skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Source? If you look at expenditure on pharmaceutical research and development in the UK vs. the US, you see that 9% of global R&D expenditure is UK based, and 49% is US based.

This very closely matches the population differences between the UK and US (at a population of 63M vs. 317M).

Within Europe, the UK represents 23% of all pharmaceutical R&D funding; France is only slightly lower at 20% of the total.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_the_...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_Stat...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_united_king...
That's inaccurate. You can just have a "change your email" account setting, as usual. Persona has nothing to do with that.
There are plenty of situations when using Facebook Connect is inappropriate. If I wanted to look professional, I wouldn't associate myself with fb (Is that a personal perception or is it shared among the public that Fb is intensely a consumer platform?). If I wanted to have control over my own assets, including the userbase, I wouldn't use fb.

Even if you look into consumer market, Snapchat went out of their way to _avoid_ Facebook Connect.

So I think Mozilla could have done more marketing against Facebook Connect.
I definitely hope they take a long hard look at what Maidsafe has been doing, especially at their anonymity model, and I think they have a pay-model, too, at least for the company itself.

But instead of seeing all of these different projects that are basically forking Bitcoin (OpenLibernet, MaidSafe, Bitcloud, GNS, Twister, Bitmessage, etc), and creating something very different each time, rather than having all of them being built on top of Bitcoin, like we were promised, I'd like to see these being integrated with Ethereum.

Ethereum promises to be that "Bitcoin as Internet/platform" thing that we eventually want, and on which all of these things and much more can be built, and be fully integrated with each other, which should make a lot of other things easier to build, such as P2P currency exchanges and so on.

With Ethereum we're going to see P2P services popping up with a regular occurrence, because basically everything built on top of it will be P2P, and all could much more easily be integrated with each other, and could much more easily find a monetization and sustainable model, and also a way to incentivize users to join them.

Think Twitter, Facebook, e-mail, chatting, Dropbox, and probably even Youtube alternatives, all P2P, and some even anonymous if the developer decides to integrate that in them. I expect this to eventually bring us that "secure by default Internet", rather than making what we have now secure by default.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9dpjN3Mwps

http://www.ethereum.org/

https://www.ethereum.org/whitepaper/ethereum.html
How low does the stack go? C isn't used for the microcode translating instructions inside the CPU. I suspect that parent poster was thinking of the 'web stack', which seems to be what 'full-stack programmers' are recruited for.
OK, then a answer this question: how does the user log in to change their email address? They can't use Persona, as they already deleted their old email address. (And if you try to tell me this doesn't happen, you are wrong: this happens constantly; again, I run a site with tens of millions of users and rely on third-party login providers: I am not making these issues up. Most users don't use your site constantly, and only realize they are locked out long after they've moved on from their old email address. In fact, it would never even occur to them that this is a problem, as they are used to sites using passwords for login, which even when emails are used as the username continue to work after they delete their account.)

The easy solutions I can come up with to this problem negate all the benefits of Persona past "email verification without sending an email", which is a non-problem for most people, and not how Persona is marketing itself (in particular, you can't rely on it as a login provider: you need a password or something instead). It is ludicrously irritating to have to deal with these issues manually; at least Google (which also causes this problem) offers other benefits (names, genders, profile pictures, and with G+ a list of friends to easily add social features). The other options you have are ludicrous "account recovery" flows, such as Facebook's "get five of your most trusted friends to vouch for you" mechanism, which shouldn't be needed for this all-too-common case.
It seems like people are just prejudiced, and are so prejudiced that they feel justified in calling people out on a forum under the guise of "helping" them.

When learning a language, I love gentle corrections to the many inevitable faults, and wish people would do it more often, because it helps you improve. Perhaps that varies with the person, but please don't interpret them as insults or bikeshedding to reinforce someone's ego, as they very rarely are. Communication is also about authority, tone and style, so just being able to guess what someone meant is not always good enough.

This was just a small note to this person about a repeated mistake which is undermining their credibility. If they take note, their communication will be improved for the rest of their life by not confusing these two homophones.
> If anything, atheism has stronger correlation with wars and violence than religion has ...

"Atheism?" You're absurdly arguing that every war not started by a recognized religion is started by atheists. You're overlooking the fact that a non-religious war is most often fought by people with religious beliefs -- not atheists.

> USSR was an atheist state

Oh, do learn some history. By that reasoning, prohibition stopped Americans from drinking, and laws against prostitution prevent sex workers from plying their trade.

Do you know the term "self-reference"? This conversation has a big element of self-reference. You're defending religion for a reason other than a dispassionate pursuit of truth, and you're not very bright. You represent the I.Q. norm that's been scientifically established for religious people.

If your arguments were more than paper-thin and self-contradicting, if you had the requisite intellect to construct substantial arguments, you wouldn't have religious beliefs and we wouldn't be having this conversation. Self-reference.
Ok, to put my trollface on...

<not serious>

Plainly the best thing to do is hurry the development of machine learning algorithms for active environments, also known as AI, in order to minimize the gap of time between most of the world's people becoming unemployable and most of the world's people being made of atoms the AI can use for something else.

</not serious>
Not trusting anybody / anything does not mean that you can not risk a relationship. It's a cost/benefit analysis. In the case of MtGox, a libertarian would trust it with a small percent of their holdings, no more.

Because a libertarian recognizes that the world is inherently risky/hostile, as a basic strategy he is not willing to risk too many eggs on a single basket. Whatever the basket - specially if it is a basket guaranteed by the state with a business plan based on a pyramid-scam, like, "we are guaranteeing all bank accounts although we have absolutely no money to do that".
It doesn't work in internet explorer 11.
Coincidentally, I (the author) have had experience bribing police in Kazakhstan: http://www.offsilkroadin.com/2009/11/the-last-hurdle/
As a French, I must say that we are so much used to this system that it seems obvious. And, French being French, we like to complain about the flaws (well, there are some). But whenever I read this kind of article, I realize that this is not obvious at all and that, in the States, you have to pay for your health like for any groceries.

This is when I understand what people means when they say that France is a socialist country: we have very strong public service. This means that police, fire fighters, healthcare, school and so on are mostly public: we have no militia, prisons have no incentive to get more people jailed by bribing judges, fires are fought without caring if the flat's owner can pay for it, people are being taken care of without delay for checking if there private insurance will accept it, and kids from poor families have a firm chance of getting a good education.

The amusing part is that having this critical services being managed by the state seems so obvious to us that we don't think we are specially socialists (well, the French social party seldom wins the presidential elections). I guess it would seem odd for the government to nationalize a company, but it would be nearly impossible for them to try an privatize a critical public service.
The syntax has its good points, or at least opinions about what is good despite them being non-mainstream. Such as function calls and sequences without brackets or separators. Question marks, hyphens and other symbols allowed in identifiers.
I'm not really defending the "Lean Startup" approach; I don't think it's very socially useful or interesting, but I do think it's probably profitable on average (hence why VCs like it).

The approach of doing a university spinoff using your own tech is a model I do like, and I agree it's a way to develop new tech and also bring it out of the lab. But I think the academic part there is key: you get some R&D runway up front before you start the startup and need to make money, rather than doing a startup up-front. You can then "afford" to start the startup once at least some of the high-risk work has been done and you're reasonably close to a product. Since you mention Wolfram, that's probably an even better example of that than Google, given Wolfram's rather lengthy prologue to his startup: he spent 8 years at Caltech (1979-1987, first as PhD student, then as professor) developing the Symbolic Manipulation Program, a precursor to Mathematica. Then he spun off a company in 1987 and launched Mathematica in 1988. I don't think he would've been able to do the same kind of initial R&D in a startup as he was able to do at Caltech.
welcome to Europe
I'm Chinese and so is my co-founder. In fact, she grew up in China, and I lived a part of my life in semi-rural China. I know and interacted with people who worked in factories and have relatives that do these jobs.

We kind of take offense to the idea that us bringing extra work to these painters in China is "exploitation," and it's easy for a lot of comfortable Westerners to take this stance because the standard of living here is so high and we have the luxury to think about how much we'd all like to get paid.

To put your mind at ease, most of these painters have set up shop doing this regularly, and have a standardized price usually on their websites. We simply contact them, talk to them, and send them business according to their quoted prices. We don't gather a bunch of people who have nothing else to do and force them to paint because they have no other alternatives. They are already painters, and they do this as as their main specialty.
Stop complaining about this problem and start putting some damn effort in, if you take it so seriously.
Xubuntu is significantly different from stock XFCE
Pharmaceutical not equal doctors. The former is not funded by doctors but by the patients. So it will be better to extend medicaid to more people to fund the former...
what impact will this have on the web component standard implementation in webkit?
I don't think privacy is the main problem they solve, but the user's need to skip the tedious signups all the time.
No? I don't understand how your question makes sense in relation to the GP comment. You can see the entirety of the diff here: https://bugs.webkit.org/attachment.cgi?id=224240&action=diff

I believe most of the shadow DOM stuff was removed almost a year ago after the Blink fork, because the maintainers of the code were leaving with Blink. eg

> Is anyone intending to maintain the feature on trunk? If not, we should simply get rid of code behind this build flag for now; keeping unmaintained code that doesn't even compile isn't healthy for the project of our size.[1]

It looks like this was just some last remaining code behind a leftover build flag.

[1] https://lists.webkit.org/pipermail/webkit-dev/2013-May/02489...
FYI: http://ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
They [drug companies] are satisfied with the status quo because they ARE making money. The problem is that the FDA makes it near impossible for biotech startups to develop revolutionary and competitive oncology tech. Investors don't want to invest in early/mid stage biotech companies due to the extreme risk. Essentially these startups could have a viable product, yet get stonewalled by the FDA for years while waiting for trials and run out of money and dry up.

In many cases it's not really the research that drives the cost, but rather the ability to charge the cost they do because people want to live. I understand that perspective is controversial and some will down-vote me for it. One instance was when my Dad had Metastatic Melanoma and was on DTIC therapy (Dacarbazine). It was nearly $20k per infusion. Are you kidding me, $20K/infusion!? They did 8-10 infusions. Unfathomably expensive. Oh and DTIC is one of the crappy old drugs from the 1970's. Anyone who believes that the cost to produce the drug is anywhere within several orders of a magnitude of what it costs patients is delusional.

TL;DR The FDA and their non-startup friendly political processes are suppressing new players from emerging in the medical field who could create companies with revolutionary treatments. These treatments would bring a natural balance back to medical pricing through free market principles. Instead we're stuck with the current oligopoly where there's no major inventive to create cures which would cost billions in research while simultaneously ending hundreds of billions per year in recurring revenue on current semi-effective treatments.

/rant
It is notable how little about the actual study this article actually reveals (the study itself is behind a paywall). I'd say the author of the article is just trolling...
XML Conference
I 100% agree with all of this. I think Persona needs some native support in browsers/etc and will succeed. I find it the easiest login system to implement, bar none.

I also wrote a post on how you can use it with disposable email addresses: http://www.stavros.io/posts/persona-accounts-disposable-emai...

If disposable email providers (mailinator, 33mail, etc) implement it, you will just be able to log in with your disposable email address everywhere. If the browser implements "remember which address I signed up to this site with", it will be the most transparent login system available.
I use it on several sites, and it works quite fine, The problem is with users they are so used to registering with "omgonies/1234568" into sites that federated login is weird to them
Does anyone have any real info on this? I don't think we have enough context or details to really know what this means, do we?
I used to love MS Chat and The Palace. Thanks for the fond memories.
Can someone explain this? Isn't Shadow DOM necessary? What is this 60fps on mobile intent and how it relates to Shadow DOM?
(I'm not sure if you'll see this or not, but it's worth a shot)

Like I said, before a compiler can be certified ANSI C, it must provide the Standard C Library (for whatever platform the compiler is for). As a programmer, you don't have to use the supplied functions, but they are there, and they do comprise a part of the C Standard. And because the functions are defined, the compiler writer can do some pretty neat things.

For instance, include string.h, and that informs the compiler you want to use the string and memory functions defined by the C Standard. The compiler can then generate code directly for, say, memcpy() instead of generating a call to said function (it can inline it, even though C89 made no standard method of inlining a function). Or the function sin() if you include math.h (some CPUs support a single instruction for the sin function). Don't include string.h, and well ... what happens is up to the compiler. Most just give a warning about an undefined function, assume it's defined as "int unknownfunction()" and leave it up to the link phase to either find it or not.

Yes, there is a distinction between the C language, and the C library, but both must be provided if a C compiler wants to conform to the C Standard.
What is the shadow DOM in Safari and will it interfere with React JS?
The shadow dom support was removed back in May after the blink fork: https://www.webkit.org/blog/2455/last-week-in-webkit-million... these are just leftovers.
Lack of promotion. Most people don't know what is it. Possibly this will improve over time.

Also, why are you guys talking about Persona in past tense? sounds like you're dropping the project.
There is no relation between shadow dom and react.
"Her advice to Dropbox? “Founders are looking for ‘objective’ measures such as school ranking, GPAs, SAT scores, but fail to recognize that these are biased. Dropbox and other start-ups should pioneer new ways to identify people who can succeed on the core set of job responsibilities."

Yes, they're biased towards girls, who excel in school over boys from a young age.

"Indeed, the trend is getting worse. In 1985, 37 percent of computer science undergraduate degree recipients were women. By 2011 this proportion had dropped to 18 percent."

In 1985, the gender ratio in colleges was 1:1. Today, it is 3:2 in favor of women. So that means that not only did the percentage get chopped in half, but it did so completely against the larger trend.

The actual explanation can be found in the Norwegian Gender Paradox: the more men and women are free to choose their occupation, the more they choose stereotypical gender occupations. When men and women actually choose what they want to do, they don't choose equally.

To the great chagrin of feminists.
Sure, if you delete your email address before you've changed it on the site, you're screwed, but how do you log in with Facebook/Twitter/Google after you've deleted your Facebook/Twitter/Google account? You aren't just screwed, but there's no way to change login accounts at all, even if you go around to all of your sites beforehand.

Persona is better than the other centralized login systems in this respect, and is second only to username/password. Username/password can identify you after you've changed whatever you like, but it's not centralized, so we're comparing apples to oranges.
You're correct, by and large shadow dom "support" (unmaintained and behind a flag) was removed back in may: http://trac.webkit.org/changeset/150070 http://trac.webkit.org/changeset/150430 http://trac.webkit.org/changeset/150464
For those asking what Shadow DOM is all about,

http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/webcomponents/shadowd...
I have hard times explaining the added value of Persona over OpenID. It's just the privacy and even tech people don't see that as a point.

So I searched on Google, and this probably didn't help Mozilla: http://security.stackexchange.com/questions/5323/what-are-th...
> But 16 years ago, Japanese researchers discovered that these ephemeral flecks did indeed have mass, and not only that - they changed from one form, or flavour, to another as they travelled.

If the author changed "did indeed have mass, and not only that, they changed ..." to "did indeed have mass, and therefore they changed", it would more accurately represent the physics.

A massless particle cannot change in flight, because it's traveling at the speed of light and therefore doesn't experience time. No time, no possibility of change.

The real discovery sequence went like this: solar neutrinos were observed morphing from one neutrino type to another. On this basis it was realized that they experience time, and therefore were not traveling at the speed of light -- therefore they have mass.

The linked article tries to describe a neutrino's mass, its velocity and its ability to change types as unrelated, independent things. But they're interdependent.
They're just cleaning up some leftovers, shadow dom code was excised from webkit back in May after the blink fork. It was unused, unmaintained (the maintainer left with Blink) and did indeed amount to about 8.8mLOC.
I think they're spot-on with the idea that it needs to be integrated into sites rather than appearing as a separately branded popup.

I tried it out on a site I was building a couple months ago. Every time I had a non-"techie" user try it out, they got confused. What's this popup? What's Persona? What am I signing up for exactly? It was just bad UX.

That said, I think there's a very real need for what they're offering. I don't want to store passwords myself, even if they're hashed. I also don't want to re-implement forgotten usernames, passwords, reset emails, etc. It's a bother, I'd rather focus on my app rather than a solved problem like this, and to be honest I don't quite trust myself enough to get it 100% right.

So, I think it would be the best of both worlds to offer auth as an API rather than providing their own experience. As in, I could just call Persona.login("username", "password", ...) and get back an assertion. I really hope they go in this direction.
Even though the article started with saying it's stage 4 I kind of expected he would survive :(
Facebook totally called your relationship before it happened
No True Scotsman?

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2137411/Rasema-Handa...

Also I have had a couple of things from the video done to me by women. How should I feel about it?
> Can someone explain this?

They're finishing up the removal of unmaintained and essentially dead code which started after the Blink fork.

> Isn't Shadow DOM necessary?

To what?

> What is this 60fps on mobile intent and how it relates to Shadow DOM?

Shadow DOM requires hooks throughout the engine. If you remove the hooks (because nobody uses them because shadow dom is not supported) the engine is lighter and executes faster. Hence 60fps goal.
(secret) productivity tips for developers
Shadow DOM is a mechanism by which a browser can inject a subtree into the DOM, but it won't be visible to JS.

This was often used for things like custom elements (inputs and such). I presume it wasn't very popular to use the shadow dom in webkit.

Far as I recall, there's also talk about using the shadow dom for injecting foreign fragments into the DOM in a secure manner (web components). Although there's probably ways to achieve this without the full shadow dom.
Self-assessing How Agile You Are
I'm in the UK and we also have these same free public services. No matter how many ways an American explains it to me I cannot understand how their system can ever work better. In fact it seems barbaric to me. I think that in theory, in a perfect world, a completely free market or a libertarian society could work - but in reality it's never going to. The societies with the best standard of living in the world are ones like France that have social services that every one pays for through tax. I guess we have the added benefit in Europe that if we truly don't like our tax system and want a more private system based country we are free to move and work in any other EU country that meets our needs.
You can sell the source code for some one interested to take it up and develop further as a commercial product. Just OpenSourcing your code does not guarantee the success of the project.
I should probably emphasize that the above table is a representation of the index in memory before submitting to the database persistence function.
Pros And Cons of Virus Removal Programs
Learn how to use vim
fair enough -- i misunderstood your post. i consider "PhD turns their research into a startup" to be a great approach and completely antithetical to the lean startup model which says you do customer development first, not putz around in your lab for 5 years developing nascent tech.
In USA, we have legalized corruption to pay more for less:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Ignagni