skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
This seems a little hasty on the part of the Julia guys. This is a promising language and I for one was looking closely for alternatives to Python. Yet Julia hasn't built enough traction yet, and here we are with a commercial arm run by all the founders, already. There is of course nothing wrong with wishing to monetize one's hard work, but I fear that the OSS community will now shun Julia because they'll be afraid that new features might be added only to some commercial version in the future, and/or, the incentives of the founders will be to make it hard not to pay for consulting. We've seen this before ("Open"gamma, I'm looking at you).

If this were some cloud service with an "enterprise" version I'd be less worried, but when we're talking about breaking into scientific computing against a very entrenched Python/Numpy, and rising candidate Lua, not to mention R, you're going to need as much goodwill as possible from the scientific and academic communities who are so crucial to growing an ecosystem, and many of these are hostile to commerce.

Perhaps the siren song of Matlab's high pricing still sings for Edelman.
Government economics, working as designed.
Especially when you need to do something like:

var that = this;
One thing to note is that while the continuation token is just a blob of data from the clients perspective, the server can actually use it to store the required state information.

A simple method would be to take the state information the server needs in order to continue the enumeration (e.g. sorting order, how far along it was in the enumeration, etc.), JSON-encode it, encrypt&sign it, and then base64 encode it.

Return that token to the client, and if the client wants more data it can pass that token back to the server, which can decode it into all the information it needs to resume the enumeration.
This quote sums it up pretty well:

> Voevodsky himself is careful to distinguish the various ways computers should or shouldn’t be put to use. “Lots of people don’t understand the difference between using computers for calculation, for computer-generated proofs, and for computer-assisted proofs,” he says. “The computer-generated proofs are the proofs which teach us very little. And there is a correct perception that if we go toward computer-generated proofs then we lose all the good that there is in mathematics—mathematics as a spiritual discipline, mathematics as something which helps to form a pure mind.”
> Fairness means that the person who gets the most votes, gains that privilege.

In your opinion this is what fairness means. In my opinion, this system leaves millions without a say in the direction of the country proportional to the support their opinions have in the populace.

Not only do I find it unfair, I find it offensive and undemocratic, and as a result I don't see a government elected under such a system as having any legitimacy.

It's worth pointing this out: It is not up to you to define what is fair. Nor is it up to a majority. It is up to everyone. When a system leaves a substantial number of people finding it unfair and feeling robbed of any opportunity to be represented, it is unfair, whether or not the majority thinks it's the most awesome system ever.

If you care about fairness, you need to care about gaining consensus, not about whether or not you're above or below 50%.

> Unfair? No - given that, at this election, voters did not give majority votes to a UKIP candidate except in that one instance.

First of all, it is not majority of a constituency but a plurality. This is a big deal. My seat was won with 43%: The majority of his constituents wanted to be represented by other people. We won't ever know who would have been preferred by a majority of constituents under one of the many systems intended to actually get to a majority choice.

Secondly, that the results matches the rules does not mean they're not unfair.

When peoples votes carry different value based on where they live, then that to me by definition is unfair.
The goal of those sections of the agreement are to force governments to treat foreign investment the same as if it had arrived from a resident.

The intent is to stop things like what happens in South America, where they look around, see an oil company sitting there that is majority foreign owned and nationalise it to fix a balance of payments issue[2]. Some organisations (like Philip Morris) will try to use it as a hammer, but that's because anyone can sue.

The US is already party to similar agreements - NAFTA being one. They've even got a standard set of terms for them [1].

First world countries with strong court systems already have these protections in place. This is aimed at other countries who don't have quite as strong a rule of law.

As for secrecy... Just because congress gives the President fast-track negotiation rights doesn't mean that the deal has to pass. It just means that congress has to have a straight up or down vote on it, without amendments. There will still be time to review and debate it.

Agreements are negotiated in secret. Can you imagine a trade agreement negotiated in the current US Congress?

[1] http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/188371.pdf

[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrobras#Bolivian_controversy
I think an UPSERT keyword would be more clear.
> You can also use the unary + operator to convert values to numbers:

+ "42"; // 42

> [...] However the "+" operator simply converts the string to NaN if there is any invalid character in it.

Being a bit pedantic here, why not recommending the Number function which may be less obscure for beginners?

Number("42"); // 42
I'm keenly interested reducing package weight and waste. I'd love to see innovation in that value chain.

For instance, shipping medications in baggies (pouches), where the script label is printed directly on the baggie.

Boxes within boxes, plus all the packing material, drives me nuts.
You can't run it. The point is that if I'm trying to figure out how to implement something, I can start writing down my ideas and adjust as I go. If I have to write valid code the whole time, my ability to do this is very limited.

If you already know what code you want to write, this makes sense. But how often does that happen? I suppose you could work out your ideas on paper first, but that eliminates the much of the value modern editors provide.
An overengineered and useless cryptocurrency (Bitcoin-like currency). It was also pre-sold so they've made quite a bit of money for themselves (out of nothing) already.

Smart contracts are pointless since you need trust anyway to deal with real-world assets. Nobody would rather trade in a p2p system instead of a "real" exchange either.

Overengineering in Ethereum is rampant too, as it's trying -and failing- to definitively work around Bitcoin shortcomings by significantly increasing complexity without good reason. They're also reimplementing it on several programming languages, without code reuse from Bitcoin or any other related technology either.
Why is it bike lane though? any practical considerations?
The tactics are basically identical to those of mobs doing protection rackets. That's true whether it's a small "patent troll" or a large company with tens of thousand of software patents doing the same against competitors.
Most enterprise drives come off the exact same production line too.. Some have a different external interface but the important parts are all nearly the same, they might test them differently
The problem we're discussing isn't that there are too many minorities imprisoned for drug crimes. The problem is systemic disparate impact throughout the entire criminal justice system.

Getting rid of drug crimes does nothing to solve that, because you see the same pattern in basically every type of crime. Legalizing drugs would reduce the number of crimes, but not the racial bias.

You could just as easily "solve" the problem of racial bias by getting rid of any class of crimes. Like, let's legalize speeding because more blacks are pulled over for speeding than whites. Great. But the fundamental problem of inequality still remains in every other area of the criminal justice system.

Also, how do mandatory minimum sentences lead to more bias? Wouldn't that lead to less bias, since it removes biaased human judgement from part of the process? Otherwise you'd probably see whites getting more lenient sentences than they already do.
This isn't backed up by Lennart's own blog post about the initial Systemd development:

> Unfortunately, the traditional SysV init system was not particularly fast.

> Another thing we can learn from the MacOS boot-up logic is that shell scripts are [...] slow in execution.

> it is also our plan to experiment with systemd not only for optimizing boot times

It seems like the real motivation was exactly reversed from your comment - speed first, and correctness as a happy accident.

He does put up a later post (biggest myths about systemd) some three years later which tries to change this impression, but that reads much more like an attempt to move the goalposts than an actual design goal.

http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/systemd.html
Conway is listed as being negative about using computer verified proofs, but he is well known for trashing set theory (or at least strongly protesting the shackles of set theory). So I wonder what he thinks of this new univalent foundation.
Hardware Keurig to drop coffee DRM after boss admits 'we were wrong'
Obama appears to have abandoned any pretense that he supports good, long-term political goals: drone wars, enabling Iran's nuclear ambitions, abandoning Ukraine, mass surveillance of the American and other people, letting ISIS take over much of Irak, secret anti-freedom trade agreements, pouring oil on local riots or crimes, avoiding "Je suis Charlie" demo, etc. The infamous words of a French king come to mind.
There is a chapter in The Two Towers called "The Voice of Saruman". Saruman is defeated, but is still powerfully persuasive. At one point he calls to Gandalf and invites him into Orthanc. Those who hear the invitation believe that Gandalf will go into the tower to confer with Saruman, and will then emerge again to tell everyone their fate.

Instead of doing that, Gandalf laughs, insults Saruman, and breaks his fucking staff.
Funny, I didn't see your comment, read the article and thought the same thing. She looks a lot younger now. Maybe it is just the advances in cameras that makes her appearance that much better. If that's the case I can stop going to the gym now because I don't have anything to worry about in 30 years.
Interesting, so far only music got me to slow down my perceptions to that point. It was a prerequisite for me to allow independent patterns without ending up focusing on one limb or another. As weird as pleasurable.
That's not generally necessary in ES6 when you use "=>" to define functions. Javascript is getting better...
"Please don't insinuate that someone hasn't read" the Hacker News Guidelines...
Don't worry, the fanboys will spam HN then again.
For the record:

According to NESI 2013

Working population salaries in Chile, according to NEST 2013 (http://www.fundacionsol.cl/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Verdad...):
* 2k/year or less: 13,8%
* 2k-3k/year: 5,2 %
* 3k-4,2k/year: 14,1%
* 4,2k-6k/year: 20,5 %

53,5% of working population get less than 5k/year.

These are the rates of universidad de chile, the principal state sponsored university in chile year 2015 (http://www.uchile.cl/portal/admision-y-matriculas/aranceles-...):

Medicine? 8k/year
Architecture? 5,6k/year
Biochemistry? 5.8k/year

I don't know if chilean education is the most expensive in the world. I just know the data delivered in these comments is wrong.
This can only work if you make quality the priority. If push comes to shove and you sacrifice quality, this will become a tech debt that you pay over and over in terms of snowball effect reduction in quality and slower delivery pace as well. On the flip side, if you sometimes deliver slow and maintain quality, you can deliver faster as the software is well designed, factored, tested: agile.
This is a bit off topic, since the question is specifically about Toastmasters. I haven't done Toastmasters myself, but the people that I know that like it feel that they have gotten a lot out of it. Despite the self-selection bias, I would recommend Toastmasters because communication skills are so important in the software field.

My company took a new approach and was making good progress with our product when the Open Software Foundation decided that industry standards in the area were needed. This posed an existential threat to our existence since no one else was doing what we were doing in our unique way. Instead of working as the software architect behind our design, I was thrust into role of software evangelist and had to speak persuasively in front of huge audiences (hundreds) and even participate in panel debates defending my designs against every imaginable critique from IBM, HP, Dec, Apollo, etc. They had deep talent, outside consultants (Carnegie Melon Univ professors, etc.), and they were all trying to take down my company.

Naturally, the most important way for a software person to be successful is to know your craft and be able to make software, but once you start to rise through the ranks you and your endeavors will greatly benefit from the ability to give a good technical presentation.

I had the good fortune of teaching a few courses in grad school and this led to an opportunity to do some internal training on new software methodologies in my first real job. I worked on doing it well, and this eventually resulted in me being sent to Sweden, England, and Germany to speak about the company's software to our own engineers and customers. All of this prepared me for what I had to do for my own company's success years later.

Suggestions for getting comfortable with public speaking:
start out easy (magic shows for your nieces and nephews), avoid Power Point (at first) and learn to think on your feet in front of an audience at a white board, work with material you know, and watch videos of excellent presentations in your field from conferences (there are so many on the internet now).
Using SaltStack to automate Vagrant provisioning
As a pure maths grad, I had to spend a lot of time learning things on my own before I could become marketable hacker. Fresh out of my degree, I had no clear idea of how to do real software development. I think I was able to learn a thing or two, but sometimes I still wish I could have learned about things like networking, database design, and compiler theory in a formal classroom setting. I have seen people say how useless a CS degree is for doing real work, but it seems to me that it offers many benefits that are not easily replaced by self study or a maths degree.
Think of legal contracts as executable scripts. The Etherium network is the infrastructure to make those digital contracts work in a decentralized and autonomous fashion.

So an example use case would be a script that receives transactions from anyone. Each transaction would include some coins and some output address. Then at specific intervals the script would dump all the received coins into the most popular of the received output address. It would effectively be sort of a rudimentary charity organization. The beauty of it is that enforcement is 100% guaranteed and automatic and there's also 100% transparency and furthermore the script has no owners or masters. It's completely autonomous.

The scripts are called DAO/C, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations/C..
Interesting. I have never seen RF power parts in flip-chip, but I suppose there is no reason why they couldn't. Now Cree did have a 25W, 3 GHz FET in SO-8 package, which is kind of strange given package inductance, but they are have moved to QFN now.
Isn't this just like memoization? So somehow the axiom is saying that memoization is built into the language. (Not sure if i'm making any sense..)
journald, logind. chrooting (nspawn). tty-ask-password-agent.
Serious MacKeeper vulnerability found
Maybe look at cryptol or kansas-lava as more practically-focused alternatives?
TBB is much more low-level. This is a parallel version of the STL (including <algorithm>) and much easier to use as a drop-in replacement.
The company leading the project claims commercialization is five years away. They likely are optimistic or biased, but I am not sure they are outright lying.

Prices of solar cells drop fast. Extrapolate a few years, and costs of solar installations will be dominated not by what solar cells cost, but by what it costs to install them.

In this case, something must be installed anyways to build the cycle path. It might well be that installing a (cycle path, solar cells) combination will only be marginally more expensive than installing a traditional cycle path.

Will we get there? If solar cells and the electronics needed to wire than together (which, in this case, are more complex because the road may see highly variable shading patterns) get dirt cheap, we might.
My counter-example: Norway.

Coalition governments, often still minority governments, have been the norm for half a century.

All of Scandinavia for that matter.

For my part, I see reducing the race to a two-party system as exactly what should be avoided. It leaves the opinions of a large proportion - often a majority - of society unrepresented or overruled.

As an example: The Tories now has a majority in parliament despite gaining only 36.9% of the vote. The majority of British voters does not want Tory policy. Yet it's what Britain will get. Yes, the rest disagree on what the differences should be. But a proportional system forces the parties to negotiate and find solutions that actually has majority support - the least bad solutions.

I would take that over stability any day, if that was the choice. But it isn't. Unless you're going to claim that the Scandinavian countries are unstable.
Cameron is far from the most right wing of the Conservative Party, and I still don't think he'd find it possible to work with anyone to the left of Tony Blair (i.e. Miliband and the vast majority of the Labour Party), and I think the reverse is even more true. It would be difficult enough to imagine them collaborating on more than a single vote at a time, and basically impossible to imagine Cameron preferring such a fractious arrangement to a deal with UKIP, whose sole price of support is a referendum Cameron had already promised, and whose views on other matters closely match factions within his own party. Sure, the other cost of that coalition would be the risk of losing the political centre ground to a Labour campaign, but that's still less likely to be electorally damaging than the minefield of trying to work with his arch rivals.

We didn't have PR in this week's election, but we did have near-universal expectations that future governments would be enabling some form of coalition or supply agreement. Ultimately the Labour campaign foundered precisely because voters anticipated the Scottish nationalists and other minority parties extracting a heavy price for coalition. By contrast, the Conservatives had shown themselves as able to dominate a coalition agenda, and the only UKIP agenda that centrist or tactical Tory voters might have actually feared as opposed to finding distasteful was promised to be decided by referendum anyway; that wouldn't have changed if UKIP had been expected to win a sizeable chunk of seats.

I'm not saying that votes wouldn't change at all, but I am saying that unless the parties also radically altered their campaigns or more lefties turned out to vote, a right-leaning, Conservative lead coalition would have been an even more likely victor under PR
Ask HN: How to get in early (pre series A) with YC companies?
Most of the offers I get in my inbox are for post series A companies, so the equity is negligible.

How can I find opportunities, with YC companies or elsewhere, that need a technical cofounder or early architect before any major funding?
I don't know about Matlab... I heard they had a big layoff just recently. So I suspect they might shake things up and make Matlab cheaper.

That said, I recently went from Python to Matlab for the work that I do, I wish I had done it sooner. Documentation is much better, support is nice, and folks in my lab are good at Matlab so I can get quick good help. Bottom line is I get stuff done with Matlab much faster and with better results. YMMV.
Actually computers can solve many instances of the halting problem. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Terminator
Well, it makes slightly more sense than the solar roads for normal cars and trucks, if only because it doesn't have to be quite as tough, but I do suspect that it would be cheaper to install, easier to maintain and far more efficient in terms of power generation, to put a normal cycle path down and put a roof of solar above it.
the CλaSH vs Lava page was interesting: http://hackage.haskell.org/package/clash-prelude-0.7.5/docs/...
Roads are quite a good place to place solar panels, logistically speaking. Yes they are 30% less efficient, but they are also closer to where the electricity will be used, and the marginal opportunity cost of real estate is zero since road use is retained. You don't need new land and you don't need to worry about transporting power at great distances. I'm glad such experiments are being conducted to see how well this idea performs in practice. It's good they started with bike lane as opposed to truck roads. It will give them opportunity to iterate on the panels resiliency.
My understanding is thus:

The work is published with a particular license, and that cannot be changed. However, the creators may republish the work with a new license. If this happens third parties can choose which work they want to use, the original published work or the second published (identical) version. By saying that license can only get less restrictive, we mean that people can always choose to use the least restrictive license a work has been published under.

If I have some egregious misunderstanding please correct me.
The Science of Patterns
I guess it depends how close to bare metal you want to get.

Google/Facebook/AWS (and maybe a Backblaze) have architected their data center setup to not require the functionality that Netapp provides. If you buy a NetAPP and plug it in your netork it is because you cant architect a datacenter from the ground up...

Facebook was a founding member of the Open Datacenter Alliance. They have a cool githup repo and put out interesting whitepapers like:

http://www.opendatacenteralliance.org/docs/architecting_clou...

It is not just cheaper but architected better. They would use Cisco and other enterprisey stuff if it were better but it is a case of "il y a moins bien mais c'est plus cher" as the French Linux motto goes...

Which is not to say NetAPP or Cisco is bad - just that you can engineer the datacenter to make it work better without enterprise functionality.

As an object lesson in failure, I had an experience with my first buildout of Hadoop back in 2011. Not so successful because I bought all the wrong components. Raid cards, 10G networking, HP and Bladenetworking rack switches, dual power supplies.

It was hard to unlearn how I was used to setting up servers.
As someone graduating next week with an undergrad degree in CS and a minor in math, I don't think I'd be a very good software engineer with just a math degree, but I'm definitely a better software engineer because of my math background.
No. What prompted this question?