skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
OSM suffers because everyone creates his own (closed source) layer service and his own (closed source) routing service.

Instead the community should be on the OSM site and contribute to open layers hosted on the official page and open routing code so that the OSM map data can be tuned for it. But apparently it goes in the opposite direction :(
Hard disk firmwares are already under attack from anyone who develops tools for data recovery.

I have personally added new functionality to binary libraries on wintel, and in embedded firmware for instance communications devices. Just jump somewhere else and jump back where you came from, there is often nothing preventing you from doing that.
Might send Open Source back to how it was pre-Red Hat. Whether that's good or bad, I don't know.
OT: I've always wondered, why aren't pots (edit: all pots, not just water kettles) insulated? And to take it step further, why aren't the stove burner and its interface with the pot also insulated?

To test the energy loss yourself: Put a pot on the stove, turn on the stove, and hold your hand over the pot, next to the pot, and also touching the side of the pot. (DO NOT DO THIS. It's dangerous. Do it as a thought experiment instead.)
It's like they monitored the front-page of HN everyday for a year, made a list of the top mentioned technologies and then gave that list to their management.

Their manager said "Your goal is to write a blog post mentioning each one of these technologies, and add links so it appears in dark-bold-blue text. If we don't have a project using a trendy tech-stack... you bust your ass and get something up and running."

The engineers balked... "but why?"

Then the boss said, "I'm tired of being ignored in 'Who's Hiring' on Hacker News. We make this article and they'll all come begging us for jobs. At the BBC we don't wait for news to come to us, we make the news. And THAT'S what we call journalism kids."
Not even close. Read the other comments in this subthread.
This post builds the intuition for something like the Netwire library

http://blog.jle.im/entry/effectful-recursive-real-world-auto...
My jaw kind of dropped when I saw the Lush/Ride ticket stub and realized -- I was at that very show!
I don't get why the BB(x) numbers should grow faster than A(x). They're harder to compute - true. They're more difficult to prove right - true. But I cannot find anything in the article that proves it actually grows faster than Ackerman numbers.

Unless you can always program A(x) in less than x steps on a Turing machine?
probably cost. I imagine that there's some insulated things somewhere out there
num = 0; while (true) { try { num++; } except ( mallocFail ) { return num; } }
Marketing Is Dead, and Loyalty Killed It
Personally, I don't use a microwave to heat pure water because of the danger of superheating (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superheating), which I have seen first-hand before.
I think Feynman said that, but perhaps he got it from Einstein.
What has helped me is just listening to other people have a conversation (at work, in the supermarket, etc). Once I realized that many popular people aren't usually saying anything very witty or enlightening, just talking about trivial stuff, it took a lot of the pressure off feeling like I have to say something remarkable all the time.
Ever since then, it's been under active development

What have been some significant changes to JS since it was thrown together by Netscape?

It seems to be largely the same trainwreck today that it was 15 years ago.
I just realized 99 should be replaced with "9!".
The difference here is that propylene glycol (mentioned as the food additive in the BBC article) is comparatively nontoxic. The 3 janitors drank ethylene glycol, which is quite poisonous.

Confusion between the two has been the cause of several mass poisonings involving medicine manufactured with poor quality controls.
No, BB is impossible to compute (as a sequence, that is). A(x) is not.
I wonder if there's any technical reason they wouldn't be able to have a thermometer at or near the end of the rod. It would be interesting to see it heat the rod rapidly and then fluctuate the induction base when an ideal temperature is reached in order to maintain that temperature. Ideally wirelessly, but I suppose the top of the rod could have a tether back to the base.

Different substances have different temperature restrictions, but it seems like for rapid heating, you could target 100C at the end of the rod but reduce power as the liquid (perhaps monitored by a second thermometer higher up the rod) approaches 70C, or whatever your preferred temperature is.
As an American eho actually agrees with your comment wholeheartedly, I'd love to see a Brazilian Cisco, a German Microsoft, an Icelandic Bell Labs, and a Swiss Apple. Sadly it seems like the US does come up with a lot of tech that is worldwide dominant. Perhaps it has to do with the way the U.S. culture + government can, in some scenarios be conducive to startups, or perhaps it is luck over and over and over again. I highly doubt luck has anything whatsoever to do with it.

All of this being said, capitalism is a game played by multiple parties. If other countries were able to make things like mentioned above as good or preferably better and sell to. Global audience the whole world would be better off. I just wonder why so much tech used everywhere is made in America originally. DARPA has a huge part of what makes this happen I think and like it or not they are part of the security establishment who made things like the Internet.
Once you're keenly aware that this can happen, it ceases to be a danger. So it becomes pointless to avoid the microwave.

I enjoy superheating when making instant coffee; I like the burst of churn that happens when you sprinkle the stuff into the superheated water and try to nail it just right so that it fizzles vigorously but doesn't burst out of the cup, sending half the water over the counter.
OSM needs open source layers and open source routing code. The related mailing lists are rarely used as no one contribute back and only want to run a closed layer or routing service. The OSM project needs the opposite, to dogfood it. Otherwise the data won't be tuned to work better with certain layers and routing.
> we are literally incapable of even constructing mathematical tools that will let us grab on to and manipulate such numbers

I think this is really the key to your point. Part of me wonders whether this should even make the example in the essay, BB(111), invalid. If there is no way in our universe to ever know exactly what BB(111) is, can it really be considered a well-defined number? That said, I'm no mathematician, so I'm probably off-base here.

My first though reading the challenge was a series of 7^7^7^7... since the 7s would nest together nicely (unlike 9s) :P
This whole article makes me want to scream, if only because the author seems to have never heard of the concept of Path Dependence[1]. I could utter a similar rant, on how terrible it is that we're stuck with awful legacy dumb AC lightbulb sockets everywhere, and wouldn't it be nice if the entropy fairy just waved a magic wand and we all had 'net-connected DC smart sockets for our wonderful Future Bulbs.

But that kind of talk utterly dismisses the important reality that 1) we don't have a magic wand and 2) we have to deal with things like path dependence and network effects as phenomena. Example: if you chart out historical network bandwidth, you'll get a Moore's-law-esque curve, but with a significant step function depending on which network aspect you study. Why? Path dependence and (literal!) network effects: we don't see the benefits of network bandwidth improvements until enough hardware has been upgraded to see an end-to-end improvement.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path_dependence
Because the states that harbor terrorism are not the civilizational or military equivalents of Nazi Germany or Japan. They are much closer to fruit flies.

A country that acts morally, in its own self-defense, does not need political capital. If nobody at all sides with the US, fine. But nobody is going to side against the US that matters in a just, morally correct war to stop state sponsors of terrorism.
You see the same thing in natural organisms. Vestigial adaptations and odd or even awkward designs abound, yet they are functional. Some people take "Worse is Better" to the extreme of "Worst is Best" but there is some wisdom in the idea that it's better to get an adequate solution into play early than to wait for for a perfect, clean-room design. The important thing is to setup a feedback loop that continually refines your solution.

For an inspiring take on the power of chaos in evolution check out Errol' Morris' film "Fast, Cheap & Out of Control":
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast,_Cheap_%26_Out_of_Control
So you want to be an author
> if you don't boot from it

The malware might remain quiescent unless the examination techniques mimic a computer that is booting.

I might prefer to use an analyzer to monitor the disk channel of a machine that is booting and running.

Building an SATA probe/analyzer is within hobbyist knowledge and skill levels now. If you have money you can simply buy it from LeCroy and many others, or rent it by the month/week.
You could. I find it is harder to heat the water to a given temperature and I also make a pot of loose leaf tea then keep it in a thermos. So need about a kettle worth of water. And imagine it is hard to beat direct resistive heating energy transfer. As opposed to say, run it through a transformer, mangetron, drive a cooling fan and spin the platter.
Have you looked at ~/Library/Cookies/HSTS.plist?
Ask HN: Studying large code bases
Hi HN,

Suppose you had to understand a large distributed system. The modules which interact together can be written in different programming languages and all expose a REST endpoint along with a documentation of what each endpoint can do.

For the simplicity of discussion lets consider these languages(Java, C++, Scala, Python and PHP). They could use a distributed database like solr, couchbase

Some of these modules can be 12factored and some with pretty bad code practices. There is no existing mechanism for monitoring but logging.

How would go into analyzing this vast system ? (Not just one at a time, elaborate your techniques)

To what degree would you trust the documentation, infrastructure, existing testing tools, environment setup tools in the process of understanding a module ?

What would you make sure you definately do NOT do?

What language specific strategy would you suggest ? (Entrypoints, configs, static analysis etc.)

Would you think of creating a mechanism for cloud debugging ?

How do you keep track of the knowledge you learn from one module and apply that as you go along ?

How do you keep your life together and still swim in so much complexity ?

Share your stack! http://stackshare.io/

How do you apply these techniques to learn, update and maintain this system?

PS: I am asking this question in general and not for an existing system. But if you would like to give an answer with some open-source project as example, that would be great.
The "think carefully and create deliberately" approach has given us a lot more than that - there's also Smalltalk, Xanadu, Eros/E, NextStep, BeOS, microkernels, Plan9, Dylan, and General Magic.

A look at that list is pretty instructive for why more people don't take the "think carefully and create deliberately" approach: by and large, the creators of those projects failed to profit from their inventions. In many cases, they wasted years of their life slaving away in pursuit of perfection, and the market didn't care. If you study any of the systems I mentioned, you'll find some incredibly elegant and beautiful CS concepts, ones I wish I could use for every-day programming all the time. But the problem is that none of these innovations exist in a vacuum, and in the time it took to perfect the product, the market passed them by and the world changed in a way that made them no longer relevant.
The US should not have a diplomatic relations with any nation that would seek to prevent it from defending itself with Islamic jihadists.

And besides, the interests of the US align on this with literally every other civilizized country on the face of the Earth.

> the US is not superman, it's just another country that is currently on top of things.

Compared to Iran or Pakistan or Yemen, the US is Superman.

The US is not an empire. It is a republic. This would not be a war to expand US territory.
>If you hold that something like 9/11 should be prevented

Nice strawman.
As a former US Army soldier / veteran I would hesitate on calling us the largest military in the world. China's military positively dwarfs ours and believe it or not, North Korea has the most special forces of any military last I checked. That being said because we spend more yearly on defense than most countries have as gdp, we undoubtedly have one of the most effective militaries. I'd lump the NSA under the military term since they fall under the DoD and ultimately the Pentagon here.
Kettles are only for water. Ever.
There are political differences to be expected, but let me try to explain why the USA is willing to rub elbows with the Saudis and not with Iran. My credentials are this: I spent 6 months working on strategy in the CENTCOM AOR bitching about every single country in the Persian/Arabian Gulf every single day. The choice is one of picking the lesser of two evils. The USA has a great interest in keeping and increasing its geopolitical influence in the Middle East (Israel is not included in this region even though we have to plan for their actions). The two main regional powers in the Middle East are Saudi Arabia and Iran. We used to be friendly with both countries back in the 1970s but Iran had a revolution and the Ayatollah didn't want anything to do with us, and it remains that way today. Although the current President of Iran (Rouhani) has mentioned that he would like to improve relations with the USA, he is not the boss regardless of how many people voted for him; the Ayatollah is the Supreme Leader and he still openly calls for the death of Israel and the USA. So we obviously can't be friends with Iran. That leaves us with Saudi Arabia, and while they also sponsor terrorism, they are all we have left. We overlook their actions, and in exchange we are allowed to keep a significant military force there, which props up their government and provides them with a pretty big stick when negotiating with the smaller countries in the region (the only other stick they really have is their gargantuan oil production). So our PATRIOT batteries protect the family of Saud from Iran, and we get to have a little say in their goings on. It's as simple as that. Just about everybody we deal with is a piece of scum that would like to see the USA brought down a peg, but Saudi Arabia doesn't do it openly and they depend on our money and protection, so we get along a little better than them. Iran openly calls for our destruction. The last several US presidents, both Republican and Democrat have decided that it's better for us to support Saudi Arabia than not have any influence in the Middle East at all. The only other option is to withdraw our forces (without Saudi Arabia's cooperation we would probably lose our basing agreements with all the other countries in the region) and have no say whatsoever and watch as the Middle East goes in a direction that isn't beneficial to the USA in the slightest.

--And to get back to the topic of the parent post, yeah, this is exactly what the NSA is supposed to do. It is supposed to do two things: Secure the information of the USA and its citizens, and to undermine the security of everything else. A lot of US citizens were upset when they found out that the NSA vacuum had gotten their information as well, and rightfully so. But the NSA is still primarily focused on targeting external entities, and although those entities are well within their rights to complain, don't expect the NSA to stop just because someone didn't like it. Regardless of what a federal judge says about collecting on US citizens, no judge will EVER tell the NSA to stop its clandestine activities on foreign networks.
Everyone has to start somewhere. Some people fall backwards into an amazing idea and don't have the resources to hire a CEO and would like to learn.

>Once upon a time a CEO was a person with years if not decades of experience...

Yes, that was before the internet. Now we have all sorts of companies, startups, etc with all levels of people / competencies including Mom's with shopify sites selling crocheted ear warmers that wake up one day and find themselves in the position of CEO.

If you have to ask, you are way farther along than most CEO's who are afraid to look bad.
Brings back memories ... hearing Shoegaze for the first time at Amoeba on Telegraph Ave. in Berkeley, MBV's Loveless, and it totally blowing my mind. That was the first time I ever asked a store clerk what they were playing.
> no one was selling any shoegaze records after 1993

So many labels are cranking out the shoegaze right now. Captured Tracks, Slumberland, even Sacred Bones has a few shoegazy bands...
I think that is even possible to do at a low level, see how they embed encrypted packets within other packets to sneak out of a network undetected [1]. Even if this technology only lasted 10-15 years that is a LONG time to have the upper hand.

[1] http://www.jwz.org/blog/2015/02/ip-over-avian-carriers-nsa-e...
Can you point to the actual code?
The way i have seen it used was more like the inverse of your first example, where one go from encoded and tested sysadmin tasks to "lets throw into production any newfangled thing the devs (monkeys hammering keyboards, more like it) wants to use".
There is no distinct word for prejudice against a culture, because ethnicities (which are cultures) and races (which are culturally imposed constructs, though they are portrayed as biological distinctions) are often treated interchangeably, so prejudice against cultures (especially in the form of ethnicity) are generally described as racism. For instance anti-Hispanic bigotry is usually described as racism, though "Hispanic" describes an ethnicity -- that is, a culture -- not a race.
because it would be extremely hot if it's inside the rod, giving the wrong temperature

so it would be useless because all of the hot liquid is around the rod, while the coldest liquid is the farthest from the rod
Benchmarks are indeed hard, which is why I only posted a very specific couple of numbers.

Postgres isn't using an index for the count. When you're essentially tallying an entire table it's a lot less efficient to traverse a B-Tree than to just sequentially stream the table, which is something Postgres is pretty good at.

Here's a sample explain output [1]. Mind you, that server was under heavy load (load avg 12) when I ran the query, which is why the numbers are higher than usual; with no competing CPU or I/O, it normally takes about 500ms.

That box has only 4GB of RAM, out of which it's using about 512MB for caching, and the OS is using about 1.5GB for the file page cache. As you can see from the plan, it's hitting 38,108 buffers, or 297MB of data, meaning its plowing through approximately 148MB/sec to compute the aggregation.

For comparison, RethinkDB chugs about 6GB of RAM before it manages to eke out some results from that query. I'm honestly not sure what it's doing.

[1] https://gist.github.com/atombender/e97dde73ed90054c7626
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript#Versions

http://kangax.github.io/compat-table/es5/
Concern that a microwave oven will irradiate the water is usually logical; it is just that the logic makes reference to ignorant beliefs, rather than facts. :)
Wrong. Neither China nor Russia were ever colonized yet even today they lack behind the west.
Don't quote me on this, but I recall the rational for NaN is because NaN is typically the result of a division by 0.

Divisions by 0 can be thought of as infinity (for the sake of this explanation, but mathematicians will cringe), but it is not any particular infinity. In the sense that x / 0 does not necessarily have to equal y / 0. For that definition, the result of a division by 0, NaN, must not equal itself.

You can use `isNaN`, tho.
The nice ones are (and solve this wasted energy problem, and eliminate time spent waiting for water to boil, and any rain dance to get non-100C water)

https://zojirushi.com/app/category/water-boilers
Looks like it might be https://github.com/Project-OSRM/osrm-backend/tree/master/con... , but I don't know for sure.
While another realist would point out that being caught spying on our fellow allies has seriously damaged our relations with them.
It's impossible to compute them - sure. But the claim was that: "The sequence of Busy Beaver numbers, BB(1), BB(2), and so on, grows faster than any computable sequence."

The explanation was that: "Because if a Turing machine could compute a sequence that grows faster than Busy Beaver, then it could use that sequence to obtain the D‘s—the beaver dams." But these goals seem different to me.

Another sequence you cannot compute is "foo(x)" - the number of integers lower than x for which algorithm "bar(x)" doesn't halt. It's impossible to compute if "bar(x)" doesn't always halt. But the sequence cannot grow faster than "x" itself.

Also, it doesn't matter that you cannot compute them if every TM of a given size can be analysed and proven halting. It doesn't have to be computed (as in, automatically checked).

The fact you can compute A(x) would only be an issue if you could compute A(x) with a machine of size smaller than x.
Basket Crews
> Who in the world would mix wine with anti-freeze?

Greed makes people forget limits. Ever heard about Jin Ling cigarettes? These originate in Kaliningrad and are smuggled throughout Europe. Funny enough, they have been faked - and authorities have found anything from dust to rat sh.t in the faked contraband cigarettes.

And that's harmless. If you want real gross stuff, look at what heroin is stretched with, or what "Krokodil" is.
Electric heating elements that can be used with a mug are nothing new. This is recycled 1970's tech, if not older. The only difference is that this is IH, which just makes it a more complicated mouse trap than the following compact (and cheap!) design:

http://ak.picdn.net/shutterstock/videos/1497616/preview/stoc...

That's something you can slip into your backpack for traveling.

Google image saerch for "immersion travel water heater":

https://www.google.com/search?q=immersion+travel+water+heate...

This IH-driven metal stick is not going revolutionize the way we heat liquids. If the market was eager for immersion heating, the existing immersion heaters would be everywhere. You don't see them much, though, and they have had decades to take off.
I would avoid using the phrase "target the startup community".