skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Enigma (2001) is a better film. It, too, has a gratuitous spy plot. Actually, not only were there no leaks from Bletchley Park, the secret was kept until the early 1970s, and full details didn't come out until the 1990s. Turing was a reasonably important figure at Bletchley Park, which had about 9000 people at peak. But there were lots of other smart people working on the problem. Dilley Knox was in charge of the cryptanalysis, and Gordon Welchman did much of the design on the improvements to the Polish Bombe. Welchman went on to teach the first computer course at MIT and worked on computers until the early 1970s. He overcame his early opposition to vacuum tubes; he thought they would be too unreliable.

The real secret of US and British cryptanalytic efforts was to approach it as an industrial problem. That was new. Cryptanalysis until WWII was someone at a desk with pencil and paper. Cryptanalytic units were tens of people. The WWII effort on the Allied side involved not only Bletchly Park, but a big operation at Arlington Hall in the US and another operation in Hawaii. Bombes, the electromechanical key-testers, were built by the British Tabulating Machine Company, National Cash Register, and Western Electric. (NCR's was the most useful and was produced in large quantities.) About 60,000 people were involved at peak. It wasn't clear until long after WWII how big the operation was. Few people were allowed to see more than a small part of it. This wasn't a "one lone genius" thing.

Some of the secrecy was to make Churchill look good. There were times during WWII when Churchill sent a message to a general facing heavy opposition "Press on and you will be victorious", and took historical credit for his courage and decisiveness. Decades later we find out that Churchill had info such as "14th Panzer low on fuel and ammo, cannot fight for more than 2 hours" from intercepts. All German units sent in a strength return each day (all serious armies do this) which reads like "#1, 12000, #2, 450 ..." and is simply many effective soldiers, how much ammo, and other basic numbers. It's dull, boring, and tells which units can fight effectively and how far they can move. Much of Bletchley Park's work was decrypting and tabulating that info, which told Allied commanders where the weak spots were on the German side.
If the comment section is to be believed, this was in large part funded by the government and a good example of "socialized costs, privatized profits". So, no? It seems perfectly apt.
The source headers say it's copyright and all rights reserved. Even without this notice you would have to presume a full copyright.
nothing to do with airbnb, but these guys: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd%27s_of_London spring to mind when you say 'disrupted'. - It is on the surface almost a communal effort, with profit and loss being spread over the members. Read a little more though and see the allegations of malfeasance and fraud we've all come to expect with a large corporate entity.
That's why I said "tends to prefer". There's no rigid policy—it's a lot of case by case, and feedback from HN users makes the biggest difference in deciding them. You may be right on this one, but it's a marginal call, and the HN comments have clarified the situation quite a bit either way.

There is indeed an industry based on blowing scientific findings out of all proportion, and we do a lot to keep most of that at bay. But the solution isn't as simple as always linking to the papers, and there's no hope of keeping HN immune from this systemic dysfunction, only of correcting its worst excesses.
Don't they have a valid patent? Why don't you think it should be granted?
This is a neat idea, with lots of clean source code. First off, sorry it didn't work out as a business. Agree with you that it has a place in the enterprise, and that marketing to the enterprise is a huge job.

I would very much like a demo or two or at least working endpoints backed by a little data (the ones at https://github.com/BjoernKW/ZenQuery#formats don't work); unfortunately like many of us I don't have as much time as I'd like to delve into the code w/out examples.
It's a strange statement, but you don't refute it well. It's strange because "mostly-white" and "mostly-middle-to-lower-class" describe the electorate.

"During the last election, 33% of Hispanics voted for the Republican party"

What percentage of voters were Hispanic?

"Who do the rich vote for then?"

Statistically, it doesn't matter. There aren't that many of "the rich".
The patent is not being challenged in India. The company (Gilead) already entered into an agreement with a number of India drug companies to provide Sovaldi for $900 per treatment (vs. the $84,000 in the US).
If the results are 65% accurate, could one not conduct a meta-study to achieve the requisite level of confidence?
There are some good data points in previous HN discussions[0].

Runabove[1] offers Power8-based cloud instances, so anyone with the free time can do their own benchmarks.

[0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8481851

[1] https://www.runabove.com
Ohhh guys take a look at this
One concern I have about cameras is if the police get the opportunity to review the footage before testifying, and others don't. I think that would be a significant shift of power toward the police, though it may still curtail some of the most extreme abuses.
"But we know if they have the opportunity to drive Ford, they’re more likely to choose Ford if they buy a car.”

Personally every single Ford I've driven in the last 5 years (at least 4 different models, all rentals) has convinced me never ever ever to buy a Ford.
The reason age discrimination isn't included in the diversity mea culpas is because they have no plan to change. The economics of manipulating young professionals is too compelling to be changed by (mere) outrage.
For some reason this story dropped way too fast off the front page.
That's not really true anymore.
I think the Nim code is also pretty readable: https://github.com/def-/LPATHBench/blob/master/nim.nim

And Nim doesn't look bad in the other statistics (on an x86_64 Intel Core2Quad Q9300):

Lang Time [ms] Memory [KB] Compile Time [ms] Compressed Code [B]
Nim 1400 1460 893 486
C++ 1478 2717 774 728
D 1518 2388 1614 669
Rust 1623 2632 6735 934
Java 1874 24428 812 778
OCaml 2384 4496 125 782
Go 3116 1664 596 618
Haskell 3329 5268 3002 1091
LuaJit 3857 2368 - 519
Lisp 8219 15876 1043 1007
Racket 8503 130284 24793 741

Code size with gzip -9 < nim.nim | wc -c. Removed unused functions in Haskell.
Well, that's what the world has come to. India, for example, can't or won't pay for new drugs so the drug companies need to adapt. Companies need to be paid for their work. What would be a better system? Why can't India develop newer drugs, for instance, then release them cheaply? It should be give and take, not just take.
That is patently unfair, and leaves many poor US citizens without treatment.

Gilead, the manufacturer of Sovaldi, has a very generous support program for patients who either have very large insurance co-pays or don't have insurance at all[1].

The Sovaldi and Harvoni Co-pay Coupon Programs, which provide co-pay assistance for eligible patients with private insurance who need assistance paying for their out-of-pocket medication costs. Most patients will pay no more than $5 per co-pay.
The Support Path Patient Assistance Program will provide Sovaldi and Harvoni at no charge for eligible patients with no other insurance options.

[1]http://www.gilead.com/responsibility/us-patient-access/suppo...
EmbeddedEditor (Firefox Extension)
Sure they do. Look at what they spend on their military, which in reality does them no good whatsoever (their true defenses are diplomacy with China and their hostage to the south).
If you want to scare them talk about it being a technical credit card - pay that debt back regularly and try and clear it as quickly as you can.
I dislike SPKI for the same reason as I dislike JOSE. Cryptographic security isn't a property of a data format, nor is there a clear way to layer it onto arbitrary data formats. Properly designed cryptography functions at a higher layer that that.
The people who built PRISM, no doubt, believed that what they were doing was necessary for the good of the country, and probably still do. As you say - two sides to every story.
Why the Interview Release Debate Explains Everything Wrong with Sony
Do Artifacts Have Politics? [pdf]
The comment section is not to be believed. The cost to develop Sovaldi was chiefly born by private investors. I don't know the details, but there may have been publicly funded research that helped discover the drug, but that is likely a fraction of the hundreds of millions of dollars it cost to develop.

A good analogy would be to say that since the US gov't created the internet, Google shouldn't be charging much money at all for its services.

EDIT: It appears that the discovery of sofosbuvir (Sovaldi) was done at a private company.[1] Of course it never would have been discovered without the work of NIH funded research, but it's unfair to say the cost of R&D was born by the public.

[1]http://www.chem.wisc.edu/deptfiles/chem345-gellman/Sp13/Anti...
i.i.d. variables are uncorrelated.
It's pretty simple. In a practical sense it means that the author of any license-free project on Github who finds their code used in other software can, very cheaply, C&D the authors of those packages.
Perhaps they're more concerned about human lives than maximizing corporate profits. I realize it's not a popular viewpoint.
You can fit trailers for winter usage if you add better insulation for full-time living. The tiny housing community has a lot of info about this. Basically, people build their own small houses on trailers and choose a spot to live. The difference to RVs is the appearance (it actually looks like a house), and that they are fit also for winter climates.
(Start here for example: http://thetinylife.com/) You can move them, but people don't do it a lot. It seems to be quite cheap and fun to make them.
I've always liked this analogy in preference to the standard notion of debt, but if we find ourselves having to explain the analogy, is it such a good analogy in the first place?

So I think it needs to be judged in context - who are we trying to communicate with?
with the original research publication here: http://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108...
With such a price difference one would expect a grey market for the reimported drug to emerge.
Not only does this pdf contain zero information, there is no reason for it to be in PDF format.

I have to imagine that the few people who voted it up thus far did so while avoiding actually loading a PDF, but assuming that it has some substance: I mean...it's a PDF. Surely it must be full of rich graphics and charts, right? Nope, several paragraphs of text.
In Europe, most don't have the student loans and still don't want cars. But then, the public transport system has better coverage I guess. It's ridiculous to spend that amount of money on something you want only once or twice a month and then also don't really need it. (Things can change when people have kids.)
Implementing Language Engine – Paraphrases and Lexical Decomposition
I must say, I do not understand why they have to assume that there is no common cause. What you're looking for is an asymmetry in the the bleeding of noise from one variable into another, right? I.e., if you're hypothesis is that A causes B, then you want to confirm that noise in A also appears in B, but that noise in B does not also appear in A.

The fact that there is a common source of noise in both might make it more difficult to detect this asymmetry (because it weakens your characterization of A or B specific noise) but, on their assumption that noise is typically additive, wouldn't it still be theoretically possible to detect the asymmetry you're looking for? I.e., if A and B have common cause X, then noise from X will appear in A and B, but A noise will not appear in B, and B noise will not appear in A (assuming that A and B also have intrinsic noise sources in addition to the noise they inherit from X). Symmetry is maintained.

What am I not getting?
Ruge looks interesting but the last commit is November 2013. Is the project still active?

Ruge is dependent on SICStus Prolog[1] which is proprietary. Has anyone had success running ruge on an opensource prolog such as GNU Prolog, swi-prolog, or yap?

[1] http://bmccarthy.bitbucket.org/ruge/download.html
pardon, I meant independent samples of course (edited)
Science Exchange (YC S11) Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology
At least one more pet project. I started 3 interesting projects, but never launched them.
Get to know whats around – yapQ
Building streaming video over wireless has been crazy hard. We are happy to answer questions on that and our trials with USB.
This one is I guess less about implementing LE than it is about how to implement things in LE, but whatever. Maybe next time I'll say "devblogging" to be more generic. heh
so... not just a pass through a Rails/Node.js tutorial then?

you've just eliminated perhaps 90% of the folks who've recently decided to switch to "hacker" as their career! ;-)
PDF formats and ATM machines
I think it's both. Increase times and also enforce red-light cameras --but within reason. Where I live, at some intersections there aren't always dedicated LH turn lanes, so people have to wait till oncoming traffic has a large enough gap to make the left. Often times, the only time left to make the left is to wait for the yellow... and the 3 or four cars behind have an option of going through a red light or waiting again for a yield on green... In this situation, people have little option but going through a red (or possibly taking a more circuitous route).

That said, for the most part, I feel red light cameras are a racket.
>The head of the most prominent start-up incubator told The New York Times that most venture capitalists in the Valley won’t take a pitch from anyone over 32.

I have a really hard time taking this seriously
The CocoaSplit repository does not contain a LICENSE file. Basically this would mean it is unlicensed. However it does mention a license in its credits.rtf page, buried in the project:

"
The inclusion of x264 requires this software is licensed in a GPL compatible way. I'm fairly apathetic about software licensing, so to make everyone's life easy (but mostly mine) CocoaSplit is licensed under GPLv2.
"

Considering the apathy of CocoaSplit if there is going to be an aggrieved party here it will be authors of x264.
Ms. Pfeffer eventually found a solution, but it wasn’t easy. And this is mostly the fault of the insurance industry, which doesn’t always want to answer questions about this sort of activity, whose agents aren’t always as knowledgeable as they should be and whose own policy language can be incredibly confusing.

This isn't the "fault" of the insurance industry. Homeowners insurance policies mitigate the standard risks of residences. They don't cover hotels, which have wildly different risks due in part to the radically different incentives and risk tolerances of hotel room occupants.

This whole article is premised on the idea that it shouldn't be hard to figure out which homeowner's policies can be abused to cover ad-hoc hotel businesses. I'm alarmed that there are policies that do work that way; if I were a Liberty Mutual customer, I'd be painfully aware that my premiums took into account the idea that I might rent out my own house that way.

I sort of adore Airbnb and have never had a bad experience with it, but everyone in the Airbnb ecosystem appears to be relying on denial in one way or another.
That's about what they cost now. Sounds like the "Porsche" is a more stable denominator of value than anything else, including gold.
I bet the costs are lower than equivalent humans (eg. medical insurance, SS, lawsuit risk, paid time off, theft, recruiting/training churn, etc)
Oh man. I saw that on the catalogue when I was a kid.
So they seem to have at least some commercial software and hardware made by American companies. Given that the US cannot trade with NK that means either 1) the companies broke the embargo or 2) they bought through a 3rd party or 3) the software is pirated/stolen/

I'll assume #1 isn't true since it would be stupid for those companies to do that for so little money.

#2 has interesting implications about trade embargoes. Unless everyone in the world participates, it seems like all an embargo does is add complexity and middle-men to the transaction. For example, if they legally acquired the software and hardware through a Chinese or Russian reseller, then all that happened was the Chinese or Russians took a cut.

#3 interestes me because what happens there? Ok, they are using clearly stolen software, now what? Are there any consequences?
Poor Man’s VPN with a Cheap VPS
Anyone else thinking "EJB on Rails"?
Yes:

https://www.dropbox.com/s/jzp8htjdwj7htyn/Screenshot%202014-...

What's your point?
Raspberry Pi Inside
Compared to equally large codebases with comparable attack surface written in...
I was trying to make an ironic joke about the pitfalls of metaphors by using a metaphor. It didn't really have anything to do with the premise of the origīnal post. So I apologize for being off-topic - the opportunity was just too tempting :)
It's a little different than that. The first drug, Solvadi, was developed by the company Pharmasset. Pharmasset did get some government grants to develop Solvadi, though the cost to develop the drug was much higher than the amount of the grants.

Gilead paid a massive amount to buy out Pharmasset with the plan of recouping the elevated buyout costs by charging a huge sum for Solvadi. They could have paid much less to buy out Pharmasset and charged far less for the drug, but chose profit over any other interest. Pharmasset had been planning to sell Sovaldi (and the new drug) for a tiny fraction of what Gilead is now charging.

The new drug, Harvoni, is a refinement of Sovaldi Pharmasset was working on. While Gilead is already fairly close to recouping their buyout money, they are charging even more for Harvoni.

The costs are being taken from the public in that many Hep. C patients are too poor to have insurance so Medicaid is giving a huge amount of cash to Gilead, though the initial research grants were only around $1 mil.
Sure. There are some CSA (community-supported agriculture) farms around where you can order eggs from pastured chickens (raised on actual pasture as opposed to the poorly-defined "free range") and they will ship to you periodically.

I believe cage free is just what it says: they are cooped together as a flock, but not in individual cages.

Also as the other commenter says, drive around a rural area and you'll likely see any number of farms advertising fresh eggs. However, even there, many of them keep the chickens in a run or coop and they are fed mostly chicken feed. Better living conditions than the average commercial battery farm to be sure, but the eggs won't taste that much different.
A better way of assessing a drug, or any health-care intervention really, is through methods such as cost per QALY (quality-adjusted life year).

Some interventions are "cheap" per person, but have an NNT (number needed to treat) of >100. In other words, 100+ people need to be treated (and paid for) just to prevent one bad event. Other treatments are "cheap" per-year, but have to be taken for years/decades.

Indeed in this case, the new treatment course is 8 weeks instead of 12, so an increased cost per-pill can still make sense economically.
A bit of OT, but based on what I read on Russian Internets this Navalny person is generally recognized as a US sock-puppet even in the anti-Putin circles. His trial is clearly political, but it's less about him personally and more about keeping pressure on other agents of influence.

Facebook and Twitter though ... they don't have much choice, do they? They don't comply - they get a site-wide ban in Russia, which is hardly a headache they want being for-profit entities. Capitalism at work.
If they are concerned then they should do the research. It's pretty lame to have someone else spend billions of dollars of their money then simply take their work. Companies wouldn't stay in business with your model, and we wouldn't get new medicines.

I would greatly welcome another option where governments or the public funded more medicines then licensed them cheaply.
"The HARVONI co-pay coupon program will cover the out-of-pocket costs of your HARVONI prescriptions after you pay the first $5 per prescription fill, up to a maximum of 25% of the catalog price of a 12-week regimen of HARVONI." [1]

So if you have insurance, need this drug, and your copay is more than 25%, you're looking at tens of thousands out of pocket. As is usually the case, it appears they'll give it for free to the poorest of the poor that have no insurance. But if you're part of the middle class with (for example) crappy Obamacare exchange coverage, you could be in real trouble even with the discount provided by this program. If your copay was 50%, you'd be looking at paying $23,625 (25% of $94,500) out of pocket. For most people, that simply means no Harvoni.

https://www.harvoni.com/co-pay-coupon-registration?evo_sourc...
> Unlimited future downside? Really? I would like to know on which context this is possible.

Don't take it so literally; it's just a short-selling simile.
Splunk's been public for quite a while and is the same way. In fact, even eliminating their entire R&D wouldn't result in them being profitable.
We're talking about layouts that prevent you from making the window narrower than 1080 pixels.
Enigma (2001) is a better film.

I haven't seen that, but my understanding is that they cast him as straight. If so, how is it possible to get past that (rather insulting) inaccuracy?

All German units sent in a strength return each day (all serious armies do this) which reads like "#1, 12000, #2, 450 ..." and is simply many effective soldiers, how much ammo, and other basic numbers. It's dull, boring, and tells which units can fight effectively and how far they can move. Much of Bletchley Park's work was decrypting and tabulating that info, which told Allied commanders where the weak spots were on the German side.

Can't believe that there wasn't a glut of bogus strength reports floating around. ("No, Mr. Turing, your friends will find that the 14th Panzer is fully armed and operational.")
Optimizing polymorphic code in Java
The generally old-school services available and minimal turnover suggests to me that the official IP space is entirely controlled by a few NK government entities (maybe one of the universities?) and the real NK IP space is dispersed among Chinese allocations/assignments.
Is there any way to know how representative these results are of overall NK Internet usage?
> I dislike SPKI for the same reason as I dislike JOSE.

They're different things though.

> Cryptographic security isn't a property of a data format…

True, although a data format can have cryptographic issues (e.g. there should be one and only one encoding for a particular datum, and if there're multiple encodings then there are issues).

> …nor is there a clear way to layer it onto arbitrary data formats.

True enough, which is why canonical S-expressions were invented by Ron Rivest in order to enable a particular type of PKI—the format was created in order to serve a purpose; the purpose wasn't crammed atop some random format.

> Properly designed cryptography functions at a higher layer that that.

You're of course correct. Fortunately, SPKI does work at a higher level than its (elegant) data format: it's actually all about trust calculus across certificate and name tuples. It's mostly orthogonal to encryption, but encryption just kinda falls out naturally from what it does handle.

And S-expressions are still so, so much nicer than JSON.