skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
You think Erdogan wants an Wahhabist caliphate centered in Bagdad that claims parts of Turkey? Not likely!

I'm trying to imagine what goals they share?

I guess Turkey probably doesn't want an Iranian-dominated Iraq (and nor does ISIS of course!), but Turkey can probably accept that to some degree provided Iraqi Kurdistan remains autonomous and provides a buffer zone. Beyond that I can't see anything they really have in common.
I've implemented express checkout on a few carts I've written. It isn't possible to calculate the shipping cost/method until the user gives at at minimum their zip code and country. So basically the flow of Express Checkout doesn't allow this since that information is sent back once they authorize a charge and return to your site. At that point the customer is prompted with an order confirmation, final total and to select their shipping information. When they click confirm the charge is actually made. Express Checkout is extremely popular on all of the sites I've worked with and is probably quickest payment method people can use. In the 6+ years we've been using it we have not had one single complaint about charging the wrong amount shown on the PayPal confirmation page. Customers understand they must select their shipping method and I would rather not have them enter duplicate information.

I am confused how this "bug" is any different that using something like the payments pro API. Sure your cart page says you'll charge X amount, there is NOTHING keeping you from charging some other arbitrary amount when they press pay.
Maybe the UK and US are the worst offenders. Australia and New Zealand are very much more open, I suppose Canada is too. Outside of the west, I think that for instance China will listen. They've been involving foreign groups in their drug rehabilitation process reform for some years now.
> No, its because incremental performance and error recovery are more important than raw performance and expressiveness.

As if the former would require less math than the latter… Really?
Ask HN Mods: Why Do You Completely Change What Users Submit?
I recently submitted an item:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8052399

It made it to and remained on the front page for a while. Then, after some hours, ~180 votes and many comments, a HN mod changed the title completely and also modified the URL to a completely different article on a different site.

I understand that the new article might have provided additional detail (which another user had also indicated on the comments thread), but why is HN completely changing what its users are posting, while still attributing it to those users? It's odd to have something attributed to me that I did not submit. And, if the answer is that "the topic was the same", "the first article referenced the second", or similar, then it seems that editorializing to this extent wholly changes what HN is about. That is, why not just have users submit proposed topics for discussion rather than URLs?

And, what of any quotes or references to the initially submitted URL in the comments section?

BTW, on the one hand, it seems fairer to allow the user to keep karma earned for the article (as HN did), but this begs the question that if so many people had already upvoted the article, then might it have already been "sufficient"?
Actually, that's not completely facetious. What if the payment structure was changed from being based on the number of inmates, to a flat fee, with a cap on how many prisoners a single company could guard (going over that requires housing by the state).

Then the company is incentivized to lower the number of people being put in jail rather than raise it; you start seeing lobbying for decriminalization of non-violent offenses, since that leads to fewer prisoners, less cost, same revenue, thus increased profits.
توقعات الابراج اليوم الاحد 20-7-2014 , حظك اليوم الاحد 20 يوليو 2014
It wasn't clear to me at first if choiceless computation is present due to a mere design decision or if it is necessary to the Escher paradigm. I suppose it plays a role on the load distribution over different instances of a same computation unit --- as "computation unit", I mean reflexes, gates and circuits. Am I right?

It reminded me of languages like Lucid[1] and Quil[2], which treat non-von Neumann models of computation; Escher, though, seems to focus at the IPC level.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucid_%28programming_language%...

[2] https://sites.google.com/site/quilweb/
Well not really. They can just claim that without being paid extra to do so, it wouldn't be cost-effective for them or whatever. I mean that's their public argument anyway - that these services cost them too much and they need to pay up.
Projection is inherently a kludge compared to the screen being the light source. You are pushing light through air many times farther than in a small screening room and bouncing it off a relatively inefficient reflective screen.

large 4k panels are down into consumer prices now. That's the same resolution as theater projectors. "Home theater" is going to be what you have in your TV room. That is, even with laser projection, theaters are losing ground relative to what normal people will have in their homes, where they have control over cleanliness, seating, food, audio, etc. For that matter, people are consuming cinema much like they consume books: in bed, on tablets, with headphones on.

There is a reason cinema directors and writers are making, for lack of a better word, "TV" series. Movie theaters are an obsolete medium. This only herds theaters farther into a niche, where giant robots, skyscraper-sized monsters, and explosions are the only thing theaters can do better.
How many US prisoners are in corporate prisons?
I liked that, what a nice guy. This is the dilbert he has framed on his wall:

http://dilbert.com/strips/comic/1999-03-29/

http://dilbert.com/strips/comic/1999-03-30/
Israel, Oil, Shia vs Sunni conflict, US ambitions, old school dictators vs democratic movements vs religious fundamentalists.

I think that covers most things, except Turkey. Turkey has a whole secular vs religious plus embrace Europe and the West vs embrace the Middle East thing going on.

Basically a short summary is difficult because the history is enormous and intertwined.
No I was just wondering because the website contained very little info on the product, so not much to go on.

Personally I'm a software developer and hire out my designs.

Good luck on this project.
This story is going to need more detail because one of the biggest complaints merchants have is how PayPal will pretty much always side with the customer.
I guess the author didn't try `man tr` before deciding on a name.
> D&D never had that much potential to become that much larger than it did become.

See, for contrast, Games Workshop which is a pretty big deal in the UK with shops on many highstreets.
In the US: (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_prison#In_the_United_St...)

"The trend toward privately operated correctional facilities has continued with 85,604 adults (3.7% of the total US prison population) now housed in 107 privately operated prisons as of 2011[13] Companies operating such facilities include the Corrections Corporation of America, the GEO Group, Inc. (formerly known as Wackenhut Securities), and Community Education Centers. In the past two decades CCA has seen its profits increase by more than 500 percent.[14] The prison industry as a whole took in over $5 billion in revenue in 2011.[15]

"According to journalist Matt Taibbi, Wall Street banks took notice of this big influx of cash, and are now some of the prison industry's biggest investors. Wells Fargo has around 100 million invested in GEO Group and 6 million in CCA. Other major investors include Bank of America, Fidelity Investments, General Electric and The Vanguard Group. CCA's share price went from a dollar in 2000 to $34.34 in 2013.[15]"

Distinctions between corporations and government aside (their interests are the same, to a first approximation; and of course corporations are government-created entities)... the "drug war" is an effective pretext for social control, particularly in the top jailer of its own people: the US. Puts certain demographics in a horrific box with no freedom.
What I think would be a limited factor is the bandwidth: You need at least 35 megabit per second for streaming full HD video+sound ...
While most people are stuck on 5 Mbit Internet or 50 GB/month quota.
Yep. Well, see my managed time paper; basically we use no fancy algorithmic tricks and it all works out fine. There are 2 ways to do incremental parsing: the hard way based on some fancy delta algorithm, and an easy way based on simple memoization and conservative recomputation.

Academics especially often over think these problems when the simple solution often works fine, and performance wise you'd have to mess up pretty bad before parsing becomes a noticeable bottleneck.
About that sword at the end: Finland (and Sweden) have this old tradition that PhD's have a hat and a sword [1] as part of the academic dress [2].

[1] http://www.lut.fi/documents/10633/139156/opiskelu-tohtoriohj...

[2] http://www.helsinki.fi/filtdkpromootio2010/_Y5I6060.JPG
From an arab: overly simplified but a good start for most people who just have no idea and talk nonsense (which are a lot).
Not many (a little under 10%) but expanding rapidly[1] (~40% per year).

1. http://www.propublica.org/article/by-the-numbers-the-u.s.s-g...
Around 100,000, or 4% of total US prisoners[1]. 90% of them are in the facilities of the Corrections Corporation of America[2].

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_prison#In_the_United_St...

[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrections_Corporation_of_Amer...

edit: so that question was interesting enough for 3 people to look up the answer at the same time ;) Also I had to double check, wtf at the 100,000 prisoners being only 4% of total US prisoners..
Someone is funding a Kickstarter for Mac and Cheese
Yahoo finance says roughly 10% of prisons are privately operated. One company has capacity for over 120,000 inmates, so I'd estimate the private prison population is in the low to middle 100ks.

A huge segment of policing, courts, and prisons is dependent on the Drug War, and there is enormous public and private sector profiteering in it. But I'd say the other bad effects, like the proliferation of SWAT, no-knock raids, and militarization are worse than the expense and corruption.

Some of the other answers here are low due to counting only federal inmates, or being out of date.
Agree here - That has always been one of the thorns in accepting PayPal on any decent scale. At least with chargebacks, you can fight them and win about 50% of the time with the right docs. PayPal barely entertains dialogue.
I do Bret Victor style interactive programming environments. I've developed a set of tricks over the years and they are all quite simple. It really is programming in the classic sense and not so much Greek symbols on the whiteboard.

also, what I do is not very well understood, so there is no good theory for it yet and a lot of open questions to investigate. So its more experiment and measure vs. find a proof that will tell you for sure the right thing to do.
Travel and personal data on travellers kept by the Feds
ProPublica puts the percentage of inmates in private facilities at around 8% in 2010. The 3.7% figure appears to come from a cited academic work that I can't verify, so I'm not sure how much stock I'd put in that figure. ProPublica tends to put out pretty reliable stats.

More concerning than the total percentage is the rate at which this number is increasing (~40% per year).
This is the Mac and Cheese the world needs AND deserves.
First glance to Emmet
> then it seems that editorializing to this extent wholly changes what HN is about

This has been being since very many years, so it doesn't really change anything per se. It's that you're just realizing it, and lately primary sources are being preferred more.
In Sweden, this is the law. Prostitution is legal there, but visiting a prostitute is not.
Especially after the discussion has referenced the original article, now the entire context is broken.

But in the end, they can have whatever rules they want and it would still be bad because of one problem that prevails all of mod activity: that there is just so infrequently any notification that anything happened. Don't enforce them in secret, leading us to wonder what, when, and why something happened.
It's amazing how now this fashion is hip and for lack of a better word, 'swag.' Not to different from my 1989 Nintendo Sunglasses [0], only given to a few employees at the time. Were for kids and teens at the time, somewhat tacky neon but now considered adult swag. Gotta love fashion evolution.

I will die with these shades... haha, no pms about buying them please.

[0] http://imgur.com/a/NXZHn
Uh, this is what happen when you practice data visualization abuse.
Honestly I was always bothered more by the flicker of film projection than I have been by the resolution of digital projection. The low frame rate/high motion blur still annoys me so I'm looking forward to when they figure out getting 48fps to look "right".

The resolution of film has often been really bad too. Yeah, it's not pixels so you don't notice as clearly, but those corns of grain aren't exactly small either.
I know right? More screen real estate doesn't translate into productivity every time. I was aghast (and subsequently enlightened) when I heard Rob Pike saying he uses a 11" Macbook Air. That was actually the same computer I had at the time and definitely contributed to not worrying about throwing money at a larger screen.
I think this chart reflects the position of county's government. The Saudi government doesn't support Al Qaeda and has a careful relationship with Wahhabism (as they see both as potential threats to their powerbase).

Al Qaeda (the core part anyway) has never really had an anti-Shia bent (or, interestingly, anti-Israel) and Iran did tolerate some movement of Al Qaeda and Taliban through their territories.

Iran did have a real ally: the Syrian government of Assad. Even that was a difficult relationship prior to the fall of Hussein in Iraq because Assad was a Ba'athist (which is a secular ideology opposed to Iran's theocracy) and Hussein was also Ba'athist (Iraq and Iran were enemies since the Iranian revolution for those who missed that bit).

Ba'athism is pretty much irrelevant today, but until the 1990s it was one of the factors that shaped the Middle Wast we see now.

Edit: I assume the downvotes mean I'm factually incorrect about something. I'd appreciate enlightenment.
Bungie: Destiny Beta Stats May Carry To Full Game
The blog’s top ten most popular posts June 2014 from The Ancient Art of Bonsai
The mods here are out of control to the point where I'm considering going back to Reddit completely. The fact the stories are being censored due to "topic association" despite having enough up-votes is ridiculous.
The guidance on this is pretty confusing, I agree. On one hand, we have this:

If you want to add initial commentary on the link, write a blog post about it and submit that instead.

On the other, we get this:

If a blog post reports on something they found on another site, submit the latter.

So, which is it? Report just the original source without the additional discussion, or the additional discussion if you feel it worth the talk?

It worries me how much power a few people hold over submissions. A few flags on a popular topic, and it's burned to the ground. A few people complaining in the comments about the "original source", and the entire post is changed. It just feels wrong.
In the latest news from the United States, "Drug Sentencing Guidelines Reduced For Current Prisoners," we learn that the United States Sentencing Commission, a federal agency, voted on Friday to reduce terms for convicted drug offenders already in prison.[1] The state jurisdiction I live in already very rarely imprisons anyone for a drug offense unless the offense involves a large degree of dealing combined with other criminal offenses. Possession offenses are still in the statute books, but they are mostly dealt with here by diversion to drug treatment programs.

The great majority of persons in the United States who are in prison are in prison for offenses other than drug offenses. States that have sentencing commissions (mine was the first) by state policy mostly only imprison repeat offenders who are convicted of serious (mostly violent) crimes, not mere drug possession.[2]

[1] http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/07/18/332619083/dru...

http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-drug-sentences...

[2] http://mn.gov/sentencing-guidelines/images/2013%2520Guidelin...
I'm perfectly fine with them changing to a better sourced URL and a more accurate title - however I never thought about your attribution point. If they change both of these things you now have something attributed to you that has absolutely nothing to do with you. That definitely seems like it could cause problem, especially for people who are not 'anonymous' and are using real names.
I'm not a mod, but I can answer your three main questions.

1.) Why do titles get changed?

2.) Why do URLs get changed?

3.) Why do things drop off the front page?

The first two questions are answered in the HN guidelines:

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html

In short, is says to always avoid "linkbait" and misleading titles, and
always submit the original source URL. If someone suggests a URL to the
original source, then changing the URL helps everybody. The same is true
for changing bad titles. Regurgitated blogspam with a linkbaiit title is
always annoying, and most aggregators fight against it every single day.

The third question is tougher to answer, since you'd need to do a whole
lot of reading. The two most common things which will cause the rank of
a submission to drop are users flagging the story, and setting off the
voting ring detector (i.e. trying to fake up-votes).

Sam Altman (hn user: sama, YC S05, and a YC Partner) mentioned the ring
voting detector issues here:
https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7972941

And somewhere in the comments of our fearless public moderator Daniel
Gackle (hn user: dang) was mentioned the issue about user flags
affecting the rank of stories.

Your fourth question:

4.) Is it fair to attribute something to a user that they did not
actually submit?

If you failed to follow the guidelines, then yes, it is fair because it
helps everyone else on HN.

For notes, I've had titles of my submissions edited for clarity, and the
only part that bothers me is that I made a moderator do unnecessary work
that I should have done myself.

EDIT: Found the link where dang mentions user flags sinking a story:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8008472
I think the best thing that has been written on the Middle East is Walid Khalidi, ed., From Haven to Conquest. But as a rule of thumb,"When governments are loyal to the US (Israel, Ukraine, etc), the US calls for disarming of all militias and groups that are opposed to those governments. But in the cases of governments that are opposed to the US (Syria, Iran, Cuba, etc) the US funds and arms militias against those governments."
I do not like PayPal, it is a secure and reliable system
Maybe it's as simple as having a changelog on titles. If a mod changes the link or title, you could show something to indicate that on the frontpage, and on the comments page show more details like what the original link/title was, and what it was changed to, and by whom.

IOW it seems like transparency in moderation is what you really need. This would also solve the problem of original discussion referencing the old article no longer making sense when the article changes.
I've never written any javascript before this, if you have the time please check it out on github and tell me what I'm doing wrong. https://github.com/EliotSlevin/NostalgiaMachine
There is a proposed solution for this scenario:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS-based_Authentication_of_Na...

It will allow for pinning certificates (self-signed too) to records in in DNS with DNSSEC.
Need a hacker 3000＄ 
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I mean, I know it's not secure. But I had no clue it was down-vote-not-secure!
Facebook Page Hacked – how I got it back
US Terrorist Database Growing at Rapid Rate
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-evIyrrjTTY
Popped collars appear frequently in Brat Pack movies!
The relentless (and annoying) pursuit of eyeballs
The US has legalized marijuana in a few states and decriminalized it in half of the states. I guess you hadn't heard.
I think we might be violently agreeing here. :)

The article I linked to links to the article you linked to about halfway down.
Which stories?
Feds Seek Hackers' Help in Zapping 'Rachel' the Robocaller
Which is why I suggested Suhoshin above: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=8056907 And on a number of replies advocated for certain precautions in addition to the much maligned disable_functions list.

I'm not going to visit this thread any longer as it's getting to be an exhausting exercise of having to wade through snark and general malaise. I'm reminded, once again, why I waited so long before making a single post on this forum.
See: cognitive blends by Mark Turner. Metaphor Mechanics
Solution:
If (mod wants to change link AND link is front page) then mod leaves a comment with link to original.
Why do you assume it were the mods and not just people flagging?
That's interesting. I hope it sees more widespread adoption by browser vendors and the recent security disclosures will hopefully help to tip implementation in that direction.
So... You're suggesting to do something that was at one point implemented in one of the major browsers, but isn't even implemented in that one currently.

What happens on the other browsers? Scary warning?
No, the mods have definitely become heavier recently. I saw one the other day which was a letter from Richard Feynman to an ex-student, explaining to him, amongst other things, how to choose problems to work on. The original title mentioned that it was from Richard Feynman, the modded title was just something like "How to choose problems to work on", with no mention of Feynman, which is so generic and boring that I would never have clicked on the link.

Dear mods, modding is something to use when there is a clear threat to community values. The default position, if you are in doubt, should be to do nothing.
HIV/AIDS Researchers, Officials Perish In Malaysia Airlines MH17 Crash
An introduction to GLSL and fragment/pixelshaders