Neural Random Projections for Language Modelling
Authors: Davide Nunes, Luis Antunes
Keywords: neural networks, language modelling, natural language processing, uncertainty, random projections
TL;DR: Neural language models can be trained with a compressed embedding space, by using sparse random projections, created incrementally for each unique discrete input.
Abstract: Neural network-based language models deal with data sparsity problems by mapping the large discrete space of words into a smaller continuous space of real-valued vectors. By learning distributed vector representations for words, each training sample informs the neural network model about a combinatorial number of other patterns. In this paper, we exploit the sparsity in natural language even further by encoding each unique input word using a fixed sparse random representation. 
These sparse codes are then projected onto a smaller embedding space which allows for the encoding of word occurrences from a possibly unknown vocabulary, along with the creation of more compact language models using a reduced number of parameters. We investigate the properties of our encoding mechanism empirically, by evaluating its performance on the widely used Penn Treebank corpus. We show that guaranteeing approximately equidistant vector representations for unique discrete inputs is enough to provide the neural network model with enough information to learn --and make use-- of 
distributed representations for these inputs.