skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
"what happens to that energy when death occurs?"

It's lost as heat.

The brain is an electro-chemical system [1][2]. That is, signals propagate via potential differences created by the presence of charged ions. In the prolonged absence of oxygen, the biochemistry of the brain ceases at a cellular level. Electrical potential differences smooth-out to the level of thermal noise. Anything left radiates out as heat until the body reaches the ambient temperature of its environment.

The radiated energy still exists in the universe, but the second law of thermodynamics implies that it is unlikely to be participating in a low-entropy system like a brain again.

[1] http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Chemical_synapse

[2] http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/human-biology/human-bo...

EDIT

I have a hard time with talking of "transformation" of electrical patterns in dying brains and "Is there more to existence than we are capable of understanding?". I don't really know what these questions mean.

I've seen a couple of people die in front of me and its a deeply upsetting experience that is charged with meaning. But thats on the level of human emotional experience. On a physical level, death is just something that bodies do at some point before their constituent matter and energy goes off to do other things in the universe. Trying to unload human emotional baggage relating to human existence (principally, fear of death) onto physical processes that are pretty well understood (biochemistry) gets us nowhere, because really where do you stop?
I'm also skeptical, but I think the comparison with regular dev salaries overestimates the money that would be needed, at least for some projects. There are many volunteer contributors to open-source projects who would be willing to move to working on them full-time, or at least more-time, for much less than market rate. For example one of the SBCL devs did a lot of work on the compiler for only $16k (http://www.indiegogo.com/projects/sbcl-threading-2011), and the Git-Annex Assistant guy worked on it for a whole year for $25k (http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/joeyh/git-annex-assistan...).

Granted, if you have to hire devs not already part of your project at market rate, things will go way up from that.
I believe that whois does a wildcard search for all domains known to start with microsoft.com, and some funny people registered subdomains under their own domains that start with microsoft.com. But maybe I'm wrong :-)
It sounds like you're talking about extremely trivial money laundering; while it might have caused some confusion a century ago when the Mafia started doing it, modern tax authorities deal with a hell of a lot worse.
Piercing the confusion around NSA’s phone surveillance program
What entitlement does the customer have to the discount - surely as long as it's possible to redeem it simply no one customer has a privilege to acquire it?
Totally!

Got any good/cheap/suggestions?
What is ProjectHermes
We're in a strange place right now, sat in the middle of two pieces of startup advice.

Piece of advice #1: "The time to raise money is not when you need it, or when you reach some artificial deadline like a Demo Day. It's when you can convince investors, and not before."

Piece of advice #2: The best time to raise VC money is when you have product/market fit and need rocket fuel to grow.

We were having conversations with investors to suss out the London startup scene (we feel like outsiders mostly having kept ourselves to ourselves) and to make connections with industry leaders who might make great advisors.

2 Weeks ago these conversations suddenly turned into "Shut up and take my money.". Once this started happening, it happened at every meeting, with investors swiftly upping the amount they believe we should take... we have a herd all telling us to take their money. We haven't done a proper pitch to anyone.

We were aiming at #2 (product/market fit), and have stumbled upon #1 (convinced investors forming a herd).

The problem is expectations. We are at seed stage, and are developing the product/market fit. We have customers lined up, but we're not yet seeing good traction with the existing customers we're engaged with. We want to carry on improving the product, testing as we go.

If we take VC money we very much believe we'd be under expectation to focus on growth before the product is the right one for the market (it has a lot of promise today, but it's not yet proving itself fully).

Our current view is to to explain to investors/VCs that we're still seed and take the money only if it doesn't come with conditions and is understood we're still seed.

Not a lot of wisdom out there on whether you should decline VC money. We're not of the belief that all money is good, especially if it proves to be a distraction from just making the a great product that customers really want.
Reemindr | Send your future you, emails from the past
N.S.A. Leaks Make Plan for Cyberdefense Unlikely
> 1) Get a US passport. Assuming you're a US citizen, this is not that hard. This will solve 99.8% of your US travel problems. People greatly overestimate how much passports and the IRS have to do with each other: in all but egregious cases, they have nothing to do with each other.

Rumor has it (I can't find the source again) that US embassies now report every passport application to the IRS.

> Pick a different number if your accountant tells you different.

My accountant? This is an example of the glaring "incompatibilities" between the US tax system and that of other countries. In my country nobody has an accountant unless they're a millionaire or owns a business. It's insanely expensive to have one. Using an accountant every year is not a solution. But I appreciate your input :-)

> 3) Here's what you're going to do for each year you filed: take a copy of your $NATION taxes. Find the gross earned income number. Convert to USD using the yearly average exchange rate, which you can find published on

Yes, but there's still the vast minefield that is non-earned-income money. This is a substantial amount in many European social democracies.

> (unless you're making over $85k a year, which I think is unlikely in Europe as a researcher unless I miss my guess)

Not at all. It's true in my case, but in the private sector $85k for a researcher would be considered low in my country. Again, it's an absolutely impossible situation to work from a fixed dollar amount that has no connection to the cost of living in a given country. Some European (an other) countries have an insanely higher cost of living than the US.

Your reading of the situation is pretty close to my first impression - "rather reasonable - just a lot of paperwork". But it's a vast minefield as soon as you start reading the fine print. I do really appreciate your input, though :-)
I also considered the approach of transparently encrypting all incoming mail with the user's public key, but it has a couple of downsides, mainly:

* This only works if all of a user's clients support GPG. I'm looking for a solution that would work for any average Joe (on his desktop, phone and tablet) rather than a solution geared towards technical people.

* This process only encrypts the email's body, and not the metadata (from, to, subject, headers containing IP addresses, etc). As a bunch of people have shown after the PRISM fallout, analysis on metadata alone can reveal an incredible amount of private information.

* It would be impossible to support features such as server-side search, effectively making email search on your mobile devices impossible.

Of course any solution to this problem will be a compromise between security and usability, so let's hope a number of different solutions will see the light of day, so that everyone can choose the solution that works the best for them.
What leads you to believe that Musk is incapable of building an entirely new technology?
I suspect they're talking more about conversion (see MtGox's perennial problems with withdrawing real money, and recently even bitcoins).
Ah yes, same applies to facebook.com and many others.
anyone can 'think' about building a transportation system. Even elon cannot pay for the new transport system by himself.
The connection point might be your name.
How? It's still too expensive for most people to use on a daily basis. It still requires some way to get from the train station to your final destination, which adds yet more cost. The end result is that the only people who will really use it are the same people who currently fly regularly between LA and SF, which means about 12 million people annually. Nowhere near enough ridership to support the kind of prices that are being bandied about.

Edit: more like 6 million people fly between LA and SF annually. I was thinking of the Amtrak Northeast Corridor ridership, which is about 12 million annually.
Four seconds, if you're driving the way you were instructed. But you've got multiple options: go left or right, and if you slam the brakes they'll stop you in time. If something broke the tube, are we looking at several pods slamming into the obstruction one after the other?
True entrepreneurs find worth in the worthless and possibility in the impossible
US National Security Agency 'is surveillance leviathan'
First thing that came to mind.

Hilarious!
Almost all wireless modems can be remotely updated. So this phone is mostly running proprietary software. That will be the case for any cellular technology for the foreseeable future.
I can see the attractiveness of doing malware & spam scanning "on the wire" -- but I fail to see what the NSA can bring to the party that cannot already be provided by commercial antivirus/antimalware companies?
I've heard similar for other sports too... That their Judo and Wrestling training has very little competition and much more drilling and supplementary conditioning.
After a bit of thought, I acknowledge that you could conceive of a new language with better syntax that had the modern bells and whistles with the added capacity to view spreadsheets and their cells as a standard data type and with one of the target output windows being a standard Excel spreadsheet. I am not sure that you would then want to compile that down to VBA though - that would be rather "downhill" after all of the effort developing new tools.

This http://manns.github.io/pyspread/ was an attempt to start again from a language perspective (Python here) but I suspect you are looking for something that would just drop in alongside the ubiquitous Excel without making the less technical user aware of the difference.
I love Perl as well, but it's definitely gotten the reputation as the really awkward nerd among nerds. I agree with lots of people that the early stages of the Perl 6 effort caused so much distraction for so long that Perl 5 languished and lost lots of momentum for the language (and language philosophy).

The Perl community, tired of waiting for a workable Perl 6 implementation, has lavished some fine attention to Perl 5 and it's in incredible shape, but the target community, also tired of waiting for Perl 6, has largely moved on.

It's going to be tough to bring people back into the fold. Everybody wanted Perl 6, and it barely works now. The features in 6 are amazing (might even be enough to get folks to come back), but the implementations are all over the place. Perl 6 needs a couple of killer apps. The CFG work might have made handling XML stupid simple, but XML is quickly falling out of relevancy.

The transition from Perl 5 to Perl 6 might go down as one of the great language mismanagements in history. For goodness sake, it's been in design for almost 14 years! And there are really just now workable implementations coming out, but all are still incomplete, lack features, robustness and speed.

I'm also guilty of this, having been excited about Perl 6 a decade ago, but taking a wait and see approach that lasts to this day, until development settles down. I don't want to commit lots of work that will be made obsolete the next time Larry decides to change an operator's semantics.

Is it finally time to sit down and learn Perl 6?
This seems consistent with the NSA's unrelenting "gotta collect it all" power grab.
We're launching a site to connect you with student coders
Firstly because I'm looking to create a solution that can be hosted centrally: the average email user is simply never going to setup and host their own mailserver and setup the encryption.

Secondly: simply using a regular encrypted partition for both SMTP and IMAP access means that partition has to be mounted permanently, otherwise new incoming mails couldn't be delivered. This means if a hacker were to gain access to the system, or if a party would force the server operators to give them access to the servers, all emails would be instantly compromised.
Something interesting my friend said: this would make an awfully good roller coaster.

Could that be a path to getting it prototyped, profitably?
Alternatively telnet whois.verisign-grs.com 43, then type microsoft.com[enter].

If you want a wildcard match, simply do =microsoft.com[enter].

You get similar results for google.com too :)
Let me guess: it's still impossible to minimize a full screen game on Linux or alt-tab etc., and the joystick will still not be recognized if you plug it in after the game starts.
Anyone know what the status on multi-threading is? It looks like there are two potential solutions to the problem:

1. Servo--http://www.webmonkey.com/2013/04/mozillas-servo/

2. or, Electrolysis--http://www.internetnews.com/blog/skerner/mozilla-set-to-revi...

Also see https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=392073
I enjoy having a search engine in my pocket (though I'd prefer if it weren't Google), and the ability to haul a stack of 600 and counting articles, and a few score books, while nary putting a crease in my chinos.

But we had books and encyclopedias and telegraphs and telephones and phonographs a century ago. Just ... not as distributed, or portable.

If you were to look at the inventions and advances of the last quarter of the 19th and first quart of the 20th centuries, I suspect you'd find a few more significant items than smartphones: electric light, telephones, phonographs, radio, television (just under the wire), indoor plumbing (made possible by central heating, so your pipes wouldn't freeze), air conditioning, and even the first practical computers. Oh, and airplanes.

If you had the choice of technology since 1925 or before, I think you'd go with the latter choice.
The new Mac Pro will not use a Haswell CPU.
Correct, you can do an exact match using whois 'domain microsoft.com'
Whois Server Version 2.0

Domain names in the .com and .net domains can now be registered
with many different competing registrars. Go to http://www.internic.net
for detailed information.

MICROSOFT.COM.ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.IS.A.GREAT.COMPANY.ITREBAL.COM
MICROSOFT.COM.ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.GET.ONE.MILLION.DOLLARS.AT.WWW.UNIMUNDI.COM
MICROSOFT.COM.ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.IM.ELITE.WANNABE.TOO.WWW.PLUS613.NET
MICROSOFT.COM.ZZZZZZ.MORE.DETAILS.AT.WWW.BEYONDWHOIS.COM
MICROSOFT.COM.ZZZZZ.GET.LAID.AT.WWW.SWINGINGCOMMUNITY.COM
MICROSOFT.COM.ZZZOMBIED.AND.HACKED.BY.WWW.WEB-HACK.COM
MICROSOFT.COM.ZZZ.IS.0WNED.AND.HAX0RED.BY.SUB7.NET
MICROSOFT.COM.WILL.BE.SLAPPED.IN.THE.FACE.BY.MY.BLUE.VEINED.SPANNER.NET
MICROSOFT.COM.WILL.BE.BEATEN.WITH.MY.SPANNER.NET
MICROSOFT.COM.WAREZ.AT.TOPLIST.GULLI.COM
MICROSOFT.COM.THIS.IS.A.TEST.INETLIBRARY.NET
MICROSOFT.COM.SOFTWARE.IS.NOT.USED.AT.REG.RU
MICROSOFT.COM.SHOULD.GIVE.UP.BECAUSE.LINUXISGOD.COM
MICROSOFT.COM.RAWKZ.MUH.WERLD.MENTALFLOSS.CA
MICROSOFT.COM.MORE.INFO.AT.WWW.BEYONDWHOIS.COM
MICROSOFT.COM.MATCHES.THIS.STRING.AT.KEYSIGNERS.COM
MICROSOFT.COM.MAKES.RICKARD.DRINK.SAMBUCA.0800CARRENTAL.COM
MICROSOFT.COM.LOVES.ME.KOSMAL.NET
MICROSOFT.COM.LIVES.AT.SHAUNEWING.COM
MICROSOFT.COM.KNOWS.THAT.THE.BEST.WEB.HOSTING.IS.NASHHOST.NET
MICROSOFT.COM.IS.POWERED.BY.MIKROTIKA.V.OBSHTEJITIETO.OT.IBEKYAROV.UNIX-BG.COM
MICROSOFT.COM.IS.NOT.YEPPA.ORG
MICROSOFT.COM.IS.NOT.HOSTED.BY.ACTIVEDOMAINDNS.NET
MICROSOFT.COM.IS.IN.BED.WITH.CURTYV.COM
MICROSOFT.COM.IS.HOSTED.ON.PROFITHOSTING.NET
MICROSOFT.COM.IS.A.STEAMING.HEAP.OF.FUCKING-BULLSHIT.NET
MICROSOFT.COM.IS.A.MESS.TIMPORTER.CO.UK
MICROSOFT.COM.HAS.A.PRESENT.COMING.FROM.HUGHESMISSILES.COM
MICROSOFT.COM.FILLS.ME.WITH.BELLIGERENCE.NET
MICROSOFT.COM.CAN.GO.FUCK.ITSELF.AT.SECZY.COM
MICROSOFT.COM.ARE.GODDAMN.PIGFUCKERS.NET.NS-NOT-IN-SERVICE.COM
MICROSOFT.COM

To single out one record, look it up with "xxx", where xxx is one of the
of the records displayed above. If the records are the same, look them up
with "=xxx" to receive a full display for each record.
Cyber "defense"? What a joke. NSA's cyber/hacking programs and the US Cyber Command of which it's in charge of, have always been about offense, and they will continue to be for the most part. NSA is all about finding exploits and exploiting them, not patching them up.

The idea that NSA could "protect" the Internet by having complete access to it is a very flawed one, but I'm sure it could be something NSA could believe strongly: "Just give us more billions of dollars - we're the only ones who can fix the Internet".
The data is stored somewhere. It's stored in the cache memory of all the routers in between.
>>OK, I admit it was a cheap shot. But I'm not the only one in the thread making it.

Thanks for making HN a bit more like bad Reddit today, with even more brainless language wars!

[Edit: Seriously, why even write if you have nothing to add but a "cheap shot" -- which is even written by others ("not the only one")!? Do you try to destroy this website?]

[Edit 2: I realize that the language wars idiots in some communities usually votes up comments like this about Perl, but take some damn responsibility for HN quality. Karma is not money.]

>>Can you explain how [the quote is] related to Perl?

If you're curious, please check the comment by Mithaldu, written before my first comment.
PDFs from the article:

1. NSA memorandum
http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/speeches_testimonies/2...

2. Fighting cyber crime and protecting privacy in the cloud
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/studiesdownload....

3. BULK COLLECTION OF TELEPHONY METADATA UNDER SECTION 215 OF THE USA PATRIOT ACT
https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.documentcloud.org/documents/7502...
Printf("Hello, World");
First of all, merely having a number increment on your FBAR in year N and year N+1 does not cause that delta to become taxable income. (And, for that matter, failing to have a delta does not show absence of income. For example, if you earn 100k euros in a year and consume 100k euros, your accounts will show a delta of nothing, but you still earned 100k euros.)

Second, the US does not tax unrealized capital gains. In the situation you have just described, you have not realized any capital gains and have no taxable income, even if you believe that receiving currency in year N and disbursing of it in year N+X counts as capital gains if the currency has appreciated against the dollar. This interpretation is contrary to what the IRS will tell you is the law.

Should you want to actually use the money, you should say that "My cost basis in the 200k Euros is 200k Euros. I liquidated them at their fair market value, of 200k Euros. This gives me a capital gain of 0 Euros, which when I put it on forms I will convert into dollars, for capital gains of $0." There are more complicated things you'll want to do if you operate a currency exchange business, but that isn't relevant to you.

If you disagree that this is the correct interpretation of US tax law, you can do what I did and phone the IRS. They'll explain it to you.

If you doubt this is correct, use some of the 200k Euros to have a brief chat with a tax accountant. I know this sounds new and scary for you. It was new and scary for me, too, eight years ago. It's a lot easier than you think it is.
I used to work with Perl 6 years. As much as I like it, going to Ruby was such a relief and joy! I never looked back. Perl is just way too @$%{}__ for me. And some stuff, like OO really, really not only looks but also feels like a dirty hack put on top of something else.
Care to share your web app? I have a similar background, working in finance and learned coding, but I am still missing the step to building a web up and leaving work...
however, if the structure of the brain is preserved in liquid nitrogen for hundreds of years, the brain may then be revived and placed into another body, repaired and restarted, and the person may live again.

After death, autolysis destroys the structure of the brain if the brain is left at room temp for a day or so. However, the application of ice to the brain soon after death will prevent this by lowering temps to near zero C, which slows autolysis greatly. The brain may then be taken down to liquid nitrogen temps and preserved in a dewar or cryostat for hundreds or even thousands of years.
What might you do with your infinite series to roughly estimate the NPV in your head without having to write anything down?

Especially when faced with certain tradeoffs, like comparing a $6B hyperloop with an agency with an annual budget of $10B?
Flash is dead. Adobe proved they weren't serious about flash when they announced licensing restrictions, 9% "revenue sharing" and hoops you have to jump through in order to use the "premium" 3d stuff. They eventually changed their mind about the 9% revenue tax after developers revolted, but the damage was done now that everyone knows they'd even think of doing something like that. And they drove the nail in the coffin (which Steve Jobs supplied), when they gave up on Flash for mobile.

http://www.forbes.com/sites/ericsavitz/2011/11/09/adobe-to-s...

"Flash Player 11.1 is the last release of the Flash Player plug-in for mobile browsers. Adobe will not add support for new mobile device configurations (chipset, browser, OS version, etc.). Adobe will continue to provide critical bug fixes and security updates for existing device configurations through September 2013, and will also allow our source-code licensees to continue working on and releasing their own implementations." http://www.adobe.com/devnet/flashplatform/whitepapers/roadma...

There is no future for Flash. Adobe's all about HTML5 now, they don't give a shit about Flash any more, and neither should you.

Unity3D went to great efforts to support Flash, and now they're sunsetting it, for good reason:

Unity wrote on their blog: http://blogs.unity3d.com/2013/04/23/sunsetting-flash/

We don’t see Adobe being firmly committed to the future development of Flash. This is evidenced by the cancellation of Flash Player Next, the instability of recent Flash Player versions and by Adobe’s workforce moving on to work on other projects.

By introducing, and then abandoning, a revenue sharing model, Adobe eroded developers’ (and our) trust in Flash as a dependable, continuously improving platform.

Developers are moving away from Flash, and while Flash publishing has gotten little traction, our own Unity Web Player has seen unprecedented growth in recent months (now installed on over 200M computers and already installed by 1/3 of all Facebook gamers).
I've reacted because yesterday we have tried better_errors gem on our rails app. Safari and Chrome was fine but Firefox froze and crash while executing the JS.

Maybe I am wrong, but I keep using side by side with Chrome and Safari (Nerds has a lot of tabs and windows open!) and that's my feeling.
Sections 4.2 and 4.5. It estimates the cost of vacuum pumps for the tube and stations at $260 million. I haven't seen if they've broken out costs to maintain the pumps, but it specifically also mentions compensating for minor leaks with higher pump capacity to be able to continue operating and fixing smaller leaks as part of routine maintenance.
Pizza Hut UK are a good example of this. They have a vouchers page on their website which (obviously) ranks very highly for "Pizza Hut vouchers". It isn't reachable from any page on their site (that I know of), but it means any price-conscious consumers that spend two minutes googling end up with a decent voucher rather than spyware installed on their machine.