skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Constitutions work like anything else in politics: if nobody acknowledges their validity, they might as well not exist. In other words, if nobody opposes voiding the constitution, it can be voided regardless of what it claims.

Of course most countries with such provisions have some systems in place to prevent this from happening (e.g. by having a supreme court that is legally bound to act in the spirit of the constitution).

Countries ceasing to exist is actually an interesting topic.

Germany, for example, is generally regarded to have been founded in its current form after WW2 when it received its Grundgesetz (literally "foundational law") that effectively became its constitution. The Federal Republic is not the same government as the Third Reich.

However a few decades later the Democratic Republic (East Germany) dissolved and was absorbed by the Federal Republic. So cities in East Germany were formerly German under the Third Reich, then German in the Democratic Republic and now German in the Federal Republic.

Additionally the Third Reich is called "the Third" because there were two other empires preceding it: the Weimar Republic (1919-1933) and the German Empire (1871-1918). So if we consider the Federal Republic as a successor to all three of these, does that mean Germany only existed since the foundation of the German Empire in 1871?

Well, no. Germany as the political entity we would today recognize as Germany indeed began in 1871, but it was preceded (with a few years of chaos in between) by the looser German Confederation (1815-1866) which in turn was preceded by the much larger Holy Roman Empire (962-1806).

If you try to dig any deeper than that you end up with various kingdoms incorporating separate parts of what later became Germany and a lot of parts we wouldn't consider German, so at that point the term "Germany" loses its meaning.

But in all that basically means there are three separate entities we could think of as "Germany":

1. The Federal Republic of Germany, which is an internationally recognized country today.

2. The internationally recognized nation of Germany, which has existed since the foundation of the German Empire and which since the reunification is represented solely by the Federal Republic.

3. The socio-cultural entity we call Germany, which dates back to the Holy Roman Empire (and, in parts, even beyond).

Also consider the role of Austria during WW2: because Austria had been annexed by Germany ("voluntary" or not) it effectively ceased to exist as a separate entity. However Austrians would very much disagree if you said that Austria as an entity ceased to exist as well (and later popped into existence again).

It gets even more complicated if you consider all the various parts that were at various times part of "Germany" (in any of its forms) or not.

At the end of the day, a country is whatever other countries agree to be a county and the cultural, geographic and political definitions tend to not always line up.
The Importance of Design and UI When Buying Software
Ah, somehow I skipped your comment when reading through them; otherwise I would've just upvoted instead of posted :)
But the burglars!!!! And bad nannies!!!! And bad housekeepers!!!! And I have nothing to hide!!!!
I don't think I'll ever understand the sense of entitlement people who advocate this idea of 'copyleft license or else' seem to have.

There's nothing bad about Apple not using a copyleft license. I'm glad we live in a world where they can pick any license they want. Apple could have kept Swift closed source if they wanted, and I would have been okay with that - while I might have liked for them to make it open source, it's completely up to them what they want to do with it.
If only management understood this. Actually, I think good managers do understand this, and do it anyway, because if you take the general case and look at it from above, methodologies do improve upon chaos.
I'd say, more importantly, it has an 8-bit data bus. It is the 4 bit address bus which cripples it. By comparison, the 4004 has a 4 bit data bus and 4 bit registers, but a 12 bit (4KByte) address bus.
It has never been Apple's style to release a statement for situations like this.

Expect to see it implemented, sites like iCloud made to take advantage of it, performance metrics aka marketing collateral gathered and then a slide or two at an upcoming Apple Event with cheers from the audience.

Apple is a product company first and a technology company second.
IMO non-copyleft opensource licenses are better for technology push as they lower the barriers for the closedsource industry to embrace and extend the technology.

This might also be the case with Apple and Swift.
I came up with DOS. Sad me
It's the same.

All iOS devices except the iPad Air 2 have less than 2GB RAM (most 512 MB). Android 1-4 devices have often less than 1GB RAM. It's common that only 1-3 apps can stay in RAM depending on the platform and the apps memory usage (foreground apps, not background services).

Applications/games in the Win95/PS1/N64 era were coded a lot more efficient. Back than, a common Win95a PC had 4-8MB RAM, (highend was 32MB).
Ruby Error Handling, Beyond the Basics
It's weird that a web business with an actual revenue stream gets such a lot of flack for a high valuation. They aren't Facebook or Instagram, they are a monopoly and will make stacks of cash. But does make me think there's a market big enough for a few smaller players here...
This is premature. Wait and see on Swift2.0. Seems knee-jerk reaction. I mean, "Apple is not our friend"?
No for-profit is our friend. Stating the obvious doesn't reinforce the point made in the editorial that the author fears programmers will be bamboozled by Apple possibly not following through on their promises.
What we need is declarative html markup again (JS optional).

CSS also should be optional.

Otherwise, long live adblock, noscript, user stylesheets, ...
So I guess Nests servers will become a very interesting hacker target.
I completely see your point. But then we've learned from microsoft "embrace, extend and estinguish" tactics that something that may look good at first happens to be, in fact, just a trap to lock you into spending money for something that you didn't used to.

Imagine that swift becomes a super dominant language both for client and server, but that half of the ecosystem still remains locked by Apple, to have you buy apple products (like developing for iOS today requires you to buy apple products, which i personally don't mind because i love their products, but it shouldn't be mandatory).

I guess it's normal that developers as a community takes great care into what path they're heading toward.
Website is not evaluated. Business they make using that particular website is. There is a difference... while making airbnb website can take you 3 months with a good team of devs... building business of this magnitude will take years
Fair point. CSS too.

But they are leaner than piles of javascript which is in turn leaner (at least from a dev stack point of view) than a full compilation stack and process.

We have quite a range of useful options for our needs now:

* Plain text. Sometimes it is all you need. Just server text/plain via HTTP and be done. Add markdown or similar as you see fit.

* HTML+CSS for most occasions because you want to add at least a little style.

* Add in a little JS when you need some basic interactivity or because you are presenting a lot of information and the option to hide/collapse some of it is useful to the user.

* Add a lot of JS and libraries once you are getting into proper "application" territory rather than just a fancy page of information.

* Start compiling form other languages when for your project needs some constructs not available or easily emulatable.

* Start considering WebAssembly when your project really really needs the performance gains possible over JIT compiled JS (or you want the binary format for obfuscation purposes)

None of those options invalidates the ones before it, so it really does come down to having a good selection of tools and picking the right one for the job. The fact it is all cross-platform (at least it is if you ignore "legacy" browsers like IE6 and Android 2.3.x, don't mind using less efficient polyfills for the not-quite-legacy-yet options, and are careful to remain compatible with a range of screen sizes and (once you introduce interactivity) input methods) and the big names appear to be playing nice enough is icing on the cake.

I think we are living in good times in this respect.
I think of it as an insurance policy. If I release my server side code as agpl, I know that anyone who uses it also has to share the code in their servers has to share it with their users.

In my simple mind, open source is a developer construct while free software is a user construct. Thank you for bringing a user's perspective in explaining GPL.
Exactly! I've been doing the happy dance for 15 minutes and my wife, after looking at me a bit funny, totally understands.
Job board for developers
Am I the only one who thinks there actually is quite a difference between minified & obfuscated javascript vs bytecode?

Minification & obfuscation can only do so much without changing the logic of the script. Sure, spaces are removed, variable and function names make no sense, but most of the logic is still there just as the developer intended.

If we look at compiled Java/C++/Any high level language code, how the application logic is presented is substantially different from the original logic of the application. Making it so much harder to understand how the application works.
Looking at his own piece of code in a fairly enough large application and thinking "dammit why did I wrote this specific piece of code, it doesn't make sense".
I was half expecting to see a stream of a guy stuck in a cave.
I also want to build my projects and get money but I'm not sure I want what I call "dependencies" - employees, investors. Probably I can off-load this task to a few closest partners.

As a simple human I can fulfill all my desires and it doesn't cost millions.

Creative journey for me is more important than business race.
> Yeah, Apple definitely doesn't like copyleft. That's okay; lots of people don't (especially larger companies – how many large companies actively release GPLd software?). It's a legitimate business decision, and there are some good arguments that support it (which you may or may not agree with).

While I do agree with your point, I do also find it frustrating when businesses' are quick to base their core components on copyleft licensed code (eg CUPS, kHTML, Mach, OpenSSH, OpenSSL, Apache httpd, many GNU projects, and much more https://www.apple.com/opensource/), often only releasing patches because of their legal obvigation. Yet they are quicker to hoard their own technologies claiming they've "innovated" the industry and that their technology "works like magic".

It feels extremely disingenuous and I think that's why Apple is met with such criticism and skepticism by their critics.

I appreciate that there are other companies who mix and match open with closed proprietary solutions, but Apple seem to me to be the worst and most aggressive for exaggerating the significance and originality of their own proprietary code relative to the amount of copyleft code they depend on to run their software stack.

edit: s/copyleft/open source/g Sorry for the school boy error
> I'm often pointing out in my recent talks how complex and treacherous the Open Source and Free Software political climate became in the last decade.

The climate would be a lot more relaxed if the open source community picked spokespersons who are less fanatical and a bit more level headed than the current crop of leaders (among which rms, esr and the author of this strongly biased article).
Hiring Interns (in London): Full stack developer
Salary : Negotiable + travel/food expenses depending on experience. Evaluation for full-time role with equity in December 2015
Hours : Full Time
Joining : As soon as possible
Office : East London,near Old Street area

Who are we looking for:
We’re looking for a passionate programmer who has been hacking for at least 2-3 years to join as an intern in our team, and to pick up one or more languages fully (Python/Django, Java/Android, Objective C/iOS).

About Earthmiles:
Earthmiles (http://www.earthmiles.co.uk) is a London based funded startup that is disrupting traditional marketing practices in health & wellness by combining them with grassroots-level CSR.

Must-have skills/experience:
* Good grasp of computer programming concepts

Nice to have skills/experience:
* Objective-C and/or Swift iOS programming or Java/Android programming with demonstrable apps on the App Store/Play Store; and experience in Python/Django would be great
* REST API and asynchronous programming techniques, some working knowledge of backend systems that servers data to front end

We use the following technologies:

* Python/Django backend, deployed on AWS
* Test driven programming
* Git based versioning

Please include links to examples of your work when you apply and your github account id, if you have one.

If interested please reach out me at: viren[at]earthmiles.co.uk
It's a bit like WHAT WG's change of HTML5 to HTML (the "living standard"), but less drastic.
What’s New in Swift 2.0: A Brief Introduction
Yeah. Best to do it at night!
You sound like me. I also enjoy reading everything people like Scott, Terry Tao (https://terrytao.wordpress.com/) & Dick Lipton (https://rjlipton.wordpress.com/about-me/) post, but have a deep understanding approaching none of it. Nevertheless, I find complexity & algorithms interesting, and it's so far out of my daily routine that it's mentally stimulating even (nay, especially because) if I have to spend a few hours in Wikipedia with every post.
>Now, it's possible that these things are unrelated, but I believe I am correct in stating that Apple has never shipped GPLv3 software, and anything that has switched to v3, simply gets replaced or held back at its last v2 release (see https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3559990 ). The most likely explanation is that they are not prepared to be bound by the patent/tivoisation clauses.

Apple have been pretty open about why they don't like the GPLv3. It's not actually the patent clauses at all (their own Apple Public Source License predates the GPLv3 by several years and includes a patent grant): https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8868994

Unfortunately this bis of misinformation has become part of the public consciousness.
There's a video, among them

https://photos.google.com/share/AF1QipPX0SCl7OzWilt9LnuQliat...
This looks promising because a lot of people are (over)exposed to noise these days. It is not clear from site but it appears this only works when window is closed. I've been thinking from time to time about similar device which would cancel noise while window is open.
I think Google's severs already are an interesting target.
Activate your UPaisa Wallet and get the gift of 1000 minutes, SMS and MBs
The reason why Google went with writing their own version of Java has nothing to do with avoiding the GPL and everything to do with avoiding to have to pay money to Sun.
security nightmares ahead - running random binaries from the web - but wet dreams of privacy invaders of all sorts becoming real.
You will still be using sandboxed DOM APIs (that adds both overhead and restricted API access), you won't have access to app store stuff like in-app purchases and your adds will be blocked by adblock that will be shipping built-in to browsers.
> It's not a bad thing that your child has found a friend in you.

I don't think children need us as their friends - they have plenty of these all over the place. Plus, friendship and authority don't mix. The way I see that kids need us to be their guides and that's quite a bit different.
There are many reasons why it's unlikely to live at opensource.apple.com, here are some of them:

First off, some frontend features are only feasible by changing LLVM itself. This is uncommon but ultimately not rare at all, this is where IR features like musttail, inalloca, safestack and segmented stacks originated. It is unlikely that swift will never need such a change.

Secondly, it would directly contradict what Chris Lattner announced at WWDC: They are going to accept contributions (both ideas and code) from others.

Finally, a frontend which generates LLVM IR has a very tight dependency on LLVM itself. LLVM IR is allowed to freely evolve which, in turn, causes APIs to change or disappear. It is much easier to deal with this if your code lives on llvm.org because the community is obliged to make sure your code continues to work. People fix polly, lldb, clang, etc. if their change to LLVM broke them.
This is creepy as hell. Video saved to the cloud, owned/processed by Google? Yeah nope.
It is incredibly power hungry. The solution is more power. Breakthroughs in energy production. Or we could just do the obvious thing and build a lot more nuclear power, something we should have been doing for decades.

In the next 20 years, solar will take care of that problem regardless.
Passing context between microservices in go
How to make GDB work with Go properly
I had the same first reaction but would you have an objection if you only turned it on when nobody was home (purely to record intrusions)?
Over the last five years or so many communities in Denmark has made it mandatory to treat rain water separately from sewage to reduce the pressure on our water cleaning utilities and reuse the rain water directly. It is done by either running two separate sewer systems or using/disposing rain water on premise.
> Imagine that swift becomes a super dominant language both for client and server, but that half of the ecosystem still remains locked by Apple

Isn't that exactly the situation with C# and .net?

C# is kinda open source but the runtime is completely Microsoft's. Nobody seems to make a big deal of it, and C# developers seem pretty happy with their platform overall.
Minds.com Multiple Vulnerabilities [pdf]
Of course, i know that. Also they do a lot in every country, they advertise, they help people, but still, they don't produce goods. They have a lot of customers.But they are still "just a website" after all.
Interesting - thanks for posting.

He's waiting for a surgeon to have a meeting about him now. Not sure what the state of things is TBH.
Aha! Re-reading your previous comment I understood what you meant.

So Cassandra has a "logical" key that is the primary key, and the actual key from HBase-like DBs is derrived from cluster key and the primary key. So in essence it's "metric.timestamp" as a row key but only schema defined.

Nice.
If that is what he "expects" then he is clearly ignorant of the history of Apple and open source. The Apple Public Source License, Version 2.0 predates the GPLv3 by years and it includes a patent grant[1].

At one point Apple actually wanted to merge the entire of llvm into gcc, and were prepared to non-assert and patents that might be involved: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8868994

[1] http://www.opensource.apple.com/license/apsl/
This is great, as I find myself far too often squinting at some green thing and wondering WTF it is, BUT....

Having botanists do this is good for accuracy, horrible for scalability. A neater solution would be to, as the botanists identify species, fill in a number of key datum for them, e.g.

Where is it growing?

What colour are the flowers?

How many nodes do the leaves have?

Are the leaves serrated?

Is this plant parasitic?

etc.

Ask enough appropriate questions and you can identify the vast majority of cases - essentially "animal, mineral or vegetable" - thus freeing up the botanists to do the really tricky ones.
The trap ... which ironically only affects bleeding edge corporations ... is that it's usually cheaper superficially, but doing anything novel in the infrastructure space leads to enormous issues of supportability downstream. For all the complaints programmers have about noobs not knowing anything, or training new hires on company coding standards & practices, it's FAR worse on the infrastructure side.

I'd argue that traditional gear gets in the way a lot more than most people know / would think, but because you can pull any John Q Public off the street to support a Cisco or Juniper environment, "no one was ever fired for buying IBM" applies. Even investments in the common non-core networking gear is usually limited to just a handful of vendors so diversity isn't really a problem in most cases.
A Lua command prompt with pretty-printing and autocompletion
That is why I said practically rather than literally. It depends how scared management are of shareholder action (or, more cynically, how willing they are to use that thought as an excuse for what they wanted to do anyway).
As if the Ruby Community has more then enough resources to improve on TWO Compiler / Interpreter at the same time. Isn't it better to work together then to reinvent the wheel?

Speaking of compiler, the JIT for Ruby development has been very quiet for months.
And there is https://github.com/ccrisan/motionPie

Easy to install

Cheap because the hardware you need for that is a RasPi

...and you are in control of your data.

I'll stay with that. Even if the picture is not fullHD. I don't need that for the purposes described in the video.
This is definitely a product there's a need for, but the creepy component is there for sure. Fortunately, there are cameras that run their own servers, without a cloud component. Plus, it's easy to firewall everything going in/out of their IP and put them behind a reverse proxy.

I mean easy for me, not the general public.
Microsoft’s Anti-Surveillance Website Allegedly Hacked
Is there already a plugin out there that blocks this crap?
A side effect if you're going to use a video recording device as a baby monitor is that you then need to make sure that your children are clothed at all times while in its field of view.

Otherwise you're committing a very serious offence, especially if you're uploading those images to the internet.
Airbnb’s $24B Valuation
As it raises $1 billion in new funding, home-rental site Airbnb Inc. has given investors an ambitious revenue forecast to justify a richer valuation than hotel giant Marriott International Inc.

Representatives of Airbnb in recent months told potential investors the startup expects to make $850 million in revenue this year, according to people who viewed the projections. That would be more than triple the recorded revenue of $250 million in 2013. The company’s revenue is then expected to grow to $10 billion in 2020, said the people who viewed the projections.

The forecasts also show Airbnb’s business becoming profitable, reaching nearly $3 billion of earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization in 2020, according to these people. For the moment the company is burning cash to expand, and forecasts an operating loss of about $150 million this year.

Within the next two weeks, Airbnb expects to close a $1 billion funding round at a $24 billion valuation, according to people familiar with the matter. It isn’t clear which investors are taking part in the newest round.

To meet its lofty revenue targets, Airbnb would need to increase its share of the global lodging market from 1% to as much as 10% over the next five years, according to Douglas Quinby, an analyst with research firm Phocuswright.

http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-secret-math-of-airbnbs-24-billion-valuation-1434568517/
Can someone post a link thats not behind a paywall please
I think this aspect comes down to parental discretion. In my own experience, my father had a lot more influence over my actions once we interacted as equals, whereas when he tried to exert his authority as a parent, I tended to pull strongly in the opposite direction.
Neural networks are notoriously difficult to train due to the large number of hyper-parameters that need to be tuned. If your network never converged, it's possible your learning rate was too high, so it kept overshooting the minima of the loss function.