skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Handbooks are typically constructed for quick reference by experienced practitioners of the subject. Handbooks favor breadth over depth and this means they tend to be more enumerative than explanatory.
pkorzeniewski> Why there're so many abbrevations? Is there a technical reason for it or is it just a convention among pilots?

It's a [frustrating] convention among pilot data services. METARs, TAFs, FDs, etc are all coded. Many of these systems date back 30+ years, when telecom equipment and data transmission was much more limited and expensive.

After a short while, it's relatively transparent to decode the abbreviated weather and other items that we use a lot. And of course, anyone who is remotely fluent in English can decode the minimal abbreviations in the quoted text.

It's also somewhat easier to scan certain reports (TAFs and Winds Aloft forecasts) as the abbreviations tend to keep the data in a visually scannable almost tabular form, so you can easily see when conditions are becoming more/less favorable.

If it were free/cheap to update all the systems that generate and all the systems that process, interpret, archive, and/or retransmit that data, there's no reason to keep the abbreviation culture. It's far from free, so inertia will keep it the way it is for a long time.

PS: I don't know why that comment is dead. It seems a perfectly reasonable question and your account isn't banned...
你消費我捐款
Perl and Google Do Mix
Haha. Well kind of. But honestly, the thing that really made me laugh was when I noticed that we now get the best of two worlds; the only thing that really annoys me other than popups is profanity in titles and URLs. So just for that, here's my upvote: you properly nailed it. +1
Remote Working Tips – Interview with Wade Foster
Ever wondered what happens to your luggage after you check it in?
If the Amyloid hypothesis is wrong, why does this drug[1] seem to work so well?

I think everybody should humble themselves a bit and recognize that we don't fully understand the mechanisms of Alzheimer's yet. It's a complicated disease, and a lot of the techniques we use to understand it are still in development.

[1]: http://media.biogen.com/press-release/corporate/biogen-idec-...
Stealing a Billion
Rock Climbing, specifically Bouldering, makes a great hobby for a computer programmer:

1. It works the right muscles to fight all the terrible things that programming does to your body. Slouching fixed, wrist issues fixed, obesity fixed.

2. It's crazy fun and addictive. You will make time to go climbing. There is no concept of "I should probably go climbing but..." like there is with the gym, running, etc. If it's physically possible to go climbing now without definitely getting fired, you're going.

3. It's measurable, so it presses the "leveling up" buttons that seem to be hard-wired into dev types. You'll spend years stuck at V6, grinding 4 nights a week in the gym, loving every minute of it in the hope of one day advancing to V7.

4. It gets you traveling. Sure, there's enough rock around town to keep you going on the weekends, and there's some good areas that you can hit for a weekend roadtrip (which by the way will be where you spend every single weekend from here on out). But all the best rock is halfway around the world. You'll save up to spend a winter on the beach in Thailand, summer roadtripping across Europe, and if you ever end up in Paris on business you'll look me up in Fontainebleau and I'll take you out for the single best day of bouldering in your life here in the forest.

Head down to the climbing gym tonight. It'll ruin your life. In a good way.
Downvotes are not only misused for expressing disagreement.

For example, this comment https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9489042 of mine had in the beginning several downvotes.

Several people on HN downvote you for saying something is not understandable for you and asking for a transcript.

Is this really how we want HN to be?

Stop misusing downvotes.
Are the benefits of moderate drinking a myth?
Toronto still has a fairly extensive streetcar network. A few former routes have been closed, but that's mostly because they were replaced by Subway lines. The Streetcar network was expanded as recently as the 1990s.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_streetcar_system
That's a very good point about RAWs, in my haste to dismiss it out of hand, i hadn't realised it doesn't backup RAW. But then just another sign of where it's target demographic is.
I don't see any implementatin details in that patent, only a very rough sketch of how such a system could work (but many important details missing!) It could be me though.
So you just removed the ability to have a "Log me in forever" checkbox.

A expiry date system is literally impossible to revoke without somehow maintaining a list of valid or invalid cookies, and by that point, you are hitting a database for each cookie.

So, one way, you don't have as much control, and you can't revoke a stolen cookie with potentially high level access rights. The other way, you are replicating a db backed session, and heaping complexity on top of it.
What web developers don't understand about messaging
I like the PayPal model (vendor gets nothing), I just wish it could be federated...
The Draft Communications Data Bill, the Snoopers' Charter
> to steal revenue from other affiliates

would it be legal(ish) if you left affiliate links intact, i.e. only adding your ID to links that aren't affiliate links already?
I thought that this gif https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-Izdubw7RJWk/URK2tZdqxzI/A... was already impressive, but this is just completely incredible.
It's broked. The party in power rarely see it as broked. Ergo, no proportional representation.
Why Your Popup Is More Annoying Than a Pushy Shop Assistant
There's a streetcar line in Toronto that does that, and a light rail system that's currently under construction that will be underground for a portion of the line.
I live in Boston where our subway transit system still has a branch of streetcars. The points about passenger density and right-of-way are spot on. Actually the only thing that holds up the streetcars are when drivers are acting stubborn and entitle themselves to right-of-way...or when mother nature dumps 3 feet of snow on the city and the old transit system can't keep up.

But everyone still uses the streetcar system because you can get from point A to B, no matter if B is half a mile or 5 miles away, for one fee of $2.10 vs ride-sharing or taxis which accumulate charges over time and distance.
Woodworking, specifically with hand tools. I love everything about it. The history and tradition of the craft and seeing the work of craftsman around me, especially when travelling. Satisfaction from finishing a project or applying a newly learned technique. Not to mention that wood as a medium is both challenging and rewarding. This comment could never do it justice.
Glad the tories won. Now they can get to business: 1. Cut the BBC license fee and defund their left wing political bias, and stop them splurging cash on failed ruby on rails sites. 2. Get us out of the EU, or at least grab back more cash to stop them wasting it.
Why not just use Cython[1]?

Optimizing pure Python is a waste of time. You end up with weird, unidiomatic code that it takes ages to come up with, because you're fighting the language. And in the end you hit a wall: a point at which the code can't go any faster.

If you just write Cython, you can easily reason about what the code is doing, and how you should write it to be more performant. Ultimately you can make the code run as fast as C, if necessary.

[1] http://cython.org/
Ask HN: What is the make up of a good software engineer/developer?
I would really like to know what your opinion is for what makes up a good software engineer/developer.

I'm not even sure if this can be an objective topic but I have been thinking about this for a while with out any concrete points beside that the engineer/developer should be analytical, have the ability to adjust to different environments (flexible), and be a fast learner (which partly ties into being flexible).
Sure there is. The time might be hard to take, but if the price is right I'd celebrate the label. Of course many actions that would justify such a label are out of bounds on principle, but the label itself is irrelevant (the cash covers job effects, and other restrictions).
Would't we be able to avoid this if we did away with the secure cookie and replaced it with a jwt (jason web token)? This way, there is no state to maintain in the database, and authorization can expire?
(2012) Why I Hate Python
Here is a mathematical reconstruction of the print with several fly-throughs: http://escherdroste.math.leidenuniv.nl/index.php?menu=intro
Playing Hockey - it's the best sport for me. Very quick and high Intensive and a bit brutal sometimes. I love the feeling of sliding on the ice and the focus you need for the 1-2minutes you're out there for a shift.
Also the team aspect is great if you play in a league and train with other guys every week for the playoffs.
With regards to the lost streetcar routes: http://www.blogto.com/city/2015/01/5_lost_streetcar_routes_i...
Becoming a felon by stealing money from the company that runs PayPal. I'd put that on my resume.
Lavaboom rolls out
Top 5 Games in the World
I've seen this painting before but didn't think much of it. Now that I can see what's going on, I am dumbstruck with how abstract and novel this concept is.

This spacial reasoning ability is so amazing.
As already mentioned machine learning is a lot of statistics. There are some really good machine learning and statistics books on O Reilly Publishers. These two are a great start:

http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920028529.do

http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920034094.do?code=WKMATH...

Then last but certainly not least head on over to Kaggle.com.

They have introductory competitions which are awesome, as they are practical and you actually get involved.

Good luck!
I suspect the queasy feeling you feel on approach is from (intentionally and necessarily) uncoordinated flight, not from the airflow across the cockpit.

In normal flight, you fly coordinated; the airplane is flying "straight and level" through the airmass; the total force vector on the pilot and the inner ear is straight down the spine and everything feels normal.

To address a crosswind taking you off course, you simply turn ("crab") into the wind, but the airplane stays coordinated and you sum the aircraft airspeed vector with the airmass vector and adjust until your ground track is taking you where you want to go, even though the nose of the airplane isn't pointing straight along the ground track. This still feels "normal" though it can look odd in a strong wind and at low altitude.

In a crosswind landing, you can't allow the nose to be off the ground track[1]. Otherwise, you'll impose a large sideload on the landing gear. So, you transition to uncoordinated (slipping) flight, where you dip a wing into the crosswind to keep the ground track aligned with the desired track. At the same time, you use opposite rudder to align the nose with the ground track (which is aligned with the runway on approach).

In this condition, the force vector on the pilot is not straight down. (The turn coordinator "ball" will be displaced into the crosswind; that ball operates purely on force, so the pilot [and pax] feel the force vector pulling them to one side, but they know they aren't moving with respect to the airplane and this confusion is very disconcerting to some.)

Long way to explain: in a long cross-country flight, the airplane is coordinated for 99.9+% of the flight and so most of the source of "dizziness" from crosswinds is no factor.

[1]-many transport aircraft have gear that is tolerant of crabbed landings. Almost no light aircraft do. There's a limit to how much slip a large engined transport aircraft with underwing engines can tolerate before the engine nacelle will scrape the ground, so designers of those airplanes have had to allow for crabbed touchdowns in strong crosswinds.
How stretchy nerves are key to baleen whale feeding
Why were the Liberal Democrats so strong in rural/highland areas up until now?
This looks wonky. Why are you writing a loop here?

if (potentially_large_value >= 32) bit_pattern = 0;
else bit_pattern = bit_pattern << potentially_large_value;

That does the same thing in constant time, and doesn't loop 2^27 times on bad input.
I have love for Django, it helped me learn how to build a web server and understand database schemas early on.
That is probably the weirdest comment I've ever seen on the election. I didn't realise the tories had a position on "ruby on rails". :)

On a more serious note, the tories are not offering to get us out of the EU, they are providing a referendum. It is likely that most Conservative (tories) MPs will support staying within the EU as it is "good for business".
The Conservatives are highly unlikely to campaign against the EU despite promising a referendum on it. Indeed, I think they're breathing a sigh of relief only 1 UKIP MP will be sitting opposite them in the house pushing forward the No vote. The lack of any cohesive UKIP vote this time around demonstrates the will of the UK is not to abandon the EU, so the Tories won't really bother to campaign either way IMHO.
I get that you wanted to simplify the example, but the example you've written really just doesn't make much sense, so it's hard to understand your point.

The API in the example is really bad. Accepting a dictionary, only to require a specific key in the dictionary, is the worst of both worlds. But then if you use .get to access the dictionary body instead of the attribute access, you'll take on additional performance penalties, and other solutions will start to compete.
Material Design inspired, CSS only, lightweight framework
> I'm only slightly ashamed to admit I like using a mouse.

I wish that you weren't even slightly ashamed. Anything can turn into a senseless religion, also supposed productivity.
Looks like another Coffeescript. Braces/parens are not bad, they structure the code and make it easier for the eyes. Lack of punctuation is as bad as too much punctuation.
How many of you made it through this article without getting interrupted? I only made it about 1/3 the way before I received 3 different text messages.
Analog Activity Tracker: Alternative to Fitbit and Its Ilk
Wyoming is the least populous state in the US, it's not small either. I've driven through Wyoming and Casper it's largest city. One could call it desolate meaning very little human habitation. Or one could call it a paradise on the plains depending on your perspective. Either way, there ain't shit there. Edit: Other than Yellowstone that is.
Oh, I'd love to have something similar, running etcd (for Kubernetes) and ZooKeeper (for the rest of the services) can be a PITA, and it feels like an unnecessary duplication of infrastructure.
How to orchestrate containers in OpenStack
Given the post yesterday on FitBit's IPO (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9507751), this is a timely article, though seemingly more satirical of the all-the-bells-and-whistles digital trackers.
All kinds of badness here. Bug #2 really reduces the level of comfort I would have with using ZooKeeper as a tool.

First of all, the default Java policy of terminating the thread, instead of the process, when a runtime exception is not handled is fully boneheaded and the first thing you should always do in a server program is to set a default uncaught exception handler which kills the program. Much better to flame out spectacularly than to limp along with your fingers crossed hoping for the best, as this bug amply demonstrates.

On the heels of that, there's this: "Unfortunately, that means the heartbeat mechanisms would continue to run as well, deceiving the followers into thinking that the leader is healthy." Major rookie mistake here; the heartbeat should be generated by the same code (e.g. polling loop) which does the actual work, or should be conditioned on the progress of such work. There's no indication that ZooKeeper is bad enough to have a separate thread whose only responsibility is to periodically generate the heartbeat (a shockingly common implementation choice), but it is clearly not monitoring the health of the program effectively.

Suffering a kernel level bug is outside the control of a program, but this demonstrates a lack of diligence or experience in applying the appropriate safety mechanisms to construct a properly functioning component of a distributed system.
It still does not make any sense though. How is it possible that the amount of seats a party get seem so pseudo random?
This move makes sense if you look at PCI's board of advisors[1]- It's a bunch of bank VPs plus the head of security for both First Data and Pay Pal. The people who run PCI compliance are the ones that stand to lose if PCI compliance becomes moot, so they are doing all they can to make it seem like it's the be-all end-all of internet security and that you'd be a fool to trust an online merchant that wasn't PCI compliant.

Interesting point about making vendor specific security tokens for internet transactions in an earlier comment. That would quite obviously help tremendously in the case of a breach, however that would put the onus on banks to be responsible for security instead of on merchants, and again the bank representatives on the BOA at PCI aren't going to go for that.

[1] https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/organization_info/board...
Sounds fun, how do you find places that offer this? Is it expensive? Crowded?
How did you make the boats?
The Liberal Democrats have always (well, till now) been at their strongest in progressive rural areas that have little to no urban blight (so, much of Scotland, much of the South West, parts of East Anglia, Northumberland, mid Wales).

Now for my personal opinion.. I would credit this to them being the most "centre" of the parties - they're progressive without being overtly socialist, and that appeals to the "hey, I'm still cool" element of the rural middle class that still likes their cars, village fetes, and horsey stuff, but is also pro gay marriage, pro equality and pro welfare.
As a long time Django user (first project on 1.1) I want to thank for a great framework and your wonderful release approach!

I often try out new new web dev platforms and frameworks but tend to rewrite projects that get too serious or large in Django, or when I'm starting to miss too many features.

If I know that I am building something that others are going to work on, or if I know that the project will need to be maintained for a considerable amount of time, I tend to go with Django and a few familiar libraries (Celery, Django REST framework, django-extensions) right off the bat, as I feel comfortable that we won't run into issues where some important dependency becomes unmaintained or introduces backwards-incompatible changes. Much thanks to Django's predictable and well thought out releases.

Further, when I pick Django, I know that there is good support in monitoring and crash report systems such as Sentry, New Relic, and others. So that's one less thing to worry about.

The only area where I have started to use other solutions is frontend dev, as I find that the momentum in the Node community is so much higher in this area. I only wish that the Node community wasn't as fragmented and had a more long-term view on releases.
As an English person residing in England, This is very much the most interesting story from this election.
There was probably a gold one with it that we'll never hear about.
You could place Adsense if the IP/user/user agent is one you've never seen before (or seen rarely).
[Leaks]: Four New Xiaomi Devices Will Be Launched in 2015
The Eglinton-Crosstown LRT in Toronto will do this when it opens.
There is a major use case around "card not present" transactions.

Anything recurring, such as AWS, hotel/car rental express check-out/return, Amazon 1-click and Uber and similar mobile payment use cases will get significantly higher friction if you have to complete a chip-and-pin for each of these.

A quite simple fix to these would be to allow storage of a token linked to the PAN which is locked to a specific merchant - so, they're worthless if stolen, but can be used like the PAN is today to perform "card not present" transactions for that merchant.
"Of course, Python couldn't have told me 'request' [from Bottle] didn't have a member 'content_type' and ended the matter right then and there. No, it had to string me along, doing anything except let me know something was wrong."

Umm, but the request object does have a content_type. See http://bottlepy.org/docs/dev/_modules/bottle.html#BaseReques... .
> FB/Google have a reputation to uphold and they strive to make sure their name isn't associated with subpar stuff.

Have you seen the "google" group/whatever it's called on Github? A lot of the repos that are posted here have large disclaimers, or here in the comments, that the project is not associated with Google itself but rather by the particular employees that are working on it. So Google doesn't mind letting their employees put up repos of their misc "scratch their itch"/side-project/pet projects, it seems.

> Plus, they have a lot of brilliant developers to work on this stuff.

Someone works at Google/Facebook/... -> commence reflex fawning.
Scotland votes far left of the rest of the UK typically, Lib Dems have historically been more left than Labour however they formed a coalition with Tories to form the last government (and as a part government instituted policies the opposite of why anyone would ever vote for them, ie university tuition fees). So they are no longer considered actually a liberal party.
Hear hear. Anything that stops the forced taxpayer funding of the BBC is a good thing. People have gone to jail for not having their TV license, and for what? For the BBC to waste it on more failed internal Scala sites (failed because they could not understand ruby let alone scala!)
Or Jitsi. There are plenty of "secure and decentralized" free software options. Most people just don't use them.
Yes, disease classification is a rapidly moving target.

First off, AD is one of several currently classified neurodegenerative diseases. Others include frontotemporal dementia, "Parkinson's Plus" syndromes such as Lewy Body Dementia, Multiple System Atrophy and Supranuclear Palsy.

Some people classify vascular dementia(s) as a set of separate entities such as multi-infarct dementia, cerebrovascular small vessel disease and so on. It is however becoming increasingly clear that vascular factors affect most (if not all neurodegenerative diseases).

These classifications are based mostly on clinical evaluation which is tremendously unreliable. Bloodwork, CSF, genetic studies and imaging contribute to the clinical diagnosis (mostly neuroimaging - most notably MRI and PET scanning).

All the aforementioned diseases overlap to some extent and have patient subgroups within each of them, sometimes based on clinic feature (such as tremor-dominant parkinson's) and some on imaging features (such as limbic dominant AD).

Newer imaging methods are moving us towards dividing patients up into different phenotypes based on for example, patterns of tau deposition. Increasing genomic knowledge will likely also have a huge impact in this regard.
The maximum possible level: a self-hosting compiler.
That's the 'first-past-the-post' system at work here. Sadly it's unlikely to change anytime soon :(
Great, so you're concerned about some people being more competitive than others in the free market. So what's your response? A monopolistic ostenisbly communally-controlled central power to oversee and address alleged abuses? Excellent, you just created a superbly manipulable tool of power for society's most capable individuals to wield. You just made problems of fundamental unfairness much worse, not better.
It's really easy to hire PHP developers.