skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Perhaps an easier example is to do this in GHCi:

let x = id id id id id id id id id id id id id id id id id id id id id id id id

See how long that takes (add ids if your machine can take it). To deduce a type for x, ghci will use 2^k type variables, if you have k ids. This is easily seen by induction:

If k = 1, then the type of x is a -> a. This takes 2 = 2^1 = 2^k variables.
If k > 1, it is of the form id f. Let t be the type of f. t has 2^{k - 1} variables, by induction. Thus the outermost id must take something of type t (this is 2^{k - 1} variables) and produce something of that same type t (this is another 2^{k - 1} variables), that is, it's of type t -> t. 2^{k - 1} + 2^{k - 1} = 2^k.

Note that this information is purely at compile time. Haskell isn't typed at runtime, this is all just to check types. At runtime, x is a no-op, as expected.
Thanks! The goal was readability and ease of use, so that's probably why it's slow :P

Not sure I understand. What would it do differently?

Edit: Hang on, so I should generate C or asm? or something?
If this debate interests you and you want to learn more about it, you should get in touch with me. Check my profile for my email address; http://contextmatters.com is the company I work for and here was a post our analysts wrote about Sovaldi: http://www.contextmatters.com/sticker-shock-in-drug-pricing-...

We're systematically collecting data on this exact conundrum - how much is a treatment that was, until recently, infinitely expensive worth? there's a whole lot of room for smart people to make a difference.
Does someone have the expertise to set up a Synology OS or DDWRT as some type of virtual machine, run it as a honeypot, and do daily/hourly high-level tests for compromise?
Yep, it was mentioned that they do it with 75% accuracy. That's too big of an error margin for it to be used in production.
Bravo for stepping into government and I wish you the best of luck. Dealing with the bureaucracy is always painful. After a decade in the Navy, I always thought that talented programmers could do so much for the service, but the current system wasn’t designed for them. Just take some of the people making it into Nuke School, move them to a programming pipeline, and form teams to attach to commands to help automate processes, create new processes if applicable, and help with SaaS procurements. Give the teams their own command structure and embed them in a manner similar to JAGs and Docs. Switch IT to DevOps.

Unfortunately, the current software procurement process is totally broken. It is the waterfall to end-all waterfalls. Most of the militaries ‘high tech’ is at least a decade old when it becomes operational. I remember in 2005, using a memory device the size of a brick (it’s nickname) with something like 256kb of memory. It could hold a total of 64 lat-long points. The upgrade to a card holding megabytes was still far behind a cheap thumb drive. Using an IPAD is so much better that the military started to okay flights with them.

Sadly, the military contracting process is so bad that they trap themselves with providers (HP) that border on treasonous behavior. I exaggerate, but when you make a profit off of the military and provide essentially crap, you walk a fine line.[1] Fixing this process from the top will require some serious changes and I wish I new what they were.

http://www.wired.com/2010/08/hp-holds-navy-network-hostage/
Computer Programming is a Trade
You will be a bit hosed pursuing a CS degree on Windows. People do it, you can make it work, but you'll be constantly fighting to get your system to do useful things.
I believe he does read Russian, and poke around a few of his articles, he does sometimes provide links to the shady but still public sites he gets his information from.
Thinkpads retain value quite well. It's probably more accurate to say that you pay for what you get. Quality, non-Apple hardware are pricey as well.
Yep, I’ve actually never seen it without retina display.
I just rented an Enfield 500 off another company to ride from Delhi for two weeks. While they were polite and friendly, the level of professionalism on their site and systems left a lot to be desired. I emailed to check everything was set for a few months from now and the reply was: "you're picking it up in Goa tomorrow right?"

I'm assured things are organized now but its still a little nerve wracking. I know lots of people that would love to be able to reliably rent bikes in India and have often thought about doing what you have done. Your interface looks very professional and gives confidence to the user.

I live in Mumbai, do you have thoughts on expansion?
Brian Krebs is said to have learned Russian http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2014/07/08/329838...

His translations have been spot on (even capturing nuance of language online), ie: http://krebsonsecurity.com/2013/07/mail-from-the-velvet-cybe...

He very often also links to those sites that he investigates.
Most of the country roads I cycle along (even the ones shown in the video) have enough curves that by the time this device detects a car you would be able to hear it.

Even then I'm not really sure what the point of this device is. If a car comes speeding up behind you what you are supposed to do? Pull over and stop? Drive on the edge and get covered in mud?
An in-depth look at the Java 8 Stream API
The teleology of Internet congestion control [pdf]
The error condition is represented by Nothing ("None" in OCaml?) and the rest of the code only runs if it was Just ("Some" in OCaml?).
Fascinating behavior. Since this is an edge, would it ever occur in human-written code? Could there be a situation where a computer would end up generating such code?
Are the github repos intended to collect errata? Do you know of a database which has metadata for all the Gutenberg books?
In fact the whole turn your iphone into microscope is a growing area of interest for bio-hackers.

This one seems to be similar to what was done at the hackathon. Would definitely try it one of these days.

http://kottke.org/13/10/turn-your-iphone-into-a-microscope

http://www.instructables.com/id/10-Smartphone-to-digital-mic...
When was this? ARM historically has abysmal memory systems, but there have been significant improvements over the past few years (I don't know that they've caught up, but they are in a different league from about 5 years ago or so).
> Drugs get developed because Americans will pay for them, then when the cost is mostly recouped (ie. a decade later), it finally becomes available in Europe.

Does anyone have any reputable cites for this please?
"Coffee shop owners hate him."
> http://vimeo.com/99038775

Finally the video with some info.

But does it log the info? Is the log available and verifiable?

If the car still hits you, could you make a persuasive argument about the information you had available to you? Could you argue the vehicles speed, and that you thought the vehicle threatening?

You're given some info that may affect your riding behaviour. It seems to me this info needs to be available when the day comes that someone using this is in court trying to obtain damages from a driver that has hit them.

If the info is not available or verifiable (inc' source code for the radar), then I personally think it's better to not have this device and spend the money on brighter lights to begin with.
> , turn off "EZ-Internet" and other DynDNS-like services, make sure
> it's connected to your router and not directly to the Internet,
> don't forward any ports, don't enable DMZ or similar functionality on
> your router,

Best practices only if you do not want to access your data outside of your local network – and that is probably no longer the standard case since data you cannot access from mobile devices etc. is pretty useless. And for compliance and security reasons, many users and companies cannot legally use cloud services and have to therefore to use a 'private cloud', i.e., some local server, for example a NAS accessible from the Internet. A manual configuration is of course recommendable but in the end, a 'private cloud' has to be exposed to the Internet and you have to trust your software vendor. The most you can usually do is to protect your LAN by putting your 'private cloud' in a DMZ (although for consumers, that is usually not an option since consumer routers do not offer a real DMZ).
FTA:
"Suppose that we reject the actual infinite. But we allow a process that goes on forever. "

Er... some infinities are more equal than others?
It seems more likely that they have to leave to go to college, or that they are more likely to take occupations that require them to move.
Everything to Know about 500 Startups Demo Day
Interesting design indeed. I tend to prefer games that are like books, leaving your imagination filling the gaps instead of providing overwhelming details.
Am I the only one who prefers to work in public libraries? The San Mateo library has plenty of seating/power outlets, a respectable cafe, and free underground parking.
You're thinking of Opencourseware, which is a different project that launched in 2002. Totally unrelated.
Yup, that's basically right.

We also have implemented a "real-time" aspect whereby the price can also fluctuate based on the number of users currently viewing/purchasing an item vs. the average number of users usually viewing the item (for example when Outside Lands begins selling their tickets at 10am PST). Other factors taken into consideration (as of now, but more to come) are: inventory_remaining, and profit_margin (i.e. how much you make on each sale).
This is an inaccurate generalization. The NHS does that to some extent, but (for example) neither France nor Germany do it. In fact, access to anticancer drugs in France is pretty exemplary [1, 2].

Countries that ensure universal access to approved drugs generally keep costs down by the negotiation power of a government-backed monopsony combined with the threat of compulsory licensing should demands be excessive (rarely exercised, but the fate of BRCA1/BRCA2 tests in France is an example).

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_yF69KVbUaQ&t=4m11s

[2] http://blogs.reuters.com/anya-schiffrin/2014/02/12/the-frenc...
How is that relevant to an article about a short course of treatment that cures people of a life long disease?
Can you explain the actual difficulties?

In particular, do you question whether the quality of the image would be high enough, or whether the ML techniques can automate what a lab tech does while looking through a lens, or is the problem that seeing blood is not enough to diagnose much of anything with any certainty?

"Reliable rate" is relative, and something that I've found lacking in modern medical care in the US even when it's a dude in a lab coat looking at samples through a state of the art microscope...
Actually the FBI and the NSA 'handle' such crimes, they commit them themselves as we all know thanks to Edward Snowden …

Some examples: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSA_ANT_catalog

(We can of course pretend that they will go only after the bad guys and we have nothing to fear, maybe the only way to stay sane?!)
> incurs an extra penalty of 1 byte per instruction, for the REX prefix.

Any hope to see a Thumb mode for x86-64?
Sweet.

I've had a little awk routine that I wrote some years back that does much of this -- it computes (or tabulates) n, sum, min, max, mean, median, standard deviation, and percentiles of the input data series. For generating quick stats, it's quite useful.

I'm looking forward to datamash turning up in my Debian repos.
"Everybody in this room is wearing a uniform. Don't kid yourself." - Frank Zappa to a bunch of (apparently?) British hippies on "Burnt Weeny Sandwich" some time before or during 1970.
That's very interesting! This seems to me like it might be a different kind of edge case though, since the type of x is still t -> t, even if it takes a long time for the type checker to arrive at this. From the little I got out of Mairson's paper, it seems that the proof he uses depends on the exponential size of the type itself, but I could be mistaken... either way I wonder how they're related?
It was fun participating. YC Hacks was my 141st hackathon I've attended and the 111th I've competed in. We didn't win this (can't win them all), but we had a lot of fun. I can't wait until the next one. It was generally well ran for a first hackathon.

What I'm happy to see is that technically novel hacks won and not just hacks that are viable business ideas. (A javascript framework won a spot!)

Being a YC ran hackathon I wasn't sure what to expect. Far too many hackathons have turned into not being about doing something fun and technically impressive but rather mini-investment pitch sessions. There is a place for that but it's quickly becoming a bit silly. I love hackathons where you are judged by peers for the clever technical creations you create. I don't like hackathons where you are judged by sponsors, mostly for using their APIs (it's great to have sponsor prizes but that shouldn't be the reason for a hackathon in many cases).

One thing that got me was the amount of press around this hackathon. The outside world was watching it and you could feel it. It don't think anyone cared internally though that was hacking. It was just as relaxed as any other hackathon I've attended.

My wish list YC Hack next year:

- make it 48 hours (24 hours is almost too short and any longer than 48 is too much in my experience)

- less distractions (too many announcements. it was good at night though, but the music, while good, was too loud to speak to my teammates at points)

- do mini/fast pitches instead of floor demos. we were assigned a table outside and not many people came out there in the hot sun to see our hack. part of the fun of making something in the weekend is showing it off.

- keep it about this size. don't grow it. the lottery and pre-submission was the right idea. if you have to many projects, it gets hard to demo and goes on for hours (See TC Disrupt). The quality of apps was super high here because of the pre-application process.

Everything was amazing though. I would say it's in the top 10 hackathons I've attended of the 141.

Thanks most of all to Kat for organizing this thing. It was awesome.
Maybe a ZyWall? The problem with more advanced routers is that they are a pain to set up and that you will most likely use features in comparison to a consumer router.
Why I’m Leaving Google After Only 9 Months
Thanks, that's very flattering as I've been a long time fan of your blog!
My favorite Synology vulnerability from the linked list:

'The OpenVPN module in Synology DiskStation Manager (DSM) 4.3-3810 update 1 has a hardcoded root password of synopass, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access via a VPN session.'

http://www.cvedetails.com/cve/CVE-2014-2264/
Likewise. Wanted to add hackerspace Metrix:Create Space in Capitol Hill (WA) but even if I used a throwaway it wants me to validate my address. I can't possibly see the reason for this.
Hey there, please refer to the LinkedIn job ad: http://au.linkedin.com/jobs2/view/17553466
I have a dumb question: How are they using ZFS on these? I thought ZFS was incompatible with GPL, which was a stumbling block for implementing it in linux. Don't tell me they're using FUSE.

Or do these NAS machines all run some BSD variant?
I did this for some time while unemployed but the public libraries here (Seattle) have absolutely awful Internet access. Probably due to the large number of transient people watching... videos.
SEEKING WORK - London UK, Remote Yes

Full stack, but specializing in Design & Frontend. Have a good eye for design, so you don't need to hire a designer.

Frontend:

* jQuery, underscore, Backbone, Knockout (can be brought up to speed with ng & others)

* HTML5, CSS3, Sass, Less

* Gulp, Grunt

* Dart (props if you're using this)

Backend:

* Python (Pyramid, Flask), PHP, Node

* MySQL, RESTful APIs

* Git, Ubuntu, nginx

Resume: http://izolate.net/resume.pdf
Doge#, a .NET programming language for Doge fans
It is silly, but it's also very common.

Find photographs of factory workers in blue overalls and ask if that's the image he's going for.

http://news.softpedia.com/images/news2/Foxconn-and-Apple-Fin...
Indeed it won't. Microscopy is hardly the bottleneck in hematology; and neither is cell counting, which is already carried on by automated analyzers for the most part anyway [1,2]. The problem is the need of differential staining: due to fundamental physical limits, no amount of machine learning can ever distinguish key hematocytes like lymphocytes from granulocytes in raw, unstained samples from microphotographs alone. So unless you use spectroscopy --and there's been some work done on that, eg [3,4]--, you need to spread, fix and stain your sample, each of which take a series of choreographed steps, reagents and considerable skill in controlled conditions to get (minimally) right [5] --hence the need for a lab.

So unless they attached a USB microspectrometer to the iPod, or streamlined the existing sample preparation process in a low-cost, fully-portable form; they are just solving the wrong problem.

[1] http://www.mlo-online.com/articles/201401/automation-in-hema...

[2] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18550479

[3] http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?uri=FiO-2008-FWD5

[4] http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/meeting_abstra...

[5] http://mmserver.cjp.com/gems/blood/lh.6.1.houwen.pdf
In the article's slideshow there are a bunch of interesting pictures. The very last picture looks to be a box full of Lego blocks? What did that component of the solution do? :)
It's unlikely to occur as the type is exponential in size and thus quite unwieldy to do anything with! I haven't worked with generated ML or Haskell code, but I still think it's unlikely to be an issue in "real" code.
Can't We Just Get Along: The Spurious NoSQL Battle
My own coffee is still a commute away but pbiggar reminded me of some similar comments from yourself

600 LTV - but don't spend more than 1/3 on acquisition (200)

Assuming 4% trial to cust conversion we need 25 trials to get one customer. At 4 USD per trial that's 100USD

Assuming 1% click to trial conversion we need 2500 clicks to get 25 trials. That's expensive. So we need much better click to trial conversions. Assuming 1USD per click we need a 25% click to trial conversion.

I think it feels more likely to swap those rates around (4% click to trial, 25% trial to customer) but whatever my intuition is still waaaay out.

But either way it surprises me how tight 200 USD customer acquisition is. It sounds pretty close to the steak dinner high touch sales you mention (I can think of some very nice places in London to lunch a client for 200 bucks) but in reality it's eaten away by conversion rates far far faster than my intuition allows.

Thank you - whatever the "real" figures are working this through helps align my intuition with Mother Nature and if you had not put the numbers up I would not have worked it through - and when my billion dollar SaaS launches I would not have had the right intuition - which is the whole point of the exercise !

I miss excel :-)
This (http://nickgravgaard.com/elastictabstops/) is smart tab handling. All other editor aren't that great, compared to this.
I have strong opinions about this. I think the skills needed to maintain a "digital archive" are actually fairly advanced. For example, my cousin had many photos of their children growing up on an old computer. The computer crashed and, they lost all the photos. I think this is actually a very common story.
It was the Mechanical Turk page showing people buying/selling Stellar
This is impressive, very smooth and responsive. Most importantly, it is open source. I am going to dig through the code like a gold digger. Thanks!
i think this is one of those self-solving problems: if a place is busy enough that they don't want people working there, it's probably too busy to be a good place to work. If it's a good quiet place to work, they're probably grateful for your business.

But of course, don't be a dick. If you're taking over a table for a couple hours you should buy some stuff.
This is a common mistake tons of developers do.

Pro-tip: Escape all user input either when it's going into the system or when it's going back out to be displayed!
Be An Executive Producer For $10k
Using only PUSH and POP I think. i.e a stack machine.

also, OP, your code looks great.
The title's a little misleading, as it suggests that there's something strange or even wrong about the type that OCaml or Haskell infer for the program. Of course the type that these systems infer for the program is correct, and the author does demonstrate an understanding of that. But that a small input to a system can produce a large output should be little surprise to any person that works with complex systems, especially computer systems.

The underlying mechanism that leads to the computational complexity in HM(x) systems--the process of generalizing types to schemas and instantiating schemas to types in order to support let-polymorphism--would make for an interesting discussion, but the author hasn't hit on that yet. Unfortunately, the only people that really understand that part of the algorithm are the people that have implemented the algorithm, and there aren't many of those people around. Strange but true. The algorithm that's taught and implemented in most undergraduate PL courses (PL:AI-based courses included) does not support let-polymorphism. If the author's reading, upgrade to ATTAPL[0] and start implementing.

Also, to answer the question "How to compile Turing machines to ML types", have a look at typo[1] for one way to do it in Haskell (by reducing it to lambda calculus (shameless plug)).

[0]: http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~bcpierce/attapl/

[1]: https://github.com/seliopou/typo
'icpc' (the Intel C++ compiler) has equal performance for both of the test cases, and it did choose to use different registers for each call. But it's not clear if that's by design or by chance. In some ways, that's the boring part. The interesting part (to me) is that both tests are much faster than either version with g++.

Here's icpc 14.0.3 vs g++ 4.8.1 on a Sandy Bridge E5-1620 @ 3.60GHz and a Haswell i7-4770 CPU @ 3.40GHz.

nate@sandybridge:~/tmp$ g++ -O3 -march=native -std=c++11 popcnt-dependency.cpp -o popcnt-dependency
nate@sandybridge:~/tmp$ popcnt-dependency 1
unsigned	41959360000	0.608615 sec	17.2289 GB/s
uint64_t	41959360000	0.82312 sec	12.739 GB/s
nate@sandybridge:~/tmp$ icpc -O3 -march=native -std=c++11 popcnt-dependency.cpp -o popcnt-dependency
nate@sandybridge:~/tmp$ popcnt-dependency 1
unsigned	41959360000	0.182781 sec	57.3679 GB/s
uint64_t	41959360000	0.182638 sec	57.4128 GB/s

nate@haswell:~/tmp$ g++ -O3 -march=native -std=c++11 popcnt-dependency.cpp -o popcnt-dependency
nate@haswell:~/tmp$ popcnt-dependency 1
unsigned	41959360000	0.401225 sec	26.1343 GB/s
uint64_t	41959360000	0.75841 sec	13.826 GB/s
nate@haswell:~/tmp$ icpc -O3 -march=native -std=c++11 popcnt-dependency.cpp -o popcnt-dependency
nate@haswell:~/tmp$ popcnt-dependency 1
unsigned	41959360000	0.0843861 sec	124.259 GB/s
uint64_t	41959360000	0.0842836 sec	124.41 GB/s

That would be incredible if true! But I think it's a bug, since the inner loop looks far too short and doesn't seem to be repeating the popcnt's. I'm not sure yet if it's a problem with the compiler or if the test case is abusing something undefined.
Just an FYI, one person's opinion does not apply to the entire company. Just saying because many people just post such blogs to show that they rejected the might Google.
No offense intended.
Oh interesting. That sounds... complicated.

Thanks! It's my first big C project that isn't hideous :D