Impact-driven Exploration with Contrastive Unsupervised Representations
Authors: Min Jae Song, Dan Kushnir
Keywords: reinforcement learning, exploration, curiosity, episodic memory
Abstract: Procedurally-generated sparse reward environments pose significant challenges for many RL algorithms. The recently proposed impact-driven exploration method (RIDE) by Raileanu & Rocktäschel (2020), which rewards actions that lead to large changes (measured by $\ell_2$-distance) in the observation embedding, achieves state-of-the-art performance on such procedurally-generated MiniGrid tasks. Yet, the definition of "impact" in RIDE is not conceptually clear because its learned embedding space is not inherently equipped with any similarity measure, let alone $\ell_2$-distance. We resolve this issue in RIDE via contrastive learning. That is, we train the embedding with respect to cosine similarity, where we define two observations to be similar if the agent can reach one observation from the other within a few steps, and define impact in terms of this similarity measure. Experimental results show that our method performs similarly to RIDE on the MiniGrid benchmarks while learning a conceptually clear embedding space equipped with the cosine similarity measure. Our modification of RIDE also provides a new perspective which connects RIDE and episodic curiosity (Savinov et al., 2019), a different exploration method which rewards the agent for visiting states that are unfamiliar to the agent's episodic memory. By incorporating episodic memory into our method, we outperform RIDE on the MiniGrid benchmarks.