" Claude Cohen-Tannoudji France William Daniel Phillips United States 1998 Robert B. Laughlin United States "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations" Horst Ludwig Störmer Germany Daniel Chee Tsui China United States 1999 Gerard 't Hooft Netherlands "for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics" Martinus J. G. Veltman Netherlands 2000 Zhores Ivanovich Alferov Russia "for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and optoelectronics " Herbert Kroemer Germany Jack St. Clair Kilby United States "for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit " 2001 Eric Allin Cornell United States "for the achievement of Bose–Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates" Carl Edwin Wieman United States Wolfgang Ketterle Germany 2002 Raymond Davis, Jr. United States "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics , in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos " Masatoshi Koshiba Japan Riccardo Giacconi Italy United States "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources " 2003 Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov Russia United States "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids " Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg Russia Anthony James Leggett United Kingdom United States 2004 David J. Gross United States "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction " Hugh David Politzer United States Frank Wilczek United States 2005 Roy J. Glauber United States "for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence " John L. Hall United States "for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy , including the optical frequency comb technique" Theodor W. Hänsch Germany 2006 John C. Mather United States "for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation " George F. Smoot United States 2007 Albert Fert France "for the discovery of giant magnetoresistance " Peter Grünberg Germany 2008 Makoto Kobayashi Japan "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature" Toshihide Maskawa Japan Yoichiro Nambu Japan United States "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics" 2009 Charles K. Kao Hong Kong United Kingdom United States "for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication " Willard S. Boyle Canada United States "for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor " George E. Smith United States 2010 Andre Geim United Kingdom Netherlands "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene " Konstantin Novoselov Russia United Kingdom 2011 Saul Perlmutter United States "for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae " Brian P. Schmidt Australia United States Adam G. Riess United States 2012 Serge Haroche France "for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems .