This format is painful to read, so I'm copying the content here. This is a series of tweets by https://twitter.com/balajis

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If you are using software to go after a legacy physical vertical, we are most excited if you do it "full stack" [0].

With @counsyl, we found that one cannot live by bioinformatics alone. So built a full clinical lab + software + national salesforce.

Here is a video of our robotic genome factory: Also: insurance coverage, clearances, clinical integration... [1]

The reason to do full stack is that it's hard to replace just one layer of an outdated legacy stack. CAC & integration costs can kill.

For example, consider "restaurant powered by technology" vs "tech for restaurants". With code, reinvent industry and make better margins.

You cannot automate something till you've done it manually many times. You cannot abstract an API till you've seen many specific examples.

Need to build a site of the scale of http://Amazon.com - and encounter all the problems - before you could do http://aws.amazon.com .

Reinventing agriculture? Build new kind of farm, w/ solar panels & self-driving tractors. Control all factors, show that code cuts costs.

More examples of full stack startups.. Education: [2], Autos: [3], Hospitality: [4]

By doing it end-to-end, you see things. First, sometimes a good reason beyond tradition (eg regulatory, logistical) for legacy practices.

Second, your control of adjacent layers may eliminate the initial problem you were trying to solve. Analogous to: [5]

Third, solving whole problem builds respect in your vertical. Now you can recruit best people. Their experience + your code = invincible.

Fourth, your margins improve nonlinearly once you control the full stack. Simply having all orders in DB from day one is transformative.

Remember: for many legacy cos, IT = cost center. They only adopted the code. You were born in it, moulded by it. [6]

"Muni commissioned a $3 million audit..after two years..figured out where people were getting on the bus." [7]

A full stack technology-powered bus service (like @leaptransit, soon to relaunch) can dump that from database for $0 in <1 second.

First full stack entrant into a given vertical is formidably protean. Morph your product just by hitting keys. Ex: [8]

Why not more full stack startups? Perhaps #1: recruiting difficulty. Need experts in many different areas. Must know what you don't know.

A good way to get around this: gain vocabulary. Find best cos in your vertical. Read bios of execs on LinkedIn. Google new terms. Repeat.

Now you know regulations/acronyms/terms like CPT, 510(k), KOL. Repeated mentions increase relevance; prioritize accordingly.

Email the best. Read blogs, get context. Now you know kung fu, or at least know you need to hire kung fu master. [9]

In near term, expect iconic full stack companies in areas like biomedicine (3DP/genomics/qself), finance (bitcoin), aviation (drones).

Uber/Lyft, Airbnb, Tesla just the start. Poetically: almost any vertical regulated by a TLA is ripe for an eventual full stack co IPO.

Under appreciated aspect: full stack company can manage compliance more easily once beyond early stage. Hit enter, dump DB, submit form.

An ideal full stack co has:
a) git/DVCS at the core
b) domain experts
c) domain monetization knowledge
d) a burning reason to fix things

As @justinkan wrote recently [10], unit economics dominate physical businesses. So monetization usually starts early.

In re: funding, full stack startups can be more expensive than pure code. Best candidates often 2nd time founder with domain knowledge.

But are thinking hard on alt funding models, for both open source [11] & full stack cos [12].

With that said, b/c VC = power law [13], full stack startups arguably easier to fund b/c easier to envision 1B+.

Finally, the best full stack founders have ambition to think big and the pragmatism to start as small as possible (but no smaller).

1B+ lifetime funding doesn't phase us. 1B+ up front usually a bad sign. Careful staging + thought on monetization = pragmatic ambition.

To sum up: @cdixon & I love full stack cos. If you're a founder w/ company built on git + TLA knowledge + pragmatic ambition, do ping.

By request, some specific examples of full stack startup ideas in a few verticals: law, medicine, architecture, restaurants, accounting.

Full stack law firm: template all contracts, law APIs as core [14], [15], hyperdeflate legal costs.

Full stack clinic: mobile EMR/EHR, qself, genomics, telemed. Employ MDs w/ tech skills. Accept insurance, prefer cash subscriptions.

Full stack architect: put @vannevartech APIs at core of new construction co. Start with unmanned buildings like datacenters to derisk.

Full stack architect: Ultimate goal = hit enter to build a building w/ drones [16] + prefab [17].

Full stack accounting firm: Given bank account, auto prepare it all: tax to diligence to S-1 w/ legal sign off. (@xero could do this).

Full stack restaurant: Mobile order/pay/reserve, A/B tested dynamic menus w/ supply chain integration, robot prep: [18]

If goal is full stack, always talk to execs in field early on. Few words can save years of work, identify key cost centers & hard parts.

Note: can start all of these as "just" a new clinic/restaurant/accountant/architect/law firm. Think big, start small. Prove, then scale.

[0] http://cdixon.org/2014/03/15/full-stack-startups/

[1] http://www.technologyreview.com/video/521121/innovators-unde...

[2] http://techcrunch.com/2014/03/18/former-googlers-altschool-r...

[3] http://www.forbes.com/sites/jimgorzelany/2014/02/27/why-tesl...

[4] http://www.fastcompany.com/3027107/punk-meet-rock-airbnb-bri...

[5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescoping_series

[6] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F157geaXp_w

[7] http://www.sfweekly.com/2010-04-14/news/the-muni-death-spira...

[8] http://www.wired.com/2014/02/teslas-air-fix-best-example-yet...

[9] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vMO3XmNXe4&feature=youtu.be

[10] http://justinkan.com/exec-errands-post-mortem

[11] http://startupboy.com/2014/03/09/the-bitcoin-model-for-crowd...

[12] http://jerzygangi.com/why-silicon-valley-funds-instagrams-no... (404)

[13] http://blakemasters.com/post/21869934240/peter-thiels-cs183-...

[14] http://blog.csdisco.com/2013/05/01/the-future-of-legal-techn...

[15] https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Contract

[16] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W18Z3UnnS_0

[17] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hdpf-MQM9vY

[18] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0GKIQdpscg