skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
0 is not defined as 0 * x = 0 - that is a derived formula. 0 is defined as the additive identity, i.e. x + 0 = x = 0 + x. It is a unique number.

0 * x = 0 is proven by noting that 0 * x = (0 + 0) * x = 0 * x + 0 * x (distributive property) and then subtracting the additive inverse of 0 * x from both sides to get that 0 = 0 * x.

However, this says nothing about 0^0, and one cannot talk about 0^(-n) for natural number n since 0 has no multiplicative inverse.

Also your argument on limits is not correct - you chose a particular path of approach for the expression y^x fixed along y = 0. Looking at another angle, the limit of x^x as x approaches 0 is clearly 1 as reasoned in the article, so this causes a clear disagreement here since you can argue for different values to make sense by tweaking the path of approach of the two dimensional function y^x appropriately.
I found OpenSuse to be acceptable in that regard.
It's important to distinguish that the places offering the <10k rubber stamps aren't really offering the same service (even if you concede that it's only for compliance).

Places like that are just running a scanner against your website. In the case of an app like this (which was an iOS app), you might find a cheap place to run it through a source code analyzer (either through a cloud-hosted service like Veracode, or by running an app like AppScan).

Assuming you wanted to hire a "respectable" firm to actually perform a real application assessment, I'd say it's closer to 30-50k.

If you look at the report, it was scoped at 3 man-weeks of testing (which in this case looks like it was 3 engineers for 1 week). Even if you don't include any additional overhead (like hours for the report generation, or project management hours), you're looking at ~24k just for the engineers effort (if they just priced it t&m, which hopefully they don't).

To be fair, this is a pretty exotic application though, compared to what a lot of other people might be working on. The scope for a project to test a more "normal" app would be less. Maybe even half that.
Everyone in Britain hates each other.
For me, intuition-wise, I'd order it "undefined, 1, 0".

There are 3 cases for 1 and one case for 0 that immediately spring to my mind when considering the problem:

0) Limit of 0^x, as x approaches 0 (from above).
1a) Limit of x^0 as x approaches 0 (from either direction).
1b) Limit of x^x as x approaches 0 (from above).
1c) "What did you multiply by 3 once, to get 3^1? So, multiplying 1 by zero, zero times..."

Limits here, simplified to intuition level, being "what would you need to fill that hole in the graph?" The fact that these disagree would be why I'd assume undefined, but the case for 1 seems stronger (to me).
And because if you're Isaac Newton and you're writing pages and pages of proofs, you naturally want to use a shorthand in order to save yourself time, energy, and from repetitive strain injury.
Why use donated money to pay for an audit of software that has known bugs and isn't ready yet? That's wasteful. The point of an audit is to find bugs you don't already know about.
using the definition in the article where X^n = 1 * X * X ...

x^2 = 1XX
x^1 = 1*X
x^0 = 1
You're not familiar with most online services out there? Most of the time you get only weeks if not days before you can do anything about your data. This is actually better than most.
It is. We invented the arabic numerals because they were easy to draw and we could written any numbers with them. Just like we invented higher lever computer languages instead of using assembly.

See what Fibonacci used to say in his first book Liber Abaci about using arabic numerals. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liber_Abaci
That is because the majority of Wikipedia's math articles are actually from Planet Math, a website full of math knowledge similar to MathWorld that is geared towards mathematicians.
Good first pass. But the page you link to needs copy-editing. There are a few sentences that don't have agreeing verb tenses. Not much, but it is there.
Thanks for the "tidy data" reference, getting that now. Have you explored dplyr yet, since you mentioned "split-apply-combine" and you like data.tables?
WebRTC is not even in their plan yet. Sigh.
Yes, for sure. My question was rhetorical, trying to drive intuition away from "But I'm starting with a zero, how do I get anything else?"
The grandparent asked whether they have had a security audit, and parent said "I don't believe they've had an independent security audit." Seems like a straightforward reply to those.
Show HN: Digitizing photos of whiteboards using the command line
- "0^0. Why? Because mathematicians said so. No really, it’s true."

- [Detailed explanation of the tradeoffs involved in choosing different definitions of exponentiation.]

So, it's not "because mathematicians said so", it's because of a deep review of the tradeoffs of defining how exponentiation generalizes, the kind of thing that mathematicians happen to study more than other identifiable groups.
BlackBerry Severs Ties With T-Mobile
Oh. Duh. You're right. I was skimming my threads and lost the context. Thanks for pointing this out.
I tend to work out of a private branch, and commit early and often. So I end up with a lot of commits that say "fixed foo to be 1", then "oops, I meant it to be 2", then "No, it should be -7", etc. I'll drop a tag, then rebase a group of commits to re-order them (so all the fix, to a fix, to a typo mistake that shouldn't have been there) are together. Then sometimes I'll drop another tag, then squash, then rebase onto the main branch. Those temporary tags then get pushed only to a separate repo that only I write to (the one that everyone else uses gets the cleaned-up presentable code).
Use any of the following apps, and use the button supplied in those apps to instruct your ChromeCast to play the given media directly.

https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/devices/chromecast/app...
The symbols we use to represent math are arbitrary but that doesn't mean the rules behind them are. Many concepts in math are fundamental truths.
Object RTC is developed by a community group at the W3C. It includes people from Google, Microsoft and a number of telecom companies, amongst others http://www.w3.org/community/ortc/
That is really making lemonade out of lemons. Especially given that the Apple TV remote app is absolutely horrendous. Now you can push media from your phone, but it's pretty terrible to have to have the apps, and then download to your phone, then push out to your Apple TV.

Many, many people don't want to deal with apps on their phone to control the TV, especially around social or family settings. I use the terrible AppleTV remove, and not only is it infra-red, it is one of the most directional infra-red devices going. It has always seemed like a very un-Apple thing that they made it like that, or that the control app is so terrible.
I wasn't making a jingoistic point, but you can take the opposite side of 'never' quite easily. China already has fallen, the communist revolution took place in 1949. Iran recently (from a historic perspective) had free elections in 1951, see Mohammad Mosaddegh. Ideas really are the most powerful things in the world.
I took your advice and posted a gist: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7520216

I actually made this gist a couple months ago when I first came up with this, I can't believe I'd forgotten about it.
+1 for artificial fur
> It's always nice to see UI/UX people respond to user input and admit when they are wrong, rather than berate their users for not understanding the product. This sort of humbleness seems to be becoming increasingly rare.

You must be kidding. In a big company like Microsoft I would have hoped they listen to user feedback BEFORE they release stuff, not just after. This is really the wrong way to design UI - they were clearly not humble in the first place when they pushed for the removal of the start button, but they still went on with it.
This is exactly why you have things like 0! = 1, 0 choose 0 = 1, 0^0 = 1, the empty sum is 0 and the empty product is 1, and so on. These are DEFINITIONS and they make notation easier. They basically help the flow of mathematics. It's often difficult to watch someone try to explain "intuitively" why some of these things are the way they are and completely miss the point that they are like this because they help make other things easier.
boycotts are fine. the problem is that people are taking personal issues and making them into corporate issues, and that's what is not OK.

a person's private life and professional life are SEPARATE. You shouldn't punish Mozilla employees for things the person at the helm does IN HIS PRIVATE LIFE
Read the Devastating Letter by a Harvard Sexual-Assault Survivor
It's a compile-to-JavaScript language, like CoffeeScript. Differentiating features:

- Strict superset of JS. All(?) JS is valid TS, making it easier to migrate to TS.

- Many of the added features are from EcmaScript 6, i.e. JavaScript Of The Future. TS lets you use those today, instead of waiting for browsers to implement.

- (Optional) type system, which some people are fans of.

- Much stronger tooling & IDE support, in part due to the typing.
I use Cats IDE on a relatively large project and find it very good.
While it is ultimately a matter of opinion and personal judgment, mine disagrees with yours.

I do find authority to be inherently suspicious, because it substitutes use of force for the use of rationality, and usually only for the sake of the authority-haver's personal convenience.

If you are correct, and can prove it, no authority is required. Otherwise the authority, if available, is inevitably used to win by rhetorical distraction rather than by the strength of the reasoning. And a swat on the noggin with a baton is very distracting indeed. As they say, you can beat the rap, but you can't beat the ride.

That's not to say authority is useless. It is often the only way to achieve timely results. But is is no less suspicious, and should always be ratified by a deliberative, non-authoritative process.
We submitted a pre-emptive build just to obtain approval from Apple. We were going to wait to update it with the audited build before actually releasing it (Apple lets you schedule releases in advance.) In retrospect, it was lucky we got Apple's rejection early on, so we were able to deal with it better.
Dear Harvard you win. Open letter from sexual assault victim
Monument Valley iPad game is out Hits US Store at midnight NYC time
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I read that issue especially carefully since it was on the front page, and it doesn't look like a crypto protocol bug. I'm actually not sure what that bug is.

A crypto protocol bug is something like "TextSecure tried to implement secure file transfer, used the CTR block cipher mode, and managed to make the keystreams collide, so that passive attackers could recover file contents from encrypted streams".

The general point you made, that all applications have bugs (and thus security bugs) is valid. I'm drawing a line that you're not drawing, between design flaws in cryptosystems and random iOS/Android mistakes.
If I remember ngen is very architecture/platform specific - that is why it has to be done on the target machine. This sounds like it is done ahead of time with support for a variety of architectures.
They are comparing IE to other real modern browsers - it's rather surprising to see. Like saying "The competitors are far ahead, here what they already do and we don't and out of that what we plan to do next and what not.".
Not really. We have some very good reasons for using the definitions we use every day. Those reasons are more related to us than our technology, although our tech is getting so good that we already need to think about it. And by the way, people changed almost all the usual definitions at the XX century.

Now, mathematicians do throw the usual definitions away all the time. It's important to know when to reuse other people's coding, or roll your own.
You can at least get some of that with flags/stars, but I agree, most clients won't allow persistent sorting, and for some use-cases that could be useful.
Home Routers at Core of DNS-Based DDoS Amplification Attacks
I use RubyMine, which highlight spelling mistakes in string literals, variables, function names etc...
Great insight.. But I also believe that there are pros and cons accompanying this idea. Nice post though!
From Microlancer to Envato Studio in 12 Months
Rainforest QA (YC S12) is hiring full stack and front end engineers
It's already showing up in the UK, EU, and Australian app stores. Should be available in the US at midnight NYC time.
this is the link to their site itself : https://spoi.com/software/yto/

it has links to extensions for chrome, firefox and safari
Social media explosion powered by dirty energy, report warns
Well of course we made it up. No one handed us any stone tablets with 0^0 on them.

Mathematicians are always making definitions, and working out which of them should be kept and which should be discarded. We keep the definitions that make the most sense, that make our lives the easiest, that make theorems easy to state, that give math a sense of being natural. Indeed, in the early days of algebraic geometry there were big debates over which definitions to adopt.

It is like deciding on a convention when you design a new programming language. In this case, experience has shown that it is pretty much always better to say that 0^0 is 1 and not 0. Among other reasons, there is exactly one map from the empty set to the empty set.

But if you say 0^0 = 0, you don't get math blowing up in some big contradiction. You just get a little more kludge here and there, a few extra special cases of lemmas that have to be spelled out in more detail. Nothing too awful.
Does this imply that GOOG and GOOGL shares will have prices that will move independently going forward? This should be interesting to watch.
Google, for one, has been doing this kind of thing for years. Dremel (http://research.google.com/pubs/pub36632.html), for instance, was the subject of a paper they published after they'd been developing and using it internally for years. It's never been open sourced, but there's now Apache Drill (http://incubator.apache.org/drill/) which is based on the same paper. In short, it's part marketing, part recruiting, and part ego. I'm hopeful that Twitter will at least publish a research paper that digs into some of the nuances of Manhattan and compares/contrasts against other technologies.
Probably -- I don't care too much about the windows store, I'm more excited about being able to write C# code that doesn't require a VM. Not that there's anything /wrong/ with the CLR, but one thing I miss about C++ when I'm not writing it is self contained programs where it's just a small exe without a bunch of huge dependencies.
I had an idea for a couple of years now of creating a wikipedia-style mathematics textbook that will be crowd-sourced, standardized and cover all of math in a way that's accessible to learn from on your own. It would have a kind of a zoom function where you can expand details on explanations and calculations to a depth that you prefer. Ideally this kind of thing would start off with basic math and get progressively further into mathematics like the roots of a tree.
Maybe he feels that the protagonist was hoarding the secrets of geometry and color, and that if only he had better communication skills everyone else in the room would suddenly realize the internal inconsistencies of their specification.
not the downvoter, but my 2c:
> if only for the visually jarring effect it has
I don't find the effect jarring in the slightest, actually. there's a gentle fade into the background and then the tiles fade in, which I find quite easy on the eyes.

> since they removed the Recent files
I work with my apps pinned to taskbar. If I want to open my last VS solution, I right click on VS and click the top icon, which is the recent list? Maybe there was another recent list.

> Interop between modern and classic is still terrible
I agree here, in fact I would go as far as to say it's non existent, although I'm not 100% sure what sort of interaction I would expect between them. Allowing the metro apps access to more functionality would reduce the sandbox level in WinRT, so that's not going to happen. The only way I can see it happening is if MS give desktop apps access ti metro/modern app data, which is a privacy nightmare, so I don't know what the solution here is. I'd be interested in hearing one though.

> no windowed modern apps
Article says all MS universal apps will be windowed going forward, so I guess that means they're backing down on this.

> start search is split by app type
don't know what you mean here. If I type in "Evernote", I get
Evernote(desktop App)
Evernote(text file I have named evernote)
Evernote(Metro App)

> The modern UI also suffers from not allowing renaming of apps.
Rename the classic ones so?

> but frankly, booting isn't where I spend most of my time

Where do you spend most of your time? By the sounds of your criticisms, searching among the number of metro and classic apps you have installed, on the metro screen? I don't know about you, but 95% of my time is spent with FF, visual studio, spotify, sourcetree and 3DS max open, none of which are affected by the metro interface, so nothing has changed for me.

The only complaint people have is the start screen for Windows 8, which seems to more be a case of "I like the start menu", although as you state there is some missing functionality re: recent files. But what about the improvements?

My boot time was cut substantially, I'm on my desktop(including going via the start screen because I like booting to it and seeing the live update travel tile and looking forward to my next holdiay) in ~ 8 seconds.

Much better multiple monitor support, for backgrounds, multi-taskbars.

Built in reset and restore settings.

File History: this is awesome. Works like time machine for OSX and is a major upgrade over Backup and Restore.

I've also noticed my usage is snappier than it was on 7, and an increase in battery life on my MBP ( I run bootcamp).

Built in ISO mounting (bye bye wincdemu) is also cool. Overall, I'm happy, and won't be changing back.
I didn't mean that good art can't be one of a kind. I meant that art as a whole isn't a rare resource.

Also, what if the art is a photograph?

As for art consumption, that's a big topic, but I wish we made an effort to find relevance to our own lives for something we learn or recognize in art. We do this relatively well for music. We recognize metaphors and themes for betrayal, redemption, and shame in songs.

When it comes to visual art or literature, we become suspicious when someone suggests we could interpret someone's hair being dyed as a benediction. We worry about the artist's intent to show symbols, but barely recognize them if the intent is clear. The Syfy TV series "Caprica" had an unclothed woman suggestively holding an apple in its ads, but how many people consciously recognized it as biblical allegory?

[1] http://www.impawards.com/tv/posters/caprica.jpg
[RFC PATCH] cmdline: Hide "debug" from /proc/cmdline
The strongest value of math is the most consistently efficient approach for solving non-trivial abstract problems, not necessarily the answer to the question solved by the article. This is due to understanding how to probe a problem, experiment with possibilities, and repeat in a logical manner until you strike gold - it is a skill that is applicable in just about every walk of life.
A pretty interesting question(the value of 0^0), in a very understandable format for the layman (me).

Very nice blog post!
> Even if there's been some kind of installation/update that requires a reboot

Oh so they still have those in Win8. I didn't miss that when I moved to Linux. Reboots for Updates is a broken concept.
Yet Another Source Predicting the Death of Email
Yes, the $GOOGL and $GOOG stock will have independent prices.
Open laptop because we're worried about state-sponsored attackers expending multiple millions of dollars of time and resources to undertake the lowest level of attacks upon our hardware.

Top model ships with a keyboard with a radio transceiver built in.
Who exactly are the parasites, who is the host, and how did the parasite benefit at the expense of the host?

If the parasites are investment bankers, and the hosts are the investors with 401(k)s, then fine. But that has nothing to do with music.

If GC is the host and the investment bankers are the parasites, that doesn't quite make sense. GC apparently sought out the "parasites" at every turn, and that doesn't sound like a normal parasite/host relationship.

It sounds to me more like a business that just used too much leverage/debt, presumably to grow quickly. That works sometimes, and sometimes collapses. This time it collapsed. The times it works it doesn't make the news.

So what's special about GC?
probably not. Seems to me like you are forcing the candidate to either look stupid or dishonest.
How To Extend Angular's Script Directive
The limit in 1b is 1 from below as well, right? I'm not sure how limits work with complex numbers, but the imaginary part of x^x approaches zero as x approaches zero from below, so can we say that the limit of x^x as x approaches zero from below is also zero?
It's perhaps more than a convention because this is also the limit that the function x log(x) naturally takes as x approaches 0 in the domain of the logarithm. Well, this is just a rehash of what the "cleverest" student does anyway.
I'm assuming those people would just get their extra shares after a few days of extra delay.
I'm killing this as a dupe. ("Dupe" is short for duplicate, i.e. a repost.)
Perhaps a related question: How should it be defined in a math library for a programming language? Should it return 1, or throw an exception?
> There seems to be quite a lot of lines of code there.

Oh yeah, that's Moore's Law at work here too!
I think that the most intuitive way to get the idea of why 0^0 = 1 is to take the example from combinatorics. n^k is the number of distinct sequences for the sampling with replacement and ordering (for example ball picking from repository of n different balls and counting the number of distinct ways that k balls can be picked and ordered - with replacement). I think that there is only one way of ordering results of drawing zero balls from a set of 0 different balls :)
The future of drones and drone warfare
Object RTC is under consideration instead.
While high schoolers try to prove their own intuitions about their understanding of exponents (intuition drilled into them through rote learning), mathematicians just say "we defined it that way".

It speaks to the tragedy that is the high school math curriculum.
My favourite algebra professor always said something to the effect of "we always have to be careful about abusing notation but if we make good choices of notation we can abuse it right." Definitions are sort of the same deal.
I'm bewildered by the many "under consideration" entries. When all the other major players support something, and you want to be taken seriously, why aren't you throwing more engineers at the problem?
Perhaps not helping with this comment.