skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This is isn't quite how I would describe it. Git does do delta compression in packfiles, but the fundamental primitives lack deltas. It's just:

* The contents of this directory is this list of of files whose contents have these SHAs.

This is called a "tree".

The SHA of a tree is also an object, and can appear in another tree.

To see this for yourself, in any git repository run `git cat-file -p HEAD`. You'll see the (more or less) raw commit object for HEAD, which will point at a tree SHA. To see the contents of that tree-sha, run `git cat-file -p <the tree SHA>`. That tree object has a one-to-one correspondence with what you'll see on-disk in the objects directory, (if the object has not been put in a pack file).

Above I have more or less fully described the contents of the files found in `.git/objects`.

The delta'ing doesn't happen until later, if and when packfiles are constructed. But they're just a storage/bandwidth optimisation. AFAICT, these deltas have nothing to do with what you might think of as "git diff", which is just some fancy porcelain which looks at objects.

The nice property of the construction is that given a large tree, even if nested, if you change a single file in that tree, you will only change as many trees as the file is deep in the tree, so computing changes between two nearby trees can usually be done quickly.
The AutoDesk File is a great resource for understanding startups and business.
'what the government did in connection with the war on drugs was terribly destructive to our social fabric'
You could make an argument that the alleged murder for hire attempts were simply self defense. The consequence of being exposed is life in prison, and I don't think any of us can say with certainty how far we'd go to avoid life in prison. It's not like he was trying to have innocent bystanders murdered. If selling drugs was not a crime, there would be no opportunity for blackmail, and nobody to silence.
Loud works for radio, which used to drive sales.
For anyone interested in learning a little more about Esperanto, Duolingo just put their Esperanto course into public beta and there's a good amount of learning content already: https://www.duolingo.com/course/eo/en/Learn-Esperanto-Online.

There's also http://lernu.net, probably the most well-known source of Esperanto news, lessons and other stuff.

Amuziĝu!
Actually, hg sucks if you're collaborating with different people on different projects, because everyone has different hooks and extensions and so they insist on different workflows. On git everyone has compatible configs and the workflows mainly differ just in the number of long-running branches.
I find it amazing coming from such a background how you can remain enthusiastic about technology for warmaking.
Every year spent learning Latin in advance of a living language pushes the learning of that living language further out of the critical period of language acquisition.

What's wildly overstated is the benefit learning Latin has on anything other than taking the SAT. Studying French is much more beneficial to speaking French than studying Latin and I shouldn't have to explain why that is the case.
Glad to see everything so simplified. ...I used to think things weren't so black and white. Now I know better.
If I'm understanding correctly, "wrong address" really means "one whose private key is basically public, due to bad coding of the app." https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/37nlg1/i_was_the_g...

> the owner of the lucky 1Bn9ReEocMG1WEW1qYjuDrdFzEFFDCq43F address

There is not a meaningful "owner" of this address, because per above, lots of people could think they're the owner. They're actually very unfortunate, unless they've managed to profit off others sending money to it.

There's some good discussion at https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/37oxow/the_securit...
Certainly any criminal can make the same argument for their use of violence, no?
Percy.io's Invite Request system is tied to github.

How is that not a problem imposed by Percy?

I'd feel more comfortable having a different mechanism to request an invite.

While the permissions don't grant Code Access, it does ask to read Organization and Team membership. I'd expose data for every member of my companies github organization to Percy, JUST for an invite.
Damn Miamians using their local resources to build businesses serving Latin America.
Go look up what kind of people use the word "evolutionism" and you might not be surprised.
You may not remember from the Star Trek universe, but there were multiple world wars and huge amounts of suffering between "today" and what we remember fondly from the Star Trek universe. There was no "happy path" to the society portrayed in Star Trek.
Level 3 Tries to Waylay Hackers
It's better to give them a coding assignment with a deadline of say 24 or 48 hours. That way they can use resources available to them, just as they would at the workplace. Have them submit it to github as a pull request, and you can inspect the quality of the code.

Follow up with a phone call to discuss the code and ask questions about it. That way you know the candidate actually wrote the code and you can be confident the quality of it represents the candidate's skills.
> If you pay attention to the world around you, you see that time after time, better products win out over worse ones.

Yes, lots of real, normal markets are reasonably well approximated by the rational choice model, even though its quite obvious that it is not literally accurate. That's one reason why its an important model.

Lots of real, normal markets are not reasonably well approximated by the rational choice model, and the elements of the model that are obviously literally false, and the degree to which reality deviates from them in the particular market, are pretty good starting points for understanding why that is the case.

"Normal markets" and "Econ 101 simplifications" aren't the same thing.
Bear in mind that prosecutors have a professional duty to zealously argue the government's case just as the defense lawyers have a duty to zealously argue for innocence or lenity of their clients. Unfortunately judges no longer have that much discretion to weigh the competing arguments because of the mandatory sentencing guidelines Congress came up with. It has since been established by the Supreme Court that the guidelines are just guidelines rather than being binding, but sadly any judge that says 'these guidelines are crap, I've considered them and now I'm going to ignore them' is committing career suicide unless the high sentence would be so bizarre as to truly shock the conscience.

And the American legal conscience unfortunately has a very high shock threshold these days, as does the population in general. I mean, look at how many people cheerfully support torture despite the massive intellectual and ethical pitfalls involved. Many of those people are also indifferent to the Constitutional basis of the judicial branch and start foaming at the mouth any time a court says a piece of legislation is unconstitutional.
He wasn't distinctly charged with it, but according to the document tptacek linked earlier (https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.documentcloud.org/documents/1391...), the attempted murders for hire were considered to be an element of the criminal enterprise and conspiracy he was running. He was convicted of those charges, so as far as I can tell, he was convicted of something like that.
This may have qualified as entrapment which could be why he was not brought up on charges for this.

Still, IMO it is reasonable to bring that up as a character issue.
I'm not convinced we really want the Star Trek utopia. A great many people have a need to feel useful. Some fulfill it with family, others with work. You don't have to look very far to find neighborhoods where people have enough food and medical care but don't have anything to do. These are not nice neighborhoods.
Percy is a tool that integrates with Github to set build status on Github pull requests. Of course it needs to tie into Github.
Did he know that?
function d(o, p) { return (p || document).getElementById(o); }

function t(o, p) { return (p || document).getElementsByTagName(o); }

function c(o) { document.createElement(o); }
Lol no thanks
Can anybody describe a scenario where this methodology is being used?
Whoops a creationist museum supporter stumbled upon a major fossil find
Airbus to Create Venture Capital Arm, Innovation Center in Silicon Valley
I'd say that the war on the distribution of heavy narcotics far outweighs any damage down to society by their distribution.
> So a murder is hidden under a less serious offence?

No. Soliciting a killing for pay ("murder for hire" in informal terms) as an act to advance a conspiracy is included (hardly "hidden") as one of the alleged overt acts in furtherance of the conspiracy, at least one of which must have been found by a juror to have been proven beyond a reasonable doubt to vote to convict on the conspiracy charge.
You need to go one step further and ask WHO is it bad for. Is it good for us as individuals to spend less, save more, and live a generally less materialistic lifestyle? Arguably yes. Is it bad for the economy as a whole when all consumers act this way? That's a different question :)
The Amazing Autotuning Sand Pile
I would change "not punishable" to "not punished". Sure you could be punished for all those things, but there just isnt enough political will to do so. Ulbricht's error was being a criminal whose punishment affects nobody in power.
Studying Crime in Progress
Can read more on policy and its impact here:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_policy_of_Portugal

Distribution and intent to sell are still illegal. I was specifically referring to the users of drugs.
Agreed. From the FBI press release on his conviction[1] no mention of the murder-for-hire charge. This conviction and sentencing all stem from the drug-selling business enterprise.

Our war-on-drugs sentencing is quite disproportional, IMHO; imputing societal harms that are unfounded. After all, Mr. Ulbright simply provided a safer way for consenting individuals to enter personal financial transactions.

Silk Road is a drop in the bucket compared to all the transactions arranged over SMS messages and using cash - but we don't hold AT&T and the Federal Reserve responsible for running a criminal enterprise.

=====
ULBRICHT, 30, of San Francisco, California, was found guilty of: one count of distributing narcotics, one count of distributing narcotics by means of the Internet, and one count of conspiring to distribute narcotics, each of which carries a maximum sentence of life in prison and a mandatory minimum sentence of 10 years; one count of engaging in a continuing criminal enterprise, which carries a maximum sentence of life in prison and a mandatory minimum sentence of 20 years in prison; one of count of conspiring to commit computer hacking, which carries a maximum sentence of five years in prison; one count of conspiring to traffic in false identity documents, which carries a maximum sentence of 15 years; and one count of conspiring to commit money laundering, which carries a maximum sentence of 20 years in prison. The maximum sentences are prescribed by Congress and are provided for informational purposes only, as the sentence will be determined by the judge. ULBRICHT is scheduled to be sentenced on May 15, 2015.

[1] http://www.fbi.gov/newyork/press-releases/2015/ross-ulbricht-the-creator-and-owner-of-the-silk-road-website-found-guilty-in-manhattan-federal-court-on-all-counts
GitLab CEO here, we want to give people options to prevent lock in. GitLab CE already has a one click importer for all your GitHub.com repo's and issues. We're working on automatically importing your pull requests and wiki's too.
I found this article the other day http://tek.io/1PTesWY

System architecture and usage change everything, Cray sustained bandwidth made a complete difference even compared to core i series.
As an architect, I wonder how this software can be useful in the real world, what itch does it scratch?
My bad, but we'd still run into the issue for new repositories.
Too bad it is literally impossible to find out "all the information" on anything, huh? So what level of research is acceptable?
Yes, the thoughtpolice have gotten pretty intense lately. Still, I think he'll be fine on this topic.

BTW, that argument is like Agorism 101.
Right, that's why it bothers me when TLAB and stack are compared.
UN: Libya on verge of economic collapse – #YoNews
He didn't quite remove that need according to prosecution evidence.
I've still got 1 point on that comment, so either you cancelled out someone else's up vote, or you cancelled out someone else's down vote. :)
He wasn't just a drug dealer. The crimes he was charged with are in the massive criminal conspiracy category.
This would be great to integrate into the leg of my jeans so I can change my music while riding my motorcycle. I'll be following this project.
While I also think this is excessive, within the context of the federal sentencing guidelines, this is a proportionate sentence. Because of the amount of drugs involved, along with enhancements for actual or threatened violence during the commission of the crimes and using a computer based "mass-marketing" model to distribute the drugs, the guidelines recommended a sentence of 30 years to Life. Given that there were only aggravating and no mitigating factors, it's easy to see how the judge arrived at life.
I think I might have things mixed up with Xalan. It's been a long time since I used it...
Sorry, is there an easy way to backup a server (e.g. Debian)? Do you use the provider's "backup your instance" feature? How can you be confident that they'll never close your account and lose ypur backups, for example based on an assumption that something you're doing isn't legit?
Other figures running drug distribution operations at this scale stay physically outside the US and build up paramilitary defense/enforcement. They either face an identical fate to Ross or meet a violent end.

This is not a surprising outcome in any way, and his use of the Internet rather than traditional methods absolves him of nothing.
eh... I never flipped burgers and I got a good job. There are more ways to demonstrate worth than simply being present and wasting your time. It's more important to open useful doors to people than it is to make them do robotic work for no reason.

I feel like your view is the sort of a "paying your dues" view, but the people I know that take off quick find something substantive to do, learn a lot very quickly, and are off doing something better in rapid iterative succession. The strategy you're advocating sounds like a very long runway before takeoff.
From other comments, it seems he wasn't tried for that stuff though. I don't think it's a good thing to include considerations in sentencing that he wasn't tried for. If there's evidence he did that, and you want to put him away for a long time because of it, then try him for it!

Punishing him for that without trying him for it seems like punishment without trial, which is bad. The alternative is that this punishment is just for nonviolent stuff, for which it seems excessive.
Next step is probably not starting a drug empire.
I guess I was more referring to wealth accumulation, driving towards retirement, starting a family, etc. At that amount, those things may not be super realistic for the standards most middle or upper-middle class people have when they envision that.

But at the end of the day, everyone makes their own choices in life.
No idea what Pinterest are using, but I led a team building the same thing using (mostly) commodity search kit in 2008.

Feature extraction was done with standard Java libs (proprietary algorithms though). Queries were initially performed using a vector space model, but I moved that to using an inverted index (Lucene) because in our use case the image queries were usually combined with free text and parametric search params.

The main issue we faced was scaling search with large number of query parameters, since a naive implementation created something like 300 query terms for each visual search. We did various things to optimise that, from distributing the index, to using index statistics to pick optimum words to query. I submitted some optimisation code (a modified MoreLikeThisQuery with an LRU term cache) back to Lucene, not sure what happened to it, think the JIRA issue is still open.
Jyoti Saran had 15,000 customers a week, made 200 million dollars, and was filling 3,000 orders per day.

Sentence? 12 years.

Rick Ross was sentences to life. For 100kg of cocaine.
Sentence was reduced to 20 years.

So, we will see what happens to Ulbricht.

My guess is that the life will stick, though. After all, this involved computers.
Manhood:Badly educated men in rich countries have not adapted well to trade,tech
Well, I'm glad you're convinced, because I'm certainly not nor does it appear that the judge was either.

"Forrest rejected arguments that Silk Road had reduced harm among drug users by taking illegal activities off the street. “No drug dealer from the Bronx has ever made this argument to the court. It’s a privileged argument and it’s an argument made by one of the privileged,” she said"
The Japanese site has polite Mario in the source.

http://www.nintendo.co.jp/mario30th/
> It surprised me that nothing like this seems to exist already in the decentralization community.

There was a GSoC project in 2013 which did exactly this, using Freenet as decentralized storage backend with a Web of Trust for Spam resistant and updatable identities (note that in the gittorrent scheme once someone claimed a username, that username will stick there forever). It works and compared to GitTorrent it adds anonymity and upload-and-run.

A current article describing it is here: http://draketo.de/english/freenet/real-life-infocalypse
(it got referenced here, too: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9562749 )

The GSoC project was done by Steve Dougherty: http://www.google-melange.com/gsoc/project/details/google/gs...

> I’d be happy to work on a project like this and make GitTorrent sit on top of it, so please let me know if you’re interested in helping with that.

Have a look at Gitocalypse: https://github.com/SeekingFor/gitocalypse
The General Purpose Kiosk Computer
Oh I see. unfortunately there is no "killing for pay" in the document you linked either. Just stop making shit up.
allegedly tried to have multiple people killed.

The prosecution brought this up at trial but he was not charged or convicted of this in the criminal trial.
Reading the title, I was worried for a moment that I had clicked through a time portal. GIFs. Aren't they as old as CompuServe?
Then I read the body text, thinking: "Do I know anyone who hasn't turned off GIF animation in their browser yet?"
Until someone takes the job or it isn't worth it - that's entirely supply and demand based. I neither argue that this is something that doesn't work nor do I think I can suggest a better alternative. I just argue that this is not fair from a moral point of view because I see no good reasons that investing an hour of your lifetime cleaning toilets is any less valuable than investing an hour of your lifetime developing software.
(GitTorrent author here.)

That's great, thanks! I should just use this (preferably with the DHT I'm already using to look up Git commits) instead of reimplementing myself.

What do you think about the idea of making pluggable modules to connect Blockstore with web frameworks (Django, Rails), without the framework/website authors having to get involved in understanding Bitcoin themselves?
Yes, in the immediate sense of the story, you're right. But when I look into my crystal ball, I see so many of these machines running continually that it becomes an internet that hands control of itself to the US government (and any of our "allies" paying the ante of, say, forty F-35s, or whatever newfangled hardware they build to burn up on the runway).
In Defence of Open Science
>it is unlikely that future versions of this sort of thing will be stoppable by any centralized government

Silk road 2 has already been busted.
Creating a platform that can be used to buy/sell illegal goods shouldn't be against the law IMO. Are car manufacturers thrown in jail when someone drives their product when drunk?
iPhone vs. Android app comparison tool
Looks like they have some code on Github:
https://github.com/ProjectVault/orp/tree/master/software/os/...
What are the other sentences people have received for attempted murder/ hiring a hitman?

People seem to be hinging their "this is a relatively fair judgement" opinions on the fact that he attempted to/hired one or more hitmen for one or more hits...

If that's what they're prosecuting on, then there's precedent, right? Is that precedent life in prison?

While I don't agree/defend what Ulrich was doing, I think the sentence is heavy-handed. I think arguments can be made for life in prison being worse (or more cruel) than death. And if we compare his crimes to some of the things governments do (or allegedly do) behind closed doors, I wonder if this is really "justice".

I don't know if there's much merit to him "more safely distributing drugs", but I wonder if a sentence this heavy would have been issued elsewhere outside the US.

[EDIT] - Reading other posts, it seems like he wasn't actually charged/convicted for the attempted murder/hitman stuff. If that wasn't the case, then I disagree with the verdict that much more

[EDIT2] - People who are under the impressions that Snowden should have stayed in the US to face proper sentencing should also note the sentencing in this case. Circumstances are different, but, I'm pretty sure Snowden could have faced worse, since Treason is pretty high up there (and makes you eligible for the death penalty). Ironic given that we (american culture) iconize Nathan Hale ("I regret that I have but one life to give...")
And some people may agree with you but it really has nothing to do with what Ulbricht was doing.
Because I felt it didn't really add anything to the more important question which is "Do VC's add value or subtract value to your company?" For me, I think about that question from time to time and try to find empirical evidence to back up one side of the argument or the other. I will admit however that "Good Character" does not seem to correlate at all with "Effectiveness" in VC circles, there are bastards and there are saints and it doesn't seem to really effect the success or lack thereof of the companies they fund.
I'm not sure memory locality effects can be considered secondary, unless their effects are completely dwarfed by something else the app is doing (e.g. there's no point in discussing this topic for i/o bound workloads).

I don't think malloc/free should enter this conversation because languages that use malloc/free do so very infrequently, and for the cases where dynamic memory needs to be allocated frequently, they use specialized memory managers within the application. This is also subject to which allocator is used and what the application's allocation pattern is. There're suboptimal GC mechanics as well in some cases, such as CMS tenured space using free chunk lists with no compaction, so any young GC that requires promotion can possibly increase the young GC time because the GC needs to find appropriate free block size, and if there's fragmentation, this may take a while. Point being is that malloc/free vs GC isn't quite as clear cut on its own, nevermind that malloc/free aren't called that often. Generally speaking, though, if you can give GC ample headroom in terms of RAM, it'll have better throughput than incessant malloc/free use (which, I argue, is rare in properly written applications).
Well, the problem is, they're not actually that good at search any more. I find stuff in my email now by grepping my email on my server easier than I do by searching in my GMail account. PageRank, their core technology, lowers results for things that have DMCA complaints. Even if their privacy settings weren't scary I'd be moving away from their services.