-
try-houses. The condition most con-
duciye to facility, both of heating and
rentilating, is building thoroughly
tight, and warm and dry without the
aid Of artificial heat. The pcrpen-
dicular ventliating shafts or hues
should be situated in the walls in two
81. more places, and made thoroughly
tight,-tor 1t is as impossible to ven
tllate through tlue with cracks and
openings in it, as to carry off smoke
through chimney built of hen coops
Ii the walls are Of brick, tho fues
should be built in the body OF the
we'll just as chimneys are, closely ce
mented within and finished atop as
blind uiIiInneys. eInootn and close
finishing within, is important, as the
draught is hindered both by inequall
ties and opening in the surface. When
the building is of wood, the fiues
should be carried up from the ceiling
with slant Of the rafters, and those
from opposite sides Of the room united
immediately under the bridge of the
roof, and finished above like a chin
ney supplied with cowl to guard
against downward currents.


| The operation of this ventilation is
simple when taken in connection with
the plan of heating which l shall now
describe: Instead Of placing the stove
in the back part o! the room,-I speak
OF stoves for the reason that l am
speaking of heating country school
houses,-we place it near and between
the doors, so that air admitted at the
opening of the doors may be heated
before reaching the school. One
OF those forms of stoves which have
air chambers around the fire is best,
be it either for wood or coal. A pipe
from five to eight inches in diameter
should open into the air-chambers at
the bottom OF the stove and commu-
nicate with the open air by being pas
sed under the floor and through the
foundation wall. If stoves having air
chambers around the fire cannot be
had, the following plan may be con-
1


yeniently substituted. Surround the
back OF the stove with a sheet iron
jacket, lett open at the top and fitted
down at the bottom to the cold air
pipe. The space within the jacket will
be filled wish fresh air, which is heat
ed and circuIates through the room,
and we have at once many of the ad-
vantages Of the hot.air furnace with
out its cost. Now windows and doors
can and must be tight, while, if neces.
sary to accommodate the dlaught of
the stove, the transom can be set slight
ly ajar.


When the room is to be heated
close the upper yentilating passages
and admit the air through the cold-ai
box TO the stove, where it will be heat
ed, rise to the TOP of the room ant
heat the cold air already there, Will
the lower register being open vii
crary off the gases that tall by th
cooling of the air against the walls AM
windows. The bottom register being
now closed, the room will remain
warm. BY dish fitted to the top 0
the stove, we can get as much mois
ture by evaporation as we desire, and
the expense of the whole affair neei
not exceed IS or SO. Ii the heatin.
and ventilation are thus both planned
together IS they should always be
there can be no need of the sweeping
assertion OF DR.. Draper when he say
that "stoves are the vil5st invent ion
ever conceived; they possess all thl
defects Of the hot-a;r furnaces Will
none of its advantages for I lhinl
that, with the exception of little ra
diation, and that partially indirect, ",
have the principle of the hot-air fur
mace without its expense. AT least
do not hesitate to assert that the plal
| have suggested, if arranged Will
ordinary ingenuity cannot fail to be
great Improvement over the naked
cast iron stove. All stoves, however
are not alike good; and discretion mus
be used in choosing the best, and ar
ranging them, SO as to best economic
and equalize the heat.


! do not design to speak of hot-a
furnaces and steam heating apparatus
as they are beyond the reach ofmos
of our rural districts; and in the large
towns and cities, the competition 0
trade and the assistance of experienc
ed architects and engineers of yentila
tion and heating, usually effect the dc
sired end III manner somewhat com
mensurate with the civilization 0. the
times.


l come now to the last of the subjects
assigned me, viz: General Structure
Of School-houses.' And here. shall
take little liberty with my subject
and not confnc myself SO particularly
to the inquiry, how shall they be
bults as, how shall they be relieved OF
some Of the hindrances about them
that stand in the way of their greatest
!