skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
Fair Use is a four-part test. Chin has concluded that the book scanning project by Google meets all four parts of the fair-use test. You are taking a single-test discussed in the article ("Effect upon work's value") and assuming it's the only criteria. You can learn about the four-factors (which is judicial precedent) here: http://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/fair-use/four-factors/

The four tests are:

* "Purpose and character" - Your use of the work must be substantially different (transformative). Generally, it is considered that you must be adding some new expression to the work. From the Standford link above: "At issue is whether the material has been used to help create something new or merely copied verbatim into another work". Clearly any attempt at sharing files in their entirety (or near-entirety) for the purpose of distributing the original film would fall down on this test.

* "Nature of the Copyrighted Work" - This is basically an acknowledgement that you can't copyright facts. There's significantly more leeway to copy from something like the phone book than there is from fiction. Most of the time file-sharing copyrighted torrents without permission and Google Books are probably on similar grounds here.

* "Amount and Substantiality of the Portion Taken" - The less you take, the better off you are. Google Books is in an interesting position here in that they _take_ the entire work, but they only _make available_ very small sections of the original work. In the case of the torrents, someone is making available all (or most) of the original work. It's definitely going to fall down here.

* "Effect upon work's value" - Basically, does the use in question have a significant negative effect on the market where the original work is in use. In the Google Book's case Chin noted that it didn't seem to negatively impact the market that the books were being sold in. The MPAA and RIAA have argued in court successfully so far that distributing torrents leads to direct financial harm. I find some of their arguments suspect (or at least lacking evidence), but courts have generally been receptive to this argument. Courts will determine that torrents fall down on this test as well.

Finally, it should be noted that Fair Use is an "affirmative defense". That means you can't get a judge to dismiss a lawsuit by saying "Fair Use". You'll need to go to trial. And the burden will be on you to show that the use was "Fair Use". This will cost a small fortune. So, assuming arguendo, that this ruling did create a precedent that torrenting was fair use, it would still be strongly discouraged as you'd have to go to trial every time to show that it wasn't.
That driver didn't have a separate GPS device.
Lol first they force the damn thing on you and now they start randomly canceling account to force you to identify yourself.

That's not going to happen. The day they cancel my account is the day they can say goodby to all that lovely data they have on me since I'm not making another one.
From this I wonder if there are activities you can participate in that would improve this functionality? I wonder how it links into the idea of deja vu
Interested in Starting an Online Business But Don't Know Where to Start?
You mean the day 1.0 came out? Ha, not many - that's probably why the 6 projects/companies highlighted were fairly obscure - how about asking again in 6 months?
To be honest, I do act like a jerk when one of the following conditions are met:

a) The user has arbitrary bad orthography because the user believes "her writing looks cool".

b) The comment represents ignorance towards something that it's pretty easy to search, or the user has shown negligence/laziness towards researching.
Personally, I prefer paper books anyway. E-books don't provide the same experience.

Also, what Google provides is no different than what you get from going into a store and flipping through the book's pages. It's good for the consumer (to know what they're getting) and for the author. Paper book sales would likely be lower if they were all encased in plastic prior to sale...
It seems a bit pompous to say that we've set up electrons the same way and observed that they go in two different directions for no reason. You can't eliminate reasons that you don't know about.

Have you heard about the EPR paradox [1]? Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen believed there may have been "hidden variables" in the language of quantum mechanics which were not yet accounted for. These hidden variables, if discovered, would render quantum mechanics more deterministic.

This idea was essentially shattered by Bell's theorem [2]. The universe probably is not deterministic (at least in the sense we think about determinism). That's a hard pill to swallow, and it goes against all human intuition. But the majority of physicists do seem to accept this fact, however uncomfortable it might initially feel.

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPR_paradox

[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%27s_theorem
It sits underneath the first paragraph on smaller screens (I've since added an extra sentence at the beginning.) It was unintentionally confusing in this case.
(Course author here)
Thanks. We chose Python because it's a little more approachable for many people that Java, and is the language used in Udacity's Comp Sci 101 course. Also, using Hadoop Streaming saved us from having to explain a bunch of concepts such as WritableComparables, InputFormats etc that would just have got in the way of the basic MapReduce principles.
Since when is SF called "The City"?

There is only one "The City", and it ain't in North America.
Economics may not ever become a science. But is science becoming economics?
The author left out a detail? Does his account impersonate someone else? I think that's an important part of the conversation, even if the messaging is presumptive.
Yeah, I went a bit overboard with this style in my first go package as well (http://github.com/melvinmt/gt) but now I just follow the convention that only variables that are defined in the function signature should have a single letter. Because due to the explicit type hinting, if you use elaborate variable names, you often end up with redundant naming like:

database *Database.

So

db *Database

looks a bit nicer in my opinion while it's still very clear what it is.
Apple Under Investigation for $1.3 Billion Italian Tax Fraud
R's data science tools are mostly native.
The Missing Startup Design Pattern
jQuery 2 is ie9+ too fyi
I'm working through this course (and took the earlier sister course Computation for Data Analysis with R). It's quite good so far. They stay away from the "big" part and focus on the core of data analysis: how to find data, clean it up, explore it, find relationships and present your findings. We are using R, which is suitable for most data sizes. It's offered by Johns Hopkins, and has more of an academic bent than an industry one. Great general purpose knowledge that I think you would want before you start messing around with Hadoop.
Everything wrong with designer portfolios in one image.
It's less crazy than you might think. A US passport is a form of legal, government-issued photo ID. It's a proof of identity.

You might expect a driver's license, but keep in mind that some people may prefer to provide:

- state ID card
- state-issued driver's license
- US passport

Only one of those is proof that you're allowed to _drive_, but I'm pretty sure you can use any of those to prove identity.
I'd be happy enough if they were only allowed to do that for out-of-print books. If you've pursued an interest in nearly any area of history, you'll know that there are tons of books that are still in copyright but quite difficult to find.
Thanks. Quick and dirty is the key. And Airbrake is great for failures, but does it support uptime monitoring like Dead Man's Snitch does?
I'm just jaded, you can ignore me :)
>Plenty of new construction is taking place in SF

You've got to be kidding me.

This is what "plenty of new construction" looks like: http://rwrant.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/S%C3%A3o-Paul...

Sure, it's ugly. Sure, you don't want SF to look like that. But don't try to pretend that SF is addressing the issue.
It's interesting to see this launch just days after Heroku Postgres 2.0 (https://postgres.heroku.com/blog/past/2013/11/11/heroku_post...). I would like to see a thorough comparison.
Usually, whether something benefits the public is a policy question for the legislature, not a decision for the courts to make. OTOH, many specific laws include public interest considerations that require courts to make determination of at least some aspect of public interest to apply the law.
I say it all the time; it gives folks the chance to show off, educate all of us. Its a conversational ploy that's useful even when you DO know.

Pointless to argue sex bias; who cares? It happens all the time that we feel our ignorance is on display. I revel in it, ask questions, find out if the other guy really knows what they're talking about.
>involves naming things as tersely as possible.

No it doesn't. It involves naming things appropriately. If you have a 4 line function that does something with a string, that string argument should be named "s". You aren't making it clearer by giving it a longer name. The length of a variable name is proportional to its scope.
> the "now" on planets across the galaxy is going back and forth by thousands or millions of years."

I think you are misinterpreting something. If this were true, you would be able to observe a supernova and play it back in time by simply shifting your nose (or camera) around. Which is evidently not true.
The basic foundation of the law permits limited copying of books for "fair use". When you went to college or school and did a book report, and quoted material from an encyclopedia in the library, did you pay the author? Have you ever used a scanner or Xerox machine to copy a page from a book? Did you pay for it?

Fair use is the foundation of society.

Are you aware that millions of manuscripts, books, and articles sit decaying in library basements around the world, because the authors are dead, or the publishing company is, and no one has the rights to reprint them or can track down who owns them? There is a giant black hole opening up in our culture due to obsessive and onerous copyright, and potentially valuable works are not findable, and may be lost forever because the libraries can't afford to preserve them digitally, or legally aren't allowed to.

This chart says it all:
http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2012/03/30/infinite_copy...

Digitally archiving and indexing the world's books is of enormous value to our society, and such action deprives no one of money from selling books, that's a ridiculous scare tactic, akin to wanting to be paid for someone displaying the book jacket or table of contents of your book.
Wait, how did you figure this out? I worry about having some sort of chronic infection..
>>Also, what Google provides is no different than what you get from going into a store and flipping through the book's pages

Besides a few hours of time that you'd lose in going to the bookstore, searching for the book you may never find, and flipping through the book?
Idea: Apply before you plan your vacation, then extend you stay when they fly you out to interview. Free flights!
> I'm not sure what you mean by this

I meant circumvention. I paid for it, they're not taking it back.
What if 100 person independently loaded one page of a 100 page book?

The full work is available, but no individual can be blamed with infringement under your interpretation.</devils_advocate>
I agree with you that paper books are more a pleasure to read than e-books, but the case wasn't about that. It was for preserving books and giving customers more choices. I think the decision is a good one.
Einstein would turn in his grave. Not only does God play dice, the dice are loaded. Chairman Sheng-ji Yang
Great to hear! Looking forward to giving Dart and AngularDart a go.
The on-the-go mobile app maker for dummies (html5 magic)
Yeah, but think about the effect on the work's value.
The idea is cool. I wish there was a middle ground between 1 snitch for free, and unlimited snitches for $20/month.

How many snitches should I get for $1/month, say ?
no, but I dont care if it's up as long as its not down :)

which, of course, leaves me hanging if the job queue is just not running, but thats monitored with runit which will issue an error if the service fails to start.
This fits in with my use pattern:

1. See an article I want to read on HN. Upvote it, open link and HN thread in new tabs, scan the rest of the page for other articles.

2. Eventually read the article.

3. Read the HN page related to the article. Cogitate. Develop insightful comment.

With other interruptions, all that could easily take 30-40 mins.
What ever the opposite of 'turning over' that's what Aaron Swartz is doing right now..
From the article:

The court also found that interpreting a safety exemption to “encompass possible harm to anyone anywhere in the United States within the blast radius of a hypothetical unexploded bomb also flies in the face of repeated Supreme Court direction to read FOIA exemptions narrowly.”

Sometimes judges don't do so bad...
It gives you to buy books or search for books.

What's wrong with it?
> Marc Andreessen, an investor in TipMobile, summed up our situation this way: “There’s very little difference between being early, late, or just plain wrong.” While that may sound harsh, I think there is some wisdom encoded into that view of the world. Markets can be fickle, after all, and so if a market shifts on you and leaves your current product out of fit, then it’s your responsibility as an entrepreneur to adapt to the new conditions and tailor your company to survive in whatever environment you find yourself in.

Yes, yes, yes. I can't emphasize this enough. Too often we glorify these startup "unicorns" for their apparent innate "ability" to time the market. The latter part of this statement is the secret sauce.
Research institutions like the MIT Povery Action Lab try to make economics research as experimentally rigorous as other research -- but I think even this fails to make economics a true science. Economics is concerned principally with correlations that have no reason to be universally and timelessly true-- just a snapshot of current (and transient) social phenomenon and the corresponding correlations within that snapshot. Correlations (and policy efficacies) that are found fundamentally rest on shifting psychological, social, cultural, and political trends. Physics, on the other hand, even in correlative experiments aims to find relationships that are timelessly and fundamentally true-- and provide the foundation for other scientists to discover what those fundamental truths are that drive this correlation. Such truths don't exist in economics.
Made by ex-Nokians, the first Jolla phone will go on sale this month
Spot checking the first Hunger Games book on Google, it only displays the first 50 pages or so.
Regarding EEG, that's what we're working on at Three Pound. We're providing tools for mindfulness based stress reduction paired with consumer EEG devices like the NeuroSky Mindwave Mobile http://threepound.com
> Its not like Google requires an ID to create an account.

5 out of 7 times I've tried to create a Google accounts over the last years I was asked for a mobile number (that an SMS was to be sent to) before I could register. Given that a huge chunk of android users synchronizes their address books with google my mobile number is effectively as good as my ID.

Unfortunately those 3 times I actually needed the account I was trying to create all required my phone number, so they are all tied to my real name (and address and birthday, etc.).
Meet Coin (YC W13), a startup creating a universal credit card
"How much do you make now?"
I hope you are right but I have my doubts. I am a Lebanese who’s trying to Love Lebanon.
The Lebanese ability to innovate is motivated by personal gains regardless of (and sometimes at the expense of) the benefit to the country as a whole. And that’s because there has rarely been a sense of unity in this country since its inception by the west (even during the so called “Paris of the middle east” era). The first mention of the term Lebanese in books was in the 40’s according to Ngram viewer. http://goo.gl/6T8jhp. Before that the area was comprised of diverse clans and tribes loosely held together by the Ottoman Empire.
I doubt that Lebanese from diverse backgrounds would have been able to do anything useful before fighting each other on who’s the boss!!
BTW the university and guys mentioned in the article are of Armenian origins.
Gentrification is a bitch. If you develop, it makes it worse, but if you don't develop, it makes it even worse.
How long ago was your experience? IIRC, they've been cracking down on this in more recent times. I guess it's possible that these crack-downs are temporary or regional though.
Show HN: Ansilove.js - Render ANSi art and animated ANSi art in the browser
I appreciate the post addresses the fears in admitting you don't know about something, but I also think it's fair to attack the validity of the question itself assuming the original question was asked in a similar way to how it was presented.

> Sass’s new placeholder syntax is pretty great, isn’t it?

This question could be considered a leading question, especially when considering the context: I don't write CSS at all, and never have heard of it - why are you assuming I know what it is?
I regularly write CSS, but don't know how to use Saas - why are you assuming I use Saas and find it useful? I've used Saas in the past, find it confusing, and have decided to stick to CSS - why are you assuming a tool you use is a tool I should also want use and like?

Just ask the question in a way that doesn't make assumptions!
Anyone have a link to a scientific economic paper?
I don't want to go back to a world where I can't carry my entire book library (3K+ books) on a Kindle with me.
That's why companies are opening offices in NYC..it's actually become cheaper in parts of NY than SF.
To be honest, with out-of-print books I don't care about copyright and I just simply photocopy them, if the publisher wants my money they should reprint the books or release them digitally.

IMHO the copyright should get voided when the work gets out of circulation, but copyright will be extended as long as required to prevent Mickey Mouse to join the public domain...
They already have that. You might have heard of it, it's called "the web". :)

But seriously, the FSF or somebody needs to work on the problems Youtube and Facebook solve, but urgently. When posting things on your own website and sharing it with your friends becomes as easy as updating your facebook status, much disruption will ensue.

It just doesn't seem like it should be that hard. A fancy UI on top of email and an easy homepage creator is all it would take, right? Opt-in advertising could give people a choice whether to display ads or pay for hosting.

Couldn't web hosting companies make a lot of money and compete with Facebook and Google if they innovated this way? Because, basically, that's what Facebook is selling. Hosting+fancy UI. I must be missing something because nobody seems to be doing this.
They definitely intended it this way from the start:

September 2011: "Until now, every single Google property acted like a separate company. Due to the way we grew, through various acquisitions and the fierce independence of each division within Google, each product sort of veered off in its own direction. That was dizzying. But Google+ is Google itself. We’re extending it across all that we do—search, ads, Chrome, Android, Maps, YouTube—so that each of those services contributes to our understanding of who you are." http://www.wired.com/magazine/2011/09/ff_google_horowitz/2/

October 2011: "The strategy is revealed in the name," Gundotra agreed. "We chose the smallest modifier we could. Just a plus." But the shift it represents is not small. Plus is now a social layer built into all Google's Web products." http://readwrite.com/2011/10/19/sergey_brin_vic_gundotra_on_...

March 2012: “This is just the next version of Google,” Mr. Gundotra said, noting that he sees Google Plus as a social blanket that envelopes the entire Google experience. “Everything is being upgraded. We already have users. We’re now upgrading them to what we consider Google 2.0.”
http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/06/google-defending-go...

Doesn't get any clearer than that. People just assumed it was spin at the time so focused on the FB-aspect of it. Instead turns out they actually meant every word, and things are finally on track as far as they're concerned.

The only cure if you disagree with the vision is to stop using Google products altogether.
I don't have a problem with doing this in general. I just have a problem with a company who's sole purpose is to make profit doing it.

If a non-profit organisation like Wikipedia started doing this, it'd be fine by me. Because they'd actually do it for the purpose of free information and not so they can just slap ads on it.
remote Ph.D. is a bad idea; the Ph.D. experience is isolating enough as-is, and pushing it remotely will exacerbate those problems. plus, innovation often happens in serendipitous in-person encounters in the hallway, lounge, and lab with students, professors, and research staff incidentally bumping into one another. see:

http://www.amazon.com/Where-Good-Ideas-Come-From/dp/15944853...
The same argument applies to someone who read the book in question, wrote a blog post summary of it, and quoted the most useful or valuable sections. If your entire book can be summarized by a few pages, you've got worse problems.

It's like arguing that a movie trailer gave away the best parts of the movie, so you have no need to watch the movie.
> Actually, it's $14,000.

Where from? Using the official storefronts it's £14000 in the UK (~$22000), 21500€ in Belgium and Spain, 20780€ in Austria, 21850€ in Italy and 20600€ in Germany.

The one country where it's significantly lower is France where it's 14500€... including a 6300€ "ecological rebate" from the government (for vehicles under 20g CO2/km)
The Secret Little Tools Apple Uses To Repair The iPhone 5s
Eight years for the process. That legal systems seems thoroughly broken.
Show HN : Find Out If Your Outgoing Email Messages Leak Your IP Address
Coin » Use One Coin for All of Your Cards
That creates a somewhat artificial boundary between libraries and consumers.

I write plenty of code at all layers that would benefit from being able to accept code as an argument. If I want a private helper method that takes some code as an argument, do I have to create and name a function interface just for that?

Yes, Javascript's anonymous function syntax is needlessly verbose, but that's trivially fixed and will be in future versions. Changing Java to not need a function interface is a much bigger challenge that I'm willing to bet won't come about for a long time, and is going to be a source of frustration for lots of people as they realise how useful cheap anonymous functions can be.
remote software development is very challenging, and when it works well, it's due to super-clear specs and project management. by its very nature, research isn't as amenable to crystal-clear specs.
I think that the 'simple monthly calculator' hasn't yet included PostgreSQL instances?