skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Yes, this part of the code is basically unchanged in all versions from the oldest I could get (1.14.7).

What made me look for it, was a suspicion that it was some backdoor added more recently. But apparently no, it's a feature that always existed in bash (granted, an ill-advised and ill-implemented undocumented feature, but still).
StartSSL is nice because you don't need create a csr.

You should though.
> most math-related wikipedia pages read as a reference

This is by design, which is why it is called an encyclopedia. The fact that it assumes prior knowledge just means that you need to refer to other entries when in doubt.
I've made $60k in a year with a highly topical 60-page ebook (PDF only) that I wrote in about a week, mainly by promoting to a mailing list with only a few thousand people on it.

As Nathan says, you need to set a price. Plus, tell people why it's worth more for them to buy and read your book than to either not have the information in it, or spend the time researching themselves.

My book is on supporting Retina screens on web browsers[1]. Yes, you can spend a week reading all you can ok the web about it. Or you spend $49 and know all about it in half an hour and spend the other 39 1/2 hours of the week making money with client work.

[1] http://retinafy.me
That is really exciting! I am going to take a serious look at jsonb and using Postgres now, although FoundationDB has caught my eye with its table group functionality: https://foundationdb.com/layers/sql/documentation/Concepts/t...
The message seems to be that Apple are 'locking out the NSA' which is nonsense of course, but both may be counting on the fact that a typical consumer won't really look too closely at the claim. Their takeaway is that Apple's phones are perceived to be safer.

Apple gets to sell more phones due to this perception, the FBI get to continue hoovering (no pun intended) up iPhone user's data, and everyone goes home happy. It seems to be a manufactured controversy, with Apple & the FBI both playing their parts and knowing full well the rules of the game haven't changed one bit.
Well, I had a visual flash of insight on this topic when we got an SGI Crimson in the office. It came with the X-Windows documentation, I'd say at least 3 feet of shelf-space.

The full NeXTStep documentation, including DPS, AppKit, system administration, NetInfo, etc was about a quarter of that.

Again, the previous was just the windowing system, so at most around 1/10th of the scope of the NeXTSTep documentation, and no, the NeXTSTep docs weren't any less thorough or complete.

So, if you've learned and maybe become an expert in the stuff that requires 3 feet of documentation, you're probably not too thrilled about finding out it's been for naught.
Here comes another drop in my HN points.

The simple truth is that there is no explanation of how the Zaire variant of Ebola arrived in West Africa, travelling over a 1500 miles without any outbreaks between.

Last time I checked not a single animal, bat or otherwise, in the area of the outbreak has been found infected the Ebola virus since the beginning of the outbreak. There is simply no evidence of Ebola having been transmitted from an animal to a human being in West Africa or Central Africa for the 40 years the virus has been known, yet the media runs on and on about 'bush meat' (which is a derogatory term for meat obtained by hunting or trapping), deforestation and other nonsensical theories about how Ebola emerged there.

Coming to the term 'bush meat' when a Westerner hunts deer, ducks or grouse is it called 'bush meat'? This only shows the kind of snide, racist, innuendo towards Africa and really hints an agenda to manufacture an unsubstantiated source of Ebola in the mind of uninformed Westerners.

Shouldn't science be based on hard evidence rather than speculation? Ebola so far has been transmitted from human to human, meaning that a human must be the original source of Ebola. This is what science is supposed to mean, based on facts and evidence. So it raises the question who is patient zero, and how and where did they get and infected?

Prior to any outbreak the only places where Ebola can be found is in drug manufacturers and other biological laboratories, so why the surprise at conspiracy theories?

Then again there comes another question? Why Africa?

The amount of unexplored Amazonian rainforest is way larger than that in West Africa, why haven't any Ebola style outbreaks occurred there, or in areas like Indonesia, New Guinea and Malaysia?

Claims which cause people to avoid sources of treatment are not helpful in these circumstances, but with so called foreign assistance being the source of cholera in Haiti, which should anyone be surprised at conspiracy theories?
Nice, thank you. I've been looking for exactly this---SQS and DynamoDB seem like a good combination.
I love this description of quantum. The paper Aaronson links to, "Quantum Theory from Five Reasonable Axioms" (http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0101012), is also a great read.

The "probability in L^2" cleared up a lot of confusion for me, although I still have a very poor intuition for what the Born probabilities are probabilities of. If you believe the MWI story, it seems like it's the probability you will "find yourself in the universe where this outcome happened" but even that sounds odd to me.
The Copenhagen interpretation is no longer dominant among physicists, but I wouldn't say it's widely agreed that QM is "fundamental to reality", at least not in a strong philosophical sense of that phrase. Plenty hold a position along the lines of: QM is a mathematical model that agrees with experiment, so far.
Take a look at Amazon Redshift (I don't know if you have a higher time budget or a higher dollar budget for what you're building, but Redshift might turn out to be pretty cost-effective when you add in system upkeep as well). It scales well.
good luck sharding postgres - idiots
The author probably has no experience with modern physics education. He probably met somebody who learned these things 50 years ago and keeps repeating this unfounded notion.
Why Cooking Sucks
Lots of posts: https://hn.algolia.com/?q=ibm+brain+chip#!/story/sort_by_dat...

Significant recent discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8149198
How to see your iOS8 health data
Steve Jobs on the iPod as a satellite device in 2003
Who else would I mean?

Steve Jobs was a jerk, yes. It does not follow from this that Apple as a whole will necessarily lie about damage reports.
Cloudflare to give SSL for free to all customers
The most awful ethical decisions in the Tuskegee syphilis study - repeatedly withholding a treatment that was by then known to be both effective and lifesaving and preventing the patients from accessing treatment programs that offered it - all happened after the actions of the Nazis were widely known and abhorred. The study continued for decades after the Nazis were defeated and we'd supposedly learned from the horrors they committed.
With regards to the index - did they consider a partial index on (queue, date_sent, consumed = false) ? So that already-consumed messages aren't in the index.
bored, bored, bored....good luck trying to shard postgres! idiots
The "hint" they refer to in the post is that the first letter of every paragraph spells, "SSL TLS FREE".
Ah that makes a lot of sense!
Jack Ma Says: If You’re Poor at 35, You Deserve It
Yes, I was hoping for this as well, and yes, taking it in small steps is probably the right approach.

Alas, the steps Swift is taking all seem to be going in the opposite direction: more compile-time, more strictness, less dynamicism. As has been written before: Swift is not a better Objective-C, it is a better C++.

I really hope I am wrong about this, but given the current direction, the expressed philosophy and values as well as the predilections of the people involved, I don't see the direction changing from the initial vector.
If you're hyper-growth, the needs of your startup will outgrow your team of 1-3 very quickly. You and your small team will get overwhelmed by either your infrastructure (servers melting down under load), customer support, or user acquisition costs.

The only way to keep up is to spend money addressing each of these areas. Unfortunately, hyper growth startups are rarely hyper-revenue startups so the money's gotta come from elsewhere. For at least a few years, you'll be outspending any incoming revenue to keep the growth engine going.

If you want to keep more equity then the best choice is to focus on sustainable growth. Take on customers only when you have the revenue to support them and make sure you monetize your growth very early. This is a perfectly acceptable strategy. Until a hyper-growth startup shows up as a competitor and is willing to burn investor cash to move 10x faster than you and doesn't need to worry about monetization strategies for a few years.
I use MongoDB for everything. Its web scale.
> First of all, thanks for linking to uselessd.

No problem :) I'm looking forward to seeing how it turns out!

> That said, I have a little caveat for #9.

My reason for including this fallacy was that I've seen it argued by well-meaning people on multiple occasions. I take you point, though, and will clarify this.
Man, how did the government investigate murders before universal surveillance? Obviously if they can't spy on our cell phones, the murder rate will increase dramatically!
I'm not saying the team doesn't have its own mission, I was pondering how things like the Cube, which is being promoted within the Microsoft brand, fits into their corporate strategy. Its a valid question to ask when its clear they won't consider this project a source of revenue generation in any future timeline.
The author of the post might just be familiar with typical American freshman "physics for non-physics majors" classes, rather than regular physics curricula for majors. The general freshman science courses often do have a heavy historical aspect to them. But that's in part because that's a sub-goal of the general-ed part of the science curriculum: to teach basic history of science as well as some basic science.
I think it's possible that the controls used for automobiles suffer from grognard capture: experienced drivers don't want anything to change.
Funding resembles variations on hill climbing algorithms. It converges on the sharpest gradients in promising outcomes.
Out of interest, what do you think the benefits of such a system would be? I'm concerned that it would only add complexity.

For my part I plan to hide the queue processing in a central app (we're all SOA), so that workers don't need to know anything about databases, serialization formats or AMQP. They would just wait on a socket to get new jobs.
You can use PLV8 to do that in javascript on heroku.
So basically ,you're saying that a pubsub system is (obviously) hard to model with a RDBMS,while a job queue is a perfect use case,because jobs have states, for RDBMSs right ?
What Broderick has written is irresponsible and deadly. His bio [1] says he's an Associate Professor with tenure. Firing him for an opinion piece will most likely be a long drawn out process. As with free speech protections, academic freedom has its trade-offs, because there are certainly some dangerous idiots in universities.

[1] http://www.desu.edu/sites/default/files/cbroderick.pdf
Markus Frind was in the right place at the right time. When he launched PlentyOfFish, most dating sites were subscription-based and he came up with an ad-based revenue model. By being free for users when there were no alternatives, he quickly got viral growth.

I'm not sure you could emulate his success today in wake of Tinder and other free mobile dating apps that are venture funded and continue to grow at an exponential rate.
That's fair - the intentions of the no-screens policy are really good, and I hope that students do respond favourably and end up getting more out of their classes because of it.
Actually, with metric units it's pretty easy: 1,000 liters of water are needed to fill a cubic meter of space. That's because in the metric system 1 cubic centimeter is equivalent to 1 milliliter.
Bash bug: apply the unofficial patch now (CVE-2014-6277)
I think DNSSec solves a different problem, one where someone is maliciously tampering with DNS requests.

This is a discussion of what you can do with an ordinary DNS client and server.

More interestingly, there doesn't seem to be much software out there for monitoring DNS requests and spotting anomalies, is anyone aware of software that does this (preferably FOSS)?

Edit: A quick search turns up this, I'll have to try this out. https://isc.sans.edu/diary/A+Poor+Man%27s+DNS+Anomaly+Detect...
That makes it sound as if a modern language sans the baggage of C was not needed. It was.
There is not very much relational about jobs, you just need a good persistence mechanism. Have you seen Gearman (http://gearman.org) ? It is designed explicitly as a job manager.
As I said: it is an uphill battle to make people understand that when this was all built, the idea of a webserver was still just a twinkle in someone's eye :/. To make the statement even more general: the idea that someone would even build a process other than "login" that would accept untrusted data from an unknown random user halfway around the world in the first place, much less pass it to a shell, was not something that really made sense: to run the shell with a custom environment, in the 80s, required control of the parent process, running at the same privilege level (as the same user) as the new shell (unless you ran "su" and went through "login", at which point your environment is reset) meaning if you wanted to run a command you could just do so without trickery. Regardless, thank you for demonstrating this conversational problem in a much more visceral way than I could have alone :(.
try reading the actual discussion when systemd was being proposed to be used by default. It wasn't because "don't have the resources to be contrarian".
I don't know if that necessary corresponds to being highly skilled or not.

But I like being pushed hard in a class - it brings out the best in me. Easy A's just engender boredom and contempt.

I remember once being pushed to enter an athletic competition where the field was not so good. "It'll be an easy win for you" I was told. That made me completely uninterested. I entered one where I was told "You'll be in way over your head." and I was. I came in last - but there was never a more satisfying one to me, because it was my best job ever, and just being on the field with those other excellent competitors was exciting.

An analogy would be just qualifying for the Olympic team, even if you have no hope of getting a gold.
Table groups look rather like hierarchical databases [1], which were the norm before relational databases came along.

Do bear in mind that you'll never get MongoDB-style in-place updates in PostgreSQL, due to MVCC. You may save a round-trip with the entire JSON object once they implement update operators, though.

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical_database_model
A guide to setup test driven workflow for Clojure
Aerial views of Europe taken from a drone
How was this found? Seems like it only be found by the creators...
Condescending yes, but more importantly, entirely wrong.
> students for whom "getting out of here with high grades" is their motivation

What a sad way to live, and I wouldn't hire one of them, either.

I found the course catalog at college to be exciting reading, and was frustrated to be only able to take a small fraction of what was available.

I remember several "aha!" moments where suddenly I understood something that had always baffled me, and felt like I'd been given the keys to the universe.
No, at this point, in 2014, there really isn't any good evidence that MSG consumption is harmful. Of course, if one's knowledge of biochemistry and medical science was restricted to what they read in blog articles on terrible food supplement websites like bodybio.com, they might think otherwise ...
> Mr. Comey said, “What concerns me about this is companies marketing something expressly to allow people to hold themselves beyond the law.”

This is a huge blanket blaming statement. Our intent can be protecting someone's privacy without ever addressing their intent to do harm to another. And, given the propensity of people who don't wish harm on others, I'm totally OK in supporting and pushing for these types of protections in consumer goods.

If anyone has tried to go beyond the law here, it's the NSA.
It's a probability game.

Being a software engineer and working at Google significantly increases your chances of such an offer versus not being one and not working there.
The hard part of distributing work from a central dispatcher is that you wind up with a central controller needing a complete model of the overall system.

I work on a component of the Cloud Foundry PaaS. The current generation works more or less as you describe -- there's a cloud controller backed by a PostgreSQL database. It sends start and stop commands to a pool of execution agents over a messaging bus.

The next generation of that runtime system ("Diego") is actually inverting this control. Execution agents no longer receive instructions to perform tasks or long-running processes. Instead they bid on them in an auction.

The controller is radically simplified and the overall system converges on a satisficing solution for distributing work efficiently (and they ensure it does so with extensive simulations based on the actual code). It's actually more robust because it doesn't rely on heavy efforts to ensure that the controller is always up to date. And it doesn't fall into inconsistent states if the controller vanishes.

Onsi Fakhouri did a brief presentation which is worth watching: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OkmVTFhfLY
Well, it's well known that being able to freely set certain environment variables is a disaster. That any variable regardless of its name should have such an effect is, however, news.

You can talk all you want about unrelated gotchas in shells & security, and that's missing the point.
I always thought that it influenced Pitch Black as well. Especially since it includes the line "So much for your nightfall." near the start.
We used an rdbms for our workflow engine (what you are calling jobs) and it works great. We needed to react to state changes and process workflows within seconds, with dozens of workers executing different jobs in parallel. This is well within the limits of any rdbms.

The workflow system itself took a week or so to build along with a client library and our first actual workflow. Trying to add a messaging system on top for push notification would have been crazy. Polling every second for work in the db works just fine for us. I'm sure we could lower that polling interval arbitrarily lower if we needed (we might never get it as low as RabbitMQ but that is fine).

So if your tps and latency needs fit in an rdbms, I would recommend just operating one system instead of two.
In Debian /bin/sh points to dash too.
Program Provability and the Rule of Technical Greed
Have you studied the evidence he uses to support his claims before calling for his dismissal?

I suppose you don't realize that his being fired will only cause the reasons for his claim to be studied more carefully and even strengthen the case he is making.
Interesting the town had no internet connection.
It would have been installed as a dependency of whatever used it in some obscure way.
What matters is a controlling interest, not raw percentages.

Gates wound up with single percentage points of Microsoft. Around 2010, he and Ballmer owned about 6% combined and were the two largest shareholders [ larger than any of the massive S&P based mutual funds obligated to hold Microsoft shares ]. This allowed them to control the company without worrying about Wall Street because ousting Gates as Chairman or Ballmer as CEO required a significant super-majority of voting shares ( ~56% plus 1).

For what it's worth, Gates and Ballmer also amassed more wealth than the three tech founders you mentioned. In no small part because they took almost no outside investment. This allowed them to maintain control over the timing of the Microsoft IPO [ venture capital funds have lifetimes and thus there is a pressure toward a liquidity event for any company which takes VC funds that Gates and Balmer avoided ].

Good luck.
Ask YC: how much of 120k was left at demo day?
Given the recent talk of being extra careful about burn rates I would like to get an idea of the average burn rate of a YC investment in the run up to demo day so that I can plan for my own YC app. Did you have 50% left, 20%, more investment or broke? Thanks in advance.
if someone followed both of the bots they'd see every one of these messages.
The Homemade (and Terrible) Kurdish Tank Army
Feynman also wrote about negative probability and quantum mechanics: http://cds.cern.ch/record/154856/files/pre-27827.pdf
They always share different images, if reproduced such behaviours could fill a non negligible server disk space.
For this particular maintenance, we're being told that Rackspace will be proceeding with all cells in a region, in parallel. They will not be respecting cell boundaries.
If you like this you should also read Craig Finseth's thesis (http://www.finseth.com/craft/) in which he describes an emacs like editor.
Have you actually tested a net split situation, or a crash, or what it'd take to recover?
Why it's not exploitable without the shellshock-vulnerable bash, you could argue that qmail is not validating the input in accordance with the RFCs. In fact, that's one of the things I said here: http://marc.info/?l=qmail&m=141183309314366&w=2
I don't see how this applies to messaging systems at all.

It's actually harder to implement a real-time messaging system with a database or key/value store than it is to use something like RabbitMQ (messaging) or Beanstalkd (for jobs).
Scott Aaronson teaches at MIT... I'm sure he has some experience with modern physics education.
> I've played with the idea of a hybrid system: Register jobs in Postgres, use RabbitMQ

That is similar to what I've been using at $DAY_JOB for a low volume work queue that really, really needs to function exactly on time and never, ever have an issue. The only difference is I use MariaDB/Galera and dropped the MQ entirely as it could handle the volume easily [its peaks @ 100 r/s for hours ... of course when your only allowed 100 r/s against an API...].

The only reason I did it was because of time-based rate limiting on external APIs where the vendor refuses to increase our bucket size.

Tbh, I'd only consider it for a low volume message queue. If you want something that operates on the master/slave model I'd use Redis as the queue.

https://github.com/resque/resque
https://github.com/blog/542-introducing-resque

If it is good enough for github, its probably good enough for you. ;)
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With regard to the first two of these points, Databases / Persistence and automated REST APIs I fully agree with the problem and I'm working on it pretty hard. My e-mail's in my profile if you want to chat.

However, the nature of writing a good, broad, solution as a third party is you have to capture some senior engineers for long hours, which costs money. And it's not clear to me if there's enough money available, for a third party to build the kind of broad-reaching solution that would be nice to have.
> I would like to get an idea of the average burn rate of a YC investment in the run up to demo day so that I can plan for my own YC app

How would that be helpful your YC application?

The talk about burn rates is for startups that have raised $millions. $hundred-thousands are barely anything when determining burn rates. ($120k is the cost for one engineer)