skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
The question posed by colanderman's expression is valid if and only if there is a type containing both 5 and "foo".

Here's Haskell's answer:

Prelude> \ a b -> a == b && b == 5 && a == "foo"

<interactive>:2:25:
No instance for (Num [Char]) arising from the literal `5'
Possible fix: add an instance declaration for (Num [Char])
In the second argument of `(==)', namely `5'
In the first argument of `(&&)', namely `b == 5'
In the second argument of `(&&)', namely `b == 5 && a == "foo"'

Here, the typechecker took the most general type of 5, namely some type belonging to the Num typeclass, and discovered that the type of "foo", which is [Char], isn't an instance of the Num typeclass, or, in Java parlance, doesn't implement the Num interface. This means there is no type containing both 5 and "foo", hence — type error.

You're asking about implicit conversions, which are an undisputable evil. However, attempting to provide answers to invalid questions also isn't very good.

You may have already seen the rather entertaining Wat talk, by Gary Bernhardt: https://www.destroyallsoftware.com/talks/wat

The central theme of this talk is not just implicit conversions — it's surprising answers to invalid questions. A much better way to handle an invalid question is to reject it as early as possible — Fail Fast. With a static type system, this can be very early indeed.
US citizens living abroad are able to avail themselves of services through embassies and consulates for ordinary problems and call upon the USMC etc. for assistance with extraordinary ones.
What were the most ridiculous startup ideas that eventually became successful?
As is common, Joel said it all back in 2000:

“Whaddaya Mean, You Can't Find Programmers?”
http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/fog0000000050.html
So the US has no concept of tax residency?
Bit late for that don't you think :) The Europeans (like the rest of the world), probably don't care much for lisp these days.
I found a bug: http://i.imgur.com/AvcOQXE.png

(I wasn't trying to be snarky by using imgur - it's just that you guys don't allow paste from clipboard yet and I'm on linux)
another interesting question is how to find the good candidates. We use the usual ways: personal connections, head hunting agencies etc.
we have also started to target top talents on meetup groups, hackathons & local technical bloggers.

If you have another creative & efficient way to find candidates please share.
Whoa, whoa, US can tell other countries' financial institutions to report to IRS "or else"?

I think the world should be shelling DC, I mean, forget Iran and Syria, right?
Check their previous checkout page:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4592827

Maybe they engineered their checkout page to be less deceptive since last year, but the number of victims are still increasing:

http://www.sitejabber.com/reviews/www.justfab.com

http://www.scambook.com/company/view/146/JustFabcom

http://www.consumeraffairs.com/online/justfab.html
Buffett Family Values: How To Raise Well-Grounded Heirs
Why would you care about the difference between 8 days and 10?
I've never heard of this site before, but looking at their page 'How it works', it seems clear it me it's a shoe-of-the-month club, and works similar to things like Disney Movie club, Harry and David Fruit of the month club, or one of various Book Clubs.

The only scummy part would be if they still charge $39.99/month if you don't cancel / skip / select a shoe, without sending you anything. Compare to Disney Movie of the month club where if you don't make a selection or skip that month, you get sent the "Featured" title for that month. Maybe justfab should send you the shoe of the month if you don't make a selection, or maybe they should send a "beauty gift basket".

Otherwise, it looks legit, if you like this sort of thing.
Payment of one's taxes is not the same as, or equivalent to, indentured servitude. Or slavery.
Replying before reading the article just wastes everyone's time.

PS - The answers to all of these questions is contained within the article.
Congratulations then.

Seriously, I've seen plenty of bugs found in database transaction mechanisms, and I've never seen a database pull claims of, "transactional integrity". I can't even imagine that getting through the product team in a couple of days.
It's a diplomatic issue what countries report to each other. And your suggestion is mass murder?
Check out their previous checkout page:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4592827
Theres an app for that.
They have engineered their checkout page to be less deceptive. This is their previous page:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4592827
No, but it is extortion
Taxation is not theft, it is lawful. The developed world is founded on taxes.
It does. However, in principle all US citizens are obligated to pay US taxes no matter where their residence or tax residence may be. There are a couple ways to be credited for tax paid abroad.
Well, they are either very competetive or extremely hard to solve. Think cancer.

Have you seen the price of cancer drugs?
That's exactly what they're doing. It's a lie of omission regarding the execs' price sensitivity.
Yeah, photon "molecules" and coming close to QUANTUM COMPUTING is far more awesome than coming close to light sabers (as if you'd get to use them even after they are invented)
Well, now you agree Iraq invasion was a mass murder?

Once USA extort money going from country A to country B for failing to comply, it's no longer a diplomatic issue, that's an international crime. And it was from the day one - USA threatening financial institutions in other countries, giving orders to them directly, that's audaceous.
Not equivalent to, but certainly shares similar characteristics through coerced surrender of the fruits of one's labor.
RTI Showcases T3x Touchscreen Controller &amp; More
I actually interviewed for a contractor position at a place last year which was on HN who's hiring. It's a big place and had a good team but they offered well below market rates. I pushed on this an they came up a little (nowhere near enough to entertain). Instead I was greated with an offer to make it up via overtime. I believe the phase was something along the lines of "there's no shortage of work and we don't cap the number of hours you can work per day". I really liked the guys but I thought that was totally disrespectful of my time.
There are multiple issues here, and maybe one real but complicated solution besides getting rid of US Citizenship:

US Citizens are taxed on their income by the US regardless of where it was sourced and regardless of where they live. There are exclusions for foreign earned income up $97,600 in 2013 [1], but that does not exempt you from FILING the 1040 and whatever else.

In addition the US has tax treaties [2] with various countries that dictate who gets first right to tax, based on various criteria. Remember treaties trump internal law.

None of these exempt you from filing a return, even if you owe no tax to Uncle Sam.

Then there's the FBAR[3], which is actually a US FinCen form that is administered by the IRS and must be filed by June 30 of each year. It's for people who either have or maintain "signature authority" on bank accounts with a combined value of over $10,000 in the previous year.

Finally there is now FATCA [4], which imposes new reporting requirements on both US persons and Banks. If you live overseas the amount required to report is quite high, but it's still more reporting. For banks it's a royal PIA and many banks will not turn you away if you are a US Citizen (this is anecdotal, I Don't have numbers).

The problem is that the affected parties, US Citizens living abroad, have no real franchise in congress. That's because you vote in Federal Elections based on your last state of residence, which means that your Senator could care less about you.

The solution: We need about 300,000 expats to move back to Wyoming for a while. Once they decide that they no longer like Wyoming and want to move back overseas, they will vote in Federal elections in Wyoming. The expats will then have a voice in congress and be able to have some influence..

[1].http://www.irs.gov/Individuals/International-Taxpayers/Forei...
[2]http://www.irs.gov/Businesses/International-Businesses/Unite...
[3]http://www.irs.gov/Businesses/Small-Businesses-&-Self-Employ...
Their "how it works" page explains this, with far fewer than "2500 words", though it could be clearer.

http://www.justfab.com/how-justfab-works.htm

They have 2 million likes on Facebook. Were all these users scammed?

The "monthly subscription" has recently been a hot e-commerce category. Other sites with a similar model are shoedazzle.com, fabkids.com, musthave.popsugar.com and so on. See: http://www.quora.com/E-Commerce/What-are-the-most-interestin...

So a question is, what's the tradeoff between transparency & making it easy for the customer to cancel at any time, versus locking them in? Lots of businesses make money off of customer inertia where the easy path is to keep paying. Netflix, Tivo, your cable service, phone service, could all plausibly have much worse retention rates if they actively asked you each month if you want to continue paying. Additionally, my cable company certainly isn't going to tell me when my one-year promotional rate is expired and my rate suddenly doubles. Does that make cable service a scam?

Beyond that, you are labeling the business a "scam" because you assert they are hiding the recurring payments from their users. Maybe so, but it would help to have data, rather than "wondering" how many users were unaware of the payments. When they become aware, does the company refund their money? Do they a/b test their signup process to optimize signups versus the later cancellation rate? I would certainly expect they do, and that they have a pretty specific idea of what their dissatistfied customer rate is, what the acceptable (non-zero) rate is for them, and how to avoid skyrocketing it while increasing their signups.

It's not a pretty business on those terms, but it's real, and plays on human behavior, both positive -- people like to receive new stuff in the mail every month, it's an addictive cycle for many -- and negative -- people sign up for stuff online without reading the fine print, or bothering to check their credit card statements.
Do you still have to file US taxes though? Say you make $60K in Germany, well under the deductible, and do not file US taxes for 10 years.

Is there a penalty just for not filing? penalties can cripple you.
I read the article. It talks about Facta and then tries to link it to people complaining about how expensive it is to file tax returns, but the two aren't linked unless you weren't reporting your real income. Americans have always had to file taxes while living abroad. The tax laws have been extremely complicated for decades. Facta isn't changing that.

FTA:

"Fatca provisions impose no new obligations on US citizens living abroad... US taxpayers, including US citizens living abroad, are required to comply with US tax laws," he says​.

No, this sounds more like people who might have fudged some numbers now worrying that the IRS is going to find out and realizing that their citizenship isn't worth the yearly bill.
A manager who is demanding high hours is not going to be refraining from piling on the distractions and obligations, because pushing out those competing demands are exactly why they demand the hours.
Intel makes significant investment in Google Glass & Meta competitor
OS X 10.8.5 update breaks Skype, G+ Hangout on mid-2013 Macbook Airs
I never got through all the pop ups to actually read the paper.
Pretty sure EA games closed up shop in Vancouver. Median salary is $70k for a developer here, usually less for junior devs. Keep in mind you'll be paying at least $15k income taxes so now your salary is $55,000.
Where is that? I never heard of such a law existed.
You're looking for it. If you instead were simply looking to buy a pair of shoes you would not be expecting anything at all like that. And you'd probably miss it.

It's important to note that the terms are not listed on the page where you enter your credit card information. They're listed on the "Shopping Bag" page which is 3 pages prior in the checkout process. There is nothing to fill out on the "Shopping Bag" page. The only action the user can take is to click the "Continue Checkout" button. Most users, myself included, would just quickly click through such a page.

When you go to actually submit your order you have to confirm "I accept the terms of Just Fab VIP Membership Program", but it's pretty common to have to accept terms when filling out forms online and pretty uncommon that anyone clicks the link to read them.

This is pretty insidious behavior on JustFab's part. It might be legal but it's definitely not moral.
If you want to live abroad and pay no US taxes, shouldn't one also give up rights to any entitlement services from the US government during that period? Otherwise, US tax payers are subsidizing free riders. If I'm a US citizen, but spend my whole life working in another country, should I be entitled to draw social security checks from the US? This would seem to create a moral hazard, as if you could find a tax shelter jurisdiction, you could work there, pay little to no taxes, and still cost the US government to support you.
They really don't get altruism at all, do they? The 'myth' of altruism? What is mythical about it? If they really want to understand it, they should try practicing it. Perhaps if they would write a few less papers and help out a few more poor people in their newly-found spare time, they might actually start to understand it.
It does not seem to work. This includes your cnn.com example. Your home page is displayed instead.
And war isn't murdering people?

Just because something has the backing of a government doesn't change the definition of words.

You can argue who is the owner of the money being taxed, but you can't say something is or isn't because it's lawful.
Court upholds need for export permits for risky flu research
What you find is that the interview process is hunky dory and everybody's all "yeah, cool!", then when you sign on for a salary they try to squeeze all the time out of that fixed rate that they can. It's like feature creep when quoting a project rate in freelancing.
Are you trying to say that US citizens abroad are paying for the services of their embassy? That's crazy. Every expat citizen from any country is offered help from their home country's embassy, and they do it without citizen-based taxation.

I could walk into the British consulate in San Francisco tomorrow and expect help, and I haven't paid taxes in the UK for 5 years now.
This doesn't make sense to me. If you give up your citizenship, then presumably you have citizenship elsewhere, so why not just open a bank account under your foreign citizenship? How is the bank to know?

Yeah, just open a secret Swiss account, who will know.
I had this problem when I switched jobs... so I built the tools I needed from my last job (roughly from memory) fixing the things that had annoyed me.
A quick count from these three websites showed several hundreds customers have fallen victims:

http://www.sitejabber.com/reviews/www.justfab.com

http://www.scambook.com/company/view/146/JustFabcom

http://www.consumeraffairs.com/online/justfab.html

If you google "justfab review" or "justfab scam" or "justfab fraud", there are surely many more.
So, to summarize, if you want to publish your research in the Netherlands and some bureaucrat decides that it is risky (without a shred of understanding of the subject matter apparently) they can stop your research from being published.

Ashamed of the country I live in today.
Do you have any examples of specific laws that are in direct conflict with laws other places?
Living inside the state, you wouldn't have those fruits if it weren't for the state. Living outside of the state, tribute of fruits is the fee for belonging to the state. If someone were truly being forced to pay US taxes, they wouldn't be able to renounce their citizenship while living outside of the state. And inside the state, it's like complaining that your parents insist you buy your brother a present with your allowance, or better yet, the money you earned mowing the front lawn. The reason the US economy is so deep and liquid is because the US state is so powerful, and to stay powerful it needs to collect taxes.
It said that people were not so worried about making sure their tax return was exactly correct. Now they are, so you need to hire better tax lawyers than you did before.

I take exception to your characterization of "fudging numbers". We all fudge the numbers of our tax returns, even when filing in the US. How many people really do anything but use TurboTax and hope for the best? I know I do. I can't possibly know everything about US tax law. I hope TurboTax does, but I have no guarantee, and it's my ass on the line if it screws up. I see no difference between that and the expats mentioned in the article, except the help they have to buy in is far more expensive.
Oh for god's sakes, did you even look at the site you just linked to? A site that gathers negative reviews to get companies to pay them>

Did you read Amazon's review -- 1 out of 5 stars with 690 reviews, worse than JustFab's?
http://www.consumeraffairs.com/online/amazon.html

I'm sure you'll enjoy 1SaleADay, with 5000 reviews and a 4 star rating!
http://www.consumeraffairs.com/online/1saleaday.html
I was, obviously, saying the very opposite, i.e. that what you are describing is an inherent flaw of democracy, and that some discrimination is just more obvious for cultural reasons. Usually, institutions like the supreme court save the day in the worst cases, but when this control fails, like with the popular votes in Switzerland on Voting rights for women, democracies can be quite barbaric.
When you compare that small extra fee to the "color figure fee" (for Science, I think it's ~$700 for the first +$200 per figure thereafter), the difference starts to become negligible compared to just publishing in an OA journal.
There seem to be a few Lisp conferences in Europe

http://weitz.de/eclm2013/
http://quasiconf.twoticketsplease.de/
http://www-sop.inria.fr/members/Manuel.Serrano/conferences/e...
But why would anyone ever look at the "How it works" page? Even if a link to the page were prominently featured on the site (it's not - it's only in the footer), how often do you wonder how a shoe store works?

People go to JustFab to buy a pair of shoes, not to join a shoe of the month club. Check out their front page. It looks like a online shoe store. It doesn't mention the VIP program at all. That's tossed in during the checkout process and it's pretty easy to miss the fact that you're buying more than a pair of shoes.
You mean ACM programming competitions. I believe Shanghai Jiaotong university often comes out #1 in those competitions, and no one is claiming that they are at the top of the computer science program rankings.
Been wanting this for a long time but didn't know of a free vendor and didn't seem worth paying for (just for my personal use)... now I got it working on everything but OSX, it just does not seem to want to accept the cert.
It became so complicated to do her tax return that she turned to professionals, at an annual cost of nearly $2,000 (£1,250), with the prospect of Fatca raising the price to $5,000. Also, fewer tax lawyers were taking on American clients, she says, and some banks were even turning away American money.

I don't see any mention of tax-dodging in the paragraph above. Which part of paying $2000 (and maybe soon $5000) to file taxes, and banks turning away American customers, don't you understand?
As you allude, that practice is unsustainable. These points are even supported by science:

http://devopsangle.com/2012/04/18/what-research-says-about-w...
Google Celebrates its 15th Birthday with a Piñata Game Doodle • vlogg.com
have you encountered avm routers like fritz.boxes? they are fantastic and easy.
Are you paying by the hour?
Not the OP - but I did take a look at that page, and I do find it misleading.

The "checkout as a regular member" is in a small font on the sidebar, while the main CTA is big, bold and defaults to the VIP program.

The part where you're told about the monthly fee is in the last sentence of the sidebar. I had to practically hunt it to find it - for most people shopping online this will be oblivious.

By giving the screenshot - atleast to me, you have proved without doubt that the site is indeed misleading.

[Edit: grammar]
One thing not mentioned in the article, "Renunciation of U.S. citizenship was free until July 2010, at which time a fee of $450 was established."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renunciation_of_citizenship#Uni...
I think the big difference is that each of your examples are clearly marked as X of the month clubs. You know what you're buying. With JustFab, you don't. You think you're buying a pair of shoes.
Which browser? I'm on Linux and you can paste URLs on Chromium. Not on Firefox. Pasting images is half done.
17) Machines increasingly produce items in a cheaper, safer, and more robust way than people

18) In time there will be nothing worth paying a person for that a machine can't do cheaper or better

19a) People will need to work less and less as a result, and are free to pursue hobbies, be creative, enjoy nature, socialize more, and be less stressed and overall healthier as a result (if the benefits of distributed efficiency are evenly distributed)

19b) People will go hungry and homeless due to not having a source of income because of a system set in place by ignorant voters scared of socialism and communism

20) Utopia or dystopia? We choose
I wasn't trying to roadmap a solution, merely highlight the excellence of the example. However, I'll bite. I believe states are essentially post-WWI (ie. passport era) anachronisms largely propped up through the UN and ISO who prevent new states from succeeding. I believe that any group should have the full right to succeed from the existing state at any time without any hard to obtain consent thereof. I also believe that geographical proximity to a state, for instance at birth, should not endanger one's capacity to travel beyond its borders or seek meaningful membership of other social groups providing competing avenues of service to its members. Critically, they should also have the ability to use any form of currency they see fit, and thus to subvert poorly performing governments by replacing present-era state mandated taxation systems with alternatives that may be more responsive to local conditions in terms of service provision and social priorities. Obviously, such changes will require significant re-organization within market and supply systems, however I also believe that owing to technological change we are entering an era in which such a direction, despite its complex and untested nature, is becoming more feasible.
Maybe you should consider whether geographical location is your primary concern if you're having a hard time finding people.

I'm completely baffled why so many companies that work in completely digital industries demand asses in seats.
This is their previous checkout page:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4592827
I had eye muscle surgery when I was younger, and while I enjoyed stereopsis for a brief period afterwards, it soon disappeared. I bought an Oculus DK partly with the thought of trying to code up various eye exercises.

I read somewhere about a Tetris game where the fixed blocks are in one eye and the falling block in another, forcing you to integrate both fields. I really have no idea if this will help, but I think it would be fun to try.