skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The SLS is designed for a 500m cost per launch. This was a test flight using the very expensive Delta IV rocket, not the SLS rocket, currently in development.

For reference, the Saturn V cost (fixed for 2014 inflation) is 3b per launch. The Space Shuttle cost 1.5b per flight. So this system is fairly cheap historically, especially considering how much lifting power the Block II configuration will provide.

Interesting that we went from 3b to 1.5b from the Saturn V to the STS, half, but this time are going from 1.5b to 500m, a third.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Launch_System

For those interested, the new Gerard R. Ford class aircraft carrier costs 14b in R&D and 9b in construction and costs 2.5b a year to run (including other ships in carrier group). If I'm doing my math right, something like the SLS, and its lifetime of missions (excluding Mars), is comparable to having another carrier in the US military. Currently we have ten carriers and two under construction.

http://www.navy.mil/navydata/ships/carriers/cv-list.asp
Really? Dart?
Could you describe the sorts of calculations those were? Are these regressions or similar? Do PMs really look at that sort of thing? Maybe they were basing a TSP on the latest financial figures? b^)

It seems possible that was a mostly IO-bound system, and the things which could have been conceivably CPU-bound should just have been batched and cached.
Having a Leaf EV, I'd very much like to have a 2kWh panel not connected to the grid. Selling power back is uninteresting relative to keeping a 30kWh buffer battery topped off, charged during the day while the car's away, and passing the charge to the car in the evening (ideally at 220V, charging the EV within 4 hours). Other than perhaps being physically located in the garage, it would have nothing to do with house wiring.
Snowden has said many times that he is not the one deciding which documents to publish and when. He gave them all to the reporters, who make all of those decisions on their own. Replace "Snowden and his small team" with "The reporters who have the documents."
How does this compare to what SpaceX is doing? Does it make sense for NASA to be doing this in parallel with Dragon?
Not necessarily - you can find the system headers on your machine and then do 'cp folly/FBString.h /usr/include/c++/4.9.1/string', and then every time you do #include <string> it will pick up Folly's FBString. If a new version comes out, just drop it there. If you're a large corporation, just modify your build system to use your custom standard headers.

It sounds like this is what Facebook does - no Facebook code actually references FBString, it just uses std::string and Facebook's implementation of std::string is the Folly version. Google does something similar, where they replaced std::string with their own more efficient version, and everybody just uses it like a normal string.
>>We have rights too.

>Not under the US Constitution which is what governs the NSA.

US is a signatory of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helsinki_Accords
I disagree. In my personal case, I need to individually account for each of those rides when I file reimbursement. A month does not capture that the first week was billable to client x, the second week was work related travel, Monday I was taking a prospective around, etc. individual transactions let me group them by which expense report they belong in.

Maybe this is not true for everyone tho.
Wait til the machines rise against us
Just wow. Great post and the linked blog post was also fascinating. I find it almost incredulous that there are people in the throws of power who play this as a game with the lives of billions hanging by a thread in their hands.
Your "blow" library looks pretty interesting as well. I'm not a biologist, but have spoken to a few... this type of thing could prove very helpful in the field.
Which also means when someone is in a bad mood you really feel it.

I do vastly prefer the model in Australia of anyone being your server, rather than having a specific waiter. If your waiter goes missing in the US, it seems so silly that if you talk to another waiter, they have to go find _your specific one_ for you.
Wow, almost $2.5B at today's cost. There is no way that they would allow that much today.
SpaceX is building a shuttle to get people to orbit and back -- Orion is meant to get people to Mars. I think the scale is different.
In my fictitious example if you're still personally coding the things that need to happen, then by your argument you're still a "programmer", just one who is earning $3000 per hour. (Which certainly stretches the meaning of the term.)

What I'm saying is that it is not quite fair to assume that every 'freelance programmer' (OP or your readers) can do that to the extent that you can. Business requirements analysis is simply a different skill from programming.

Consider the example where the person buying your services is on to your pricing strategy, and misrepresents the value of the business downward (or hides it from you), so that you are left only with the process but no good idea of the value of it.

Can you still do your business analysis, and price it as you suggest? Not nearly as well. Even though as far as code goes, you could still write all of it.

So I would say that what you advocate goes well beyond the idea of a freelance programmer, to include aspects of a business consultant. (Finally, really good proof of this is that in some cases you may well be able to hand off the actual coding to someone who will follow your instructions at a low hourly rate. The fact that this is even a possibility suggests that the value you're describing and capturing may not be in the specific programming at all, but a different layer entirely.)
> Why not bill on a daily/weekly/monthly rate?

I would need explanation on this. It's not that I disagree, just that I don't understand the reason of this recommendation.

I've read the other comments going in the same direction as you, and already saw it in the past written in tptacek's profile [1].

Do you mean that you always dedicate full days to a customer, and will always invoice them full days, even if you don't work all the time? If not, how do you do when you work, say 4 hours for one client?

How is billing daily/weekly/monthly more simple? Thanks for enlighting me.

[1]https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=tptacek
https://juliabox.org/ for those interested in trying it. If enough people try it, there may be a queue, but there are no invites required anymore.
Use Nir Eyal's “Hook Model” to Increase App Engagement [Audio]
Since when did the internet start lying to us?
No matter how you bill, there are always going to be pathological people to work with.

When you run into the "incessant stream of bogus requests" pathology, ask yourself:

"Does this person represent a business that can afford to pay serious market rates, and does this person have the juice inside the company to make real decisions?"

If so: raise your rates and change your packaging so that you're capturing some of the value they're asking for. The "incessant stream of requests" phenomenon is why there are retainer arrangements.

If not: jettison the client. Say no more. Say yes less.
Sure, but those old mainframe OSes are utterly archaic in every other way.
Why the io.js Fork Is a Good Thing
11 parachutes split into 3 separate stages, very cool to watch descend.
I thought that Davis link was the most remarkable thing I'd ever seen. Then I Googled the back story, and found out that the officer lodging the complaint had also sworn in court that the Davis didn't bleed on him when the police department was sued, and then having somehow avoided a perjury charge, received a commendation from Ferguson City Council this year. And that one of the other officers involved is also facing a lawsuit for tasering a man to death.
http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/08/15/the-day-fer...
http://www.fergusoncity.com/Archive/ViewFile/Item/236
Generating a collision for the "encrypted" phrase "unpx" is not hard.
> The Tesla model S has a 60 or 85 kwh battery. I don't know what the cost of the battery alone is, but it's probably pretty expensive.

As of 2013, the 60 and 80 kwh batteries are approximately $10k and $12k respectively. [1]

[1] http://www.teslamotors.com/blog/2013-model-s-price-increase
That's pretty heavy security through obscurity. A more robust solution would be to have all of those passwords encrypted with a master key. You can make the script prompt you for the master key when you start it up, then it runs without needed any more input, but you aren't storing sensitive information.
Aren't SpaceX also working on the Mars mission long term? How are they addressing the interplanetary flight?
I'm still new to it, but one huge advantage of daily rates is that it gets much easier to estimate projects. It's no longer "2 hours for this, 3 hours for that" and instead is "that'll take about a day".
Schedule meetings with an AI assistant
Shuttle launches cost $1-2B, and carried significantly less to orbit.
Well, definitely use 2FA on your GC account, then.

Ubuntu-based EC2 instances aren't "more secure", but they set you up as a user of better security practices. Like any set of tools, though, you have to understand them and use them properly.

Is something like Heroku not an option for you?
Time Out Quickly
Here's a start:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4101355#up_4103417
There is a difference between a general dislike and an active dislike. There are plenty of people there who will blame the US for specific deaths of people close to them. This motivates people a lot more than some general "I don't like those people much" idea.
You know, one of the things that has annoyed me about python isn't that it's slow, its just it seemed like the BDFL was unconcerned about addressing performance. It is what it is, you can't fault them for having their priorities, but it bothered me. PyPy to an extent has done an excellent job of addressing it, but I'm really happy that there's a language like this that seems like it cares about making things fast without making it incredibly verbose -- I am impressed.
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Good question, but better sent as an email to 'hn@ycombinator.com'. Dan will redirect as appropriate.
Given there are SHA256 engines that produce terahashes per second, you could probably do tens to hundreds of terahashes depending on sophistication.

At that point even a sloppy brute-force approach would have a high probability of a collision on at least one key of a sufficiently large key-set. Against a specific target it may or may not be viable.
MP3 is a really old format with some known flaws even at the highest bitrates - try using something newer like Vorbis or Opus.
Actually, no. 90% of the problems with strings in any language is somebody screwing up the character encoding, usually out of ignorance.

The fact that every object in Java has some overhead and probably needs some padding for alignment is utterly irrelevant. But since you asked:

- 8 bytes generic object overhead per String

- 4 bytes for the char[] ref

- 12 bytes for the char[] itself, if non-null, plus probably 4 bytes padding

- 12 bytes for length, offset and hash code int fields (3*4 bytes)

- and 2 bytes per character stored

So I guess 40 bytes for the empty string should be about it. Happy?

My customer's servers have usually 8Gb or RAM, 16Gb is becoming the norm. Nobody cares anymore. Maybe its important in your field, I don't know. No mine though.

So did I ever need to know this piece of trivia? No.

Did I have to fix someone else's code which was relying on the platform default encoding? Lots of times.

PP: actually in C, you get the usually security nightmares on top of the encoding stuff.
A situation like not caring.
To the best of my knowledge, Plan 9 eschews dynamic linking entirely and does everything statically.

As for package management... the entire model of Plan 9 is such that most conventional things about Unix package management that we take for granted are simply irrelevant. You don't typically deal with things on the package level, but on the file server level - which is inherently versioned, archivable and introspectable through simple tools. You can do things like immediately swap in a library from the file system cache just to test a program to see if it runs on it, then replace it back, all trivially.

There have been some bolted on approaches to package management as of more recent [1] [2]. Conceptually, they're no more advanced than Slackware's shell script-based pkgtools, largely because they don't need to be.

A Plan 9-ish way to package management would probably involve something like mounting a networked file system to a local share and then maintaining a replica on it. Actual management could then be done through simple mkfiles. A layer on top of that which precompiles and simply union mounts the contents of an archive is certainly possible, too. It's still pretty similar to ports, though, but with less headaches.

Ironically, your ideal form of package management is pretty similar to Slax's use of union mounting compressed file system archives, or even Slackware's tarballs that hold directory contents which are unpacked to install. The Linux community doesn't seem to want that. Dynamic linking complicates things.

[1] http://man2.aiju.de/1/pkg
[2] http://www.9atom.org/magic/man2html/1/contrib
> You can't provide it in all cases,

I'm curious how reliable it is. It seems simple, intuitively, but Java (the JVM?) seems to have a reputation of being sub-par in this respect. Maybe it has to do with knowing how the the variables that are sent to other methods are used; if it only has local knowledge (the method that the object is created in), then I guess it has to be pessimistic with regards to all objects that are used as a parameter in method calls in that method.
I feel bad about sharing juliabox here some months ago blocking the service up with traffic.
I hope it didn't cause too much of a headache for you julia guys.
They are closely related but entirely different approaches. Most machine learning is relatively simple statistical models. Deep learning means ridiculously large models. Sometimes they have millions of parameters and require rooms full of GPUs running for weeks to train. But the capacity means they can learn far more complicated functions (like machine vision or language.)
> We isolated Iran with both Afghanistan and Iraq

How did Iraq isolated Iran? Iran and Iraq, while both bucking the 'US power structure', were enemies of each other.
I don't want to sound conflictual but many Java/C* professionals use tools written in Python and Ruby daily. I'm thinking about Bitbucket (Django) and GitHub (Rails). They seem to work well enough.
Yeah, during Apollo, the NASA budget was 2.5-4.5% of the total federal budget, vs. 0.5% today.
We recently added support for IJulia Notebooks in Domino [0]. Same idea: one-click, fully hosted, scalable hardware, with version control and collaboration. More generally, we're excited to do more for the Julia community. If anyone has feature requests to improve our Julia support, please let us know.

[0] http://www.dominodatalab.com
I think that part was removed, here's the latest one

http://www.apple.com/legal/sla/docs/xcode.pdf

I lightly skimmed the iOS SDK part and ctrl + F'ed for key words (executable, SDK, Javascript, code) and nothing like those paragraphs you referenced showed up
Treasury Dept: Tor a Big Source of Bank Fraud
> Kurzweil said their efficiency doubles every two years

According to that article, he said the "use" of solar energy doubles every two years.

Efficiency has been gradually improving, but it's definitely not doubling every two years. Every few decades would be closer; that said, using an exponential curve to model a function that's capped at 100% doesn't really make much sense in the first place.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PVeff(rev141113).jpg
>Moralism aside, there's a point at which prisoner benefits can create an incentive to commit crimes.

That already exists in our current prison system. Here in Toronto, 'criminals' are found every year standing beside broken windows of downtown businesses late at night because they couldn't stand the frigid cold and the homeless shelters were full. All they usually want is a warm place to sleep and some food that didn't come out of a dumpster.

While the prospect of running a lucrative commercial B&E enterprise with the "worst case scenario" including a college education might be tempting...

You will still be a known criminal to your family and friends, which will take years to change their opinion of you if at all possible. Nobody will feel comfortable leaving you alone in their home. Nobody will allow their children to approach you. Your options for employment will drop drastically once you are released from prison.

You will still lack freedom. Feel like taking a jog in the park? Not for another 10 years, you can't.

Etc.

If the above seem like a better scenario than your current situation, perhaps you need some guidance in a community college type setting.
'tab', a new command-line utility for processing tabular text files seriously
'tab' is a command-line utility for processing data in tabular text files (think CSV or webserver logs) in a much more serious and rigorous way than 'awk' and friends can.

Born out of a real need to compute and aggregate quickly and directly in the shell, without the hassle of having to write Python or Perl scripts. Have fun.

[Get it here.](http://bitbucket.org/tkatchev/tab)
Does Julia community have a typesetting tool(s) like knitr + Latex? a.k.a can i embed Julia code on to a latex document the same way I can do with R code? That is one feature that can convert me very quickly.
the NEC does cover low voltage systems
You're deluding yourself. Security through obscurity is barely worth the effort.

If you want this done in a fashion that's secure, deploy it on a small device like a Raspberry Pi and firewall that thing so aggressively you can barely get in. It's hard to hack what you can't connect to.
They're probably not using the latest models or have some deal with Apple similar to an education discount. I don't know what the business logic is.
Maybe in the very longterm. SpaceX is at the moment in orbit where NASA was in the 60s. Going to the moon is a much greater distance than most people imagine. Not even speaking of Mars.
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My experience is the exact opposite. Cabbies in the city act like they could do whatever they want on the road, whereas Lyft and Uber drivers are way more cautious.
Building Pinalytics: Pinterest’s data analytics engine
Federated neighborhood grids could further smooth out large demand fluctuations by networking their cycling devices together so they take turns. The biggest power demands like heaters/AC units/refrigerators/water heaters all cycle on and off, and these cycles could be coordinated so that they wouldn't all be on throughout the neighborhood at the same time.

Smart water heaters could also smooth out some excess supply. The water heater would mix cold water with its' stored hot water in different ratios (depending on how much excess electricity there was and therefore how hot the water is) to provide a constant temperature output.
5 great free Windows tuneup utilities you need right now
Handmade Paper Video Game, Released
I don't know lush why lush died, but julia's matlab-like syntax is a big deal for me. Not because I especially like that syntax (although it's grown on my as I've used more julia), but because it's going to be a lot easier to try to get coauthors, students, etc., to use the language and because there's a lot of code relevant for what I do that's written in Matlab, and porting it (hopefully) should be relatively straightforward.
I was arguing against the notion that they should go the traditionalist way and become an educator to change the system, I was arguing against the school being right about their actions, I was arguing for disrupting rules that only exist to protect the status que.
The [non-]money quote:

"The next test flight is not expected until 2018 because of limited NASA budgets, and Orion will not carry astronauts until 2021 at the earliest."

So while I don't want to downplay the technical achievement, it is politics, not technology, that remains the limiting factor at NASA. :-(
You likely have more experience with this than I do, but it seems to me that getting access to 36,000 IPs (the quoted maximum amount per minute) to make a single request each would be extremely difficult. And even if you could do that, most of them would probably be in similar blocks which would make them easier to detect and stop. It just is really hard and/or really expensive to get access to that many IPs (short of running a large botnet, which also would be hard and expensive and illegal).

Based on QVC's inability to stop this I think their tech competence is probably fairly low, so my guess is that result.ly just would spin up 100 AWS instances, crawl for some amount of time (with a spoofed user agent), then close those down and spin up another 100 instances, then rinse and repeat. For QVC it would seem like you are constantly facing a moving target with all these different IPs, but in fact it is just from AWS.

The complaint is of course inaccurate in that it is impossible to lie about the source of the request. Whatever IP the request was coming from is the IP it was coming from. Perhaps in the case of an AWS instance Result.ly is only leasing it for a short time, or in the case of a proxy it is the proxy's IP, but obviously it is still traceable to the owner somehow.
The author of the article says that relative (to Python and R) paucity of the libraries should not stop one from using Julia. I completely second this for another reason, which is the awesome PyCall package, using which you can make use of any Python library.
it would just store the public key only.
That wasn't the main point of the article at all.

It's not that the staff were upset that there were going to be some business model changes (or even cuts in headcount). It's that the new leadership seems to have come in pretty cock-heaeded, and basically clueless as to how to deal with the existing culture there -- or just how to treat the staff as human beings, generally. Accomplished, senior-level people don't just resign en masse, and say things like this:

“Leon said he’s never seen any editor be so disrespected and dicked around--I’m paraphrasing--as Frank has been treated for the last couple of months,” said senior editor Julia Ioffe, describing the meeting Thursday afternoon in the newsroom, at which Wieseltier and Foer announced that they’d quit.

or this:

“It was cowardly, the way Chris and Guy went about this,” Ioffe said. “Media reporters have been calling for months, asking, ‘Is Frank fired?,’ and they’ve been lying to everybody, including Frank.”

or this:

At least the king in the Red Wedding had the balls to stab everyone in person.
— Ryan Lizza (@RyanLizza) December 5, 2014

for no reason.
My firm offers the same service, but in a secure cloud.
I wonder how cavalier people treat strings when they feel like "primitive values" in the language - like Java having the (+) operator for concatenation.

I don't agree with the view that "costly" (it's all relative, but anyway) operations should look "costly" (i.e., be a relative eyesore). But I don't doubt that it can affect one's mindset.
Wasn't the route cache removed a while back?
I want to be an engineer: First steps 2
"Dragon V2 will initially conclude missions under her parachutes, prior to a later switch to a fully propulsive landing."

http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2014/08/dragon-v2-rely-parach...
Probably not, but NASA paid for the development of Dragon as part of the Commercial Resupply Services program.
Correct. It is total power delivered. You can still short 48V wires and start a fire with high enough current.