skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I'm not actually trying to imply that this is what PRISM does (no one has made that claim). I'm just saying that on a government scale, the cost of storing all voice calls ever made forever is not even very expensive.

So let's add bandwidth: the most expensive estimate I've seen is $0.019/GB <http://blogs.howstuffworks.com/2011/04/07/what-does-a-gigaby.... Let's assume the original audio is captured using G.711 (64 kbps). So that's 438 * 10^9 minutes * 60 seconds/minute * 64000 bits/second / (8 bits/byte * 1024^3 bytes/GB) * $0.019/GB = $3.72mln.

Let's add CPU: A medium-sized, high-CPU AWS instance is $0.0024/minute <http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/>. A moderate laptop-class processor can encode and decode 150 channels/core in real time <http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/rtcweb/current/msg05236.... So that's 438 * 10^9 call minutes * $0.0024/CPU minute / 150 call minutes/CPU minute = $7.01mln.

Facility: The NSA's Utah facility is projected to cost $1.5...$2bln <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_Data_Center> and will contain a 100,000 square foot data center <http://nsa.gov1.info/utah-data-center/>. A 42U rack is about 7 square feet. Let's assume a floor occupancy of 25%. That's $2bln/facility / 10000 ft^2/facility * (7/0.25) ft^2/PB * 40 PB = $22.4mln.

I don't have a good estimate of the personnel involved, but I doubt it'd require anything out of the ballpark of the other numbers here. You could have every rack maintained and operated by its own PhD-level researcher at less than $10mln/year including all overhead and benefits.

A single JSF F-35A has a $207.6mln procurement cost (excluding R&D costs, maintenance costs, and operating costs) <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-35_Lightning_II#Program_cost_....
Problem with that comparison is that while a government could make and store nukes without people knowing, it's hard to start exploding them without attracting attention. Accessing a database, on the other hand..
You wrote that staging should be the same as production env (and I agree), so how does it help with catching new errors if they were already caught and reported on production?

Of course we could run that against our test environment, but then I'd be afraid of getting to many errors, that were caused by changes that we want to release.

So is there something obvious that I'm missing?
NSA Spying Is Legal & Not Targeting Average Americans
The Surveillance State Suffers a Surprise Legal Setback
If I was in Snowdon's position I'd be taking every measure possible to protect myself from America. If that is his game it sounds like a sensible strategy, he's certainly not going to be getting any support from his home country.
Pinterest for your Business? Pinteresting..
I have two external monitors plugged into my laptop's docking station. Most laptops allow for external monitors. They also allow you to plug in a full-size keyboard and mouse via USB.

"Laptop" does not necessarily imply "ergonomic disaster".
I think your question is actually 'Tips on finding a wedding photographer who'll provide RAWs', rather than trying to encourage this particular photographer to sell you what you want to buy.

The flickr thread linked to in another response ( http://www.flickr.com/groups/weddingphoto/discuss/7215762943... ) seems to be full of photographers explaining why customers are just plain wrong to want raws, and encouraging each other to never provide a customer with raws (lest it set off a trend, perhaps).

This presents a fantastic opportunity for any halfway decent photographer who isn't precious about the 'magic' involved in their work. Haughty self-comparisons to painters being told to provide incomplete work, and film photographers handing over 'unprocessed film' do them no service - these are fatally flawed analogies.

I can think of several compelling reasons for wanting original (raw) as well as maximum resolution touched up jpegs. None of the reasons anyone has offered for withholding raw files is compelling.
There's cognitive bias in action. It's been about equal from both sides.
Your parent was using a SAN, which means your parent was in an enterprise setting and probably running 8 guests minimum (1 per core). I'd hazard that is where issues started to crop up.
I have a newfound respect for electrical engineers.
> Facebook, Google, etc stand to loose a lot if the allegations are true or are believed to be.

Do they? If they had come out and said "yes, the Government has <x, y, z> access because as US companies we are required to comply with their requests", how many people (outside of HN readers) would do anything about it? I'm not saying people wouldn't care, and I'd hope (and do hope, with the current situation) that the reaction would cause changes, I just don't see those changes being "let's move away from Google to... some other company that offers comparable services and that can't be forced by governments to reveal data".
I'd love to see how a post-filesystem device would organize the content for my graphic novel.

I've got about a hundred Illustator source files, one for every page. A similar number of pngs for posting online. A subdirectory full of source files for my model sheets - mostly Illustrator files, and some 3D models for a swoopy car. And another subdir for rendered copies of those model sheets. On an external drive (space is at a premium on my Air) I've got print-res TIFFs of each page, two for some pages due to crazy printing tricks I'm doing. And an InDesign template that I use to generate an InDesign file that includes all those pages, which I finally use to generate a PDF that I send off to the printer.

This is not an especially sophisticated thing to do. People have been drawing comics for ages, and have needed much the same kinds of organizations well before the computer. A pile of illustration boards in a closet, labeled as being this story or that story. A filing cabinet with my notes, models, and reference. Et cetera.

As long as the OS and apps have no real global concept of "a project", we'll need file systems to, well, give us a system to organize our files.

Or maybe I'm a Luddite who can't imagine the critical change in usability that will result in being thoroughly free of directory trees. It's quite possible. But I sure don't see it in what we have now.
That kinda makes me want to see everyone that uses that rhetoric from the president downwards sent to base camp and then few tours of duty to Afghanistan to see exactly what war is.

Then they probably would use something softer.
Rather than the negatives, I think it's closer to asking the photographer for just the film--before any development is done. With a negative, you've already done some processing with regards to the timing of the film development (push/pull) that you can arguably accomplish in Lightroom/Aperture/etc. when processing the RAW file.
What's what scares you? The fact that the term "war" is used informally?
I've seen this on at least 6 occasions (for different sites) in the last few days. Is CloudFlare itself overloaded?
Everything I Know about Self-Publishing
COWORKERS OVER 35??

I'm shocked they hadn't been "renewed" by "Carrousel". Or were they runners?
#yeswedo
Remember in Seven when Morgan Freeman is all like Hey Man we can't knock down this door we found out about this guy illegally and then Brad Pitt is all like Screw it and kicks down the door and they pay a homeless woman to say she saw someone suspicious...
No, surveillance is not a threat to democracy, people not caring about democracy is what threatens democracy.

Democracy has never been a right, it's always been a privilege that people demanded, and guess what, when people stop demanding it, power will naturally collude.
And now IBM is headed back into the financial toilet again. Consulting and Services are going to keep IBM around, and the name will last another 100+ years, but their stock price isn't going anywhere but down.
A collection manager is someone who works with collection management and not necessarily a manager, as in boss.
You do have a point, the British weren't prepared for guerilla warfare. But I don't think it necessarily carries over to the modern day, our military's at least got some experience in urban warfare and the like. It probably depends a great deal on how far the government's willing to go and how far the military's willing to go.

I understand the principle and I respect it. I just really, personally and at a visceral level hate the idea of armed uprising. I want the system to be salvageable. I want dialogue and compromise. But I suppose if it came down to real, true tyranny then you'd be correct. Everyone has the right to stand against that.
Instagram competitor?
Amazon expands grocery delivery service to Los Angeles
It's all posturing. There is no way that Snowden is guilty of treason under the Constitution. Bradley Manning under the UCMJ hasn't been charged with treason. It's all posturing.

"Authority"? Hell, this entire debate is about who has the right to authorize what. American politics surrounds a much shiftier concept of influence. Call it whatever you like, the idea that Boehner's (or the House Majority's, if you prefer) opinions don't matter where the AG's would is positively nutty.
Confessions of a Twitter profiteer
Old article but still relevant. Cites Gates, Buffett, Schwab, etc.

http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/companies/management/20...
In the end it's not the frequencies nor number of cores but performance per watt that matters.

It depends on the workload, really. It should already be obvious that this part is not meant to be a Joe Everyman processor.
"Decline and fall" because IBM missed one earnings target after 4 years of positive earnings surprises (or more, I didn't look any farther back than 2009). Seems a bit preemptive.

The author's chief complaint seems to be that the management is incompetent, but IBM has been known for excellent financial management for the past 2 decades, and the CEOs have not changed recently.
(Hi there, I'm the author.) Scott, you are a PM manager, you have to hear about it. What I am pointing out is individual contributors (SDEs and SDETs) mostly have never heard of these. Even the senior ones, I am pretty sure.
The filesystem provides structure, even if it's not the perfect structure. When I start a new project the first thing I do is create a folder and put everything related into the folder.

What the filetypes are isn't important, it's the logical grouping of "things" in a tree structure which is easily understood. If I zip and email that folder then I know I have got the whole project.

Having a big gallery of every single image file on my computer isn't that useful. Maybe I can break them down into galleries, but then do I have to tell my other applications which gallery corresponds to which project?
Files obviously aren't going anywhere as even document-based metaphors are files by another name.

Folders? Well - maybe tags but hierarchical tags are essentially the same thing as folders with one restriction relaxed (a 'document' can be in more than one place). But removing them altogether is a step back to MS-DOS 1.0 with a single flat hierarchy and I don't see that helping anyone.

The desktop however - I'm not even sure what you mean.

A surface on which multiple overlapping windows are arranged? I don't think overlapping windows is anything other than a Xeroc PARC-induced collective mistake. I'd much rather have a tiling window interface of some kind.

The only thing left for the desktop to provide is some kind of launcher and location for recently used files. It doesn't do a very good job of that when combined with overlapping windows (they tend to be blocking the desktop most of the time...) so I think that is something we can happily improve on.
You presume a great deal. "Everyone knows"? I've always found Lua to be a much nicer language than JS, certainly with far fewer ways to shoot yourself in the foot. I always thought "everyone knows" that. If it wasn't for the lack of libraries, Lua would be my first choice for teaching someone programming. "Doing something serious" in Lua is mainly hindered by the aforementioned lack of libraries/platforms, compounded by lack of experience.
It's funny to see how many Hacker News writers use Mac, the most closed hardware+OS, most anti-hackish.

How about renaming HN to stand for Hipster News?
There's still an opportunity cost to writing documentation. How many other people will work on that code? 2-3? 12? 100? 2000? If it's 2-3 or even a dozen, you're better off explaining in person how it works, while if it's 2000 there better be some persistent written documentation.

It probably also doesn't help that the number of people who look at a given piece of code follows a power law, which means that when you're doing the looking, you are probably looking at a piece of code that many other people have looked at. Everybody remembers the terrible mess that they had to puzzle out without any documentation. Most of the time they don't remember all the little experiments they did that never saw the light of day, where time spent documenting would just be wasted.
Sure, nobody wants to engage in an armed uprising. It's supposed to be a backstop, a last resort. A final option when all attempts at dialogue, salvage, and compromise have failed.
Right so what I'm imagining is basically (for lack of a better term) a QA framework that tests that the instrumentation for tracking access...etc is legit. You could say that blowing up even one nuke without proper oversight is unacceptable and thus we have mechanisms in place to make sure the right bells and whistles are trigged.

EOD launching a nuke and using PRISM data are keystrokes on a computer.
I wish they were looking into Wall St...
It would be so much more difficult to detect unauthorized searching vs unauthorized nuke use that you can't really compare them.
> "The question is whether the security goals can be achieved by less-intrusive or sweeping means, without trampling on democratic freedoms and basic rights. "

No, NYT, the question is how which security goals can be achieved without trampling on democratic freedoms and basic rights.

There is no security goal that justifies destroying freedom, as freedom is the motivation for our security goals.
As a wedding photographer I can completely understand his reluctance to provide raw files. We would never do it, not for any amount of money.

First of all, he has no control how the raw files will be processed, so if your post processing is poor then someone else asks who shot your wedding, you'll reply with his name. Don't forget you've got the ability to change the end result of his work with raw files and with that goes his reputation.

Additionally the raw files aren't always great straight out of the camera, great pictures emerge after cropping, straightening and balancing the entire image. His perceived skill will be greatly reduced when you see unedited images that are in need of work.

You are paying for his all-round skills to deliver great images not for someone to press the shutter & deliver raw files.

It's the equivalent of asking an artist for his practise sketches & tubes of paint or asking a chef for the raw ingredients, cooking whatever you want with them and the chef still having his name attached to the quality of dish that you create. He may have intended to create a soufflé but you may end up creating scrambled eggs and there's nothing he can do about it.

Personally we find that images at 300dpi are optimised for prints (12x8) we scale our print files around 3600 x 2400 pixels. This is around 8 to 9 megapixels. We also provide low-res files too for sharing on Facebook, e-mailing etc.

Perhaps there's some misunderstanding between file size (2.5 megabytes) and 2.5 megapixels - that's more of a sensor size e.g iPhone equivalent.

If you do get raw files, then please prepare them for print correctly, image labs won't accept them at that size.

Instead of asking for raw files, just ask for a larger size jpg and specify 3600 x 2400 pixels for your high res files, that should make it clear what you want and it protects his work too.
At that point, it becomes overtly criminal. If, in that event, the law isn't upheld (i.e. via appropriate punishment), then we will be witnessing the complete and unquestionable dismantling of our nation.
Bitcoin nodes will reject transactions that conflict with ones they have already seen. Once the transaction is broadcasted, the only way to replace it would be to mine the next block and include it yourself.

The only other feasible way to double spend a merchant would be to scour the topology and find a client that has low latency to the merchant you are trying to defraud, but much higher latency to any significant hashing power. Unless they have their node configured to accept incoming connections, which is not recommended for merchant nodes, the attack is very difficult to pull off and requires a significant element of luck to work.

There are also companies like BitPay that will absorb the risk of a double spend in addition to handling your payment logistics, for a fee less than the typical credit card fee.
And we have all their names.
Rather than debate direct access why doesn't the NSA release a video of what access they do have...

While it might be reasonable to not know who the NSA is searching for, it is reasonable for the public to be informed of what kinds of information the NSA could tap, and whether the public feels that is something the NSA should be doing.
iOS Developers: Say goodbye to MAC addresses too
37% approve, which seems pretty high. I wonder what the response would have been if it the question wasn't phrased as "the government obtained records", but as "the government obtained your records".
> There are significant partisan differences in views of the government's program to obtain call logs and Internet communication. Democrats are more likely to approve, by 49% to 40%. Independents (34% vs. 56%) and Republicans (32% to 63%) are much more likely to disapprove than approve.

It's too bad they didn't bother to separate "technologically clueless" from the "technologically clueful", which would probably speak volumes.
Hi, I'm the author. I don't think there is a company policy that restricts that or any manager that would be mad because you're answering comments on Stack Overflow. It is all about culture in my reality and I personally post answers whenever I solve stuff.
Video of the presentation with some more details about Angular vNext
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=W13q...
True, but then you're plugged into the wall with the computer literally ON the desk. All that hassle of docking/undocking and hauling around all the crap just seems like a waste of time to me.

In a work situation, everything I do is in version control, or some external backup. So a notebook doesn't have any special data portability convenience. A dedicated machine at home and office just makes more sense for my purposes.
The filesystem has also had the concept of "tags" for quite a while - since hard links essentially provide the same functionality (file may be in many places at once, is only deleted when reference count reaches 0).
Meetings are like sex
Great news. The opinion makes for interesting reading.
But unlike your girlfriend, the machine knows about every single file in the system, even if it can't recognize it. So you can ask it to find files that match certain characteristics, instead of going through folders. To keep with your example, you'd ask "the object is made of black plastic and metal", "I used it last yesterday", "I use on my car", etc.
"The best way to get a bad law repealed is to enforce it strictly."

― Abraham Lincoln
unfortunately icnfnt at the moment has some major issues, including lost of pixel perfection when subsetting https://github.com/johnsmclay/icnfnt/issues/5#issuecomment-1...

it seems that the author will address these issues soon (issue #19).

i wanna thank him too for his efforts
Cyberhope, cyberchange, etc
This is bad, why?
How to Organize a Successful Hackathon
Yeah, but that's not surfaced to most UIs. Symlinks/"shortcuts" are, though.
You could argue that iPad also copied the original MS Tablet, but the difference is the Apple version wasn't completely awful. If iOS7 is a non-offensive version of Win 8, I'll like it very much.
It is like "verbing", but infinitely more annoying.
I can see real books disappearing first, before files. This concept is so much ingrained in the actual development of apps, that it can't simply go away.

Starting with scm, make/project files, editors, runtime functions, access to devices - it's all file based, and it's the lowest common language between 99% of the systems in this world.
I am at the same point in my career as you. My first job out of college was at HP. I must say that everything you mentioned was the case for me too.

Now I'm at a smaller company, and my quality of life has improved tremendously.
continuing the flickr revive
Isn't the whole benefit the point that you keep the userbase? They've essentially allowed devs to sell their list of users along with their app.
As long as the OS and apps have no real global concept of "a project", we'll need file systems to, well, give us a system to organize our files.

I think that's exactly what the author says will happen:

"(...) This will help apps automatically organize and index relevant information so that the interface’s search function can access and integrate content in a much smarter way, making the file and folder concept obsolete. (...)"
WWI history doesn't seem as much like the plot of a William Gibson novel as the international incident under discussion does.
While I agree with your point, I think you chose a poor example. In the last 10 years, URIs have changed to no longer refer to a path on the filesystem (yes yes, there are still a ton of old sites that do). A lot of new web frameworks start by regexing the daylights out of your URI and then running a function based on the match.
If surveilance threathens your choice, then it's a threat to the democracy, but then US has never been a real democracy, but a representative one. As such it's congresmen and senators that might be threatened by it since the do our real voting for us.
SQL is hard
I don't think those are the reasons, but rather the negative side effects. I think the reason we stereotype is because historically is has been extremely advantageous, biologically/sociologically speaking, to be able to predict certains things based on someone's appearance or background.
I'm an atheist, there is no God for me.
One could also present them correctly as a very authoritarian state, antithetical to personal freedom and civil liberties. Maybe there's no political benefit to be gained by saying that.
Drawing comparisons to "the war on drugs" brings to mind a perpetual hopelessly misguided attempt to completely squash the unsquashable by throwing money at the police (or the equivalent), the escalating militarization of the police (or the equivalent) and the abridgement and/or suspension of civil rights (most notably the fourth).

So I've got to say, it scares me too.
Getting fired from a job that sounds as miserable as his description depicts seems like a good thing to me. It's not like he'll have trouble finding a new one.
Well, crap. Sorry, Thomas. For some reason my mind keeps assuming there's a "Patrick" hidden somewhere in your username.
AnyPerk（YC W12) Is Growing 30% Every Month: Fukuyama
Obviously, to reproduce when there is no better alternative.

Thankfully, we are very, very, very long ways from that right now...

But nature developed that behavior for a reason...