skysight-inc/HackerNews huggingface dataset:
I don't know how else to put it, but at least half of what you have written above is completely wrong.

> but they're less useful in other languages where you already have effects everywhere.

Scala has side effects everywhere, yet the Monad is extensively used in Scala programs. Monads have nothing to do with "effects".

Monads are not used to decide the kind of "effects" you are allowed. By calling every Monad a kind of "effect", you are just begging the question. Monads are merely objects that follow 3 monad laws, no more no less.

> This is why Haskell is pure despite having effects. Haskell programs don't do IO, they yield control to the runtime environment whenever IO needs to be done.

How is this different from a C program? Haskell is pure in the presence of IO, because the type system tracks IO calls and forces any function that even indirectly refers to a quantity obtained via IO to modify its type signature to reflect the IO action. This can be done with/without Monads. Haskell IO is a Monad, because it pretty much analogous to the State Monad and Haskell has special Monad syntax that lets you pass the World State implicitly and write imperative code in an imperative style.
Drop the sh, and inspect the script before you run it. It just checks a few dependencies and system items, and then retrieves the docker binary, and puts it in /usr/local/bin. All of this can be done by hand by any Linux sysadmin .. And of course, it wouldn't take much to make a .deb for it either.

However, I would like to discuss the docker design a little more in detail, on the basis of its ease of use. First of all, I too do not like to have random stuff piped into my shell, so I went looking for the Docker sources. It was darned easy to build from sources, and quick too. At the end, I had a single binary.

And the cool thing about this binary is that its both the server and the client in the same package! So - the sysadmin of your Linux machine can (and should, manually, for now) build from sources, install in a local/ or ~/bin, and add the daemon to start up as needed.

Then, anyone else on the machine - not needing su rights - can run docker images, and so on.

This isolation, simplicity of install, and .. frankly .. rocking feature set .. is a beautiful thing. Can it be that golang is the secret sauce here? I say: yes.
Very cool! You might also want to add weather, amazon/yelp ratings for products/places, directions from place a to b and location based search (coffee near staples center, la). Would be super useful for people on the move without access to a data plan.
The function is not the focus. The article presents three abstractions that allow you to apply regular functions on things to which they are not directly applicable.

Maybe is usually used as an example since it's the simplest non-trivial monad (and therefore also an applicative functor).

The point of eg. fmap etc. is that you can have regular Int -> Bool functions, and apply them to data with more structure than simple values. a Maybe String is not a String, but you can still transform one to uppercase by doing fmap (map toUpper) mstring. The fun part is that that exact same thing works on a list of strings, an IO String (fmap (map toUpper) getLine), a Tree of Strings, etc... It's fully generic over anything that can implement Functor; the exact behaviour is defined by the particular instance.

Applicative is just an extension to the idea, where the function applied itself can have this extra structure, and when combined with an infix fmap you get to do

(+) <$> Just 2 <*> Nothing <*> Just 5 -- Nothing
(++) <$> getLine <*> getLine -- IO action that reads two lines and concats them

To see why this works has to do with currying. Just stare at the types of fmap and <* > long enough and you should see it eventually.

a Monad is yet more powerful because it allows a previous computation to affect what follows in an arbitrary manner (Applicative doesn't), allowing things like state, asynchronous execution, continuations, and countless other things. It's such an useful abstraction that Haskell provides the do syntax for using it.

Edit: In languages like Java where all types are nullable, if you uppercase a String, but that String is null, your program breaks, even though the type system claims that you have a String when in reality all types are Maybes, and you are forced to always check for nulls manually or just rely on users to not give you nulls, even though it would be trivial for the compiler to check something like that statically if the language were expressive enough to allow it.
Yahoo's Flickr is one huge porn site sugarcoated a bit with legit content. You are never further than 3-4 clicks away from downright smut there.

So I think nothing will change.
E.g. Functor is just like template in C++ for constructing type.

No, a type variable is! For instance, if we have a data type:

data MyBox a = MyBox a

a is the type variable, and is pretty much the same thing as a C++ class or struct template that stores a (const) value:

template <class T>
struct MyBox {
MyBox(T const &nv) : v(nv) {}
T const v;
};

This has nothing to do with functors (yet). MyBox has a so-called kind of

MyBox :: * -> *

meaning that MyBox takes a type (namely a) and returns a type. For instance, MyBox Int has the kind:

MyBox Int :: *

Now, a Functor is any data type of kind

* -> *

for which we can implement the function fmap

fmap :: (a -> b) -> f a -> f b

Such that:

fmap id = id
fmap (p . q) = (fmap p) . (fmap q)

hold. We can implement this function for MyBox and show that the laws hold (left as an exercise to the reader):

instance Functor MyBox where
fmap f (MyBox v) = MyBox (f v)

In other words, fmap applies a function within a context. And the fact that a particular context (such as MyBox) is a Functor states that the functor laws hold.
On a complete side note: did anyone else notice that the page changed urls as your scrolled to new articles. However, the page didn't reload. It was interesting, but it broke my browser's back functionality. Since I scrolled down and back up, my browser had ~10 pages in its history before I got back to HN.
Weirdly, I have the complete opposite experience with dojo.

The streamlined AMD loading makes it really easy to write modularized, structured projects and build it into release bundles. The store concept and compliant widgets are excellent, and while admittedly much of the dojox stuff is fragile, the dijits in general are very well made. The charting and drawing modules, with fallbacks (SVG, canvas, VML, Silverlight) have also been great to work with in my experience.

Can you give some examples of things you find unintuitive or confusing? What makes it more difficult to debug than other Javascript libraries? How do you find the documentation lacking? (The latter has become quite a bit better in recent years, you may want to look at it again if you haven't in a while).

I can understand that dojo may seem daunting at first. After all, something as simple as

$('#foo').html('<div>foo</div>').css(...).click(function(....

in jquery, takes a fair bit more effort in dojo. This, and I suspect, quite a few of the other grievances you have, stem from dojo's insistence on modularization. This seems unnecessary at first, but in my experience, pays off as your code base grows.

My recommendation is to seriously consider it for any complex javascript application.
Incredible amounts of money?
I did the same paperclip trick ... Worked fine until one day I hit the wrong pin and connected the power line to one of the chips ... Bang. Big deal because I grew up in rural Ireland and a new C64 or a repair meant a road trip and big expense.
Docker - the Linux container engine
From slashdot to resdit to forums to hacker news, one thing is clear.

Forum health is not about free speech.

And the people who are most upset are this are those who genuinely believe in free speech. I did too.

It's only after seeing many forums devolve that its clear to me and many other mods, admins, writers and foru users that forum operation, forum discussion health and real world free speech do not overlap perfectly.
Why would Tumblr be singled out when Bing gets away with it? Bing goes so unnoticed that their image search is practically a porn engine (if you turn off safe search), and I've never heard an outcry about that.

Every female celebrity or politician has "nude" or "naked" somewhere in the suggested searches. To illustrate my point, do a Bing image search for Bill Clinton. Next, try it for Hillary. Not quite as bad, but try image searches for Barack and Michelle Obama. The top three suggestions for Michelle are Ass, Booty, and Butt. They may argue that they're just reflecting what users search for, but I have trouble believing that a lot of people are out there looking for nude photos of Nancy Pelosi.
Zato - Python-based ESB
Ubuntu with GNOME Shell 3.6.2!
And community has huge amount of handy extensions over here: http://extensions.gnome.org/
Hell, the first non-image bing result for "men" is for gay porn.
San Francisco also needs public restrooms ASAP. Bart station entrances in downtown and Mission District heavily smell pie most of the time. Especially yesterday evening, I felt really sick when I was entering the Bart in 16th Mission.
The only provider I have been using so far is EC2. I tried Joyent (you can recompile your own kernel but but it's more of a PITA than I'm willing to deal with) and DigitalOcean (no 3.8 kernel for Ubuntu.)

The show stopping problems were early in development. The major one is that I ran into the kernel issues early on and then they added the recommendation to use only 3.8 or higher. So, that's not a fix but it addressed my problems. I was also having problems running Docker in stand-alone mode per their own docs, they have since removed this and daemon mode works great. I don't remember what the others were.
Interesting, I've never seen porn on flickr. On the web porn is probably indeed never further than 3 to 4 clicks away so flickr likely is no exception but it depends very much on how you use the web. Unless I'm researching something I don't dive deep or follow many links so when someone asks me to look at a picture on flickr and then I leave again.

Are there any figures on what the percentage of adult content is on flickr?
Why IRC as corporate communication is BAD
There exist great myths around Tesla:

"Hardly anything written about Nikola Tesla fails to exaggerate his inventions and deify the man. Factually wrong descriptions of his accomplishments are found all over the place. His name is broadly smeared by association with virtually every crank conspiracy theory on the planet. They want magically easy answers to complicated problems, and when they hear that Tesla invented such answers and that the government and industry suppressed them, they trumpet his name to the world. This group has become little more than a cult, an insult to the man and his accomplishments."

"Tesla is not known to have ever mentioned ball lightning in any of his writing or speaking, and no record from his time is known to exist stating that he created, demonstrated, or knew about anything that could reasonably be called ball lightning — despite intense rumormongering to the contrary"

"Tesla posed for a famous publicity photograph, that you've seen many times, of himself sitting in a chair inside his lab taking notes while the air all around him is filled with such streamers from his giant coil."

"During the final decade of his life, Tesla was essentially penniless and living in a New York hotel, consumed by what we think today was probably obsessive compulsive disorder. It was during this period — and not earlier during his productive laboratory years — that he openly spoke of having built and tested a Death Ray."

Source: 'The Cult of Nikola Tesla', http://skeptoid.com/episodes/4345
>- Put minimum wage above slavery levels: $20/hr AT LEAST

And put a bunch of people out of work, exclusively lower and lower-middle class folk.

Minimum wage is one of the worst and most counter-productive mechanisms for social welfare. Citizen's salary is better as it doesn't create adverse employment incentives and ensures basic survival/shelter/etc for all without agency or commodity-trade problems.

Empowers the worker class to negotiate knowing their rent is paid regardless too. Not to mention the labor mobility and liquidity it could induce.

If you're going to advocate for social services, you should at least know which programs are known to perform poorly. (There are tons of economic/socio-political reports on this stuff all over the internet. If you care - read.)

Cf. Rent control
Pretty sure that was the point of what they said :)
Online forecasting tool for startup cash flows
Inequality In The Robot Future
Oh, and about the wireless power, which the video clip is about:

"Did Tesla plan to transmit power world-wide through the sky?

It was his ultimate plan, but the farthest he ever got was the partial construction of his famous tower at Wardenclyffe which was intended for wireless communication across the Atlantic. His worldwide wireless power system was theoretical only, employing the Schumann-Tesla resonance to charge the Earth's ionosphere such that a simple handheld coil could receive electrical power for free anywhere, and everywhere, in the world. Tesla's idea was innovative, but innovative idea it remained, as debts mounted and the tower was dismantled before it ever got to be used. Now that the nature of the ionosphere is much better understood, physicists now consider Tesla's concept unworkable, and no attempts to test it have ever worked.

All sorts of conspiracy theories exist, for example that the HAARP research facility in Alaska is secretly a test of Tesla's worldwide power grid, or some sort of superweapon based on it. The profound differences between these systems become clear upon doing even the most basic of research."
Fiddler - The Free Web Debugging Proxy
Ooh I didn't know that trick!
Red Hat versus Windows Server
and the freemium model was in place before Yahoo bought them

I was a pro user, cancelled when Yahoo bought Flickr and forced us all to use Yahoo accounts.
Como quedar embarazada
Metodo revolucionario para quedarse embarazada de forma natural y sin medicamentos,¡¡GARANTIZADO!!
There is a huge risk when you develop an app on top of Android /iOS/Facebook.

One day they can shut you down...
You made me laugh...
Putting just a ':D' in here made my Karma fall to -2 :(

WTH ?!
Clojure symbol to source body
PacketPushers podcast on Arista 7500E series
They didn't claim causation.
If you want to see on which date you joined Hacker News, click your login name in the right top of the page (https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=Username) and note the 'created: 1397 days ago'. Then plug in this number into a date calculation:

$ python
>>> import datetime
>>> print datetime.date.today() - datetime.timedelta(1397)
2009-07-22

Interesting. I joined in the summer of 2009 ;-)
I seem to remember reading he tends to write mostly during the fall months. Also, November was right before the previous class, which would explain why he got busy quick.
Googles UK exec has been questioned by a parliamentary committee after receiving this evidance, this was reported widely in the UK (I also read an article in the guardian). The Times just has more info on the leaker.
Well, if you are able to provide 1/2 as cheap rent and transportations, I believe many people would.

I've heard in South Korea many of the smaller apartments don't have any windows at all.
Docker author here. Yes, the ability to produce a single binary that "just works" is one of the reasons we chose Golang. The operational simplicity is hard to beat, and you don't have to convince python hackers to install gems, java hackers to mess with virtualenv, and so on.

For the record, another reason we chose Golang is because it was not python. Docker is a rewrite of a 2 year old python codebase which has seen a lot of action in production. We wanted the operational learnings but not the spaghetthi code. So we made it impossible to cut corners by changing languages. No copy-pasting!
People dig the truth, and the truth can be rather damning and quite negative at times. Some of my posts which get the most attention are from that general perspective.

'Google's "free food" is not free' got a lot of responses right here on HN, and that was a post about exposing something which happens in the recruitment pipeline.

People have come to me offering jobs and seeking custom work as a direct result of reading my posts. I just don't see the connection.
Mageia Linux 3 Released
I recall seeing this as well, and it's a sad indictment of SV management if it's true that companies estimate higher revenue potential for potential acquisitions with a pitch of "we've got pageviews you can always stick ads on" than "we've gradually started to monetise at a low CPM relying mainly on excess inventory ads from a third party platform due to a limited sales team, but CTRs are good and user attrition near nonexistent and our one premium brand advertiser is very happy, so how much more revenue do you think you'll make?"

It's like investing more in the "idea guy" than the good team with a developing product whose traction isn't stratospheric yet.
Ask HN: Anyone in a need of a python/django guru?
Folded startup http://cloudiff.com/demo
Baby on the way in a matter of weeks
Desperate to get a gig.
Will code twice as much, twice as hard, half the price.
Email me jparicka@gmail.com and lets get started.
Clickalble link http://cloudiff.com/demo
He's never been that prolific. I guess he writes when he's got something to say. Some of his previous essays reflect long-held beliefs, supply of which is clearly limited.
The most obvious reason is that pg writes an essay when he has an idea or an insight he wants to think and write about. New insights don't arrive on a fixed schedule.

If pg had been posting every month the HN thread would read: "Ask HN: is it just me or has the quality of Paul Graham's writing gone down?"
Playing a bit of devil's advocate here: why the need for a teacher?

Buddha: "No teacher have I"

Jesus: "Know thyself"

I'm not convinced there is a "Buddhist way", but rather ways. I mean, Vipasana is almost entirely technique oriented, apparently following the historical Buddha's extant teaching to the letter. Tibetans do a boatload of visualization, while Zen tends to emphasize open eyed sitting and posture without any focal point.

Same deal in Christianity, Islam, etc., many ways.

And yet, mystics like Ramana Maharshi, Jiddu Krishnamurti, Eckhart Tolle, etc. all say, dispense with practice and teachers, these are extraneous to the fundamental matter. For Tolle it was rock bottom chronic depression; for Maharshi it was some kind of death experience, and for Krishnamurti it was talking a lot (heh, heh, kidding, he was apparently born without the sense of "I").
Female 'Purity' Is Bullshit
Yes it's written in go... though Docker could have been written to the same effect in something else (Haskell or whatever).

If there were a 'secret sauce' I'd say it's the kernel features it takes advantage of (cgroup, lxc, kernel namespaces, aufs, etc). :)
I've seen plenty of business news articles where 'estimated' numbers or numbers from anonymous sources 'familiar with the company' were out by an order of magnitude.
Haskell IO is pure because an IO action is basically just an "instruction". For example, one way to make a pure thing out of a side-effecting procedure is to wrap it in a lambda; it won't do anything until you actually call it, so you can use it as a value. The reason why IO is "separated" by the type system is the same as why Strings are "separated" from Ints: They are different.

The monad operations happen to be a convenient interface for combining IO values to form a composite value that is then called "main", and when the program is actually run, the value of main is executed to produce all the effects.
Porn is not just 'not monetizable', it is toxic to regular advertisers.

You really don't want that ad for the new car next to grandma in her see-through... bad associations.
Ah, thank you. That info wasn't there when I conducted the tests: http://web.archive.org/web/20120915095343/http://www.rackspa...?

"though this doesn't necessarily translate into performance" - Yes, even when the files were already cached, I wasn't always satisfied with the performance.

A detail that bugged me, by the way, was the high number of CNAME requests, although this should at worst affect the first view.
As someone who was just hellbanned, I can agree :)

(I'm hellbanned so you probably won't see this post anyway)
Free Static Code Analysis with Eclipse
Many second hand book shops have too much stock, to the extent that it causes them storage problems. If you ask them they will give you lots of (shitty) books for a low price.
... and then they build new ones.
Running docker inside doesn't eliminate all the advantages. For example, you can test a full stack of components (frontend, database, memcache, background workers...) on a single VM, instead of deploying 1 vm per component, which gets really heavy really fast.

Another advantage is that docker on a vm is still docker: the container running on your local VM is 100% identical, bute-for-byte, to the container you will run on an octo-core box with half a tera of ram.
The biggest problem with India is the lack of nationalism. Most Indians are not proud of India. If they were, all it's problems would get fixed for real. India is like 'Europe' - each state is a country of it's own. My solution to the whole problem is to spin off many states into separate countries. The people would be lot happier that way - most don't want to live together anyway. And then have some sort of schengen visa to enable free movement between states. 'State' level nationalism is a lot lot lot more than 'Country' level nationalism.
Humans of New York in Tehran - Stopping Strangers on the Streets of Iran
I think he was just being a good salesman.