skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I am not familiar enough with the Incan economy specifically to say whether this lack of internal markets claim is accurate. I do know that the Inca would not have to "invent" markets because there were preexisting markets in the Andean region. In "Native Lords of Quito in the Age of the Incas: The Political Economy of North Andean Chiefdoms" Frank Salomon describes pre-Incan trade in the region surrounding Quito. http://www.amazon.com/Native-Lords-Quito-Age-Incas/dp/052104...

They would also have been familiar with the primitive currency used by the groups they conquered. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axe-monies

Granted, this was in the most recently conquered area of Incan expansion. The blood had hardly dried before the Spanish came but the subjects of the Inca would have been familiar with these concepts.

I also think that it wrong to talk about the descendants of these people as though they don't exist any more. Indigenous culture is quite strong and in the Andes. There was a change in power but it wasn't like turning out a light switch. Even the Inca, themselves, (who were really just a noble class) were able to self identify and organize a rebellion in the late 1700's, 200 years after the initial conquest.
Ask HN: Who's doing cutting-edge front-end development these days?
I'm looking for people who are on the cutting edge of front-end app development in the browser (especially mobile). I just finished up a year-long development project and I'm looking to start working on the next big thing.

I co-designed the app framework currently used by Apple at https://www.icloud.com. More recently, I created Blossom, an iOS-style mobile app framework (https://github.com/erichocean/blossom). (A massively updated version of that was used on the project I just finished up.)

If you know where the action is today, ping me at erich.ocean@me.com or let me know in the comments. I'm eager to do something kick ass.

Thanks! Erich Ocean
OT: That movie has so much violence I couldn't watch it all and it made me cry. Then you Americans wonder why there's so much crime in your country.
There's a fascinating discussion of this on stackoverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1525521/nth-fibonacci-num...

If you want an exact value for a particular Fibonacci number, it will take at least O(n) time regardless of the algorithm used because a Fibonacci number 'n' has O(n) digits, and it will take O(n) time to clear and set the memory for that number. In any case, there is no O(1) algorithm. There is an O(ln n) algorithm for small 'n' for which the result will fit within the processor's native data types.

I had not thought that Fibonacci numbers increased quite that rapidly, but after thinking about it, it makes sense.
If you need some motivation, consider: originally, I opted out for the same privacy concerns you cite. However, in the last couple of years, I have started wearing a medical device that has not been rated to pass through the backscatter machines. So now I opt-out because of both choice and necessity. If all the good people choosing to opt-out stop doing so, it will be an even bigger headache every time someone with a medical device is forced to opt-out-- there will be no staff assigned to the screens, no stable protocol, etc. So opt out! If not for your sake or the sake of American values, for the sake of those of us with chronic diseases that don't play nicely with imaging machines!
Does anyone know what has been PG's ROI on his investments is, for all we know it could be below industry standard.

Also, by PG's own words he only invests in the relentlessly resourceful. What do they need PG and later round VC's for? I always get the feeling with PG that something hidden is at play, he's a really really clever guy. There's a sucker getting played when he's around. (For example, Zuckerburg is not as smart as PG keeps enthusing, there's a lot smarter guys than him, so I think he's got some sell YC companies to Facebook flow going on. Another, Andrew Mason is just a terrible business guy - why is PG linking with him - probably experience at knowing how to keep investors from realizing what's actually happening).
I think you're right, but with two caveats. First, students with shockingly blue blood tend to keep company with other upper-crusters, frequently in exclusive fraternities or sororities that seek to carve out new depths of exclusivity in an already exclusive environment. This makes them less obviously evident than people expect. Second, I would caution that you, too, are more likely the exception to the rule. The unfortunate fact is that most kids who get into prestigious schools have had the benefit of extensive preparation while the students who lack this preparation have very poor chances. Sometimes you can outwit the test with a massive intellect or a knack for test-taking, but those sometimes are seldom. I salute your seldomness, although a bit sadly. :)
Obviously you've never driven a Porsche.

Except perhaps for the very bottom of Porsche's product lines, the Tesla isn't even close.

Tesla is for geeks and treehuggers - but anyone into cars takes a quick look and then laughs - it's definitely not a gearheads ride in any way shape or form.
Because it's their subreddit and they can do what they like? Maybe they didn't consider it worthy to be called "world news". Maybe they saw his denials, realised it's a false story and deleted for that reason. Or maybe they did it to protect him, which would be wrong, but doesn't mean he is "guilty" of consulting for them.
In this case, I ran up against the 80 character limit. I do confess that when trimming it down, I went for more the more sensationalist way of editing. I think the mods changing it from "Guns don’t kill people, video games kill people" to "Video games kill people? CNN, sensationalism, and how to fix it" is probably right.
I don't think that's accurate. There's not really any notion of "success", and the most important part of the process is that changes are made effectively at random and either propel the species forward by some minor increment or never make it past being rare curiosities.

Wait...
Something like that, I spent a few hours last night and added Dropbox integration to my blog, and it's fantastic. Much superior to online editing interfaces.
There are multiple "slides" in the presentation. Remember to click the arrows.
Because they were interested in it.
No, it's not faking it. From what I understand it's copied lazily.
If the government gave money to buyers of Porsches like they do for buyers of Teslas these number might be different.

Or better yet, stop taking my tax dollars and giving them to rich people to buy a luxury electric vehicle.
It's a trade-off: You lose the context of the document but you gain more err... modality.

Bootstrap uses transparency by default to preserve the page context, but that just didn't work as well with the color theming.
Your worldview ( Your last statement, that you think PHP is only suitable for a single request in a fcgi environment.) of PHP's capabilities are the pain point here.

What difficulties are you encountering trying to do basic pub/sub? Application developers have solved those exact same issues for decades now. Nodejs didn't invent "event-based programming".
13 Thoughts on Being an Entrepreneur — on startups
Why is Python 3 relevant? Porting a large Python 2 library to Python 3 (or, more likely, to both 2 and 3) is a significant undertaking. Porting a PHP library to use namespaces would largely be a matter of adding global aliases for backwards-compatibility, surely?
I expect that the performance issues with small assets are probably minor (and smart phones have hardware acceleration for it). H.264 is expensive to encode, but the decoding cost is much lower, and is also adjustable at the cost of the compression ratio. If you want transparency, then the workaround you currently have to do with going through an off-screen canvas is another story for performance.

I can think of one other hypothetical problem, although it would need testing to confirm: block sizes. h.264 works with block sizes that are a multiple of 4, and AFAIK codecs often perform sub-optimally with input that cuts off mid-block. For large videos that doesn't matter much, since you don't usually focus on the edge of a video, but for a small asset, it might be a problem. Someone with more knowledge of h.264 might be able to correct me on this.
Although the historiography of selection bias may seem compelling, it's worth mentioning, that even when Marxism was in its early stages of philosophical development, Benjamin Tucker correctly prognosticated the fate of Marxism as a logical conclusion of its philosophy:

"First, then, State Socialism, which may be described as the doctrine that all the affairs of men should be managed by the government, regardless of individual choice. Marx, its founder, concluded that the only way to abolish the class monopolies was to centralize and consolidate all industrial and commercial interests, all productive and distributive agencies, in one vast monopoly in the hands of the State. The government must become banker, manufacturer, farmer, carrier, and merchant, and in these capacities must suffer no competition. Land, tools, and all instruments of production must be wrested from individual hands, and made the property of the collectivity. To the individual can belong only the products to be consumed, not the means of producing them. A man may own his clothes and his food, but not the sewing-machine which makes his shirts or the spade which digs his potatoes. Product and capital are essentially different things; the former belongs to individuals, the latter to society. Society must seize the capital which belongs to it, by the ballot if it can, by revolution if it must. Once in possession of it, it must administer it on the majority principle, though its organ, the State, utilize it in production and distribution, fix all prices by the amount of labor involved, and employ the whole people in its workshops, farms, stores, etc. The nation must be transformed into a vast bureaucracy, and every individual into a State official. Everything must be done on the cost principle, the people having no motive to make a profit out of themselves. Individuals not being allowed to own capital, no one can employ another, or even himself. Every man will be a wage-receiver, and the State the only wage-payer. He who will not work for the State must starve, or, more likely, go to prison. All freedom of trade must disappear. Competition must be utterly wiped out. All industrial and commercial activity must be centered in one vast, enormous, all-inclusive monopoly. The remedy for monopolies is monopoly. Such is the economic programme of State Socialism as adopted from Karl Marx."

Benjamin Tucker, State Socialism and Anarchism: How Far They Agree, and Wherin They Differ (1888)

Tucker is not exactly the most popular american philosopher of all time, especially not among the political classes, so it would seem unlikely that the american political system would conspire to see to it that his predictions would come true.
Show HN: Format Names, Phone Numbers, and more with this API
Function parameters are variables even in pure FP. If your definition of variable requires assignment, then even mathematics doesn't have variables.
articles like this drive me nuts because now I've got a manager kicking ideas around like must focus on yahoo/get web properties moving in yahoo....(which shouldn't be a concern, indexed sites are indexed)...but it's so murky trying to explain or even see yourself the clear situation
> making a claim about what libertarianism is is necessarily suspect

You're right, libertarianism is really an umbrella term for many schools of economic, political and other philosophical thought. I'm simply representing what I found to be the most established and logically consistent tenants of said philosophy.

> Are the principles deduced from empirically evident reasoning, or is it as questionably axiomatic as any other system?

I'm speaking to the works of Ludwig Von Mises (along with Murray Rothbard) and his work on Human Action, specifically the development of Praxeology and Catallactics -- which are derived from the Action Axiom. I would say the core tenants of Austrian Economics are very much observable and repeatable, much like game theory.

> Furthermore, neither this sentence nor your economics analogy actually refutes my essential claim that the inability to evaluate and reason at anything other than the individual level makes it impossible to speak usefully about groups of people.

Sure I did. Microeconomics is a counter-example. There's also game theory and personal psychology. I guess it depends on what you consider useful.

> The empirical evidence is that groups have significant effects on people. It is quite clear that it is extremely rare, if at all extant, that people can be defined without relation to a group.

I guess I concern myself with the the largest of these groups, the human species. While cultures and economic landscapes change, the basic tenants of Praxeology and value-theory do not. Preference and desire is present in all acting humans, and I think these realities can be best used to explain why actions are taken.

> That leaves libertarianism and its radical individualism very suspect, from an empirical point of view.

I'm not claiming individuals don't act differently based on their setting and peers, just that these phenomenas can be observed at the individual level in an empirical fashion. If it isn't, then your group knowledge is limited.

> To be frank, that's not a philosophy at all. That's a model.

Yeah, it's a big tent..

> You have to present a third alternative to show it's a false dichotomy.

That I didn't make an incorrect statement?

> Libertarianism, as I understand it, is founded on the claim that the word "liberty" has an esteemed place in the structure of the world.

I would argue that libertarians believe in the antithesis of authoritarianism, and that they have economic and philosophical principles for believing so. While governments and corporations are groups of people, the fruits of their actions can be better analyzed by the actions they take and not what they call themselves.
I doubt wikileaks posted the HN submission. Also, the link referenced points to a particular email among many thousands. It wasn't hand-picked by wikileaks but probably by the HN submitter.
Duke researchers will offer ‘bionic eye’ for the blind
Bitcoins!

...seriously, no one said bitcoins?
You've ripped my paragraph apart and addressed each thing I said without the context of the other things I've said. For best comprehension, I do not recommend doing that.

I'd like to take the time now to point out that your personal experience is not a universal key to the truth. You have a very, very tiny view into what does and does not work, and if companies believe as I do, then they're going to hire as I would. This isn't a, "here is what I think might work", this is a "here is an explanation of why people think this way".

Besides, if you don't believe what I've written works, then how do you square the unmitigated success of companies who hire as I've outlined? Maybe the problem in your experiences, the singular constant, was you (and that's okay). Maybe you just don't work well in that environment.
Does this mean Reddit is tampered?
No definition of "hacked"? Really? You will go that meta to prove your point?

"a hacker is someone who seeks and exploits weaknesses in a computer system or computer network" ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacker_(computer_security) )

Being hacked means a hacker has found and exploited a weakness in a computer system or network. Saying that Google Palestine was hacked is false because no exploit in a computer system or computer network OF Google Palestine was found nor exploited.
This is maybe the third comment about whether the 80% is lies, damned lies, or statistics.

I would much rather see a conversation about how other languages can bridge the gaps of "hello world in a browser isn't obvious" and "deployment is hard". Those are important and useful things to do, regardless of PHP's market share.
Hey kids, check this out! http://www.reddit.com/r/worldnews/
I'm not sure about that. Maybe Linus appreciated the encouragement. Depends on the person, but knowing that people like what you are doing can help motivate a hobby project.
The problem is that once you get down to ~$30k pure electric car, you're going to end up something that looks like the Nissan Leaf, even 5 years from now. There is no magical Tesla dust that allows them to circumvent the laws of physics and economics.

The problem is in the batteries - Tesla Model S batteries come in 60 and 85 kWhr capacities. Using the most generous specific energy estimates and the price estimates (265 Whr/kg and 2.5 Whr/US$ - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium-ion_battery), you're looking at 500 to 700 lb of extra weight and $24k~$32k due to batteries alone. Even if the price halves in 5 years, you can't make money spending up to half the price of the car in batteries alone.

As a premium car, Tesla can charge the extra money required for the large battery pack and things like all aluminum chassis in Model S. At the lowered price point, the revenue just is not there to justify these things.

This basically means that to hit the $30k price point, you're going to end up with a much smaller battery pack (like Leaf's 24kWhr battery pack) and much smaller car so that they can hit the (lowered) performance target in both the driving characteristics (acceleration, top speed, etc which depend greatly on curb weight) and range (weight and battery capacity).

If you look at the engineering trade-offs required to get to $30k pure electric car in 5 year timeframe, it's hard to imagine something drastically different from Nissan Leaf in range, size, and driving characteristics.
That has been shown since the first day of DNS.
Could this be an elaborate conspiracy? I doubt it. Wouldn't it be nice to see WikiLeaks say something just isn't that big of a deal for a change?
There is so much to dislike about PHP that the only thing I can say nice about PHP is that it's the easiest way to just deploy to any server ever. Beyond that, I don't think I would look to PHP to do anything ever if I had a choice of project language.
The problem with political solutions is that politics change. We need both a political solution and a technological solution. As an example, legal protections for people who run Tor exits or anonymous remailers -- the technology would help protect us from future abuses by the government, and the policy would help get the technology widely deployed to the point of being impractical to shove back into the bottle.
Evolved shit is still shit. Half of issues mentioned here (http://me.veekun.com/blog/2012/04/09/php-a-fractal-of-bad-de...) are still not solved.
You are mistaken.

This is the landing page for the leak: http://wikileaks.org/the-gifiles.html

Linkbaiting is on the submitter. Wikileaks has done no disservice here.
So the question that immediately rises from this mess is that didn't WL have the rest of the mails (which were pasted upthread), or did they intentionally release these without context?
"So, their model is very effective in terms of pulling dollars out of the pockets of those in clined already to buy a porsche."

I own one and can attest to the "inclined already to buy a Porsche". Porsche is an old brand with meaning it's not bought because it's some kind of rational decision.

The seats in the back of the 911 won't even hold an adult.

You know when I found that out?

When I went to pick it up on delivery.

Was I mad?

No I was glad I didn't know that when I made the original buying decision.

Did it change my thoughts on buying another?

No, I traded it in in less than 1 year and bought another one (they just changed the design last year and I had to have the newer model after getting the latest marketing brochure which I salivated over.)

How do I get treated at the dealership? Not that great I got much better treatment at BMW. Will it matter to me in terms of buying another one? No. (Sounds a bit similar to Apple in past years in terms of treatment of customers, right?)

I've always had nice cars pretty much. But the Porsche is the first one that I literally get comments from people several times a month.
Please note that this API does not make any specific attempts to obey the mediawiki etiquette (http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/API:Etiquette). This sort of API is easy and clean for something like a command line script, but if you're going to do further automation or crawling I strongly recommend using the pywikipediabot library (http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Pywikipediabot) which includes a very full API, has tunable throttling, and makes a more direct attempt to require a user agent string that is in line with the api etiquette.

If you just want a bash script to look things up on wikipedia, you can always use something like

function wp {
curl "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/$(echo "$@" | tr ' ' '_')" | gunzip | html2text
}

which will work for basic queries (needs url encoding and words to be properly capitalized).

A full api reference is here (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php).
I look forward to giving some of these a crack! One I wanted to recommend though, which isn't on the list, is Ready, Fire, Aim by Michael Masterson. It had a big impact on me in the early days and had me thinking about minimal viable products (and businesses) before that was a thing of its own.
Yes, Golang is very young and its gc is one of the more 'immature' portions. However, in comparison to the tools that it is regularly displacing the overall speed is still a huge win. Eventually, Golang will get a better gc and in the meantime we can already enjoy faster programs. Nobody is arguing that the gc of today should be Golang's gc forever.
Apart from Ohanian whoring himself out as a "something with social media" consultant, there seems to be nothing here.

Personally, I regurarly read the free releases from Stratfor and they are usually well written and insightful, in a very factual stlye, a far cry from the hyper-partisan incomplete information presented by NYT and others. Wikileaks beef with them just seems completely misplaced; a desperate attempt to hype the material that has been given to them.
Why not? , programmers might hate it but they don't always drive start-up direction. Getting something to market and being useful is just more important than semantics when you're facing a budget.

Lots of start-ups started with PHP (foursquare, groupon, facebook, etc, etc) because of the minimal cost and the convenience offered by popularity. If it works out and they get funding they can spend all that sweet cash on whatever they prefer.

Mobile apps and heavy REST services maybe not, but websites are still popular, and PHP is playing catch up for those services too.
Semantics. If it was an SQL injection attack, it was an SQL injection account that caused a DNS issue. No one cares about a specific SQL injection vulnerability, what matters is that a domain stopped being secure. Nothing bad happened here, but they could have made the fake page look like Google and collected a bunch of logins.
PHP supports lexical scope; it's just local to the current function.

The actual problem is that PHP automatically initializes variables even on read—the same reason all globals have to be manually "imported", even if they're only read from. Similar to the problem Python 3's `nonlocal` solves, except imagine a world where Python didn't have NameErrors and instead initialized every unrecognized name to None.
I'm dying to get my hands on one of these phones. Unfortunately they aren't available in my country yet. Does anybody know how I can order one?