---
dataset_info:
  features:
  - name: laser_score
    dtype: float64
  - name: lang1
    dtype: string
  - name: text1
    dtype: string
  - name: lang2
    dtype: string
  - name: text2
    dtype: string
  - name: blaser_sim
    dtype: float64
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 2279333006.0
    num_examples: 9983398
  download_size: 1825697094
  dataset_size: 2279333006.0
configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/train-*
license: odc-by
task_categories:
- translation
pretty_name: nllb-200-10M-sample
size_categories:
- 1M<n<10M
language:
  - ak   # aka_Latn Akan
  - am   # amh_Ethi Amharic
  - ar   # arb_Arab Modern Standard Arabic
  - awa  # awa_Deva Awadhi
  - azj  # azj_Latn North Azerbaijani
  - bm   # bam_Latn Bambara
  - ban  # ban_Latn Balinese
  - be   # bel_Cyrl Belarusian
  - bem  # bem_Latn Bemba
  - bn   # ben_Beng Bengali
  - bho  # bho_Deva Bhojpuri
  - bjn  # bjn_Latn Banjar (Latin script)
  - bug  # bug_Latn Buginese
  - bg   # bul_Cyrl Bulgarian
  - ca   # cat_Latn Catalan
  - ceb  # ceb_Latn Cebuano
  - cs   # ces_Latn Czech
  - cjk  # cjk_Latn Chokwe
  - ckb  # ckb_Arab Central Kurdish
  - crh  # crh_Latn Crimean Tatar
  - da   # dan_Latn Danish
  - de   # deu_Latn German
  - dik  # dik_Latn Southwestern Dinka
  - dyu  # dyu_Latn Dyula
  - el   # ell_Grek Greek
  - en   # eng_Latn English
  - eo   # epo_Latn Esperanto
  - et   # est_Latn Estonian
  - ee   # ewe_Latn Ewe
  - fo   # fao_Latn Faroese
  - fj   # fij_Latn Fijian
  - fi   # fin_Latn Finnish
  - fon  # fon_Latn Fon
  - fr   # fra_Latn French
  - fur  # fur_Latn Friulian
  - ff   # fuv_Latn Nigerian Fulfulde
  - gaz  # gaz_Latn West Central Oromo
  - gd   # gla_Latn Scottish Gaelic
  - ga   # gle_Latn Irish
  - gl   # glg_Latn Galician
  - gn   # grn_Latn Guarani
  - gu   # guj_Gujr Gujarati
  - ht   # hat_Latn Haitian Creole
  - ha   # hau_Latn Hausa
  - he   # heb_Hebr Hebrew
  - hi   # hin_Deva Hindi
  - hne  # hne_Deva Chhattisgarhi
  - hr   # hrv_Latn Croatian
  - hu   # hun_Latn Hungarian
  - hy   # hye_Armn Armenian
  - ig   # ibo_Latn Igbo
  - ilo  # ilo_Latn Ilocano
  - id   # ind_Latn Indonesian
  - is   # isl_Latn Icelandic
  - it   # ita_Latn Italian
  - jv   # jav_Latn Javanese
  - ja   # jpn_Jpan Japanese
  - kab  # kab_Latn Kabyle
  - kac  # kac_Latn Jingpho
  - kam  # kam_Latn Kamba
  - kn   # kan_Knda Kannada
  - ks   # kas_Arab Kashmiri (Arabic script)
  - ks   # kas_Deva Kashmiri (Devanagari script)
  - ka   # kat_Geor Georgian
  - kk   # kaz_Cyrl Kazakh
  - kbp  # kbp_Latn Kabiyè
  - kea  # kea_Latn Kabuverdianu
  - mn   # khk_Cyrl Halh Mongolian
  - km   # khm_Khmr Khmer
  - ki   # kik_Latn Kikuyu
  - rw   # kin_Latn Kinyarwanda
  - ky   # kir_Cyrl Kyrgyz
  - kmb  # kmb_Latn Kimbundu
  - kmr  # kmr_Latn Northern Kurdish
  - kr   # knc_Arab Central Kanuri (Arabic script)
  - kr   # knc_Latn Central Kanuri (Latin script)
  - kg   # kon_Latn Kikongo
  - ko   # kor_Hang Korean
  - lo   # lao_Laoo Lao
  - lij  # lij_Latn Ligurian
  - li   # lim_Latn Limburgish
  - ln   # lin_Latn Lingala
  - lt   # lit_Latn Lithuanian
  - lmo  # lmo_Latn Lombard
  - ltg  # ltg_Latn Latgalian
  - lb   # ltz_Latn Luxembourgish
  - lua  # lua_Latn Luba-Kasai
  - lg   # lug_Latn Ganda
  - luo  # luo_Latn Luo
  - lus  # lus_Latn Mizo
  - lv   # lvs_Latn Standard Latvian
  - mag  # mag_Deva Magahi
  - mai  # mai_Deva Maithili
  - ml   # mal_Mlym Malayalam
  - mr   # mar_Deva Marathi
  - min  # min_Latn Minangkabau (Latin script)
  - mk   # mkd_Cyrl Macedonian
  - mt   # mlt_Latn Maltese
  - mni  # mni_Beng Meitei (Bengali script)
  - mos  # mos_Latn Mossi
  - mi   # mri_Latn Maori
  - my   # mya_Mymr Burmese
  - nl   # nld_Latn Dutch
  - nb   # nob_Latn Norwegian Bokmål
  - ne   # npi_Deva Nepali
  - nso  # nso_Latn Northern Sotho
  - nus  # nus_Latn Nuer
  - ny   # nya_Latn Nyanja
  - oc   # oci_Latn Occitan
  - ory  # ory_Orya Odia
  - pag  # pag_Latn Pangasinan
  - pa   # pan_Guru Eastern Panjabi
  - pap  # pap_Latn Papiamento
  - pbt  # pbt_Arab Southern Pashto
  - fa   # pes_Arab Western Persian
  - plt  # plt_Latn Plateau Malagasy
  - pl   # pol_Latn Polish
  - pt   # por_Latn Portuguese
  - prs  # prs_Arab Dari
  - qu   # quy_Latn Ayacucho Quechua
  - ro   # ron_Latn Romanian
  - rn   # run_Latn Rundi
  - ru   # rus_Cyrl Russian
  - sg   # sag_Latn Sango
  - sa   # san_Deva Sanskrit
  - sat  # sat_Beng ?
  - scn  # scn_Latn Sicilian
  - shn  # shn_Mymr Shan
  - si   # sin_Sinh Sinhala
  - sk   # slk_Latn Slovak
  - sl   # slv_Latn Slovenian
  - sm   # smo_Latn Samoan
  - sn   # sna_Latn Shona
  - sd   # snd_Arab Sindhi
  - so   # som_Latn Somali
  - st   # sot_Latn Southern Sotho
  - es   # spa_Latn Spanish
  - sc   # srd_Latn Sardinian
  - sr   # srp_Cyrl Serbian
  - ss   # ssw_Latn Swati
  - su   # sun_Latn Sundanese
  - sv   # swe_Latn Swedish
  - sw   # swh_Latn Swahili
  - szl  # szl_Latn Silesian
  - ta   # tam_Taml Tamil
  - taq  # taq_Latn Tamasheq (Latin script)
  - tt   # tat_Cyrl Tatar
  - te   # tel_Telu Telugu
  - tg   # tgk_Cyrl Tajik
  - tl   # tgl_Latn Tagalog
  - ti   # tir_Ethi Tigrinya
  - tpi  # tpi_Latn Tok Pisin
  - tn   # tsn_Latn Tswana
  - ts   # tso_Latn Tsonga
  - tk   # tuk_Latn Turkmen
  - tum  # tum_Latn Tumbuka
  - tr   # tur_Latn Turkish
  - tw   # twi_Latn Twi
  - tzm  # tzm_Tfng Central Atlas Tamazight
  - ug   # uig_Arab Uyghur
  - uk   # ukr_Cyrl Ukrainian
  - umb  # umb_Latn Umbundu
  - ur   # urd_Arab Urdu
  - uz   # uzn_Latn Northern Uzbek
  - vec  # vec_Latn Venetian
  - vi   # vie_Latn Vietnamese
  - war  # war_Latn Waray
  - wo   # wol_Latn Wolof
  - xh   # xho_Latn Xhosa
  - yi   # ydd_Hebr Eastern Yiddish
  - yo   # yor_Latn Yoruba
  - zh   # zho_Hans Chinese (Simplified)
  - zh   # zho_Hant Chinese (Traditional)
  - ms   # zsm_Latn Standard Malay
  - zu   # zul_Latn Zulu
---
# Dataset Card for "nllb-200-10M-sample"

This is a sample of nearly 10M sentence pairs from the [NLLB-200](https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.04672) 
mined dataset [allenai/nllb](https://huggingface.co/datasets/allenai/nllb), 
scored with the model [facebook/blaser-2.0-qe](https://huggingface.co/facebook/blaser-2.0-qe) 
described in the [SeamlessM4T](https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.11596) paper.

The sample is not random; instead, we just took the top `n` sentence pairs from each translation direction.
The number `n` was computed with the goal of upsamping the directions that contain underrepresented languages.
Nevertheless, the 187 languoids (language and script combinations) are not represented equally,
with most languoids totaling 36K to 200K sentences.
Over 60% of the sentence pairs have BLASER-QE score above 3.5.

This dataset can be used for fine-tuning massively multilingual translation models. 
We suggest the following scenario:
- Filter the dataset by the value of `blaser_sim` (the recommended threshold is 3.0 or 3.5);
- Randomly swap the source/target roles in the sentence pairs during data loading;
- Use that data to augment the dataset while fine-tuning an NLLB-like model for a new translation direction,
in order to mitigate forgetting of all the other translation directions.

The dataset is released under the terms of [ODC-BY](https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1-0/). 
By using this, you are also bound to the respective Terms of Use and License of the original source.

Citation:
- NLLB Team et al, *No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translation*, Arxiv https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.04672, 2022.
- Seamless Communication et al, *SeamlessM4T — Massively Multilingual & Multimodal Machine Translation*, Arxiv https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.11596, 2023.

The following language codes are supported. The mapping between languages and codes can be found in the [NLLB-200 paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.04672)
or in the [FLORES-200 repository](https://github.com/facebookresearch/flores/blob/main/flores200/README.md#languages-in-flores-200).
```
aka_Latn amh_Ethi arb_Arab awa_Deva azj_Latn bam_Latn ban_Latn bel_Cyrl bem_Latn ben_Beng bho_Deva bjn_Latn
bug_Latn bul_Cyrl cat_Latn ceb_Latn ces_Latn cjk_Latn ckb_Arab crh_Latn dan_Latn deu_Latn dik_Latn dyu_Latn
ell_Grek eng_Latn epo_Latn est_Latn ewe_Latn fao_Latn fij_Latn fin_Latn fon_Latn fra_Latn fur_Latn fuv_Latn
gaz_Latn gla_Latn gle_Latn glg_Latn grn_Latn guj_Gujr hat_Latn hau_Latn heb_Hebr hin_Deva hne_Deva hrv_Latn
hun_Latn hye_Armn ibo_Latn ilo_Latn ind_Latn isl_Latn ita_Latn jav_Latn jpn_Jpan kab_Latn kac_Latn kam_Latn
kan_Knda kas_Arab kas_Deva kat_Geor kaz_Cyrl kbp_Latn kea_Latn khk_Cyrl khm_Khmr kik_Latn kin_Latn kir_Cyrl
kmb_Latn kmr_Latn knc_Arab knc_Latn kon_Latn kor_Hang lao_Laoo lij_Latn lim_Latn lin_Latn lit_Latn lmo_Latn
ltg_Latn ltz_Latn lua_Latn lug_Latn luo_Latn lus_Latn lvs_Latn mag_Deva mai_Deva mal_Mlym mar_Deva min_Latn
mkd_Cyrl mlt_Latn mni_Beng mos_Latn mri_Latn mya_Mymr nld_Latn nob_Latn npi_Deva nso_Latn nus_Latn nya_Latn
oci_Latn ory_Orya pag_Latn pan_Guru pap_Latn pbt_Arab pes_Arab plt_Latn pol_Latn por_Latn prs_Arab quy_Latn
ron_Latn run_Latn rus_Cyrl sag_Latn san_Deva sat_Beng scn_Latn shn_Mymr sin_Sinh slk_Latn slv_Latn smo_Latn
sna_Latn snd_Arab som_Latn sot_Latn spa_Latn srd_Latn srp_Cyrl ssw_Latn sun_Latn swe_Latn swh_Latn szl_Latn
tam_Taml taq_Latn tat_Cyrl tel_Telu tgk_Cyrl tgl_Latn tir_Ethi tpi_Latn tsn_Latn tso_Latn tuk_Latn tum_Latn
tur_Latn twi_Latn tzm_Tfng uig_Arab ukr_Cyrl umb_Latn urd_Arab uzn_Latn vec_Latn vie_Latn war_Latn wol_Latn
xho_Latn ydd_Hebr yor_Latn zho_Hans zho_Hant zsm_Latn zul_Latn
```