Deepström Networks
Authors: Luc Giffon, Hachem Kadri, Stéphane Ayache, Thierry Artières
Keywords: kernels, Nyström approximation, deep convnets
TL;DR: A new neural architecture where top dense layers of standard convolutional architectures are replaced with an approximation of a kernel function by relying on the Nyström approximation.
Abstract: Recent work has focused on combining kernel methods and deep learning. With this in mind, we introduce Deepström networks -- a new architecture of neural networks which we use to replace top dense layers of standard convolutional architectures with an approximation of a kernel function by relying on the Nyström approximation. 
Our approach is easy highly flexible. It is compatible with any kernel function and it allows exploiting multiple kernels. 
We show that Deepström networks reach state-of-the-art performance on standard datasets like SVHN and CIFAR100. One benefit of the method lies in its limited number of learnable parameters which make it particularly suited for small training set sizes, e.g. from 5 to 20 samples per class. Finally we illustrate two ways of using multiple kernels, including a multiple Deepström  setting, that exploits a kernel on each feature map output by the convolutional part of the model.