skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
> Today, functional programming means side-effect-free with a strong type system

Functional programming has always meant the style or paradigm of programming that prefers side-effect-free declarative code that can be modelled in the substitution model; type systems have always been (and remain) orthogonal concerns. A functional language is one that supports the functional paradigm, but it has never been most commonly used for languages that exclusively support that paradigm. Pure functional code is the term that has been used for code that is exclusively in that style, and pure functional language is the term that is generally used for a language that has exclusive support for that style.
Interesting, I managed to jump around and launch myself into the heavens, fumble through a maze which shot me flying to a pyramid... then appeared to glitch as I kept flying into the heavens.
> Basically, lambdas are syntactic sugar, designed to reduce a lot of the work required in creating ad-hoc functor classes.

Abstraction inversion. Lambda is a much simpler idea than all this C++ stuff used to explain it. Languages should have lambda first, and bullshit like "functor classes" second, if at all.
I completely agree. For every successful indie game developer there are at least 10 who have either quit part-way or failed to make any money.
Rail fares: Britain vs. rest of Europe
Translating, with some minimal explanation:

name :: constraints_for_type => type_of_name

says "Thing named 'name' has type 'type_of_name' with constraints 'constraints_for_type'"

So,

minBound :: Bounded a => a
maxBound :: Bounded a => a

"minBound has type 'a' for any 'a', so long as 'a' is an instance of Bounded"

These two are more values than functions, but the polymorphism happens the same way. If you use them where some particular bounded type is expected, that's the type they evaluate to. If you use them where an unbounded type is expected, you'll get a compile error.

----

toEnum :: Enum a => Int -> a

"toEnum has type 'Int -> a' (that is, a function from 'Int' to 'a') for any type 'a', provided that 'a' is an instance of Enum"

i.e., Convert an int to the Enum type that the context is asking for.

----

fromIntegral :: (Integral a, Num b) => a -> b

"fromIntegral has type 'a -> b' (that is, a function from 'a' to 'b') for any types 'a' and 'b' where 'a' is an integral type and 'b' is a numeric type"

The tuple syntax just means that all these constraints need to apply. I'm not actually certain why the syntax requires it.

----

read :: Read a => String -> a

"read has type 'String -> a' for any type 'a', provided that 'a' is an instance of Read"

----

mempty :: Monoid m => m

"mempty has type 'm' for any type 'm' (different letter is just stylistic - m for monoid), provided that 'm' is an instance of Monoid"

This is particularly interesting when you start doing polymorphic things with fold and friends.

----

return :: Monad m => a -> m a

"return has type 'a -> m a', so long as 'm' is a Monad"

Here we see a "higher-kinded type" - m is a function at the type level that takes a type argument and produces another type, like a C++ template.

e.g. List parameterized by Integer gives us a List of Integers (List is spelled [] in Haskell)

----

mconcat :: Monoid m => [m] -> m

"mconcat is a function from any 'list of m' to a single 'm', provided 'm' is an instance of Monoid"

mconcat = foldr mappend mempty

"we define mconcat to be the right fold of mappend over the list, using mempty as our initial value"
Show HN: Open Source iOS SpriteKit Game
Categorically wrong.

Winning in games is worth billions of dollars - King, SuperCell, Rovio, EA, Zynga etc. Almost nobody reaches this level however there's many levels of success between bankrupt and billions where the good enough can survive to try again.

Exactly like startups and businesses in general.
> Now you can earn a degree in data science from anywhere in the world.

Yet they ask for a US college GPA to even get to the form? Little confused. Is that information used to determine your eligibility and why is there no "no clue" option? A GPA is a very US-centric thing.
Whoa, I have a lot of friends traveling in Europe right now.
That's a very precise definition of the class of functional languages. Unfortunately in the real world the definition tends to be much more varied. ;)
Everyone here is hoping their favorite language feature will added to Java 9, Python 3, C++14, Javascript, etc. Whatever feature that is, Lisp programmers would add it with a macro and move on. There is no central governing body deciding what I can or can't do with the language syntax. That's why macros are useful.
Have you tried to sleep with earplugs on? Do you still wke up tired then? Also, I think the environment can have a much deeper impact on our health than most doctors like to admit. You could also wake up feeling tired as a result of changes in air quality (chemicals, mold, spores, wall paint, even furniture materials apparently).

Here's an interesting collection of reads:

http://readpiles.com/pile/Environmental-Illnesses,-Chemical-...
That sounds like a great idea! About the registration though, it's just linking your google account (which is not mentioned at all, I realise) - so basically two clicks.

I love doodle, and I wish there was a way to create polls there as well!
The two rings in the middle are from OpsCenter, the admin UI that they provide. The lights on the outside are from the LED on the Pis I believe.

If you hit the button, I believe one of the rings would turn red but the cluster would still be able to function.
Are there any studies that show the advantages of open space offices? I loathe them so much, constant distractions with people on the phone, clickyty clacks of tens of keyboards, people laughing & talking loudly etc. etc.

How do people think that this open environment can be conducive to productivity? It just blows my mind. We see such studies all the time about silence, yet most companies (especially in the Bay Area) are moving towards the open space layout. Are they just incapable of rationally thinking about this and doing it just because it's the new and cool thing in town and others are doing it?

I always end up being the most productive during holiday season (I wish our company gave us the option to work from home).
Google’s self-driving cars still need controls says DMV
I ran a facility for a company that was a wholesaler/reclaimer of CFCs (reclaiming is just pulling gas out of cooling systems that are being disassembled or repaired). We'd buy tanks of dirty refrigerant from HVAC companies, clean it up and resell it.

At the time R-12 was the big money, R22 was cheap as dirt but starting to phase out. The company fell apart/was bought out, but not before the firing (and arrest?) of one VP, multiple allegations of trade violations, and the seizing of a substantial amount of refrigerant.

Our distribution center was packed up and shipped back to TX, and I never really followed along with what ended up happening. This was about 15 years ago, my memory is a little fuzzy.

BUT, a few things have stuck with me...

We used to get containers of 30lb cylinders of banned refrigerants (mostly R12, but also R22 and less common CFCs) from China. The BOL and packages themselves stated it was reclaimed refrigerant, which was legal to buy/sell. No idea of it was legal to import/export, but purchasing was done at corporate headquarters and not something I was ever involved with.

Anyway, part of my job was overseeing the testing/categorization of reclaimed CFCs. We had a pretty decent little lab we'd use to determine which CFCs were reclaimed, purity, oil content, water content... etc.

Part of our company's pitch was that we could make reclaimed refrigerants identical to newly synthesized product ('revirginate') using some advanced distillation and filtration processes. While possible, at the time there was nobody doing true 100% purification of reclaimed products at scale. It was simply too expensive. ALL of the 'revirginated' CFCs had detectable levels of impurities, and we'd frequently do tests with our fancy gas chromatography system for QC. It was close enough that functionality was fine and it was cheaper than virgin gas, so buyers didn't care.

But the reclaimed gas that came from China -- guess what impurities/contaminants we found in the Chinese cylinders? Yup... nothing. Remember, this is late 90s/early 00s, and our company was (supposedly) an industry leader using some pretty sophisticated purification techniques. I never bought into the idea that the Chinese product was reclaimed.

I could be wrong, perhaps they had better technology, but the reclamation dates were VERY clearly after production was supposed to have ended and I find it hard to imagine they were returning product that was indiscernible from virgin product.

I'd be surprised if some enterprising companies in China aren't still making huge amounts of the stuff. It can't all be coming from old systems (it's worth so much money reclaimed) and asthma inhalers.
A simple chat functionality within the app would be nice...
Apple knows. Look at the security content of iOS 7.1.

http://support.apple.com/kb/HT6162

I reported CVE-2013-6835. They fixed Facetime-Audio from Safari, but not from other browsers (yet?). This is quite a wide issue. I do not think letting every individual developer know is feasible. I did it for a few bad issues, but there's a limit to what can be done.

And a lot of these can be found in a matter of minutes anyways.
Hah nice you got past the maze... the flying bit is actually quite long (you fly for > 1 minute) ... there's a very trippy bit in the flying audio that I wanted to reach, where it mellows out quickly and drops a beat (that's when you also drop...)
No ways. I exercise a lot. I run three times a week, sometimes up to 7 miles each run. I also do lots of weights. Exercising has never helped me to stay asleep. My wife is the same way too. And she exercises just as much as I do. A lot of people I know with similar sleeping problems to this have also said exercise hasn't helped them out.
Url changed from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/biology-student-fa..., which points to this.
I disagree that it's not Apple's fault. This is a violation of the "principle of least surprise." When I drop a web view into my app I am not expecting web pages to be able to do much other than just be web pages. I'm certainly not expecting them to be able to dial the phone without prompting.
While tel:// URLs open the Phone app without any prompt, there's also a telprompt:// scheme which opens the Phone app with a prompt. As an app developer, would you ever want to use the latter scheme instead of the former? Turns out, yes, you would.

The advantage that you get with telprompt:// is that, once the call finishes, the user comes right back into the app that initiated the call. With tel:// that is not the case.
It would have been nice to see some actual details of how it works so that it can be compared to the competition.
>I loathe capitalism because it's noisy in all kinds of ways.

If communism is less noisy, it's because the state has forcibly silenced people. You can't hear them because they have a gun to their head. Don't forget that.
Yeah I understand how it was meant. But it's completely useless to use a mathematical/physical term with a very well defined meaning which does not apply in that context. It would have been better to use "complexity" instead. I feel "entropy" was only used for link bait reasons.
If you love what you do, it's not work.
Does anyone know how this compares to AWS DynamoDB[1] ?

[1] https://aws.amazon.com/dynamodb/
I'd recommend looking at the docs on Flux, it explains it all better than I could.
Some people like making web applications. Some people like making game applications.
Some people work better in those circumstances, believe it or not. I personally don't, but others do - they thrive on being in the midst of activity, are stimulated by it. Both types should be accommodated, I'd say, but it's hard to justify giving someone an office just because they prefer to be alone. Luckily working from home is an option, though, as you point out, not for everyone just yet.

Strangely enough, I actually read very well when at a crowded bar. The background music and conversation, even if it's loud, sort of makes my brain focus on the book at hand, and I'm able to concentrate on it as well or better than I might have in a library reading room. Plus, you know, beer.
This pretty neat. More useful to seeing who is where than the timeline.
I think one is probably better off with earning a masters in statistics. This just seems like another way for Berkeley to sell another expensive degree with little supporting evidence that it will land jobs.
A Meta-Law to Rule Them All: Physicists Devise a “Theory of Everything”
Not necessarily low-end, but some people want to work so badly on video games that they accept these conditions.

Because enough programmers accepts them, there's no need to pay them more/give them decent conditions.
In the author's first letter to Christopher Knight, he told him that he was a journalist
Bloomberg Labs
Roman Aqueduct
Jorge - I'm super biased as the CrowdFlower CEO but we work really hard to make sure everyone gets paid and all disputes are resolved. We have a team of four full time people that do nothing but handle community support tickets and we've paid out many millions of dollars mostly without issues. We moved off of Mechanical Turk a few years ago because it was hard to give workers a consistently good experience there. You can see the twitter stream from our contributors and most of the comments are positive https://twitter.com/search?q=cfcomm&src=typd

We are definitely more expensive than turk, although we have big discounts for small startups that makes us comparable.
Warning: It appears the src tarball extracts into your current dir, not an (eg) ./julia subdirectory.
Sure, it's not the same position. Smartphones are getting cheaper. But how much do you spend on smartphones? The main argument is about things like housing and education, which don't seem to be getting cheaper.
I bought my Nexus 7 first gen the week it came out and I don't regret it. There are so many apps that smartphones can use but it's just so much better to use on a tablet.

I mainly use it as something that I can just leave it on the car because its cheap, Nexus 7s are less than $200 right now, and it's ultra portable, I just throw it in my backpack and forget about it until I need it, next to my portable battery charger in case I ever do need it.

The two main differences between a smartphone and a tablet are Battery life and screen size. Some of the functions that are both battery intensive and need a bigger screen are using it as a gps, reading, and browsing. When I'm traveling and I constantly need to know where I am and where I need to go. When I'm on a 14 hr flight, I like to read my books or catch up on HN It's also just an ultra portable, longer lasting laptop. And I also play minecraft on it, and they're working on servers that I can connect to when I'm on my tablet or my computer.

As for a virtual whiteboard, I use evernote, as it has that function, but I haven't really found an app that I really like as a whiteboard.
(speaking for myself only): I find the ?: syntax clearer... probably because I've known it for so many years. It's the doing several things at once that, for me, makes it unclear.

Of your examples, I find the very last one the clearest. Arguably, it's a hack, because it assigns values twice to x - but it feels like the syntax embodies the semantic truth of y==0 being an exception. A pattern matching solution (with a specific and then a general rule) would also embody this, but to me, having the general rule first, with a following exception, seems more intuitive.

Disclaimer: "intuitive" is all very subjective, and it's certainly possible that with experience, my intuition could change. But for better or worse, the above is my opinion today!

PS: I do think your first example is cool, neat and clever. I understand and feel that aspect of the appeal.
The page has an icon that says "Hacker safe" but doesn't even use SSL when transmitting your information.
Semi-related: I use favorites to "bookmark" tweeted links I want to read later ... is there any tool to turn the links in my favorites into a feed or put them into my Flipboard?

If not, I'll "seed invest" $25 to someone who builds it.
Beatings and muggings targeting gays, primarily. Been more than a few.
When you're sitting at a red light for several minutes at one in the morning with no cars visible for miles, it doesn't take a traffic engineer to realize that intersection is not working optimally.
I wish I'd had this each and every time I've moved. It would have been helpful to know where my friends are living. What a cool map!
Tumblr will start scanning your photo soon
I appreciate this point of view. My perspective is absolutely that types are just one form of analysis and I don't mean to suggest that they should edge out others.

On the other hand, I think there genuinely is a kind of universality to types which cause them to (a) be as popular as they are and (b) apply in many (if not most, if not all) domains.

The essential core of this is that types/logic/category theory seem to be making significant headway at paving a new foundation of mathematics via MLTT/intuitionism/CT. These are dramatically general frameworks for creating structures and theories and providing a space for them to "hang together" in the obviously correct ways.

The generality and breadth of such a program is unbelievable! I won't try to convince anyone of its universality if they don't want to accept it—but I will suggest that the richness of MLTT/Intuitionism/Category Theory is sufficient to "probably" capture what you're interested in.

The cost is usually complexity. You could, for instance, "type" someone as their total genetic code. You could even type them as the union of every cell and the genetic code active in that cell. This is obviously incredibly, perhaps uselessly complex. But it's a great start. Then if you have quotients (which nobody has quite built into a type theory yet) you just start cutting down that complexity until you end up with whatever level of granularity you decide is correct.
Great idea! I like the simplicity. This will be nice to connect with fellow travelers and rekindle friendships while traveling.
I know, it's so close they could probably just put a guy with binoculars on the roof and have him yell "HEY" when someone's being shady.
First link on the page: "introduction to DocumentDB".

http://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/articles/docu...
Maybe they just mean you can earn your credits from anywhere in the world, not that anyone in the world can apply.
Android Fragmentation Visualized (August 2014)
Microsoft expected to unveil Windows 9 “Threshold” on September 30
but why are they doing this?
"But two years later, in 2013, he was notified that the author of the thesis was suing him for violating copyright laws."

I'm assuming this means the author of the thesis would like not to be cited in any future research. Unfortunately,

"He says he does not want to 'put pressure on this person'. 'My lawyer has tried unsuccessfully to establish contacts with the complainant: I am open to negotiate and get to an agreement to move this issue out of the criminal trial,' he told Nature."
Love my iPad. I use it at home exclusively. But I've found that my tablet is limited to only consumption. I can't stand coding or writing on it and really only use it for internet browsing and book reading.
For 4 if i run from the command line (racket 5.93) i just get the contract violation message, which don't provide positional informations, it's not usefull when you have a list contract error with dozen of uses in a file.

For 3 i mean the words like 'visiting', 'instantiated', the phases, the syntax transformer there are many things to grasp. For instance i used to believe that phase 1 bindings where the functions executed by the expander instead of the one defined by define-syntax.

For complex macro i just expand it that's fine.

Other point the continuation is hard to grasp, i really understand when i see http://www.infoq.com/presentations/continuations-web-os, the key point that help me is the fact he mentions continuation capture also the exit.

Another flaws i didn't mention is messages of typed/racket could be hard to understand especially one involving parametric function, this problem occur time to time in the mailing list. I know you take this kind of problems seriously.

A point why i like racket is because it's lexical scoped but also let me precise the portion i want more dynamism in with parameters or with eval + namespace.

Racket also miss some tooling the one come in mind is coding standard checker and formater, it could be done with free-identifier=? and have some rules. New macro could write their associated rule as metadata in a submodule. Is it doable, i mean technically not the fact to expect macro writer will write such rules?
Payment card information is a subset of personally identifiable information (PII). Generally when someone talks about payment card information, they mean the information that is necessary to process a payment card:

First and Last Name

Credit Card Number (and/or PIN and/or CVV and/or routing number/account number)
I wish they posted their curriculum somewhere.
If you have to do something else, to pay your rent, you can not do what you love.
Using Location Analytics to Help Target Mobile Ads = More Money
Does the plaintiff not realize that if this gets some media/internet traction his paper will be available everywhere.
Lambdas are not particularly complicated, but the way to make them simple is to compare to other language's implementation, not other C++ features.
Well, there are proportionally less successes in games because it's crowded. And you're in competition with people happy to make less than minimum wage, so good luck with that.

It's pretty much a rule in business: if you go to the shiny/fun/popular market, you'll have a hundreds of competitors and it will be very hard. If you go to a more "boring" market that competitors ignore, you have a higher chance to get the jackpot.
One big follow up we want to do is to taking a number of hypotheses based on observations, such as yours, and dive into the data to flesh out. More data is needed (patrol patterns, modes of transportation, etc.), but even with analysis of open data I think we can point to enough evidence to merit more work.
Cue the "Prost" engine popping up on GH in a week.
Sounds very similar to CouchDB. Server side Javascript written by the user, and an HTTP interface. The ability to adjust consistency is really neat.
Yeah except the developer doesn't reap the rewards.
I have/had my eye on this one. I spoke to the admission counselor for this program. Apparently, they assign each student one counselor if you join this program. Here are some details:

- 100% online [0] (you do have to visit the campus for a week during the course)

- Total price tag: $60,000 (Yes, pretty steep)

- You can finish in 1-2 years depending on how much you can do

- You must take the GRE or GMAT. No exceptions. I asked them. You also need to apply to this like any regular MS program which means good GPA (3+ min but you must have great work experience etc)

- Here is the curriculum in case you are interested [1]

Overall, I was very interested in this due to the berkeley brand and 100% online offering. But 60K seems too steep to invest and not to mention that I have to take GRE/GMAT. After being in the industry (real world) for 10+ years, I am just not interested in any of these exams. So I am passing. Will look for cheaper options.

Forgot to mention that they are aggressively selling this. The counselor called me like 15 times (literally) before I responded.

[0] http://datascience.berkeley.edu

[1] http://datascience.berkeley.edu/academics/curriculum/