Unsupervised Latent Tree Induction with Deep Inside-Outside Recursive Auto-Encoders 
Authors: Andrew Drozdov, Patrick Verga, Mohit Yadev, Mohit Iyyer, Andrew McCallum
Keywords: latent-tree-learning, unsupervised-parsing
TL;DR: In this work we propose deep inside-outside recursive auto-encoders(DIORA)  a  fully  unsupervised  method  of  discovering  syntax  while  simultaneously learning representations for discovered constituents. 
Abstract: Syntax is a powerful abstraction for language understanding. Many downstream tasks require segmenting input text into meaningful constituent chunks (e.g., noun phrases or entities); more generally, models for learning semantic representations of text benefit from integrating syntax in the form of parse trees (e.g., tree-LSTMs). Supervised parsers have traditionally been used to obtain these trees, but lately interest has increased in unsupervised methods that induce syntactic representations directly from unlabeled text. To this end, we propose the deep inside-outside recursive autoencoder (DIORA), a fully-unsupervised method for discovering syntax that simultaneously learns representations for constituents within the induced tree. Unlike many prior approaches, DIORA does not rely on supervision from auxiliary downstream tasks and is thus not constrained to particular domains. Furthermore, competing approaches do not learn explicit phrase representations along with tree structures, which limits their applicability to phrase-based tasks. Extensive experiments on unsupervised parsing, segmentation, and phrase clustering demonstrate the efficacy of our method. DIORA achieves the state of the art in unsupervised parsing (46.9 F1) on the benchmark WSJ dataset.